ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War was a war between Ethiopia and Eritrea. It lasted from May 1998 to June 2000. Both countries spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the war, and tens of thousands of people were killed by the conflict. The war resulted in small changes to the border between the two countries. Eritrea's war of independence lasted for 30 years, on and off; it was started in 1961 and finished in 1991 when Eritrea finally became independent. While this was going on, there was also a civil war in Ethiopia, which began in 1975. This war was started by Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) as a rebellion to overthrow the Marxist military dictatorship of Derg (a military committee that had overthrown Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974). TPLF and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front were formidable allies during the civil war, but then Ethiopia and Eritrea could not agree on where the border was after Eritrea's independence. One of the main areas of conflict was focused on Badme. Events. The war took place from May 1998 to June 2000. It become one of the most violent wars in Africa. Ethiopia and Eritrea are some of the poorest countries in the world, but hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on the wars. Tens of thousands of people were killed in the conflicts. The fighting quickly increased to using artillery and tanks. On 5 June 1998, the Ethiopians launched air attacks on the airport in Asmara and the Eritreans retaliated by attacking the airport of Mekele. These raids caused civilian casualties and deaths on both sides of the border. The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1177 condemning the use of force and welcomed statements from both sides to end the air strikes. After the war. The border dispute was settled on 13 April 2002, when an international court heard the case and made a decision. It was decided that the area around Badme belonged to Eritrea. This area, however, was occupied by Ethiopian forces. On 10 December 2005, Ethiopia announced that it was withdrawing some of its forces from the border. As of 2013, Ethiopia still occupies Badme.
The Division of Wills is an Australian Electoral Division of Victoria.  The division includes the northern Melbourne suburbs of Brunswick, Coburg, Pascoe Vale, Fawkner, Glenroy, and Essendon Airport. It was named after William John Wills, of the Burke and Wills expedition. Members. Wills has been one of the safest Labor seats in the country. It has been held by Labor except between the 1992 by-election and the 1996 federal election. During this time it was held by independent Phil Cleary. The seat was held by Prime Minister Bob Hawke. The 1992 by-election is remarkable for a number of reasons. It was caused by Bob Hawke's retirement from parliament. A record 22 people stood for election. It was won by an independent, Phil Cleary. However he was on unpaid leave from the state education system and the Australian Constitution forbids people employed by the government from standing for election. No replacement by-election was held as the court decision which threw out the results was made shortly before a general election was due.
The Mall is a short but important road in London. It runs from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Whitehall, right near Trafalgar Square. On the way, it runs through Admiralty Arch. It is closed to traffic on Sundays and public holidays, and on ceremonial occasions.  The Mall was built as a ceremonial route in the early 20th century. There are similar ceremonial routes in cities such as Berlin, Mexico City, Oslo, Paris, Saint Petersburg, Vienna and Washington, D.C.. These routes are often used for major national ceremonies. When the Mall was built, a new façade (front face) was constructed for Buckingham Palace, and the Victoria Memorial was erected.  The Queen Victoria Memorial is in front of the gates of the Palace, whilst Admiralty Arch at the far end leads into Trafalgar Square. The length of The Mall from where it joins Constitution Hill at the Victoria Memorial end to Admiralty Arch is exactly . St. James's Park is on the south side of The Mall, opposite Green Park and St James's Palace, on the north side. Running off The Mall at its eastern end is Horse Guards Parade, where the Trooping the Colour ceremony is held. The surface of The Mall is coloured red to give the effect of a giant red carpet leading up to Buckingham Palace. This colour was obtained using synthetic iron oxide pigment from Deanshanger Oxide Works (Deanox), which was created using the Deanox Process devised by chemist Ernest Lovell.  On VE Day – 8 May 1945 – the Palace was the centre of British celebrations. The King, Queen and Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret were on the balcony behind them, to the cheers from a vast crowd on The Mall. During state visits, the monarch and the visiting head of state are escorted in a state carriage up The Mall, and the street is decorated with Union Flags and the flags of the visiting head of state's country. During the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II in 2002, over one million people packed The Mall to watch the public displays and the appearance of the Royal Family on the palace balcony. These scenes were repeated in 2011 for the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, and again in 2012 for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, and the Diamond Jubilee concert.
Innamincka is a very small town in north-east South Australia. It is 1065 km northeast of Adelaide and 459 km from Lyndhurst up the Strzelecki Track. It is on the banks of Cooper Creek in the state's Channel Country, and surrounded by the Strzelecki, Tirari and Sturt Stony Deserts. It is within Innamincka Regional Reserve. In 2006 there were 131 people living in the town. History. The area was the traditional home of the Yandruwandha, Aborigines. The first European to visit the area was Charles Sturt in 1845. He was followed by A C Gregory in 1858 and then Burke and Wills. A monument to Sturt, Burke and Wills was built in Innamincka in 1944. In 1882 a police camp was set up and a small settlement followed. From 7 April 1889, a Royal Mail coach ran fortnightly from Farina, operated by merchants Davey and Pilkington. The town was first named Hopetoun after the Governor of Victoria, the Earl of Hopetoun but it was never popular with locals. The town was never very large, but had a hotel, a store and a police station. Until 1901 the police station was also the customs post for collecting duties on cattle brought overland from Queensland into South Australia. In 1928 the Australian Inland Mission built a hospital here, the Elizabeth Symon Nursing Home. Severe drought and poor access to the settlement resulted in the hotel and hospital closing. In 1951 the police post closed and the town was abandoned. Increased tourism and discovery of gas and oil in the late 1960s led to the formation of "Cooper Creek Hotel Motel Pty Ltd". The company opened a hotel, a store and accommodation in the abandoned town. In 1994 the Elizabeth Symon Nursing Home was restored by Dick Smith and "Australian Geographic" and used as a visitor centre for South Australian Parks and Wildlife.  The town common, on the banks of the Cooper, is popular with campers, as are the town's public coin-in
Oxford Street is a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. It is Europe's busiest shopping street, and has about 300 shops. Oxford Street was named Oxford street in 1729 and its 1.5 miles long.  The street forms part of the A40 road, which connects London to Oxford. Like many roads in central London which are no longer through routes it is not signposted with the road number. Roughly halfway along Oxford Street is Oxford Circus, a busy intersection with Regent Street. A diagonal crossing at Oxford Circus opened in 2009, currently the only one of its kind in central London.
Oxford Circus is the busy intersection of Oxford Street and Regent Street in the West End of London. It is served by Oxford Circus tube station, which is directly beneath the junction itself. History. The Circus was constructed in the beginning of the 19th century, and was designed by John Nash. Diagonal crossing. In 2009, Westminster City Council started a £4m scheme for the area, allowing shoppers to cross the intersection diagonally as well as the usual 'straight ahead', turning it into a "pedestrian scramble", much like Tokyo's Shibuya crossing.  The crossing opened on November 2nd of the same year, by which time the cost had risen to £5 million. The Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, said it was "a triumph for British engineering, Japanese innovation and good old common sense". Others noted that a similar crossing in Balham, South London had opened in 2005 at a cost of only £98,000.
Lake Karachay is a small lake in the Ural Mountains. It lies in Chelyabinsk Oblast, near the town of Ozyorsk. Ozyork was a closed city; the people who worked there built Russia's first nuclear power plant, at Mayak. The lake was used to dump radioactive waste that resulted from operating the Mayak site, from about 1951. This waste had been dumped into the Techa River beforehand. From about 1956, it was also stored in tanks. The lake is near Mayak, which is the name of a number of nuclear facilities, about 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Ekaterinburg in Russia.
Hobart Ray Brown (February 27, 1934 – November 7, 2007) was an American sculptor. He was known for finding the Kinetic Sculpture Race in 1969. Brown was born on February 27, 1934 in Hess, Oklahoma. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Brown studied at Van Nuys High School, just a few classes from Marilyn Monroe. He was divorced two times. Brown had four children. Brown had a stroke in May 2007. Brown died on November 7, 2007 from pneumonia in Redwood City, California, aged 73.
Roberto Cabral del Hoyo (August 7, 1913 – October 4, 1999) was a Mexican poet, historian, and writer. He was known for his written works "Filly Pearl", "To My Roots of the Earth", "Three", "Against the Dark Wind", and "Word". Hoyo was born on August 7, 1913 in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. He was never married and had no children. Hoyo died on October 4, 1999 from pneumonia in his hometown and were he lived in Zacatecas, Mexico, aged 86.
Santa Barbara, California is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. As of 2020, 88,665 people lived there. It is the second largest city in the county, just after Santa Maria, California.
Otavalo is the capital of Otavalo Canton, is a large busy town in the Imbabura Province of Ecuador. The town has about 90,000 citizens and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes such as Imbabura 4,630m, Cotacachi 4,995m, and the Mojanda volcanoes. The indigenous Otavalo people are famous for weaving textiles, usually made of wool, which are sold at the Saturday market called "Plaza de los Ponchos". The shops sell textiles such as handmade blankets, tablecloths, and much more. The Otavalo market is made of mushroom-shaped concrete umbrellas with benches. The market dates back to the 1870s and is one of the largest outdoor markets in South America. The city also has El Parque Bolívar, a large park in the central square of Otavalo. Sometimes it is called Parque Central as well. It is surrounded by the city's government building and Iglesia de San Luís, a church with an octagonal clocktower. The church was originally built 1676–79.  The railway station is in the southern part of the town center behind Copacabana Market, 2,532 metres (8,307 ft) above sea level.
The North–South divide is a term often used in the geography of socio-economics. It describes a difference in economic development between the north and south of the world. The North is made up of mostly developed countries in the Northern Hemisphere – those of Europe and North America. The South is made up of mostly developing and undeveloped countries – those in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Many of them are in the Southern Hemisphere. The North is home to four of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and all members of the G8.
Sônia Braga (born June 8, 1950) is a Brazilian and American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She starred in "The Rookie" and "Moon over Parador". She has also been in a few television programs, including "". She is the aunt of the Brazilian actress Alice Braga.
Trading Mom (also released as "The Mommy Market") is a 1994 fantasy/comedy movie written and directed by Tia Brelis. Starring Sissy Spacek and Anna Chlumsky, it features the final acting role of André the Giant, who died a year before the movie was released. Plot. Elizabeth, Jeremy, and Harry Martin are three children who have had up to the edge with their mother, a nagging workaholic. Soon, they meet a mysterious gardener named Mrs. Cavour, who tells the siblings of an ancient spell that will make their mother disappear. After saying the incantation one night, the next morning, their mother has disappeared along with their memories of her. Mrs. Cavour tells the children of a place in town called the Mommy Market, where they have about every kind of mother one can think of. The Mommy Market has a policy, however, that one receives three tokens to take one of the mothers home, and if the children do not find a suitable mother by their third token, they could not return. Unfortunately for the children, the mothers they pick, a snappy French woman, a nature-hiker, and a circus performer, do not sit well with the kids, now feeling lost without a guardian to look after them. They want their own mother and try to remember something about her to break the spell.
A thioester is a molecule with a group C-S-CO-C. They are like esters, but with a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen one. Like esters, they can be made from carboxylic acids. In the synthesis, a thiol is used instead of an alcohol.  Thioesters are very important in biochemistry. They are made in the body during reactions that make fatty acids. They are also important intermediates in the production of ATP, which is the molecule that gives energy to the body. In chemistry, thioesters can be also used as electrophiles. They are more reactive than esters and amides. They can also do aldol reactions.
A sulfone is a molecule that has a sulfur atom with bonds to two oxygen atoms. The sulfur has two double bonds to the two oxygens. It has a single bond with the other two groups. They are usually made by oxidising thioethers. They are used in many important chemical reactions. For example, the Julia olefination uses a sulfone to make an alkene from an aldehyde. They are also sometimes used as solvents.
John Grinham Kerr (November 15, 1931 – February 2, 2013) was an American actor and lawyer. As an actor. he worked in movies, television and on stage. He won a Tony Award in 1954. Early life. Kerr was born on November 15, 1931 in New York City, New York. His parents were British actor Geoffrey Kerr and American actress June Walker. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard University. Career. Kerr had a major role in the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "South Pacific" (1958), playing Lt. Joe Cable, the newly arrived marine about to be sent on a dangerous spy mission. In "The Crowded Sky" (1960), Kerr played a pilot who helps the Captain (Dana Andrews) steer a crippled airliner back to earth. Another movie appearance was in Roger Corman's "The Pit and the Pendulum" (1961). In 1963, Kerr had a continuing role on "Arrest and Trial", playing Assistant DA Barry Pine. Personal life. Kerr was married to Priscilla Smith from 1952 until they divorced in 1972. Then he was married to Barbara Chu from 1979 until his death in 2013. He had three children with Smith. Death. Kerr died on February 2, 2013 in Pasadena, California from heart failure, aged 81.
Krsto Papić (December 7, 1933 – February 7, 2013) was a Croatian screenwriter and movie director. His career lasted for almost 50 years. He retired in 2012. He was nominated for a Golden Globe in 1989. Papić was born on December 7, 1933 in Vučji Do, near Nikšić, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Papić died on February 7, 2013 from stomach cancer in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 79.
A thioether is a molecule with the group R-S-R. The first atom in R is a carbon. Thioether take their name from ethers. They have a sulfur instead of an oxygen atom between the two R. Thioethers can have very bad smells like thiols. They can also be called sulfides. The C-S-C bond is at nearly 90 degrees. Thioethers are important in biology. They are present in some amino acids. Petroleum has many thioethers in it as well. Thioethers can be made in the laboratory by the reaction of a thiol with a base and an electrophile. They can do many interesting reactions. It is easy to oxidise them to sulfoxides and then sulfones.  Dimethyl sulfide is the simplest thioether. It is used in important reactions like the Swern oxidation. This makes aldehydes starting from alcohols.
Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore is a fictional character of the "Harry Potter" series. He was the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry until his death in 1996. He first found Harry when he was a little boy and since then they developed a relationship. In the "Harry Potter" movies he is played first by Richard Harris, and then by Michael Gambon after Harris died, and a younger version of the character was played by Jude Law. He had two siblings, Aberforth Dumbledore and Ariana Dumbledore. Dumbledore is killed by Severus Snape in the sixth book/movie, after Draco Malfoy failed to do so. However, his character's backstory is explored in the last book of the series. His death would lead to the final battle between Harry Potter and Voldemort. Though it is never mentioned in any of the books, the author announced publicly that Dumbledore is gay.
Barney Martin (March 3, 1923 – March 21, 2005) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Morty Seinfeld, father of Jerry, on the famous sitcom "Seinfeld". Martin was born on March 3, 1923 in Queens, New York to an Irish-Catholic family. Martin died on March 21, 2005 in his home in Studio City, California from lung cancer, aged 82.
Elizabeth Anne Velásquez (; born March 13, 1989) is an American woman whose rare medical condition has led her to become an author and public speaker. Early life and background. She was born on 13 March 1989. Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012, a time when she was near to finishing college from Texas State University majoring in communication studies. Her birth weight was only 2 pounds 11 ounces. She was raised by her mother Rita and father Guadalupe as their first child. She has 2 younger sisters. She is from Austin, Texas. Living with NPS. Only two other people in the world are known to have the condition she is living with. The oldest woman is called Amanda and lives in England, and the youngest Abigail in the same city as Lizzie (Austin,Texas). Lizzie has no body fat, and weighs only 61 pounds. She is blind in her right eye, and has limited vision in the left eye. Her condition is like some others, especially progeria. She has some symptoms seen in progeria, like the pointy nose and aging skin, but she has more medical problems as well but it is not expected to cause her to die. Doctors and experts at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center have named it as a neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS) which has allowed her healthy bones, organs and teeth. She should be able to bear her own children who will not live with any of the conditions she has. Being bullied and speaking out. At times she was left out and/or insulted by her peers, and has grown up to experience online bullying. Very often she has been stared at in public. It has not always been easy for her to deal with it. She wants people to know about her condition, and her motto is "Stop Staring, Start Learning."  She has spoken at over 200 events as a motivational speaker, something she enjoys and wants to continue to do. Books she wrote. The first book she wrote was her own life story up to 2010. Her mother and Cynthia Lee were its co-writers. Her second book, "Be Beautiful, Be You" came out in September 2012. It urges people to learn that it is not appearance which matters the most, and that people should love themselves for who they are.
The Rockefeller University is an American private university in New York City. It does research and offers postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It conducts research mainly in biological sciences and medical science, and has produced or attracted many Nobel laureates. The Rockefeller University is on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, between 63rd and 68th Streets along York Avenue. A number of important journals are published by the Rockefeller University Press: the "Journal of Experimental Medicine", the "Journal of Cell Biology", and "The Journal of General Physiology". At a glance. Fostering an interdisciplinary atmosphere among its 73 laboratories, a faculty member is assigned to one of only six interconnecting research areas. 2011 Ralph Steinman (Physiology or Medicine) 2003 Roderick MacKinnon (Chemistry) 2001 Paul Nurse (Physiology or Medicine) 2000 Paul Greengard (Physiology or Medicine) 1999 Günter Blobel (Physiology or Medicine) 1984 R. Bruce Merrifield (Chemistry) 1981 Torsten Wiesel (Physiology or Medicine) 1975 David Baltimore (Physiology or Medicine) 1974 Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade (Physiology or Medicine) 1972 Stanford Moore, William H. Stein (Chemistry) 1972 Gerald M. Edelman (Physiology or Medicine) 1967 H. Keffer Hartline (Physiology or Medicine) 1966 Peyton Rous (Physiology or Medicine) 1958 Joshua Lederberg (Physiology or Medicine) 1958 Edward Tatum (Physiology or Medicine) 1953 Fritz Lipmann (Physiology or Medicine) 1946 John H. Northrop (Chemistry) 1946 Wendell M. Stanley (Chemistry) 1944 Herbert S. Gasser (Physiology or Medicine) 1930 Karl Landsteiner (Physiology or Medicine) 1912 Alexis Carrel (Physiology or Medicine)
The term Russian mafia represents various crime groups all across the former Soviet Union. They are not a single criminal club, though they represent similar goals and structures which define them. Organized crime in Russia began during early 1700s with thievery and banditry. Nowadays, close to six thousand different groups operate, 200 of which have global reach. "The Russian Mafia is more commonly known as" ""The Bratva" or "The Brotherhood".It's head is called the " Pakhan" who is considered the boss of this crime organization. A certain number of crime families form the Bratva.Each of the families have a head who has a seat in the Bratva table. This prestigious crime organization is traditional in nature and is ruthless too."  This information is represented by  Swastika Dandapat.
A curator or keeper looks after collections. It may be a private activity, but usually they look after the collections of a cultural heritage institution. Art galleries, museums, libraries or archives have curators. Zoos have zookeepers and underkeepers. Curators are subject-matter experts who act as managers. It is an official job description in institutions which have collections. The curator's work involves objects of some kind, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items or scientific collections. Curators in zoos are usually called 'keepers', but it is the same idea. The word curator comes from the Latin word "curare", meaning to look after.