ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Arab Indonesians are citizens of Indonesia. Their origin is Arab, and they are mainly from Hadrami. Until 1919, they were part of Dutch East Indies' law. Some people later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading. Currently, most of them can be found in Java and South Sumatra. They are almost all (generally orthodox) Muslims. History. Indonesia has had contact with the Arab world for hundreds of years. This was even before the development of Islam in Indonesia. Most contact was with spice traders. The first Arab settlements in the archipelago may have started in the fifth century. These early communities took over much of the local culture. Some of them disappeared completely while others formed ethnic groups. Modern Arab Indonesians are descended from Hadramis, who came to Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period. The men often married native women. They were classified as "foreign orientals" along with Chinese Indonesians. This class stopped them from going to certain schools and also restricted their travel. They were also only allowed to live in special Arab districts, called "kampung Arab" in Indonesian. These laws were removed in 1919. The community elites began to build economic power through trade and real estate investment. They bought large amounts of real estate in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta), Singapore and other parts of this area. Arab Indonesians did charity work, and built and protected their social capital. Eventually, some Arab Indonesians joined the "Volksraad", the people's council of the Dutch East Indies. During the Indonesian National Awakening, Arab Indonesians began to oppose native Indonesians and the Dutch. This caused the formation of organizations which were only for Arab Indonesians in 1913. These organizations viewed the Arabian peninsula as their homeland. In 1934, Abdurrahman Baswedan founded an Arab Indonesian nationalistic movement, Persatoean Arab Indonesia. Azyumardi Azra described Arab Indonesians as people who wish to remove local religious elements from Indonesian Islam. Indonesian critics of Arab influence in Indonesia point to the founding of the radical group Jemaah Islamiah (JI). Their leader is Laskar Jihad (LJ). After the September
Christina Aguilera is the first album by American singer Christina Aguilera, released on August 24, 1999. After she sang “Reflection” for the Disney movie Mulan in 1998, her record company, RCA Records, quickly started working on her album. They first planned to release it in January 1999. The album has dance-pop and teen pop music, with some R&amp;B, soul, hip hop, and slow songs. Many producers helped create the album, including Johan Åberg, David Frank, Ron Fair, and Robin Thicke. The album got good reviews, with many praising Aguilera’s strong singing. It started at number one on the US Billboard 200, selling 253,000 copies in its first week. It was later certified 8x platinum in the US and sold over nine million copies there. Worldwide, it has sold over 14 million copies, making it Aguilera’s best-selling album. The album also reached the Top 10 in Canada, New Zealand, Switzerland, Spain, and South Africa. The success of this album made Aguilera the Best New Artist at the Grammy Awards of 2000. The album had four big hit songs. “Genie in a Bottle”, “What a Girl Wants”, and “Come on Over Baby (All I Want is You)” all reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. “Genie in a Bottle” was also number one in 20 other countries. Another song, “I Turn to You”, reached number three in the US. In 2000, Aguilera went on her first big concert tour. The album was later added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Background. In a 1998 interview, Christina Aguilera said that her biggest dream was to make an album before finishing high school. She went to RCA Records, but the company was struggling with money and told her to try Disney instead. Disney gave her a chance to sing "Reflection", the theme song for the movie "Mulan" (1998). Soon after, she signed a record deal with RCA. Christina later said, “I got my record deal at the
Stripped is the fourth studio album by American singer Christina Aguilera. She wanted to move away from the teen pop style of her first album and have more control over her music and lyrics. She also changed her image, creating a new identity called “Xtina.” The album includes pop and R&amp;B songs, with influences from soul, rock, hip hop, and Latin music. Many songs talk about self-respect, while others discuss love, sex, and women’s rights. Aguilera worked with many new people to make the album. "Stripped" got mixed reviews. Some people liked it, while others thought it was not focused. Some compared it to Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson’s music. The album was very successful. It reached number two on the US music charts and sold 330,000 copies in its first week. In the US, it sold over five million copies. It was also a top-five album in countries like Canada, the UK, and New Zealand. In the UK, it was Aguilera’s best-selling album, selling two million copies. Over time, more people started to appreciate "Stripped", and it was won one Grammy Award. It has sold over 12 million copies worldwide. The album had five big songs. The first, “Dirrty,” was not well-received because of its music video, but it became popular worldwide. The second, “Beautiful,” was praised and became a hit. The other three songs, “Fighter,” “Can’t Hold Us Down,” and “The Voice Within,” also did well. Aguilera performed songs from "Stripped" at big music award shows and went on two tours in 2003—one with Justin Timberlake and one on her own.
Back to Basics is the fifth studio album by Christina Aguilera. It was released on August 9 2006 as a double album. She worked with many producers, including DJ Premier, Rich Harrison, and Mark Ronson. The album was recorded between February 2005 and April 2006 in the US and the UK. Inspired by singers from the 1920s to 1950s, like Billie Holiday and Etta James, Aguilera combined jazz and soul with a new sound. The first part of the album mixes R&amp;B with hip-hop sounds from older songs, while the second part uses mostly original music. Many songs were about her personal life, including her marriage to Jordan Bratman in 2005. To match the album’s style, Aguilera used a new identity, Baby Jane, and dressed in a Hollywood look. She promoted "Back to Basics" by performing at award shows and a world tour from 2006 to 2008. The album made three big hits: “Ain’t No Other Man,” “Hurt,” and “Candyman.” Two other songs, “Slow Down Baby” and “Oh Mother,” were released in some countries. People praised the album’s special sound but some felt it was too long. “Ain’t No Other Man” won a Grammy Award Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. "Back to Basics" started at number one on the US Billboard 200 with 346,000 copies sold in its first week. It also topped charts in over 15 countries and has sold over 5 million copies worldwide.
Bionic is the sixth studio album by American pop singer Christina Aguilera, released on June 4, 2010. The album was made due to her love for electronic music and mixes pop, R&amp;B, and electronic sounds. The first half has fast songs with electronic beats, while the second half has slower songs. The lyrics focus on confidence, independence, and relationships. At first, "Bionic" got mixed reviews, but over time, more people have come to appreciate it. The album started at number three on the US Billboard 200, selling 117,000 copies in its first week. It also reached the top ten in several countries and was number one in the UK, though it became the lowest-selling UK number-one album in eight years at the time. The album had four singles: “Not Myself Tonight” in April 2010, “Woohoo” in May, “You Lost Me” in June, and “I Hate Boys” in September. Aguilera promoted "Bionic" by performing on The Oprah Winfrey Show, American Idol, Today, and the MTV Movie Awards. She planned a tour for the album, but it was canceled because she was busy promoting her movie Burlesque.
Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg (Dorothea Sophie; 5 July 1670 – 15 September 1748) was a Countess Palatine of Neuburg by birth and later the wife of the two sons of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma.  Married to the Hereditary Prince of Parma in 1690, she was the mother of two children including the future Queen Elisabeth of Spain. Her first husband died after just three years of marriage. Remaining in Parma she was engaged to her brother-in-law, the new Duke of Parma.  Retiring from the court at the death of her last husband, her grandson the future Charles III of Spain conquered Parma after the extinction of the Farnese and Dorothea Sophie acted as regent of the state till his official majority in January 1735. She died aged seventy-eight just weeks before her second grandson Infante Felipe of Spain became the next duke of Parma.
FC Blau-Weiß Linz is an Austrian football club from Linz, Upper Austria. The team is playing in the Austrian Football Bundesliga after promotion in the 2023-24 season. History. The club was founded in 1997 as follow up team for FC Linz and SV Austria Tabak Linz. They played with the licence of SV Tabak in the Upper Austrian Landesliga (4th division). After three years they reached the title and were promoted to the Regionalliga Mitte. In the 2003/04 season the won this league but failed in the relegation matches versus BSV Bad Bleiberg, so they stayed in the league. After this there was a decline they were even relegated to the Landesliga, but came back the following season. In the 2010/11 season they finished second behind the LASK Juniors, which were not allowed to promote. In the relegation matches they won versus WSG Wattens after penalty shooting and were promoted to the First League. 2012/13 they lost the Relegationmatches versus SC-ESV Parndorf 1919 and were relegatet into the Regionalliga Mitte. 2015/16 they were champions in the Regionalliga Mitte and were promoted again to the First League. In the 2020-21 season the became Champion of the 2. Liga. They had not asked for a licence for the Bundesliga so they stayed in 2. Liga. In the 2022-23 season they were promoted to the Bundesliga Since spring 2021 they play in the Hofmann-Personal Stadion because the Donauparkstadion, their traditional homeground, will be new built till 2023. After almost two years of construction, the stadium was opened by the city of Linz with a celebration on 5 July 2023. The opening game between FC Blau-Weiß Linz and PSV Eindhoven (1:2) took place ten days later. Fans. The club is thought as successor to the former club VOEST Linz.This team merged with LASK to FC Linz but soon was inhaled by LASK. The club colours blue and white are that of former VOEST Linz. Also the fans see themself in this tradition.
Yinghuo-1 was a Chinese spacecraft. People planned for it to be China's first interplanetary mission. Yinghuo-1 was supposed to orbit and study the planet Mars. It was launched with the Russian spacecraft Phobos-Grunt. The spacecraft got into space, but something went wrong and it could not escape earth's gravity.  The name "Yinghuo" means firefly in Chinese.
Aldershot () is a town in the English county of Hampshire, about 60 km (37 miles) southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 33,840, while the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns, such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the 30th-largest urban area in the UK Aldershot is home to professional football team Aldershot Town who compete in the Football Conference. Prior to 1992 the local club was Aldershot, which folded on 25 March 1992, while playing in the Football League Fourth Division Aldershot is known for its connection with the British Army. This led to rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town. Today, Aldershot is known as the "Home of the British Army".
Cuckoo is a Federal style house in the small unincorporated area Cuckoo, Virginia near Mineral, Virginia. The house was built in 1819 for Henry Pendleton. On August 19, 1994, Cuckoo was added to the list of National Register of Historic Places. The house is near the U.S. Route 33, which curves around the house. Cuckoo has Federal details and Colonial Revival elements from the early 20th century. The house is known for its design, prominence and its association with the Pendleton family of doctors. The house was named for the Cuckoo Tavern. The Pendleton family owns the house since its construction. History. The first construction had a two storied front section with a one-story extension to the rear. The dining room and the winter kitchen were in the one-story section. Between 1839 and 1907 the house was owned by Dr. Philip Barbour Pendleton. He added a second floor to the rear part of the house and extended the main roof to cover the new rooms of the house. A later generation of Pendletons rebuilt the house in the Colonial Revival style after 1910. They added the present Neoclassical portico. The next owners, Anne Pendleton Forrest and Dr. William Mentzel Forrest, added to the back a design by architect Stanislaw J. Makielski of Charlottesville. The complex includes a number of outbuildings, including two separate doctor's office buildings, a garage, barn, a house for smoking, and the Pendleton family cemetery. Description. Cuckoo is a house made of bricks. It has two floors and a center-hall which is divided into three parts. Single rooms are flanking the stair hall. The house has a porch on its entire front. A semicircular closet with a small window is between the fireplaces of the rooms to the right of the center hall. The fireplaces and chimneys are on both sides of the elevation. The Makielski addition to the back of the house has a porch that echoes the curve of the closet. The addition includes a back stairway. Outbuildings.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) are a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services. CDC main office is in Druid Hills, a neighborhood in northeastern Atlanta, Georgia. It works to protect public health and safety. It provides information to enhance health decisions. It promotes health as a partner with state health departments and other organizations. When an infectious disease or bad food can cause health problems, the CDC will tell the nation how to fight it. The CDC works on environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention and education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States. Agencies under the CDC. The CDC has agencies that work under it: Foundation. The CDC Foundation is separate from CDC as a private, nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization. It is incorporated in the State of Georgia. Section 399F of the Public Health Service Act created the foundation to help the CDC work with the private sector.
Maria Anna of Austria (Maria Anna Josepha; 7 September 1683 – 14 August 1754) was an Archduchess of Austria as she was a daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. She would become Queen consort and regent of Portugal by her marriage to John V of Portugal. She was the Regent of Portugal from 1742 until 1750 during the illness of her spouse. In Portugal she was commonly known as "Mariana".  Life. The fifth of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperors children by Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg, she was baptised "Maria Anna Josepha". She was born in Linz as the Austrian royal family had to flee Vienna from the Turkish army which destroyed the capital. Maria Anna was a sister of two future Holy Roman Emperors Joseph I and Charles VI. Through Charles VI, she was an aunt of Empress Maria Theresa. Her first cousins included Elisabetta Farnese as well as Charles II of Spain.  Marriage. On 27 October 1708 she married her first cousin John V of Portugal. Both of their mothers were sisters. Maria Anna thus became Queen of Portugal as the wife of the ruling king. She was the mother of six children: Regency. In 1742 Maria Anna took over power as regent after her husband suffered a stroke, which left him partially paralyzed. When John V died on 31 July 1750 she gave up power to their eldest son Joseph I of Portugal. She died at he Palace of Belém in 1754. Her body was buried in Lisbon, her heart was brought to Vienna and buried there in the imperial crypt.
Sportklub Niederösterreich St. Pölten is a football club from St. Pölten the capital of the Austrian federal state Lower Austria. St. Poelten plays in the Austrian Football First League, the second division in the Austrian football league system. History. SKN St. Poelten was founded in June 2000. The new club took over all belongings of the predecessor, FCN St. Poelten .Most important was the ownership of the Bundesliga junior center. Through this the club did not enter in the lowest class but was allowed in the 2nd League West, the fifth level of Austrian football. The next two seasons they won the championships and reached the Regionalliga Ost(3rd division).In the 2003/04 season the club reached the 4th place. The following season the club reached sixth place in the league reached in the Austrian Cup the quarter-finals. They won over SV Wörgl (3-0), SW Bregenz (2–1) and a sensational 5-1 victory overAustria Salzburg in the third round. In the quarter-finals, St. Poelten, was beaten by Austria Wien 6-0. In autumn 2009 the club could present the plans for the new stadium which is currently built in the Ratzersdorf district of St.Pölten. In the 2007/08 season they won the Regionalliga and were promoted to the First League. In the summer of 2016, they were promoted to the Bundesliga. In the 2020/21 season they were relegated to the 2. Liga. Youth work. The SKN St. Poelten currently has ten youth teams for children from the age of 7 to 15, with a total of 150 children and youths. In addition to the junior teams, the club has a second team (SKN II), which plays their games in the Mid Western League, with the squad mostly consisting of squad players under the age of 18.
The Bourbons of Parma are a royal family who ruled the Duchy of Parma from 1748 till 1860 when Italy was created. The family was founded by the Infante Philip of Spain, third son of Philip V of Spain and Elisabetta Farnese. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) ended the War of the Austrian Succession, and gave the land to Philip. Philip married Louise Élisabeth of France and the present pretending duke of Parma (Carlos/Carlo of Parma) is a direct descendant. The duchy was taken by the House of Savoy when the state of Italy was created.
The history of English poetry stretches from the middle of the 7th century to today. Over this period, English poets have written some of the longest-surviving poems in Western culture. The language and its poetry have spread around the world. The earliest surviving poetry from the area now called England was probably transmitted orally (or passed from person to person by mouth, without being written down). It was then written down in versions that do not now survive. Because of this, it is difficult to say which poems were the earliest. There is a lot of controversy over this issue. A number of major national poetries have developed. These include American, Australian, New Zealand, Canadian and Indian poetry. It may be controversial to describe Irish literature as English or British, even though it is in the English language.
A rearrangement reaction is an organic reaction where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged. The result is a structural isomer of the original molecule. Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule. In the example below, the substituent R moves from carbon atom 1 to carbon atom 2: Intermolecular rearrangements also take place.  Sometimes chemists draw diagrams with arrows that show how electrons are transferred between bonds during a rearrangement reaction. Many organic chemistry text books have such diagrams. But they do not tell the full story of the reaction mechanism. The actual mechanism of a rearrangement with an alkyl group moving is for the group to slide smoothly along a bond, not ionic bond-breaking and forming. One example of this is the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement: In pericyclic reactions, the orbital interactions are important. The reactions can not be explained by a series of simple discrete electron transfers. The curved arrows showing a sequence of discrete electron transfers can give the same result as a rearrangement reaction. Yet, the diagrams are not necessarily realistic. In allylic rearrangement, the reaction is ionic. Three important rearrangement reactions are 1,2-rearrangements, pericyclic reactions and olefin metathesis. 1,2-rearrangements. A 1,2-rearrangement is an organic reaction where a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in a chemical compound. In a 1,2 shift, the substituent moves between two adjacent atoms. Moves over larger distances are possible. Examples are the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement: and the Beckmann rearrangement: Pericyclic reactions. A pericyclic reaction is a type of reaction with multiple carbon-carbon bond making and breaking. The transition state of the molecule has a cyclic geometry. The reaction progresses in a concerted fashion. Examples are hydride shifts and the Claisen rearrangement: Olefin metathesis. Olefin metathesis is a formal exchange of the alkylidene fragments in two alkenes. It is a catalytic reaction with carbene. It has transition metal carbene complex intermediates.
Computational chemistry is a type of chemistry that uses computer science to help solve chemical problems. These programs help scientists learn about molecules and solids. Computational chemistry is often used with chemical experiments to get more information. It can predict chemical phenomena that have not yet been seen. It is widely used to design new drugs and materials. Computational chemistry can predict the structure of molecules. It can help find where a molecule's atoms are. It can also find absolute and relative (interaction) energies, electronic charge distributions, dipoles and higher multipole moments, vibrational frequencies, reactivity or other spectroscopic quantities, and cross sections for collision with other particles. Computational chemistry looks at both static and dynamic systems. In all cases, as the size of the system being studied grows, the computer time and other resources (such as memory and disk space) used also grows. That system can be a single molecule, a group of molecules, or a solid. Computational chemistry methods range from highly accurate to very approximate. Highly accurate methods are typically only for small systems.