ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Friday the 13th is a date that happens when the 13th day of a month falls on a Friday. Many people believe this day is unlucky. It can happen at least once a year, and sometimes up to three times in a single year. Why is it Unlucky? The idea of Friday the 13th being unlucky comes from a mix of two things: fear of the number 13 (called "triskaidekaphobia") and the belief that Fridays are unlucky. For example: Some stories also connect the day to a tragic event, such as the arrest of the Knights Templar in France on Friday, October 13, 1307. However, this story may not be the real reason for the superstition. How Often Does It Happen? Friday the 13th happens at least once a year, but can happen up to three times in the same year. If the first day of a month is a Sunday, then the 13th of that month will be a Friday. Some years, like 2023 and 2024, have two Friday the 13ths, while others may have only one. Occurrence. Friday the 13th is not as rare as some might think. It occurs at least once every year and can happen up to three times in a single year. The pattern is determined by the Gregorian calendar, which repeats every 400 years. Over this cycle, Friday the 13th happens about 688 times. Frequency. The longest period that occurs without a Friday the 13th is 14 months, either from July in either a leap year starting on Sunday (AG) or common year starting on Monday (G) to September the following year in a common year starting on Tuesday (F) (e.g. 2001–02, 2012–13 and 2018–19), or from August in a common year starting on Friday (C) to October the following year in a leap year starting on Saturday (BA) (e.g. 1999–2000 and 2027–28). The shortest period that occurs with a Friday the 13th is just one month, from February to March in
Rakhra (or shortly restated as "rakkar") is anomaly an heritable Sikh family based on village settled by Dhaliwal Jats of Patiala, Under the command of Mubarak Khan Rakhra, who served as the strategic advisor to Ahmed Shah Durrani, an attempt was made by "Rakhda" kinsman to take possession of the area between the "Rachna Doab" and the Jhelum River, which was disputably proclaimed as the territory of their feudal rivals, the Sukerchakia clan  Notable People. Notable people bearing the name "Rakhera" imclude:
Katherine Elizabeth Bishop, more commonly known as Kate Bishop, is a character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by actress Hailee Steinfeld. Based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, she first appeared in the Disney+ series "Hawkeye", which debuted in November 2021. Kate is a young archer and a skilled fighter who becomes a protégé of Clint Barton, also known as Hawkeye, played by Jeremy Renner. Fictional character biography. In the MCU, Kate Bishop is depicted as a dedicated and resourceful character who has idolized Hawkeye since childhood, particularly after witnessing his heroics during the Battle of New York. The series follows her as she teams up with Clint to uncover a criminal conspiracy tied to her past and to come to terms with her own identity as a hero. Themes. "Hawkeye" not only explores Kate's growth as a hero but also touches on themes of mentorship, legacy, and the importance of family, making her an integral part of the MCU's continuing expansion. The series also sets the stage for her potential future involvement in other MCU projects.
The campaign to recognize Nizami Ganjavi as Azerbaijan's national poet began in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s. This initiative, called "Azerbaijanization," involved reshaping Nizami's identity and associating him with Azerbaijan for cultural and political purposes. Nizami Ganjavi was a 12th-century Persian poet. Historical context. Soviet Policies in the 1930s: The Soviet government sought to create distinct national identities within its republics. For Azerbaijan, the campaign distanced its heritage from Iran and Islam while emphasizing cultural pride. Leaders like Mikayil Bagirov promoted this as part of broader Soviet efforts to counter Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism. Jubilee Celebrations: In the 1930s, the Soviet Union organized literary celebrations across its republics. For Azerbaijan, this meant honoring Nizami's 800th birth anniversary in 1939 as a major national event, asserting him as an Azerbaijani figure. Key actions. Reframing Nizami's Identity: Nizami, historically celebrated as a Persian poet, was rebranded as Azerbaijani. This involved including his works in anthologies of Azerbaijani literature and emphasizing his connections to Ganja, Azerbaijan, his birthplace. Cultural Monuments and Media: Monuments, such as the Nizami Mausoleum in Ganja, were constructed, and celebrations were held to solidify his status. Soviet newspapers also played a role in shaping public perception. Controversy. Many historians and scholars dispute the Azerbaijani claim to Nizami, emphasizing his Persian literary tradition. The campaign is viewed by some as a politically driven historical distortion aimed at bolstering Soviet Azerbaijan’s cultural standing. Legacy. Today, Nizami remains a symbol of pride in Azerbaijan, with institutions like the Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature named in his honor. However, the debate about his cultural identity persists internationally.
TheManifesto on Three-Day Serf Labor, also known as Manifesto of three-day corvee was issued by Emperor Paul I of Russia on April 5, 1797. It was the first legal document in Russia aimed at limiting the work of serfs. The manifesto prohibited landlords from forcing serfs to work on Sundays and limited their labor to three days a week for the landlord's benefit. Reasons for the Manifesto. The manifesto addressed growing concerns about the harsh conditions of serfdom in Russia. Before becoming emperor, Paul I introduced reforms on his estates, such as reducing serf obligations and providing financial support. He aimed to improve the treatment of serfs across the empire. Interpretation and enforcement issues. Confusion in Implementation: While the manifesto's text outlined two key rules—no work on Sundays and a three-day labor limit—the accompanying decree from the Senate only emphasized the Sunday work ban, omitting the three-day limit. This led to inconsistent interpretations across regions. Regional responses. Most regional authorities focused only on the Sunday ban. However, some officials, like those in the Vologda Governorate, attempted to enforce both rules, including fair distribution of labor days between serfs and landlords. Impact and legacy. Despite its intentions, the manifesto had limited practical effect. Landowners often ignored its provisions, and enforcement was weak. The document, however, symbolized early attempts to regulate serfdom and influenced later reforms leading to the abolition of serfdom in 1861.
The Battle of Oshakan took place on August 17 (29), 1827, during the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828). It occurred near the village of Oshakan, in modern-day Aragatsotn Province, Armenia. The battle ended with the Russian forces lifting the siege of the Etchmiadzin Monastery by the Persian army. Background. Conflict Context. The war began due to territorial disputes between Russia and Persia, with Persia aiming to regain control over regions in the South Caucasus, including Etchmiadzin and Yerevan. The Persian forces, led by Abbas Mirza, sought to counter Russian advances in the region. Russian Position. Russia aimed to solidify its presence in the Caucasus, utilizing its Caucasian Corps led by General Ivan Paskevich. Despite the harsh summer climate and outbreaks of disease, the Russian forces advanced into Persian-held territories. Battle. Key Events. Skirmishes in the gorge. Russian forces repelled Persian attacks while advancing through narrow terrain. Artillery played a decisive role in breaking enemy formations. Defense of Etchmiadzin: Russian troops successfully defended the monastery, lifting the Persian siege after intense fighting on the surrounding plains. Aftermath. The battle secured Russian control over Etchmiadzin and boosted morale. This victory paved the way for further Russian advances, including the eventual capture of Yerevan later in 1827. The Persian forces suffered heavy losses and retreated. Legacy. The victory is commemorated in Armenia and Russia. A monument was erected in Oshakan in 1834, and a memorial complex was inaugurated in 2011. The battle is remembered as a key moment in the Russo-Persian War, symbolizing the decline of Persian influence in the Caucasus.
The Sehol X4 is a compact Crossover SUV produced by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. It is a modern version of the JAC Refine S4. The vehicle was first launched in China in 2020 and is available in other countries as well. History. The Sehol X4 was introduced in June 2020 in China as an updated version of the JAC Refine S4. The model was also launched in Brazil in December 2020, where it is sold as the JAC T60 Plus. An electric version of the X4, known as the Sehol E40X, was launched in January 2021. The Sehol brand was formerly known as Sol. Sehol E40X. The Sehol E40X is the electric version of the X4. It has a battery that comes in two options: 55 kWh or 66 kWh. Depending on the battery size, the driving range is up to 502 km (312 miles) based on the NEDC standard. Powertrain. The Sehol X4 has a petrol engine option with a 1.5-liter turbo or a 1.6-liter engine. The car has front-wheel drive and can come with a 6-speed manual transmission or a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The electric version, the E40X, uses a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Related Models. In Russia, the Sehol X4 is assembled under the name Moskvitch 3. The assembly began in November 2022, and the model was released for sale in December 2022
The Sehol X6 is a compact Crossover SUV made by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. It is built on the same platform as the JAC Refine S5 and was introduced as an updated model for the Sehol lineup. History. The Sehol X6 was first shown to the public at the 2022 Beijing Auto Show. Early in its development, it was planned to be named the Sehol X5. The X6 shares its design with other Sehol models but has a unique front design. It is positioned below the Sehol QX and above the Sehol X4 in Sehol’s product lineup. Features. The Sehol X6 has a 1.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine that produces 150 horsepower and 210 Nm of torque. It is assembled in Hefei, China, and is also produced in Bam, Iran, under the name KMC X5. The vehicle has a five-door body style.
My Ancient World is a documentary series focusing about prehistoric life. The first episode, "Life or Death", focuses on the life of the first animals. The second episode, "The Rise of Fish", focuses on animals such as "Cladoselache", "Hynerpeton", "Dunkleosteus" and "Stethacanthus", as well as other creatures, such as "Helicoprion", "Inostranceiva", "Estemmenosuchus", "Scutosaurus", "Procynosuchus" and "Eotitanosuchus". The third episode, "A New Dynasty", focuses on a "Coelophysis", as well as the annual migration of a group of "Placerias", and the "Coelophysis"'s encounter of a "Desmatosuchus". The other episodes focuse about other creatures of the past.
The BYD F3 is a compact sedan made by BYD. Its a copy of ninth generation Toyota Corolla.  First generation (2005). BYD started production of the F3 in September 2005. The first generation F3 is powered by Mitsubishi's 4G-series engines for early models.  In March 2014, the F3 was facelifted. Changed new bumpers, headlights, taillights, wheels, grills and mirrors. Its powered by 1,5 liter "BYD473QE" engine with 107 horsepowers, or turbocharged 1,5 liter BYD476ZQA with 151 horsepower. The 1.5-litre turbo engine was discontinued in mid-2015. F3 received another facelift in 2016. The new F3 is powered by the same engine with 109 horsepowers.  The original F3 was returned in 2020 as F3 Classic. Second generation (2012). In 2012, the second generation of F3 was launched as BYD F3 Plus or Surui. Transmission choices are a 5-speed manual, 6-speed manual or 6-speed dual clutch gearbox.  2015 facelift. In February 2015, the F3 was facelifted as "third generation". The facelift included new headlights and tail lights, bumpers and a new dashboard.  Discontinuation. The BYD F3 was discontinued in late 2021 due to decreasing sales and BYD switching its focus onto electric vehicles.
Crimean Estonians are ethnic Estonians who settled in Crimea during the 19th century. After the Crimean War (1853–1856), many Tatar villages in Crimea were abandoned due to migration to the Ottoman Empire. This allowed new settlers, including Estonians, to establish communities. Settlement in Crimea. Early Migration. The first Estonian settlers arrived in 1861, primarily to escape economic hardship in Estonia, then part of the Russian Empire. The migration was also influenced by the spiritual leader Juhan Leinberg, known as the "Prophet Maltsvet," who inspired Estonians to seek better lives in the south. Villages. Estonians established or revitalized villages such as Beregovoye, Krasnodarka, Novoestonia, and Upornoe. By the late 19th century, these communities had become self-sufficient, with stone houses, fruit gardens, and local craftsmen. Cultural Life. Crimean Estonians retained their culture and traditions, including their Lutheran faith, folk customs, and the Estonian language. They built schools and churches, maintaining a sense of identity despite living far from their homeland. Challenges and Decline. Soviet Period. During Stalin's deportations in the 1940s, many Crimean Estonians were forcibly relocated to other parts of the Soviet Union. This caused a decline in their population and disrupted their communities. Modern Era. By the 21st century, the number of Estonians in Crimea had significantly decreased, and their villages became less distinct as Estonian settlements. Legacy. Today, Crimean Estonians are remembered as part of the diverse ethnic tapestry of Crimea. Although their numbers have dwindled, their history reflects the broader patterns of migration and cultural resilience in the region.
Arriva Sapphire was a luxury brand used by different Arriva bus companies in the United Kingdom. History. In February 2013, Arriva UK Bus announced that it would launch a luxury service called Sapphire for its bus services in the United Kingdom.  Arriva launched the Sapphire brand on four routes: From 2014 to 2015, seventeen routes were added to the Sapphire brand In 2017, the Arriva Sapphire logo and bus livery was improved. In 2018, the Arriva Sapphire logo was improved again. In 2019, Arriva Midlands routes 1, 2, 2E from Walsall to Cannock/Huntington were changed to normal buses. Many routes around the country have been removed from the Sapphire brand. In 2022, Arriva started to remove the Sapphire brand, the buses were painted into the normal Arriva livery or they were replaced with new buses. Routes. As of July 2024, there were 29 Arriva Sapphire routes. Buses. Buses had leather seats, free WiFi, power ports, and a blue livery.The first routes operated with old double deck buses and new VDL SB200s with Wright Pulsar bodywork . New routes were added and new buses had been ordered for the new routes, the buses were Alexander Dennis Enviro400s, Wright StreetLites and Wright StreetDecks. Some Wright Pulsar and Wright Pulsar 2 buses had been painted into Sapphire livery. In 2020 some Optare Versas in Yorkshire were painted into the new Arriva Sapphire livery.
Hội An Ancient Town is located in Quang Nam Province, Vietnam, near the mouth of the Thu Bồn River, and about 30 km south of Da Nang. The town flourished as a major international trading port in the 17th and 18th centuries. Merchants from Japan, China, and Europe gathered here, making it a vibrant hub of commerce. In 1999, Hội An Ancient Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its well-preserved Southeast Asian trading port architecture and cultural significance. Early History. Prehistoric and ancient cultures. Hội An's area was home to the Sa Huynh culture (from 1,000 BCE to 200 CE), known for its burial artifacts and trade links. Later, it became part of the Champa Kingdom (2nd–15th centuries), which built Hindu temples like those at My Son and facilitated maritime trade. Champa to Đại Việt. After the 15th century, the Dai Viet kingdom took over, integrating the region into Vietnamese culture. Golden Age of Trade. From the late 16th to 18th centuries, Hội An thrived as a bustling port. The town became famous for its wooden architecture, the Japanese Covered Bridge, and cultural exchange between local and international communities. The name “Hội An” emerged in the late 16th century, possibly derived from its reputation as a peaceful trading area. Decline and preservation. Hội An's significance waned in the 19th century as Da Nang became the primary port. Fortunately, the town avoided destruction during wars and major modernization efforts, preserving its historical charm. Tourism and legacy. Today, Hội An is a major tourist destination, celebrated for its traditional houses, street markets, and vibrant festivals. Its architectural blend of Japanese, Chinese, and Vietnamese styles reflects its multicultural history.
The Kumano Sanzan Hongansho refers to the administrative organization overseeing the preservation and maintenance of the Kumano Sanzan—a trio of significant Shinto shrines in Japan: Kumano Hongu Taisha, Kumano Hayatama Taisha, and Kumano Nachi Taisha. Established in the late 15th century, it managed fundraising and construction efforts to support these sacred sites during their peak as pilgrimage destinations. Historical background. Origins. During the medieval period, funding for Kumano Sanzan came from donations, shrine estates, and support from the imperial court. By the 15th century, these financial sources dwindled, prompting the establishment of a centralized system for managing resources. Roles and activities. The Hongansho organized traveling monks and religious agents, such as the Kumano bikuni (female mendicants), who collected donations through public rituals and storytelling. These funds were used for shrine repairs, pilgrim accommodations, and other religious services. Significance. The shrines are deeply connected to both Shinto and Buddhist beliefs, embodying the syncretic religious culture of pre-modern Japan. Pilgrimages to Kumano were so popular during the medieval era that they were nicknamed "Kumano ant pilgrimages" due to the sheer number of travelers. Legacy and modern impact The Kumano Sanzan and its historical governance reflect the broader evolution of Japanese religious institutions. Today, the shrines are part of the Kii Mountain Range Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The legacy of the Hongansho remains integral to understanding the development of Kumano as a cultural and spiritual center.
The Battle of Nahrawan took place in July 658 CE between the army of Caliph Ali and a rebel group called the Kharijites. The Kharijites were once allies of Ali but split from him after he agreed to negotiate with Mu'awiya, the governor of Syria, following the Battle of Siffin. They believed this was against the teachings of the Qur'an. After failed attempts to bring them back, Ali fought them near the Nahrawan Canal, close to modern-day Baghdad. Of the 4,000 rebels, about 1,200 accepted amnesty, while the rest, around 2,800, were killed in the battle. Some sources say the number of rebel casualties was between 1,500 and 1,800. The battle caused a permanent divide between the Kharijites and the rest of the Muslims, who the Kharijites called apostates. Even though they were defeated, the Kharijites kept attacking towns for years. Ali was eventually killed by a Kharijite in January 661. Background. After Uthman, the third Caliph, was assassinated in 656, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, became the new Caliph. However, his leadership was challenged by Muhammad's widow A'isha and some of his companions, including Talha and Zubayr. Mu'awiya, the governor of Syria and a relative of Uthman, also opposed Ali, demanding justice for Uthman's death. Ali defeated Talha and Zubayr in the Battle of the Camel but faced a stalemate against Mu'awiya at the Battle of Siffin in 657, leading to an arbitration process to resolve the conflict. The arbitration created division within Ali's army. A group of soldiers, later known as the Kharijites, criticized Ali for agreeing to arbitration, believing only God should decide the matter. About 12,000 soldiers defected and camped near Kufa at Harura. After some time, Ali persuaded them to return to Kufa, but they demanded that the war against Mu'awiya resume after six months, which Ali
A pitched-brick vault is a vault made laying bricks against an existing wall. This allows to complete the vault without using any other support. Examples have been found in archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia dating to the 2nd and 3rd millennium BCE, which were set in plaster.
Mythology. Agnivanshi Sial - Agnivanshi Sial are descendant of parmar Rai sankar.  Nagvanshi Sial - Nagvanshi Sial are descendant of Shavala snake son of kadru.  Chandravanshi Sial - According to Shrimad bhagwatam and other book they are descendent of yadav Rajkumaar syala.  Suryavanshi Sial - according to great text they are direct descendants of lord Sri Ram.  Reality. A Scythian tribe extending from the epic times to the present date called successively Silwa, Śâla or Shala, Sarya or Sarwya and Sial.
A tile vault is a vault built setting thin bricks by their edges with quick plaster, following a predefined curve to create a thin and light vault. The oldest tiled vaults date back to Islamic architecture. Not to be confused with pitched-brick vaults.
The RPK-74 is a Russian light machine gun. It is a version of the AK-74 assault rifle. It is the same caliber as the latter: the 5.45 × 39mm. It uses 45 or 75 round magazines, but can also use compatible 30 round AK-74 magazines. Its barrel is longer and reinforced.
The Sehol X7 is a mid-size Crossover SUV produced by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. It was launched in 2020 and is an updated version of the previous model, the JAC Refine S7. History. The Sehol X7 was first introduced under the Jiayue brand as the Jiayue X7 in 2020. It was developed as an extensive update to the JAC Refine S7. In October 2020, the Jiayue brand was discontinued, in 2021 and the model was rebranded as the Sol X7. In the same year JAC restructured its brands, and the model was marketed as the Sehol X7. In Iran the X7 is sold under the KMC K7 name.. Features. The Sehol X7 offers two engine options: a 1.5-liter turbo engine producing 174 hp and a 2.0-liter turbo engine with 190 hp. Both engines are paired with a 6-speed dual-clutch transmission.