ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
In law a brief is a formal written argument submitted to a court. It is in a format required by that particular court system. in civil law A brief generally contains the legal arguments in a lawsuit. In a criminal procedure briefs involve the state prosecuting one or more defendants for breaking one or more laws. In general, briefs contain references to the statutes, legal precedents and arguments applied to the facts for this particular case. When an attorney writes a brief, they are implicitly promising to give the court good reasons for ruling in favor of their client. An appellate brief is a brief prepared for an appellate court. An "amicus curiae", literally a "friend of the court", is a third party not involved in the case but who has a strong interest in the case. They may ask the court's permission to file an amicus brief in support of one of the parties.
Letters patent (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, or government. They are generally used in granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices. They may be used for the granting of city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as Governors and Governors-General of Commonwealth realms. In the United Kingdom they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law). This grants exclusive rights of an invention (or a design in the case of a design patent). In this case it is essential that the written grant should be in the form of a public document so other inventors can consult it to avoid infringement. It is also important to understand how to "practice" the invention or put it into practical use. The opposite of letters patent are letters close. These are personal in nature and sealed so that only the recipient can read their contents. Letters patent are comparable to other kinds of open letters in that their audience is wide.
Ravichandran Ashwin (born 17 September 1986 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu) is an Indian cricketer playing for the international team. He is a right arm spin bowler. But he bats too well in Test cricket.Ashwin is a right hand batsman. He is a 6 ft 2 inch tall cricketer. Cricket statistics. Ravichandran Ashwin had played for Indian international cricket team, Chennai Super Kings (IPL), Rising Pune Supergiants (IPL), Tamil Nadu (Ranji trophy) etc. teams. Test cricket. Ashwin scored 2 centuries in Test cricket, 124 and 103 both vs West Indies cricket team. His best bowling figure in Test cricket is 12/85 vs Australia in Hyderabad. Ashwin is the fastest Indian bowler to reach 100 wickets in 18th Test match and 5th fastest bowler in the world. He became the first Indian to hit a century and take 5 wickets in the same match. The third Indian to receive Man of the Match award on debut. He took 28 wickets in a single series against Australia beating Anil Kumble's world record. He totally picked up 176 wickets and scored 1204 runs in 32 Matches. One day Internationals. Ravichandran Ashwin scored 658 runs and picked up 142 wickets in 102 matches. His best bowling figure in ODI is 4/25 vs U.A.E in World Cup 2015. He is appreciated in One day Internationals for his economy rate while bowling and different variations. His highest batting score is 65 vs New Zealand.
La Baroche is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Asuel, Charmoille, Fregiécourt, Miécourt and Pleujouse merged into the new municipality of La Baroche.
Uma Shankar Mishra (1923 – 3 July 2016) was an Indian politician. He was an Indian Independence Movement Activist. He served as President-District Congress Committee Raebareli until his death in 2016. His political party is Indian National Congress. He was born in Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh. Mishra died in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh on 3 July 2016, aged 93.
Mauricio Walerstein (29 March 1945 – 3 July 2016) was a Mexican movie director, screenwriter and movie producer. He directed 17 movies between 1971 and 2014. His 1973 movie "Cuando quiero llorar no lloro" was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival. He also directed "Spaniards in Paris" (1973). Walerstein died on 3 July 2016 in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 71.
Markus Werner (; 27 December 1944 – 3 July 2016) was a Swiss writer. He was known as the author of the novels "Zündels Abgang" ("Zündel’s Departure") and "Am Hang" ("On the Edge"). He was born in Eschlikon, Thurgau. From 1975 to 1985, he worked as a teacher, and from 1985 to 1990 as an assistant professor at the "Kantonsschule" (high school) in Schaffhausen. Werner died on 3 July 2016 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, aged 72.
Gordon Murray (3 May 1921 – 30 June 2016) was a British television producer and puppeteer. He created and wrote popular children's television programmes. "Camberwick Green", "Trumpton", and "Chigley", known as the "Trumptonshire Trilogy," were all made by the company he set up. Murray died in London on 30 June 2016, aged 95.
Martin Lundström (30 May 1918 – 30 June 2016) was a Swedish cross-country skier. He competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He was born in Tvärliden, Norsjö Municipality. Lundström won two Olympic gold medals during the 1948 Winter Olympics in Saint-Moritz, Switzerland at the 18 km and 4 x 10 km relay events. He also won a bronze medal in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1952 Winter Olympics. Lundström also won at the 18 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1948. Additionally, he won a gold in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. He died in June 2016 in Stockholm at the age of 98.
Sir Geoffrey William Hill, FRSL (18 June 1932 – 30 June 2016) was an English poet, professor emeritus of English literature and religion, and former co-director of the Editorial Institute, at Boston University.  Hill has been thought to be among the most famous poets of his generation and was called the "greatest living poet in the English language."  From 2010 to 2015, he held the position of Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford.
Juan Habichuela ("né" Juan Carmona Carmona; 1933 – 30 June 2016) was a Spanish flamenco guitarist. He began his artistic life as a dancer, and later learned guitar. He wrote songs with many famous Spanish musicians such as Manolo Caracol, Juan Valderrama, Fosforito, and Enrique Morente. He was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Flamenco Album in 2000. Habichuela received the Latin Grammy Trustees Award in 2012 for "significant contributions, other than performance, to the field of recording during their careers".
Donald Ernest "Don" Friedman (May 4, 1935 – June 30, 2016) was an American jazz pianist. He was born in San Francisco, California. Friedman performed with Dexter Gordon, Chet Baker, Buddy DeFranco and Ornette Coleman, among others, before moving to New York. There, he led his own trio in addition to playing in Pepper Adams's, Booker Little's and Jimmy Giuffre's bands in the 1960s. He was also a part of Clark Terry's big band.  He most recently worked in New York as a pianist and jazz educator. He  Friedman died on June 30, 2016 in The Bronx, New York, aged 81.
Patricia Sue Summitt ("née Head"; June 14, 1952 – June 28, 2016) was an American college basketball head coach. During her career, she won 1,098 games. They are the most in NCAA basketball history. She was born in Clarksville, Tennessee. She served as the head coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team from 1974 to 2012, before retiring at age 59 because of a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. She won eight NCAA championships (a NCAA women's record when she retired), a number surpassed only by the 10 titles won by UCLA men's coach John Wooden and the 11 titles won by UConn women's coach Geno Auriemma. She was the first NCAA coach, and one of four college coaches overall, with at least 1,000 wins. Summitt died at a retirement home on June 28, 2016 from dementia in Knoxville, Tennessee, aged 64.
Xu Jiatun (; 10 March 1916 – 29 June 2016) was a Chinese communist politician and dissident. He was the Chinese Communist Party secretary of Jiangsu Province from 1977 to 1983 and the Governor of Jiangsu from 1977 to 1979. After supporting the 1989 Tiananmen Square student protests, he left the country and lived in self-exile in the United States. Xu died in Los Angeles, California on 29 June 2016 at the age of 100.
Sean Lester Rooks (September 9, 1969 – June 7, 2016) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1992 to 2004. He was an Assistant for Player Development for the Philadelphia 76ers. He played college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats, earning all-conference honors in the Pac-10 (known later as the Pac-12) as a senior. He was born in New York City. For the NBA, Rooks played for the Dallas Mavericks, Minnesota Timberwolves, Atlanta Hawks, Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, New Orleans Hornets, and the Orlando Magic. He retired from playing in 2012. He was the assistant coach for the Philadelphia 76ers at the time of his death. Rooks died on June 7, 2016 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from heart disease, aged 46.
Stephen Okechukwu Keshi (23 January 1962 – 7 June 2016) was a Nigerian football defender. He was also a football manager of the Nigeria national team. He was one of only two people, along with Egypt's Mahmoud El-Gohary, to have won the Africa Cup of Nations as both a player and a coach. Considered to be one of the best center backs ever to emerge from Nigeria. He was known as tough defender with good positioning, and rocket shot which helped him score some great goals from free kicks. He wasn't some technician, but could deliver a quality long pass all over the pitch, but on the other hand, his short passes were mostly delivered to his closest teammate. His first touch play wasn't good at some time, and when he made mistakes during the game, they were mostly because of his poor first touch clearances and ball trapping. His positioning was definitely his asset, but occasionally happened to him that he position himself pretty well but then react poorly and miss interception or clearance. He was definitely a threat in the aerial duels. In 2006, he was named one of the "Top 200 African Footballers of the Last 50 Years" by the Confederation of African Football. Playing career. Club. He began his football career in his native Nigeria, playing in the Nigerian championship for ACB Lagos and New Nigeria Bank. He then went to Côte d'Ivoire, where he played for Stade Abidjan and Africa Sport with the latter club, winning the national championship and the Cup of the country, after which he moved to Europe. Steven Kesha's first European club was Lokeren, which played in the second strongest division in Belgium. The following season, he moved to Anderlecht from the top flight, where he played for four seasons. With Anderlecht, he won the Belgian championship in the 1990/91 season, two runners-up (1988/89, 1989/90) and two Belgian Cup winners in 1988 and 1989. He played for Anderlecht in the UEFA Champions League. From 1991 to 1993 he
Sascha Lewandowski (5 October 1971 – 8 June 2016) was a German football manager. He last managed Union Berlin. Lewandowski was head coach of VfL Bochum II between 1 July 2006 to 31 December 2006. He was appointed as the head coach of Union Berlin on 1 September 2015. He stepped down on 4 March 2016, after six months in charge. He was born on 5 October 1971 in Dortmund, West Germany. On 9 June 2016, Lewandowski was found dead at his home in Bochum, Germany. He had died the day before his body was found.
Marina Malfatti (25 April 1933 – 8 June 2016) was an Italian actress. She was born in Florence, Italy. She was known for her roles in "The Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave", "The Red Queen Kills Seven Times", and in "Black Killer". Malfatti died on 8 June 2016 in Rome, Italy, aged 83.
Hamza Sultan Ali, also known as Hamza Shabbir (8 August 1995 – 9 June 2016) was an English cricketer.  He played for Hampshire, MCC Young Cricketers and Rawalpindi Rams. He played with his right-arm. He was a fast-medium bowler. He also batted right handed. Ali attended City Academy Bristol and Filton Sixth Form College. Ali died after drowning at the River Avon, Bristol on 9 June 2016, aged 20.
Nicole Courcel (21 October 1931 – 25 June 2016) was a French actress. She was popular through the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Saint-Cloud, western suburbs of Paris. She appeared in 43 movies between 1947 and 1979. After working as an extra in a few movies, she won a major role in "Rendez-vous de juillet" (1949), with Brigitte Auber. In 1970, she turned to television appearing in different television movies and miniseries, in which she continued to work until 2004. Courcel is best known for her role in Serge Bourguignon's "Sundays and Cybele" (1962). She had notable parts in: "La Marie du port" (1950, opposite Jean Gabin), Sacha Guitry's "Royal Affairs in Versailles" (1954), and "La Sorcière" (1956, opposite Marina Vlady). Courcel died on 25 June 2016 in Paris, aged 84.
The Battle of Yorktown or Siege of Yorktown was fought from April 5 to May 4, 1862, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. Marching from Fort Monroe, Union Major general George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac encountered Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder's small Confederate force at Yorktown. McClellan suspended his march up the Virginia Peninsula toward Richmond and settled in for siege operations. On April 5, the IV Corps of Brigadier general Erasmus D. Keyes made initial contact with Confederate defensive works at Lee's Mill. This was an area McClellan expected to move through without resistance. Magruder's movement of troops back and forth convinced the Union that his works were strongly held. As the two armies fought an artillery duel, reconnaissance indicated to Keyes the strength of the Confederate fortifications, and he advised McClellan against assaulting them. McClellan ordered the construction of siege fortifications and brought his heavy siege guns to the front. In the meantime, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston brought reinforcements for Magruder. On April 16, Union forces probed a point in the Confederate line at Dam No. 1. The Union failed to exploit the initial success of this attack, however. This lost opportunity held up McClellan for two additional weeks while he tried to convince the U.S. Navy to bypass the Confederates' big guns at Yorktown and Gloucester Point and ascend the York River to West Point and outflank the Warwick Line. McClellan planned a massive bombardment for dawn on May 5. But the Confederate army had slipped away during the night of May 3 toward Williamsburg. The battle took place near the site of the 1781 Siege of Yorktown, the final battle of the American Revolutionary War in the east.
William John "Bill" Cunningham Jr. (March 13, 1929 – June 25, 2016) was an American fashion photographer for "The New York Times". He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Cunningham was known for his candid and street photography. He first became known as a designer of women's hats before moving on to writing about fashion for "Women's Wear Daily" and the "Chicago Tribune". He began taking candid photographs on the streets of New York City. His work came to the attention of "The New York Times" with a 1978 capture of Greta Garbo in an unguarded moment. Cunningham reported for the paper from 1978 to 2016. Cunningham died from complications of a stroke at a New York City hospital on June 25, 2016, aged 87.
Meiringen is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Villages. Balm, Brünigen, Eisenbolgen, Hausen, Prasti, Sand, Stein, Unterbach, Unterheidon, Wylerli and Zaun.
Ron Lester (August 4, 1970 – June 17, 2016) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles in the movies "Varsity Blues", "Not Another Teen Movie", "Good Burger", and the TV show "Popular". He was born in Kennesaw, Georgia. Lester died at a hospital in Dallas, Texas on June 17, 2016 from liver and kidney failure, aged 45.
David Turner Morgenthaler (August 5, 1919 – June 17, 2016) was an American businessman and capitalist. He founded the venture capital firm Morgenthaler Ventures. He was also important in helping change the U.S. capital gains tax rate from 49% to 28% in 1978 and amending ERISA legislation to allow pension funds to invest in venture capital in 1979. He was born in Chester, South Carolina. Morgenthaler died on June 17, 2016 in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 96.
Betty Reid Soskin ("nee Charbonnet"; born September 22, 1921) is a retired African-American Park Ranger with the National Park Service. Soskin spoke clearly about how important national parks are. She said national parks are very important for telling American history. She helped to develop the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park in Richmond, California. She works there as a ranger.  Until her retirement in 2022 at aged 100, she was the oldest National Park Ranger in the United States. Famous For. Soskin was most famous for being a guide at the Rosie the Riveter World War II National Park. She talked about how the story of World War II that we hear was mainly white and male. She also supports national parks and how they educate the public. She also talks about her and her family's experiences with racism. On March 31, 2022, Soskin retired from the National Park Service. Early life and family. Soskin was born on September 22, 1921, in Detroit, Michigan. She was a mix of Spanish, French, and African, but identified as black. Betty married Mel Reid and they had four kids shortly after graduating high school. She experienced racism and decided to get involved in the civil rights movement. The couple started a business called Reid’s Records in 1945. They got a divorce after about 30 years of being married.  Soskin then married Bill Soskin in 1976 but their marriage ended after just four years. She later worked to make less drugs and crime in Berkeley, California after that. She got a job as a businesswoman. After, she helped plan the Rosie the Riveter and World War II National Park in Richmond, California. Soskin turned 100 in September 2021.
Mary Feik (March 9, 1924 – June 10, 2016) was an American aviation engineer, master mechanic, pilot, instructor and aircraft restorer. She received many awards and honors in her career. She was a colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. Feik died in Annapolis, Maryland from cancer on June 10, 2016, aged 92.
William Lester "Bill" Armstrong (March 16, 1937 – July 5, 2016) was an American businessman and politician. He was a member of the Republican party. He served as a United States Representative and Senator from Colorado. Armstrong died in Lakewood, Colorado on July 5, 2016 from cancer, aged 79.
Alexander "Alex" Govan (16 June 1929 – 10 June 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer. He played at outside left. Most of his career, he played with Plymouth Argyle (in two spells) and with Birmingham City during their most successful period in the 1950s. He also had a short spell with Portsmouth.  Govan died at his Plymouth, England home on 10 June 2016 at the age of 86. Honours. Plymouth Argyle Birmingham City
Habib Mohebian (; 27 September 1947 – 10 June 2016), commonly known as Habib, was an Iranian singer-songwriter. He was born in Tehran. Habib has many hit songs such as “Marde Tanhaye Shab”, “Shahla”, and “Madar”. The song “Shahla” was inspired after listening to an Azeri performer. However, there is a common misconception that Shahla has been inspired by Habib’s ex-wife (the name of his ex-wife is Shaadi and not Shahla). Habib died on June 10, 2016 in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran, from a heart attack, aged 68.
Gopal Gurung ( ( December 07, 1939 – June 10, 2016) was a Nepali journalist, author, politician and futurist of global politics. He led the fight against the discrimination done by the Indo Aryan (Bahun and Kshetri) people to the indigenous Mongol people of Nepal.&lt;ref name="books.google/"&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; He was the founder president of Mongol National Organization (MNO) and the first pioneer of republican Nepal.
Domenico "Mimmo" Palmara (25 July 1928 – 10 June 2016) was an Italian actor. He was born in Cagliari. Palmara made his movie debut in 1952 as character actor in drama movies by famous directors such as Luchino Visconti, Mario Monicelli and Antonio Pietrangeli. He was known for his roles as Sheriff Steven Benson in "For One Thousand Dollars Per Day". Palmara died on 10 June 2016 in Rome, Italy, aged 87.
Vasyl Yaroslavovych Slipak (, December 20, 1974 – June 29, 2016) was a Ukrainian baritone opera singer. From 1994, he performed in France at such venues as Paris Opéra and Opéra Bastille. For his opera performance, Slipak received several awards, including "Best Male Performance" for the Toreador Song. Hero of Ukraine. Death. Following the outbreak of the pro-Russian insurgency in Donbas, Slipak returned to Ukraine and joined in the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. In 2015, Slipak joined the fights against pro-Russian insurgents as a member of the 7th Battalion of the Volunteer Ukrainian Corps of the Right Sector. On 29 June 2016, Slipak was killed by a sniper shot near Luhanske, Bakhmut Raion. He was aged 41.
Alfred Oftedal Telhaug (25 September 1934 – 10 June 2016) was a Norwegian educator. Telhaug was born in Skudeneshavn. He graduated from Stavanger Cathedral School in 1953, the University of Oslo in 1962, and took the Ph.D. degree at the University of Trondheim in 1990. He was assigned with "Norges Lærerhøgskole" in Trondheim (later the Norwegian University of Science and Technology) from 1967 to 2001, and chaired the University's Institute of Pedagogy for three periods. From 1973 to 1981, he edited the journal "Norsk Pedagogisk Tidsskrift". His publications include "Fra parallelle skoler til enhetsskole" from 1974, "Vår nye videregående skole" from 1975, "Norsk skoleutvikling etter 1945" from 1982, and "Norsk utdanningspolitisk retorikk 1945–2000" from 1999. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Giuseppe Virgili (24 July 1935 – 10 June 2016) was an Italian footballer. He played as a striker. He was born in Udine, Italy. Virgili played for Udinese, Fiorentina, Torino, Bari, Livorno and Taranto. He entered the Fiorentina Hall of Fame in 2013. He also scored two goals in 7 appearances for the national team. Virgili died in hospital at the age of 80, following an illness.
Rudi Altig (18 March 1937 – 11 June 2016) was a German professional track and road racing cyclist. He won the 1962 Vuelta a España and the world championship in 1966. After his retirement from sports he worked as a television commentator. Altig died on 11 June 2016 in Remagen, Germany, as a result of cancer, aged 79.
Winfield Scott "Scotty" Moore III (December 27, 1931 – June 28, 2016) was an American guitarist and recording engineer. He was best known for his work with Elvis Presley in the first part of his career, between 1954 and the beginning of Elvis's Hollywood years.  Moore died on June 28, 2016, in Nashville, Tennessee, at the age of 84.
James David "Buddy" Ryan (February 17, 1931 – June 28, 2016) was an American football coach in the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL). During his 35-season coaching career, Ryan served as the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles and Arizona Cardinals, and the defensive coordinator of the Chicago Bears and Houston Oilers of the NFL. Ryan died at his ranch in Shelbyville, Kentucky on June 28, 2016 from cancer, aged 85.