ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The peak-end rule is a psychological term proposed by and Daniel Kahneman. It suggests the following: When evaluating an experience, people do not recall details in every moment they experienced. People mainly recall what happened and how they felt at the peak and the end of the event. The peak is the time when they had the strongest emotion. Our feelings at the peak and the end of the event decide what people generally feel about an experience. The feelings at the peak and the end take up similar weights, which means the memory of the experience is the average of the two. The peak-end rule is a form of . When evaluating past experiences, people concentrate on the peak and the end while other parts of the experience are neglected. How long they have had the experience, is neglected. According to peak-end rule, humans use false memories to form preferences and make decisions. Thus, decisions are very unlikely to lead to the best outcome they want. By contrast, the standard economics suggests that humans can always choose something that serves them the best, producing the largest net pleasantness. The establishment of the theory is evidence against the rational choice theory. First establishment and one scientific example. The peak–end rule was first established by Daniel Kahneman and others in 1993. In the experiment, participants were divided into two groups. They had to undergo an unpleasant experience. Everything else was the same, except for one group who had to go through an extra, less unpleasant experience at the end. Let us call this group Group B and previous group Group A. The researchers concluded that the most unpleasant, the peak, and the final intensity of unpleasantness, the end were used to evaluate the procedure. In this case, the end of Group B is less unpleasant. At the same time, the peak of both Group A and Group B were the same. Thus, the sum of the unpleasantness of the peak and the end was less for Group B. As a result, participants from Group B found the experience less unpleasant, although for both the duration of and the sum of unpleasantness, Group A &lt; Group B. Explanations. Why only the peak and the end? The peak-end rule is a type of . The peak and
Loss aversion is a concept in psychology. It is to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains. The principle is prominent in economics. The principle of loss aversion was first proposed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. Loss aversion happens when people face the same amount of gains and losses and find the loss is more unbearable. In other words, the pain of loss is greater than the pleasure of equal gain. In some experiments females have a higher level of loss aversion than males.  Affective Science and Neural basis. The cause of loss aversion lies in people's asymmetric emotional response to gain and loss. This is particularly strong during the anticipation processing and the immediate experience after presenting the outcome. One study of income and well-being indicates that when people make loss-averse choices, it is not directly due to the loss itself but because the impact brings a series of negative consequences that follow the loss.A classic example presented in the book "Thinking, Fast and Slow" of a flipping coin implies that people will first compare the satisfaction of gaining with the pain of losing before making a decision. Thus, most people would not choose to participate in coin gambling with 50% to get $150 and 50% to lose $100; and according to the "loss aversion ratio," the minimum amount to fulfil the pain of losing $100 will be $200. In 2001, J. O' Doherty and his colleagues found that humans process losses and gains in qualitatively different ways by using brain imaging technology. There is a correlation between the magnitude of brain activation and the extent of reward and losses.When we are evaluating potential gains, the areas of the brain that process value and reward become more active than it does when assessing the potential losses. The different loss aversion levels differ from individuals by the degrees of sensitivity to losses and gains. Supports. Equity premium puzzle. Equity premium puzzle is the problem of why there is a big difference between returns in stocks and risk-free investments. Stocks are much riskier than government bonds. The underinvestment in stocks relative to bonds supports the idea of loss aversion theory. The myopic loss aversion introduced by Shlomo Benartzi
RTÉ One () is a television channel in Ireland. It is the main TV channel of Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). It is the most popular channel in Ireland. It started in 31 December 1961 and was called "Telefís Éireann". It was the first TV channel in Ireland. It was called "RTÉ" from 1966, and "RTÉ 1" from 1978 when RTÉ 2 started. The channel was only in black and white between 1961 and 1968. From 1968, some programmes were broadcast in PAL colour. Some of the money for the channel comes from a government television licence, and the rest comes from advertisements. RTÉ channels have fewer advertisements than other channels because of this. RTÉ One can be watched by 98% of people in Ireland in HD on the Saorview digital service. It can also be watched on Freeview, Sky, Virgin Media, and online through RTÉ Player.
Burt Styler (February 20, 1925 – June 13, 2011) was an American television screenwriter and movie producer. Burt was born in New York City, New York. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series in 1972 for writing the episode "Edith's Problem" on "All in the Family". Styler died from heart failure on June 13, 2011 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California. He was aged 86.
Leimarel Sidabi () is the highest ranked mother goddess in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism). She is known for having many s as divine ladies. Each of her incarnations are for the welfare of the mankind. For this reason, she is known as "Langon Yambi Ima" (, lit. "The Divine Mother who incarnates herself in many divine forms"). Among her incarnations, the personalities of Emoinu, Panthoibi and Phouoibi depict as well as influence the , courage, independence, goodness and social honour of Meitei women. The connection of the highest female form with the basic needs of life shows the importance of women in Meitei society. Incarnations. Imoinu. "Imoinu" or "Emoinu" () is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi.  Supreme God Sidaba () asked His wife, Leimarel Sidabi () to create another Leimarel. Leimarel Sidabi is the first woman. The second Leimarel will be the second woman. She is to take care of the mankind on the planet earth. Goddess Leimarel Sidabi created the second Leimarel. The appearances of the first and the second Leimarels were similar. The first Leimarel named the second one as "Emoinu Ahongbi". Ireima. "Ireima" (, "Ereima") alias "Irai Leima" (, "Erai Leima") is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. She is the goddess of water. Lān Leima. "Lān Leima" (, "Laan Leima") or "Lāl Leima" (, "Laal Leima") is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. Leimalel becomes Lān Leima when she is in the battlefield. Lān Leima is the goddess of war. Leinaotabi. "Leinaotabi" () is an incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi. She was the youngest wife of God Thongalel. Later, she was married to Poireiton.
Vincent Terrell Jackson (January 14, 1983 – ) was an American football player. He was a wide receiver. He played for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Diego Chargers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Jackson was chosen for the Pro Bowl three times (2009, 2011, 2012). He retired in 2018. Jackson was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He played college football at the University of Northern Colorado. On February 15, 2021, Jackson was found dead in a hotel room in Brandon, Florida. He was 38. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Jackson had been suffering from Stage 2 chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
DWAD (1098 AM) Now Radio is a radio station in the Philippines. Crusaders Broadcasting System owns DWAD. Its studio is at 304 Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong City and its transmitter is at 209 E. De la Paz Street, Mandaluyong City. History. On March 5, 2021 DWAD's studio moved to Dulmao Sports Center in Mandaluyong. It was formerly at 209 E. Dela paz street, Mandaluyong.
Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde Kyenge (born 1978) is a Congolese politician. He has been the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 15 February 2021 until 12 June 2024. He came into office the day of the tragic 2021 Congo River disaster. He was named Prime Minister by President Félix Tshisekedi in February 2021. On August 12, 2024, Sama Lukonde Kyenge was elected president of the senate, with 84 votes out of 96.
Yusriansyah Syarkawi (26 July 1950 – 16 February 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was Regent of Paser from 1999 to 2004, and again from 2016 until his death. Syarkawi died on 16 February 2021, aged 70.
María del Pilar Unzalu Pérez de Eulate (24 June 1957 – 14 February 2021) was a Spanish politician. She was a member of the Basque Parliament and the Congress of Deputies from 2004 until 2009. Unzalu was born in Álava, Spain. She was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.  Unzalu died on 14 February 2021 in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain from COVID-19, aged 63.
Ari Gold (February 11, 1974 – February 14, 2021) was an American pop singer and songwriter.  He was openly gay. Many of his songs songs talked about his life as a gay Jew such as in his album titled "Ari Gold – Untitled: The Making of a Gay Pop Star". Gold died from leukemia on February 14, 2021, at age 47.
Ion Mihai Pacepa (; 28 October 1928 – 14 February 2021) was a Romanian two-star general in the Securitate. He worked for the secret police of Communist Romania. He defected to the United States in July 1978 following President Jimmy Carter's approval of his political asylum.  He was an advisor to President Nicolae Ceauşescu. He worked with the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Pacepa died on 14 February 2021 of COVID-19 in New Jersey, aged 92.
Pál Simon (17 February 1929 – 6 February 2021) was a Hungarian chemical engineer and politician. He was the last Minister of Heavy Industry in the cabinet of Prime Minister György Lázár from 1975 to 1980. He was also Hungarian Ambassador to Yugoslavia between 1981 and 1985. Simon died on 6 February 2021 after a brief illness, eleven days before his 92nd birthday.
Inger Bjørnbakken (28 December 1933 – 13 February 2021) was a Norwegian alpine skier. He was born in Bærum, Norway. She finished tied for sixth place in the women's slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics. She also finished fourteenth in the giant slalom.  Two years later, Bjørnbakken won the women's slalom at the 1958 World Championships in Bad Gastein. She later finished fourteenth in the 1960 Winter Olympics.  Bjørnbakken died in a fire on 13 February 2021 at the age of 87.
Urs Jaeggi (23 June 1931 – 13 February 2021) was a Swiss sociologist, painter, and author. He was born in Solothurn, Switzerland. From 1964 to 1993, he was a Professor of Sociology and Social Philosophy in Bern, Berlin and New York City. He won the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize in 1981.  Jaeggi died on 13 February 2021 at the age of 89.
Doris Bunte (July 2, 1933 – February 15, 2021) was an American Democratic politician. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. From 1973 to 1984, Bunte was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.  Bunte died on February 15, 2021 in Boston from cancer at the age of 87.
Alberto Canapino (23 May 1963 – 15 February 2021) was an Argentine racing car engineer. He was born in Arrecifes, Argentina. He was also known for managing his son's, Agustín Canapino races. Canapino was known for being part of Turismo Carretera races.  On 3 February 2021, Canapino was hospitalized in Buenos Aires with COVID-19. He died on 15 February 2021 from the infection, aged 57.
Lucía Guilmáin (3 August 1942 – 15 February 2021) was a Mexican actress. She was born in Mexico City. Her career began in 1965. She retired in 2016. Guilmáin was known for her roles in "Las fuerzas vivas" (1975), "Length of War" (1976) and "Darker Than Night" (2014). Guilmáin died on 15 February 2021 in Mexico City, aged 78.
Muhammed Seif Khatib (10 January 1951 – 15 February 2021) was a Tanzanian politician. He was a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. Khatib was a member of the National Assembly for Uzini constituency from 1995 until 2015. Khatib died on 15 February 2021, aged 70.
Jalaludin Rakhmat (29 August 1949 – 15 February 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. He was a lecturer at Padjadjaran University. Rakhmat was a member of the People's Representative Council from 2014 until 2019. Rakhmat was born in Bandung, Indonesia. Rakhmat died on 15 February 2021 in Bandung from COVID-19, aged 71.
Juan Azarías Pacheco Knipping (25 March 1935 – 15 February 2021), known as Johnny Pacheco, was a Dominican musician, arranger, bandleader, and record producer.  Pacheco became one of the leading musicians of the Cuban charanga in the United States in the early 1960s. He was the founder and musical director of Fania Records. He was also well known for making the genre and term salsa.  Pacheco was a 9-time Grammy nominee and was awarded the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by the Latin Recording Academy in 2005. Pacheco died at a hospital in Teaneck, New Jersey on 15 February 2021 from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 85.
Raymond Lévesque (October 7, 1928 – February 15, 2021) was a Canadian singer-songwriter and poet from Quebec. He was known for making "chansonnier" popular in Quebec. He was best known for writing "Quand les hommes vivront d'amour". Lévesque died of COVID-19 on February 15, 2021 at the age of 92.
Zdzisław Najder (; 31 October 1930 – 15 February 2021) was a Polish literary historian, critic, and political activist. He was known for his studies on Joseph Conrad. He was political adviser to Lech Wałęsa and Jan Olszewski, and for having served as chief of the Polish-language section of Radio Free Europe. He was exiled from Poland in 1981. He was sentenced to death in absentia. Najder died on 15 February 2021, aged 90.
Leopoldo Jacinto Luque (; 3 May 1949 – 15 February 2021) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a striker. Luque began his career in 1972 and lasted until 1984. He played for Unión de Santa Fe, Rosario Central, River Plate, Racing Club de Avellaneda and Chacarita Juniors. Luque played for the national team from 1975 until 1981. In February 2007, Luque suffered a heart attack. He died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina on 15 February 2021, aged 71.
Kelsey Asbille Chow (born September 9, 1991) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Mikayla in the Disney XD sitcom "Pair of Kings".  From 2005 to 2009, she played Gigi Silveri on the drama "One Tree Hill". She also played Tracy Stewart in MTV's "Teen Wolf" from 2015 until 2016.
Novy Chas (, New Time in English) is a private newspaper from Belarus. It comes every week. It writes about society and politics in the Belarusian language.  History. The government has been making troubles for "Novy Chas" all the time. Shortly after its start, "Novy Chas" was stopped to be printed. The newspaper was warned by the government of Belarus at the end of 2007. In June 2010, the paper was also warned by the Ministry of Information. Then it was took away from stores run by the government. It has been writing about the 2020 Belarusian protests and 2020 Belarusian presidential election, so several journalists of "Novy Chas" have been tried and arrested for that. Since February 2021, the newspaper is taken away from stores run by the government again. On May 28, 2021, the Deputy Prosecutor General of Belarus Maksim Voronin made a warning to the editor-in-chief of "Novy Chas". The official did not like three stories printed in the newspaper in February and April 2021. The warning was written in Russian and had some citations from these Belarusian stories. Their translation from the Belarusian language into the Russian language was wrong, though. On June 7, 2021, Belposhta (Belpost (), Belarusian postal service) said no to making an agreement on using its subscription services for the second half of 2021 to the office of "Novy Chas". On August 10, 2021, it became known that there will be no newspaper in the print form after August 12. The private printing house "Roll Print" wrote a letter about it on July 27. The printing house ran into troubles in the process of printing, so it became not possible to stick to the agreement on printing, it said. "Novy Chas" tried to find a new printing house but did not make it. "Novy Chas" promised that its website and social network services would be kept going. On October 19–20, 2021, the "Novy Chas" office and the houses of
or simply J3 is the third division of that has established a third-tier professional association football league in Japan starting in 2013.
was a Japanese women's football team which played in Nadeshiko League. It was founded in 1989. The club was disbanded in 1999.
is a Japanese women's football team which plays in Nadeshiko League. Honors. Domestic. Beleza has attained the domestic treble (winning the Nadeshiko League, League Cup, and Empress's Cup) twice, in 2007 and 2018.
was a Japanese women's football team which played in Nadeshiko League. It founded the league back in 1976. The club was disbanded in 2008.
Esther Ouwehand (born 10 June 1976) is a Dutch animal rights activist and politician of the Party for the Animals ("Partij voor de Dieren" - PvdD). Politics. The Party of the Animals gained for the first time some (two) seats in the House of Representatives in the 2006 Dutch general election, which enabled Ouwehand and party leader Marianne Thieme to enter parliament. Since 30 November 2006, she has been a parliamentarian, with an interruption from November 2015 to October 2016 due to a burnout. Since 9 October 2019, she has been both parliamentary and party leader, as successor of Thieme (for a brief period she was already parliamentary leader, from October 2018 to January 2019). She leaded the PvdD into the 2021 Dutch general election in March 2021. Background. Ouwehand studied policy, communication, and organisation at the Free University Amsterdam, but did not complete her studies. She started working as a marketeer for youth magazines at Sanoma Uitgevers. After the establishment of the Party for the Animals in 2002, she worked at the party office until 2006. Esther Ouwehand was born and grew up in the coastal town of Katwijk, a conservative Protestant environment, but considers herself nonreligious. She is married with no children, is a vegan and lives in the neighbouring city of Leiden.
was a Japanese women's football team which played in Nadeshiko League. It founded the league back in 1989. The club was disbanded in 1999.
is a women's football club playing in Japan's football league, WE League. Its hometown is Sendai. Stadium. Their home stadium is Yurtec Stadium Sendai, in Izumi-ku, Sendai, although a few home games have also been played at nearby Miyagi Stadium. Sendai Stadium ranks among the top stadiums in Japan for its presence, comfort, and accessibility. It was once ranked second in an evaluation by a famous Japanese football media. It was also used by Azzurri as a camp site during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Miyagi Stadium is well associated with the Japan national team, and as host venue of the Argentina national team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
, commonly referred to as Shizenkan, is a graduate school. It offers an MBA Program in Master of Business Administration in Design and Leadership for Societal Innovation. Shizenkan was established in 2017 in Nihonbashi, Tokyo Japan. Shizenkan University, Graduate School of Leadership and Innovation, opened in Tokyo in August 2018. The master's degree is accredited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. Shizenkan has 58 faculty members from equally diverse backgrounds, including business and design schools, the liberal arts, psychology and coaching. There are 14 full-time and 44 visiting professors. The name of the school, Shizenkan (至善館), derives from the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism (四書五経): Shi (至) means ultimate; Zen (善) means goodness, and Kan (館) means school.  Logo. The logo was designed by Go HOSOKAWA. The black square indicates Western rationalism. The black ambiguous shape indicates Asian spirituality. It symbolizes the bridge for these two ways of understanding the world.  History. Shizenkan was founded based on the foundation of ISL (Institute for Strategic Leadership), the “whole-person” leadership educational institution, established in Tokyo, 2001. ISL has an all-inclusive executive leadership training program for corporate executives. Campus features. Programs. Shizenkan University offers a part-time two-year MBA program, with classes taking place twice per week on evenings and weekends.  Enrollment. The first intake was 80 students. Half the students will complete the program in English, and the other half basically in Japanese. Most courses are offered in both languages.
The Dempster Highway is a north-south highway in northern Yukon Territory and northwestern Northwest Territories, Canada. It is one of two highways in North America (the other being the Dalton Highway in Alaska) that travels north of the Arctic Circle. Almost the entire length of the route is dirt or gravel road. Terminus. The southern terminus of the Dempster Highway is in Dawson, Yukon Territory. The northern terminus is in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. The route also crosses between time zones at the provincial line.
"For another species commonly known as the masked tree frog, see Smilisca phaeota." The masked tree frog ("Smilisca manisorum") is a frog that lives in Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras and Nicaragua. It lives in forests near the ocean. Scientists have seen it as high as 540 meters above sea level.
Mongba Hanba () or Mongpa Hanpa () is a forest god in Meitei mythology and religion. He is mainly worshipped in a sacred forest named "Mongba Hanba Umang" in the banks of the Imphal River in Manipur. History. On Saturday, the 16th day of the Meitei lunar month of "Inga" of 1651 Saka Year (1729 AD), a stone was brought from a marketplace in Langmaiching to Mongba Hanba's place. That stone was to make a statue of Hindu God Hanuman. Nine Umang Lais were brought and gathered at the Mongba Hanba's place. All these were buried in the place during the reign of King Garib Niwaj Pamheiba. So, the cult of God Mongba Hanba was replaced by that of Hindu god Hanuman during the reign of King Garib Niwaj Pamheiba. On 6th June 1979, an association was formed for saving Mongba Hanba Umang. It struggled for controlling the Laipham (English: Sacred place) for worshipping the traditional deity. There have been repeated attempts to revive the pantheon of the deity. However, there is still opposition from the religious body of the Mahabali Temple of Hindu God Hanuman. During May 2015, an organization named "Mongba Hanba Umang Laipham Kanba Lup" appealed not to stop them from constructing a place of worship for God Mongba Hanba. The organization claimed that it had not stopped devotees of God Mahabali (Hanuman) for the last 36 years. The organization expected the same thing from the Hindu bodies not to stop them from establishing a place of worship for God Mongba Hanba in the complex. Worship. According to religious custom, Tampak Maiba was to worship God Mongba Hanba (). The atmosphere of blood sacrifice is said to be associated with the shrine of the deity.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (born 13 June 1954) is a Nigerian-American economist and international development expert.  On 15 February 2021, she was appointed as Director-General of the World Trade Organization. She is the first woman and the first African to hold the office.
John Roundell Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne (24 March 1940 – 12 February 2021), was a British peer, ecological expert, and businessman. He was a member of the House of Lords from 1971 until 2020 as a Conservative. Palmer was President of the Royal Geographical Society from 1997 to 2000. Palmer died on 12 February 2021 in London from cancer at the age of 80.