ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Tommy Tutone is an American rock band. They are known for their 1981 hit "867-5309/Jenny", which peaked at #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Some people consider the band to be a one-hit wonder. This is despite "Angel Say No" reaching the Top 40 the year before. The band's lead singer, rhythm guitarist, and occasional keyboardist is Thomas Allen Heath. He was born in 1947 and is also known as Tommy Heath. He is the only active original member currently touring as Tonmy Tutone. Heath grew up in Philadelphia, Texas, and Montana. He moved to San Francisco during the Summer of Love to become a hippie. There, he formed the band with Jim Keller and Terry Nails in 1978. He named it after his nickname. The band's first single, "Angel Say No", was released in 1980 and reached the top 40. They even opened for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers on tour for "Damn the Torpedoes".  The band's second album, "Tommy Tutone 2", was released in 1981 and featured "867-5309/Jenny". The song became so popular that people in the United States still prank call the number and ask for Jenny today. In 2006, VH1 named it the 36th-greatest song of the 1980s.  As of January 2024, Heath is living in Portland, Oregon. He's back touring as Tommy Tutone. A new studio album is set to release the fall of 2024.
Judas Priest is an English heavy metal rock band. They formed in Birmingham, England in 1969. They have sold over 50 million albums. They are famous for having two guitar players, named Glenn Tipton and K.K. Downing. The singer, Rob Halford, left the band in the early 1990s because of problems with the other people in the band. He came back to the band in 2003. On 7 December 2010, the band said they would play their last concert tour during 2011. They are still a band since saying that. Since then, they have made two albums: "Redeemer of Souls" and "Firepower". In 2022, they became members of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. History. Origins (1969-1974). Judas Priest used to be a different band to the one that is together now. The lead singer for this old band was named Al Atkins. Around the same time, guitar player K.K. Downing and bass player Ian Hill put together their own band named Freight. When they were looking for a lead singer, they found Al Atkins. Atkins' band had broken up by then, and he suggested that K.K. and Ian should rename Freight to Judas Priest. They kept using the name even after Atkins left in 1973. When the band was looking for another singer, Ian Hill discovered the singing talents of his girlfriend's brother, Rob Halford. He joined the band. During the seventies, the band went through several drummers, including Alan Moore, John Hinch, Simon Phillips and Les Binks. First five albums (1974-1979). Before Judas Priest recorded their first album, a second guitar player, Glenn Tipton, joined the band. Their first album, "Rocka Rolla", came out in 1974. It was not very successful, probably because it didn't have many of the songs that the band were known for playing in live concerts back in those days. They would later be on the band's next album, "Sad Wings of Destiny" in 1976. That album was followed up by "Sin After Sin
Palo Alto is a city in the American state of California in Santa Clara County that has a population of about 65,000 people. It is the birthplace of the region called Silicon Valley and includes Stanford University. It is the home of many innovators and entrepreneurs. "Palo Alto" means "tall stick" in Spanish after a famous redwood, El Palo Alto, along the banks of San Francisquito Creek. The tree was struck by lightning in 1955 but much of it remains standing. The tree is over 1,080 years old. A diverse population thrives in a city known for its schools, parks, libraries, restaurants and mild climate.  Palo Alto is where Apple CEO, Steve Jobs died on October 5, 2011.
Phil and Don Everly (Phil January 19, 1939 – January 3, 2014 and Don February 1, 1937 – August 21, 2021) were two brothers from the U.S. state of Iowa. They started performing in the 1950s and had a lot of famous songs in the 1950s and 1960s. They are considered very influential in rock and roll. Don was born in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. He died on August 21, 2021 in Nashville, Tennessee of heart attack at the age of 84. Phil was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 74 on January 3, 2014 in Burbank, California from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Willie Hugh Nelson (; born April 29, 1933) is an American country music singer-songwriter, as well as an author, poet, actor, and activist. In 1961, a song that he wrote was recorded by Faron Young, and became a number one song on "Billboard"'s Hot Country Songs music chart. In 1975, he had his first number one song, as a singer, on "Billboard"s Hot Country Songs music chart. Early life. Willie Nelson was born in Abbott, Texas on April 29, 1933, during the Great Depression to Myrle Marie (née Greenhaw) and Ira Doyle Nelson. He was born on April 29, 1933, but his birth was recorded by doctor F. D. Sims on April 30. He was named Willie by his cousin Mildred, who also chose Hugh as his middle name, in honor of her recently deceased younger brother. Nelson's ancestry includes English, Irish, and Cherokee. His parents moved from Arkansas in 1929, to look for work. Nelson's grandfather, William, worked as a blacksmith, while his father worked as a mechanic. His mother left soon after he was born, and his father remarried and also moved away, leaving Willie and his sister Bobbie to be raised by their grandparents. The Nelsons, who taught singing back in Arkansas, started their grandchildren in music. Nelson's grandfather bought him a guitar when he was six, and taught him a few chords, and with his sister Bobbie, he sang gospel songs in the local church. He wrote his first song at age seven, and when he was nine, played guitar for the local band Bohemian Polka. During the summer, the family picked cotton along with other citizens of Abbott. Nelson didn't like picking cotton, so he earned money by singing in dance halls, taverns, and honky tonks from age thirteen, and continuing through high school. Nelson's musical influences were Hank Williams, Bob Wills, Lefty Frizzell, Ray Price, Ernest Tubb, Hank Snow, Django Reinhardt, Frank Sinatra, and Louis Armstrong. Personal life. Nelson is the co-chair of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) advisory board.
Africa-Eurasia (also called Afro-Eurasia, Eurafrasia, Afrasia and the Old World) is the world's biggest landmass. Around 85% (approximately 5.5 billion) of the world population lives there. It is split between the two continents of Africa and Eurasia, the latter of which has been historically further subdivided into Asia and Europe.  In geopolitics, the mainland of Africa-Eurasia (excluding islands such as the British Isles, Japan, Madagascar, and the Malay Archipelago) has been referred to as World Island. The Old World includes Africa-Eurasia and its surrounding islands: In geological terms, Africa-Eurasia (or Eurafrasia) may be a supercontinent if Africa collides with Europe. One estimate suggests it will happen in 600,000 years, when the southern tip of Spain reaches Africa. If this happens, the Mediterranean Sea will be isolated from the Atlantic Ocean. Africa is expected to collide with Europe completely in 50 million years, closing the Mediterranean.
1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday in the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday in the Julian calendar.
A cemetery or a graveyard is a place, usually surrounded by a fence, where people bury dead bodies and honour the dead. Many of them have gardens and other greenery in them to symbolise life and to honour the dead.
David Van Cortland Crosby (August 14, 1941 – January 18, 2023) was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. He was most famous as a founding member of the bands The Byrds and Crosby, Stills, and Nash. He was born in Los Angeles, California. In the 2020 presidential election, Crosby supported Vermont United States Senator Bernie Sanders. Crosby died suddenly on the night of January 18, 2023 at his home in Santa Ynez, California. He was 81. The cause of death was problems caused by COVID-19.
Paul Harvey Aurandt (September 4, 1918 – February 28, 2009) was an American radio host.  Life. Aurandt was best known for his short radio program "The Rest of the Story", which was broadcast on many radio stations in the United States. He worked in the radio industry for 66 years from 1933 to 2009. He also had news programs twice a day, when he commented on the headlines and told some odd news stories. Death. Harvey died on February 28, 2009 at a hospital in Phoenix, Arizona. His son Paul Harvey Jr. said, "millions have lost a friend."
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a chemical compound and is acidic. It is a gas at room temperature. It is made of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. People and most animals release carbon dioxide when they breathe out. Also, every time something organic is burnt (or a fire is made), it makes carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide to make food. This process is called photosynthesis. The properties of carbon dioxide were studied by the Scottish scientist Joseph Black in the 1750s. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases trap heat energy. Greenhouse gases change the climate and weather on our planet, Earth. This is called climate change. Greenhouse gases are a cause of global warming, the rise of Earth surface temperature. Its concentration in Earth's atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena (mainly volcanos). Biological role. Carbon dioxide is an end product in organisms that obtain energy from breaking down sugars, fats and amino acids with oxygen as part of their metabolism. This is a process known as cellular respiration. This includes most animals, many fungi and some bacteria. In higher animals, the carbon dioxide travels in the blood from the body's tissues to the lungs where it is breathed out. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to use in photosynthesis. Dry ice. Dry ice, or solid carbon dioxide, is the solid state of CO2 gas below -109.3 °F (-78.5°C). Dry ice does not occur naturally on earth but is man made. It is colorless. People use dry ice to make things cold, and to make drinks fizzy, kill gophers, and freeze warts. The vapor of dry ice causes suffocation and eventually, death. Caution and professional assistance are recommended whenever dry ice is in use. At usual pressure it will not melt from a solid to a liquid but instead changes directly from a solid to a gas. This is called sublimation. It will change directly from a solid to a gas at any temperature higher than extremely cold temperatures. Dry ice sublimates at normal air temperature. Dry ice exposed to normal air gives off carbon dioxide gas that has no
Laramie is a city in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is the county seat of Albany County.  The University of Wyoming is located in Laramie. Recent history. In 1998, Matthew Shepard was murdered in this town.
The Black Death (1346-1353) was a pandemic in Europe and Asia during the 14th century. It was at its worst between 1347 and 1351. This outbreak of disease killed between 25 million and 50 million people across Europe. This was between 30% and 60% of Europe's population at the time. This was the deadliest event in known human history. At the time, 14th-century European writers called the pandemic the "Great Mortality". After later epidemics, it was named "the Black Death." Cause. Historians and scientists cannot be sure which disease caused the Black Death. However, most think that it was the bubonic plague. That is a bacterial infection caused by the "Yersinia pestis" species of bacteria. Not everybody agrees that plague caused the Black Death. Some scientists and historians think it was anthrax or a viral hemorrhagic fever. Incorrect theories about causes. The plague happened far before scientists discovered germs, and people at the time had no way of understanding infections. Instead, they blamed the Black Death on other things. Humorism. At the time, doctors believed in Hippocrates's theory of humorism. According to this theory, the body consists of different fluids. If these "humors" are in harmony (balanced well), a person is healthy. When they are out of balance, disease results. Miasma. This theory did not explain why disease spreads from one person to another. Most people thought that infection was caused by "miasma" ("bad air")"." The bad air could come from within the earth and cause the disease. To protect against the disease, people tried many non-medical techniques. These included opening opening only north-facing windows; not sleeping during the day; and not working too hard. Astrology. In 1348, Philip VI of France asked the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Paris about what caused the Black Death. The Faculty concluded that bad conjunction of Jupiter, Saturn and Mars on 20 March 1345 had caused the pandemic. Since that answer was based on astrology, many people believed it, and it was translated into many languages. Religion. Many people
Liverpool is a city in North West England, United Kingdom with a population of about 485,000 in 2015. It is part of the Liverpool-Birkenhead metropolitan area, the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the UK. The local government is Liverpool City Council. Liverpool is on the eastern side of the River Mersey. It used to lie in the old area of West Derby in the south west of Lancashire. It became a borough in 1207 and a city in 1880. In 1889, it became separate from Lancashire. Liverpool's growth as a large port was matched by the growth of the city during the Industrial Revolution. It was most famous as a port during the late 19th and early 20th century. It is the birthplace of the famous rock group The Beatles. It is also famous because of its football teams, Everton F.C. and Liverpool F.C. People from Liverpool are called Liverpudlians or Scousers. People from Birkenhead are called "Plastic Scousers" by some. History. Liverpool became very important due to trade in sugar, tobacco and especially slaves. In 1818, the Black Ball Line, with a fleet of sailing ships, offered the first regular passenger service with emphasis on passenger comfort, from England to the United States. In the 19th Century, transatlantic trade and passenger travel was served to destinations such as New York City from Liverpool by: In 1830, Liverpool and Manchester became the first cities to have a railway connecting them to each other, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Not including airports in London, Liverpool Airport was the first airport in Britain opening in 1930. In 2008 it was awarded the title European Capital of Culture. Geography. Liverpool is a city on the River Mersey, on the coast next to the Irish Sea. On the other side of the river Mersey is the Wirral. In 1846 the Albert Dock was opened and in 1988, turned into a shopping centre. Culture. The city is the birthplace of the famous rock group The Beatles and the musical style Merseybeat. It has several art galleries, museums and theat
Serfdom is the forced labour of serfs in a feudal society. In medieval Europe, serfs were peasant farmers who worked without pay for a lord. In exchange, they got to live and work on the lord’s manor. They also got the lord’s protection. Serfs had more rights than slaves (for example, serfs could own property). However, they were not completely free. They could not move, marry, or leave the manor without the lord’s permission. In most serfdoms, serfs were legally part of the land. If the land was sold, they were sold with it. Serfs worked in their lord’s fields. They sometimes did other things related to agriculture, like forestry and transportation (by both land and river). Some also worked in craft and manufacturing. Serfdom developed from agricultural slavery in the Roman Empire. It spread through Europe around the 10th century. During the Middle Ages, most European people lived in serfdoms. Serfdom lasted up to the 1600s in England and until 1789 in France. In most other European countries, serfdom continued until the early 19th century.  Serfdom was unusual in the Russian Empire until the 18th century when it became widespread. Alexander II of Russia abolished it in 1861, The system of serfdom. During the Middle Ages in Europe, monarchs, the Catholic Church, and the nobility owned all land. Serfs did not own land. Instead, they did manual labor for landowners in exchange for a place to live and work. Most serfs were workers, but some were craftsmen - like the village blacksmith, miller or innkeeper. The serf's feudal contract. Serfs had a feudal contract, just like a baron or a knight. A serf's feudal contract said that he would live and work on a piece of land owned by his lord. A serf was allowed to have their own home, fields, crops, and animals on the lord’s land. Serfs had some rights in the feudal contract. In return for their work, the serf would get protection. During feudal times,
A refrigerator is a machine used for keeping things cold. It is sometimes called a fridge or an icebox. Refrigerators were invented by Jacob Shrewsbury. It is normally maintained at 4-5 degree Celsius for household use. People put food and drinks in it, to keep those items cold or good (unspoiled) for a longer time. A refrigerator has a heat pump which takes heat away from the air inside the fridge. The heat is moved to the air outside. The heat pump is usually driven by an electric motor. There are also ice boxes available that do not use electricity because they are filled with ice to provide the colder temperature. The ice can keep things cold until the ice melts. Ice boxes can be taken on camping trips. Sometimes they are called coolers. Refrigerator-sized iceboxes were used before electricity was available. Most modern refrigerators are available in a variety of colours, although most are white. Refrigerators also come in various styles with a wide range of door styles and compressor locations. Smaller versions of the popular refrigerator are also used. They are mainly used in hotels and college dorm rooms.  Freezer. A freezer is a special type of refrigerator that stores food at freezing temperatures. Inside a freezer, it is normally . Freezers can be found in household refrigerators, as well as in industry and commerce. When stored in a freezer, frozen food can be stored safely for a longer time than storing at room temperatures. Domestic freezers can be a separate compartment in a refrigerator, or can be a separate appliance. Household refrigerators usually have a separate compartment where the heat pump is used to pump even colder temperatures to the contents. Most household freezers maintain temperatures from . Some freezer-only units can achieve and lower. Most household refrigerators generally do not achieve a temperature lower than , because it is difficult to control the temperature for two different compartments. This is because both compartments shares the same coolant loop.  Domestic freezers normally stand upright, resembling refrigerators. Sometimes a domestic freezer is laid on its back to look like a chest. Many modern upright freezers come with an ice dispenser built into their door. Many commercial freezers stand upright and have glass doors so shoppers can see
Janis Ian (born Janis Eddy Fink, April 7, 1951) is an American songwriter, singer, musician, columnist, and science fiction writer. She stated singing folk in the mid-sixties while she was still a teenager. She sang the most in the 1960s and the 1970s, but she's still singing today. In 1975, Ian won a Grammy Award for her song, "At Seventeen". Ian is openly lesbian and is married to a woman.
Vilnius is the largest city and the capital of Lithuania, with a population of 553,904 (850,700 together with Vilnius County) as of December 2005. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County. Vilnius is 312 kilometres (194 mi) from the Baltic Sea and Klaipėda, the most important Lithuanian seaport. Vilnius is connected by highways to other major Lithuanian cities, such as Kaunas (102 km/63 mi away), Šiauliai (214 km/133 mi away) and Panevėžys (135 km/84 mi away). History. See History of Vilnius Population. According to the 2001 census by the Vilnius Regional Statistical Office, there were 542,287 inhabitants in the Vilnius city municipality, of which 57.8% were Lithuanians, 18.7% Poles, 14% Russians, 4.0% Belarusians, 1.3% Ukrainians and 0.5% Jews. In 1931, Vilnius had a population of 195,071, of which 65.9% were Poles, 28.0% Jews, 3.8% Russians, 0.9% Belarusians, 0.8% Lithuanians and 0.6% others (Germans, Tatars, Karaims, Latvians, Ukrainians and others). In 1939, Vilnius had a population of about 209,500, the percentage of the population remained roughly similar to 1931)  Climate. The climate of Vilnius is considered as Humid Continental or Hemiboreal by Köppen climate classification. Summers can be hot, with temperatures above thirty degrees Celsius throughout the day. Winters can be very cold, with temperatures rarely reaching above freezing Tourism. Vilnius is a cosmopolitan city with diverse architecture. There are more than 40 churches in Vil
A fungus (plural: fungi) is a type of living organism that includes yeasts, molds, mushrooms and others. Fungi are a category of organism as large and varied as the animals or plants. Fungi, animals and plants are each Kingdoms of life. Historically people thought fungi were most like plants, even calling fungi a type of plant. However fungi are "not" plants. Fungi are even more closely related to animals than to plants. The study of fungi is known as "mycology" from "myco-" meaning fungi and "-ology" meaning "study of". Origin in evolution. Fungi evolved around 1 billion years ago. Fossils from the Devonian period show evidence of fungi likely having an even older history. There are fungi fossils and ancient fungi found trapped in amber but compared to material like bone fungi fossils are rare due to their rapid decay Fungi   fungi  are all eukaryotes. This means the cells of all three types of life have nuclei, unlike bacteria which do not have nuclei and so are called prokaryotes. Structure and Lifestyle. The Typical Fungi Cell. In addition to a cell nucleus that contain the DNA, fungal cells have ribosomes to turn the DNA genes into proteins, mitochondria that produce energy for the cell, and other organelles. Fungi cell walls are mainly composed chitin. Meanwhile, plant cell walls are cellulose found in cell walls of plants. Fungi do not have any chlorophyll and so cannot capture energy from sunlight like plants do. This is one way fungi are more similar to animals, which also lack chlorophyll. How fungi eat. Most fungi are "saprophytic." These fungi digest and absorb dead organic matter around them. Fungi can absorb the food molecules through their cell walls.p107 However there are many very different other ways some fungi get nutrients and live. Some are parasites, some are pathogens, some are predatory, some cooperate with other living things in symbiosis and some fungi have more than one lifestyle. "Pleurotus" fungi, also called "oyster mushrooms", are an example of fungi that both eat dead matter and are also predatory. They can capture