ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Fermi-Dirac statistics is a branch of quantum statistics. It is named after Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac. It is used to describe the macroscopic state of a system which is made of many simliar particles (Fermions). One example is to describe the state of electrons in metals and semimetals, to describe electrical conductivity. Fermi-Dirac statistics makes the following assumptions: The Fermi distribution tells with what probability, a Fermi gas, at a given temperature and energy level, will have a particle in the given state.
A ball valve is a kind of valve that has a ball in it, and the ball has a hole in the middle. When the valve handle turns one way, the hole opens up the valve and water or gas can go through. When the valve handle turns the other way, the ball blocks the water or gas, and the valve is closed.
The Innsbruck-Land District is a district in Tyrol, Austria. It encloses the statutory city Innsbruck, and borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the district Schwaz in the east, South Tyrol in Italy to the south, and the district of Imst in the west. It has an area of 1,990.17 km². As of 2021, 181,698 people lived there. The administrative center of the district is Innsbruck. Places. The municipalities of the district:
Lauterach is a market town in the district Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. As of 1 January 2019, it has about 10,200 people lived there. The market town is in the northern part of the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley between Bregenz and Dornbirn.
Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim, TI (Urdu: فخر الدين جى ابراهيم; 12 February 1928 – 7 January 2020) was a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was born in Ahmedabad, Bombay Presidency, British India.  He was the 24th Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan on 14 July 2012 and resigned on 31 July 2013. From 1989 through 1990, he was the 18th Governor of Sindh Province. Before, he was the 2nd Attorney General of Pakistan from 1971 through 1977.  Ebrahim died on 7 January 2020 at his home in Karachi at the age of 91.
Kennelbach is a municipality in the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. As of 2016, it is the operational headquarters of the sporting goods manufacturer Head, along with Amsterdam, the corporate headquarters.
Alexander Anatolyevich Shirvindt (, born July 19, 1934 - March 15, 2024) is a Soviet-Russian actor and screenwriter. He was honored with the People's Artist and Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR. He was born in Moscow. He appeared in "Grandads-Robbers" (1971), "The Irony of Fate" (1975), "The Twelve Chairs" (1976), "Three Men in a Boat" (1979), "Station for Two" (1982) and "The Irony of Fate 2" (2007).  He voiced Aramis in "Dog in Boots" movie.
Rankweil is a market town in the district of Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is the second largest town in the district of Feldkirch and the eighth largest town in Vorarlberg. Beverage company Rauch is headquartered in Rankweil.
Russell William Bannock (born Bahnuk; November 1, 1919 – January 4, 2020) was a Canadian Air Force fighter ace during the Second World War. He was a chief test pilot for de Havilland Canada. He was born in Edmonton, Alberta.  In 2011, he was made a member of the Order of Ontario "for his contributions to the aerospace industry". Bannock died on January 4, 2020 at the age of 100.
The monarchy of Canada is the main figure of Canada's constitutional federal structure and Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The monarchy is currently represented by a king who appoints a governor general to represent him in Canada.  The current Canadian monarch and head of state is King Charles III, who has reigned since 8 September 2022. Charles' eldest son, Prince William, Prince of Wales, will eventually inherit the position as heir apparent. The monarch is a part of the executive (King-in-Council), legislative (King-in-Parliament), and judicial (King-on-the-Bench) branches of both federal and provincial jurisdictions.
NPC is a meme. NPC is sometimes called NPC Wojak. NPC stands for Non-Playable-character. The NPC meme is normally used to express that people who like the political left do not think for themselves. The NPC meme looks similar to the Wojak meme.  The NPC meme was made in July 2016 by an unknown person.  The first NPC meme was uploaded to the website 4chan, and the idea behind the meme was explained there.  The NPC meme is famous, and has been shown on many news websites, for example on The New York Times, The Verge, BBC and Breitbart News Network.
Egg is a municipality in the Bregenz Forest in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is part of the district of Bregenz. In 1894, the Brauerei Egg was founded in Egg. By now, it is the only brewery left in the Bregenz Forest. The Egg Museum is a regional museum that was founded in 1904.
The Darling Buds of May is an English comedy drama television series. It was produced by Yorkshire Television &amp; channelled and networked by ITV from 7 April 1991 to 4 April 1993. It stars Pam Ferris, David Jason, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Philip Franks, Rachel Bell, Moray Watson, Kika Mirvlees &amp; Susie Blake.
Frastanz is a market town in the district of Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It used to be known for its production of tobacco. History. In ancient times, Frastanz was found on a Roman Road. It was also the site of the Battle of Frastanz in 1499.
Imst is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the capital of the district of Imst. As of 1 January 2019, 10,628 people lived there. It is on the river Inn in western Tyrol, and is about west of Innsbruck.
Elizabeth Lee Wurtzel (July 31, 1967 – January 7, 2020) was an American feminist writer, essayist and journalist. She was known for publishing her best-selling memoir "Prozac Nation", at the age of 27. Wurtzel wrote regularly for "The Wall Street Journal." She was played by Christina Ricci in a movie based on her memoir in 2001. Wurtzel was born in New York City. She had a BA in comparative literature from Harvard College and a JD from Yale Law School. In 2015, she married James Freed. In February 2015, Wurtzel was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had a double mastectomy. Wurtzel died of meningitis caused by the cancer in New York City on January 7, 2020, aged 52.
Still Open All Hours is a British sitcom created for the BBC by Roy Clarke, and starring David Jason and James Baxter. It is the sequel to the sitcom "Open All Hours", which both Clarke and Jason worked on throughout its 26-episode run from 1973 to 1985, following a 40th Anniversary Special in December 2013 commemorating the original series. The sitcom's premise focuses on the life of a much older Granville, who now runs his late uncle's grocery shop with the assistance of his son, continuing to sell products at higher prices alongside seeking to be with his love interest. Unlike the original series, the cast for "Still Open All Hours" includes a more regular group of characters and additional side-plots. It has featured the return of Lynda Baron, Stephanie Cole, and Maggie Ollerenshaw as their characters from "Open All Hours". Although the special received poor reviews, it attracted positive viewing figures, with the sitcom airing a total of 41 episodes across six series to date.
Ethel is a town in Attala County, Mississippi. The population was 348 at the 2020 census. History. Ethel is named for the daughter of Capt. S. B. McConnico. The mayor of Ethel is Gwen Sims. Geography. Ethel is located at (33.123524, -89.465275), along the Yockanookany River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Education. The town of Ethel is served by the Attala County School District.
Forest Park (formerly Harlem) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, United States. The population was 14,339 at the 2020 census. The Forest Park terminal on the CTA Blue Line is the line's western terminal, located on the Eisenhower Expressway at Des Plaines Avenue.
Cicero (originally known as Hawthorne) is a suburb of Chicago and an incorporated town in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 85,268 at the 2020 census. The town of Cicero is named after Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman.
Silvio Horta (August 14, 1974 – January 7, 2020) was an American screenwriter and television producer widely noted for adapting the hit Colombian telenovela "Yo soy Betty, la fea" into the ABC series "Ugly Betty". Horta served as head writer and executive producer on the series. He was born in Miami, Florida. Horta was openly gay. He was found dead in a Miami hotel room on January 7, 2020 after shooting himself, aged 45.
The National Assembly (Spanish: "Asamblea Nacional") is the legislative branch of the government of Ecuador that replaced the National Congress in 2009, under the 2008 Constitution.  The current President of the Assembly is César Litardo, as of 2019. Within Ecuador, the National Assembly has the power to pass laws, while appointment of judges to the National Court of Justice is done by a separate Judicial Council.
Óscar Oswaldo Larriva Alvarado (1946 – 6 January 2020) was an Ecuadorian politician and academic. He was born in Cuenca, Ecuador. He was a member of the Socialist Party until 2006 and later became a member of the PAIS Alliance. Larriva was a member of the National Assembly from 1992 to 1994 and again from 2013 to 2017. From 2007 through 2009 and briefly in 2019, Larriva was Governor of Azuay Province. Larriva died in Cuenca on 6 January 2020 of leukemia at the age of 74.
Walter John Learning (November 16, 1938 – January 5, 2020) was a Canadian theatre director, playwright and actor. He was known as the founder of Theatre New Brunswick. He was born in Quidi Vidi, Newfoundland. He wrote a play based on the Christmas television special "A Gift to Last".  Learning died on January 5, 2020 at his home in Fredericton, New Brunswick at the age of 81.
McCool is a town in Attala County, Mississippi. The population was 103 at the 2020 census. History. McCool post office was established September 11, 1883, with Charles W. Thompson as first postmaster. The town was named for James F. McCool, Chancellor of the 6th Chancery court district of Mississippi, and former speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives. The population was 317 in 1900. Geography. According to the United States Census Bureau, the area of the town is . All of it is land. Education. The town of McCool is served by the Attala County School District.
Kosciusko is a city in Attala County, Mississippi, United States. James Meredith and Oprah Winfrey were born there. The population was 7,114 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Attala County. Name. Kosciusko is named for General Tadeusz Kościuszko, a Polish-Lithuanian officer. He served with the Continental Army during the American Revolution. His name was changed to 'Kosciusko' to make it easier to write in English. The settlement was originally named Red Bud Springs for one of three natural springs that were in the city. History. Kosciusko first developed along the historic Natchez Trace used by generations of Native Americans and later European settlers. The modern Natchez Trace Parkway also passes through the city. During the 19th century, cotton was the most common crop. It is still important in the area. Magnolia Bible College was in the city from 1976 to 2008. Kosciusko is the birthplace of civil rights activist James Meredith and TV series host and cultural leader Oprah Winfrey. Kosciusko has hosted the Central Mississippi Fair for over 100 years. Geography. Kosciusko is at (33.058108, -89.588301), along the Yockanookany River. It is northeast of Jackson and southwest of Starkville. It is 20 miles / 32 kilometers from I-55 at Durant. According to the United States Census Bureau, the area of Kosciusko is . is land and 0.13% is water. Education. The city of Kosciusko is part of the Kosciusko School District. Blues Highway. Kosciusko has been part of the Mississippi Blues Trail since 2009. Climate. The climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kosciusko has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The data below are from the WRCC, compiled from 1893 to the time this chart was created (July 2018).
U&amp;Dave, formerly known as Dave, is a British free to air television channel owned by UKTV, which is available in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The channel took the name Dave, in October 2007, but it had been on air, under various identities and formats since October 1998. The channel's timeshift is named U&amp;Dave ja vu.
Supercell is a company that makes free games. Their games include "Hay Day" (2012), "Clash of Clans" (2012) "Boom Beach" (2014), "Clash Royale" (2016), "Brawl Stars" (2017) and "Squad Busters" (2024). Their games run on smart phones and tablets with Android or iOS. Internet is required for all Supercell games.
Jennifer Johnston (12 January 1930 – 25 February 2025) was an Irish novelist. She was born in Dublin, Ireland. Johnston has won a number of awards, including the Whitbread Book Award for "The Old Jest" in 1979 and a Lifetime Achievement from the Irish Book Awards (2012). Her novel, "The Old Jest", was made into a movie called "The Dawning". Her other best known novels include: "How Many Miles to Babylon?", "The Christmas Tree", "The Railway Station Man", "The Illusionist" and "Grace and Truth". Johnston died at a nursing home in Dún Laoghaire, Ireland on 25 February 2025 from problems caused by dementia at the age of 95.
On January 5, 2020, former Governor of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission in order to compete in the 2020 United States presidential election as a Libertarian. Chafee unsuccessfully campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2015. During his candidacy, Chafee criticized Hillary Clinton for her public support of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and her use of a private email server. In 2019, following his move to the state of Wyoming, Chafee registered as a member of the Libertarian Party, which he announced through an op-ed. On January 5, 2020, Chafee filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission to form a candidate committee for the 2020 United States presidential election. Chafee has said he plans on making a formal announcement about his candidacy on January 8, 2020. He ended his campaign on April 5, 2020, after failing to win any of the primary contests.
Teton Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 517 at the 2020 census. It is located near Jackson, Wyoming.
Infanta Sofía of Spain (Sofía de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz; born 29 April 2007) is the second child of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia. She was born at Ruber International Hospital in Madrid, She was baptized at Palace of Zarzuela in Madrid. She has an older sister, Leonor, whom she follows in the line of succession to the Spanish throne. She attends UWC Atlantic College and has attended since 2023. This year (2024) she is doing her first ever solo event which is hosting the awards for a photography competition named after herself.
Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (Elena María Isabel Dominica de Silos de Borbón y de Grecia; born 20 December 1963) is the first child and elder daughter of King Juan Carlos I of Spain and Queen Sofía of Spain. She is the third in the line of succession to the Spanish throne. She has a younger sister, Infanta Cristina, and a younger brother, King Felipe VI. Titles and Styles  20 December 1963-3 March 1995: Her Royal Highness Infanta Elena of Spain  3 March 1995-present: Her Royal Highness Infanta Elena of Spain, The Duchess of Lugo
Infanta Cristina of Spain ("Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia de la Santísima Trinidad de Borbón y de Grecia", born 13 June 1965) She is the younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía, She was born at ORPEA Madrid Loreto at Madrid, She was baptized at church in Zarzuela Palace.   she is sixth in the line of succession to the Spanish throne, after her brother King Felipe VI's children, her sister Elena, and Elena's children. From 2013 she was investigated and later tried for fraud relating to accusations of corruption involving a company owned by Cristina and her husband. In February 2017, she was acquitted. Titles and Styles  13 June 1965-4 October 1997: Her Royal Highness Infanta Cristina of Spain  4 October 1997-11 June 2015: Her Royal Highness Infanta Cristina of Spain, The Duchess of Palma de Mallorca 11 June 2015-present: Her Royal Highness Infanta Cristina of Spain
Sophia of Greece and Denmark (, ; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family and former Greek royal family who was Queen of Spain during the reign of her husband, King Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 2014.  Biography. Sophia of Greece and Denmark was born on 2 November, 1938 in Athens. Her parents were King Paul and his wife Queen Frederica. Sophia is the sister of King Constantine II and Princess Irene. She became queen upon her husband's accession in 1975. On 19 June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favor of their son Felipe VI. In 2023, Sophia attended the funeral of her brother, Constantine. Titles 2 November 1938-14 May 1962: Her Royal Highness Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark  14 May 1962-21 July 1969: Her Royal Highness Princess Sophia of Spain  21 July 1969-22 November 1975: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Spain  22 November 1975-19 June 2014: Her Majesty The Queen of Spain  19 June 2014-present: Her Majesty Queen Sofia of Spain
Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark (; born 11 May 1942) is the youngest child and second daughter of King Paul of Greece and his wife Princess Frederika of Hanover. She is the younger sister of Queen Sofía of Spain and of the deposed King Constantine II of Greece and maternal aunt of Felipe VI of Spain.  Titles and Styles  11 May 1942-6 March 1964: Her Royal Highness Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark  6 March 1964-10 July 1965: Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess of Greece  10 July 1965-present Her Royal Highness Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark
Infanta Pilar of Spain, Duchess of Badajoz, Dowager Viscountess of la Torre ("María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia y Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias"; 30 July 1936 – 8 January 2020), sometimes known more simply as Pilar de Borbón, was a member of the Spanish royal family. She was oldest child of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She was the older sister of King Juan Carlos I, Infanta Margarita and Infante Alfonso. Infanta Pilar supported the sport of equestrianism. She served as the president of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports from 1994 to 2006. From 1996 to 2006, she was a member of the International Olympic Committee for Spain. Infanta Pilar was born in the French city of Cannes. She lived most of her early years in exile from Spain. King Alfonso XIII, her grandfather, had been forced to flee with his family before she was born. On 8 January 2020, Infanta Pilar died of colon cancer in Madrid. She was 83.
Sermersooq (Greenlandic: [seʁmeʁsoːq̚], "place of much ice", ) is the most populous municipality of Greenland. Its capital and largest city is Nuuk, which is also the capital and largest city of Greenland. It was created on 1 January 2009, when five municipalities were combined together to make Sermersooq. Geography. Sermersooq borders the Labrador Sea to the west and the Denmark Strait to the east. It borders all the municipalities of Kujalleq, Qeqqata, Qeqertalik and Avannaata. To the north is Northeast Greenland National Park.
Barry Strachan Gardiner (born 10 March 1957) is a British Labour Party politician. He is the Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade since 2016. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent North from 1997 to 2024, then for Brent West since 2024. Gardiner worked under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown as a junior minister in the Northern Ireland Office, the Department for Productivity, Energy and Industry, the Department of Trade and Industry and finally in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 was an airplane flight between Iran and Ukraine that crashed shortly after it flew away from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport on 8 January 2020. All 176 passengers onboard and its crew died.  On 9 January 2020, it was reported that U.S. officials believed that plane was shot down by an Iranian Tor-M1 surface to air missile, probably by mistake. On 11 January 2020, Iran said that it had shot down the plane by mistake.
"Tomorrow" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released as the group's first single in 1994. It was later re-recorded for their 1995 debut album "Frogstomp". It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their first of three number-one singles there. The song was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as the group's drummer, Ben Gillies.
"Freak" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released in January 1997 as a single, and was later released the next month on their second album, "Freak Show". It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their second of three number-one singles there. It was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as the group's drummer, Ben Gillies.
"Straight Lines" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair. It was released on March 20, 2007 as a single, and ten days later it was released on their fifth and final album, titled "Young Modern". It reached number-one on the charts in Australia, becoming their third and last number-one single there. It was written by the group's lead singer and guitarist Daniel Johns, as well as Australian musician Julian Hamilton. "Straight Lines" is one of only four Silverchair songs to feature a co-writing credit by a non-member, the other three also being songs from "Young Modern" co-written by Johns and Hamilton.
A spaniel is a type of gun dog. Spaniels were especially bred in the 1700's in Great Britain to flush game birds out of thick bushes There are many types of spaniel dogs, the most popular ones are the Cocker Spaniel, the English Springer Spaniel, the Field Spaniel and the Welsh Springer Spaniel. Types of Spaniel. Wrongly named. The following types are not spaniels. They are called spaniels as they looked like spaniels.
Vincenzo Cerundolo (20 December 1959 – 7 January 2020) was an Italian medical researcher. He was the director of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit at the John Radcliffe Hospital. He was a professor of immunology at the University of Oxford. He was also a Supernumerary Fellow at Merton College, Oxford. He was known for his discoveries in processing and presentation of cancer and viral peptides to T cells and lipids. Cerundolo was born in Lecce. He was married and had two children. He died in January 2020, at the age of 60.
An oath of fealty is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another. In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty is an oath made by a peasant to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties that a servant need to perform. These includes service and help.
Wolfgang Brezinka (9 June 1928 – 3 January 2020) was a German-Austrian educational scientist. He was born in Berlin. He served as professor of pedagogy at the Pedagogical University in Würzburg. He also worked at the universities of Innsbruck and Konstanz. He was a researcher at Columbia University and Harvard University. On 3 January 2020, Brezinka died in Telfes, in the Austrian state of Tyrol. He was 91.