ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Osmoregulation is how living things keep the right amount of salt and water in their bodies. All living things do this, from bacteria to humans. The basic idea is that organisms keep osmotic pressure by controlling their water and salt concentrations. There are regulators and conformers. Conformers match their environment, and regulators do things which act to keep their internal water at a standard level of saltiness. Sea fish, for example, tend to gain salt if they live in seawater. So they actively put out (excrete) salt from their gills. River fish, on the other hand, take the salt out before they excrete water. Some fish, like the flounder, live in both fresh and salt water at different stages in its life. They adapt to whichever water they are in. Plants. All plants regulate their water balance. Xerophytes like cacti keep water inside so they do not become too salty. Plants that live in seasonal wetlands also have ways of avoiding desiccation. Many plant leaves have a waterproof cuticle to regulate the loss of water, and use spiracles for gas exchange. Osmoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. it involves the balance between water and solute contents of cells. Land animals. The change from being in water to living on land was one of the most significant things which happened in evolution. From the perspective of water balance this was one of the most dramatic changes ever made. Suddenly, the new land animal had the problem of losing too much water through its skin, and taking in too little if it moved away from the water. Kidneys. Kidneys are the organ of osmoregulation in vertebrates, including humans. In the nephron, blood is filtered through the glomerulus. The filtrate, water, salts, and other small molecules, enters the tubule of the nephron. In excretion, the filtrate which remains in the tube leaves the kidney and becomes urine. The amount of water reabsorbed is controlled by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. For example, too high solute
Friends with Benefits is a 2011 comedy romantic movie directed by Will Gluck and starring Mila Kunis and Justin Timberlake. The movie was very positively welcomed from audience who praised its story, characters, humor, performances, soundtrack and emotional weight. It was also a commercial success grossing $150.4 million.
Aston Iain Merrygold (born 13 February 1988) is a British singer, songwriter, dancer, television personality, actor, and philanthropist. He recently appeared on the "X Factor". He is part of the group JLS (an acronym for Jack the Lad Swing).  Aston grew up in Peterborough dreaming of being a footballer. At secondary school, he represented England for the European Youth Games in 2004 but but soon after he discovered that, he had a nerve disorder in his left foot and had to give up sport.  When Aston was 14, his mother asked him to enter Kid Stars in their eyes and appeared as Michael Jackson in 2002 singing "Rockin' Robin". Aston performed in all of his school productions and after finishing school in 2004, he was cast in a new TV show called "Fun Song Factory".  Aston met Marvin Humes whilst auditioning for a TV advert. Since joining the band, Aston moved to London to make rehearsing easier.  Aston Merrygold and fellow members of JLS, Marvin Humes, Oritsé Williams, and JB Gill were absolutely fantastic singers and they deserved to become the number 1 boy band in the United Kingdom.
Obie Trice III (born 14 November 1977) is an American rapper and songwriter. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He started to rhyme when he was 11 years old. In 2000 he was signed to Shady Records. His first album "Cheers" was released in 2003 with its first single being "Got Some Teeth" The album consists of 17 tracks. The album was very successful and sold almost three million copies as of July 2018 and peaking at third on the Top R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Albums In 2008. Obie started his own record label called "Black Market Entertainment."
The prime minister of Iceland () is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president. List of previous prime ministers. Home Rule (1904–1918). Political party: Kingdom (1918–1944). Political party: Republic (1944–present). Political party:
Bjarni Benediktsson (born 26 January 1970), known as Bjarni Ben, is an Icelandic politician. He was the Prime Minister from April 2024 to December 2024. He was Prime Minister previously from January to November 2017. He has been the leader of the Icelandic Independence Party since 2009. He was Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs from 2013 to 2017, a post he later retained under Katrin Jakobsdottir.
Najaf Daryabandari (; 23 August 1929 – 4 May 2020) was an Iranian writer and translator. He was known for translating works of Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Bertrand Russell, Samuel Beckett and Mark Twain into Persian.  He started translation at the age of 17 with William Faulkner's book "A Rose for Emily". He was also a writer and wrote "From Garlic to Onion", a two-volume tome on Iranian cuisine. He was born in Abadan, Iran. Daryabandari died on 4 May 2020 in Tehran at the age of 90.
John Ridley (27 April 1952 – 3 May 2020) was an English footballer. He had a twelve-year professional career in the English Football League. He played for Port Vale and Chesterfield, as well as Leicester City.  He also played for non-league Stafford Rangers and for American side Fort Lauderdale Strikers. Ridley was born in Consett, County Durham. He died on 3 May 2020, aged 68. Honours. Individual Chesterfield Port Vale Stafford Rangers
"Than Phu Ying" Chanut Piyaoui (, 15 May 1924 – 3 May 2020) was a Thai businesswoman. She was born in Bangkok. Piyaoui was best known as the founder of Thai hospitality group Dusit International. She was the managing director and chairperson of Dusit International from 1970 to 2014. Piyaoui died on 3 May 2020 in Bangkok, aged 95.
Sir Daniel Charles Williams (4 November 1935 – 2 October 2024) was a Grenadian politician. He was a Governor-General of Grenada, from 8 August 1996 until 27 November 2008.  He was formally appointed by Queen Elizabeth II on 9 August 1996 after having been nominated by Prime Minister Keith Mitchell. Williams died on 2 October 2024 in St. George's, Grenada at the age of 88.
Annie Philomena Lee (born 24 March 1933) is an Irish nurse and activist. Her life was shown in the 2009 book "The Lost Child of Philomena Lee" by Martin Sixsmith. The book was made into a movie titled " Philomena" (2013), which was nominated for four Academy Awards.  Lee is now an activist and spokesperson for adoption rights. Lee has created "The Philomena Project" in order to raise awareness about adoption laws and find ways to improve them.  In February 2014, she met Pope Francis to discuss the Catholic church's adoption policies.
Rosalind Elias (March 13, 1930 – May 3, 2020) was an American mezzo-soprano. She was best known for creating the role of Erika in premiere of Samuel Barber's "Vanessa in" 1958 and Charmian in "Antony and Cleopatra" by the same composer. Elias was born in Lowell, Massachusetts. Elias died on May 3, 2020 in New York City of congestive heart failure, aged 90.
India Adams (March 5, 1927 – April 25, 2020) was an American singer. She was known as the ghost singer who dubbed the singing voices of Cyd Charisse and Joan Crawford in the mid-1950s. She was born in Los Angeles. She dubbed the singing voices for Charisse in "The Band Wagon" (1953). That same year, she also dubbed for Crawford in "Torch Song". Adams died on April 25, 2020 in Los Angeles of a short-illness, aged 93.
Neuilly-sur-Seine (), known as Neuilly, is a commune in the department of Hauts-de-Seine in France. It is west of Paris.  The city hosts many foreign headquarters and embassies. It is the richest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Together with the 16th and 7th arrondissement of Paris, the town of Neuilly-sur-Seine forms the richest residential area in the whole of France.
Philip Bruce Goff (born 22 June 1953) is a New Zealand politician. In 2016, he became the 2nd Mayor of Auckland. He was a Member of the New Zealand Parliament from 1981 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 2016.  He was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition between 11 November 2008 and 13 December 2011.
Madara Uchiha is a fictional character from the manga series Naruto, which depicts a world of ninjas. One of the main villains of the Naruto series (Part II), he is one of the co-founders of the Hidden Leaf Village along with friend/rival Hashirama Senju, the First Hokage. Background. Madara is a member of the Uchiha Clan, one of the strongest clans of the village of Konoha. During his childhood, he met a child named Hashirama and become his friend. The two compete with each other to become strong. Together they envisioned a village where ninjas will not kill each other. After learning that Hashirama is a member of the Senju Clan (enemy of the Uchiha Clan), their friendship ends. After failing several attempts to defeat his rival, Madara accepts Hashirama's treaty offering of peace between the Uchiha and the Senju. They founded the village of Konoha. But their methods about peace differs. After his defection from the village, Madara challenged Hashirama again and a massive battle occured at the Valley of the End. Madara, believed to be killed in the battle, when into hiding for several years. While hiding, he planned to create a world of peace where there is no fighting and killing between ninjas. He was already old when he activated the Rinnegan eyes. Because there's no time left, he transplanted his eyes to the young Nagato (to preserve the eyes for his later revival) and takes Obito Uchiha as his agent to accomplish his plan. He then entrusted Obito to use his name, "Madara Uchiha". Years later, Madara will be revided as a reanimated corpse by Kabuto Yakushi during the Fourth Great Ninja War. Madara manage sever his connection to Kabuto, killing most of the ninja forces. He then sacrificed Obito to become alive again. After obtaining one of his Rinnegan eyes and capturing all the tailed beasts, he became the Ten Tails host. After regaining his other eye, Madara is able to complete his plan (Infinite Tsukuyomi).
Cherry Blossom is a type of chocolate sold in Canada and made by Hershey Canada Inc. Hershey used to make it at its Canadian manufacturing facility in Smiths Falls, Ontario. The candy was made from the 1890s by the Walter M. Lowney Company of Canada until Hershey took it over as a subsidiary brand. The factory in Smiths Falls, which is north-east of Kingston, Ontario, is now closed. The candy consists of a maraschino cherry and cherry syrup surrounded by a mixture of chocolate, shredded coconut and roasted peanut pieces. The candy is sold in a wrapped 45-gram portion, packaged in a close-fitting cardboard box. Despite common belief, filling is not injected inside the chocolate. The cherry candy is covered with an enzyme, invertase, that breaks down the solid into a liquid over the next 1 to 2 weeks. The candy contains 210 calories of food energy, 10g fat (15% daily intake), 29g carbohydrate (10% daily intake), 1g fibre (4% daily intake), 27g sugars and 2g of protein. UPC number: 0 68000 70227 0
Misirlou is a song known around the world with Middle Eastern origins. Melody. &lt;score vorbis="1"&gt; \new Staff {  \relative c" {  \key c \major  \time 4/4  \repeat volta 2 {  d,4. ees8 fis4 g  a4. bes8 cis4 bes  a1 ~  a2. r4  } \break  bes8 a4 bes8 a4 g  a8 g4 a8 g4 fis8 d  fis1 ~  fis2. r4 \break  a8 g4 a8 g4 fis  g8 fis4 g8 fis4 fis8 ees  \repeat volta 2 {  d1  d8 d cis d dis e f fis \break  g1 ~  g2. fis8 g  a1 ~  a2. g8 a \break  bes2. a4  cis2. a8 cis  d1 ~  d2. r4 \break  ees8 d4 ees8 d4 c  d8 c4 d8 c4 bes  a1 ~  a2. r4 \break  c8 bes4 c8 bes4 a  bes8 a4 bes8 a4 g8 ees  d1 ~  d2. r4 \bar "|." \midi {  \context {  \Score  tempoWholesPerMinute = #(ly:make-moment 220 4) &lt;/score&gt;
Flávio Migliaccio (26 August 1934 – 4 May 2020) was a Brazilian actor, movie director and screenwriter. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He appeared in more than 90 movies and television shows between 1958 and 2019. His 1962 movie "The Beggars" is thought to be his best known work. An actor, he starred in "My Home is Copacabana" and in "The Hour and Turn of Augusto Matraga".  Migliaccio hung himself at his farm in Rio Bonito, Brazil on 4 May 2020, aged 85.
Jericho Brown (born Nelson Demery III; born April 14, 1976) is an American poet. In 2020, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Life. Brown was raised in Shreveport, Louisiana. He graduated from Dillard University in 1995. He later went to graduate school. He got a Master of Fine Arts from the University of New Orleans and a Ph.D from the University of Houston. Brown was a teaching fellow in the English department at the University of Houston from 2002 to 2007, a visiting professor at San Diego State University's MFA program in spring 2009, and an assistant professor of English at the University of San Diego. He has also taught at numerous conferences and workshops, including the Iowa Summer Writing Festival at the University of Iowa. Now he is an associate professor of English and director of the Creative Writing Program at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. His poems have appeared in many magazines. Some of the magazines where his poetry has been published are "The Iowa Review", "jubilat", "The Nation", "New England Review", "The New Republic", "Oxford American", "The New Yorker", "Enkare Review" and "The Best American Poetry". He serves as an Assistant Editor at "Callaloo". His first book, "Please" won the American Book Award. His book of poetry, "The New Testament", (Copper Canyon Press, 2014) won the 2015 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award. The Pulitzer Prizes' home-page calls "The Tradition" "A collection of masterful lyrics that combine delicacy with historical urgency in their loving evocation of bodies vulnerable to hostility and violence."  Style. The poet has invented a new poetry form. He calls it "duplex." In a duplex poem, first there is a couplet. Then the second line is repeated with a new line. This is "repeated and a new line is added, and then repeated until there are seven couplets of nine to eleven syllables each. ... The first line is [repeated as] the fourteenth line."  Quotations. “I’m more than a conqueror, bigger / Than bravery. I don’t march. I’m the one who leaps.” "A poem is a gesture toward home."
Gremlins is a 1984 American comedy horror movie written by Chris Columbus and directed by Joe Dante.  The movie is about a kid who receives a strange creature called a "mogwai" as a pet, which then turns other creatures who transform into small, destructive, evil monsters. The movie stars Zach Galligan and Phoebe Cates, with Howie Mandel. Steven Spielberg was the movie's executive producer. It was followed by a sequel, "", in 1990.  Despite being a critical and commercial success, the movie had mixed reviews. This movie is one of the reasons why the PG-13 rating was created because it was made as a family movie, but had some violence and bloody scenes.
Henry DeWitt Carey II (January 16, 1878 – September 21, 1947) was an American actor. He was a well known silent movie actor who was seen many times as a Western hero.  One of his best known roles was as the President of the Senate (Vice President of the United States) in the drama movie "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" (1939). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.  He was the father of Harry Carey Jr., who was also an actor. In 1920, he married actress Olive Fuller Golden. Carey was born in The Bronx. He died of lung cancer and coronary thrombosis caused by a spider bite on September 21, 1947 in Los Angeles, aged 69.
Donald Francis Shula (January 4, 1930 – May 4, 2020) was an American professional football coach and player. He had the most wins for a coach in National Football League (NFL) history. Shula was best known for his time being the longtime head coach of the Miami Dolphins, leading them to two Super Bowl victories. He was the head coach of the Baltimore Colts. He played professionally as a defensive back for the Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Colts, and Washington Redskins. In 1997, he was added to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In retirement, he owned many steak restaurants and a line of condiments. Shula was born in Grand River, Ohio. He studied at John Carroll University. Shula died on May 4, 2020 in Indian Creek, Florida at the age of 90.
John Carroll University is a private Jesuit university in University Heights, Ohio. It is an undergraduate, liberal arts institution. John Carroll has an enrollment of 3,650 students.  The university has undergraduate programs in the liberal arts, sciences, and business, and in selected areas at the master's level. The university has been ranked in the top 10 of Midwest regional universities by U.S. News &amp; World Report's annual guide, "America's Best Colleges," for 29 years in a row.
Froilan Cruz Tenorio (September 9, 1939 – May 4, 2020) was a Northern Mariana Islands politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. From 1984 to 1990, he was a Resident U.S. Representative. He was the 4th Governor of Northern Mariana Islands from 1994 to 1998. Tenorio died on May 4, 2020 in Fort Worth, Texas at the age of 80.
Tom Lupo (born Carlos Luis Galanternik; 22 October 1945 – 4 May 2020) was an Argentine poet, psychoanalyst and radio personality. He was born in Charata, Argentina. He hosted the radio show "The Tom Lupo Show". In 2011, he released a poetry collection titled "Giro hondo". He hosted many shows on Televisión Pública. Lupo died on 4 May 2020 in Buenos Aires, aged 74.
Matthew Robert Patrick (born November 15, 1986), also known by his screen name MatPat, is an former American internet personality. He is the creator of the YouTube series Game Theory, and its spin-off series Film Theory, Food Theory, and Style Theory, each analyzing different video games, films, food, and fashion respectively. He was born in Medina, Texas. Between July 1, 2016, and July 31, 2016, he starred in the game show "The Runner". In 2024, he said in a video called "Goodbye Internet" that he would not be hosting the channels anymore. He was replaced by 4 members of the theorist team, one for each channel. He is very known for his FNAF theories. Starting them between 2014-2016, though, be began making theories in 2011. His last video as host of Game Theory was on March 9, 2024., though he would continue hosting GTLive until the end of Summer 2024. Personal Life. On May 19th, 2012, he married Stephanie Patrick. They have one son who was born in July 9, 2018.
Ömer Döngeloğlu (1968 – 3 May 2020) was a Turkish theologian, writer, producer and television presenter. He was known for the religious programs he hosted on Kanal 7. He was born in Zile, Turkey. He worked as a preacher in his hometown in Tokat between 1986 to 1996. He worked in many administrative positions in the public sector for many years. He spent years researching, studying and reading Islamic history and Siyer-i Nebi. Döngeloğlu died from COVID-19 in Istanbul on 3 May 2020, aged 52.
Yusuf Kenan Sönmez (1948 – 3 April 2020) was a Turkish politician and businessman. He was born in Zonguldak, Turkey. He represented Istanbul in the Grand National Assembly from 1987 to 1991. He was a member of both Social Democratic Populist Party and Republican People's Party. On 25 March 2020, he was diagnosed with COVID-19. On 3 April 2020, he died due to problems from the infection in Istanbul.
Aytaç Yalman (29 July 1940 – 15 March 2020) was a Turkish general. He was born in Istanbul. From 2000 to 2002, he was General Commander of the Gendarmerie of Turkey. From 2002 to 2004, he was the Commander of the Turkish Army.  Yalman died on 15 March 2020 in Üsküdar, Turkey of COVID-19, aged 79. He was the first prominent person in Turkey to die from the disease.
Belly (born Ahmad Balshe on 7 April 1984) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He first appeared on Massari's third single "Rush the Floor". His first solo single "Pressure" premiered in January 2007. His second single "Don't Be Shy" features Ninja Sky and premiered in April 2007. Discography. Belly has released three albums:
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, usually known as the TBMM or Parliament is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the only body of government in the country as said in the Turkish Constitution.  It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 in the midst of the National Campaign.  The current Speaker of the Grand National Assembly is Numan Kurtulmuş since 2023.
is a 1961 Japanese action drama movie directed by Akira Kurosawa and is followed up by the 1962 movie "Sanjuro". It stars Toshiro Mifune, Tatsuya Nakadai, Yoko Tsukasa, Isuzu Yamada, Daisuke Katō and was distributed by Toho. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1962.
Mustafa Şentop (born on 6 August 1968) is a Turkish politician. He was a member of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party). He was the Member of Parliament for İstanbul in the Turkish Parliament since 2011.  On 24 February 2019, he was elected as the 29th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. He served as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly until June 2023
Hikmet Çetin (born 10 August 1937) is a Turkish politician. He was the Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly from 1997 to 1999.
İsmet Sezgin (6 January 1928 – 7 December 2016) was a Turkish politician.  He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and Minister of National Defense from 1997 to 1999, as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly in 1995, as the Minister of the Interior from 1991 to 1993, as the Minister of Finance from 1979 to 1980 and as the Minister of Youth and Sports from 1969 to 1971.  Between 1999 and 2002, he was the Leader of the Democrat Turkey Party, but did not contest any elections. Sezgin died of multiple organ failure on 7 December 2016 in Ankara, aged 88.
Martin "Doc" McKinney (born 27 August 1971) is a Canadian-born U.S.-raised record producer and songwriter. He is a Grammy-award-winning producer. He is professionally referred to as "Doc McKinney". McKinney was formerly one half of the of the formed duet Esthero, alongside Jenny-Bea Englishman. McKinney is now a solo artist. McKinney also owned and operated Black Corners Ent, a joint venture through Sony/Columbia Records in the United States.
Gruschwitz Textilwerke AG is a textile industry company based in Leutkirch im Allgäu in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Beginnings. The company was founded in 1816 in the Silesian Nowa Sól () by Johann David Gruschwitz, it emerged from an operation of the Moravian Church. In 1847, Gruschwitz left the company, which his sons "Heinrich Gruschwitz" (1816–1885) and "Alexander Gruschwitz" (1819–1888) successfully continued under the company "JD Gruschwitz &amp; Söhne oHG" . The company was converted into "Gruschwitz Textilwerke AG" in 1906, in whose management the "Doherr" families "(Doherr-Gruschwitz)" and "von Treskow were represented" as Gruschwitz descendants. During the First World War, Gruschwitz employed over 3,500 people.  At the end of the Second World War, all Gruschwitz factories were in the Red Army's sphere of influence and were expropriated without compensation as a Soviet joint stock company . The last 4,000 employees became unemployed. With the help of a few old employees, "Franz Alexander Doherr-Gruschwitz" opened a small twisted yarn production facility in Neu-Ulm, Bavaria, in 1950 in initially rented rooms. Recent history. In 2004 Gruschwitz moved from Neu-Ulm to Leutkirch im Allgäu after the company had previously taken over two other companies in the textile industry (Fritz Zorn GmbH &amp; Co. KG, Leutkirch and Lozetex GmbH Tech-Twists, Winterlingen). In 2005, the operative business was completely outsourced to "Gruschwitz GmbH Tech-Twists", also located in Leutkirch im Allgäu. This 100% subsidiary is a leader in the development and production of technical threads, yarns and sewing threads in Western Europe. Both simple natural fibers and modern man-made fibers are processed as raw materials. Gruschwitz is now more than 75% owned by Philipp Daniel Merckle and employs around 150 people in Leutkirch im Allgäu.