ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Climbing plants are plants which climb up trees and other tall objects. Many of them are vines or lianas. Their stems twine round trees and branches.  There are various ways of climbing. The climbing habit has evolved many times. In most cases the climbing plants were more diverse (had more species) than their non–climbing sister groups.  It is a key innovation which has been very successful. Over 130 plant families include climbers. Vine species may be more than 40% of species diversity in tropical forests. It has evolved independently in several plant families, using many different climbing methods: Botanists generally divide climbing plants into two broad groups: The climbing fetterbush ("Pieris phillyreifolia") has a strange habit. It is a woody shrub vine which climbs without clinging roots, tendrils, or thorns. Its stem goes into a crack in the bark of fibrous barked trees (such as bald cypress). The stem flattens and grows up the tree "underneath" the host tree's outer bark. The fetterbush then sends out branches that emerge near the top of the tree. Most vines are flowering plants. These may be divided into woody vines or lianas, such as wisteria, kiwifruit, and common ivy, and herbaceous (nonwoody) vines, such as morning glory. One odd group of climbing plants is the fern genus "Lygodium", called "climbing ferns". The stem does not climb, but rather the fronds (leaves) do. The fronds unroll from the tip, and theoretically never stop growing; they can form thickets as they unroll over other plants, rock faces, and fences.
In military tactics, a flanking maneuver (also called a flank attack), is an attack on the sides or rear of an opposing force. If a flanking maneuver succeeds, the opposing force would be surrounded or have to fight from two or more directions. This reduces the ability of the outflanked force to move or defend itself. Unlike an envelopment, which depends on the enemy's defensive position, any obstacles and the terrain, a flanking maneuver uses the enemy's forward movement to create an attackable flank. A psychological advantage may also be present. The confusion and threat from multiple directions can often cause shock and panic. This may cause soldiers to run from the battle. A larger-scaled tactical flanking is called a strategic flanking. This is where the targets of the flanking could be as large as divisions or even entire armies. Strategy. A flanking maneuver works best when an enemy is engaged at their front. Often an opposing force must be maneuvered into a position where a flanking attack would work. An ideal situation is getting them into a position where their front is narrow and the flanks are long. A classic example of a flanking maneuver was by Confederate general Stonewall Jackson against the Union Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a group of building in New York city used for showing performing arts. It is a complex of buildings. The Lincoln Center is located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Henry Timms is the president. The Lincoln Square neighborhood was named for United States President Abraham Lincoln.  History and facilities. A group of civic leaders led by John D. Rockefeller III built Lincoln Center. It was part of the "Lincoln Square Renewal Project" during Robert Moses's program of urban renewal in the 1950s and 1960s. Respected architects were contracted to design the major buildings on the site. Over the next thirty years the area around Lincoln Center became a new cultural hub. Rockefeller was Lincoln Center's first president in 1956. He became its chairman in 1961. Rockefeller is credited with raising more than half of the $184.5 million in private funds needed to build the complex. The center's three buildings, Avery Fisher Hall (formerly Philharmonic Hall), David H. Koch Theater (formerly the New York State Theater) and the Metropolitan Opera House were opened in 1962, 1964 and 1966, respectively. The center may have been named because it was located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood. It is unclear whether the area was named as a tribute to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The name was bestowed on the area in 1906 by the New York City Board of Aldermen. The records give no reason for choosing that name.
François Vincent "Marc" de Beauvau, 1st Prince of Craon (2 April 1676 - 10 March 1754), was a member of the powerful French House of Beauvau. He was a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and known as the Prince of Craon. He also acted at Viceroy of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. He was also the Prince of Beauvau but known better as the Prince of Craon. He and his wife were close friends with the then Duke and Duchess of Lorraine his wife later being the mistress of the duke. He was also made a "Grandee of Spain". Biography. The future Prince of Craon was born in Nancy itself the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine in 1676. His father was a nobleman who held the title of Marquis. His mother was a lady of lower rank. He was a childhood friend of Leopold I of Lorraine the future duke of the smsll state. Marc and the duke were frequently together and the duke later awarded him the title of Marquisate of Craon. He later married Il on the 16 December 1704 at Lunéville, to Anne Marguerite de Ligniville (1686-1772), Countess of the Holy Roman Empire and later lady in waiting the Duchess of Lorraine and future mistress of Leopold I. He was later the governor of Francis I of Lorraine and it was in 1722 that the title of Prince of Beauvau was granted by the then Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor in 1722. Marc had also been instrumental in the marriage plans between Francis I of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Austria. The future Holy Roman Emperor also made him a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He and his wife later had 15 children including the next Prince of Craon. Children. He and his wife had 15 children. two of whom were named after members of the Ducal family of Lorraine.
KFUM Örebro is an YMCA association in the town of Örebro in Sweden. It was established in 1890. In 1990 the club won the Swedish women's juniors national volleyball championship. Between 1996 and 2001 the club won the Swedish national women's volleyball championship during six seasons in a row. The men's floorball team played in the Swedish top division during the 1990s.
Kolbäcks VK is a volleyball club in Kolbäck in Sweden. The club was established in 1948. The club won the Swedish men's national volleyball championship in 1962, 1963 and 1965. In 1969, the club won the Swedish women's national volleyball championship in 1969. The club also won the Swedish men's national junior volleyball championship in 1974. In 1985 and 2003 the club won the Swedish men's junior national volleyball championship.
Samantha Power (born September 21, 1970) is an Irish-born American academic and diplomat. Power was the 19th Administrator to the United States Agency for International Development from April 2021 until January 2025 under the Joe Biden administration. She was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 until 2017 under the Barack Obama administration. Power is listed as the 63rd most powerful woman in the world by "Forbes". Power was born in Dublin, Ireland. She moved to Pittsburgh when she was nine. She graduated from Yale University in 1992. Her book, "A Problem From Hell", which won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize in Nonfiction, examines the role and responses of the United States government in the genocides and ethnic conflicts of the 20th Century. In January 2021, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Power to be the head of the United States Agency for International Development. In April 2021, her nominated was confirmed by the United States Senate with a 68 to 28 vote.
Allegiance is a duty of of faithfulness or loyalty said to be owed, or freely committed, by the people, subjects or citizens to their state or sovereign. Oath of allegiance. The oath of allegiance is an oath of fidelity to the sovereign in the United Kingdom. It must be taken by all persons holding important public office and as a condition of naturalization. By ancient common law, it was required of all persons above the age of 12. It was repeatedly used as a test of loyalty. In England, it was first imposed by statute in the reign of Elizabeth I (1558). The words have, more than once, been altered since. Up to the time of the revolution, the promise was "to be true and faithful to the king and his heirs, and truth and faith to bear of life and limb and terrene honour, and not to know or hear of any ill or damage intended him without defending him therefrom." The Convention Parliament enacted the form that has been in use since that time – "I do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty ..." In the United States and some other republics, the oath is known as the Pledge of Allegiance. Instead of declaring fidelity to a monarch, the pledge is made to the flag, the republic, and to the core values of the country, specifically liberty and justice. The reciting of the pledge in the United States is not compulsory because of the rights guaranteed to the people under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The guarantee of freedom of speech includes the freedom "not" to speak. In Islam. The word used in the Arabic language for allegiance is "bay'at" (Arabic: بيعة), which means "taking hand". The practice is sanctioned in the Quran by Surah 48:10: "Verily, those who give thee their allegiance, they give it but to Allah Himself". The word is used for the oath of allegiance to an emir. It is also used for the initiation ceremony specific to many Sufi orders.
Edward Joseph Perkins (June 8, 1928 – November 7, 2020) was an American diplomat. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Liberia, South Africa, and the United Nations 1992-1993. He was later Director of the US State Department's Diplomatic Corps. Perkins died on November 7, 2020 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. from a stroke at the age of 92.
John Robert Bolton (born November 20, 1948) is an American lawyer and diplomat. He was the 26th United States National Security Advisor from April 9, 2018 through September 10, 2019. He has served in several Republican administrations. Bolton served as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations from August 2005 until December 2006 as a recess appointee by President George W. Bush. John Bolton advocated the second war with Iraq. He resigned in December 2006.  On March 22, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his appointment as National Security Advisor, to take office on April 9, 2018. On September 10, 2019, Bolton turned in his resignation to the Trump administration. A member of the Republican party, his political views have been described as American nationalist, conservative, and neoconservative. Bolton rejects the last term. Bolton has openly thought about the idea of running for president in the 2024 United States presidential election to win the Republican nomination against former President Donald Trump.
Vernon A. Walters (January 3, 1917 – February 10, 2002) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States Army. Walters was born in New York City, New York. He served from 1972 to 1976 as Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, from 1985 to 1989 as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations and from 1989 to 1991 as Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany.
Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick (née Jordan; December 19, 1926 – December 7, 2006) was an American politician. She served as the American ambassador to the United Nations. She served as Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser in his 1980 campaign and later in his Cabinet. Kirkpatrick died of congestive heart failure caused by heart disease in Bethesda, Maryland, aged 79.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP).  The Director of the OMB is a member of the executive office of the president. The main job of the OMB is to help the President in preparing the budget. The OMB also measures the quality of agency programs, policies, and procedures and to see if they comply with the President's policies. List of directors. List of OMB directors.
The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency is the head of the United States federal government's Environmental Protection Agency. It is responsible for enforcing the nation's Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, as well as many other environmental statutes. How are they nominated? The Administrator is nominated by the President of the United States and must be confirmed by a vote of the Senate. The office of Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1970 in legislation that created the Environmental Protection Agency.
Hans Schneider (24 January 1927 - 28 October 2014) was an Austrian-American mathematician, and James Joseph Sylvester Emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was the first president of the International Matrix Group (1987-1990) and it successor, the International Linear Algebra Society (1990 – 1996).  Schneider was a founding editor (1968-1972) and then editor-in-chief of "Linear Algebra and Its Applications (1972 - 2012)". He was also an Advisory Editor of the "Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra".  Personal life. Schneider born in Vienna, Austria. He died of cancer at the age of 87.
Shin Hae-chul (6 May 1968 – 27 October 2014), also known by the nicknames Demon Lord (마왕) and Cult Leader (교주), was an avant-garde South Korean pop music performer. He was known for being a member of the pop group "N.EX.T". Hae-chul died in Seoul, South Korea from a heart attack, aged 46.
The Elephants' Graveyard is a 1976 British drama television play. It was written by Peter McDougall for the BBC's "Play for Today". It stars Billy Connolly and Jon Morrison. It was filmed in Greenock, Scotland. It was released on DVD in 2006. The total running time is 49 minutes. Story. Two strange unemployed men meet in an old house in the woods. They find out that they both are pretending to work. They spend the day together with drinking and deep conversations. Quotes. You get neither chance nor choice. You leave school and straight to work without even thinking about it. Then you get married without even knowing about it. Then spend the rest of your days using both as an excuse for never have done anything with your life.
Thittuvilai is a town panchayat situated 10-11 km north of Nagercoil passing Vadasery, Putheri, Erachakuzham, Navelkad, Eshathimangalam, Thuvarancaud. It is a panoramic village surrounded by mountains in all the three directions except south. The main attraction is Mukkoodal Dam which is the source of drinking water to Nagercoil and its adjacent villages. Until now this village is a standing example of religious harmony, the main population are Muslims but considerable percentage of Christians and Hindus are also living in perfect cooperation with each other. The bus route from Nagercoil is 4, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4T, 318 etc.
Diane de Poitiers (9 January 1500 – 25 April 1566) was the mistress of Henry II of France.
Big Banana Feet is a 1976 comedy documentary movie of Billy Connolly directed by Murray Grigor and David Peat. Story. They followed Billy on his 1975 Irish tour.
Blue Money is a 1985 British criminal comedy TV movie. It stars Tim Curry, Debbe Bishop and Billy Connolly. It was made for London Weekend Television. Story. Larry, a taxi driver, dreams of becoming a star.
The Battle of Crete was a battle fought in World War 2 between the Nazis and British Commonwealth soldiers with Greek support. It was fought from 20 May to 1 June 1941. The battle began in the morning of 20 May when German paratroopers began Operation Mercury. The battle was fought on the Greek island of Crete. On the first day of fighting, the German paratroopers suffered heavy losses due to heavy anti-aircraft warfare and fierce ground fighting, but the British were confident that they would destroy the German invasion. Due to miscommunication and bad decisions, the Germans were able to capture an airfield, allowing them to transport supplies and reinforcements to Crete, and destroy the Allied forces defending the island. This battle was the first time Hitler used paratroopers on a massive scale, and the first big airborne invasion in Military history, and the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the German Enigma code, and the first time German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population. That was common later in the war. Losses were so great, that Hitler decided not to make any more big paratroop assaults.
Romualdas Granauskas (18 May 1939 – 28 October 2014) was a Lithuanian author and dramaturge. He was born in Mažeikiai, Lithuania. Granauskas started publishing his stories in 1954 in his collection "Medžių viršūnės" (eng. "Tops of the Trees") (1969), and in "Duonos valgytojai" (eng. "Bread Eaters") (1975). One of the main creations of Romualdas Granauskas is considered to be the novella "Gyvenimas po klevu" (eng. "Life Under the Maple Tree") (1988), which drew the whole society's attention. Nature, history and mythology are the topics of one of the most mature and sophisticated novellas of R.Granauskas "Jaučio aukojimas" (eng. "Sacrifice of a Bull") (1975). Granauskas died in Vilnius on 28 October 2014, aged 75.
was a Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler. He was also known for the ring name Super Uchuu Power.  Kimura was known for his work in promotions like Dramatic Dream Team, W*ING, Fighting World of Japan Pro Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling, among others. He was also involved in MMA, facing Rickson Gracie at the second event of Vale Tudo Japan and being the founder of the female MMA brands AX and G-Shooto.  Kimura died of pneumonia on October 28, 2014.
Galway Kinnell (February 1, 1927 – October 28, 2014) was an American poet. For his 1982 "Selected Poems", he won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and split the National Book Award for Poetry with Charles Wright. From 1989 to 1993 he was poet laureate for the state of Vermont. He was inspired by the works of Walt Whitman. His best-loved poems are "St. Francis and the Sow" and "After Making Love We Hear Footsteps". He also in favour with civil rights movement against racial segregation and opposed Vietman War. Kinnell died in Sheffield, Vermont from leukemia, aged 87.
Michael Chilufya Sata (6 July 1937 – 28 October 2014) was a Zambian politician. He was the fifth President of Zambia. He served as president from 23 September 2011 until his death on 28 October 2014. Sata died in London, England, aged 77 on 28 October 2014.
Rupiah Bwezani Banda (19 February 1937 – 11 March 2022) was a Zambian politician. Banda was the President of Zambia. He served as president from 2008 to 2011. Banda died of colon cancer on 11 March 2022 in Lusaka, Zambia almost one month after his 85th birthday.
The Armançon is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Yonne river. It flows mostly through the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Eight "communes" have the name of the river in their names: Aisy-sur-Armançon, Argenteuil-sur-Armançon, Brienon-sur-Armançon, Chailly-sur-Armançon, Montigny-sur-Armançon, Pacy-sur-Armançon, Perrigny-sur-Armançon, Saint-Martin-sur-Armançon. Geography. The Armançon river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 28.90 cubic metres per second at Brienon-sur-Armançon in the Yonne department. Course. The source of the Armançon is in the natural region of "Auxois", about to the northwest of the town Meilly-sur-Rouvres, Côte-d'Or department, at an altitude of about . The Armançon flows, in general, to the northwest and passes through the following regions, departments and "communes": Finally, it flows, as a right tributary into the Yonne river at the limits of the "communes " Migennes and Cheny, in the Yonne department, at of altitude. Main tributaries. The main tributaries, with a length greater than 30 km, of the Armançon are (only right tributaries because the left tributaries are very short):
Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (10 September 1720 – 21 May 1793), 2nd Prince of Craon (1754), Marshal of France (1783) was a French scholar, nobleman and general. The son of Marc de Beauvau, he was also brother of the famous "Madame de Boufflers" and through her uncle to the poet Stanislas de Boufflers. Personal and public life. Charles Juste was born at the Hôtel de Craon, Lunéville in the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine. His family were the most powerful in Lorraine after the ruling Duke of Lorraine. His mother, Anne Marguerite de Ligneville, was the mistress of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, husband of Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (niece of Louis XIV). He was the twelfth of twenty children. He married twice; firstly on 3 April 1745 to Marie Charlotte de La Tour d'Auvergne (20 December 1729 – 6 September 1763), daughter of Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne and his last wife Louise Henriette Françoise of Lorraine. The couple had one child who married into the Noailles family. Marie Charlotte died of smallpox aged 33 in 1763. The next year, on 14 March, he married again; this time to Marie Charlotte Sylvie de Rohan, a cousin of the Prince of Soubise. The couple had no children. Marie Charlotte Sylvie outliving her husband till 1807. He entered military service for France and was made a lieutenant of the cavalry on 10 December 1738; colonel of the guard (Lorraine) on 1 May 1740 and distinguished himself under the leadership of the Duke of Belle-Isle at the Siege of Prague in 1742. Created a Brigadier on 16 May 1746 he was later created a Field marshal on 10 May 1748. He was later elevated to Lieutenant General on 28 December 1758. He gained
Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (April 30, 1943 – June 18, 2011) was a Zambian politician. He was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba died on June 18, 2011 from heart failure, aged 68.
Dr Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician. He was the acting President of Zambia. Scott served as Vice President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. He became acting President after the death of Michael Sata on 28 October 2014. He became the first white President of an African country since apartheid South Africa's F. W. de Klerk and the first to be democratically elected (as VP on the ticket). Scott's mother was an English immigrant; his father was a Scottish immigrant.
Klas Inge "Klabbe" Ingesson (20 August 1968 – 29 October 2014) was a Swedish footballer and manager. He spent most of his career as a midfielder. Ingesson represented the Sweden national team on 57 occasions, including the 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 1992 European Championship. He was the manager of IF Elfsborg from 2013 to 2014. On 29 October 2014, Ingesson died of the effects of multiple myeloma, aged 46.
The national flag of Zambia was created in October 1964. Appearance. It is completely covered in green, except with the black, orange, and red stripes at the right-hand corner. It has a golden eagle on top of the multi colored stripes. It has a ratio of 2:3. Symbolism. The flag's colours and emblems all have a meaning. Each of the four colours represents an aspect of Zambia: green is for the natural resources and vegetation; red is for the struggle for freedom; black is for the people and orange is for rhe mineral wealth (primarily copper). The eagle is an African fish eagle, which also appears in the national coat of arms and represents the people's ability to rise above the country's problems.
The national flag of Uruguay was created in July 1830. Appearance. It has a yellow sun on the top-left corner. The flag has nine stripes. Four of them are dark blue and five are white. The original flag had 16 stripes, but it was changed in December 1828. It has a ratio of 2:3.
Noguera (, ) is a comarca (county) in the Province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest comarca and its area represents some 5,56% of Catalonia. Its capital is Balaguer. Municipalities. Populations are for 2001.