ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A historical writing system called Anga Lipi existed. The Buddhist scripture "Lalitvistar" mentions the Anga Lipi, stating that it was one of the 64 scripts that Lord Buddha was aware of. History and Etymology. An old Sanskrit Buddhist text called the "Lalitvistar" makes reference to the Anga Script and lists Anga Lipi very early among the 64 scripts that the Buddha is known to have known. While some of the sixty-four letters listed in "Lalitvistar" were believed to be legendary by Arthur Coke Burnell, he believed that several, such as Dravid, Anga, and Banga, were real despite not emerging as separate alphabets until the ninth or tenth century CE.[3] (Burnell considered this section to be an afterthought.) Qualities and contrast. Bengali and Anga Lipi scripts may have sprung from Brahmic, but with certain regional traits.This lends credence to the theory that local traits were still being developed in alphabets from previous times It shows how regional variations of Indian alphabets were first developed. Relationship with Angika. It is said to be the ancient writing system or script for Angika which was than known by its historical name Aangi. Various sources were gathered by Archaelogical Survey of India (ASI) during excavation in Banka and Bhagalpur.
Christina Hawatmeh (born May 8, 1988 in Saint Louis, Missouri) is an American tech entrepreneur and award-winning author. She is founder and CEO of Scopio and writer of the HarperCollins book “The Year Time Stopped: The Global Pandemic in Photos”. Education. Christina completed her bachelor's degree in International affairs from George Washington University, and Master of International Affairs from Columbia University. Professional career. Christina Hawatmeh's journey began at George Washington University, exploring Facebook groups as a student. In 2014, during her master's program at Columbia University, her innovative approach to the storytelling potential of images on social media gained attention. This led her to develop Artificial intelligence capable of identifying and preserving original images, aiming to move them from social media to a more enduring presence in the real world. Her vision was to distribute these images globally within three minutes of upload, preventing the loss of valuable historical moments buried in the constant flow of social media. Facing challenges and limitations with existing platforms, Christina launched Scopio, a platform allowing users to directly upload and distribute their images. Her goal was to empower individuals globally, providing a space for photo sharing without the need for professional journalism or photography. Through Scopio, she identified global voices on platforms like Instagram and Twitter, establishing a community of individuals sharing images globally. Christina aimed to liberate valuable images from the confines of social media, recognizing their historical significance. To address the limitations and biases of social media algorithms, Christina challenged traditional business practices by creating a marketplace bridging the gap between professional photographers and ordinary individuals. This transformative approach moved beyond the traditional stock photo industry into a new era of photo sharing. Christina's commitment to inclusivity extended beyond entrepreneurship to social justice advocacy, focusing on cultural awareness and race. She emphasized the importance of venture capital in supporting diverse founders and advocated for a more inclusive tech industry embracing underrepresented voices from all backgrounds. Awards. Christina has received numerous accolades, including being recognized as one of the "Top 10 Self-Made Women in 2023" by MSN, among the "Top 10 Entrepreneurs to follow" by NY Finance, and one of the "Top 10
François-Henri Pinault (born 28 May 1962) is the chairman and current CEO of Kering. He is the son of François Pinault. He is considered one of the richest men in the world, with a family fortune estimated on August 18, 2018 to be $30.5 billion. He graduated from HEC Paris in 1985.
René Wagner (31 October 1972 in Brno) is a former Czech football player and now coach. The striker played in Brno and in Austria for Rapid Wien and SV Mattersburg. There he became top scorer of the league in 1997 with 21 goals. He also played for the Czech Republic national football team. Career. René Wagner began his professional career with Boby Brünn. He played for the club until 1996. Then he went to Austria and played for Rapid Vienna. Wagner soon became an important players. In his first season for Rapid, he became top scorer in the Bundesliga in 1996/97 with 21 goals. In eight years in Hütteldorf he played in the Champions League and was Austrian runner-up four times. Wagner never won the title.  In the summer of 2004 Wagner moved to league rivals SV Mattersburg. In 2006 Wagner returned to 1. FC Brno and ended his professional career in June 2008. From 2008 to 2010, René Wagner played for SV Leobendorf in Lower Austria. He ended his career as an active footballer with the Czech fourth division club Sparta Brno in 2010.  International. René Wagner played a total of eleven international matches for the Czech Republic between 1995 and 2001. He scored three goals. Manager. After the end of his professional career, Wagner he worked as an assistantcoach for the B team of 1. FC Brno. Later he managed the B juniors of the club and then the A youth team. In January 2016, the Austrian second division club SC Wiener Neustadt announced that Wagner had been hired as assistant coach After Kreissl signed a contract as sporting director with first division club SK Sturm Graz, Wagner became head coach of Wiener Neustadt. In May 2017 the club separated from Wagner.
Indira Rajan (1939–29 April 2022) was an Indian Bharatanatyam dancer and teacher. She was the recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award which she received in 1996 for her contributions in dancing. In her dance academy at Chennai, she has taught more then 1000 students. Early life. Rajan was born in the year 1939 in Karaikal, Puducherry, India. She was born in an Isai Velalar family. Isai Velalar is a community found in the Tamil Nadu region of India. They are traditionally involved as performers of classical dance and music in Hindu temples. Her grandmother Sundarambal was a famous Sadir dancer of her time, while her mother Sundara Kamakshi was a well-known musician and her uncles KN Dandayudhapani Pillai and KN Pakkiriswami Pillai were noted natyacharyas. Indira left her home to learn dance at the age of six. She started dancing under Guru Ganesh Pillai and had learnt Arangetram. She performed in public for the first time at the age of nine. She continued her training with guru while also starting an independent dance career at the age of 13. In 1955, she left to Madras to learn and upgrade her dancing skills. Career. Indira has performed a lot in India as well as out of India. During her long and successful career she was selected to perform in North and East India under the cultural exchange program of "Tamil Nadu Eyal Isai Natak Manaram". She has performed at important state functions and in the presence of several high ranking officials. She has composed dances on traditional songs from Tevaram, Thiruvachagam and Nalayara Divya Prabandham and has choreographed many dance-drama on various themes. She has also done few dance choreography for movies. In 1982, she performed at the Veinna International Film Festival.  Many famous dancers asked her to help with their performances, doing the "nattuvangam". Nattuvangam is a rhythmic accompaniment in
Bernard Mannes Baruch was a Jewish-American financier. He was very successful in the stock exchange. He also helped several presidents in 3 major global conflicts. First in World War 1 with Woodrow Wilson, then in World War 2 with Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman, and lastly in the Cold War, with Harry Truman again. He lived until the presidency of Lyndon Johnson.  Family. Baruch's father was Simon Baruch, a Confederate soldier in the American Civil war, a physician, and then a Ku Klux Klan member. He had three brothers, and he was the second brother. They were Herman B. Baruch, Sailing Wolfe Baruch, and Hartwig Nathaniel Baruch. On 1897, when Baruch 27 years old, he married Annie Griffin needs link,an Episcopalian. Their children included Belle Baruch W., Bernard Baruch Jr., and Renée Baruch. (In order of birth). When the couple's first daughter, Belle, or Isabel Baruch was born, Baruch was so happy he wrote a poem about her. It went like this:  "Oh Isabel, Oh Isabel," "The day you were first visible," "Paternal pride and future hope" "We centered all in thee." "Oh Isabel, Oh Isabel" "We’re one and indivisible." "We constitute a family now," "Where there was two, there’s three" "(Baroness of Hobcaw, 4-5)". The two parents, Baruch and Griffin, had two different religious beliefs; Judaism and Episcopalianism. After an argument, both agreed that their two daughters would be raised Episcopalian and the boy whatever he chooses to believe.  Early Life and Education. Bernard Baruch was the one of 4 sons of Simon Baruch (father) and Isabelle (mother). Baruch's father was a confederate physician and surgeon in the American Civil War. After the war, Simon Baruch and his family traveled to New York City, where Bernard Baruch, his son, would be raised and live for most of his life. Baruch then studied at the College of the
The brook stickleback ("Culaea inconstans") is a stickleback that is distributed across the US and Canada. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Culaea. They are preyed upon by smallmouth bass and northern pike. Small populations are scattered throughout the Mississippi-Great Lakes basin extending to Colorado, New Mexico, Kentucky, Tennessee, etc., but sometimes, these places don't have these freshwater fish. Description. The brook stickleback has a small, compressed, and oblong-shaped body with a slim caudal peduncle and a fan-shaped tail. It can grow to a length of 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2.0 in). It has swollen lips resembles the ninespine stickleback in appearance but only with five, or occasionally six, dorsal spines. It also lacks lateral bony plates. Colouring. The colouring is grayish or olive green throughout the year with lots of indistinct mottling. During the spawning season, males are nearly black and females have darker and lighter patches. Distribution. "Culaea inconstans" occurs throughout the southern half of Canada and the northern part of the eastern United States. It is one of the smallest fishes in the region. Brackish water populations are extremely rare but possible. In Nebraska, brook sticklebacks are generally found in small streams in the northern portion of the state. They've been in Nebraska since the 1900s. Introduction in Europe. The brook stickleback is normally found in North America, but it has also been introduced in Europe. These little creatures were brought in upper drainage of the River Inn in Bavaria. In the 1960s, they were introduced alongside the genus "Micropterus" to Lohjanjärvi in southern Finland.
Acanthopleurus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Oligocene epoch. It is a relative of the modern triplespines. It's from the Oligocene of Glarus, Switzerland. According to the fossils, "Acanthopleurus" may have looked long in appearance. The body was probably laterally compressed. However, very little is known about this prehistoric fish.
Layla and Majnun (Arabic: مجنون ليلى) is an old story from Arabia about two lovers, Qays and Layla. Qays loved Layla very much, but her father didn't want them to be close to each other. Qays loved Layla so much that he couldn't stop thinking about her, and people started calling him "Majnun," which means "crazy". This story became popular in many countries like Persia, Turkey, Pakistan, and India. A Persian poet named Nizami Ganjavi wrote a famous poem about their love story in the 12th century. In the poem, Qays and Layla fall in love when they're young, but they can not be with each other. Many other poets were inspired by Nizami's poem and wrote their own stories about them.  Some of these stories became very popular in places like Turkey, Pakistan and India. Sufi mystics, who are people who have special beliefs about God and spirituality, also told stories about Majnun to explain ideas like love and giving up things for someone else. Nizami's poem has been translated into many languages. Story. "Qays ibn al-Mullawah" loved "Layla al-Aamiriya" very much. He wrote poems about her and people called him "Majnun" (crazy) because he couldn't stop thinking about her all the time. When he asked to marry Layla, her father said no because he thought Majnun was crazy. Layla got married to another man named Ward Althaqafi. Majnun was heartbroken and ran away to the desert, where he wandered alone. His family left food for him, but he was lost in his own world, reciting poetry and writing in the sand. Majnun's love for Layla was so strong that he disconnected from reality and searched for divine love in the desert. He didn't even recognize Layla when they met. Layla moved with her husband and became ill, eventually dying. Some say she died of a broken heart. Majnun was found dead near her grave
R-Stroy is a Russian construction company, founded in 2022. It has a large contract with the Russian Ministry of Construction to rebuild the city of Mariupol in Crimea. Its contract, worth $37million is for 40 projects. They include the refurbishment of the Illichivets Stadium, the rebuilding of two university campuses and the reconstruction of dozens of residential buildings in the Left Bank. 90% of the residential buildings in the city were damaged or destroyed in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The majority owner, Nikolay Milkis, is a former deputy governor of a Siberian province. Milkis worked for pharmaceutical giant R-Pharm when R-Stroy was founded. R-Pharm was founded by Alexey Repik, known in Russia as one of the “kings of winning government contracts,” according to Forbes. Repik was placed under sanctions in the UK in February 2023 for his “close working relationship with Putin”. Ivan Sibirev in March 2023, acquired 40% of R-Stroy. The other shareholders are Konstantin Nuriev, who founded the company and retains 5%, and Valeriy Zolotukhin, who bought 5% in March 2023. Zolotukhin is also the general director of hospital construction company Petrusco, which is owned by Daeva, Repik’s mother.
In mathematical logic and computer science, the Kleene star (or Kleene operator or Kleene closure) is a mathematical process or operation on sets of numbers, characters (like letters) or symbols. It is often used for regular expressions. As an example, if we take a set of numbers "or" characters and call it formula_1, and create a never-ending infinite list from all the numbers/characters of that set, with all the combinations that are possible by "reusing" any of those numbers/characters, even "multiple" "times", then we have created the Kleene star of formula_1. So, given a set, it's the set of all string combinations of members of that set, including number or character reusage.  Characters can be reused unlimited times, which is why the list is infinite. Example. Let's create a set called V, and put the symbols a and b in it. So here's the Kleene star applied to that set of characters:  {"a", "b"}+ = { "a", "b", "aa", "ab", "ba", "bb", "aaa", "aab", ...}.
Wuzhiqi or (Chinese: 巫支祁) is a thing from Chinese stories about strange things. Stories can say Wuzhiqi is a water monkey spirit. People started writing about it in the 9th century. According to a legend, it came out of the water when Emperor Yu was fighting floods. It looks like a monkey with a white head and blue body, and it can stretch its neck very far. Some stories say it is as strong as many elephants and can move very fast. The earliest story about Wuzhiqi is from a book written in the Tang dynasty. It talks about a fisherman meeting a monkey demon with a black body and white head in the Huai River. Another old book from the Song dynasty says Wuzhiqi lived in the Huai River and Emperor Yu fought it and won. The Wuzhiqi was trapped under Turtle Mountain to stop floods. Sometimes Wuzhiqi looks like a woman and has other names, for example Guishan Shuimu and Sizhou Virgin. Mythology. The first full story about Wuzhiqi was in a book called "Li Tang" from the Tang Dynasty. It said Wuzhi Qi looked like an ape with a long neck, strength like nine elephants, and fast speed. Legend says that, when King Yu tried to stop floods, he met Wuzhiqi, who caused trouble in the Huaihe River. After a big fight, King Yu used an iron rope to capture Wuzhiqi. Another book, "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty", also talked about Wuzhiqi. Some scholars think Wuzhiqi's story might be connected to a tale called "Xia Yao" from Yu Town. People in the mountains near Taihu Lake still tell the story. Over time, the legend of Wuzhiqi changed. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a Buddhist Wuzhiqi story appeared, and Wuzhiqi started to be in stories with the Jellyfish Empress. Later, the story changed into dramas and operas, like "The Great Sage of Sizhou Drops the Jellyfish". When the Huaisi River Basin flooded
Ishmael Bernal (September 30, 1938 – June 2, 1996) was a Filipino film director. He was known for his films that express social injustices and reflect on the struggles of ordinary Filipinos. In the 1970s, he was recognized as the Director of the Decade by the Catholic Mass Media Awards. In 2001, he was awarded National Artist for Cinema in the Philippines.
Halmasti or the Celestial Hound is a large horse-sized evil hound in Chitrali mythology of northern Pakistan. It is connected to the heavens, showing by its name, "halmasti", which means 'thunder' in Khowar. The Halmasti is said to be a large wolf with dark red fur, long limbs and a large mouth. Some stories say it can even breathe out fire. According to Chitrali stories, Halmasti only appears in places where either a baby is born or someone has died. People believe that these places shouldn't be left empty for seven days and nights; during this time, Quranic recitations should encircle the dead, while newborns should be sung lullabies. People were very careful around babies because they thought Halmasti might hurt them. That's why they wouldn't leave babies alone, and if they really had to, they would put something made of iron, often a knife or a blade, under the baby's pillow. It was believed that the Halmasti hated and avoided the metal and that iron was its weakness. Name and Origin. Chitral is a place where many different cultures meet. It is in the middle of West, Central and East Asia. Chitrali mythology is a mix of stories from Iranic, Turkic, and Chinese cultures, along with its own local stories. The origin of Halmasti is believed to be in ancient Sumer where it was known as a female demon "Littu". Later, Semitic people called it "Lillith", spreading throughout European stories as a child snatcher. Iranic people called it "Al" or "Hal", a witch who snatched children. In the Turkic world, "Al-Basti" hunted guilty souls. The name Halmasti comes from the Turkic word "Al-Basti," but its description differs. Chitrali stories say Halmasti is like the Tiangou (Heavenly Dog) from ancient Chinese tales. It was a celestial hound that came from the sky with thunder and lightning to eat the sun and moon, causing eclipses and mischief among children. Mythology.
Rabab Al-Kadhimi (, also known as Rabab Al-Kazimi; 30 July 1918 – 1998) was an Iraqi poet who wrote about women's rights and a dentist. She is also known for her contributions to women's poetry. Early life and career. Rabab al-Kadhimi was born in Cairo on 23 August 1918. Her father, the Iraqi poet , supported her interest in poetry. Her mother, Aisha, from Tunisia, died when Rabab was ten years old. Her father's support encouraged her to write, and she started publishing her poems in Egyptian magazines during the 1920s and 1930s. Some of her poems were so political that both she and her father got threats from Egyptian authorities. Her father died when she was eighteen, and soon after, she was invited to Iraq to join a memorial for him. She later joined the Princess Fawzia School in Egypt in 1936, funded by the Iraqi Ministry of Education. After returning to Egypt, Al-Kadhimi married Hikmat Chadirji and had a son. However, in 1950, she decided to go on education and started dentistry education. She was educated at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, specializing in pediatric dentistry (dentistry for children). The couple later went back to Iraq, where Chadirji got a position in the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Meanwhile, Al-Kadhimi continued her job and by 1956, she became the Head of Dentistry at a hospital in Baghdad. After some time, they returned to Egypt. After that, Al-Kadhimi used her medical knowledge to give care to the people who were injured during the Algerian Revolution. She died in 1998.
Shih Shu-tuan (; born 5 April 1952, in Lukang, Taiwan), is a Taiwanese feminist writer. She also uses the pen name Li Ang (). She finished her studies in philosophy at Chinese Culture University and she later studied drama at the University of Oregon. Li Ang then returned to teach at her old university. Her main work is "The Butcher's Wife" (殺夫: 1983, tr. 1986), but she has written many other novels. Her stories often contain feminist themes and sexuality, and many take place in Lukang. Career. "The Butcher's Wife" criticizes traditional Chinese patriarchy. The story tells about a female character who is forced into marriage with a much older, cruel butcher by her dead father's brother. The butcher abuses her sexually and scares her in various ways, such as a visit to the slaughterhouse. In a confused state, the main character in the end, kills him with a butcher's knife. Li Ang is famous for her unique, honest, and deep insights into gender politics in modern Taiwan society. She started writing when she was just 16 years old and has since written nearly twenty novels and collections of short stories. Her works mainly tell about women's issues such as sexuality during adolescence, feminism, gender roles, and female experiences. For her courage in using topics that are often considered "hard to talk about" Taiwanese culture, critics both in China and around the world praised her. Her books have been translated into many languages and are sold worldwide. Major newspapers like "The New York Times" told about her books and some films and television series used them. In 2004, Li Ang received the “Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres” from the French Minister of Culture and Communication for her important contributions to global literature. Works. This is a complete list of Li Ang's works published in Taiwan as well as the English translations of her work.