ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
San Cristóbal is a province of the Dominican Republic. It is along the south coast of the country. Its capital city has the same name, San Cristóbal. Name. The province has the name of the capital city, San Cristóbal, but it was created with the name Trujillo, after the dictator Rafael Trujillo, who was born in that city. History. The province of San Cristóbal was created on 1932 with the municipalities of San Cristóbal, Baní, Monte Plata, Yamasá, Villa Mella, La Victoria, San José de Ocoa and Bonao; its capital was the city of San Cristóbal. In 1934, the name was changed to Provincia Trujillo with the municipalities of San Cristóbal, Baní, Monte Plata, Yamasá, Villa Mella, La Victoria, Guerra and Bayaguana. In 1961, the name was changed again to the present one, Provincia San Cristóbal. When the Monte Plata province was created in 1982, the San Cristóbal province had the municipalities of San Cristóbal, Villa Altagracia, Bajos de Haina and Yaguate, and the municipal districts of Cambita Garabitos and Sabana Grande de Palenque. Cambita Garabitos became a municipality in 1987, Sabana Grande de Palenque in 1997, San Gregorio de Nigua in 2001 and Los Cacaos in 2004. In 2004, Hato Damas became a municipal district; El Carril in 2001; San José del Puerto, Medina and La Cuchilla in 2002; and Cambita el Pueblecito in 2005. Location. The San Cristóbal province is in the southern part of the country. It is bordered to the north by the Monseñor Nouel province, to the northeast by the Monte Plata province, to the east by the Santo Domingo province and to the west by the Peravia and San José de Ocoa province. The Caribbean Sea is to the
Reading Football Club are an football club in Reading, Berkshire. The team plays in the Football League. The team play at the Madejski Stadium, named after their owner, John Madejski. They are currently managed by José Manuel Gomes. History. Reading were formed on 25 December 1871 and were known for many years as 'the Biscuitmen' because of the local biscuit factory in the town.
The Edict of Nantes was a law that allowed people to be Protestants in France from 1598 to 1685. It was signed in Nantes by King Henry IV in April 1598, although some provinces blocked it until 1610. The purpose of the law was to make peace after the French Wars of Religion. Henry IV was a former Huguenot (French Protestant) who had changed his religion to being Catholic so that he could be the king of France. The edict was an early example of freedom of religion in Europe. However, it did not make Catholics and Protestants equal. It said that the Catholic Church was the national religion of France. It only allowed people to be Protestants in certain areas, where they were allowed to defend their own fortress towns. They also still had to pay money to the Catholic Church and have Catholic holidays. Many Catholics in France hated the idea of allowing people to be Protestant, while the Protestants thought that it did not go far enough. The Edict of Nantes was weakened during the reign of King Louis XIII, with many of the fortress towns being captured by the government. In 1685, King Louis XIV replaced the Edict of Nantes with the Edict of Fontainebleau, which banned people from being Protestant. This made many Huguenots leave the country, and a hundred years later there were not many left. In 1787, King Louis XVI made it legal for people to be Protestant again. During the French Revolution a few years later, France gave people full freedom of religion. Opposition. Louis XIV did not like the Edict of Nantes. Being an absolute ruler, Louis thought that there should be one king, one nation, and one church only - and that church had to be the Roman Catholic Church. The king let Roman Catholics persecute Huguenots even after the Edict. He hoped the Huguenots would become Roman Catholics. Finally, in 1685 King Louis withdrew the Edict of Nantes. The government declared that no one could believe in any religion except Roman Catholicism. Anyone joining in a Protestant service could die. Because of this, many Huguenots
The cross product is a mathematical operation which can be done between two three-dimensional vectors. It is often represented by the symbol formula_1. After performing the cross product, a new vector is formed. The cross product of two vectors is always perpendicular (it makes a corner-shaped angle) to both of the vectors which were "crossed". This means that cross product normally works only in three-dimensional space; that is, anywhere where you can go up or down, left or right, and forward or backwards. Information about vectors. A vector is information that describes two things: which way (direction), and how much (magnitude). Usually, the simplest vector can be an arrow. How long is the line, and which way does the line and the pointed end of the arrow go? Importance of the cross product. Being a vector operation, the cross product is extremely important in all sorts of sciences (particularly physics), engineering, and mathematics. One important example of the cross product involves torque (pushing or pulling in a circle, like twisting off a bottle cap.) or moment. Another important application involves the magnetic field. Visualizing the cross product in three dimensions. The cross product of formula_2 and formula_3 is a vector that we shall call formula_4: formula_5 The vector formula_6 is perpendicular to both formula_7 and formula_8. The direction of formula_6 is determined by a variation of the right-hand rule. By holding your right hand as shown in the picture, your thumb points in the direction of formula_4 (the cross product of formula_7 and formula_8), with the index finger pointing in the direction that formula_7 points, and the middle finger pointing in the direction that formula_8 points. If the angle between the index (your pointer finger) and middle (second finger away from your thumb) fingers is greater than 180°, then you need to turn the hand upside down. How to calculate the cross product in vector notation. Like most mathematical operations, the cross product can be done in a straightforward way. Two dimensions. Since cross products usually only work for three-dimensional vectors, the calculation of cross product in two dimensions thinks of the vectors as if they
The Communist Party of Bangladesh () is a Marxist-Leninist political party in Bangladesh, founded in 1968 as the Communist Party of East Pakistan.
Trial by ordeal was a way to decide if someone was guilty or innocent of a crime. This was usually done by causing the accused person to do a painful task. If that task was completed without injury or if the injuries healed fast, this was taken as a "sign of God", which meant that the accused was innocent. People believed that God would not allow innocent people to be harmed. He would therefore help them by doing a miracle. There were three common types of Trial by Ordeal:  Ordeals had to be watched over by a religious person, such as a priest, because each ordeal was supposed to show the judgement of God. In England, Ordeals were common up to and including the reign of Henry II, who introduced Trials by Jury. In pre-modern society, the ordeal typically was done together with the oath and witness accounts as the central means by which to reach a verdict. The term "ordeal" itself, Old English "ordǣl", has the meaning of "judgment, verdict" (German "Urteil", Dutch "oordeel"), from Proto-Germanic "*uzdailjam" "that which is dealt out". In Europe, ordeals commonly required an accused person to test himself or herself against fire or water. How this was done varied in detail, and was different at different places and times. In England, ordeals were common under both the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans. Fire was the element typically used to test noble defendants, while water was more commonly used by lesser folk.  Priestly cooperation in trials by fire and water was forbidden by Pope Innocent III at the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, and replaced by compurgation. Trials by ordeal became more rare over the Late Middle Ages, often replaced by confessions extracted under torture, but the practice was discontinued only in the 16th century. Johannes Hartlieb in 1456 reports a popular superstition for how to identify a thief by an ordeal by ingestion practiced privately without judicial sanction.  Trial by ordeal has existed in polytheistic cultures as far back as the Code of Hammurabi and the Code of Ur-Nammu, and in animist tribal societies, such as the trial by drinking "red water" (calabar bean) in Sierra Leone. There the intended effect is magical rather than calling forth justice from a god.
Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (7 April 1882 ; Brandenburg an der Havel- 30 June 1934 ; Babelsburg) was chancellor of Germany in the last days of the Weimar Republic, before Adolf Hitler became Chancellor and Führer (dictator). He was also earlier known for being a general during World War I, under Paul von Hindenburg, the President of Germany whilst Schleicher was Chancellor. General Schleicher cooperated with the Nazis in the 1920s. He helped them with weapons and military training.  He was killed as a main target during the Night of the Long Knives by the SS. Hitler justified his actions the next day by announcing that Von Schleicher and Ernst Röhm were plotting to overthrow him. His wife, Elizabeth, was also killed in the attack.
The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an orchestra based in Vienna, Austria. It is thought of as one of the greatest orchestras in the world. The orchestra play in a concert hall called the Musikverein. Before becoming a member of the Vienna Philharmonic the musicians have to work for at least three years in the opera house (the Vienna State Opera). Then they are allowed to try to become a member of the Vienna Philharmonic. History. The orchestra started in 1842, when Otto Nicolai formed the "Philharmonische Academie". The members of this orchestra made all the decisions about how the orchestra should be organized, and the orchestra still works in this way today. When Nicolai left in 1847, the orchestra nearly came to an end. They did not play very much until 1860, when Karl Anton Eckert joined as conductor. Since then, the orchestra has given concerts all the time. From 1875 to 1898 Hans Richter was principal conductor, except for the season 1882-1883 when he had an argument with the orchestral committee. During the time Richter was conductor the orchestra gave the first performances of several very famous works, including Symphonies no 2 and 3 by Brahms and Symphony no 8 by Anton Bruckner. Gustav Mahler was their conductor from 1898 to 1901. During this time the orchestra played abroad for the first time. They played at the 1900 Paris World Exposition. The next conductors of the orchestra were Felix Weingartner, Wilhelm Furtwängler and Clemens Krauss. Since 1933, the orchestra has not had one main conductor, but instead it has many guest conductors who have stayed for short periods. These have included a great many of the world's best known conductors, including Richard Strauss, Arturo Toscanini, Hans Knappertsbusch, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Karl Böhm, John Barbirolli, Herbert von Karajan, Carlo Maria Giulini, Georg Solti, Erich Kleiber, James Levine, Zub
The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (in German: Gewandhausorchester Leipzig or just Gewandhausorchester) is a famous German orchestra based in Leipzig, Germany. It is named after the concert hall in which it is based, the Gewandhaus (pronounce: “Ge-VANT-house”). The word “Gewandhaus” means "Textiles Hall". It is a hall that originally was used for people to buy and sell textiles. History of the orchestra. The beginnings of the orchestra go back to 1743, when a society called the "Grosses Concert" began performing in private homes. In 1744 the "Grosses Concert" moved its concerts to the "Three Swans" Tavern. Their concerts continued there for 36 years. Gradually more and more people started to complain about the noise and the behaviour in the tavern, so in 1780 the mayor and city council of Leipzig offered to let the orchestra use part of the Gewandhaus, the building where the merchants were selling textiles. The orchestra gave its first concert in the Gewandhaus in 1781. It is the oldest orchestra in Germany, apart from private orchestras who belonged to rich people. In 1835 the great composer Felix Mendelssohn became the orchestra's main conductor (music director). He was called the "Gewandhauskapellmeister". He kept this position, apart from one year, until his death in 1847. In 1885, the orchestra moved into a new hall which was given the same name. This was destroyed by bombing in World War II in 1944. The present Gewandhaus is the third building with the name. It was opened in 1981. The orchestra gives concerts in Leipzig and all over the world, and makes many recordings. They also play at the Thomaskirche, the church where Johann Sebastian Bach used to work, and as the official opera orchestra of the Leipzig Opera. Later principal conductors included Arthur Nikisch, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Bruno Walter, and Václav Neumann. From 1970 to 1996, Kurt Masur was Gewandhauskapellme
"For the Wikipedia , see "What is a troll?". For other uses see Troll (disambiguation)" A troll is someone who tries to make people angry by saying things on the Internet. The purpose is to excite strong an online community. This is to get a reaction from other online users, or to cause problems. In social networks platforms, a troll is a user who make inflammatory or inappropriate comments for the sole purpose of other users and provoking a response. If someone acts like a troll, this is called trolling. Sometimes trolling can get a user banned from a website or platform as it can be disruptive. Some users do it to be humorous when they know others will be angry. The best solution is to ignore trolls and to not give them the attention they want. This has become known as "don't feed the trolls". In October 2012, the internet news site Gawker, publicly revealed the name of an internet troll who had called himself "Violentacrez". Michael Brutcsh had collected photos of young girls from Facebook, often in bikinis or short skirts, and them posted them on the site Reddit. He also posted photos of women, taken without their permission, which focused on their breasts or bottoms. His actions made many people very angry. Brutsch said he was an internet troll because "...I just like riling people up in my spare time." There are a lot of efforts to detect and ban trolls on social network platforms such as "TrollSpot"of the website and other members of the team whom are also users of the social media website use machine learning techniques or what is known as a computer robot to propose a wide approach to detect trolls. The "Trollface" is an image that is occasionally used to indicate trolling in Internet culture. What is a troll? The term "troll" is subjective, meaning that it depends on interpretation. Trolling usually involves joking around to mess up other people or communities.  Sometimes, people may think a certain post is considered trolling, while others claim it is constructive, no matter how controversial this post is. Some strong acts of trolling involve harassment, but some acts of trolling are considered funny off-topic jokes.  The term
Santalales is an order of flowering plants. It has eight families, 151 genera, and about 1,000 species. All the families in Santalales are parasitic to some degree. They attach either to the roots or branches of their hosts. Mistletoe is the common name for some of the parasitic plants in the order.
Chivalry is a word from Old French in medieval times when it meant the use of a horse, thus cavalry and knighthood. Later, it meant the qualities of honour and love. Today, the terms "chivalry" and "chivalrous" are used to describe courteous behavior, especially that of men towards women. Related pages. Cross-cultural comparison
A digraph (from the , "dís", 'double' and γράφω, "gráphō", 'write'), also known as a bigraph, digram or bigram, is a string of two letters where the number of written characters does not match the number of sounds that are spoken. In other words, two letters are used to represent one phoneme (distinct sound). For example, since there are no single letters in English alphabet to represent the sounds /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /θ/, English uses a string of two letters to represent the sounds in the same order "sh", "ch", and "th." While other sounds such as /f/ and /ʍ/ already have letters that correspond to the sounds, "f" and "hw", digraphs "ph" and "wh" are used in some words to show their etymologies (origins of words) rather than their current pronunciation.
"Bože pravde" ; ; "God of Justice") is the national anthem of Serbia, enshrined in Article 7 of the Constitution. It has been around since the 19th century; the music was composed by Slovene musician Davorin Jenko (Davorin Yenko) and the lyrics were written by Jovan Đorđević (Yovan Gyorgyevich) in 1872. Ten years later, it was first adopted when the Kingdom of Serbia was formed, which then lasted until 1919, a year after the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (then known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) was formed. It was fully relinquished in 1945 and was replaced by "Hej, Slaveni!". Shortly after Serbia and Montenegro split, "Bože pravde" was readopted in November 2006.
"Mitrovica can also refer to Kosovska Mitrovica, a city in Kosovo" Sremska Mitrovica is a city in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Today, about 39.000 people live in the city, about 85.000 in its urban area. The city has a long history going back to the Romans. Many Roman emperors were born in or around the city.
A Troll is a Nordic mythological creature, may be: elves, dwarves, or monsters. Is a usually a giant that lives in caverns or undergrounds. It is also a well known internet meme. They are quite short in stature and are violent in nature as their name suggests. Their appearance is similar to that of a goblin. They tend to live in caves and under bridges. Some say they are huge others say they're dwarves. These monsters live under bridges, in burrows underground or in caves. They rarely leave their lairs during the day because sunlight turns them into stone. Water trolls are agile in water but clumsy on land. But they all have strong teeth and jaws. Gallery. Gallery of trolls as imagined by various Nordic artists.
Dinornis is an extinct genus of ratite birds. They are ostrich-like birds of gigantic size, known as Moa. They were unique to New Zealand. The genus has five species: "D. novaezealandiae"  "D. giganteus" &lt;br&gt; "D. struthoides"&lt;br&gt; "Dinornis" new lineage A  "Dinornis" new lineage B &lt;br&gt;
The Moscow Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Moscow, Russia. It was started in 1989. It was the first orchestra that was started in modern Russia with private money, not with money from the government. The orchestra have played under famous Russian conductors and with famous soloists, including Yuri Bashmet and Vadim Repin. The orchestra's main conductor is Vladimir Ziva, and its main guest conductor is Ignat Solzhenitsyn. The Orchestra have given concerts in United States, Japan, South Korea and Western Europe.
The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra is an orchestra based in Saint Petersburg in Russia. It is the oldest orchestra in Russia. It has had several changes of name because of the way that Russia has often changed. The orchestra started in 1882. It was then called the "Imperial Music Choir". It was the orchestra that belonged to the emperor and it played privately for the court of Alexander III of Russia.  By the 1900s it had started to give public performances. Richard Strauss conducted the orchestra in 1912. After the Russian Revolution the country no longer had a tsar. The town of Saint Petersburg changed its name to Petrograd, so the orchestra's name changed to "State Philharmonic Orchestra of Petrograd". In the 1920s the orchestra began to get money from the state. It was an excellent orchestra and was famous abroad. Guest conductors who conducted the orchestra included Bruno Walter, Ernest Ansermet and Hans Knappertsbusch at this time. Around this time the orchestra changed its name to Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, because the city had changed its name again, this time to "Leningrad". Evgeny Mravinsky conducted the orchestra for 50 years. They were not allowed to travel abroad, so they were only known outside Russia (the USSR) by their gramophone recordings. Symphony no 8 by Shostakovich was one famous work of which they gave the first performance. By 1991 Leningrad had changed its name again to Saint Petersburg, so the orchestra was renamed Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra. It is an internationally well-known orchestra. Their conductor today is Yuri Temirkanov.
Robert Gerard Tapert (born 14 May 1955) is an American movie producer. He produced ', ', "" and "Legend of the Seeker", all filmed in Auckland, New Zealand. Tapert's partner is Sam Raimi.  Tapert married Lucy Lawless on 28 March 1998. Together they have two sons, Julius Robert Bay Tapert (born 16 October 1999) and Judah Miro Tapert (born 7 May 2002). Tapert is stepdad to Lawless' daughter from a previous marriage, Daisy Lawless (born 15 July 1988).
Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai The NHK Symphony Orchestra is a Japanese orchestra based in Tokyo, Japan. In Japanese it is written: NHK交響楽団, pronounced: Enueichikei Kōkyō Gakudan. When the orchestra was started in 1926 it was called "New Symphony Orchestra". It was the first large professional orchestra in Japan. Later, it changed its name to "Japan Symphony Orchestra". In 1951 it started to get money from the Japanese radio station NHK (Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai), so it changed its name again to the name it has now. It is thought of as the best orchestra in Japan. They have played in many parts of the world, including at the BBC Proms in London. Vladimir Ashkenazy is the orchestra's main conductor (music director) and Charles Dutoit is music director emeritus. Wolfgang Sawallisch is honorary conductor laureate.
The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra in Tel Aviv is the most famous orchestra in Israel. It is usually called the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, or abbreviated IPO. In Hebrew it is written: , pronounced: "ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisre'elit". It was started in 1936 by the violinist Bronisław Huberman when it was known as the Palestine Orchestra. At this time the Nazis were in power in Germany and Jews were being persecuted. Many European orchestras were getting rid of their Jewish musicians. The orchestra gave their first concert in Tel Aviv on 26 December 1936, and was conducted by Arturo Toscanini. The orchestra tours to many parts of the world. In 1971 they visited Germany. Some of the world's greatest conductors have conducted the orchestra. Leonard Bernstein and Zubin Mehta in particular have had a close relationship with them. They did not have a main conductor until 1977 when Mehta was made Music Director.  The IPO have made many recordings with Mehta, and also with Bernstein. After 1938 the orchestra have refused to play the music of Richard Wagner because he was anti-Jewish. Musical Advisors/Music Directors. Until 1977 the orchestra had no Music Directors. The conductors most closely associated with the orchestra were called "musical advisors".