ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The 1905 Washburn vs. Fairmount football game was a college football game between Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University) and the Washburn Ichabods. It was played on December 25, 1905, in Wichita, Kansas. It was the first experiment with the forward pass. It was also the first experiment with the ten-yard requirement for first downs. It is unclear if the game was considered "regular season", "post season", or "exhibition" in classification. Game play. Fairmount college was coached by Willis Bates. The head coach for Washburn that season was John H. Outland. However, since he was officiating, it is likely that the coaching job was given to assistant coach (and next year's head coach) Garfield Weede. The game ended in a 0–0 tie. The weather for the game were good, but neither side was able to get close to the other team's goal except by a punt. Only seven first downs were made the entire game—four by Washburn and three by Fairmount. Most of the game was played in the middle of the field. The fans were upset. New rule test. Safer but not "conducive". Both teams had played a previous game that same season. What made this second game different was that it was a test of a different way to play. During the game, each team's offense was required to gain ten yards in three downs instead of four to earn a new first down. The experiment was considered a failure. Football legend John H. Outland officiated the game and said, "It seems to me that the distance required in three downs would almost eliminate touchdowns, except through fakes or flukes." The "Los Angeles Times" said that there was much kicking and that the game was considered much safer than regular play, but that the new rule was not "conducive to the sport." Impact. Three days later, 62 schools met in New York City to discuss rule changes to make the game safer. As a result of that meeting, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States, later named the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA),
Harold Seymore Hunt (December 12, 1907 – November 1, 1992) was an American football and basketball coach. He got nationwide exposure as an example of sportsmanship when he rejected a touchdown that would have won a game for his team. Football. Hunt was the 13th head football coach for the Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. He was coach for three seasons, from 1949 to 1951, and compiled a record of 6–18–3
The Independence Producers were a minor league baseball team based in Independence, Kansas, United States. They played from 1921 to 1925 and from 1928 to 1932. From 1921 to 1924, they played in the Southwestern League, and in 1925 they played in the Western Association. They played in the Western Association from 1928 to 1932 as well. The 1921 Producers were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. Perhaps their most notable alumnus was Cy Blanton. Glenn Wright, another notable Producer, made an unassisted triple play when playing Major League Baseball in 1925. History. A historical marker says that the first night game in organized baseball was played in Independence on April 28, 1930, between the Independence Producers and the Muskogee Chiefs.
The Sterling Warriors are the athletic teams that represent Sterling College in Sterling, Kansas. They are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). They compete in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC). Football. Football at Sterling finished the 2009 season with a fourth-place finish in the conference. They had a 6–4 record. Chuck Lambert is the program's current head coach, succeeding his brother Andy, the new coach at Southern Nazarene, Okla. Notable former athletes include actor Clarence Gilyard. During the 1905 season, the Coleman Company set up temporary gas-powered lighting for a night game against Fairmount College (now called Wichita State University). It was the first night football game played west of the Mississippi River. Fairmount won the game 24–0.
The AGA cooker is a heat storage stove and cooker. The heavy frame is made of cast iron and absorbs heat from a low-intensity source. Originally, AGAs burnt coke or anthracite. Later versions used gas as the heat source. The heat is used for cooking. It was invented and initially produced in Sweden. From 1957 all production has been in the United Kingdom. The cast-iron parts were cast at the Coalbrookdale foundry in the 1940s. They were still made there by the Aga Rangemaster Group until November 2017 when the company closed the site. Owners often talk about how the AGA actually makes their homes more energy efficient. The AGA does a number of jobs: it replaces several radiators, a tumble dryer, electric kettle and toaster. It is not just a cooker. The company which makes AGAs also makes other stoves, such as the Rayburn range. It is the Aga Rangemaster Group, which was taken over by the US company Middleton Corporation in 2015.
Gossens was a municipality in Yverdon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It became part of neighbouring Donneloye on 1 January 2008. It is on the main road between Yverdon and Moudon. The economy is mostly agricultural.
Berlin Tegel Airport () was the main international airport of Berlin, the capital of Germany. It formerly served West Berlin. The airport had the IATA Airport Code TXL. It was referred to as the "Frequent Flyer Airport". The airport was named after Otto Lilienthal and was the fourth busiest airport in Germany, with 20.5 million passengers in 2017 and about 22 million in 2018. The airport was a hub for Eurowings as well as a base for EasyJet. It is in Tegel, a part of the northern borough of Reinickendorf, northwest of the city centre of Berlin. The airport had its last flight on 8 November 2020. Traffic was redirected to the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport until this date. Tegel was decomissioned on 4 May 2021.
William Joseph Levada (June 15, 1936 – September 26, 2019) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.  From May 2005 until June 2012, he was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Benedict XVI. He was the Archbishop of Portland (Oregon) from 1986 to 1995, and then Archbishop of San Francisco from 1995 to 2005.  Levada died on September 26, 2019, in Rome at the age of 83.
Julius Vytautas Briedis (27 August 1940 – 22 September 2019) was a Lithuanian rower. He finished fifth and third at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics. Briedis died on 22 September 2019 in Vilnius.
The Topeka Constitutional Convention met from October 23 to Nov 11, 1855 in Topeka, Kansas Territory at Constitution Hall. It wrote the Topeka Constitution that would have made slavery in Kansas illegal. The convention was organized by Free-Staters to go against the pro-slavery Territorial legislature elected March 5, 1855. The territorial legislature was elected in polling that had a lot of electoral fraud and the intimidation of free state settlers. The Topeka Constitution was the first effort to create a Kansas governmental structure and write its basis in law. Free-State people passed the constitution on December 15, 1855. The constitution was sent to Washington. They really wanted the U.S. Congress to pass it. President Pierce hated the document. It was presented in the Senate by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and in the House by Representative Daniel of Indiana. It passed the House by two votes on July 2. However, it was held in committee by the Senate. On July 8, Senator Stephen A. Douglas took up the Topeka Constitution in a bill counter to Senator Cass. Cass sent the issue back to the people of Kansas to follow the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
The Leavenworth Constitution was one of four Kansas state constitutions written during the era of Bleeding Kansas. The Leavenworth Constitution was written by a convention of Free-Staters. It was the most progressive of the four proposed constitutions. Important parts of this Constitution were a Bill of Rights that referred to ""all men" (making no distinction between the rights of white men and black men), making slavery in the state illegal, and a basic framework for the rights of women. The constitutional convention that wrote the Leavenworth Constitution was provided for by an act of the Territorial Legislature passed in February 1858, while the Lecompton Constitution was being debated in Congress. The constitution was adopted by the convention at Leavenworth April 3, 1858. It was also chosen by the people at an election on May 18, 1858. The Leavenworth Constitution did not have a big impact on the history of Kansas since the US Senate did not approve of the laws in the document. The other proposed state constitutions were the Topeka Constitution (1855), the Lecompton Constitution (1857) and the Wyandotte Constitution (1859).
Rachel Leah Bloom (born April 3, 1987) is an American comedian, writer, actress and singer-songwriter. She played the lead role of Rebecca Bunch in the CW comedy-drama series "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend". For this, she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress-Television Series Musical or Comedy. For that same act, she also won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. In May 2013, Bloom released her first musical comedy album "Please Love Me". Bloom was born in Los Angeles.
John W. "Bud" Fowler (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913) was an African-American baseball player, manager, and club organizer. He is the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; that is, the major leagues and minor leagues. Early life. The son of a fugitive hop-picker and barber, Bud Fowler was christened John W. Jackson. Professional baseball career. Early career. Fowler first played for an all-white professional team based out of New Castle, Pennsylvania in 1872. He was 14 years old. He is documented as playing for another professional team on July 21, 1877. He was 19. On April 24, 1878, he pitched a game for the Picked Nine, who defeated the Boston Red Caps, champions of the National League in 1877. He pitched some more for the Chelsea team, then finished that season with the Worcester club.
The color line, also known as the color barrier, in American baseball stopped players of black African descent from playing Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's agreement. This means an understanding, as there was no written policy at the highest level of organized baseball, the major leagues. There was minor league's vote in 1887 against allowing new contracts with black players within its league. It sent a powerful message that eventually led to blacks not being allowed to play at all. African Americans created the Negro leagues starting in 1887. In these leagues, African American baseball teams played against each other.  The color line was broken for good when Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization for the 1946 season. Origins. The beginning of segregation followed the baseball season of 1867. On October 16, the Pennsylvania State Convention of Baseball in Harrisburg denied admission to the "colored" Pythian Baseball Club.
The Western League of Professional Baseball Clubs, also called the Western League, was a minor league baseball league. It created on February 11, 1885. It focused on the Midwestern United States. History. Before its most famous version in November 1893, the Western League existed in various forms. The League was created as a minor league on February 11, 1885. The original clubs were in Indianapolis‚ Kansas City‚ Cleveland‚ Milwaukee‚ Toledo and Omaha/Keokuk, Iowa.
A barn raising, also historically called a raising bee or rearing in the U.K., is a collective action of a community, in which a barn for one of the members is built or rebuilt by members of the community. Barn raising was common in 18th- and 19th-century rural North America. A barn was a necessary building for any farmer. Yet a barn was also a big and expensive building. Building a farm needed many people than a typical family could provide. Barn raising addressed the need by getting members of the community, unpaid, to help in the building of their neighbors' barns. Because each member was entitled to recruit others for help, the favor would eventually return to each participant. One or more people with experience or with specific skills are chosen to lead the project. Young people helping for the first time have watched many barn raisings and know what is expected of them.
Greensburg is a city in, Kiowa County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Kiowa County. In 2020, 740 people lived there. In the evening of May 4, 2007, Greensburg was hit by an EF5 tornado that traveled quickly through the area. It destroyed at least 95 percent of the city. It killed eleven people between the ages of 46 and 84. Greensburg today is a model "green town". It is often described as the greenest in America. The hospital, city hall, and school have all been built to the highest certification level issued by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Greensburg is also home to the world's largest hand-dug well. History. 21st century. At 9:45 p.m. CDT on May 4, 2007, during a deadly tornado outbreak, Greensburg was hit by an EF5 tornado. The tornado was estimated to be in width — wider than the city itself — and traveled for nearly . Tornado sirens sounded in the city twenty minutes before the tornado struck, and a tornado emergency was issued, which undoubtedly saved many lives. Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius and President George W. Bush both declared Kiowa County a disaster area, which opened up the affected areas for national and international aid. The tornado killed 10 people in Greensburg and two more in neighboring towns. Geography. Greensburg is at (37.604875, -99.289569). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. Demographics. 2020 census. The 2020 census says that there were 740 people, 329 households, and 176 families living in Greensburg. Of the households, 60.5% owned their home and 39.5% rented their home. The median age was 44.4 years. Of the people, 88.6% were White, 2.3% were Black, 1.8% were Asian, 0.5% were Pacific Islanders, 0.3% were Native American,
Coronado was an unincorporated community in Wichita County, Kansas, United States. It was platted in 1885. Coronado was involved in the bloodiest county seat fight in the history of the American West. The shoot-out on February 27, 1887, with boosters—some would say hired gunmen—from nearby Leoti left several people dead and wounded. Coronado had a post office from 1886 until 1899.
A transcontinental railroad is a network of railroad tracks that crosses a continental land mass. It must be continuous. It has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad, or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route.
The Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 were a series of acts of Congress that supported the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" (the Pacific Railroad) in the United States. This happened through authorizing issuing government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies. The War Department under then-Secretary of War Jefferson Davis was authorized by the Congress in 1853 to do surveys of five different potential transcontinental routes from the Mississippi. These surveys ranging from north to south and submitted a massive twelve volume report to Congress with the results in early 1855. However, no route or bill could be agreed upon and passed authorizing the Government's financial support and land grants. This change when the secession of the southern states in 1861 ended their opposition to a central route. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 () was the original act. Some of its provisions were changed, expanded, or repealed by four more amending Acts: The Pacific Railroad Act of 1863 (), Pacific Railroad Act of 1864 (), Pacific Railroad Act of 1865 (), and Pacific Railroad Act of 1866 (). The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 started federal government land grants directly to corporations; before that act, the land grants were made to the states, for the benefit of corporations.
Donald Henry "Pee Wee" Gaskins Jr. (March 13, 1933 – September 6, 1991) was an American serial killer. He was executed by electrocution by South Carolina in 1991. Gaskins was born in South Carolina, the last in a string of illegitimate children. Due to his smallness, he was nicknamed "Pee Wee". His youth was characterized by considerable neglect. For instance, when he was one year old, he drank a bottle of kerosene. He grew to 5 foot 2 inch and 130 pounds. Gaskins' serial crime began before the concept was even realized, as a juvenile, which included along with a group of other youths: robberies, assaults and a gang rape. In prison, he was regularly raped. He escaped from prison in 1955 by sitting in the back of a garbage truck, and fled to Florida; he was re-arrested, remanded and paroled in August 1961. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Gaskins murdered several teenaged girls and young women. He was later found guilty of eight counts of murder and sentenced to death by South Carolina. While on death row, Gaskins murdered a fellow death row inmate, earning him the title "Meanest Man in America". Gaskins was put to death in the electric chair by South Carolina on September 6, 1991.
Harvey Murray Glatman (December 10, 1927 – September 18, 1959) was an American serial killer active during the late 1950s. He was known in the media as "The Lonely Hearts Killer" and "The Glamour Girl Slayer". He would use several pseudonyms, posing as a professional photographer to lure his victims with the promise of a modelling career. Glatman was later found guilty of two counts of first-degree murder by California and sentenced to death, a sentence that he accepted willingly. He specifically asked the warden to do nothing to save his life. He was executed in the gas chamber of San Quentin State Prison on September 18, 1959.
The Fuzhou dialect (, FR: ), also Foochow, Hokchew, Hok-chiu, or Fuzhounese, is the prestige variety of the Eastern Min branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the Mindong region of Eastern Fujian Province. Fuzhou dialect history. Fuzhou dialect is also a dialect of Mindong. Unlike Minnan dialect, Fuzhou dialects say that there are fewer people. This is mainly because the social development model of Fuzhou and Minnan is different. Therefore, the two languages spread differently. The eastern part of the country is dominated by agriculture, while southern Fujian has a large number of fisheries. Fuzhou dialect is popular in the seven counties of Fuzhou in the eastern part of Fujian, Ningde City and Nanping City, as well as Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Singapore. In addition, Fuzhou dialect is also popular in many Chinese communities in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. Fuzhou dialect is derived from ancient Chinese and medieval Chinese. Due to the large-scale immigration of Han, Jin and Tang Dynasty, these ancient languages merged into the current Fuzhou dialect. Fuzhou dialect has experienced slow and obvious changes in pronunciation and vocabulary in the last 200 years. In ancient times, Yue people lived along the banks of the Li River. Since the kingdom of Chu destroyed the country, the descendants of the king led some of the subjects to migrate to Fujian and merged with the Yue people into the Yue ethnic group. In 110 BC, the Yue dynasty against Han and was settled by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, after which most of the Yue people were moved to the Jianghuai area. During the Western Han Dynasty, the Central Plains Han people entered the shackles for the first time, and merged with the Yue and Yue people. Fuzhou dialect was integrated into the Central Plains dialect. During the Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains people entered the country for the second time. The Han people and the Yue people further merged. The Han people became the main residents of Fuzhou, and the Central Plains dialect was once again integrated into the F
Tomiris is a commercial movie about Queen Tomiris. This historical drama is about the ruler of the Massagetae in the sixth century B.C. The movie was released in September 2019. Its plot is based on material from Herodotus as told through Al-Farabi. It tells how Tomiris led her nomadic people to victory over Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire when he invaded her land. The movie's director was Akan Satayev. "The historical drama was filmed based on order of the Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Sports." The producer was Aliya Nazarbayeva. The movie was made by the Kazakhfilm Film Studio with participation of Sataifilm. The movie's director of props was Kuat Tleubaev. It cost 2.259 billion tenge (about 6,500,000 US$) to make. It was filmed in Kazakhstan. Running time is 155 minutes. According to the "Astana Times" online, the movie "earned 480 million tenge (US$1.2 million) by the end of October and was screened more than 800 times throughout Kazakhstan."  "Tomiris" was one of three Kazakhstani movies in the Golden Globes long list of candidates for the Foreign Language Film category. At France’s 26th L’Étrange Festival, 20202, it won the Nouveau Genre Great Prize in the International Feature Film Competition. The movie was scheduled to be released in Turkey in April 2020. Languages. The narrative is in Russian with Kazakh subtitles. The characters speak in ancient Turkic and Persian languages.
James Milton Loy (born August 10, 1942) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security in 2005 and U.S. Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS) from December 4, 2003, to March 1, 2005.  He was the second administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 to 2003, and before that as the Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard from 1998 to 2002.
General Thomas R. Morgan (born January 6, 1930) is a retired American military personnel. He was the Assistant Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from June 1986 until he retired on July 1, 1988 after completion of more than 36 years of active service. Awards and decorations. General Morgan's personal awards and decorations include:
George Brainard Crist (January 23, 1931 – July 26, 2024) was a four-star general of the United States Marine Corps. He was the first Marine to be promoted as a Unified Commander — serving as Commander in Chief, United States Central Command from 1985 to 1988. Crist died on July 26, 2024 at the age of 93. Awards. His military decorations include:
John Kerry Davis (March 14, 1927 – July 31, 2019), also known as J.K. Davis, was a United States Marine Corps four-star general. Davis, a Vietnam War veteran, was the Commanding General of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (1977–1978) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1978-1978). He died from cancer on July 31, 2019, at the age of 92. His final job was as the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1, 1983 to June 1, 1986.
Paul Xavier Kelley (November 11, 1928 – December 29, 2019) was a United States Marine Corps general. He was the 28th Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from July 1, 1983, to June 30, 1987. In February 1980, Kelley was promoted to lieutenant general and named as the first Commander of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force. Kelley died on December 29, 2019 at a care facility in McLean, Virginia from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 91.
John William Foss (February 13, 1933 – April 25, 2020) was a retired United States Army four-star general. He was a commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. Foss died on April 25, 2020 at the age of 87.
Frederick F. Woerner Jr. (August 12, 1933 – March 29, 2023) was a four-star general of the United States Army. He was Commander-in-Chief of United States Southern Command, former Chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission, and Professor Emeritus of Boston University. He died on March 29, 2023.