ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
One-Unit was the title of a scheme launched by the federal government of Pakistan to merge the four provinces of West Pakistan into a singular unit, as a counterbalance against the numerical domination of the ethnic Bengalis of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The One Unit scheme was announced by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra on 22 November 1954. On 5 October 1955 Iskander Mirza (Acting Governor General of Pakistan) passed an order unifying all of West Pakistan in what became known as the 'One Unit Scheme'. History. The province of West Pakistan was created on 30 October 1955 by the merger of the provinces, states and Tribal Areas of the western wing. The province was composed of twelve divisions and the provincial capital was established at Lahore. The province of East Bengal, (now Bangladesh) was renamed East Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dacca. The federal government moved the country's capital in 1959 from Karachi to Rawalpindi (serving as provisional capital until Islamabad was finished), whilst the federal legislature moved to Dacca. West Pakistan formed a single and united political entity but with marked linguistic and ethnic distinctions. The One Unit policy was regarded as an administrative reform that would reduce expenses and help eliminate ethnic and narrow-sighted prejudices. People hated this as they felt stripped of their identity, and with the military coup of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of Chief Minister was abolished on July 1, 1970 by President General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan.
Bodmin Moor is a granite moorland in northeastern Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is in size, and originally dates from the Carboniferous period of geological history. Bodmin Moor is one of five granite plutons (underground masses of igneous rock) in Cornwall. The name 'Bodmin Moor' is fairly recent, invented in 1813. It was formerly known as Fowey Moor after the River Fowey which rises within it. Since the mid 18th century Bodmin Moor has been crossed by the trunk road now known as the A30. Geography. Dramatic granite tors rise from the rolling moorland: the best known are Brown Willy, the highest point in Cornwall at , and Rough Tor at . Considerable areas of the moor are poorly drained and form marshes (in hot summers these can dry out). The rest of the moor is mostly rough pasture or overgrown with heather and other low vegetation. The Moor contains about 500 farm holdings with around 10,000 beef cows, 55,000 breeding ewes and 1,000 horses and ponies. Most of the moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and has been officially designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), as part of Cornwall AONB. Rivers and inland waters. Bodmin Moor is the source of several of Cornwall's rivers: they are mentioned here anti-clockwise from the south. Inland waters on the moor include Dozmary Pool (Cornwall's only natural inland lake) and three reservoirs, Colliford Lake, Siblyback Lake and Crowdy reservoir which supply water for a large part of the county's population.
The Amphipods are an order of malacostracan crustaceans. They have no carapace.  The name "amphipoda" means "different-footed". Unlike isopods, where all the legs are alike, amphipods have different appendage types.  Of the 7,000 species, 5,500 are classified into one suborder, the Gammaridea. The rest are in two or three other suborders.  Amphipods range in size from 0.1 to 34 centimetres (0.04 to 13 inches) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. They live in almost all aquatic environments; 750 species live in caves and the order also includes terrestrial animals and sandhoppers such as "Talitrus saltator". The largest amphipods live on the sea floor, seven kilometres down. Reproduction and life cycle. Mature females bear a "marsupium", or brood pouch, which holds her eggs while they are fertilised, and until the young are ready to hatch. As a female ages, she produces more eggs in each brood. Mortality is around 25%–50% for the eggs. There are no larval stages; the eggs hatch directly into a juvenile form, and sexual maturity is generally reached after 6 moults.
A converter is a chemical reactor which turns raw iron into steel.  Raw iron called "pig iron" which is the product of blast furnace, contains up to 4% of carbon. It is too hard and brittle for meaningful use. The carbon must first be burned off the iron to produce steel. This process is called "conversion" and the reactor a "converter". The first converter was invented by Sir Henry Bessemer in 1856. He built a pear-shaped large vessel with nozzles (tuyeres) for air in the bottom. Hot molten pig iron from blast furnace was poured in the converter, and then air was pumped in at the bottom with high pressure. The result was a loud noise and a flame of up to 20 metres off the mouth of the converter. After ten minutes all the pig iron had become steel. The Bessemer converter was the first successful reactor on converting pig iron into steel, and the era of steel began. Steel was now plentiful and cheap. However, steel becomes better if only oxygen is blown in. Air contains nitrogen, which is harmful for some steel grades. A modern converter called basic oxygen furnace uses pure oxygen instead of air. It was invented 1949 in Austria. The modern basic oxygen converter is a large pumpkin-shape vessel which is made from steel and lined with refractories such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide line so the vessel can withstand the high temperature of molten metal.  Molten pig iron and scrap are loaded in the converter. The scrap usually is rusty and contains oxygen, so some of the rust reacts with the pig iron, burning the carbon away and creating heat which melts the scrap. Once all scrap has melted, a special pipe called "oxygen lance" is lowered in the pig iron, and a very fast and sharp blow of oxygen is blasted in. The oxygen burns all the carbon away and mixes the liquid steel thoroughly. Once all carbon has been burned away, some extra carbon is inserted to raise the contents to desired level. The result is liquid steel, which is then tapped away and taken to rolling mill to produce steel products.
A tuning fork is a sound resonator which is a two-pronged fork. The prongs, called tines, are made from a U-shaped bar of metal (usually steel). This bar of metal can move freely. It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it against an object. It sounds a pure musical tone after waiting a moment to allow some high overtone sounds to die out. The pitch depends on the length of the two prongs. Its main use is as a standard of pitch to tune other musical instruments, and in some tests of hearing. Description. The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by British musician John Shore. He was the Sergeant Trumpeter to the court, who had musical parts written for him by the composers George Frideric Handel and Henry Purcell. The fork shape produces a very pure tone. Most of the vibrational energy is at the fundamental frequency, with very few overtones (harmonics). This is not the case with other resonators. The reason for this is that the frequency of the first overtone is about 52/22 = 25/4 = 6¼ times the fundamental (about 2½ octaves above it). By comparison, the first overtone of a vibrating string is only one octave above the fundamental. So when the fork is struck, little of the energy goes into the overtone modes; they also die out correspondingly faster, leaving the fundamental. It is easier to tune other instruments with this pure tone, when listening to compare with the tone of each other instrument. Another reason for using the fork shape is that, when it vibrates in its principal mode, the handle vibrates up and down as the prongs move apart and together. There is a node (point of no vibration) at the base of each prong. The handle motion is small, allowing the fork to be held by the handle without damping the vibration, but it allows the handle to transmit the vibration to a resonator (like the hollow rectangular box often used), which amplifies the sound of the fork. Without the resonator (which may be as simple as a table top to which the handle is pressed), the
St Neot is a parish and village in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is between the towns of Bodmin and Liskeard. The parish is named after the Saxon monk, Saint Neot (who also gives his name to St Neots in Cambridgeshire). On the northern side the parish includes part of Bodmin Moor and hamlets in the parish include Draynes, Ley and Pantersbridge. During the English Civil War St Neot was staunchly Royalist. To commemorate this, each year on Oak Apple Day (29 May), an oak branch is mounted on the top of the church tower. The early medieval church building must have been smaller than the one in existence today and the church was rebuilt in granite in the 15th century. The fine stained glass windows are from about 1500. The stained glass is partly original and partly from a restoration done by John Hedgeland, ca. 1830.
Lombe's Mill was the first successful silk throwing mill in England. It was built in an island on the River Derwent in Derby. John Lombe visited Piedmont in 1717 and studied details of the Italian silk throwing machines- the "filatoio", and the "torcitoio". Then, he returned to England with some Italian craftsmen, and built the mill. George Sorocold designed the building. Location. Lombe's Mill was built next to Thomas Cotchett's 1704 mill on the west bank of the River Derwent in Derby. At this point a weir had been constructed across the river and the mill was built on an island downstream, which separated the river from the tail race of three corn mills. Derby was an important place, because the river had a fast flow and A6 road (from London to Carlisle) crossed the river here. History. This mill is significant as it was the first successful silk throwing mill in England, and probably the first fully mechanized factory in the world.  Thomas Cotchett built the first mill in Derby in 1704, but it was unsuccessful. So John Lombe visited Piedmont in 1716 to see the successful silk throwing mill there. This was an early example of industrial spying. He returned to Derby with the knowledge and a group of Italians. He and his half brother Thomas Lombe (born 1685) instructed George Sorocold to build a mill to his design and fitted it with the new machines. It was built to the south of Cotchetts Mill. Thomas Lombe was given a 14 year patent to protect the design of the throwing machines he used. This displeased the King of Sardinia, and he stopped exporting suitable raw silk. It is speculated that he was responsible for John Lombes mysterious death six years later in 1722. His elder brother, Thomas Lombe took over the business. When the patents lost effect in 1732, other mills were built in Stockport and Macclesfield. To the north of the powered Italian Works an unpowered Doubling Shop was built- this happened before 1739. The mill
The Lizard is a peninsula in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. The most southerly point of the British mainland is near Lizard Point at . Lizard village, the most southerly village on the British mainland, is in Landewednack, the most southerly parish. The peninsula measures approximately x . It is southwest of Falmouth ten miles (16 km) east of Penzance. The name "Lizard" is most probably a corruption of the Cornish name "Lys Ardh", meaning "high court". The name is not connected to the rock called serpentinite which is found here. The Lizard's coast is particularly hazardous to shipping and the seaways round the peninsula were historically known as the "Graveyard of Ships". The Lizard Lighthouse was built at Lizard Point in 1752 and the RNLI operates The Lizard lifeboat station. Geography. The parishes on the peninsula proper are (west to east): Four parishes and part of a fifth in the northeast belong to a district known as the Meneage (pronounced to rhyme with "vague"); from west to east these are Mawgan-in-Meneage (part), St Martin in Meneage, Manaccan, St Anthony-in-Meneage, and (south of the Helford River) St Keverne. Geology. The peninsula's geology is the best preserved example of an exposed ophiolite in the United Kingdom. An ophiolite is a group of geological formations which represent a slice through a section of ocean crust thrust onto the continental crust. Geologists have identified these three parts of the rock: the serpentinites, the "oceanic complex" and the metamorphic basement. Ecology. Several nature sites exist on the Lizard Peninsula including Predannack nature reserve, Mullion Island, and Goonhilly Downs. An area of the Lizard coverning is designated a National Nature Reserve because of its coastal grasslands and heaths and inland heaths. The Lizard contains some of the most specialised plants of any area in Britain, including many endangered species.
St Blazey is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom, in the civil parish of St Blaise. The name St Blaise is also used by the town council. The population in the 2001 census was 6632. St Blazey is east of St Austell. Once an important engineering centre for the local mine and railway industries, the parish is now dominated by the Eden Project. Historically copper and tin were mined in and around the parish, whilst more recently china clay has been the principal commodity mined. The port of Par Harbour, which is in the parish, was built to make transporting these minerals easier. The Cornwall Minerals Railway, which had a depot and station in the town, was also used to move them. The Eden Project is within the civil parish, and about from the centre of the town. The large number of visitors this attracts has led to the development of tourism in the town.
The Alchemist Discovering Phosphorus is a painting by Joseph Wright of Derby which was finished in 1771, then redone 1795. The full title of the painting is "The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher’s Stone, Discovers Phosphorus, and prays for the successful Conclusion of his operation, as was the custom of the Ancient Chymical Astrologers".  The picture shows an alchemist trying to produce the rare Philosopher's Stone, which could turn metal into gold, but instead, to his surprise, he finds phosphorus. The picture has provoked many different understandings. The picture moved with Wright to Italy in 1773-1775, came back to England, was redone in 1795, but was only sold four years after his death. It is on show at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery. A story was often printed in popular chemical books in Wright’s lifetime, and was widely known.
Épinal is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Vosges department in the Grand Est region.
In computing, a window is an area on a computer screen. This area usually shows an application or folder. Windows can be made bigger or smaller, and can be opened or closed. They can also be minimized. They are usually in the shape of a rectangle. Windows are very obvious in graphical user interfaces as they are the main means of displaying information to users. The most famous of these is the appropriately named "Windows" operating system made by Microsoft.
LMFAO was an American electro hop band. The members were Redfoo and SkyBlu. Redfoo is the eighth and youngest son of Berry Gordy, Jr. who is the founder of Motown and SkyBlu is Gordy, Jr.'s grandson. They commonly refer to their music as "party rock". Their group name comes from the acronym LMFAO which means "Laughing My Freaking Ass Off".
Party Rock is the debut studio album by American electro hop duo, LMFAO. The album was released on July 7, 2009. The album was nominated for Best Electronic/Dance Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards but lost to Lady Gaga's "The Fame". The EP version was released on iTunes on July 1, 2008. Reception. The album peaked at #33 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at #31 on the UK Dance Chart.
"I'm in Miami Bitch" (also known by the clean title "I'm in Miami Trick") is a 2008 Electro hop/alternative hip hop/dance song by American electro hop group, LMFAO. The song was the theme song for the television show Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami, The "New York" version was used for the television show Kourtney and Kim Take New York and the song was featured in a commercial on the show . The lyrics to the song is usually changed depending on which city LMFAO performs in (for example "I'm in Chicago Bitch"). The song reached #27 on the Australian Singles Chart, #27 on the U.S. "Billboard" Pop Songs, #37 on the Canadian Hot 100 and #51 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100.
Strepsiptera is a order of insects, any of about 600 species of small insects that are notable for their bizarre form of parasitism. Strepsipterans are parasitic in planthoppers, leafhoppers, treehoppers, froghoppers, bees, and other insects. Description. Mature females are usually wingless and saclike, whereas the males have large, fanlike hindwings, short, clublike forewings, bulging eyes, and comblike antennae.
The snakeflies (Raphidioptera) are a small order of Endopterygote insects. They are closely related to the Megaloptera and Neuroptera.  There are about 210 living species. They are easily recognized by their small head and long 'neck', which is actually the elongated prothorax.  The snakefly, about 15 mm (0.6 inch) long, has two pairs of similar, net-veined wings, long antennae, and chewing mouthparts. The female lays eggs with a long ovipositor. Life cycle. The life cycle includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The active and carnivorous larvae live beneath loose tree bark. The snakefly is found on every continent except Australia and may be beneficial to humans because it destroys the larvae and pupae of other insects.
Lusk is an American town in the state of Wyoming. It is in Niobrara County where it is the county seat. The city has a population of about 1,541 people. The Wyoming Women's Center of the Wyoming Department of Corrections is in Lusk.
Hugo Meisl (16 November 1881, Maleschau, Bohemia - 17 February 1937) was an Austrian football player, coach, referee and football official. He was coach of the so-called Wunderteam. Biography. Meisl was born in the Bohemian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was born to a Jewish family. At the age of 12, he went to Vienna and developed an interest in the new football sport in Austria. He became member of the Vienna Cricket and Football-Club in 1895 but did not play regularly, because he was often out of the country for schooling. He became a bank clerk in 1905 and started his career as football official. Meisl got a job as an administrator with the Austrian Football Association when he was in his early 40s. He became General Secretary. As referee, he led 16 international matches under them matches at the 1912 Winter Olympics in Stockholm. Due to his command of eight languages, he became Austria's representative for FIFA. Meisl had the longest career as team coach for Austria. He was in charge at 133 games. He was one of the most successful coaches of Austria's team. He was the coach of the so called Wunderteam (Wonderteam) which was the best one in Europe between 1931 and 1933. In 15 matches, Austria won 12 times. As an official, Meisl was responsible for introducing professionalism in football. He also took active part in establishing the Mitropapokal, a forerunner of today's Champions League. He died at the age of 55 from a heart attack. To honour him, a small street in Vienna is named after him.
Micheal Ray Nguyen-Stevenson (born November 19, 1989 in Compton, California), known by his stage name Tyga, is an American rapper from Compton, California. He is of Vietnamese and Jamaican descent. His father is of African-Jamaican descent while his mother is a mix of African-American and Vietnamese descents. Tyga is signed to Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Universal Republic. He was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011 for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration with "Deuces" alongside Chris Brown and Kevin McCall.
The Generali Arena (till 2010 Franz-Horr-Stadion) is a football stadium in Vienna's Favoriten area. Since 1973, it has been the homeground of FK Austria Wien. It was built in 1925 as České srdce for the SK Slovan Wien, a team of the Czech minority in Vienna. The stadium has a capacity of 13 400 and was till 2010 named after the former president of the Vienna Football Association Franz Horr. History. The stadium was built in 1925 for Slovan Wien, a football team of the Czech minority of Vienna. It was called "České srdce" which means "czech heart". It was then the new homeground after the promotion to the first league. It was opened with a tournament with Sparta Prag, 1.Vienna FC, Amateure and Slovan itself. The first official match was Slovan's first in the highest league versus Hertha. Slovan won 1:0. There was a plan to build an ice rink, grounds for the training and a gymnastics space for the Czechs of Favoriten but this was impossible for financial reasons. In 1935, Sk Slovan Wien was dissolved and the stadium was only used for amateur football by AC Slovan Wien. During the Second World War, the stadium was damaged. So the ground did not fit for AC Slovan Wien, which played in the A/league, then the highest in Austrian football. In 1949, the city renovated the stadium and it was used by clubs of the Vienna Football Association. Franz Horr, the chairman, made a contract with FK Austria Wien. They played from 1973 in the stadium. After the death of Franz Horr, the stadium was named after him.  Not earlier than 1981, the stadium was renovated. Till then, FK Austria played in other football stadiums in Vienna. In 1982, a north stand was built, in 1987 the west stand, in 1999 the south stand and in 2008 the east stand, which offers standing room only but is the home of
Morwenstow is a parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, United Kingdom. The hamlet is situated near the coast about six miles (10 km) north of Bude. Morwenstow is the most northerly parish in Cornwall with the Atlantic Ocean to the west and Devon to the east. As well as the churchtown, other settlements in the parish include Shop, Woodford, Gooseham, Eastcott, Wooley and West Youlstone. Morwenstow was the home of the eccentric vicar and poet Robert Stephen Hawker (1803–1875), who is credited with reviving the custom of Harvest Festivals. The church of St Morwenna and St John the Baptist is of the Norman period. The Vicarage was built for Hawker and has chimneys in the form of the towers of various churches associated with him. The nearby coast is hazardous to shipping and the corpses of drowned sailors were laid out in the churchyard and then buried. Hawker buried over forty who were washed up within the parish boundaries.
Kilkhampton is a village and parish in northeast Cornwall, United Kingdom. The village is on the A39 road about four miles (6 km) north-northeast of Bude. The population of the parish was 1,193 in the 2001 census. The remains of a late Norman period castle known as Penstowe Castle are 500 metres west of the village. Further west, at Stowe, is the site of the grand mansion of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, built in 1680 but demolished in 1739: some of the stonework was reused at Penstowe, also in the parish.
Polzeath (pronounced "pol'zeth") is a small seaside resort in the parish of St Minver in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is about six miles (10 km) north of Wadebridge on the Atlantic coast. Polzeath is known for its sandy beach and is popular with holiday-makers and surfers. Polzeath beach is described on the RNLI website as : "... a wide, flat beach with some shelter from winds, it sees good quality surf and is quite often extremely crowded". The main street through the village runs along the seafront and then rises up steep hills at both ends of the seafront; towards the neighbouring village of Trebetherick to the southwest and towards New Polzeath to the northeast.