ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
reliability and validity Reliability. Definition: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement or test. A reliable test produces similar results when administered under consistent conditions. Validity. Definition: Validity is the degree to which a test or measurement accurately assesses what it intends to measure. A valid test measures the concept or skill it claims to measure. More examples. Reliability: If a stopwatch consistently records the same time for an event when used multiple times, it is reliable. On the other hand, if the stopwatch shows different times for the same event, it is not reliable. Validity: If a driving test accurately assesses a person's ability to drive safely, it is a valid test. However, if the test measures unrelated skills or fails to capture important aspects of driving, it lacks validity. In simple terms,. Imagine you have a friend who is helping you test a new video game. Reliability is like having your friend play the game multiple times and getting consistent scores each time. If your friend gets different scores every time they play, it wouldn't be reliable because the results are not consistent. Validity is like making sure your friend is actually testing the game and not, for example, just pressing random buttons. If your friend is playing the game properly and the scores reflect how good or bad the game is, then the test is valid. So, in simple terms, reliability is about getting consistent results, and validity is about making sure the test measures what it's supposed to measure. Summary. In summary, reliability is about consistency, and validity is about accuracy in measuring what it's supposed to measure. Reliable measurements are consistent, while valid measurements accurately reflect the intended concept or skill.
The false hourglass tree frog or yellow tree frog ("Polypedates pseudocruciger") is a frog. It lives in India in the Western Ghat mountains. People have seen it between 200 and 950 meters above sea level. This frog lives in trees and on the lower plants. It lives in pine-needle tree forests not too high above sea level, in swamps, and in grassy forests. The female frog lays eggs on leaves over ponds that dry up for part of the year. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water. Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place, but they believe people cutting down its forests may harm it.
Balistomorphus ovalis is an extinct, prehistoric triggerfish that lived during the early Oligocene epoch in what is now the canton of Glarus, Switzerland.  Description. This fish had a lot of similarities to the modern-day triggerfish, including the placement of the eyes.
Al-Hiwar is an Arabic TV channel broadcast from London. The TV channel broadcasts programs related to socioeconomic issues of the average Arab living in the West. History. Al-Hiwar was founded in 2006. Its founder Azzam Al-Tamimi is a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and supporter of the Palestinian political party and resistance group Hamas. Goals. The goals of Al-Hiwar are to build a better future for Arabs. The TV channel also wishes to bring up the importance of communication between people.  The channel is also supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood and is described by Tamimi as "victims".
The Arab Nationalist Guard is a secularist militant group from Syria. The group's ideology is Arabism and does not involve in sectarian, ethnic, and religious conflict. The group's members are mainly nationalists from different countries in the Arab world. History. The group was formed on April 2013, by Arab volunteers who wanted to fight against Takfiri groups that wanted to cause division between the Arabs. The group from late 2013 to early 2014, mainly fought in the Rif Dimashq Governorate, but was also involved in clashes in the Aleppo Governorate, Daraa Governorate, and Homs Governorate. By the year 2017, the group had moved into the city of Deraa. The group later fought in the Siege of Eastern Ghouta. In 2020, the Israeli secret police arrested members of the PFLP who were allegedly working with the group.
Winchmore is a farming settlement in the Ashburton District, New Zealand. It is situated 12 kilometers west of Ashburton and 22 kilometers southeast of Methven on State Highway 77. It had a primary school that closed in 1927, has a community hall and research weather station. References.
The jihadist flag is a flag used commonly by Islamist movements as a symbol of jihad. The jihadist flag usually is the Black Standard with writing of the Shahada in a calligraphy style. The flag was adopted by Islamist and Jihadist movements in the 1990s to early 2000s. Groups that have used a flag similar to the jihadist flag are: Daesh variant. The version used by Daesh depicts the second part of the shahada using the historical seal of Muhammad. In 2014, the former British Prime Minister David Cameron said that anybody showing the flag of Daesh in the UK should be arrested per the Terrorism Act 2000. The flag has also been banned from being used in the Netherlands since August of 2014. The use of the Daesh flag is banned in Germany for non-educational purposes has been illegal in Germany since September of 2014. Austria proposed a similar ban in the same month after Germany banned the flag of Daesh.
Lauriston is a lightly populated settlement in the Ashburton District, New Zealand. It is roughly 20 kilometers southwest of Rakaia and 15 kilometers east of Methven. It has a primary school that opened in 1883. In early 1999 the catchment included students from Lyndhurst school after their closure. References.
El Dorado is a ripped field found at the Gusev crater in the region of Aeolis Quadrangle on the planet Mars. It has 160 degrees°, from left to right of Pancam images photographed in the new year of 2006, by NASA. Geography. The El Dorado dunes are located at the "Gale crater." The Namib Dune (Mt. Sharp) is also found in the Husband Hills of Columbia. This image was taken from the camera of the Curiosity (rover) and sent to Earth.
Reem Riyashi was a Palestinian suicide bomber from Gaza City who is well known for killing herself and 4 Israelis at a border crossing. She was born in the year 1981 on a unknown date and died on the 14th of January 2004. The suicide bombing was premediated by Hamas and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in a joint operation in response to Israeli invasions into cities in the West Bank which left 25 civilians dead. Bombing. Riyashi blew up a 2 kilogram bomb inside a building where Palestinians are processed so they can work in a industrial zone inside of Israel. The IDF claimed that when she went through the metal detector, she pretended to have a leg injury and said she had metal plates in her leg which would set off the alarm. She asked to be body searched instead. After being taken to a bag checking area, a woman was sent to search her and then she blew up her suicide bomb. Two IDF soldiers, one Israeli policeman, and a Israeli worker at the facility were killed. 7 other Israelis and 4 Palestinians were injured.
The titan triggerfish, giant triggerfish or mustache triggerfish ("Balistoides viridescens") is a large triggerfish found in most of the Indo-Pacific. It is sometimes called the biggest triggerfish species, but that title goes to the unrelated stone triggerfish. Behavior. This big beast is diurnal, usually eating sea urchins, crustaceans, tube worms and coral. It can flip rocks, stir up some sand, and bite off pieces of branching coral. This is why other smaller fish species are often seen following it. This is because they feed on the detritus that has been stirred up by the titan triggerfish. Interaction with humans. Though titan triggerfish are usually wary of people swimming around, females can be territorial and aggressive around their nests.
Franz Balzer (2 November 1893 - 18 October 1924) was an Austrian footballer. He played as defender for SK Rapid Wien. After his career he was coach with Wiener AC and Vienna Cricket and Football-Club.  Honours. Austrian championː 1913, 1916, 1917
Healthcare in Iran has the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. Total health spending was equivalent to 6% of GDP in Iran in 2017. About 90% of Iranians have some form of health insurance. Iran is the only country with a legal organ trade. Organ donation is called gifting of organs and not sale and purchase. In 2016, Bloomberg News ranked Iran 30th most efficient healthcare system ahead of the and Brazil. Iran has developed public health preventive services with a Primary Health Care Network. Child and maternal mortality rates have fallen significantly, and life expectancy at birth has risen remarkably. Infant mortality was 28.6 in 1,000 live births and under-five mortality was 35.6 per 1,000 live births in 2000. In 1970 they were 122 per 1,000 and 191 per 1,000. Immunization of children is accessible to most of the urban and rural population. It is a centre for cosmetic surgery. It was 12th in the world for the number of cosmetic surgery procedures in 2022. 320,000 were recorded. 80% are for women. Rhinoplasty is the most common. Babak Nikoumaram, chair of the Iranian Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons said. “Incongruous western beauty standards are forced upon Iranians.” He says many operations are not counted in those numbers. About 8.5% of plastic surgery clients in Iran came from other countries in 2022. The price is lower than in Western countries.
The Gempylidae are a family of fishes that are called snake mackerels. They belong in the order Scombriformes. The family includes about 25 species. Description. These creatures are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin just like them. However, they are smaller. They have fangs like a barracuda.The largest species, including the snoek ("Thyrsites atun"), grow up to 2 m long, and the oilfish ("Ruvettus pretiosus") can reach 3 m.
Nataruk is a prehistoric battle site in Kenya. It is located just southwest of Lake Turkana. It has the bones of people. The bones are from the second oldest battle in human history. The date is about c.7,550–8,550 BC. This battle used arrows and clubs. East of Turkana and near Nataruk, there was the Lake Turkana. The lake is much larger than now. It was important for food: many fish, flamingos, deer, and other animals. The area was full of resources for the hunter gatherers. They left lots of pottery, fishing tools, nets, etc.  Discovery. When archaeologists and scientists studied the bones, they found a lot of skeletal damage. The damage was in the ribs, hands, knees, neck, and skull. Remains of 27 people were found there; 6 young children, 1 teenager, and 20 adults, but not all of them were wounded.  The attackers are believed to be using projectiles, or arrows. The arrows made a 'pierced' damage in the bones. Two other weapons were wooden clubs and spiked rocky clubs.  The battle at Nataruk was not for power, but for survival, as people competed for resources around Lake Turkana (especially when it's full of resources).  The first archaeological group leader to discover this prehistoric site is "Marta Mirazón Lahr".
Onchopristis is an extinct genus of giant sawskate that lived during the Cretaceous of North Africa, Europe, and North America. It is probably the most well-known sclerorhynchoid. Throughout the years, people thought "Onchopristis" was a ginormous sawfish. However, studies show that this is not the case. It is on the menu for the "Spinosaurus". "Onchopristis" was named by Ernst Stromer in 1917. Although the spelling "Onchopristis numidus" is commonly used, it is grammatically incorrect and the name of the species is literally "Onchopristis numida".  The two species of "Onchopristis" are Onchopristis numida and Onchopristis dunklei. Etymology. Its name is derived from the Ancient Greek "ónkos" (ὄγκος, 'barb') and "prístis" (πρίστις, 'saw' or 'sawfish'). Description. As mentioned earlier, "Onchopristis" was a large sawskate from the Cretaceous. This beast had a long rostrum with a few denticles. Its snout was used to impale prey or cut them do their death.
The Erez Crossing bombing was a suicide bombing which happened on the 14th of January 2004, at the border crossing/cargo terminal Erez Crossing located on the border of Israel and the Gaza Strip. 4 Israelis were killed and 10 people (4 of them Palestinian) were injured in the bombing.  Both Hamas and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack claiming the attack as a joint operation against Israel for killing 25 Palestinian civilians.
Baharipristis is an extinct genus of Cretaceous sawskate with one unique species called Baharipristis bastetiae. It was described from the Cenomanian-aged Bahariya Formation of Gebel Ghorabi, Egypt. Description. Not much is known about this fish. However, we do know that like most members of the Ganopristidae and also the whole Sclerorhynchoidei, it had a long rostrum with denticles.
Observation is a fundamental aspect of experimental research, providing valuable insights into the natural world. In scientific terms, observation refers to the systematic and careful examination of phenomena to gather information and generate knowledge. In the realm of scientific experiments, observation involves keenly watching and recording events, behaviors, or changes in the environment. Researchers employ this method to collect data and draw meaningful conclusions about the world around them. Observations can be qualitative, focusing on qualities such as color, texture, or behavior, or quantitative, involving measurements and numerical data. Examples of observation in experimental contexts. Biological observations. Qualitative: A biologist observes the intricate patterns of butterfly wing colors, noting variations and documenting their significance for species identification. Quantitative: Researchers measure the growth rates of plants under different light conditions, recording precise height and leaf counts to analyze the impact of light intensity on plant development. Physics observations. Qualitative: A physics student watches the oscillations of a pendulum and describes the motion patterns, noting any irregularities or unique behaviors. Quantitative: Scientists measure the acceleration due to gravity by carefully timing the fall of objects from a known height, collecting data to calculate precise values. Social science observations. Qualitative:  A sociologist observes group dynamics in a classroom setting, noting communication patterns and non-verbal cues to understand social interactions. Quantitative: Researchers conduct surveys to observe and quantify public opinions on social issues, using statistical methods to analyze data and draw conclusions. Chemical observations. Qualitative: Chemists observe the color changes in a chemical reaction, noting shifts from one hue to another as an indicator of the reaction's progress. Quantitative: Scientists measure the rate of reaction by recording the time it takes for a specific quantity of reactants to be consumed, providing numerical data for analysis. Conclusion. Observation is the backbone of experimental and natural science, allowing researchers to explore, understand, and explain the intricacies of the natural world. Whether it be in biology, physics, social sciences, or chemistry, observation is a versatile tool that helps researchers unravel the mysteries of our surroundings. By polishing the skill of careful and systematic observation, individuals can contribute to the collective body of scientific knowledge, fostering a deeper understanding of the world we live in.
Balistes is a genus of triggerfish. Species. Four species are recognized in this genus: Species information. Grey triggerfish. The grey triggerfish is a species of triggerfish. It is a small fish, usually less than 2.3 kg (5.1 lb). The premaxilla and maxilla form a robust unit and this in turn is attached by a ligament to the vomer and ethmoid. The upper jaw, however, is not protrusible.  Finescale triggerfish. The finescale triggerfish is a kind of triggerfish that is found in the Pacific coast of the Americas from northern California southwards to central Chile, including the Galápagos Islands. Bluespotted triggerfish. The bluespotted triggerfish is a species of triggerfish from the Eastern Atlantic. Queen triggerfish. The queen triggerfish is a triggerfish found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is blue, purple, turquoise and green with a yellowish throat, and light blue lines on the fins and head.
Crown green bowls is a type of bowls. It is played outdoors on grass or artificial turf. It is named crown green because of the raised center of the grass. Crown green bowls is played in the Midlands, Northern England, and North Wales. History. The game of bowls started in 3200 BC in Ancient Egypt. It was a type of boules. Crown Green was developed from the 15th to 18th century. Rich players wanted to play bowls in gardens. Poorer players played the game in parks. The less flat surfaces led to Crown Green rules. The "British Crown Green Amateur Association" was created in 1907. This association created standard rules for the game. Lancashire is the oldest bowling county association in England. Playing the game. Equipment. The game has very little equipment apart from the playing surface. It has a small ball called a "jack". The jack is the target to throw at. The jack can be white or yellow. The players roll larger balls (known as "bowls" or "woods") at the jack. The bowls were historically black or brown. Recently, these can be in any colour. The bowls are heavier on one side. The heavier side is known as the "bias". When rolled forward, the bowl will turn left or right towards the bias. At the end of the area where the game is being played is a small channel called the "ditch". There is also a rectangular carpet called a "mat". The person playing has to stand on the mat. Unlike other types of bowls, the playing surface isn't flat. Rules. The player has to stand on the mat. Teams of up to four players compete. The players are named by what position they are in order. The first player is the "lead". The next two are "second" and "third". The last player being called a "skip". The skip usually starts at the other end of the area until their turn to play. The bowls are heavier on one side. The heavier side is known as the "bias". When rolled forward, the bowl will turn left or right towards the bias.
On 14 November 2021, a taxi with a passenger came to the main entrance of Liverpool Women's Hospital in Liverpool, England. An improvised explosive device that the passenger was carrying exploded, killing him and injuring the driver. The police later said it was a terrorist attack. The attacker was refused asylum in 2014 and lost appeal in 2015. He lived in England until his attack. Incident. On 14 November 2021, an explosion happened inside a taxi as it went in front of the main entrance of the Liverpool Women's Hospital in Liverpool, England. The driver left the taxi seconds later and ran away. A fire badly burned the car after that. The explosion was caused by an improvised explosive device which was carried by the taxi's passenger. The passenger died in the attack. The taxi driver was admitted to the hospital, with injuries including an ear needing to be put back on, but was released the next day. Merseyside Police were at the scene, along with fire and ambulance crews. The Royal Logistic Corps' Bomb Squad was also there. The hospital was put under a lockdown, roads were closed and a cordon was in place around the hospital by the evening. Armed police stayed at the hospital during this. The passenger's motivation for carrying the device was not known at first. One theory was that he wanted to walk to Liverpool Cathedral and detonate his device as the congregation left. The hospital is not very far away from the cathedral, where the remembrance service was happening. The service was attended by thousands of veterans and military personnel with a parade happening after. Investigation. The taxi driver picked up the passenger in Rutland Avenue, which is about 10 minutes away from the hospital. Early reports suggested that when they arrived he locked the doors of his taxi while his passenger was inside before it went up in flames, although a Counterterrorism spokesman said that officers had not yet talked to the driver as of Sunday evening. Police later confirmed that the fire had been caused by the ignition of a home-made explosive device. Merseyside Police armed units raided a property in the Sefton Park area, although the BBC reported that police had not confirmed whether the two incidents were related. Three men aged
Gaan-Ngai is a festival of the KABUI TRIBES OF MANIPUR. It is also celebrated in Assam, Manipur and Nagaland states in North Eastern India. It is a festival of light. It is a post harvest festival.  Observance. Gaan-Ngai is a festival of light. It celebrates the victory of light over evil. It welcomes the coming of fire. It is a harvest festival. It is celebrated to thank the God Tingkao Ragwang. It announces the start of a new year. The festival is usually celebrated in the month of November or December. Some times it might be celebrated later in January. The festival is also called as Hega Ngi and Chaga Ngi or Chaga Gadi by the tribal people. Background. The people who celebrates this festival believes that, Life was created on earth by Tingkao Ragwang, the creator god. There was no cooked food to eat. After praying to god, the god gave fire. The fire was used to cook rice. The festival is celebrated to honor the same. The festival is celebrated for five days. Practices. Festival include various rituals, prayers and festivities. God is offered the first taste of meals and drinks. God is taken on a procession. Various games and sports are conducted. A new fire is produced using bamboo wood to cook. Fire means bright future. Food and meat are distributed to all. The festival also honors those who died in previous year. Graves are decorated and offerings are made. This enables the souls to go to heaven. Music, dance and songs are also part of the festival.
Campbelltown is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is 8.7 km northeast of Adelaide.
Fagundes is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
The M2 Bradley and the M3 Bradley are the two combat vehicles, and sometimes called "tanks", in a family of tanks called Bradley fighting vehicles. The Bradley fighting vehicle is an armored vehicle in service with the United States army. The Bradley is made for use by infantry.  The Bradley comes in two types, the M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting vehicle and the M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle. It is currently being manufactured by BAE systems. It is lightly armored and fully tracked. It is adequately armoured to protect against small arms and artillery fragments. The bradley has good cross country mobility being fast enough to keep up with the m1 abrams.The Bradley's main armament is the 25mm m242 chain gun and anti tank TOW missiles. The main gun along with the missiles are useful against most armored targets. The TOW missile system can destroy lightly armored vehicles up to 2.3 miles away. It's firing ports are armed with several mounted m16 rifles. The M2 version can contain infantry that can dismount and fight on foot. Specifications. Service:  Engine: Cummins VTA-903T diesel Armament: 25 mm M242 chain gun; TOW anti-tank missile; 7.62 mm M240C machine gun Crew: 3 crew, 6-man infantry squad Range: 300 miles Maximum Speed: 41 mph Combat history: In January 2024, a video showed a pair of M2A2 Bradleys fighting and disabling a Russian T-90M tank at close range in Stepove (map), Pokrovsk raion, Ukraine. Like the previous M113 vehicle family the BFV will eventually be the base of a large range of support vehicles.
Carmignano di Brenta is a "comune" in the Province of Padua in the Veneto region in Italy. Twin towns. Carmignano di Brenta is twinned with:
Albbruck is a municipality in Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the southwestern border with Switzerland. Twin towns. Albbruck is twinned with: