ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The discovery doctrine or doctrine of discovery is a legal term. It means that if a country was not under the control of a king who was from Europe and Christian, then any European Christian country could take control of the land. The discovery doctrine ignores any claim to the land that the native people living there might make. History. Many European kings used the discovery doctrine to justify colonization. They said that they wanted to bring civilization and Christianity to new places. Back then, it was thought that European culture was the best culture and Christianity was the best religion. United States law. The courts of the United States have used the discovery doctrine to say that Native Americans were not allowed to own land. The reasoning behind this thinking is that they were just occupants of the land and did not really own it before Europeans came. Therefore, the land was not theirs but belongs to European governments or their successors (in this case, the United States and Americans would be the land owner since the country was formed after independence from Great Britain). Present-day consequences. Many people now think that the discovery doctrine is not fair and racist. They think indigenous peoples should have the right to own land because the land is part of who they are as a people group and owning land allows them to have more legal benefits. Religion. Some churches that have supported the discovery doctrine in the past now repudiate it. That means that they do not believe anymore and that they are sorry for all the hurt it has caused. Many of the churches that repudiated the discovery doctrine are Protestant churches in North America, specifically the United States.  The Catholic Church has not made a statement against the discovery doctrine. Many of the rulers who used the doctrine discovery were Catholics. The Catholic Church officially repudiated the Doctrine of Discovery in March of 2023.
Touchstone Television was the name of two different American television production companies. 1st iteration. Touchstone Television was an American television production company launched in 1985. It was part of 21st Century Fox. In 2007, Touchstone Television was renamed to ABC Studios. 2nd iteration. Touchstone Television (formerly Fox 21 Television Studios) was an American television production company launched in 2014. On August 10th, 2020, the Touchstone branding was revived by Disney which renamed Fox 21 Television Studios as Touchstone Television. In December 1st, 2020, it was folded into 20th Television which replaced Fox Television Studios, Fox 21, Fox World, Fox Lab and Foxstar Productions.
The desert tree frog, naked tree frog, seagull frog, red tree frog, little red tree frog or brown tree frog ("Litoria rubella") is a frog from Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and northern Australia. The male adult frogs is about 31 to 35 mm long from nose to rear end and females are 33 to 37 mm long. They are light brown in color with darker brown spots and a dark brown stripe down each side of its body. They have yellow colouring on their legs. This frog lives in many different kinds of places, for example swamps and streams and ditches. It often lives near human houses, where it can climb into pipes. They lay eggs on the surface of non-moving water, 30–300 eggs at a time. The tadpoles become frogs in two weeks.
Institutional racism is a form of racism embedded in social institutions. Overview. Naming. It is also called systemic racism because it is in the systems that make up society. People usually think of racism as being thoughts of hate and prejudice against other races, but institutional racism means that those feelings are present in the ways people interact with each other. Institutional racism is not new, but the term is. Civil rights leaders Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton were among the earliest users of the term. North America. United States. Institutional racism is a huge issue in the United States (US). Housing. In the past, Black Americans were not allowed to live in certain neighborhoods. For instance, banks would not give them loans to live in the same neighborhoods as white people. As a result, many Black Americans live in areas with high rates of poverty and lack of access to resources, including parks and good schools.
Jeff Davis (born June 13, 1975) is an American writer and television producer. He is best known for creating the CBS crime drama "Criminal Minds". He was born in Milford, Connecticut. Davis is openly gay.
Mark Gordon (born October 10, 1956) is an American television and movie producer. He is a former President of the Producers Guild of America.
Gerard Hugh "Leo" Sayer (born 21 May 1948) is an English-born pop singer. He was born in Shoreham-by-Sea near the city of Brighton and Hove, England, on 21 May 1948. He was most successful during the 1970s and early 1980s. He had hits such as "When I Need You", "The Show Must Go On", "Moonlighting" and "You Make Me Feel Like Dancing". He became an Australian citizen in January 2009. Early life. Sayer was born in Shoreham-by-Sea to an English father and Irish mother on 21 May 1948. He attended St. Peter's Catholic Primary School in Shoreham and later attended Blessed Robert Southwell, renamed Chatsmore in Goring-by-Sea. Leo also attended West Sussex College of Art and Design in Worthing to study commercial art and graphic design. Career. Leo first found fame in his home country in 1973 when his single "The Show Must Go On" reached no 2 in the UK single charts. He performed this song dressed as a pierrot clown. He co-wrote a number of his songs, including this song. His singing career went from strength to strength and by the late 1970s he was well known internationally having had hit singles and albums in the USA, Ireland, Sweden, Australia and other countries. A number of hit singles followed in the early 1980s, including "Orchard Road" and "More Than I Can Say" . He returned to the top of the UK singles chart in 2006 with a remix hit of his 1977 single, "Thunder in my Heart ". Sayer appeared in "The Muppet Show" in 1978 where he sang "The Show Must Go On", "You Make Me Feel Like Dancing" and his best selling single, "When I Need You". He also was a participant in the UK's "Celebrity Big Brother" 2007.
Gita Govinda was written by the 12th-century Hindu poet Jaydev. It describes the relationship between Krishna and the female cow herders of Vrindavan. The Gita Govinda is organized into twelve chapters. Each chapter is further sub-divided into twenty-four divisions called Prabandhas. The poem has been translated into most modern Indian languages and many European languages.
The .30 Carbine (pronounced thirty carbine) cartridge is a carbine cartridge first made for the M1 carbine. The U.S. Army made this cartridge because it needed a bullet more powerful than the .45 ACP but lighter than the .30-06. From a rifle, the .30 Carbine has about the same amount of firepower as the .357 Magnum.
The .357 Magnum cartridge is a pistol cartridge. It has a high stopping power and enough penetration power to shoot through many kinds of body armor. It was based on the .38 Special. Revolvers that shoot the .357 Magnum can also shoot the .38 Special. It was first made to stop criminals wearing body armor and hiding in cars. It was the fastest handgun cartridge made until the .44 Magnum.  It is popular for hunting and self-defense. Most guns that shoot the .357 Magnum are revolvers or lever-action rifles, but there are also some semi-automatic pistols that can shoot .357 Magnums, such as the Desert Eagle.
Lexington Avenue - 63rd Street , formerly Lexington Avenue is a New York City Subway station in Lenox Hill, Manhattan shared by IND and BMT 63rd Street Lines. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street, it is served by the F and Q trains at all times, limited F trains during rush hours &lt;F&gt; trains during rush hours in the peak direction, one A.M. rush hour R train in the northbound direction only, this station is on 3rd Avenue and 63rd Street, this station is for F and Q trains, after this station on the Sixth Avenue line F train, the next stations will be 57th Street and Roosevelt Island and after this station on the Broadway express Q train, the next stations will be 72nd Street and 57th Street Seventh Avenue. Sometimes, E trains and other trains enter this station via 6th Avenue to World Trade Center or Jamaica Center or other stations.
The Battle of Khalkhin Gol was a battle that was fought between the Soviet Union and Mongolia, against Japan. This battle was fought in Manchuria, located in the northeast of China. The battles happened from 11 May 1939 to 16 September 1939. The Soviets and Mongolians won the battles. The battle was named after a river located on the battlefield called Khalkhin Gol.
Paolo Cabras (16 January 1931 – 2 July 2020) was an Italian politician and surgeon. He was born in Rome. He was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1972. Cabras remained a deputy until 1987, when he was elected to the Senate. He retired in 1994. He was a member of the Christian Democracy Party.  Cabras died on 2 July 2020 in Rome, aged 89.
A penis (from Latin: "penis"; plural "penises" or "penes" ) is the main sexual organ of most male animals. It is used to inseminate females (or hermaphrodites) during sex (copulation). In some animals, the penis is also used to urinate. Penises are found in many animal species. They are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Penises are not found in every species of animal. In those species where the male does have a penis, the penises are not homologous. This means that it evolved separately in each species. They also fill with blood so it can fit in the womens vagina. During sleep, the human penis may have more blood in it than usual, the term for this is called “morning wood”.
Tilo Prückner (26 October 1940 – 2 July 2020) was a German actor. His career lasted for over fifty years and more than 100 movies. He was born in Augsburg, Germany. He was known for his roles in "The NeverEnding Story", "Iron Sky" and "Tatort". Prückner died on 2 July 2020 from heart failure at a Berlin hospital, aged 79.
Willi Holdorf (17 February 1940 — 5 July 2020) was a West German athlete. In 1964, he won the first Olympic gold medal for Germany in decathlon and was named German Sportspersonality of the Year. He was born in Blomesche Wildnis, Germany. Holdorf died on 5 July 2020 at his home in Achterwehr, Germany from an illness, aged 80.
Inuwa Abdulkadir (12 January 1966 – 6 July 2020) was a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He was National Vice Chairman (North West) of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He was Federal Minister of Youth Development from 2012 to 2013 under the cabinet of President Goodluck Jonathan. He was born in Sokoto, Nigeria. Abdulkadir died on 6 July 2020 in Sokoto from COVID-19, aged 54. Personal Life. Inuwa died on 6 July, 2020VID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in NigInuwa a. He was married and had ten ch.dren. Biography. Inuwa was born on 12 January 1966 in Sokoto state, Nigeria. He attended Ahmadu Bello Academy in Farufaru from 1977 to 1982, Inuwa received Bachelor of law from Usman Danfodio University in Sokoto from 1982 to 1990. Political Career. President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Inuwa as the Federal Minister of Youth Development in 2012. Whereas in 2013 inuwa was removed from the office.
Andrew Kishore (4 November 1955 – 6 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi playback folk singer. He was known as the king of Dhallywood. Kishore was born in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. His notable songs include "Jiboner Golpo Achhe Baki Olpo", "Dak Diyachhen Doyal Amare", "Haire Manush Rongin Fanush", "Amar Shara Deho Kheyo Go Mati", "Amar Buker Moddhe Khane", "Amar Babar Mukhe Prothom Jedin Shunechilam Gan", "Bhengeche Pinjor Meleche Dana", and "Shobai To Bhalobasha Chae". Kishore won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer eight times for the movies "Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo" (1982), "Surrender" (1987), "Khotipuron" (1989), "Padma Meghna Jamuna" (1991), "Kabul" (1996), "Aaj Gaye Holud" (2000), "Saajghor" (2007) and "Ki Jadu Korila" (2008). Kishore died on 6 July 2020 at a hospital in Rajshahi, Bangladesh from Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aged 64.
Juris Kronbergs (9 August 1946 – 6 July 2020) was a Latvian-Swedish poet and translator. He was best known for his poetry, written in Latvian. His most known book is "Vilks vienacis" (Wolf One-Eye, 1996).  He translated many volumes of poetry and fiction by Imants Ziedonis, Vizma Belševica, Knuts Skujenieks, Uldis Bērziņš, Sandra Kalniete, Jānis Elsbergs, Edvīns Raups, Inguna Jansone and other authors. Kronbergs died in Stockholm on 6 July 2020, aged 73.
Knuts Skujenieks (5 September 1936 – 25 July 2022) was a Latvian poet, journalist, and translator. He was born in Riga.  In 1962, he was convicted of anti-Soviet activities, and sentenced to seven years in prison camp in Mordovia, Russia. His first poems were released in 1978. The poems he wrote during his captivity were published in 1990. In 2008 he was awarded the Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature. Skujenieks died on 25 July 2022 at the age of 85.
Greyhound is an upcoming American war movie directed by Aaron Schneider and starring Tom Hanks, who also wrote the screenplay.  The movie is based on the 1955 novel "The Good Shepherd" by C. S. Forester, and also stars Stephen Graham, Rob Morgan, and Elisabeth Shue.  "Greyhound" was originally supposed to be theatrically released in the United States on June 12, 2020, by Sony Pictures, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will now be released on July 10, 2020 only on Apple TV+.  It received generally positive reviews from critics.
Cecil Louis Troughton Smith (27 August 1899 – 2 April 1966), known by his pen name Cecil Scott "C. S." Forester, was an English novelist. He was known for writing books of naval war. He was known for writing the Horatio Hornblower series. His other works include "The African Queen" and "The Good Shepherd". He was born in Cairo. Forester died on 2 April 1966 in Fullerton, California from a stroke, aged 66.
Fullerton is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, 143,617 people lived in Fullerton. There are a number of major schools in Fullerton. These include Cal State Fullerton, Hope International University, Marshall B. Ketchum University, and Fullerton College (one of California's oldest and most renowned junior colleges).  Originally, Fullerton was an agricultural community. In the early 1900s, the downtown became an urban area. Many of the homes and buildings date from the 1920s, right before the stock market crash that started the Great Depression. After World War II, the city became suburbs of Los Angeles. Fullerton's population peaked in the 2010s and has started to slowly decline.  Fullerton is the birthplace of the electric guitar, first produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation.  Other points of interest include the largest 9/11 memorial outside of the East Coast and the Muckenthaler, an estate now used for performing arts and other events.  The Coyote Hills is a small mountain range running along the north side of the city. Hiking and horseback riding trails cut through those hills.
John Forester (October 7, 1929 – April 14, 2020) was an American industrial engineer. He was known for his works in bicycle transportation engineering.  He was a known cycling activist and as "the father of vehicular cycling", for creating the Effective Cycling program of bicycle training.
Osvaldo "Chiche" Sosa (26 January 1945 – 6 July 2020) was an Argentine football manager and player. He worked as the manager of Atlético Tucumán in the Primera División Argentina. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was also known for playing with and managing Club Almagro. Sosa died on 6 July 2020 from stroke-related problems in Buenos Aires, aged 75.
Club Atlético Tucumán (mostly known as Atlético Tucumán) is an Argentinian football club based in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán of Tucumán Province.  Atlético is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Primera División, the first division of the Argentine football league system.  They played for the first time in 2017 both Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana.
Zoran Stojković (; 7 October 1946 — 6 July 2020) was a Serbian politician. He was Minister of Justice in the Government of Serbia from 2004 to 2007 when Vojislav Koštunica was Prime Minister. He was born in Belgrade. He was a member of the Democratic Party of Serbia. Stojković died on 6 July 2020 in Belgrade, aged 73.
The president of Serbia and Montenegro () was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its creation in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a confederacy (state union), the head of state was known as the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 2006 the office was abolished as the state union was dissolved, with Serbia and Montenegro becoming independent countries.
Svetozar Marović (; born 31 March 1955) is a Montenegrin lawyer and politician. He was the President of Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 until Montenegro declared its independence in 2006. He was the last head of state of Serbia-Montenegro. On December 15, 2015, he was arrested in Montenegro for charges of corruption, and on August 18, 2017, his family's assets were frozen.
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Montenegro when its first case was confirmed on 17 March 2020, making it the last European country to register a case of SARS-CoV-2.  the total number of cases in Montenegro is 6,222. On 24 May 2020, 68 days after the first case was recorded in Montenegro, it became the first corona-free country in Europe.  Montenegro had 0 active cases from 24 May until 14 June when the first imported case was reported.
The pandemic was confirmed to have reached Oceania on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported in Melbourne, Australia. It has since spread elsewhere in the region, although many small Pacific island nations have thus far avoided the outbreak by closing their international borders.  As of 6 July, ten Oceania sovereign states have yet to report a case - Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated State of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Mozambique in March 2020. On 8 April 2020, Mozambique registered seven new positive cases of COVID-19, increasing the total number of confirmed cases to 17, nine of which are local transmissions. After ending June with 254 confirmed cases, the number of confirmed cases had doubled by 13 June, with a further 44 cases confirmed on that day alone. The country recorded its third death on 14 June, an 84-year-old man from Nampula Province.
Pascoal Manuel Mocumbi (10 April 1941 – 25 March 2023) was a Mozambican politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mozambique from 1994 until 2004. Between 2004 and 2013, Mocumbi was the High Representative of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP). Mocumbi died on 25 March 2023, at the age of 81, after several years of poor health.
Aires Bonifácio Baptista Ali (born 6 December 1955) is a Mozambican politician. He was Prime Minister of Mozambique from 16 January 2010 to 8 October 2012. He was Governor of Inhambane Province from 2000 to 2004 and Minister of Education from 2005 to 2010. He was appointed ambassador to China in June 2016 by President Filipe Nyusi.
Alberto Vaquina (born July 4, 1961) is a Mozambican politician. He was Prime Minister of Mozambique from 2012 to 2015. He was appointed by President Armando Guebuza on 8 October 2012, replacing Aires Ali. Vaquina was Governor of Tete Province from 2010 to 2012.
Timothy J. Keller (September 23, 1950 – May 19, 2023) was an American pastor, theologian, and Christian apologist. He was the Chairman and co-Founder of Redeemer City to City. He was also the founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City.  He was the author of "The New York Times" bestselling books "The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith" (2008), "Prayer: Experiencing Awe and Intimacy with God" (2014), and "The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism" (2008). The prequel for the latter is "Making Sense of GOD: An Invitation to the Skeptical" (2016). Keller married Kathy Kristy in 1975; they had three children. Keller suffered from thyroid cancer in 2002. In June 2020, Keller revealed that he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On May 18, 2023, Keller's son Michael announced that Keller would receive hospice care at home after a hospitalization. He died the following day in New York City, at the age of 72.
Aubert Pallascio (August 19, 1937 – July 5, 2020) was a Canadian actor and comedian. He was best known for playing Pierre Trudeau in the 1980 movie "The Kidnapping of the President". He was nominated in 1996 for a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in "Black List (Liste noire)". He was born in Montreal. Pallascio died on July 5, 2020 from cancer in Montreal, aged 82.
The 2004 presidential campaign of John Kerry, the long-time U.S. Senator from Massachusetts who would eventually become the 68th U.S. Secretary of State eight years later, began when he formed an exploratory committee on December 1, 2002. On September 2, 2003, he formally announced his candidacy for Democratic Party nomination. After beating running mate John Edwards, Howard Dean, Wesley Clark, and other candidates in the primaries, he became the Democratic nominee, with his challenger being Republican incumbent President George W. Bush in the 2004 presidential election. Kerry lost the general election to Bush.
The 2000 presidential campaign of Al Gore, the 45th Vice President of the United States under President Bill Clinton, began when he announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Carthage, Tennessee, on June 16, 1999. Gore became the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election on August 17, 2000. On November 7, 2000, showed that Gore's opponent, then-Governor of Texas George W. Bush, the Republican candidate, had narrowly won the election. Gore won the national popular vote but lost the electoral college vote after a bitter legal battle over disputed vote counts in the state of Florida. Bush won the election on the electoral college vote of 271 to 266. One elector pledged to Gore did not cast an electoral vote; Gore received 267 pledged electors. The election was one of the most controversial in American history.
Litoria singadanae is a frog from Papua New Guinea. As of 2007, scientists had only found it in one place. It lives in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. The scientists found two male adults, 29.0 mm and 29.1 mm long from nose to rear end and one female is 34.6 mm long. It is green in color. It is different from other frogs because its tympanum, or eardrum, is clear. Scientists have found this frog 1200 metres above sea level on the Huon Peninsula.