ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
13 (thirteen) is a number. It comes after twelve and before fourteen. It is an odd number. Many people think thirteen is an lucky number, especially when Friday is the thirteenth day of the month. This is a superstition. There is no proof that thirteen is an unlucky number. Floors in tall buildings often skip floor thirteen, or reserve it for a mechanical floor. The idea of thirteen as an unlucky number is from pagan Norse mythology. It was believed to be unlucky to have thirteen people sitting at a table at a meal, and death is number thirteen in the tarot deck. In Roman numerals, 13 is written as XIII. Article. I.. Section. 1.. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section. 2.. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New
Alexandria (Arabic: الإسكندرية) is the second largest city in Egypt. It was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC as Ἀλεξάνδρεια ("Alexandria"). It is on the Mediterranean Sea, only 225 km (140 miles) northwest of Cairo. Alexandria has 3.8 million people. It is the main port of Egypt. It has two airports and three big stadia: Alexandria stadium, Harras el hadoud stadium and Borg el-Arab stadium in the Borg el-Arab industrial city. The fourth Wikimania was hosted in this city in 2008. History. Alexandria, named after Alexander the Great, was founded around 331 BC. For nearly 300 years, it was the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. Some famous ancient Greek scientists, such as Euclid of Alexandria and Eratosthenes, lived there or studied there. It was home to the largest library in the ancient Western world, the Library of Alexandria.  It was a wealthy city in its heyday, and remained the main way Egyptian grain went by sea to Ancient Rome. Rome depended greatly on Egyptian grain. Much of Alexandria sank below the sea in the 4th century. Some of her history is in the Mediterranean. After the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, they did not want to have their capital at Alexandria, because it was too vulnerable to naval raids. They made a new capital, much farther upriver, on the east side of the Nile, and called it Fustat. Alexandria became less important.
1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday in the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday in the Julian calendar.
The Celtic League is a group of people from the six modern Celtic nations: Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man. Its members want their countries to be free. All six countries have a native Celtic language, and the Celtic League supports learning of them. The six Celtic languages are Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, Cornish and Manx.
Oprah Winfrey (born Orpah Gail Winfrey; January 29, 1954) is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist.  Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" which was the highest-rated program of its kind in history and was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2011. She has also acted in several movies including "The Color Purple", "The Butler" and "A Wrinkle in Time". Early life. Winfrey was born on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Winfrey was named "Orpah" after a character in the Book of Ruth. People made the mistake of calling her "Oprah". She decided to keep this name. Her parents are Vernita Lee, a maid, and Vernon Winfrey, a barber.  At the age of 13, she ran away from home. At the age of 14, she had a son, but he was born prematurely and passed soon after. She went to Tennessee State University in 1971. She started to work in radio and television in Nashville. She hosted television programs in Baltimore and Chicago.  The Oprah Winfrey Show. In 1986, Winfrey's own talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show" went on the air. She was liked by audiences for her warmth. She came to own the show. Oprah Winfrey Network. Winfrey now runs the Oprah Winfrey Network. On January 15, 2008, Winfrey and Discovery Communications announced plans to change Discovery Health Channel into a new channel called OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. It was scheduled to launch in 2009, but was delayed, and actually launched on January 1, 2011. She also hosts the "Oprah's Next Chapter" show on the network. "Oprah with Meghan and Harry". In 2021, Oprah interviewed Prince Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. They talked about the couple's experience with the British royal family. The interview had mixed reactions across the world, some negative
The Colognian dialect, or Kölsch is a variety of the German language. People in and around the city of Cologne in the West of Germany use Kölsch. Nowadays most of them have High German as their primary language or secondary language. Usage. About 250,000 people actively speak Kölsch. More than 2,500,000 people understand Kölsch well and use some Kölsch, or a variant, somehow. An estimated 20,000,000 to 30,000,000 people understand it partially. Pronunciation. How to say "Kölsch"? Take the beginning from "kernel" or "colonel"; next take a real dark, long "l" as in "bold", or "ball"; then append a "sh" as in "shrimps", or "ti" as in "nation". That's the sound "Kölsch". However, the German "ö" is not exactly the same as an English "o", but a sound between "o" and "e". Etymology. The word 'Kölsch' comes from the Name of the City of Cologne. It is 'Köln' in native tongue, yet 'Kölle' in Kölsch. By ordinary German word building rules, 'kölnisch' means 'belonging to Cologne', 'related to Cologne', 'in Cologne', 'from Cologne'—as in 'kölnisch Wasser' ("Eau de Cologne"). The word 'kölnisch', or 'köllesch', shortened to 'kölsch' in local tongue, became a shorthand noun for the local beer and the local language, or dialect. Today's name of the city stems from ancient times of the Roman occupation of Northern Germany 100 years before Christ, and later. The Romans built a fort or castle —then, approximately under the reign of Julius Caesar, turned it into a colony (Latin: "colonia") with religious and city rights. Part of its Roman name stuck, 'Colonia Clavdia Ara Agrippinensivm Oppidvm Vbiorum' became 'Köln' over the centuries
Past tense is a verb form which is marked by time (tense).  The past tense is used for actions in a time which has already happened. In order to explain and understand past tense, it is useful to imagine time as a line on which the past, the present tense and the future tense are positioned. Words in English have several tenses, including many common past tenses. The two that are used the most are the simple past tense and the perfect tense Simple past tense. The simple past tense is used for action in past time. It usually uses for story telling or there is in narrative and recount text. Different verbs change in different ways to make the past tense. The most common way is by ending with "ed" or we usually says REGULAR VERB. Many other verbs are "irregular", this means that there is no pattern and no easy way to know how the verb changes.  If we want to make a past sentence, here are the formula: ~Verbal sentence~ (+) S + V2 (past verb)  ~ Nominal sentence~ (+) S + to be ( was / were) + Noun/adjective/adverb (- ) S + to be (was / were) + not +Noun/adjective/adverb (?) To be (was / were) + Noun/adjective/adverb Example:  (+) I went to bandung last week (- ) I did not go to bandung last week (? ) did you go to bandung last week? (+) she was happy this morning (- ) she was not happy this morning (?) Was she happy this morning? Perfect tense. The Perfect is about "completion": actions which are completed. The tense refers to a period in the past. In English the Perfect is made by have + -ed or variations of that form. Verb endings: -ed = finished; -ing = continuing
Freeview is a free television service in the United Kingdom, and is sent to people's home using a digital signal. It includes more channels than normal analogue television provides. Over 30 television channels and 24 radio stations are on it at the moment. The service was put on air on October 30, 2002 in the early morning. ITV Digital was the previous service but the service had to be replaced because they were having financial problems. Some TVs can receive Freeview automatically, but most people have to buy a special box to connect to their TV. In March 2006 over 6 million people had Freeview in their homes. The service replaced the analogue signal in the United Kingdom in 2012.
Mark Addy (born 14 January 1964, in York, England) is an English actor. The best known works by Addy are as Detective Boyle in the British sitcom "The Thin Blue Line", Dave in the movie "The Full Monty", father Bill Miller in the US sitcom "Still Standing" and more recently as King Robert Baratheon in the HBO fantasy epic "Game of Thrones". Addy has played many different roles in both television and in movies. In 2013 he played Hercules, a medieval King, and a modern-day alcoholic with family problems. Addy received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for "The Full Monty". He was also nominated for a BAFTA, Chlotrudis Award and Satellite Award. For "Game of Thrones" he was nominated for a Scream Award for Best Ensemble and an ensemble Screen Actors Guild Award.
The tuba is the biggest of all the brass musical instruments. They are the newest part of the symphony orchestra, first showing up in the mid-19th century. Most orchestras have a tuba now. The standard tuba has about 16 feet of tubes. Tubas are normally in the key of F, E"b", CC, or BB"b" and can have 3 to 6 valves. Because they are so big, some tubas have a "compensating system". This means a fourth, fifth or sixth valve is used to make the instrument sound more in tune - especially the lowest notes.  It takes a lot of breath to play the tuba. It is one of the loudest instruments in the orchestra but can also play very quietly. Use of the tuba. The tuba usually plays the bass (lowest sounding) part even though it can play relatively high as well. The tuba is used in all sorts of music and can be found in orchestras, wind bands, brass bands, jazz groups, pop groups, brass ensembles and even in tuba quartets (in groups of 4).
Garden gnomes are small lawn ornaments, usually placed in gardens or in front of houses. They are small statues, usually between one and two feet tall (30 to 60 centimeters). They depict gnomes, which are short creatures similar to humans. Garden gnomes have become a popular accessory in many gardens, but they are not loved by all. They can be the target of pranks. People have been known to "return them to the wild", most notably France's "Front de Liberation des Nains de Jardins" and Italy's "MALAG" (Garden Gnome Liberation Front). Some kidnapped garden gnomes have been sent on trips around the world, being passed from person to person and photographed at different famous landmarks, with the photos being returned to the owner. This practice is featured in the 2001 French film, "Amélie" and in an advertising campaign for Travelocity.com. Non-conventional gnome statues have also been made, such as a flashing gnome in a raincoat, or a gnome couple in love. A sub-culture exists among those who collect garden gnomes. This phenomenon is frequently made fun of in popular culture. History. The first garden gnome was created in Switzerland. It was later introduced to the United Kingdom in 1847 by Sir Charles Isham, when he brought 21 terracotta figures back from a trip to Germany and placed them around the gardens of his home at Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire. Only one of the original batch of gnomes survives. His name is Lampy. He is on display at Lamport Hall, and is insured for one million pounds.
Kentucky is a state in the United States. Its capital is Frankfort. It touches the states of Missouri (by the Mississippi River), Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia (by the Ohio River), Tennessee and Virginia. There are many rivers in Kentucky. History. The first people to settle in Kentucky were Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. African slaves worked on plantations. Louisville, the main city of Kentucky until last century, was founded in the XVIII century (around 1778) by George Rogers Clark and some French colonists.  Some people call it the "Bluegrass State" because of a special kind of grass that grows there. There are also horses in Kentucky that eat this blue grass. Kentucky is very famous for its horse farms. The Kentucky Derby, a well-known horse race. It is held in the city of Louisville, which is also the largest city in the state. Other well-known places are Fort Knox, The Cumberland Gap, Cumberland Falls, Mammoth Cave, Red River gorge, and Land Between the Lakes. Some well-known towns and cities are Louisville, Lexington, Owensboro, Bowling Green, Covington, Florence, Maysville, Georgetown, Paducah, Murray, Bardstown, Morehead, Midway, Berea, Richmond, Danville, Versailles, Elizabethtown, Radcliff, Corbin, Somerset, Ashland, and Middlesboro. Hodgenville, Kentucky is famous for being the birthplace of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
William Gary Busey (born June 29, 1944) is an American actor. He has appeared in many movies and television shows since the 1970s. In 1988, He was involved in a motorcycle accident, but he recovered. He was born in Goose Creek, Texas and grew up in Oklahoma. He was a heavy cocaine user for many years, before giving it up and becoming a born-again Christian. His elder son Jake Busey (born 1971) is also an actor. Busey was a contestant in two celebrity series of "The Apprentice" (2011 and 2013). He won the August-September 2014 series of "Celebrity Big Brother" "UK".
Montana is a state in the United States. Its capital is Helena, and the largest city is Billings. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. Montana is the fourth largest state by area, the seventh least populous, and the third least densely populated of the 50 states. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile (877-km) part of the world's longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. The state borders the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, more provinces than any other U.S. state. To the east of Montana is North Dakota; to the southeast is a short border with South Dakota. In the south is Wyoming, and on the west and southwest is Idaho. The first people to settle in Montana were the Native Americans. In 2018, The top countries of origin for immigrants were Canada (15 percent of immigrants), Mexico (15 percent), Germany (7 percent), China (5 percent), and Vietnam (5 percent). Politics. At one point, Montana was liberal in federal elections and conservative in state elections. Today, the opposite is true. Although Montana is very conservative in presidential elections (it has not voted for a Democrat since 1964), it is more liberal than most states in the upper Rocky Mountains region. As one example of this, Montana is represented by one Democrat and one Republican in the Senate. There are no Democratic senators from Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota or South Dakota. The Montana House of Representatives, which has 100 members, includes 58 Republicans and 42 Democrats, making it more liberal than any state legislature in Wyoming or Idaho.
The sea is the interconnected system of all the Earth's oceanic waters, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern and Arctic Oceans. However, the word "sea" can also be used for many specific, much smaller bodies of seawater, such as the North Sea or the Red Sea.There are 78 seas in the world Seas which are not on Earth. Lunar maria are very big areas on the Moon. In the past, people thought they were water and called them "seas". Scientists think that there is liquid water under the ground on some moons, for example Europa. Scientists also think that there are liquid hydrocarbons on Titan.
Wool is the hair of certain mammals. Most wool comes from sheep and goats, while also being taken from camels, llamas and certain rabbits.  Wool is a Natural fibre. People use wool fiber to make clothing, blankets and other items to keep one warm. It is usually used to make outer clothing but is also used to make blankets, socks, sweaters and fine clothing. Rabbit wool is called angora wool. Cashmere wool and mohair come from goats, qiviut from musk oxen and other types of wool from camelids. Properties. Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is crimped and elastic. Wool fabrics can be cleaned easily. Wool also absorbs moisture and insulates against heat and cold. Wool can be spun or made into yarn. Wool is usually carded before it is spun. Carding is a way of making the wool straighter, using two brushes. Yarn. The yarn is used to weave fabric or material. The yarn of wool can also be knitted or crocheted into fabric or clothing like jumpers. Alpaca, mohair, angora, camel, cashmere and vicuna are all separate types of wool. Wool can also be made into felt after it is boiled in hot water and rubbed together. Felt. Felt is a kind of fabric that is not woven. Wool can also be needle felted. Felt can be used to make clothes to keep warm in cold weather. Rag is a sturdy wool fiber made into yarn and used in many rugged applications such as gloves. Worsted is a strong, long-staple, combed wool yarn with a hard surface. Woolen is a soft, short-staple, carded wool yarn typically used for knitting. Production. Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the epidermis and push down into the second skin layer called the dermis as the wool fibers grow. Follic
A saw is a tool used to cut things. There are many kinds of saw. Some of them are hand tools that work with muscle power, like the saw in the picture. Some saws have other sources of power and can be very powerful, such as a chainsaw that is used to cut down trees. The work carried out with a saw is usually noisy. Using a saw to cut materials is "dangerous" because of sharp teeth. Care must be taken not to let sharp edges touch the skin. Parts of the material being cut can fly off the work and become a hazard to breathing, to eyes and to the skin. Hand saws. Or hand powered saws. These use the motion of a person's arm to make a cut.  Push saws. Many saws are designed to cut on the push stroke (when the saw is pushed forward). Pull saws. The is a type of saw used in woodworking. These saws typically cut on the pull stroke (when the saw is pulled backwards). Power saws. There are several kinds of powered saws. Some are powered by electricity from a . Others are powered by batteries. Still others can be powered by Internal combustion engines, steam, or water power.  Chainsaw. A saw designed to cut down trees or cut branches from trees is a chainsaw. A chainsaw is named for the row of teeth attached to a flexible chain. The cut is often very rough and often has splinters. Circular saws. Circular saws use a round blade, usually between 7 and 10 inches. They are often very powerful and can cut through hard or soft wood. They use interchangeable round blades. The blade can be designed to cut any of a number of kinds of materials from steel, to wood, to masonry. Jig saws. Jig saws move the blade up and down to cut through materials. The stroke (or up and down movement) is usually less than one inch (25.4 mm). These saws are very good for making curved cuts. Jig saws use a variety of interchangeable blades for cutting different materials. Some blades make very smooth cuts.
Tennessee is a state in the United States. Its capital is Nashville, which is the country music center of America. It is also the home of the Smoky Mountains which are a famous tourist attraction. Other well known cities and towns are Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Oak Ridge, Lynchburg, Carthage, Lawrenceburg, Clarksville, Lebanon, Pigeon Forge, Murfreesboro, and Gatlinburg. Tennessee touches eight states: Kentucky and Virginia to the north; North Carolina to the east; Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi on the south; Arkansas and Missouri (by the Mississippi River) to the west. Tennessee ties Missouri as the state bordering the most other states. Tennessee was the 16th state to join the nation, on June 1, 1796. About 6.9 million people lived there in 2020. Several professional sports teams play there, including the Tennessee Titans of the NFL, the Memphis Grizzlies of the NBA, and the Nashville Predators of the NHL. Cherokee and other Native American tribes lived in Tennessee before the arrival of Europeans. African American slaves worked on plantations in the state. Tennessee is known for its country music and Southern cuisine.
Connecticut is a state in the United States. Its capital is Hartford, and its largest city is Bridgeport. It is one of the six states of New England. It borders New York to the west, Massachusetts to the north, Rhode Island to the east, and the Long Island Sound to the south. Connecticut is called the "Constitution State." In 1639 settlers adopted the "Fundamental Orders," which has been called the first written constitution in history. Its current constitution (Connecticut's third) was adopted in 1965.  Geography. Connecticut has forests, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, and a sandy shore.  The Connecticut River cuts through the center of the state. It flows into Long Island Sound, Connecticut's outlet (connection) to the Atlantic Ocean.  Regional variations. Even though Connecticut is small, different parts of the state have different landscapes and culture. Some areas are very rural. For example, the Litchfield Hills in northwestern Connecticut have rolling mountains and horse farms. There are many small towns and rural areas in the northeast and northwest corners of the state.  Connecticut also has industrial cities, located along the coastal highways from the New York border to New Haven, then northwards to Hartford, and farther up the coast near New London. The state has some very wealthy areas. The southwestern corner of Connecticut, where it touches New York State, includes Greenwich, Stamford, Fairfield, Westport, Wilton, and Darien. Some of the wealthiest residents in the world live in these areas. Many towns center around a small park, known as a "green" (such as the New Haven Green). Near the green there is often a small white church, a town meeting hall, a tavern, and several colonial houses.  Highest locations. The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury, in the northwest corner of the state.  The highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York State meet (42° 3' N; 73° 29' W), on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. National Parks. The United States National Park Service maintains several areas in Connecticut. These include