ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust is a land trust for a large block of land in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory, Australia. It was created by law in July 1978. The block of land (called Northern Territory Portion 1634) covers an area of . It makes up most of the area of the old Petermann Reserve (1920–1977). The land's traditional owners are mostly Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people. This includes residents of Kaltukatjara and over 50 family outstations. The block held by the Petermann ALT is surrounded by other Aboriginal land blocks on all sides. It borders the Ngaanyatjarra Lands to the west (in Western Australia), the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands to the south (in South Australia), Haasts Bluff Aboriginal Land Trust to the north, and Katiti and Urrampinyi Iltjiltajarri Aboriginal Land Trusts to the east. History. In March 1920, an area of land in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory was made into an aboriginal reservation, called the Petermann Reserve. It was meant to be a temporary refuge (safe place) for the Aboriginal families living in the area, many of whom were still living traditional, nomadic lifestyles. It bordered other large reserves created in Western Australia and South Australia, and together the area was known as the Central Australian Aboriginal Reserve. In 1940, the Petermann Reserve was made smaller, to allow people to look for gold. It was made smaller again in 1958, when the government excised the area around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa to create the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park. In 1976, the Commonwealth Parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act, which allowed for Aboriginal communities to be granted freehold title to land if they could show that they lived on the land for many years. Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Aboriginal Land Trusts to
The Cartful "車仔檔" , also known as portable stall and mobile stall, is a style of hawker stall originated from the street vendors selling inexpensive street food, like eggette, Tang Cong Bing 糖葱餅, and cart noodle, in the 1950s.This style of selling is part of Hong Kong traditional culture. It reflects people’s way of living and their spirits. In recent years, the operation of the cartful faces challenges due to the government policies and modernization. History. Hong Kong has been experiencing economic downturn in the 1950s, meanwhile, refugees from the Mainland fled to Hong Kong constantly after the establishment of The People's Republic of China, leading to an increase in population. People struggled to make a living, they started to operate mobile stall using wooden carts with a low production cost. With the portable carts, street vendors could get away in time from being arrested by the police. In the 1970s and 1980s, a wide variety of products are sold then. Besides food and snacks, household goods, clothing and kitchenware could be found in the carful in place like Sham Shui Po. Features. The cartful sells mainly two kinds of products, street food and clothes. Some traditional street food such as eggette, curry fish balls and fried chestnuts are favored by teenagers. These $10-odd snacks are cheap but delicious. They smell very nice so that they drive people queuing for them. The cartful owners make the snacks once they are ordered so as to keep them hot and fresh. Apart from the street snacks, the carful also sells clothes, sometimes handbags. Women love buying free-sized legging and socks. Though customers cannot try fitting the products, they are willing to buy them. Owners and locations. There are mainly two types of owners which are the unemployed middle-aged and the unlicensed hawkers. Both of them are the main support of their family while they cannot find a suitable job. As a result, they choose to run the carful because it can help them make a decent living and avoid the high rent. The carful of these
Short term memory is the ability to keep information in mind for a short amount of time. Remembering a phone number long enough to find a piece of paper is an example. The brain keeps information in its short term memory for a small period of time. The amount of time the mind is able to do this is usually some seconds. The opposite of short-term memory is long-term memory, which is where things are stored in the brain for a long time. These items may be recalled later, or there may be difficulty recalling them. Memory. Memory is what goes on in the brain in storing and retrieving past experiences. These processes do what we call remembering. Memory is the foundation of intelligence and the ability to learn.  Information about a needle being sharp and hurtful when touched by bare hands is processed to make a response of survival and self-preservation. This leads to us (and other animals) to change what we do when we met needles a second time. Memory, which starts out as short-term memory allows for learning, and helps intelligent behavior. Basis of memory. Donald Hebb (19041985) was the first to come up with a way to tell the difference between short-term and long-term memory. When the brain receives an input, like something that is seen or heard, a sensory memory keeps a copy of what is seen or heard, but this memory lasts for only about a few seconds. Anything that is kept in the brain longer depends on our selective attention. Things that we "notice" are kept in short-term memory for up to a few minutes. This memory is thought to be dependent on electrical activity in the brain and is easily destroyed by interruption or interference. Short-term memory includes iconic memory as well, which holds visual images; acoustic memory, to hold sounds; and working memory, which is an active process to keep a memory until it is put to use. Memories which are stored for longer than this are called long-term memory. Hebb had a theory of long-term memory as a change in the strength of connections between the neurons. Long-term memory is relatively permanent storage and the process involves the creation of new proteins.  Whether or not the information is stored in long-term memory depends on its importance
The celestial equator is a term in observational astronomy. It is a great circle on the imaginary celestial sphere, in the same plane as the Earth's equator. In other words, it is a projection of the terrestrial equator out into space. As a result of the Earth's axial tilt, the celestial equator is inclined by 23.4° with respect to the ecliptic plane. An observer standing on the Earth's equator visualizes the celestial equator as a semicircle passing directly overhead through the zenith. As the observer moves north (or south), the celestial equator tilts towards the southern (or northern) horizon. At the poles, the celestial equator is parallel to the horizon. The observer always sees the ends of the semicircle disappear over the horizon exactly due east and due west, regardless of the observer's position on Earth.
Epictetus was an Ancient Greek philosopher. He was born in Hierapolis, Phrygia around 55 AD. The name his parents gave him is unknown; the word "epíktetos" (επίκτητος) in Greek simply means "acquired." He spent his youth as a slave in Rome to Epaphroditos, a rich freedman and secretary to Nero. The city was near the modern-day town of Pamukkale in Turkey. He died around 135 AD in Nikopolis in Epirus, in Greece. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the late Stoa. Epictetus founded a school of philosophy, where he also taught. None of his writings survive, but one of his pupils, Arrian, wrote what Epictetus taught. Philosophy, Epictetus taught, is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline. To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and so are beyond our control; we should accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately. However, individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline. Suffering occurs from trying to control what is uncontrollable, or from neglecting what is within our power. As part of the universal city that is the universe, it is our duty to care for all our fellow men. Those who follow these precepts will achieve happiness and peace of mind.
In computer science, a data type is the combination of a value range with permissible operations. "Datatype" is frequently shortened to "type". Programming. Data types in programming allow the programmer to perform operations on a datum. Every datum has an associated data type. In the Pascal programming language, the data 42 has the data type integer. A data type forms a unit: Together, the specific permissible range and legal operations are referred to as a “concrete data type.” When a programmer or the compiler reads the word integer in the source code, they automatically understand which values and operations are allowed. Availability. High-level. Data types are an abstract concept. This concept primarily appears in high-level programming languages. Virtually all high-level programming language explicitly include the notion of data type. Common basic data types may include: Usually, these and other basic data types can be combined to "custom" data types using structure concepts like: Low-level. The notion of data types as presented above is unknown in assembly language, a "low-level" programming language. All computers know integer number values. Modern computers also know real numbers in binary. But there is no rigid enforcement of proper “data type” use. Assembly language does not prevent using an integer as if it were a real number. This is intentional, because assembly language is the basis of all (high-level) programming languages. Yet, the processor’s machine code sets the limits. Usually, the only “data types” are: All of which may be further differentiated by their size, how many Bytes each of those occupies, or—in the case of memory address—how many Bytes the referenced object occupies.
Interstellar space travel is manned or unmanned travel between stars. Interstellar travel is much more difficult than travel within the Solar System, though travel in starships is a staple of science fiction. Actually, there is no suitable technology at present. However, the idea of a probe with an ion engine has been studied. The energy would come through a laser base station. Given sufficient travel time and engineering work, both unmanned and sleeper ship interstellar travel seem possible. Both present considerable technological and economic challenges which are unlikely to be met in the near future, particularly for manned probes. NASA, ESA and other space agencies have done research into these topics for several years, and have worked out some theoretical approaches. Energy requirements appear to make interstellar travel impractical for "generation ships", but less so for heavily shielded sleeper ships. The difficulties of interstellar travel. The main challenge facing interstellar travel is the vast distances that have to be covered. This means that a very great speed and/or a very long travel time is needed. The travel time with most realistic propulsion methods would be from decades to millennia. Hence an interstellar ship would be much more exposed to the hazards found in interplanetary travel, including vacuum, radiation, weightlessness, and micrometeoroids. At high speeds the vehicle would be penetrated by many microscopic particles of matter unless heavily shielded. Carrying the shield would greatly increase the propulsion problems. Cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are of great interest because there is no protection outside the atmosphere and magnetic field. The energies of the most energetic ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been observed to approach 3 × 1020 eV, about 40 million times the energy of particles accelerated by the Large Hadron Collider. At 50 J, the highest-energy ultra-high-energy cosmic rays have energies comparable to the kinetic energy of a baseball. As a result of these discoveries, there has been interest in investigating cosmic rays of even greater energies. Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies. The energy distribution of cosmic rays peaks at . Required energy. A significant factor is the energy needed for a reasonable travel time. A lower bound for the required energy is the kinetic energy K
Bloods Range (or Blood's Range) is a mountain range in central Australia. It stretches roughly east to west across the border between the Northern Territory and Western Australia. It consists of several sets of hills, separated by valleys; the two main valleys are formed by the Hull and Docker Rivers. There are numerous ravines and gorges all throughout the hills. Bloods Range connects with the Petermann Ranges at its western end. In the centre are Mounts Harris (840 m) and Carruthers (1000 m), which are the highest peaks. Further east, the range splits into several branches, including the Rowley Range, McNichol's Range and the Pinyinna Range. Bloods Range was given its name on 14 March 1874 by the explorer Ernest Giles, when he saw it from the top of Mount Curdie. He named it after the owner of an early pastoral station in South Australia, whose surname was "Blood". On 12 June 1889, Giles' second-in-command, W. H. Tietkins, returned on his own expedition and surveyed the range. He named the two highest peaks Mount Harris and Mount Carruthers. From the top of Mount Harris, he wrote that he could see Kata Tjuṯa, the Petermann Ranges and the Tomkinson Ranges.
Birja is a popular Azerbaijani weekly free-of-charge announcements and advertising newspaper published by the Birja VDV. It was founded by Rafiq Abasov. The newspaper has one of the widest circulation in Azerbaijan (averaging over 10,000 copies every week). "Birja" was founded in 1992 with the goal of providing an advertising newspaper in the Azerbaijani market, where generally only a single local advertising newspaper was available. "Birja" supports a nationwide project of Khinalug village.
soulDecision was a Canadian pop band from Vancouver, British Columbia.  soulDecision was formed in 1993 under the original name, Indecision. They changed their name to soulDecision because of naming conflicts. Even though the band started during the boy band era, they were not a boy band, as they played their own instruments and wrote their own music. The band released their debut full-length album "No One Does It Better" on August 22, 2000 in Canada. The album featured their hit single "Faded" which reached #1 on Canada's singles chart as well as #22 in the United States. The album also featured the single "Ooh It's Kinda Crazy" which reached #1 in Canada and was the number one request on MTV's Total Request Live at the time. The band toured with Destiny's Child, Christina Aguilera and 'N Sync. Lead singer Trevor Guthrie left the band in 2005 to write and record his first solo record. The group split up after.
"Centipede" is the first single by Rebbie Jackson. It is from her first record, "Centipede". It was her highest charting single to date. It peaked at #4 on the Billboard R&amp;B charts. The song was released in 1984. It is available in three different mixes, one of them extended.
Transplants are a type of surgery. Both tissues and organs can be transplanted.  Types. Types of transplants include: An organ transplant is a kind of surgery where the person being operated on will need an organ replaced, and gets a healthy one from someone else, a donor. Usually the organ is taken from someone who is recently deceased, except for organs like bone marrow or kidneys, which can be taken without harming the donor too much. Risks. Rejection. The critical problem with all transplants is transplant rejection by the host's immune system. Unless the host and donor are a very close genetic match, the host's immune system will reject the transplant. To stop this happening, drugs are used to suppress, or limit, the host's immune system. This in turn makes the host more vulnerable to various kinds of infection. To keep this problem to a minimum, transplants are only done when surgeons are satisfied that the host and donor are a fairly close match. Tests are done to see how closely the donor's organ or tissue matches the person who needs the organ.
Cannabis drug testing describes many drug testing methods for the use of cannabis in medicine, sport, and law. Cannabis use is easy to detect using urine testing, hair analysis and breath. There are some ways to cheat such a test using synthetic urine or human hair - making blood testing the most effective. Unlike alcohol, Cannabis testing is time consuming, expensive and cannot give accurate time of consuming and level of intoxication. The lack of good testing methods and universal intoxication level scale is an issue in the legality of cannabis debate, especially regarding intoxicated driving.
Premium economy is a travel class offered on some airlines to give better experience than economy class but for much less money than business class. In 1991, EVA Air became the first airline company to offer such a service. The Premium economy class is not regulated among airlines, and can be much different between airlines and routes. Premium economy is often limited to just small extras like more leg room, free meal and drinks.
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a Japanese manga series created by Hirohiko Araki. The manga, which began in 1987, currently has nine parts, with each part focusing on a different member of the Joestar family. A 13 episode OVA (Original Video Animation) of Part 3 ,"Stardust Crusaders", was released between 1993 and 2002, as well as an anime adaptation of the manga produced by David Production starting in 2012, with six of the nine parts fully adapted, the most recent part airing on Netflix. The series is well known for its unique art styles; poses; iconic moments; and nods to western music and fashion, as well as the various supernatural powers the characters possess throughout. Abilities. "There are 3 primary abilities shown within the series:" Stands – The most well known and prevalent ability in "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure". Introduced in Part 3, these are supernatural manifestations of the users spiritual power that assist them in combat and can have a wide range of uses and applications in and outside of combat. Hamon – Seen in the 1st and 2nd parts. This is a technique that allows the user to focus their energy into sunlight through controlled breathing. Hamon is used to counteract vampires and other supernatural beings sensitive to sunlight. Spin – Introduced in part 7. It is created through a perfect or almost perfect rotation, which creates a unique form of energy that can be used in combat. Spin is the universe counterpart to Hamon. Plot. Each of the series' protagonists is a member of the Joestar Bloodline, having a name that can be shortened down to "JoJo". The first six parts contain plots that are that are somewhat connected to the generational conflict beginning from the rivalry within Part 1. Parts 7 and 8 take place in an alternate universe where the Joestar family tree is heavily altered.  "(Volumes 1–5, 44 chapters.)"  Set in late 19th-century England, Jonathan Joestar (JoJo) meets his adopted brother Dio Brando, who hates JoJo and plans to take over the Joestar Family and their wealth. When
Decapitated are a Polish technical death metal band from Krosno.  Decapitated was formed in 1996 by guitarist Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka, his brother drummer Witold "Vitek" Kiełtyka, and vocalist Wojciech "Sauron" Wąsowicz when they were all in their teens. Bassist Marcin "Martin" Rygiel joined the band a year later and they released their first demo, "Cemeterial Gardens", in 1997 as well as their second demo, "The Eye of Horus", in 1998. The band released their debut album, "Winds of Creation" on April 11, 2000. The album was well-received and their second studio album "Nihility" was released on February 19, 2002. Decapitated was chosen to perform at the Polish Ozzfest event in late May. They released their third studio album "The Negation" on March 9, 2004 and it was produced by both Slawek and Vojtek Wieslawski. Sauron quit the band in 2005 and was replaced by Adrian "Covan" Kowanek. The band recorded "Organic Hallucinosis" and released the album on February 7, 2006. It was their fourth studio album and first album with their new vocalist. Martin left the band sometime after to live with his family and to move to California. On October 28, 2007, the band was involved in an automobile accident when their tour bus collided with a truck carrying wood in Gomel. Vitek and Covan were injured in the accident and Vitek died on November 2, 2007 in a Russian hospital from the injuries he sustained. Covan went into a coma and the band went on hiatus. The band ended their hiatus after Vogg said that he was searching for a new drummer and vocalist. Vocalist Rafał Piotrowski, bassist Filip "Heinrich" Hałucha and drummer Kerim "Krimh" Lechner all joined the
Benjamin Hammond Haggerty (born June 19, 1983), better known by his stage name Macklemore, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and activist.  The music video for his song "Thrift Shop" has been viewed more than 1 billion times on YouTube. It also reached #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. He said he was influenced by Freestyle Fellowship, Aceyalone, Living Legends, Wu-Tang Clan, Nas, and Talib Kweli during his earlier years. Macklemore is in support of gay rights, including same-sex marriage, and sang about it in the song "Same Love" which he also sings against homophobia in mass media, hip hop, and society. Macklemore was nominated for seven Grammy Awards at the 2014 Grammys. Macklemore and Lewis won Best New Artist, Best Rap Album ("The Heist"), Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance ("Thrift Shop"). Early life. He was taught at Garfield High School and then Nathen Hale High School. His parents are named Bill Haggerty and Julie Haggerty. He has one brother named Tim Haggerty. Tim Haggerty sings on few of Macklemore's songs like: "And We Danced" and "American". Career. In 2005 Macklemore released his first album, "The Language of My World". In 2006 he met Ryan Lewis. They released an album together, "The Heist". On January 26, 2014, Macklemore performed "Same Love" at the Grammy Awards. Personal life. Macklemore became engaged to Tricia Davis on January 21, 2013.
Public journal (official gazette, official journal, or official diary) is the daily record of the work of an official public organization, especially of legislatures of countries and/or its administrative divisions. Journals of this sort are also often called gazettes (state or government newspapers). In some countries, the publication in the official journal is a condition for a law to "come into effect" or "come into force" (in which the law becomes a reality), so that people know the law (or treaty) exists, which generally releases it into the public domain. But sometimes a public journal is not always released into the public domain.
Willie Eldon O'Ree, OC (born October 15, 1935 in Fredericton, New Brunswick) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that played 45 games in National Hockey League.  He is known for breaking the black color barrier in ice hockey and is referred to by the media as the "Jackie Robinson of ice hockey". He received the Order of Canada on April 7, 2010 and was also honored with the Hockey Legacy Award by the Boston Sports Museum on June 28, 2011.