ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Impression management is an idea spoken about in the discipline of sociology. It is about the experience in everyday life where people control the way that they appear to others. People do this by selecting certain gestures, speech patterns, feminine or masculine expressions, as well as certain expressions of class and cultural interest. This so that people can give a particular image to others about who they want to be and how they want to be seen. Examples. When gesturing a person might use reserved and minimal movements in a professional setting, whilst they may smile widely and wave about when with friends. A person might also change their speech pattern in a professional setting in order to sound more educated or refined, and may speak more casually or use swear words when in a casual setting.  Males and females also often control how they are perceived in terms of masculinity or femininity. Boys and men might sometimes make their voices sound deeper or speak in short sentences to reflect an old stereotype that males are unfeeling and unconcerned with self-expression. Females on the other hand might feel the need to speak in line with the speech patterns of their peers, and this may include tacking on culturally specific phrases like "or whatever" and "that's hot/cute" to indicate they identify with the female gender and traditional interests. These of course are very simple ideas about what it means to be a man or woman. In contemporary life the border between male and female is sometimes becoming less strict. In Western societies psychologists support that people who show alternative gender expression are still medically normal. People also talk about what kind of music they are interested in, what kind of movies they like to watch, and what kind of places they like to visit in order to give people an idea of where they stand in relation to class and culture. A common distinction in contemporary youth culture is the listening to so called "indie" alternative or independent music as opposed to pop or popular music. Similarly someone might say they like watching highbrow French films or award winning films, as opposed to something more mass culture, like a Disney movie.
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China from 2 November 1900 to 7 September 1901. It was led by the Boxers, a group of Chinese against the huge amount of western influence in China. Foreigners in China. The rebellion happened while many foreign countries (Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia) were scrambling for concessions in the Qing dynasty in the aftermath of the Opium Wars and the First Sino-Japanese War. These countries were Japan, Britain, Germany, and Russia. Boxers. The Boxers were Chinese who were angry about the growing power of foreigners in China. They wanted to fight and drive out all foreigners and even the Chinese who helped the foreigners. The Boxers got many people to help them and drove their fight to Peking (now Beijing). Two expeditions. The interior inner city of Beijing was known as the Tartar city because it was mostly Manchu and half of all Manchus in China lived there. Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made an alliance to invade China and defeat the Boxers in Beijing. That made Empress Dowager Cixi declare war on all of them and send the Gansu Army to help the Boxers. The first foreign expedition to Beijing, the Seymour Expedition, was defeated. The foreign legations in Beijing were surrounded for 55 days before the foreign reinforcements got through in the Gaselee Expedition, which got to the legations in Beijing. The Manchus suffered tremendously as the foreign soldiers went around raping the women and killing the men. The rest of China outside Manchuria and Zhili Province, was not affected since the Han governor generals such as Yuan Shikai, Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong, signed a pact, the Mutual Defense Pact of the Southeastern Provinces, to keep their provinces out of the war and not to help the Qing court. That made the foreigners not attack them. Aftermath. The foreigners were very angry with the Qing and said that China had to pay them even more money and to execute the officials responsible for supporting the Boxers like
Killed in action (KIA) is a military term. It is used to describe a member of the military who was killed during a battle. On Wikipedia articles about battles, leaders who were killed in action have this symbol (†) next to their name.
Phyllobates is a group of frogs with poison in their skin. They live in Central America and South America, from Nicaragua to Colombia. There are three different Colombian species of "Phyllobates". They have strong poison. The most poisonous frog in the world is in "Phyllobates": The golden poison frog ("P. terribilis"). All the frogs in "Phyllobates" have bright colors on their skins. This tells other animals not to eat the frog, even though some of them do not have poison. Native South Americans use "Phyllobates" frogs to put poison on the tools they use to hunt animals for food. The frogs' poison is made of alkaloids molecules, and the frogs make them in glands in their skins. The strongest poison is batrachotoxin. Name. "Phyllobates" is Ancient Greek for "leaf climber." Groups. Scientists used to say that "Phyllobates" had many more frogs, but they moved some of them to "Ranitomeya". However, it now just contains those six members within the "Phyllobates bicolor "species group. These are: Every species in "Phyllobates" can be different colors. Frogs can be in the same species and look different. These are called color morphs. For example, "P. terribilis" frogs come in color morphs called "mint," "yellow," or "orange." "P. vittatus", another example, always has black skin, but its stripes can be yellow, orange, or red, wide or narrow. Its legs can be blue or green. The bicolor dart frog ("Phyllobates bicolor") can be yellow to orange, from black legs to green legs. "P. aurotaenia" can be yellow-banded or orange. They are always smaller than "P. vittatus", so people tell them apart by which frog is bigger instead of by color. Poison. Scientists have only found the batrachotoxin poison in wild frogs. Frogs that live with humans stop making poison. Scientists think the frogs need to eat wild foods to make the poison. Some beetles in Papua New Guinea also have batrachotoxin poison.
José María "Chema" Antón Samper (born 19 March 1989 in Casas del Señor, Valencian Community, Spain) is a Spanish footballer. Career. Antón came to Real Madrid's youth system in 2003, when he was 14 years old. In 2007, he made his professional debut playing with Real Madrid B in the Segunda División B (3rd level of Spain's league system). Without playing in the team, he sat on the bench in Bernd Schuster's last match as coach of Real Madrid and the first of Juande Ramos. He also played 8 international matches for Spain's Under-19 team in the U19 European Cup. In 2010 he signed with Real Betis Sevilla playing one season in the second team in the Segunda División B. In 2011 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
Leonardo Vitor Santiago (born 9 March 1983) is a Brazilian footballer. He plays as a striker for FC Red Bull Salzburg on loan from NAC Breda. He is known as Leonardo. Career. He started at the Nova Safra football school in Rio de Janeiro. His talent was discovered when he was 11 years old and he went to Europe and played in Feyenoord Rotterdams youth squads at Varkenoord He made his debut on August 19, 2000 in a 2–0 victory over AZ Almaar at the age of 17. This was a problem for Feyenoord and Leonardo because a non EU player is not allowed to play under 18 years. So he had to wait until he was 18. He scored his first goal for the first team versus SC Heerenveen. In his first two seasons at Feyenoord he played 44 matches and scored four goals, but mainly he gave assists for his team mates to score. He was part of the Feyenoord team that won the 2001–02 UEFA Cup. After this he suffered sever injuries, so he had only 11 matches in three seasons. After problems with the coaches he decided to left Feyenoord. 2006 he joined NAC Breda. After arguments with the coach he left Breda, after nine goals in 14 matches, to go to Ajax Amsterdam. 2009 he went back to Breda. 2011 he was transferred to Red Bull Salzburg on loan.
Mythological Characters. Some of the known characters of Greek Mythology have made an appearance in this series: Names. Percy is one of the few demigods whose last name does not reflect his godly parent, though his first name does. Many of the campers at Camp Half-Blood have last names that consist of a traditional role or trait of their parent. Other last names are often commonplace: Rodriguez, Nakamura.
Valeria Lvovna Kudryavtseva (born on 19 May 1961) is a Russian television presenter, actress, singer and dancer. Personal life. Valeria was married to musician Sergei Linyuk since 1990 until 1992. They has one child, son Zhan Linyuk (b.1990). She was married to Matvei Morozov since 2004 until 2007. She in relationship with musician Sergei Lazarev since 2008. She was pregnant from Sergei, but she had a miscarriage in July 2011.
Brenda Turnbaugh and Wendi Turnbaugh (born August 13, 1977 in Los Angeles, California) are former American actresses. They are identical twins. During the 1970s, they both played the character, Grace Ingalls on the television series "Little House on the Prairie".
Michelle Steffin and Jennifer Steffin were born on March 23, 1981 in West Covina, California. They are twins. When they were children, they were actresses. On the television series "Little House on the Prairie" they both played Rose Wilder. It happened in the early 1980s. May 1985 Jennifer steffin played little girl at the stable on Highway to Heaven.  Michelle played on an episode of Aifwolfe.  Two sets of twins played Rose on Little House on the Prairie. Sarah Coleman and Jennifer Coleman (Jennifer Donati) played Baby Rose in 17 episodes during Seasons 8 and 9. Michelle Steffin and Jennifer Steffin (Jennifer Uden) played Rose in three post-season movies.
Aemilianus or Aemilian (–253) was Roman emperor for eighty-eight days in 253 AD. Early life. Aemilianus was born around 207 or around 214. The "Epitome de Caesaribus" (a Latin history) and Zonaras (a Greek historian) say that Aemilianus was born at this time and at Djerba, an island in the Mediterranean Sea near Africa, part of the Roman Empire. Aemilianus was not from the nobility, and may have been from among the Moorish people. Aemilianus was a senator and was a Roman consul, either in 252 or 253. He was also governor () for the Roman province of Moesia Superior. Emperor. The Roman army made Aemilianus emperor in Moesia in July or August 253. The Roman Senate agreed that Aemilianus was emperor after the emperor Trebonianus Gallus died in August 253. After defeating the Goths (a barbarian tribe) in modern-day Bulgaria, his soldiers proclaimed him as an emperor instead of Trebonianus Gallus, the emperor at the time. After defeating Gallus in battle at Interamna (Northern Italy), he captured the capital city of the empire, Rome. When the governor of Roman Germany, Valerianus, arrived in Italy bringing troops to help Trebonianus Gallus, Aemilianus's own troops killed Aemilianus. They did not want a civil war and Valerian had a bigger army than Aemilianus. Death. Soldiers in Aemilianus's army killed Aemilianus at Spoletum in the Italian Peninsula (Spoleto, Italy). Family. Aemilianus's wife was Cornelia Supera. She became "augusta" (empress) in around August 253. Cornelia Supera may have died in September or October 253, at which time the soldiers killed Aemilianus.
Afghanistan at the Olympics is a history which includes 16 games in 14 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1936, Afghanistan has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement". The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Afghanistan is AFG. History. The Afghanistan National Olympic Committee was formed in 1935. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1936. Afghanistan's team first competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.  In 1999, Afghanistan was banned from the Olympics due to its discrimination against women under Taliban rule.  In the 2004 Summer Olympics two women, Robina Muqim Yaar and Friba Razayee, were the first women to compete for Afghanistan at the Olympics. Mehboba Ahdyar, a woman in the 2008 Summer Olympics had death threats because of her plan to be in the Games.
A hypodermic needle is a hollow steel tube that is sharpened into a needle so it can be jabbed (inserted) into somebody's body. After it is in, medicine is pushed through the steel needle. The name "hypodermic" comes from two Greek words meaning "below skin". History. The Greeks made early use of injection.
Operant conditioning is a form of learning. In it, an individual changes its behaviour because of the consequences (results) of the behaviour.  The person or animal learns its behaviour has a consequence. That consequence may be There are four different contexts in operant conditioning. Here, the terms 'positive' and 'negative' are not used in their basic sense; "positive" means that something is added, and negative means something is taken away: The idea of operant conditioning was first discovered by Edward Thorndike, and analyzed by B.F. Skinner.  Operant conditioning is different from Pavlov's classical conditioning. Operant conditioning deals with the voluntary modification of behaviour; classical conditioning with training a reflex. Thorndike's law of effect. Operant conditioning, sometimes called "instrumental learning", was first studied by Edward L. Thorndike (1874–1949). He observed the behavior of cats trying to escape from home-made puzzle boxes. When first put in the boxes, cats took a long time to escape. With experience, successful responses occurred more frequently, enabling the cats to escape in less time. In his law of effect, Thorndike theorized that behaviours followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated, and those that produce unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. In short, some consequences "strengthened" behavior and some consequences "weakened" behavior. Thorndike produced the first known learning curves by this procedure.  B.F. Skinner (1904–1990) worked out a more detailed analysis of operant conditioning. Skinner invented the "operant conditioning chamber" which let him measure rate of response as a key dependent variable. He used a record of lever presses or key pecks. Principles of operant conditioning:
Atrax is a genus of spiders. They have very strong venom. These spiders aggressively defend their territory and chase off attackers who may scare them by making a threat display. Next they will bite. The fastest death occurred in 1927 when a young boy died within fifteen minutes of being bitten. Thirteen deaths were recorded in the fifty years before antivenom was invented for this spider's bite. In English they are sometimes called Sydney Funnel Web spiders because they come from around that part of Australia. Under the heading "spiders" (Aranae) there are three main groups. One is so very old that only a few species still live on earth. Another is the group that includes the spiders that can be seen making webs or chasing prey almost everywhere in the world. The third group includes the tarantulas and a few other kinds of spiders. The Atrax spiders belong to this third group. There are also species called "funnel-web spiders" that belong to the second group mentioned above. So they are not close relatives of Atrax, and they are not dangerous. They just have a similar way of making a funnel-shaped web that leads down to some kind of shelter where the spider hides in wait for some insect to eat. Atrax is a very large and very aggressive spider, and these other spiders are from small to medium size and are extremely timid.
Bahrain has been in 6 Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.  Bahrain won their first Olympic medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Maryam Yusuf Jamal won a bronze in the women's 1500m run. Rashid Ramzi won the gold medal in the men's 1,500 meters. Because he used drugs, the IOC took the medal away.
Bangladesh has been in seven Summer Olympic Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. No Bangladeshi competitor has qualified for the Olympics; the country sends representatives to the Games thanks to the wildcard process. Bangladesh is the most populous country in the world to have never won an Olympic medal. They have had 27 participants in 3 sports. Bangladesh Olympic Association head Wali Ullah says that Bangledesh's weak economy is the reason for its poor results in sports.
A threat display is anything that an animal does to scare away other animals. A dog will bare its teeth and growl. A cat will hiss. A snake will coil up, raise its head, and move back and forth to point itself at any big animal that approaches it.  Many animals have threat displays that make them look bigger. A lion's mane will stand up, making it look much larger and more powerful. Humans may raise both hands, spread wide, above their heads. Bears will stand on their hind legs, raise their front legs, and show their teeth while growling. Some notable animals have no threat display, but do have a defence all the same. A male horse has a terrific kick backwards, no doubt developed as a defence against predators. People who ride horses have to be told not to walk close behind a male horse, even if they have ridden it before.
Bhutan has been in the Summer Olympic Games since 1984. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. Prior to 2012, Bhutan only competed in Archery, which is the national sport of Bhutan. They have never won an Olympic Medal.  The Bhutan Olympic Committee was formed in 1983 and recognized by the IOC the same year.
Brunei, as "Brunei Darussalam", was first at the Olympic Games in 1988, with a single official but no athletes. The nation was in the Summer Olympic Games in 1996, 2000 and 2004. Each time it was represented by a single athlete. Brunei has never been in the Winter Olympic Games. They have never won an Olympic medal. As of 2010 Brunei, along with Saudi Arabia and Qatar, was one of only three countries to have never sent a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 announced it would "press" these countries to allow women's participation. The National Olympic Committee for Brunei was formed in 1984 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.
Cambodia at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 8 countries and 40+ athletes. Since 1983, athletes of Cambodia have been part of the "Olympic Movement". The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Cambodia is CAM. In 1964, it was CAB. History. The National Olympic Committee of Cambodia was formed in 1983 and recognized by the IOC in 1994. No competitor from Cambodia has won an Olympic Medal.
An antivenom is a medicine used to protect against a specific venom. (A venom is a poison released by a snake or insect.) Frequently the venom of some creature such as a cobra will be harvested and a little will be injected using a hypodermic needle into a horse every day for a long time. The horse's body will develop an immunity to the venom, so more and more venom from the snake can be injected every day. After the horse is immune, its blood can be drawn little by little to get the part of the blood that makes the horse immune. That part can then be injected into humans who have been bitten by cobras. There are antivenoms for the very large and very dangerous funnel-web spiders found in Australia, and for the widow spiders (such as the black widow) found all around the world.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) was first at the 1952 Summer Olympics. That year, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) let both the PRC and the Republic of China (which recently moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War) compete. The Republic of China withdrew in protest. Because of the political status of China, the PRC was not in the Olympics again until 1980. The Chinese Olympic Committee was formed in 1910 and recognized in 1979. Before the Chinese Civil War, athletes competed as the Republic of China (ROC) at the Olympics. In 1979, the International Olympic Committee passed a resolution for the ROC team to be called "Chinese Taipei", and this opened the door for the PRC to finally join the Olympic movement. Hong Kong has had a distinct National Olympic Committee since 1950 and has been at the Games since 1952. After the territory returned to the PRC this has continued, with Hong Kong separate from the rest of the nation under the name "Hong Kong, China". The People's Republic of China hosted the Games one time: the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Milestones. Summer Games. As of 2012, China has a total of 473 medals in the Summer Games. Winter Games. As of 2012, China has a total of 44 medals in the Winter Games.
Hong Kong at the Olympics is a history which began in 1952. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Hong Kong was HOK. It is now HKG. History. Hong Kong was first at the Olympic Games in 1952, then as a British colony. Hong Kong has been at every Summer Olympic Games since then except for the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics. They have also been in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002. The National Olympic Committee (NOC) for Hong Kong was formed in 1950 as the "Amateur Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong", and is now known as the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China. After the sovereignty of Hong Kong was passed to the People's Republic of China in 1997, the NOC has been named Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong is separate at the Olympics by its own choice. In 2008, Hong Kong was the site of the equestrian venues for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Medalists. Competitors from Hong Kong have won Olympic gold medals three times:
India at the Olympics is a history which includes 32 games in 19 countries and 800+ athletes. Since 1900, India has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement". The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for India is IND. History. The Indian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1927. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1927. India's team first competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. For a period of time, India's men's field hockey team was strong in Olympic competition. The team won eleven medals in twelve Olympiads between 1928 and 1980. In the 2012 Summer Olympics at London, India won two silver medals and four bronze medals.
Indonesia first competed in the Olympic Games in 1952. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Indonesia is INA. History. Indonesia was first at the Olympic Games in 1952. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1964 and 1980. Indonesia has been in the Youth Olympic Games but not Winter Olympic Games. The National Olympic Committee for Indonesia was formed in 1946 and recognized in 1952.
Iran was first at the Olympic Games in 1948. They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1980 and 1984. Iran has also been in some Winter Olympic Games since 1956. The National Olympic Committee for Iran is the "National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran". It was formed in 1947.