ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The arrondissement of Gex is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital is the city of Gex. It corresponds approximately to the historical region of the Pays de Gex. History. When the Ain department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Gex was not part of that original department; the "arrondissement" was created in 1815. In 1926, the "arrondissement" was eliminated but in 1933 it became again an "arrondissement" of the Ain department. Geography. It is found in the northeastern part of the department with an area of , the smallest "arrondissement" of the department. It has 89,200 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" of Gex is bordered to the north and northwest by the Jura department, to the northeast and east by Switzerland, to the southeast by the Haute-Savoie department and to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Nantua. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Gex, there are 3 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Gex (7 "communes"), Saint-Genis-Pouilly (4 "communes") and Thoiry (16 "communes"). The canton of Bellegarde-sur-Valserine has 1 "commune" in the "arrondissement" of Belley, 2 in Gex and 11 in the "arrondissement" of Nantua. Communes. The "arrondissement" of Gex has 27 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
Jemaa el-Fnaa (Arabic: ساحة جامع الفناء "saaHat jamaaʻ al-fanâʼ", also Jamaa el Fna, Djema el-Fna or Djemaa el-Fnaa) is a famous square in Old city of Marrakesh, Morocco. 2011 bombings. On April 28, 2011 an explosion originated at the cafe "Aragana" in the square. 17 people were killed while 25 were wounded in the blast. According to local media reports, one source of the blast was a gas pipe.
An obstacle course is a series of obstacles a person, vehicle or team must navigate. This is usually while being timed. Obstacle courses can include running, climbing, jumping, crawling, swimming, and balanceing with the aim of testing speed and endurance. Sometimes a course involves mental tests. In an off-road obstacle course, the driver is presented with a variety of different terrain to get over, around or through. Types of courses. Military. The military/Army obstacle course is used (mostly in recruit training). The purpose is to familiarize recruits with the kind of military tactics they will use in combat. It is also for physical fitness, building teamwork, and evaluating problem solving skills. Typical courses involve obstacles the participants must climb over, crawl under, balance, hang, jump, etc. Puddles of muddy water, ropes, nets, and "no touch" restrictions are often used to make the course more difficult.  Off-road. Off-road obstacle courses may be set up with a variety of different challenging situations. More common obstacles are hills, rockcrawling gates, log crawls, and mud pits. Some include underground tunnels, balance beams and water slides. Others are for the purposes of teaching high-speed driving on unimproved roads. Features include different kinds of turns, changes in elevation, navigating high speed straightaways and maneuvering vehicles through tight S-turns (so called because from above they resemble a letter "s").
The furcula ("little fork" in Latin) is commonly called the wishbone. It is a forked bone in birds and some extinct dinosaurs. It is a strut between a bird's shoulders, and connects to each of the bird's scapulae (shoulder blades). A strut is a structure which resists compression (pushing together) along its length. It is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles (collarbones). In birds, its main function is to strengthen the thoracic skeleton to withstand the forces of flight. X-ray films of starlings in flight have shown that the furcula expands when the wings are pulled downward, and snaps back as they are raised. Acting like a spring, the furcula stores some of the energy generated by contraction of the breast muscles. Then it releases the energy during the upstroke as the furcula snaps back to the normal position. This, in turn, draws the shoulders toward the midline of the body. Surprisingly, the furcula is not essential for flying, and there are a number of birds which can fly well, but have a reduced furcula, or none at all. Several groups of theropod dinosaurs had furculae.
Bartosz Kamil Kurek (born 29 August 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team and Japanese club JT Thunders Hiroshima, a participant of the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2009 European Champion, a gold medalist of the 2012 World League, a silver medalist of the 2011 World Cup, a bronze medalist of the 2011 World League, 2011 European Championship and 2015 World Cup, three-time Polish Champion (2009, 2010, 2011) and Italian Champion (2014). He also won the 2018 World Champion title as well as the 2009 and the 2023 European Championship titles.
Frans Jeppsson Wall (born 19 December 1998), more commonly known as Frans, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. He won Melodifestivalen 2016 and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden with the song "If I Were Sorry". He is of both English and Nigerian descent.
The Eurovision Song Contest 2016 was the 61st edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It was held in Stockholm, Sweden in May 2016. Forty two countries participated, and Australia participated for the second time. The winner was Jamala with the song 1944 representing Ukraine. People around the world watched the contest on television, and people in the participating countries could vote on their telephones for their favourite song. Each country added up their votes, and gave 1-8, 10 and 12 points to their favourite countries.
The arrondissement of Bourg-en-Bresse is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Bourg-en-Bresse. History. When the Ain department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse was part of that original department. Geography. It is found in the western half of the department with an area of , the largest "arrondissement" of the department. It is the "arrondissement" with more people living in it, with 354,177 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse is bordered to the northwest by the Saône-et-Loire department, to the northeast by the Jura department, to the west by the "arrondissements" of Nantua and Belley, and to the southwest by the Rhône department. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse, there are 12 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": The canton of Lagnieu has 22 "communes" in the "arrondissement" of Belley and 4 in the "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse; and the canton of Pont-d'Ain has 4 "communes" in Bourg-en-Bresse and 20 in the "arrondissement" of Nantua. Communes. The "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse has 201 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
There are 4 arrondissements in the Ain department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The 4 arrondissements of Ain are: History. Since its creation, the Ain department has had some changes:
Mustafa Badreddine, (‎; 6 April 1961 – c. 12 May 2016), also known as Mustafa Badr Al Din, Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mustafa Youssef Badreddine, Sami Issa and Elias Fouad Saab, was a Lebanese military leader. He was a member of Hezbollah. He was both the cousin and brother-in-law of late Imad Mugniyah. He was nicknamed Dhu al-Fiqar. Badreddine escaped from the prison in 1990 during the invasion of Kuwait or the Iraqis released the imprisoned Badreddine and the others. On 12 May 2016, it was said that Badreddine had been killed by an explosion causes by an airstrike near the Damascus International Airport. The cause and timing of which is unclear.
Rodrigo Federico Espíndola (29 July 1989 – 13 May 2016) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played for Chacarita Juniors, Racing Club and most notably Nueva Chicago. He played as a defender. He was born in Monte Grande, Argentina. He began his career in 2009. Espíndola died on 13 May 2016 after being shot during a robbery in Monte Grande, Argentina, aged 26.
Jean François de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles 28 August 1658 - 23 June 1692) was a French nobleman and was known by his title of "Marquis of Noailles" ("marquis de Noailles") He was a member of the influential House of Noailles. He was also a "Maréchal de camp"  Children. Noailles married Marguerite Thérèse Rouillé in 1687 and had two daughters.
École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. Its different curricula lead to the following French &amp; European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSTA Bretagne. It is in Brest. Most of the 900 graduate engineer students at ENSTA Bretagne live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports. Research labs. Research activities at ENSTA Bretagne relate to the following topics:
Edith Madeleine Carroll (26 February 1906 – 2 October 1987) was an English and American actress. At the peak of her success, she (at that time) was the highest paid actress in the world. She earned just over $250,000 in 1938. She acted in movies and radio. She starred in several Alfred Hitchcock thrillers including "The 39 Steps" (1935) and "Secret Agent". She also played Gail in "Honeymoon in Bali" (1939). Carroll was born in West Bromwich, England. She died from pancreatic cancer at age 81 in Marbella, Spain.
Gertrude Lawrence (4 July 1898 – 6 September 1952) was an English actress, singer, dancer and musical theater performer. She appeared on stage in Broadway, New York City and West End, London. Lawrence was in the children's play "Where the Rainbow Ends". She also acted in "The King and I". She won a Tony Award for that performance. In 1928–29 she starred in the stage play "Treasure Girl". Her best-known American movie role was in "The Glass Menagerie". She played Amanda Wingfield, who had a southern American accent. On 16 August 1952, Lawrence fainted backstage. The doctors said she was suffering from hepatitis. Lawrence was born in London, England. She died from abdominal and liver cancer in New York City at age 54.
A roll cage is a specially designed protective frame built in (or sometimes around) the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Generally made of welded steel tubing, a roll cage is a safety feature in the event of a rollover or crash. Roll cages are used mainly in auto racing and off-road sports such as rockcrawling. The roll cage also stiffens and adds strength to the vehicle which improves handling. When the cage is constructed on the outside of a vehicle it is usually called an "exo-cage". Designs. There are many different roll cage designs depending on the application. Different racing organizations have differing requirements and regulations for roll cages. A roll bar is a single bar behind the driver that provides some protection. Due to the lack of a protective top, some modern convertibles use a strong windshield frame which acts as a roll bar. Also, a roll hoop may be placed behind both front headrests. A newer form of rollover protection, pioneered on the Mercedes-Benz R129 in 1989, are hidden roll hoops. When sensors detect the vehicle is about to roll over, the roll hoops quickly extend and lock in place. Cars that have this kind of "deployable rollover protection" system include the Peugeot 307 CC, Volvo C70, Mercedes-Benz SL 500, and Jaguar XK. Roll bars are also used historically on row crop tractors, and roll cages are common as part of the cab on modern tractors. Construction. A roll cage is not just steel tubing welded together. It must be designed to hold the weight of the vehicle should it roll over or land upside down. A basic roll bar usually has 4 points of contact with the vehicle chassis. A typical roll cage may be an 8-point or more design. In many cases a roll cage designed for a particular car or truck may be purchased from a professional roll cage manufacturer. Kits are available which are easier to transport and must be welded together inside the vehicle.
Moab is a city in Grand County, in eastern Utah, United States. The population was 5,366 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat and largest city in Grand County. Moab attracts a large number of tourists every year. Many come to visit the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the large number of trails. It also attracts many off-roaders who come for the annual Easter Jeep Safari. History. Early years. The Biblical name Moab refers to an area of land located on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Some historians believe the city in Utah came to use this name because of William Pierce, the first postmaster. He believed that the biblical Moab and this part of Utah were both "the far country". However, others believe the name has Paiute origins, referring to the word "moapa" meaning mosquito. Some of the area's early residents attempted to change the city's name because in the Christian Bible, Moabites are demeaned as being incestuous and idolatrous. One petition in 1890 had 59 signatures and requested a name change to Vina. Another effort attempted to change the name to Uvadalia. Both attempts failed. During the period between 1829 and the early 1850s, the area around what is now Moab served as the Colorado River crossing along the Old Spanish Trail. Latter-day Saint settlers attempted to establish a trading post at the river crossing called "Elk Mountain Mission" in April 1855. The purpose was to trade with travellers attempting to cross the river. Forty men were called on this mission. There were repeated attacks by Native Americans, including one on September 23, 1855 in which James Hunt, companion to Peter Stubbs, was shot and killed. After this last attack, the fort was abandoned. A new round of settlers established a permanent settlement in 1878. Moab was incorporated as a town on December 20, 1902. In 1883 the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad main line was built across eastern Utah. The rail line did not pass through Moab. Instead
Grand County is a county located in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,669. Its county seat and largest city is Moab. The county was named for the Colorado River, which at the time of statehood was known as the Grand River. It is west from the Colorado state line. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.3%) is water. The Green River forms the western boundary and Colorado lies on the eastern boundary. The Colorado River flows through the southeast corner. Deserts, cliffs and plateaus make up the scenery, with few settlements apart from the city of Moab, a Colorado River oasis. Arches National Park lies in the southern part of the county, just north of Moab. Also, the northernmost extension of Canyonlands National Park lies in the southwest corner of the county. Demographics. In the 2020 census, there were 9,669 people, 4,006 households, and 2,416 families living in Grand County. The population density was 2.6 people per square mile (1.0/km²). There were 5,192 housing units. The breakdown by race was 80.8% White, 3.9% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.8% Black, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.9% from one other race, and 8.7% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos made up 12.7% of the people. The median (middle) age was 40.5 years. The age breakdown was 21.2% under age 18, 18.6% from 18 to 65, and 60.2% over 65. The gender breakdown was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. Of the households, 28.2% had children under age 18, 41.8% had a married couple, 9.1% had an unmarried couple, 27.2% had
Fabrice "Fab" Morvan (born 14 May 1966) is a French singer-songwriter, dancer and model. He was half of pop duo Milli Vanilli, with Rob Pilatus. The duo sold multi-platinum albums around the world. But in the early 1990s, he and Pilatus were involved in one of the largest scandals in the history of pop music. It was revealed that neither he nor Pilatus really sang on any of Milli Vanilli's music whatsoever, but were lip synching. After the scandal, the duo got themselves back together as Rob &amp; Fab, though with limited success. Pilatus died of an overdose in 1998. Morvan had a solo comeback in the 2000s, with his album "Love Revolution". Morvan was born in Paris, France.
The Easter Jeep Safari is an annual event hosted by the Red Rock 4-Wheelers off-road club. Four-wheelers come from all parts of the United States and other countries to challenge the rough terrain of the backcountry in the Moab, Utah area. While the title does say it is a festival of Jeeps, there are no restrictions on vehicle make or models used. However, all vehicles are expected to have high ground clearance Four-wheel drive vehicles with two-speed transfer cases. No ATV's or UTV's are allowed. The Easter Weekend safari lasts for nine days, going through Easter Sunday. Expeditions. When going 4-wheeling, people can either go alone, or join up in a group. Groups usually meet up early in the day, at a certain location in the city. First waivers are signed and collected, then the drivers are given instruction and told to comply with any and all Bureau of Land Management regulations (i.e. stay on the trail, avoid walking on protected soil, etc.). Groups will then head out to the trails for the day. Once a group arrives at a trail, they will partially deflate ("air down") their tires to get better traction on sand or slick rock. Once the air down is completed they will begin through the trail and depending on the trail and the number of stops, it can take anywhere from a few hours to all day. Many groups do radio introductions, over the CB radio, where a person (often the driver) will introduce his/her self and any passengers in the car. They may also tell if they have driven the trail before, or if it's their first time. When a group approaches a really difficult obstacle, a few will get out and act as a spotter to ensure everyone makes it up or down safely. Groups will usually stop around noon or 1:00 P.M. for a lunch break. Drivers and passengers usually chat, take pictures, or do some work on their Jeep/4X4 vehicle. Once lunch is completed they will take off again. Trails. Trails rank from easy to difficult (1 through 5). The classification system is the same used in skiing: Circle is Easy, Square is Moderate, and Diamond is
Christy O'Connor (21 December 1924 – 14 May 2016) was an Irish professional golfer. He was one of the leading golfers on the British and Irish circuit from the mid-1950s. He was born in Galway, Ireland. O'Connor won over 20 important British and Irish tournaments and finished in the top 10 in the Open Championship 10 times.  In team events he played in 10 successive Ryder Cup matches and played in 15 Canada Cup/World Cup matches for Ireland, winning the Canada Cup in 1958 in partnership with Harry Bradshaw. His nephew was golfer Christy O'Connor Jnr who died in January 2016. O'Connor Snr died at the age of 91 in a hospital in Dublin, on 14 May 2016.
Darwyn Cooke (November 16, 1962 – May 14, 2016) was a Canadian comic book writer, artist, cartoonist and animator. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He was known for his work on the comic books "Catwoman", ', "The Spirit" and '.  Cooke died at his home in Florida after suffering from lung cancer on May 14, 2016, aged 53.
Unknown Worlds Entertainment is an independent game development company. It is based in San Francisco, California. The company wants to "unite the world through play". They are best known for "Natural Selection". History. Unknown Worlds was created in 2001. They started development of a free mod Natural Selection. They decided to create the second game "Natural Selection 2". They soon after officially created Unknown Worlds Entertainment. To help raise money for "Natural Selection 2", they created "Zen of Sudoku" in November 2006. Soon after, a small group of investors backed the project after a meeting at GDC in San Francisco. In October 2006, Max McGuire became the first employee. He became the Technical Director. A year later, they released "Decoda", a commercial debugger. The studio later switched from the Source Engine to their own engine, which was named "Evolution". It was later changed to "Spark" because "Evolution" was already being used. In June 2008, Cory Strader was hired as an art director. In May 2009, Unknown Worlds started to accept pre-orders for the game. "Natural Selection 2" was released on October 31, 2012. On December 17, 2013, they announced "Subnautica". Charlie Cleveland was the game director and lead gameplay. Hugh Jeremy was the producer. They decided to switch to the Unity game engine. It was released on Steam Early Access on December 16, 2014. It is planned for Xbox One. It was released in August 2016. In October 2021, South Korean video game developer Krafton announced that it would acquire Unknown Worlds and continue to operate as an independent game studio.  Awards. "Natural Selection" "Natural Selection 2"
Lars Anders Fredrik "Lasse" Mårtenson (24 September 1934 – 14 May 2016) was a Finnish singer, composer, actor and theater conductor. He was born in Helsinki. He performed at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1964 with the song "Laiskotellen" ("Idling"). Mårtenson died of a cerebral haemorrhage, aged 81.
In Off-roading a Spotter is the second set of eyes to help a driver navigate difficult obstacles. Spotters are usually in front of the vehicle and use voice commands along with hand signals to indicate which way to turn the wheels and whether to go forward or backward. When the driver cannot see what is directly in front of his or her wheels, it can make the difference between getting through or damaging the vehicle. Basic commands/signals. If spectators are giving the driver signals or shouting commands or advice, the spotter should step in and take control of the situation. Otherwise the driver will not know who's advice to follow. Other signals may be used as well as long as they are agreed to by both the driver and spotter. Advanced spotting. If a vehicle gets into a situation where one or more wheels are "hanging air" (off the ground and have no traction), the spotter may try to re-balance the vehicle. The most dangerous way is to hang on the side of the vehicle using the spotter's weight to bring it back down. Here the spotter is acting as a 'Rock surfer'. A much safer method is to use straps or ropes to bring the wheel or wheels down to earth again. The spotter may be the agreed-on person to handle the winch line. Here again, clear signals between the spotter and driver need to be maintained in order to keep everyone safe.