ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Theodore Sturgeon (26 February 1918 — 8 May 1985) was an American science fiction author.  He used a special writing style called "rhythmic prose". Prose writing tells a story, but rhythmic writing is often poetry. His prose text would fit into a standard poetry rhythm, or meter. This made subtle shift in mood. Usually the reader would not notice how the timing of the words changed their feeling. His most famous novel is "More Than Human" (1953). Biography. Sturgeon was born Edward Hamilton Waldo in Staten Island, New York City in 1918. His name was legally changed at age eleven after his mother's divorce and remarriage to William Dicky ("Argylle") Sturgeon. "Theodore Sturgeon" is occasionally misidentified as a pseudonym; it was in fact his legal name. He sold his first story in 1938 to the McClure Syndicate, which bought much of his early (non-fantastic) work; his first genre appearance was "Ether Breather" in "Astounding Science Fiction" a year later. At first he wrote mainly short stories, primarily for genre magazines such as "Astounding" and "Unknown", but also for general-interest publications such as "Argosy Magazine". He used the pen name "E. Waldo Hunter" when two of his stories ran in the same issue of "Astounding". A few of his early stories were signed "Theodore H. Sturgeon." Sturgeon ghost-wrote an Ellery Queen mystery novel, "The Player on the Other Side" (Random House, 1963). This novel gained critical praise from critic H.R.F. Keating, who "had almost finished writing "Crime and Mystery: the 100 Best Books", in which I had included "The Player on the Other Side" ... placing the book squarely in the Queen canon" when he learned that it had been written by Sturgeon. Similarly, "William DeAndrea, author and ... winner of Mystery Writers of America awards, selecting his ten favorite mystery novels for the magazine "Armchair Detective", picked "The Player on the Other Side" as one of them
The Battle of Britain was a continued attack by the "Luftwaffe" on Great Britain during the summer and the autumn of 1940. The Germans' first objective was to get control of the air space above Britain from the Royal Air Force (RAF), especially the Fighter Command. The name comes from a famous speech, which was delivered by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in the House of Commons: "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin..." The Battle of Britain was the first major campaign to be fought only by air forces, and it was also the largest and longest aerial bombing campaign until then. Part I: Strategic targets. In July 1940, coastal shipping convoys and shipping centres, such as Portsmouth, began to be the main targets. A month later, the "Luftwaffe" shifted its attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure, which were other useful war targets. As the battle progressed, the "Luftwaffe" also targeted aircraft factories and ground infrastructure. Coastal radar stations were bombed and so for a time, only one radar mast was standing. The British used a backup system of human observers to get information to the headquarters of Fighter Command. Most historians agree that Germany won that part of the campaign. Part II: Civilian targets. Eventually the Germans switched to attacking population centres, such as towns and cities, as well as factories. After the RAF bombed Berlin, and German air force bases in France, Hitler cancelled his orders not to bomb population centres and ordered attacks on British cities.p305 The attacks on civilians were terror bombing tactics designed to cause panic and damage morale. On 7 September 1940, a massive series of raids with nearly 400 bombers and more than 600 fighters targeted docks on the Thames in London day and night. This was called the "London blitz". The RAF 11 Group rose to meet them in greater numbers than the "Luftwaffe" expected; 12 Group's Big Wing took 20 min to gain formation and missed its intended target, but it came across another formation of bombers while it was still climbing. The delay was blamed on being requested too late. The "Luftwaffe
Thermite is an incendiary mixture. It is not an explosive material, but can burn very fast and very hot. It is made of an oxide of a less reactive metal mixed with a more reactive metal. One of the most common mixtures is iron(III) oxide-aluminium. The iron(III) oxide oxidizes the aluminium, being reduced to iron in the process. The aluminium is oxidized to aluminium oxide. Many other metal oxides and metals can be used for thermite. Some metals that can be used are boron, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zinc, or silicon. Some metal oxides that can be used are copper(II) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, manganese(IV) oxide, silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, or lead(II,IV) oxide. A metal cannot be used with its metal oxide. The metal has to be more reactive than the metal in the oxide, or the thermite will not work. Reaction and ignition. The reaction for an aluminium-iron(III) oxide thermite is this: 2 Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 + 2 Fe It is difficult to ignite thermite. It needs to be very hot. Ribbons of magnesium metal are used. A mixture of potassium permanganate and glycerin can be used to ignite thermite. It can be ignited by a flint lighter or a child's sparkler. It can be mixed with sulfur to make thermate, which makes it easier to melt the iron. Contrary to popular opinion, metals can burn. Common metals need to be powdered, though, or they will conduct the heat away too fast to start a fire. History. The thermite ("thermit") reaction was discovered in 1893. German chemist Hans Goldschmidt patented it in 1895. People called it the "Goldschmidt reaction" or "Goldschmidt process". Goldschmidt was trying to make very pure metals without the use of carbon in smelting. He soon discovered the value of thermite in welding. It started to be used in the early 1900s
Boulder is a city in the state of Colorado, in the United States. It is the county seat of Boulder County. Boulder is in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The city's height is . It is northwest of Denver. In 2020, there were 108,250 people living the City of Boulder. The Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area has 330,758 people living in it. Boulder is famous for its history and its Western traditions. In the late 1960s, lots of hippies moved to Boulder. The main campus of the University of Colorado, the University of Colorado at Boulder, is also here. CU Boulder is the biggest university in Colorado. The city is thought to be one of the best cities for health, well-being, quality of life, education, and art. History. On November 7, 1861, the government decided to build a university in Boulder. The legislature decided that the university would be run by the state. The first building was built in 1875. The cornerstone for the Old Main Building was laid on September 20, 1875. The university was officially opened on September 5, 1877. In 1907, the city of Boulder passed an anti-saloon ordinance. This law said that saloons and bars could not do business in the city, and that people could not drink alcohol. In 1916, the entire state of Colorado started prohibition. In US History, the "Prohibition Era" was a time when all alcohol was illegal. People could not make, drink, buy, sell, or serve alcohol. Prohibition ended in 1933, when the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed by Congress. Demographics. The 2020 United States Census said there are 108,250 people living in the City of Boulder. These people make up 43,565 households. The population density was 4,111.7 people per square mile (1,587.5 people/km²). According to the census, the people living in Boulder are 78.8% White, 1.3% black or African-American, 0.6% Native American, 6
Osteoarthritis is a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff. It's the most common type of arthritis in the UK.  Normally it affects older (73% are over 55) female people. 60% of people with the condition are female) Almost any joint can be affected by osteoarthritis, but the condition most often causes problems in the knees, hips and small joints of the hands. The main symptoms of osteoarthritis are joint pain and stiffness, and problems moving the joint. It makes it difficult to move the affected joints and do certain activities. Joints will be stiff and painful, and may be swollen. The pain may be worse after exercise. It may get harder to move the joint. Cause. As part of normal life, joints are exposed to a constant low level of damage. In most cases, the body repairs the damage itself and people do not experience any symptoms. But in osteoarthritis, the protective cartilage on the ends of bones breaks down, causing pain, swelling and problems moving the joint. Bony growths can develop, and the area can become swollen and red. (Redness can be harder to see on brown and black skin.)  The exact cause is not known, but several things are thought to increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis, including: Exercise or a job that puts frequent strain on joints and forces them to bear an excessive load can increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Symptoms. Some people also have signs and symptoms such as: The severity of osteoarthritis symptoms can affect different people differently by a lot, and between different affected joints. The symptoms may come and go in episodes, which can be related to your activity levels and even the weather. For some people, the symptoms can be mild and may come and go. Other people can experience more constant and severe problems which make it difficult to carry out every day activities. Diagnosis. If symptoms are slightly different, this may indicate another joint condition. Diagnosis is usually done in a clinic. Osteoarthritis starts being suspected if: Further tests are not usually necessary, but may be used to rule out other possible causes, such as rheumat
Sergio Pérez (born January 26, 1990 in Guadalajara, Jalisco), also known as "Checo" Pérez, is a Mexican racing driver. Pérez is currently racing for Red Bull Racing-RBPT in the Formula One World Championship. Career. Pérez competed in the United States-based Skip Barber National Championship in 2004. Pérez moved to Europe for 2005 to compete in the German Formula BMW ADAC series for two years. Pérez took part one round of the 2006–07 A1 Grand Prix season.  Pérez moved to the British Formula Three Championship for 2007. He won the championship in the National Class. For the 2008 season, he compeated in the International Class and finished fourth in the drivers' standings. GP2 Series. Pérez drove for the Campos Grand Prix team in the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season, partnering Russian driver Vitaly Petrov. He is the first Mexican driver to compete at this level of motorsport since Giovanni Aloi took part in International Formula 3000 in 1990. He won his first GP2 Asia Series race at Sakhir, having started from the pole position. He added a second win at Losail, during the sprint race of the night meeting in Qatar. He moved to Arden International for the main 2009 GP2 Series season, driving alongside Edoardo Mortara. Pérez finished twelfth in the standings. His best finish was a second at Valencia. In the off-season, he raced in two rounds of the 2009–10 GP2 Asia Series season for Barwa Addax. He also raced in the 2010 GP2 season with Barwa Addax. He has won four races, and lies second in the standings with two races to go. Formula One. On October 4, 2010, Sauber announced that Pérez will race for the team next season. He will partner with current driver Kamui Kobayashi and replace Nick Heidfeld. Sauber also announced a partnership with the Mexican telecom company Telmex. During qualifying for the Monaco Grand Prix, Pérez had a
Nimatullah Kassab Al-Hardini (1808—1858) is a Catholic saint. He was a Lebanese Maronite father who living in Kfifane, Lebanon. He died in Kfifane on December 14, 1858.  Nimatullah was canonized on May 16, 2004 by Pope John Paul II. He is remembered on December 14, the date of his death.
Dos Equis ("Two X's") is a Mexican beer made by the Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery. It was originally called "Twentieth Century" (Siglo XX). There are several types of Dos Equis beer. The original is an amber lager packaged in brown bottles. Then came a Special Pale lager in green bottles. In 2014 came "Azul". It has a more robust taste, made from blue agave nectar and some new spices.  Dos Equis is well known in Mexico and the United States. This is partly because of advertisements called "The Most Interesting Man in the World". These ads have actor Jonathan Goldsmith and a narrator telling of his amazing exploits.
Berriew () is a village in Powys, Wales. It is on the Montgomeryshire Canal and the river Rhiw near the merge with the River Severn. The village has won several 'Best Kept Village' awards - although the scheme has now been stopped. Main facilities in Berriew. The village bowling green is outside the village on the way to Brooks/Bettws. The bowling green is used regularly. The village primary school is by the road leading to Castle Caereinion.  The football pitch and tennis courts are past the Talbot pub &amp; restaurant. There are two pubs in the village centre - the Talbot and the Lion hotel. There is also the Horseshoes, a little way out of the village. Glansevern Hall and Gardens are also near to the village. The village post office at the corner shop, closed on Monday 20th October, 2008, and a new outreach service opened in the SPAR Stores shop also in the village a day later on 21 October 2008. Berriew is the home of Berriew Football Club. Mirror-artist and sculptor, Andrew Logan, bought the village squash courts and converted the building into The Andrew Logan Museum of Sculpture. The church is dedicated to St. Beuno, supposidly born in the village. Best kept village in Wales. Berriew has won this competition many times. It was first won in 1970.
Harry Leroy Halladay III (usually called Roy Halladay, May 14, 1977 – November 7, 2017), was a pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He joined the Phillies in 2010 after pitching for the Toronto Blue Jays from 1998 to 2009. He was born in Denver, Colorado. Career highlights. Halladay has been chosen to the Major League Baseball All-Star Game seven times, and won the American League Cy Young Award in 2003. On May 29, 2010, Halladay threw a perfect game against the Florida Marlins. On October 6, 2010, in his first career MLB playoff game, he threw a no hitter against the Cincinnati Reds, allowing only one walk. Halladay won the 2010 National League Cy Young Award, and became one of five pitchers who have won Cy Young awards in both leagues. Death. Halladay was killed when his plane crashed in the Gulf of Mexico near Holiday, Florida on November 7, 2017. He was the only passenger on the plane, which belonged to his father. He was 40 years old.
Pacifism is when someone does not think war or violence is a good way to stop a fight or to get ahead of someone and move toward peace. Pacifism was encouraged in the first days of people as a whole. Conscientious objector also oppose of pacifism and conscience for peace. Buddhists believe that war is a bad thing. War can't be solved just by fighting. India. Compassion (or care) for all life, human and nonhuman is central to Hinduism, Buddhism, which was founded by Siddhattha Gotama (or Buddha), and also Jainism, founded by Mahavira. Both the Buddha and Mahavira were by birth kshatriya, the varna (social order) of soldiers and officials.
A1 Grand Prix (A1GP) was a 'single make' open wheel car auto racing series. It was different from most racing series. The drivers represented their nation as opposed to themselves or a team. The series was ratified by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Races were held in the traditional Formula One off-season, winter the northern hemisphere. The seeries was founded by Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum of Dubai in 2003. Tony Teixeira took control of the series in 2006, leading it to liquidation by 2009. History. The concept was founded by Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum of Dubai in 2003. Brian Menell and Tony Teixeira were appointed to run the sale of franchises. Thirty franchises were made available. Twenty-five of the franchises were purchased for the 2005–06 A1 Grand Prix season. It began on 25 September 2005. The first race was the A1 Grand Prix of Nations Great Britain at the Brands Hatch circuit in the United Kingdom. The first season was planned for 12 rounds. Eash round was two races in a weekend. The Curitiba, Brazil in January 2006 was cancelled. Nelson Piquet, Jr. won the inaugural race of the series for A1 Team Brazil. A1 Team France were crowned the first-ever A1 Grand Prix world champions with 172 points. Switzerland were second with 121 points and A1 Team Great Britain third with 97 points. The 2006–07 season started on 1 October 2006 at Circuit Park Zandvoort, and the last race at Brands Hatch on 29 April 2007. Team Germany won it with 128 points, 35 points lead ahead of Team New Zealand.  The 2008–09 season saw the new "Powered by Ferrari" A1GP car.  The opening of the 2009-10 season was canceled five days before practice was due to begin. Due to the series' financial problems, none of the scheduled races take place. The
The Adelaide Football Club, the Crows, is an Australian rules football team in the Australian Football League (AFL) based in Adelaide, South Australia. The club was formed by the South Australian National Football League as a joint team to represent South Australia in the AFL. The Crows played their first game on March 22 1991, against the Hawthorn Football Club which they won 155 to 69, in front of a crowd of 44,902 people. Since 2014, its home ground is the Adelaide Oval in Adelaide, which it shares with the Port Adelaide Football Club. Before that, they played at AAMI Stadium. The Crows have won two AFL Premierships, in 1997 against St Kilda Football Club, and in 1998 against the North Melbourne Football Club. Club song. &lt;poem&gt; "We're the pride of South Australia" "We're the mighty Adelaide Crows" "We're courageous, stronger, faster" "And respected by our foes" "Admiration of the nation" "Our determination shows" "We're the pride of South Australia" "We're the mighty Adelaide Crows." "We give our best from coast to coast" "Where the story will be told" "As we fight the rugged battle" "The flag will be our own" "Our skill and nerve will see us through" "Our commitment ever grows" "We're the pride of South Australia "We're the mighty Adelaide Crows." &lt;/poem&gt;
The Carlton Football Club, the Blues, is an Australian rules football team that plays in the Australian Football League. It is based in the Melbourne suburb of Carlton. The club began in 1864, and its first home ground was a clearing in Melbourne's Royal Park. In its first season the Blues won only one game out of ten. In 1877, the club joined the Victorian Football Association, and then in 1897 it joined the Victorian Football League as one of its original teams. After using grounds in East Melbourne and Melbourne University, the club moved to its new football ground at Princess Park, Carlton in 1897. In 1908, the club added the letters CFC to its navy blue jumpers. Carlton has won 16 Premierships in the VFL/AFL, the last one was in 1995. Club song. &lt;poem&gt; "We are the Navy Blues," "We are the old dark Navy Blues," "We're the team that never lets you down," "We're the only team old Carlton knows," "With all the champions they like to send us," "We'll keep our end up." "And they will know that they've been playing" "Against the famous old dark Blues." &lt;/poem&gt;
The Essendon Football Club, the Bombers, is an Australian rules football team which plays in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club began in 1872, and played its first game in 1873 against Carlton. In 1877, the team joined the Victorian Football Association. Essendon was one of the original teams in the Victorian Football League (VFL) which began in 1897. The other teams were Collingwood, Fitzroy, Melbourne, St Kilda, Carlton, South Melbourne and Geelong). Its first home ground was the East Melbourne Cricket Ground, and at the end of the 1921 season the club moved to the Essendon Recreation Reserve, known as Windy Hill. In 2000, the club moved its home ground to Etihad Stadium. Club song. &lt;poem&gt; "See the Bombers fly up, up!" "To win the premiership flag." "Our boys who play this grand old game," "Are always striving for glory and fame!" "See the bombers fly up, up," "The other teams they don't fear;" "They all try their best," "But they can't get near," "As the bombers fly up!" &lt;/poem&gt;
James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian and naturalized American sports coach. Naismith invented the sport of basketball in 1891. He is also said to have introduced the first football helmet. He wrote the original basketball rulebook and started the University of Kansas basketball program. He lived to see basketball become an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. He taught at the University of Kansas and was a part-time basketball coach from 1898 to 1907. He was also the Athletic Director for the Kansas Jayhawks. He has been made a member of the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the Ontario Sports Legends Hall of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, the McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, the Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame and the FIBA Hall of Fame. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame was named after him. Early years. Dr. Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay Township (now Almonte, Ontario). His parents were both from Scotland. They met and married in Lanark County, Canada. He was not good at school, but enjoyed farm work. He usually spent his days outside playing catch, hide and seek, or duck on a rock. This is old game in which a person guards a large stone from other players, who try to knock it down by throwing smaller stones at it. He soon found that a soft lobbing throw was often much better than a straight hard throw in this game. This thought was later very important when he invented basketball. When he was nine, his parents died from typhoid fever. He lived with his grandmother and his uncle for many years. He went to grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte, then Almonte High School, and graduated in 1883. McGill University. In the same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. He was described as quite thin, 5 foot 10 ½ inches tall and weighing 168 pounds.
Etihad Stadium can refer to either of three stadiums named after Etihad Airways of Abu Dhabi: