ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Stanley Ann Dunham (November 29, 1942 – November 7, 1995), the mother of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was an American anthropologist. She was later known as Ann Dunham, Ann Obama, Ann Soetoro, Ann Sutoro (after her second divorce) and finally as Ann Dunham. Dunham spent her childhood in California, Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas. Dunham spent her teenage years in Mercer Island, Washington. Much of her adult life was spent in Hawaii. Early life. Dunham was born in Ascension Via Christi Hospital St. Francis in Wichita, Kansas. She is the only child of Madelyn Lee Payne and Stanley Armour Dunham. Wild Bill Hickok is her sixth cousin, five times removed. Ancestry.com announced on July 30, 2012, after using a combination of old documents and yD1NA analysis, that Dunham's mother may have been descended from African John Punch, who was an indentured servant/slave in seventeenth-century colonial Virginia. Death. In 1995 in Hawaii, she died of uterine cancer which spread to her ovaries. Following a memorial service at the University of Hawaii, Obama and his sister spread their mother's ashes in the Pacific Ocean at Lanai Lookout on the south side of Oahu. Obama scattered the ashes of his grandmother (Madelyn Dunham) in the same spot on December 23, 2008, weeks after his election to the presidency. Obama talked about Dunham's death in a 30-second campaign advertisement ("Mother") arguing for health care reform. The ad featured a photograph of Dunham holding a young Obama in her arms as Obama talks about her last days worrying about expensive medical bills. The topic also came up in a 2007 speech in Santa Barbara: I remember my mother. She was 52 years old when she died of ovarian cancer, and you know what she was thinking about in the last months of her life? She wasn't thinking about getting well. She wasn't thinking about coming to terms with her own mortality. She had been diagnosed just as she was transitioning between jobs.
The Canadian Albums Chart is the official album sales chart in Canada. It is compiled every Wednesday by U.S.-based music sales tracking company Nielsen Soundscan, and published every Thursday by "Jam!" Canoe, along with its sister charts the Canadian Singles Chart and the Canadian BDS Airplay Chart. The chart has 200 positions, however, "Jam!" only publishes the top 100 for the public. Unlike the case with its CD single equivalent (the Canadian Singles Chart), album sales are not declining as rapidly in Canada as CD singles are, and the Canadian Albums Chart remains the most reliable source for the most popular albums in Canada.
Wendy's is an international chain of fast food restaurants. It was founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969 in Columbus, Ohio. The company moved its headquarters to Dublin, Ohio, on January 29, 2006. Menu. Wendy's menu is mostly hamburgers, chicken sandwiches, French fries and beverages. For dessert, they serve Frostys, which are similar to Dairy Queen's "Blizzards".
The megamouth shark ("Megachasma pelagios") is a large, slow-swimming, timid shark that was only discovered in 1976. It grows to 5.5 metres long. The megamouth is found in the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. Description. The megamouth shark has a sturdy body, and a fat, round and long head. The snout is very short and wide. The gill slits are quite long but can not reach the dorsal surface of the head. The mouth is wide, with the corners extending behind the eyes. The first dorsal fin is located more closely to the pectoral fins than to the pelvic fin, and the second dorsal fin is less than half the size of the first dorsal fin. Both dorsal fins are low. The pectoral fins of the adults are shorter than the head in length.  The dorsal surface of the body, the pectoral and pelvic fins, the dorsal fins, the center of the anal fin, and the caudal fin are blackish-brown. The belly is white. The shark has around fifty rows of very small teeth on each jaw, but only three rows are usable. Females seem to have fewer teeth rows than males. The upper and lower jaws have a symphyseal (where the two halves of the jaw meet) toothless space, but it is larger in the upper jaw. A difference between the upper and lower teeth was recognized on a female specimen: the first five upper teeth are smaller than the first five lower teeth. The maximum length reported for the Megamouth shark is 5.5 metres (18 feet). Males mature when they are 4 metres (13 feet) long, and females mature when they are 5 metres (16 feet) long. Distribution. Although there has only been a total of 53 confirmed sightings of the Megamouth shark, this species is now known to be found in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. As with the two other known filter-feeding sharks, the basking shark and the whale shark, this species has a widespread distribution. However, the megamouth shark is less active, and a
Toothpaste is a part liquid paste, applied to the bristles of a toothbrush in order to aid oneself with the act of toothbrushing. This substance has several purposes, such as removing plaque from one's teeth, whitening one's teeth and freshening one's breath. Several toothpaste brands specialize in caring for teeth sensitive to certain conditions (for example heat, cold) or flavours (such as sweetness). The majority of these products work by strengthening the tooth enamel, thus easing discomfort and providing the teeth with a protective outer layer. Traditionally, toothpaste has a minty flavour, as this is said to allow a sense of freshness in the mouth. However, fruit and flavours have been popular in the past. Fruit toothpastes, however, are discouraged by dentists due to their acidic and tooth-eroding properties. Toothpaste was originally made by rubbing sticks and leaves on the teeth, but later an American chemist named Greta Senecal recreated the strategy using the ingredients commonly used today.  Swallowing. Swallowing big amounts of toothpaste can make humans very sick and is poisonous. Due to this, the FDA started making toothpaste companies to put a notice about swallowing from 1997 to present.
Karl Goldmark (born in Keszthely, Hungary, 18 May 1830; died in Vienna 2 January 1915) was a Hungarian composer. His music was largely forgotten for a long time after his death, but is now starting to be played much more. Life and career. Goldmark came from a large Jewish family. He was one of 20 children. His father was a chazan to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely. He learned to play the violin and was sent to Vienna to study music. After the Revolution of 1848 the Conservatory had to close down and so he had to teach himself how to compose. He earned money by playing the violin in theatre orchestras and by teaching music. For a short time one of his pupils was Jean Sibelius. Wagner's music was an influence on his compositional style. However, he could not form a proper friendship with Wagner because of Wagner's antisemitism. Goldmark composed six operas, including "Die Königin von Saba" ("The Queen of Sheba"). It was very popular during his lifetime and continued to be performed by the Vienna State Opera until 1938. His Violin Concerto No. 1 was also very popular indeed, then it lay forgotten for many years. It is very Romantic and sounds very Hungarian. Other works include a symphony called "Ländliche Hochzeit" (Rustic Wedding) and several other orchestral works, some chamber music and choral music.
Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, teacher and conductor. His life. Ferruccio Busoni was born in Empoli in Tuscany in Italy. His parents were both musicians. His father played the clarinet and his mother played the piano. They were often touring when Ferruccio was young. He spent most of his childhood in Trieste. Busoni was a child prodigy. He first played the piano in public at the age of seven. Two years later he played some of his own compositions in Vienna. The composer Franz Liszt heard him. He also met Liszt, Johannes Brahms and Anton Rubinstein. For a short time he studied in Graz, then in Leipzig. He taught in several places including Helsinki, where he met Jean Sibelius as well as a young lady was to be his wife. In 1890 he won the Anton Rubinstein Competition with his Concert Piece for Piano and Orchestra. He taught in Moscow in 1890, and in the United States from 1891 to 1894 where he also toured as a virtuoso pianist. In 1894 he went to Berlin where he stayed. He performed as a pianist and conductor and taught many gifted pianists.  He wrote a book called "Sketch of a New Aesthetic of Music". He did not agree with the strict rules that were used by most teachers for teaching composition. He thought that music was "born to be free". His thinking influenced his composition pupils who included Percy Grainger, Kurt Weill and Edgard Varèse. During World War I, Busoni lived first in Bologna, where he was director of the conservatory, and later in Zürich. He refused to perform in any countries that were involved in the war. He returned to Berlin in 1920 where he gave master classes in composition.  Busoni died in Berlin from a kidney disease.  Music. Busoni's music is based on the Romantic style, but it also starts to sound quite modern. He uses a lot of complicated counterpoint. Sometimes it is quite atonal. A lot of
In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues. Organs and their tissue systems. These specific systems are widely studied in anatomy. They are present in many types of animals.
BBC Radio 4 Extra is a British digital radio station. It plays comedy, drama, and children's programmes 24 hours a day. It was called BBC 7 when it started in 2002 and was later renamed BBC Radio 7 in 2008.  Not many people knew what Radio 7 was, so its name was completely changed in 2011 to make it sound closer to BBC Radio 4, which is run by the same person. The shows on Radio 4 Extra are mostly old programmes which were once on BBC Radio 4, although they have made some new programmes. It can be heard on digital (DAB) digital radios and also on the Internet.
Chinese herbs do not grow in China only. If you find the right climate and soil type, you can grow many of those herbs overseas. For instance, American Ginseng is grown in Wisconsin State. The raw herbs available in retail have the following natural features: Herbal tea. How do people take the raw herbs? Raw herbs are usually taken orally by extracting the essence out of them. The natural way being practiced since ancient time is to boil and brew the herbal package in water to get a dark brown solution called herb tea that never tastes good. One hour of brewing should be good enough. Then you drink one or two cups a day. Honey or sugar may be added to make it taste less bad. The herbal package can be conveniently modified by changing some ingredients to make it work for you. So an herbal package is really tailor-made for you only. Tablet form. Raw herbs can be dried and grounded into a powder then compressed into a tablet which is better than buying your own tablets or having to buy gel capsules Capsule form. Raw herbs can be made into capsules at home. All you need is a tailor-made package of raw herbs. Turn it into fine powder with a powerful grinder, and put the powder into empty gel capsules. When you swallow the capsules, your digestive system has to extract the essence out of the raw herb powder. Whereas if you drink the herb tea, the essence extraction is already done after brewing. The herbal solution will readily be absorbed by your body. Furthermore, the herb tea has a history spanning over two thousand years. How many years of history does the tablet or capsule have besides offering convenience? Usage of some Chinese herbs. (A) General Tonics (1) *** (Tonify Qi) *** ren shen 人参 radix Ginseng dang shen 党参 radix Codonopsis bai zhu 白朮 rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae gan cao 甘草 radix Glycyrrhizae shan yao 山药 rhizoma Dioscoreae da zao 大枣 fructus Jujubae (2) *** (Tonify Yang) *** lu rong 鹿茸
Aast, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. Transport. Road. The D311 and D64 roads pass through the commune. Geography. Aast is on the border of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.
Aramits is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France. The people living in Aramits are called "Aramitsiens" or "Aramitsiennes". At the 2009 Census, the commune had a population of 677.
Bayonne (Gascon "Baiona"; ; ) is a city and commune in southwestern France at the confluence of the Nive and Adour rivers, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, of which it is a subprefecture. Geography. Bayonne has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . Bayonne is surrounded by the "communes" Boucau, Tarnos (in the Landes department), Lahonce, Mouguerre, Saint-Pierre-d'Irube, Villefranque, Bassussarry and Anglet. Population. With a population of 47,492, Bayonne has a population density of inhabitants/km2. The inhabitants of Bayonne are known, in French, as "Bayonnais" (women: "Bayonnaises"). Administration. Bayonne is a "sous-préfecture" in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department since 1800. It is also the capital of three "cantons". Twin towns. Bayonne is twinned with:
Biarritz is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Basque Country. It has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Koeppen climate classification).
Bétracq is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. References.
Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. Its mayor has been Mr Francis Pèes (Right Wing ; also Vice President of the Communauté d'agglomération de Pau-Pyrénées) since 2014, a former CEO of a construction company.
Guinarthe-Parenties is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" and the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in the southwestern part of France. Geography. The Saison river, which joins the gave d'Oloron, crosses the commune's land. History. Paul Raymond said in 1385 that Guinarthe had 13 feux, Parenties had 9. They depended upon the Sauveterre bailiwick. There was an abbey in Parenties. Guinarthe et Parenties joined on June 20 1842, and on May 16 1845. Name. "Guinarthe" was called  "Guinarte" (1385 ),  "Guinarta" (around 1540 ),  "Sanctus Martinus de Guinarte" (1612 ),  "Parenties-Guinarthe" when it joined Parenties on June 20 1842 and "Guinarthe-Parenties" on May 16 1845. Parenties" existed as  "Paranthies" (1385),  "Paranthias" (around1540) and  "Saint-Pierre de Paranties" (1612 ). The béarnais name is "Guinarte-Parentias". Economy. Mostly agricultural activities. Monuments. There are two churches in this commune: one is in Guinarthe, the other in Parenties.
Lacq is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. On 1 January 2024, the former commune of Urdès became a part of Lacq.
Ledeuix is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. As of 2017, Ledeuix has a population of 1,032.
Loubieng is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. Geography. Loubieng has a total area of 23.4 square kilometers.
Moncla is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. Geography. Moncla has a total area of 5.8 square kilometers.
Narcastet is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. Transport. Road. The D37 and D437 roads pass through the commune.
Ogenne-Camptort is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. It is made up of two ancient (very old) French towns: Camptort and Ogenne. They were combined (made into one) on May 12, 1841. According to Pierre de Marca, a famous historian, the name "Ogenne" can be traced back to the 11th century. It was first called "Ogene" in the 11th century, then "Oiena" in the 13th century. In around 1350 it was called "Sent-Jacme d'Ojenne", and in 1385 it was called "Oyene." Finally in 1548 it was called "Ogena". The name "Camptort" comes from the 13th century. It was first called "Campus tortus" in 1235. It was called some other names: "Cam-tort" (1385), "Quamptort" (1540), "Sanctus Stephanus de Camptort" (1674), "Cantor" (1755), and "Camptor" (1793.) Two streams run through the town. One stream is the Saley, a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron (a river). The other stream is the Laà, a tributary of the Gave de Pau (also a river.)
Oloron-Sainte-Marie is a city and commune in southwestern France in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. In 1858, the "communes" of Saint-Marie-Legugnon and Oloron were combined to make the new "commune" of Oloron-Sainte-Marie. Geography. Oloron-Sainte-Marie is situated at the feet of the Pyrénées, to the south of Pau, from the Spanish border and from the Atlantic Ocean. The "commune" has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . Through Oloron-Sainte-Marie flows the Gave d'Oloron formed by the confluence of two rivers: the Gave d'Aspe and the Gave d'Ossau that merge to form the Gave d'Oloron. The word gave is a name given to rivers on the mountains in regions of the western Pyrenees. Population. With a population of 10,794, Oloron-Sainte-Marie has a population density of inhabitants/km2. The inhabitants of Oloron-Sainte-Marie are known, in French, as "Oloronais" (women: "Oloronaises"). Administration. Oloron-Sainte-Marie is a "sous-préfecture" in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department since 1800. It is also the capital of two "cantons": Twin towns. Oloron-Sainte-Marie is twinned with:
Sare is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "département" in the southwestern part of France. It is about to the east of Saint-Jean-de-Luz and the Atlantic Ocean. It is in the western foothills of the Pyrenees.
Urdès is a former commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques "department" in southwest France. On 1 January 2024, it became a part of Lacq.
A rocket engine is a device that produces a force by pushing gases at high speed out of a nozzle. Rocket engines usually burn chemicals such as petrochemicals and liquid oxygen at very high pressures and temperatures to turn their chemical energy into motion of the rocket. In some cases (such as the Rocketdyne F-1), the force created can be over . A garden hose shows how moving fluid can create a force. When a hose is turned up, the hose will snake around unless it is held still. The water which is leaving the hose, is creating a force on the hose just like how the gases coming out of a rocket engine push on the rocket engine. This principle can be explained by Newton's third law. Liquids, solids and hybrids. Some rocket engines burn liquid fuels while some burn solid fuels. Solid fuel rocket engines are sometimes called "solid rocket motors". Liquid fuel rocket engines often require complex pumps and valves to properly move (and pressurize) the liquids from the fuel tank to the actual engine. These machines must work in extreme temperatures and pressures. Liquid oxygen is very cold (-223˚C) while the engine is very hot (3000˚C), and the pressure is oftentimes hundreds of times higher than the surrounding air pressure. Because of these conditions, liquid fuel rocket engines are often very complex, expensive, and require very specialised materials (metal alloys, ceramics, etc.). Solid fuel rocket motors have the fuel (called propellant) as a solid mixture of an oxidizer and fuel. An oxidizer supports the burning of fuel much like oxygen supports burning. The common oxidizer is powdered Ammonium Perchlorate, while the common fuel is powdered aluminum metal. The two powders are stuck together with a third component known as the binder. The binder is a rubbery solid that also burns as a fuel. Since their design is so simple, solid rocket engines are usually much cheaper than other rocket engines, but their main disadvantage is that they cannot be turned off, their control is very limited, and they are more likely to explode than liquid rocket engines. Solid rockets also provide a smaller specific impulse (a measure of efficiency for rocket engines), hence must be heavier to launch the
A nozzle is a device that takes incoming fluid (such as gas or liquid) and increases the speed. This is done by changing the size of the pipe (or tube) that the fluid is flowing through. Origine of American vectoring-nozzle.  - Origine of the .
The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp. It was issued by the United Kingdom on the 1 May 1840 and used from the 6 May the same year. All London post offices received official issues of the new stamps, but other offices in the country did not. Some post offices like in Bath, offered the stamp unofficially after 2 May.  Once the stamps were used, they had a red cancellation. However, it was hard to see, and it could easily be taken off. It is not very rare. The total print run was 286,700 sheets with 68,808,000 stamps. A mint condition stamp might fetch £3–4,000.
The Penny Red was a postage stamp issued in 1841 to replace the Penny Black. It was the main type of postage stamp in the United Kingdom until 1879. The design was hardly changed at all.  The colour was changed from black to red because it was hard to see the red cancellation mark on the Penny Black. It was easier to see a black cancelling on a Penny Red. It is not a very rare stamp.
The line of succession to the British throne is the order in which members of the royal family would come to the throne if the reigning king or queen died. At present the first in line is William, Prince of Wales, and then Prince William's eldest child, Prince George of Wales. Traditionally, males came before females in the line of succession. However, the law changed on 26 March 2015, so at present, for people born after 28 October 2011 the succession is decided only by age: older children come before younger children. This system of inheritance is called absolute primogeniture, as opposed to male-preference primogeniture. When someone who is in line to the throne has a child, that child comes after them and their older children, but before anyone else in the line of succession. Excluded from the line of succession are Catholics and illegitimate children. Line of succession. No official, complete version of the line of succession is maintained. The exact number, in more remote collateral lines, of the people who would be eligible is uncertain. In 2001, American genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of the Electress Sophia in order of succession without omitting Roman Catholics. When updated in January 2011, the list included 5,753. The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession, being limited to descendants of the sons of King George V, King Charles III's great-grandfather. The order of the first twenty-three numbered in the list, all descendants of Queen Elizabeth II, is given on the official website of the British monarchy; other list numbers and exclusions are explained by annotations and footnotes below. People named in italics are unnumbered either because they are deceased or because sources report them to be excluded from the succession.
The Two Penny Blue (or 2d Blue) was the world’s second official adhesive postage stamp. It was issued in the United Kingdom in May 1840. It was more or less the same as the Penny Black.  It was intended that the 2d blue was to be issued at the same time as the Penny Black. However the earliest post mark seen on a Two Penny Blue was the 8 May 1840 which is two days after the penny black was issued. The Two Penny Blue is much rarer and more expensive than the Penny Black.
Lucas Sang (February 12, 1961 - January 1, 2008) was a Kenyan runner who raced at the Olympic Games in 1988. He and his team made it to the final of the 4X100 relay race.  Sang was killed in Kenya during the riots about the election. He was killed when a group of men threw stones and rocks at him. His body was later burned.