ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Participant observation is a way of getting information about a group of people. A person doing participant observation will live with a group of people in their normal environment. They do this so they can learn about that groups way of life. One of the uses of participant observation is to understand the world from the point of view of a person from that group. This is done by watching the things they do every day. The product of participant observation is normally a piece of writing about what the researcher has seen. It is called ethnography. Participant observers can live with the group for months or many years. The longer the researcher is with the group, the better the information they learn will be. In the first half of the 20th century, anthropologists Bronislaw Malinowski, Margaret Mead and Edward Evans-Prichard started using participant observation. It is now the main way research is done by cultural anthropologists. Covert participation observation. In Covert participation observation, the researcher lives with a group but does not tell the group that they are studying them. The research is done in secret. This method is good because the people will not act differently than they normally do if they do not known they are being studied. One problem with covert participation observation is that it can be unethical. The subject cannot give the researcher their consent because they do not know they are being studied.  Overt participation observation. In overt participation observation, the researcher tells the group of people that they are being studied. A problem with this method is that people may change the way they act if they know they are being studied. Overt Participation Observation does not have the ethical problems of covert observation and lets the researcher watch the people lying about what they are doing.
Ethnocentrism is when a person tries to judge the culture of other people from the point of view of their own culture. Ethnocentrism can look at things like language, custom, religion and behavior. An ethnocentric person will use their own culture as the basis for judging other cultures. They see their own culture as the best and believe other cultures should change to be more like theirs. The term was first used by sociologist William G Sumner. He defined it as “the technical name for the view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it”. (PS this is more exclusive word for "racist") Ethnocentrism and anthropology. All people tend to use the values of the culture we were born in. One of the main goals of anthropology is to not use ethnocentric ideas. Anthropologists try to see other cultures from the point of view of a person from that culture . This is also known as "cultural relativism". It is the idea that goes against the idea that some things are always the same in every human culture (human universals). Cultural relativism says that all human action is relative to the culture where the action happens. Anthropologists know that they have to not use the standards of their own culture if they want to understand another society correctly. References. Sumner, W.G. Folkways: a study of the sociological importance of usages,manners, customs, mores, and morals (Boston: Ginn and Co., 1906)
Matrilineality is a way of identifying kinship ancestry through the mother or female line. A matriline is essentially a mother's line, which traces the descent from a female ancestor to an individual. Patrilineality is a way of identifying ancestry through the father or male line. A patriline is essentially a father's line, which traces the descent from a male ancestor to an individual.  The use of these systems often involves inheritance of names and of possessions and a way of identifying kin. The system of patrilineal descent is usually more common than matrilineal descent.
Roddy Doyle (born 8 May 1958) is an Irish novelist, dramatist and screenwriter. He was born in Dalkey and grew up in Killbarack. He writes about working class Dublin. Some of his books have been made into movies, the best-known of which is "The Commitments", which is the first of The Barrytown Trilogy. He, Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais adapted the book into a movie, "The Commitments"; the three men won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.  Doyle is an atheist.
Podarcis muralis (also known as the common wall lizard, the European wall lizard, and the wall lizard) is a fairly common species of lizard, living in Europe, on rocks or wall cracks. Its small scales have very differenct colours and patterns. Its coloration is generally brownish or greyish. Sometimes it has a little bit of green. The tail is brown, grey or rust in colour. The belly has 6 rows of larger rectangular scales that are generally reddish, pink, or orangish. Common wall lizards may also have dark markings on the throat.
Neurosis is a term used in Freudian psychology. According to the American Heritage Medical Dictionary of 2007, the term is "no longer used in psychiatric diagnosis". The disorders once classified as neuroses are now considered anxiety disorders. However, these changes are still controversial. Neurosis may involve: "...anxiety, sadness or depression, anger, irritability, mental confusion, low sense of self-worth, etc., behavioral symptoms such as phobic avoidance, vigilance, impulsive and compulsive acts, lethargy, etc., cognitive problems such as unpleasant or disturbing thoughts, repetition of thoughts and obsession, habitual fantasizing, negativity and cynicism, etc. Interpersonally, neurosis involves dependency, aggressiveness, perfectionism, schizoid isolation, socio-culturally inappropriate behaviors, etc". Neurosis has also been defined simply as a "poor ability to adapt to one's environment, an inability to change one's life patterns, and the inability to develop a richer, more complex, more satisfying personality."
Clematis armandii (also called Armand Clematis or Evergreen Clematis) is a flowering vine of the genus "Clematis".  "C. armandii" has good smelling 2.5-inch white flowers in spring. Its dark green leaves droop and it serves well as a screen. Its leaf tips may burn badly if grown in salty soil or water. It is native to China.
Adam Stephen Clayton (born 14 January 1989) is an English professional athlete. He is best known as an Association football player. He played for the English National Team. Honours. Carlisle United Middlesbrough Individual
In medicine, distress is a situation when a person is unable to completely adapt to stress. As a result, the person shows a set of behaviours which are not adapted to the situation. Very often, the person is aware of the situation, and feels bad about not being able to fully adapt.  People often find ways of dealing with distress, in both negative and positive ways. Examples of positive ways are listening to music, calming exercises, sports and similar healthy distractions. Negative ways can include but are not limited to use of drugs including alcohol, and expression of anger, which are likely to lead to complicated social interactions, thus causing increased distress.
The Académie internationale Mohammed VI de l'aviation civile (AIMAC, in English International Academy Mohammed VI of Civil Aviation) is a public aviation university created in 2000 by the King Mohammed VI of Morocco for aerospace education in this country, like Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel training. International partners. The French Civil Aviation University (ENAC) of Toulouse is close to the university by a partnership agreement, in particularly for air navigation courses. In December 2011, the academy has launched with this "grande école" and the "École des Ponts ParisTech" an aviation MBA at Casablanca. The Federal Aviation Administration is also a partner of AIMAC, in particular for the launch of common e-learning courses.
The Call of the Wild is a story about a dog. The book was written by Jack London. It was first published in 1903 as a serial in "The Saturday Evening Post". It was published in book form by Macmillan the same year. The story is London's most popular work and is considered one of his greatest works.  The story is about a pet dog named Buck. The dog is stolen from his California home. He is sold as a sled dog during the Klondike Gold Rush. Men, other animals, and nature itself treats Buck with cruelty. He survives by adapting to the ways of his wolf ancestors. At the end of the book, he breaks from all human contact and returns to the wild.  Today, the book is often viewed as a children's story because it is about a dog. However, the book's themes of survival of the fittest, fate versus free will, and civilization versus nature have interest for all ages. The story has been made into movies and television shows. Most have failed to focus on Buck's story. Instead, the focus is on the human characters.
Beautiful Joe is a story about a mongrel dog named Joe. It was written by Margaret Marshall Saunders under the name Marshall Saunders, and published in 1893. It won a Humane Society competition. The book was a bestseller and directed public interest to animal cruelty. Joe was a real dog, brutally abused by his owner. He was rescued and his story told as an autobiography. Saunders wrote a sequel called "Beautiful Joe's Paradise". In 1934, Saunders was given Canada's highest civilian award at the time, Commander of the British Empire or C.B.E. In 1963, the official Beautiful Joe Park was named in Meaford, Ontario, next to the house where Beautiful Joe was rehabilitated. A Beautiful Joe Heritage Society was formed in 1994 to preserve Joe's legacy and establish a museum.
Lassie Come-Home is a story about a dog and a boy. It was written by Eric Knight. It was first published as a short story in "The Saturday Evening Post" on December 17, 1938. The story was well liked. It was made into a book. The book was published by The John C. Winston Company in 1940. The story is about a collie named Lassie who travels hundreds of miles to get to the boy she loves.  In 1943, MGM made the story into a movie called "Lassie Come Home". It starred Roddy McDowall and the dog actor Pal. The Lassie character became very famous. She was the main character in other movies during the 1940s. In the middle 1950s, she became the main character in the television series "Lassie".
Lassie is a dramatic children's television series. It was televised on CBS from September 12, 1954 to March 24, 1973. The series is about the adventures of a collie and her human and animal friends. The show was the brainchild of television producer Robert Maxwell and animal trainer Rudd Weatherwax. They created a story about a struggling midwestern farm family and its dog. Weatherwax's dog actor Pal was chosen to play the title character. Pal had played Lassie in the seven MGM movies about the dog character. Pal made the two pilots for the television series, and then retired. The television Lassies that followed were all descendants of Pal, all were male, and all were trained by Weatherwax. In 1957, oil millionaire Jack Wrather took over the show as producer. He guided it through its greatest years with his wife Bonita Granville Wrather. The first ten years of the series are set on a farm in the American midwest. These years focus on the relationship between Lassie and a young farm boy. The next seven years are about the dog and her Forest Ranger friends. In the last two years, Lassie lives at a home for troubled children. The show was famous for its "Whistle Theme" by Muzzy Marcellino. The Campbell's Soup Company sponsored the show's entire 19-year run. Spin-off merchandise was produced for children such as comic books, play sets, and clothing. The show won two Emmy Awards in its early years. The show had a large cast over the years. Tommy Rettig played the farm boy for the first three years. Jon Provost became the farm boy in 1957 when Rettig left the show. Jan Clayton played Rettig's mother and June Lockhart played Provost's. Hugh Reilly played Provost's father. Both actresses were nominated for Emmys. The show had its best ratings during the Provost years of the early 1960s. Some episodes from these years were put together to make a color adventure movie for theatres. Provost left the show in 1964. A new story was developed that took L
is a Japanese writer. She is from Kōchi Prefecture. She is known for . Library War won the Seiun Award in 2008. She is good at writing science fiction and love stories.
Exile is to be away from one's home and not allowed to return. Exile, exiled, or exiles may also refer to:
Mina Salman is a seaport in Manama, Bahrain. Mina Salman was a natural harbour before the establishment in 1962. It covers 80 hectares. It is the primary cargo port and customs point of Bahrain. The port has 15 container berths. This lets it handle 2.5 million tonnes a year. The port is named after Salman ibn Isa al-Khalifa, the grandfather of the current King.
Ann Curry (born November 19, 1956) is an American television journalist and personality. She co-hosted the "Today Show" on NBC from 1997 until 2012. She also anchored "Dateline NBC" from 2005 to 2011.  Curry was born on the island of Guam. Her father is American and her mother is Japanese. They met while her father was serving in the United States Navy during the US occupation of Japan after World War II.
The Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake ("Crotalus Aquilus") also known as the "Vibora de cascabel", is a species of venomous Pit viper found usually on highlands of central Mexico. The scientific name "Aquilus" is a Latin word meaning "eagle", referring to the highlands on which it lives on. They are not a very well known species of rattlesnake, but the people in Mexico know much about them. Description. Adult Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnakes are around 50 centimeters (20 in) in length, but some can be as long as 67.8 centimeters (26.7 in). They are usually green, yellow, dark gray, or dark brown in color, with dark brown or black blotches on them. Where they live. They live mainly on highlands of central Mexico, but they also live in pine-oak forests, grasslands and grassy hills and mountains. The states of Mexico of which they live in are Querétaro,Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán and San Luis Potosí. Feeding. The Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake eats mainly lizards, but they also eat frogs and many different types of rodents. Young ones also eat insects. Venom. This rattlesnake is a type of venomous Pit viper, and one bite of it can harm a human. The poison of the Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake is hemotoxic, meaning the poison affects the blood of a humans body. However the Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake does not bite many people because it likes to be left alone; it will only bite a person if the person attacks it or annoys it.
The or is one of the two professional baseball leagues constituting Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) in Japan. There are six teams in the league. History. In 1949, The league was founded as the "Taiheiyo" Baseball Union. There were seven teams. In 1980, the name was changed to Pacific League. After the 2004 season, the Orix BlueWave and the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes merged to form the Orix Buffaloes. At the same time, the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles were added to the league. Championships. League champion. The team which wins the most games in each year is the league champion or " winner". Since 2004, there has been a three-team playoff system called the " series". The teams with the 2nd- and 3rd-best records play in the 3-game first stage. The winner plays in a 5-game final series against the top-ranked team. Japan Series. Each year, the winner of the league championship competes against the Central League champion in the or .
Thomas William "Tom" Hiddleston (born 9 February 1981) is an English actor. His most famous roles include " (2017), Jonathan Pine in 'The Night Manager' (2016), Loki in 'Thor' (2011), Scott Fitzgerald, Midnight in Paris (2011), 'The Avengers (2012), and " (2013). He also stars in " (2017) as Captain James Conrad.  Early life. Thomas William Hiddleston was born in Westminster, London, to English-born Diana Patricia and Scottish-born James Norman Hiddleston. His mother is a former stage manager, and his father, a scientist, was the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. He started off at the preparatory school, The Dragon School in Oxford, and by the time he was 13, he boarded at Eton College, at the same time that his parents were going through a divorce. He continued on to the University of Cambridge, where he earned a double first in Classics. He continued to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 2005. Career. Whilst at University of Cambridge, he was seen by the agency 'Hamilton Hodell' in the play "A Streetcar Named Desire" and was signed. Following this, he was cast in his first television role in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (2001). Tom Hiddleston won his first film role as Oakley in Joanna Hogg's award-winning first feature, Unrelated (2007). His breakthrough role came when he portrayed the nemesis Loki in the Marvel Cinematic Universe feature film Thor (2011). He reprised the character in The Avengers (2012), (2013), (2017) and (2018). He has also appeared in Steven Spielberg's War Horse (2011), The Deep Blue Sea (2011), Woody Allen's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011), and the romantic vampire film Only Lovers Left Alive (2013). On television, he appeared on the BBC series The Hollow Crown (2012), in the adaptations of Shakespeare's "Henry IV" and "Henry V". In theatre, he has
Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor. His most famous roles include Sherlock Holmes in "Sherlock" (2010–2017), Peter Guillam in the spy thriller "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy" (2011), Stephen Hawking in "Hawking" (2004), William Pitt in "Amazing Grace" (2006), and his Academy Award-nominated role as Alan Turing in "The Imitation Game". He was nominated for another Academy Award for his role as Phil Burbank in "The Power of the Dog" in 2022. He also played Stephen Ezard in "The Last Enemy" (2008), Paul Marshall in "Atonement" (2007), Bernard in "Small Island" (2009), as Khan in "Star Trek Into Darkness",  He voiced the character Smaug, and the Necromancer in "The Hobbit" (2012). Cumberbatch played Julian Assange in the 2013 movie "The Fifth Estate," however his most known role is for his role as Doctor Strange, one of the the Avengers from the Marvel Cinematic Universe. He ranked #1 in Empire Magazine's "100 Sexiest Movie Stars" in 2013. He was named one of the most influential people in the world by TIME magazine in 2014. Career. In 2000 Cumberbatch acted on TV for the first time in an episode of "Heartbeat", and was on the show again in 2004. He began acting in theatre in 2001. He played Ford in "12 Years a Slave". In 2013 Cumberbatch was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television at the Golden Globes.  Personal life. Benedict Cumberbatch was born to a family that was already wealthy. His parents were both actors, and his ancestor Abraham Cumberbatch started a sugar plantation in the British colony of Barbados which was worked by slaves. As an adult, he dated actress Olivia Poulet. On 5 November 2014, Cumberbatch announced his engagement to Sophie Hunter. On 14 February 2015, Cumberbatch married Hunter. They have three sons, Christopher Carlton (born 1 June 2015), Hal Auden (born 3 March 2017) and Finn (born 11 January 2019).
, also known as Wang Chenchih (), is a Japanese-Chinese professional athlete. He is best known as a baseball player and manager. Early life. Oh was born in Tokyo. He is the son of a Chinese father and a Japanese mother. Although Oh has always lived in Japan, he has never allowed a loss of his Chinese citizenship. Career. Oh played for the Yomiuri Giants. In 1977, he set the world record for home runs. Oh retired from playing in 1980. From 1984 to 1988, he was the Giants' manager. He managed the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks from 1995 to 2008. In 2006, he was the manager of the Japanese national team in the World Baseball Classic.
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name that is generally given by people. A common name is not the organism's scientific name. Common names are used by people to describe something. Some common names are not always used by some people. A common name are also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, trivial name, trivial epithet, country name, popular name, or farmer's name. Sometimes common names are created by authorities. They do this so the general public would not have to remember or pronounce the Latin name of an animal.  In chemistry. Chemical compounds can also have common names. The systematic name of a chemical is usually defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, but these names are often long and complicated. Some chemicals have names known and used outside of chemistry, and some names are older than the concept of systematic names. These names are called traditional or common names. IUPAC assigns chemicals "preferred IUPAC names", which may be systematic or common names: IUPAC gives acetic acid, benzene, and pyridine as examples of "retained" traditional names.
Mark Catesby (24 March 1682/83 - 23 December 1749) was an English naturalist. Between 1729 and 1747 Catesby published his book "Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands". The book was the first publication to describe flora and fauna of North America. The book described 220 birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, mammals and plants. Catesby studied natural history in London. Catesby collected seeds in Virginia from 1714 to 1719. Books. Myers, Amy R. W. &amp; Pritchard, M. B. (1998) "Empire's nature. Mark Catesby's New World vision," Chapel Hill &amp; London: University of North Carolina Press
Santa Cruz, California is a city north of Monterey Bay. Santa Cruz is about 60 miles (100 km) south of San Francisco. Santa Cruz was first settled by Ohlone Indians, Native American hunter-gatherers. Santa Cruz was colonized in the mid-1700s by the Spanish. They created a mission, (Mission Santa Cruz). The Spanish forced the Ohlones in the mission. Their populations began to decline because of diseases and overworking. Americans first arrived in Santa Cruz in the 19th century. They were immigrants from Italy, China and Portugal. Around the same time, forestry and commercial fishing were the first industries. There were also dairy farming and leather production. Santa Cruz is most famous for their university. The University of California, Santa Cruz was built in the 1960s. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake had a major effect in Santa Cruz. It killed five people. The industries that are present in Santa Cruz are agriculture, tourism, education and high technology. The climate in Santa Cruz is Mediterranean. This means that they have mild summers because of fog. Winters are usually rainy; however, the city has dealt with many droughts.
Cope's gray treefrog, Cope's chameleon tree frog, the western common tree frog, southern gray tree frog, or central Texas tree frog ("Dryophytes chrysoselis") is a species of tree frogs. They live in the United States. Scientists think Cope's grey tree frog evolved after the last major ice age. Cope's grey tree frog can live in temperatures as low as -8 °C. Females can lay up to 10–40 eggs. The eggs hatch in four days. When the eggs hatch, they are called tadpoles. Tadpoles become small frogs in 45–65 days. The species name "chrysoscelis" is from the Greek word "chrysos", which means "gold." The Greek word "scelis" means "leg." This frog is gray or green in color with bright orange spots on its legs. This frog stays in the trees. Its color helps it blend in with the gray or brown tree bark. Human beings only see this frog on the ground when it is time for the frogs to mate and lay eggs. This frog lives in Ontario, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Maryland south to Florida.