ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Comparative anatomy is the scientific comparison of animal bodies. The purpose of comparative anatomy is to see their working structure, and to decide upon the phylogenetic relationships between different groups of animals. The separation of animals into phyla is done mainly by comparative anatomy: see List of animal phyla. The main techniques used are dissection and microscopy. Dissection is an ancient method used to find out the inside structure of a living thing (usually done after it is dead). It is still used by medical students to learn about the details of the human body. Simple microscopes were first invented in the 17th century, and the compound microscope (still used today) became available in the 19th century. The purpose of microscopy is to let us see the small details of structure. Also, the careful comparison of large collections of animals (usually in museums) is often done. The great era of comparative anatomy was from about 1800 to about 1950. It was used by those who did not believe in evolution, such as Georges Cuvier, and by those who did, such as Thomas Henry Huxley. Charles Darwin himself used comparative anatomy as the main tool in his work on barnacles. Nowadays, the main method used to find out relationships is molecular evolution, which uses DNA sequence analysis. However, for many research purposes, zoologists still dissect animals. To get a degree in biology, you need to know about the structure of animals (and plants).
List of animal phyla is a list of the major groups of animals usually classified as a phylum. Modern sources have been used: the list is different from that of Linnaeus or Cuvier. A list of this type may be arranged alphabetically; equally it might be arranged according to evolutionary relationships. No list will be completely satisfactory. Authorities differ in what they consider a phylum, and in the actual name of the phylum. Despite this, there is agreement on most phyla. Most modern surveys include groups above the phylum, based on evidence of common descent. Differences of opinion about evolutionary relationships have been reduced by the use of molecular evolution and molecular clock research. These make use of protein amino acid sequences, and whole genome DNA sequence analysis. These modern techniques have led to changes and renaming of many higher categories. Classification based on traditional comparative anatomy had errors which needed to be corrected. For example, the old phylum Coelenterata, which had stood for almost two hundred years, was split down into two separate phyla, the Cnidaria and the Ctenophora.  The following list is based on evolutionary relationships: Phyla. Major groups in large text. Reflections. At least 21 phyla are exclusively aquatic, with several others in quasi-aquatic habitats on land. "None" are entirely terrestrial. This is testimony to the importance of water for life, and to the sea in particular. It is fairly certain that all phyla originated in the sea or, at any rate, in water. Most made their first showing in the Cambrian, or in the Ediacaran. Most of the soft-bodied phyla have left few fossils. Phyla may be grouped according to evidence about their evolutionary relationships. The list above puts similar groups together. This kind of megataxonomy is becoming more convincing as DNA sequence analysis proceeds through the phyla. Some entirely fossil groups are still placed where they are on anatomy and commonsense rather than hard molecular evidence. The trilobites are a good example. Their position in the Arthropoda is based on not much more than their bilateral symmetry and an exoskeleton. These groupings are discussed further in the references to
Orthoptera are an order of insects. The order contains grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets. "Ortho" means "straight", so "Orthoptera" means "straight wings". This means the front wings, called "tegmina", are stiff, straight, and not used for flying. The back wings are membranous and are folded like a fan under the front wings when the insect is not flying. Many species use their wings to make sounds, which we usually call "chirping" noises. Life cycle. Orthopteran insects start life in an egg case. After three weeks – or when spring comes – the tiny nymphs come out from the egg case. After four or five molts, they have wings. This shows that they are adults and are ready to reproduce. Sound production. Their sounds are produced by using file-like edges to their wings, or wing veins. In some groups the wing edges are rubbed together, in others the hind limb is rubbed against a wing edge. Each sound is unique to the species, and its function is identification for mating purposes. It is males which make the sound, and females move towards it. Diet. In the order Orthoptera, members chew their food, using their mandibles (jaws). Crickets are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals. Actually, they will eat almost anything: vegetables, cereal, and even their own mate if they are hungry enough. Katydids are mostly herbivores (plant eaters), though they will eat their own mate, too, if "they" are hungry enough. They also enjoy eating aphids and other small, slow-moving creatures. Grasshoppers almost always eat plants like grass, wheat bran, and lettuce, and they can be terrible crop pests. Jumping. It's quite hard to catch a member of Orthoptera because they jump so well. They have amazing legs - a grasshopper can jump 20 times farther than the length of its body. Their back legs are very large and long. These long, strong legs give these insects their great ability to jump. Suborders. Crickets, katydids, and
Chios is the fifth largest Greek island. Its total area is 842 Km2. It is in the northeast of Aegean Sea, near Asia Minor coast. The biggest town of the island is Chios city. 51,936 people lived there according to the 2001 Greek census.
Corfu (or "Kerkyra") is the seventh-largest Greek island. It is in the Ionian Sea northwest of Greece. The island has a total area of . In 2001, 109,537 people lived on the island. Corfu city is the largest city on Corfu.  History. In ancient times, Corfu was a colony of ancient Corinth. This colony was one of the causes for beginning the Peloponnesian War. Later, the island became a part of the Roman Empire. It was also a part of the Byzantine Empire. The island has been controlled by many countries. In the thirteenth century, the Venetians took control of the island. They controlled it until 1797. During this time, the Ottomans attacked the island two times. They attacked in 1537 and again in 1716. Under Napoleon's rule, the French took the island. They lost control of it to the Russians and Turks in 1799. Control of the island was given back to the French in 1807 and in 1815 to the English. In 1864, the United Kingdom gave Corfu, with the other Ionian islands, to Greece. In the nineteenth century, the Empress Elisabeth of Austria, also known as Sissi, built a palace on the island. The palace is known as Achilleion. The name of the palace comes from a statue of an ancient hero, Achilles. Tourism. Tourism is a very large part of the economy of Corfu. It is one of the most touristic islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Every year, many tourists visit the island. Corfu has many forests and olive trees. It also has many beaches. There are many other places of interest on the island. The city of Corfu has an appearance from an older time. It has many Venetian, Napoleonic, and Georgian buildings. The town is an UNESCO monument. A very important place is Achilleion. It was the palace of Empress Sissi. The rest of island has many villages, beaches and famous castles. The island is also well known for entertainment. There are many places which have entertainment. These include bars, night clubs and cafes. The part of the island which is full of places of entertainment is Kavos. Kavos is popular with English tourists.
Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian car manufacturer created on June 24, 1910 in Milan. Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986, and since January 2021 a part of Stellantis N.V. The company was originally known as A.L.F.A., which stands for Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili (English: Lombard Automobile Factory, Public Company). 1870
A gangster, mobster, or gangsta is a criminal who is a member of a criminal organization, such as a gang. The terms are widely used in reference to members of gangs associated with American prohibition and the American offshoot of the Mafia, such as the Chicago Outfit or the Five Families. A gang is a group of people who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity. In early usage, the word gang referred to a group of workmen. In the United Kingdom the word is still often used in this sense.
Peter Lawrence Buck (born December 6, 1956 in Berkeley, California) is an American guitarist and songwriter. He is best known for being a member of the alternative rock band R.E.M.. In 2007 Peter Buck, along with the other three members of R.E.M., was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. His main instrument that he has used for his entire music career is a back Rickenbacker 360 electric guitar. On September 9, 2008, after a concert in Helsinki, his famous black guitar was stolen. On September 18, 2008 it was given back to him. The name of the person who returned it is not known.
Interstate 20 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Kent, Texas east to Florence, South Carolina. The route is long. North Carolina. The state of North Carolina wanted to expand the interstate to Wilmington, North Carolina to I-40. This was not approved by the government and remains unfunded.
Interstate 29 (I-29) is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Kansas City, Missouri, north to Pembina, North Dakota, at the Canada border. The route is long. Route description. I-29 starts in Kansas City, Missouri. It is a very hilly route, and it is surrounded by forests. It travels north through the city of St. Joseph, and then enters Iowa. In Iowa, I-29 runs near the Missouri River and runs through many cities that were settled on the river like Council Bluffs, which is a suburb of Omaha, and Sioux City. North of Sioux City, the highway curves to the west and enters South Dakota. Here the route becomes very flat and the area around the highway turns to plains. I-29 passes by Sioux Falls, Brookings, and Watertown. Then, it enters the Glacier Lakes area of South Dakota, which is very hilly. North of here, the route enters North Dakota and becomes flat again. In North Dakota, I-29 runs just to the west of the Red River of the North. It runs through Fargo and Grand Forks before it reaches the Canadian border. I-29 ends here, but the road continues north into Canada, and is known as Manitoba Highway 29.
Interstate 35 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Laredo, Texas at the Mexico border north to Duluth, Minnesota. The route is long. In June 2015, the highway was closed because of high water and a rock slide caused by Tropical Storm Bill. On June 18, the southbound lanes opened. It was not known when the northbound lanes would open. Route description. Kansas. Between the Oklahoma border and Emporia, I-35 is part of the Kansas Turnpike. This part of the interstate goes through Wichita and goes through the Flint Hills area. At Emporia, I-35 separates itself into a new road. This free part of I-35 goes through Ottawa before entering the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, where it goes through Johnson County, and Kansas City, Kansas.
Interstate 49 (I-49) is an Interstate Highway in the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri in the United States. It goes from Lafayette, Louisiana north to Kansas City, Missouri. The route is long. I-49 is currently in three separate segments. The first segment goes from Lafayette to Shreveport, Louisiana. The second segment goes from just north of Shreveport to Texarkana, Arkansas. The third segment goes from Alma, Arkansas to Kansas City. In the future, I-49 will be a fully connected highway from New Orleans, Louisiana to Kansas City. These unfinished portions are in many stages of planning or construction.
Interstate 73 is an Interstate Highway in the state of North Carolina in the United States. The route goes from Myrtle Beach north to Roanoke but will possibly go to Michigan in the future.
Interstate 74 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. The main part of it goes from Davenport, Iowa east to Cincinnati, Ohio and will be extended to South Carolina. There are three parts of Interstate 74 that are in North Carolina, with no part being connected now but will be. The highway will not be continuous because the southeastern part will only be built in North and South Carolina. Interstate 74 was long as of 2025.
Interstate 76 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Westfield Center, Ohio east to Bellmawr, New Jersey. The route is long. Just west of Youngstown, I-76 joins the Ohio Turnpike and heads around the south side of Youngstown. In Pennsylvania, I-76 runs across most of the state on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. It passes near Pittsburgh and Harrisburg before leaving the Turnpike to enter Philadelphia. It is called the Schuylkill Expressway in Philadelphia. It crossing the Walt Whitman Bridge into New Jersey. After Interstate 76 reaches its eastern terminus, the freeway continues as Route 42 and the Atlantic City Expressway to Atlantic City.
Interstate 77 is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. It goes from Columbia, South Carolina north to Cleveland, Ohio. The route is long. It traverses diverse terrain, from the mountainous state of West Virginia to the rolling farmlands of North Carolina and Ohio. It mostly replaces the old U.S. Route 21 between Cleveland, Ohio, and Columbia, South Carolina, as an important north–south corridor through the middle Appalachians. The southern terminus of Interstate 77 is in Columbia at the junction with Interstate 26. The northern terminus is in Cleveland at the junction with Interstate 90. The East River Mountain Tunnel, connecting Virginia and West Virginia, is one of only two instances in the United States where a mountain "road" tunnel crosses a state line. The other is the Cumberland Gap Tunnel, connecting Tennessee and Kentucky.
Interstate 78 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania east to New York City. The route is long. On the west, it starts at Interstate 81 northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It passes through Allentown, Pennsylvania, and western and northern New Jersey. It goes in the Holland Tunnel to end in Lower Manhattan in New York City. I-78 is a major road linking ports in the New York City and New Jersey area to points west. Over 4 million trucks use it annually. Trucks are 24% of all traffic. Truck traffic on the road is projected to rise once the widening of the Panama Canal is completed in 2015. With a wider canal, more Asian ships are expected to use East Coast ports.
Interstate 79 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Charleston, West Virginia north to Erie, Pennsylvania. The route is long. It is a primary thoroughfare through western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. It is also an important corridor to Buffalo, New York, and the Canadian border. From Sutton north, Interstate 79 generally parallels the path of U.S. Route 19. With the exception of the area between Washington and Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, I-79 functionally replaces U.S. Route 19. In West Virginia, Interstate 79 is called the Jennings Randolph Expressway. In the three most northern counties it is part of the "High Tech Corridor". Through most of Pennsylvania, it is called the Raymond P. Shafer Highway.
Interstate 80 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from San Francisco, California east to Teaneck, New Jersey (just outside of New York City). The route is long, making it the second longest Interstate Highway in the United States behind I-90. It goes through 11 states: California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.  I-80 is the Interstate Highway that closely follows the route of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America. The highway traces other historical routes in the Western United States: the Oregon Trail across Wyoming and Nebraska, the California Trail across most of Nevada and California, and except in the Great Salt Lake area, the entire route of the First Transcontinental Railroad. From near Chicago, Illinois, east to near Youngstown, Ohio, Interstate 80 is a toll road, containing the majority of both the Indiana Toll Road and the Ohio Turnpike. It also has a small part of the Illinois Tollway. I-80 and Interstate 90 share the same road from near Portage, Indiana to Elyria, Ohio. I-80 becomes the Keystone Shortway (a freeway built across rural northern Pennsylvania.) The eastern end of I-80 is its junction with the New Jersey Turnpike and Interstate 95 just west of the George Washington Bridge entering New York City.
Interstate 83 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Baltimore, Maryland north to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The route is long. Most of the route south of Lemoyne, Pennsylvania is a direct replacement of US 111, a former spur of US 11. The Jones Falls Expressway, known to local residents as the JFX, is a long freeway. It is the part of Interstate 83 from downtown Baltimore to the northern suburbs. I-83 then joins I-695 (Baltimore Beltway) for 1.4 miles. After separating from the Beltway, I-83 is now known as the Baltimore-Harrisburg Expressway. Running due north away from the Beltway, I-83 goes next to Maryland Route 45 York Road, the former route of US 111. I-83 goes to the west of Timonium and Cockeysville. I-83 enters Pennsylvania southeast of New Freedom, passing to the east of Shrewsbury and goes due north towards York. The route goes around the boroughs of Loganville and Jacobus before entering the city of York. North of Pennsylvania Route 295, I-83 is known as the Susquehanna Expressway. I-83 has this name as it passes to the south and west of Valley Green. I-83 then goes north towards Harrisburg. South of Harrisburg, I-83 interchanges with Interstate 76, the Pennsylvania Turnpike. North of I-76, I-83 continues due north, passing through New Cumberland, before merging with Pennsylvania Route 581 in Lemoyne. After merging with PA 581, I-83 is known as the Harrisburg Expressway. The highway turns due east within the merge and crosses the Susquehanna River over the John Harris Bridge, south of Harrisburg's central business district. It ends at an interchange with Interstate 81. Auxiliary routes. I-83 has only one spur route: Interstate 283, a connector to Interstate 76 and PA 283 southeast of Harrisburg.
Interstate 86 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Idaho in the United States. It goes from Declo east to Chubbuck. The route is long.
Interstate 94 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Billings, Montana east to Port Huron, Michigan at the Canada border. The route is long. It is the eighth longest Interstate Highway in the United States and the longest Interstate Highway that does not end in either a 0 or a 5.
Norman Jay Coleman (May 16, 1827 – November 3, 1911) was a newspaper publisher and the first United States Secretary of Agriculture. Coleman was born in Richfield Springs, New York in 1827 to Hamilton and Nancy Coleman. He received a law degree from the University of Louisville Law School in 1849. Coleman then moved to Missouri and went into farming. In 1855 he started the "Valley Farmer" newspaper. As a result of the newspaper, Coleman became an important person in the Missouri farming community, which helped him become a member of the Missouri House of Representatives. Coleman’s newspaper stopped due to the American Civil War, but three years after the war he started the "Coleman’s Rural World". His career in politics continued when he was made the Lieutenant Governor of Missouri from 1875 to 1877. During that time he worked to make United States Department of Agriculture a cabinet-level department. Under the administration of President Grover Cleveland, he served as its first Secretary. His position as Secretary of Agriculture was never confirmed by the United States Senate. He was a member of the Freemasons.
It will also be the first year since 2019 to have all four digits being different numbers. Predicted and scheduled events. December. 500 year anniversary  In fiction. Books. In The Hunger Games, The first Annual Hunger Games begins in this year
There are Interstate Highways in Alaska that get money from the government. Even though these are Interstate Highways, most of them are not grade separated, which means drivers must use a specially made group of ramps to get to the road. They mostly are along roads with two lanes. Also, there are no signs for these Interstate Highways.  The four Interstate Highways in Alaska are:
Jeremiah McLain Rusk (June 17, 1830 – November 21, 1893) was the 15th Governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin from 1882 to 1889. Biography. Rusk was born in Malta, Ohio. He was a member of the Republican Party. He began his life as a farmer, then became an innkeeper and finally became a banker before the Civil War. During the war, he received a brevet appointment as a general and saw action with the 25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. After the Civil War, he became a congressman in the United States House of Representatives. There, he became chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was elected Governor of Wisconsin as a Republican in 1882. His most noted act during his governorship was when he sent the National Guard into Milwaukee to keep the peace during the May Day Labor Strikes of 1886. This led to the Bay View Tragedy, in which a number of workers were killed; Governor Rusk took most of the blame. In 1889 he resigned his post as governor and accepted the new cabinet position of Secretary of Agriculture in the Benjamin Harrison administration. He lived, died and was buried in Viroqua, Wisconsin.
The Na'vi language is a language that was made for the Na'vi in the 2009 film "Avatar". It is a constructed language. This means a person created it; no one grows up speaking it. History. The first Na'vi words were made by the professor Paul Frommer in 2005 for the film. When the movie was released in 2009, the vocabulary had increased to a thousand words. Initial understanding of its grammar was limited to the language's creator, however over time more and more people have learned the language thanks to the continual development of the language. To date, roughly 2656 words exist in the dictionary, with more added periodically thanks to Paul Frommer and active language learners. Websites like "Kelutral.org" or "Learn Na'vi" have learning materials and communities to learn with others.
Kentrosaurus was a stegosaurian, whose intelligence was low among the dinosaurs. "Kentrosaurus" fossils have been found in Tendaguru in Tanzania, Africa. Description. "Kentrosaurus" was an herbivorous ornithischian (bird-hipped) dinosaur, belonging to the group Thyreophora and the Stegosauria (four-legged, bulky-bodied dinosaurs with a double row of plates and or spikes, which included "Stegosaurus", "Tuojiangosaurus" and others). Other websites. &lt;br&gt;