ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The SIR model is a simple mathematical model of epidemics. An epidemic is when the number of people infected with a disease is increasing in a population.  S, I, and R stand for: Below is a graph of a solved SIR model. The bottom (x) axis is time, and the left (y) axis is the population or the number of people.  Blue represents the number of susceptible people. At the beginning of the epidemic, the number of susceptible (blue) people decreases as the number of infected (green) people increases. Gradually the number of recovered (red) people increases. In this particular model, after the epidemic is over, all people have been infected and recovered. This is not always the case; sometimes, some susceptible people remain uninfected. This model is also missing some parts, such as creating new susceptible people by being born and the removal of susceptible, infected, and recovered people who die. More complicated models can include these parts.  Also, this model does not work well for every disease. It works well where people recover from a disease and become immune, such as measles. Not all infectious diseases follow this pattern. For instance, people infected with HIV never recover, and there is no vaccine, so there is no group of recovered people, only susceptible and infected people. There is also the case where people recover from a disease but do not become immune or lose their immunity over time. For instance, when people get the flu, they are generally only immune for a short time before they become susceptible again. There are also different kinds of models when as the disease is spread through the water, such as in the case of cholera, or by a vector like a mosquito, such as malaria.
The Engadin or Engadine (, , , ; lit.: "Valley of the Inn people") is a long high Alpine valley in the eastern Swiss Alps. It is found in the canton of Graubünden. It is about 25,000 inhabitants. It follows the route of the Inn () from its headwaters at Maloja Pass in the southwest running roughly northeast until the Inn flows into Austria, one hundred kilometers downstream. The Inn subsequently flows at Passau into the Danube, as the only Swiss river to drain into the Black Sea. The Engadine is connected by the Julier, Albula, Flüela Passes and the Vereina Tunnel to the northern part of Switzerland and the rest of the canton of Graubünden. The highest mountains of the wider area of the Engadine is the Bernina Range in the southwestern part.
Martins Ferry is a city in Belmont County, Ohio, United States, on the Ohio River. It is the largest city in Belmont County. 6,260 people lived there as of the 2020 census. Martins Ferry is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.
Piotr Ligienza (born 31 May 1982) is a Polish actor. He was known for his roles in the series "Ranczo" and "Synowie". He has appeared in the play "Romulus Wielki" (directed by Krzysztof Zanussi). Ligienza was born in Dzierżoniów, Poland.
Disruptive innovation, sometimes called disruptive technology is the name for a technology or innovation that changes the market: It creates a new market. These new markets are small at first, which makes them uninteresting for established market players. If disruptive innovation is used, the market will grow at a high speed. Eventually, they will replace existing technology, though. An example of this is Flash memory. When it was introduced it was expensive, and capacities were small, compared to hard disks. On the other hand, flash memory is small, and uses little energy. It began to be used in mp3 players and usb flash drives. Eventually, it was used for Solid state disks, which started to replace hard drives. Clayton M. Christensen first used the term in 1995: Christensen defines a disruptive innovation as a product or service designed for a new set of customers. "Generally, disruptive innovations were technologically straightforward, consisting of off-the-shelf components put together in a product architecture that was often simpler than [previous] approaches. They offered less of what customers in established markets wanted and so could rarely be initially employed there. They offered a different package of attributes valued only in emerging markets remote from, and unimportant to, the mainstream."
Ataullah Behmanesh (Persian: ) (April 13, 1923 – July 2, 2017) was an Iranian wrestler and sports journalist. Behmanesh was one of the oldest and most prominent Iranian sports reporters, He conducted the first live sports report in Iran from Radio in 1958 to compete in Iranian and Iraqi national Sport of athletics competitions.  Behmanesh died of a stroke in Tehran on July 2, 2017 at the age of 94.
Joseph Robinson (31 May 1927 – 3 July 2017) was an English actor and stuntman. He was known for his roles in "A Kid for Two Farthings", "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner", and in "Thor and the Amazon Women". Robinson died at the age of 90 on July 3, 2017, in Brighton, East Sussex of dementia-related complications.
Irina Borisovna Ratushinskaya (, 4 March 1954, Odesa – 5 July 2017, Moscow) was a Russian dissident, poet and writer. On September 17, 1982, Ratushinskaya was arrested for anti-Soviet agitation. In April 1983, she was convicted of "agitation carried on for the purpose of subverting or weakening the Soviet regime", sentenced to seven years in a labor camp followed by five years of internal exile. She was released on October 9, 1986, on the eve of the summit in Reykjavík, Iceland between President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. Ratushinskaya died on 5 July 2017 in Moscow of cancer at the age of 63.
Vice Admiral Diego E. Hernandez (March 25, 1934 – July 7, 2017) was a United States Navy officer. He was the first Hispanic to be named Vice Commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). He then underwent flight training and in August 1956, was designated a Naval Aviator. Hernandez died on July 7, 2017 from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 83.
Phyllis Burch (April 13, 1962 – July 6, 2017) was an American professional wrestler active from 1979 to 2013. Burch wrestled under the names Diane Von Hoffman, The Teutonic Terror, and Lady Beast. She wrestled in Memphis's United States Wrestling Association in the 1990s as Moondog Fifi, a member of The Moondogs stable. She also wrestled for the Ladies Professional Wrestling Association, Continental Wrestling Association, and Ladies Major League Wrestling. Hoffman died on July 6, 2017, at the age of 55 after knee surgery.
Elsa Martinelli (Elisa Tia; 30 January 1935 – 8 July 2017) was an Italian actress and model. In 1956 she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 6th Berlin International Film Festival for playing the title role in Mario Monicelli's "Donatella". Martinelli appeared in "Four Girls in Town" (1957), "Manuela" (1957), "Prisoner of the Volga" (1959), "Hatari!" (1962), "The Pigeon That Took Rome" (1962), "The Trial" (1962), "The V.I.P.s" (1963), "Rampage" (1963), "Woman Times Seven" (1967), and "Candy" (1968). Martinelli died in Rome on 8 July 2017 of lung cancer at the age of 82.
Ilya Glazunov (; 10 June 1930 – 9 July 2017) was a Russian artist from Saint Petersburg. He held the title of People's Artist of Russia. He served as a rector at the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Moscow (Russian: Российская академия живописи, ваяния и зодчества). Glazunov's paintings have mostly historic or religious themes. Famous works include "Russia the Eternal", "The 20th Century Mystery", "The Ruining of the Temple on Easter Night", and illustrations to the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Glazunov died on 9 July 2017 in Moscow at the age of 87.
Anton Borisovich Nossik (; July 4, 1966 – July 9, 2017) was a Jewish-Russian start-up manager, journalist, social activist and popular Russian blogger (10th place in RuNet according to Yandex).  Sometimes he is called one of the "fathers of the Russian Internet"or the first Russian-language blogger in the history. He was editor of the largest online news publications Vesti.ru, Lenta.ru, Gazeta.ru and NEWSru.com. Nossik died from a heart attack at the night of 9 July 2017 near Moscow at the age of 51.
Francisca Rico Martínez (13 October 1929 – 9 July 2017), better known as Paquita Rico, was a Spanish actress and singer. She was born in Triana, Seville. She appeared in 30 movies between 1948 and 1983. She starred in the movie "Let's Make the Impossible!", which was entered into the 8th Berlin International Film Festival. Rico died at a hospital in Seville, Spain from pneumonia on 9 July 2017 at the age of 87.
Naresh Chandra (1 August 1934 – 9 July 2017) was an Indian politician. He was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. He served as the 20th Cabinet Secretary of India from 1990 through 1992, the 13th Governor of Gujarat from 1995 through 1996 and as the 19th Indian Ambassador to the United States from 1996 through 2001. Chandra was awarded India's second highest civil awards, the Padma Vibhushan, for his service in 2007. Chandra died at a hospital in Panaji, Goa, India of multiple organ failure on 9 July 2017 at the age of 82.
Karan Singh (born 9 March 1931) is an Indian politician, philanthropist and poet. He was born in Cannes, France. Singh is a member of India's Upper House of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha representing the National Capital Territory of Delhi. He is a senior member of the Indian National Congress Party who served successively as President (Sadr-i-Riyasat) and Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. Singh is the son of the last ruler of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh. In the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India, of which Karan Singh was a Union cabinet minister, abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses). During the conclusion of the Cold War, he was India's ambassador to the USA. Singh received the Padma Vibhushan in 2005. Singh was seen as a possible candidate for President in the July 2017 Indian presidential election by Bhim Singh"."
Andrzej Marian Olechowski (born 9 September 1947 in Kraków, Poland) is a Polish politician. He was one of the co-founders of liberal conservative party Civic Platform in 2001 with Maciej Płażyński and Donald Tusk. He served as Minister of Finance (1992) in the Jan Olszewski's Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1993–1995) in the Waldemar Pawlak's Government. Olechowski was an independent candidate in 2000 presidential election, coming second after incumbent Aleksander Kwaśniewski. In 2002, he was Civic Platform's candidate for president of Warsaw but failed to even get to the second round. Afterwards he began moving away from politics. He left the Civic Platform in July 2009 and started co-operating with the Democratic Party. He was one of the candidates in the 2010 Polish presidential election, but got only 1.44% of votes and didn't get into the second round.
V. V. Sadagopan (born Veeravanallur Vedantam Sadagopan; 29 January 1915) is an Indian movie actor, music teacher, performer and composer. He was a prolific writer in English and Tamil. Apart from articles on music, he has written poetry, lyrics and even a number of stories in Tamil, that were published in Ananda Vikatan. He acted as the main actor in the Tamil movie "Nava Yuvan" (Modern Youth) that had an alternate title "Geethasaram" (Essence of Gita). Gemini Studios started their movie production in the year 1941 and produced the Tamil movie "Madanakamarajan" which became one of Sadahopan's greatest roles. Sadagopan was a member of the audition panel of All India Radio (AIR) and also of the experts committee of the Madras Music Academy.
Daiting is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Johann Roßkopf. In the 1980s part of a Archaeopteryx fossil was found in Daiting. It is known as the Daiting Specimen. Scientists believe that it is a new type of Archaeopteryx.
Jane is a feminine given name: People with this name. Fictional Janes. In law. Jane Doe or Jane Roe is used in American law as a "placeholder name" for anonymous or unknown female participants in legal proceedings.  Jane Doe is used in United States police investigations when the identity of a female victim is unknown or incorrect, and by hospitals to refer to a female corpse or patient whose identity is unknown.
Donauwörth (; Swabian: "Donawerd") is a town and the capital of the Donau-Ries district in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is said to have been founded by two fishermen where the rivers Danube (Donau) and Wörnitz meet. The city is part of the scenic route called "Romantische Straße" (Romantic Road). The city is located between Munich and Nuremberg, 46 km north of Augsburg. History. In 1704 the Battle of Schellenberg (or the Battle of Donauwörth) took place there. This was part of the War of the Spanish Succession, and was fought by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough against the French. The French were defeated and nearly 5000 of them drowned while trying to escape across the Danube.
Casti-Wergenstein () was a municipality in Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2021, the former municipalities of Casti-Wergenstein, Donat, Lohn and Mathon merged to form the new municipality of Muntogna da Schons.
Castrisch was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Castrisch, Duvin, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pigniu, Pitasch, Riein, Rueun, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.
Cauco is a former municipality of the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Cauco, Arvigo, Braggio and Selma merged into the new municipality of Calanca. Villages. Cauco, Bodio, Lasciallo and Masciadone
Barrancabermeja is a city in the Santander Department of Colombia. The city was founded in 1922. It is on the shore of the Magdalena River. It is west of Bucaramanga.
Hainsfarth is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Ursula Seefried. Hainsfarth is home to a large Jewish population, which made up 40% of the people living there in 1810. Since 1710 it has had a synagogue. This was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938, but it was rebuilt in 1996. The village also has a Jewish cemetery, which was ruined by the Nazis. This was also restored.
Diefmatten is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. It is about 15 km west of Mulhouse.
Snodland is a small town on the River Medway, located between Rochester and Maidstone in Kent. It is about 27 miles from central London, It has a railway station called Snodland railway station.
Snodland railway station is a railway station in Snodland in Kent. The station is on the Medway Valley Line. Services. Train services at Snodland are run by Southeastern, They use and EMUs. The off-peak service is: Some trains go to . Some high speed services go between London St Pancras International and Maidstone West. On Sundays, the service is hourly.
London is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Madison County. It has 2 schools inside city limits, London City Schools &amp; St. Patricks School.
Gnetum is the only genus in the plant family Gnetaceae. They are gymnosperms: their seeds are naked, whereas the seeds of flowering plants are covered. Plants in "Gnetum" are evergreen. Most of them are woody vines, but some are big enough to be trees. They grow in warmer, tropical regions of the world. There are over 50 species living. Although some are endangered, the group as a whole are not threatened. Some species are in danger of dying out because they only live in small areas, and the forest where they grow is being turned into land for farming. "Gnetum" may have been one of the first plants to be pollinated by insects, with other members of this group such as "Ephedra" and "Welwitschia". Gnetophyte fossils have been found that date from the Permian and the Triassic. Fossils dating back to the Jurassic have been found, though whether or not they belong to the gnetophytes is uncertain. Overall, the fossil record is richest in the early Cretaceous: fossils of plants, seeds, and pollen have been found which are clearly gnetophytes.
Richard Gilbert Scott (12 December 1923 – 1 July 2017) was a British architect. He was the son of Giles Gilbert Scott and great-grandson of the great Gothic Revival architect George Gilbert Scott. He was known for designing the Forth Road Bridge. He was born in London, England. Scott was educated at Harrow, Charterhouse School, Bartlett School of Architecture University College London, and Regent Street Polytechnic School of Architecture. Scott died in Birmingham, England on 1 July 2017 at the age of 93.
Pierrette Bloch (June 16, 1928 – July 7, 2017) was a French-born Swiss painter and textile artist. Bloch began exhibiting her works in Paris and the United States in the 1950s. The ensemble of her works have their roots in the use of "poor" materials such as ink, paper, mesh, and horsehair. Her work has been exhibited in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. She was of Jewish descent. Bloch died on July 7, 2017 in Paris at the age of 89.
James Bradford Nutter, Sr. (January 23, 1928 – July 7, 2017) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder and chairman of James B. Nutter &amp; Company, a privately owned mortgage banking firm headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. It is one of the oldest and largest family-owned and operated mortgage lending firms in the United States. Nutter was named 2012 Kansas Citian of the Year by the Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce. Nutter Sr. died in Kansas City on July 7, 2017 from stroke-related complications at the age of 89.
Kenneth Silverman (February 5, 1936 – July 7, 2017) was a professor emeritus of English at New York University and a Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer. Silverman was born in Manhattan. He studied at Columbia University. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and has received the Edgar Award of the Mystery Writers of America, and the Christopher Literary Award of the Society of American Magicians. Silverman died of complications from respiratory failure in Manhattan on July 7, 2017 at the age of 81.
The United States Permanent Representative to NATO (commonly called the U.S. Ambassador to NATO) is the official representative of the United States to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.  Background. The Representative has the rank of full ambassador and is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The full official title of the Representative is United States Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.  The first Representative was appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953.
Peter Härtling (13 November 1933 – 10 July 2017) was a German writer, poet, publisher and journalist. He received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his major contribution to German literature. His first children's book, "Und das ist die ganze Familie", was published the following year. His children's literature has often focused on social problems involving children. Radio. Härtling moderated "Literatur im Kreuzverhör", a radio show on the cultural radio station of Hessischer Rundfunk. Awards. Peter Härtling's awards include: Music. Wilhelm Killmayer set nine of his poems in his song cycle "" in 1968.
Lal Krishna Advani (born 8 November 1927) known as L. K. Advani is an Indian politician and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He co-founded the party in April 1980. Advani served as Minister of Home Affairs in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance government from 1998 to 2004. He served as 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004 under Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the 10th Lok Sabha and 14th Lok Sabha. Advani began his political career as a volunteer of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a right-wing Hindu nationalist organisation. In 2015 he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honor. Other websites. Lal Krishna Advani
Hervé Jean-Pierre Villechaize (; 23 April 1943 – 4 September 1993) was a French actor, teenage model and painter. He was born in Paris. Villechaize was known for his many movie and television roles including that of the evil henchman Nick Nack in the James Bond movie, "The Man with the Golden Gun" (1974), as well as Mr. Roarke's assistant, Tattoo, on the television series "Fantasy Island" (1978–1984). He starred in the movie "Forbidden Zone" (1980), and appeared in "" (1982), and episodes of "Diff'rent Strokes" and "Taxi". Villechaize was of French/European descent. He suffered from proportionate dwarfism. In later years, he insisted on being called a "midget" rather than a "dwarf". His height was 3 feet and 10 inches. In 1964 he left France for the United States. Villechaize was married to Anne Sadowski from 1970 until they divorced in 1979. From 1980 through 1982, he was married to Camille Hagen. Until his death in 1993, he was partners with Kathy Self. During his later years Villechaize struggled with depression and suicidal thoughts. In the early morning hours of 4 September 1993, Villechaize is believed to have first fired a shot through the sliding glass patio door in order to awaken his longtime girlfriend, Kathy Self, before shooting himself at his North Hollywood home. He was 50 years old. Villechaize left a suicide note saying he was suffering over longtime health problems. Villechaize was suffering from chronic pain due to having normal-sized internal organs putting increasing pressure on his small body. According to Self, Villechaize often slept in a kneeling position so he could breathe more easily. His ashes were sprinkled into the Pacific Ocean off Point Fermin in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California.
James Stanley "Jim" Bush (September 15, 1926 – July 10, 2017) was an American National Track and Field Hall of Fame track and field coach. He was known primarily for his coaching tenure at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1965 to 1984. During that time, his teams won five NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships (1966, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1978 (tied with UTEP) and he coached as many as 30 Olympians. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Bush died on July 10, 2017 in Culver City, California of melanoma at the age of 90.
Mangosuthu Buthelezi (27 August 1928 – 9 September 2023) was a South African politician and Zulu tribal leader. He founded the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in 1975 and was Chief Minister of the KwaZulu bantustan until 1994. He was Minister of Home Affairs of South Africa from 1994 to 2004. His praise name was Shenge. During the CODESA negotiations of the early 1990s, he represented the IFP. Following the introduction of the universal franchise in the 1994 general election, Buthelezi led the IFP to join the government of national unity, led by Nelson Mandela. Buthelezi served as Minister of Home Affairs until 2004. He continued to serve as both leader of the IFP and an MP, retaining his seat in the 2014 general election. In 1964 he played King Cetshwayo kaMpande (his own maternal great-grandfather) in the movie "Zulu". Buthelezi died on 9 September at his home in Ulundi, South Africa at the age of 95.
Louis Zorich (February 12, 1924 – January 30, 2018) was an American actor. He was perhaps best known to television audiences for his roles of Paul Reiser's father, Burt Buchman, on the NBC series "Mad About You". He played the role from 1993 to 1999. Zorich died in Manhattan on January 30, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 93.