ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective permeability barrier. It controls what gets from the bloodstream into the brain, and what does not. For example, things that the brain needs to survive (water, glucose, and amino acids) can get through the barrier. However, the barrier stops many harmful things, like bacteria and viruses, from getting into the brain. This helps protect the brain from getting an infection. The blood-brain barrier is formed by capillary endothelial cells. It allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion. It also allows the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids which are crucial to nerve function. On the other hand, the blood-brain barrier may prevent the entry of neurotoxins by means of an active transport mechanism.  A few small areas in the brain do not have a blood-brain barrier.  Discovery. Paul Ehrlich, a German doctor, discovered the blood-brain barrier. He injected dye into mice's bloodstreams. The dye got to every organ except the brain. The blood-brain barrier had stopped the dye from getting through to the brain. Then one of Ehrlich's students injected the dye right into the mice's brains. This time the brain turned blue, but no other organs did. The blood-brain barrier had stopped the dye from getting out of the brain into the bloodstream (which would have carried the dye to every other organ in the body). Function. The blood–brain barrier protects the brain from many common infections. Infections of the brain are rare. If they do happen, they are often serious and difficult to treat. Antibodies (which the body's immune system makes to fight infections) are too large to cross the blood–brain barrier. Also, many antibiotics cannot pass through the BBB to kill the infection in the brain.  One way to get medications into the brain is to inject them into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF helps protect the brain and spinal cord. However, it does not actually touch the brain. Instead, two of the layers that protect the brain and spinal cord hold the CSF. Because of
Wu Tianming (5 December 1939 – 4 March 2014) was a Chinese movie director and producer. He was considered one of the leading "Fourth Generation" directors. He was born in Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province. Wu Tianming died from a heart attack on 4 March 2013. He was 74 years old.
Xu Chongde (15 January 1929 – 3 March 2014) was a Chinese legal expert, professor and political scientist. He was a member of the Communist Party of China in the People's Republic of China. He was born in Qingpu, Shanghai. Xu Chongde died on 3 March 2014 in Beijing. He was 85 years old.
Eckart Höfling (28 October 1936 – 1 March 2014) was a German Catholic priest. He was best known for working in the fight against poverty in Brazil. He was born in Langenprozelten, Lower Franconia. Höfling died after a long illness on 1 March 2014 in Main-Spessart, Bavaria. He was 77 years old.
Michael Shea (1946 – February 16, 2014) was an American writer. His genres included fantasy, horror, and science fiction. He has won "year's best" World Fantasy Awards for the novel "Nifft the Lean" and the novella "Growlimb". He was born in Culver City, California. Michael Shea died unexpectedly on February 16, 2014. He was 67 years old. He was outlived by his wife and two children.
Sauvo is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 3,025 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Kaarina, Kemiönsaari, Parainen, Paimio and Salo.  Most people in Sauvo speak Finnish.
Kemiönsaari is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 7,000 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Salo, Raasepori, Hanko, Parainen and Sauvo. It was created on 1 January 2009, when the former municipalities of Dragsfjärd, Kimito and Västanfjärd were merged into the municipality. Most people in Kemiönsaari speak Swedish.
Stag beetles are a family of about 1,200 species of beetles in the family "Lucanidae". They are first found in the mid Jurassic period. Male stag beetles use their jaws to wrestle with each other. They fight over females and over food, such as tree sap or decaying fruits. Despite their appearance they are not normally aggressive to humans. Adults spend the winter underground in the soil and usually emerge from mid-May onwards. They can fly, and need to because they have to cover large distances. The larvae live in rotting wood for several years going through three larval stages. A well-known species in much of Europe is "Lucanus cervus", known as "the" stag beetle. It is the largest land insect in Europe.
Mark Iehielvich Freidkin (; 14 April 1953 – 4 March 2014) was a Soviet and Russian poet, writer, translator, and singer. He wrote three books of prose. He was born in Leninobod (now Khujand, Tajikstan) and studied in Moscow. He was of Jewish descent. Freidkin died after a long illness on 4 March 2014 in Moscow. He was 60.
A system of units is a collection of units of measurement. The quantities described by the units are related to each other by specific rules. These rules may not contradict each other. An example of a system like this is one needed for the problems of the economic system. Base and derived units. Some of the units are called "base units". These units can be defined by arbitrarily. Other units are called derived units. They are defined using the base units.  The most common systems of units today are the International System of Units (SI), the Imperial units and the United States customary units.  The base units of SI are the metre, the second, the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin, the candela and the mole. SI has many derived units which include the watt, newton and joule. SI is called a "coherent system of units" because the constant factor in the definition of it derived units is always 1. The base units of the imperial system and the United States customary system are the pound avoirdupois, the yard and the second. Derived units found in the Imperial and Customary systems of units include horsepower and Pounds per square inch. Coherent units. The relationship force, energy and power is an example of coherence. The equations are "force = kf × mass × acceleration" "energy = ke × force × distance" "power = kp × energy / time". If kf = 1 and ke = 1 and kp = 1 then the relationships are coherent. In SI, the equations become "newtons = kilograms × metres per second squared" "joules = newtons × metres" "watts = joules / second".  SI is therefore a coherent system. In the cgs system of units, the equations become "dynes = grams × centimetres per second squared" "ergs = dynes × centimetres" "ergs per second = erg / second".  The equations for the cgs system do not have any additional constants. It is therefore a coherent system. In the MKS-gravitational system, the equations become "kilogram-force = kilograms × metres per second squared / 9.
Marsha M. Linehan (born May 5, 1943) is an American psychologist and writer. She made a new kind of psychotherapy called dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Linehan is a Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle. Early life. Linehan was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She was diagnosed with schizophrenia in March 1961 at The Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut. She was an inpatient there for 2 years and 2 months. She was given thorazine and lithium as treatment. She believes that she was misdiagnosed and that she actually had borderline personality disorder. In 1971 Linehan was given her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Loyola University Chicago. Career. After she left university, Linehan did an internship at The Suicide Prevention and Crisis Service in Buffalo, New York from 1971 to 1972. During that time Linehan was also an assistant professor at University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. In 1973 Linehan went back to Loyola University to work as a professor for two years. In 1977 Linehan became an assistant professor in the Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences department of the University of Washington.
Vito Joseph LoGrasso (born June 18, 1964 in Brooklyn) is an American professional wrestler. He is known under the ring names Big Vito and just Vito. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He also spent a short time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). On September 2013, he opened a wrestling school in Clearwater, Florida.
Bikini Kill was an American punk rock band. The band was started in October 1990 in Olympia. The band's members were singer Kathleen Hanna, guitarist Billy Karren, bassist Kathi Wilcox, and drummer Tobi Vail. History. The band was started in Olympia, Washington by Kathleen Hanna (vocals), Billy Karren (guitar), Kathi Wilcox (bass), and Tobi Vail (drums). They released a demo cassette tape in 1991. They were then signed to Kill Rock Stars. Their first extended play "Bikini Kill" was released on the label. In September 1993 the band's first album "Pussy Whipped" was released. The band's last album, "Reject All American" was released in 1996. In 1997 the band broke up. In 2012 "Bikini Kill" was released again. In 2014 "Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah" was released again.
The Division of Fisher is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1949 and is named after Andrew Fisher, three times Prime Minister of Australia. It covers the Sunshine Coast area north of Brisbane. It includes the towns of Caloundra, Mooloolaba, Beerwah, Maleny, Woodford and Kilcoy. Members. Sir Charles Adermann was Deputy Leader of the Country Party 1964–66.  Peter Slipper was elected as Speaker on 24 November 2011 and resigned from the Liberal National Party. He stayed in parliament as an independent member. He resigned as speaker on 9 October 2012. On 11 May 2013, he joined businessman Clive Palmer's new Palmer United Party, becoming its first member in federal parliament. However, only hours later his membership of the party was cancelled and Slipper returned to being an independent.
The Division of Flynn is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up for the 2007 federal election. The electorate covers the areas west from the port city of Gladstone, as far as the town of Emerald. It was named after John Flynn, founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Service. Formation. In June 2006, the Australian Electoral Commission announced that the new division would be named Wright. This would honour Judith Wright for her life as a "poet and in the areas of arts, conservation and indigenous affairs in Queensland and Australia". Many people complained because the name could be linked to disgraced former Queensland ALP leader Keith Wright. Instead the AEC named the seat after John Flynn.
Zhou Youguang born Zhou Yaoping 13 January 1906 – 14 January 2017) was a Chinese linguist and writer. He was sometimes called the "father of Hanyu Pinyin". Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Chinese in the People's Republic of China. He also wrote many books banned by the government of China. Zhou was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu. In 1933, he married Zhang Yunhe. She died on 14 August 2002. They had two children together Zhou Xiaoping (1934–2015) and Zhou Xiaohe (1935–1941). He turned 100 in 2006. He became a supercentenarian (turning 110) in 2016. Zhou died on 14 January 2017 at his home in Beijing, a day after his 111th birthday.
Emmanuel G. Kriaras (; 28 November 1906 – 22 August 2014) was a Greek lexicographer and philologist. He was Emeritus Professor of the School of Philosophy at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He was a student of Ioannis Psycharis. He practiced the ideology of demotic Greek and his work was mainly on all the language matters of Greek and Greece. Kriaras was born in Piraeus, Attica. Kriaras died in Thessaloniki, Greece from a heart attack. He was 107 years old.
William Reid Pogue (January 23, 1930 – March 4, 2014) was an American NASA astronaut, teacher, public speaker and writer. He is best known for being a crew member of Skylab 4. He was born in Okemah, Oklahoma. Pogue died from natural causes in the morning of March 4, 2014 in his Florida home. He was 84 years old. He was outlived by his wife and three children.
The SPRAT (for "Système de pose rapide de travures") is an assault bridge built on a military heavy truck. It is made in France and used by the French army. It's purpose is as a mobile bridge for military vehicles. It was used starting in 2011. Within the forward edge of battle, the PTA is a unique gap crossing solution. The modularity offered by the PTA also provides a tactical advantage for vehicles up to class MLC 80. Since 2009, the Modular Assault Bridge has been commissioned into the French Army under the name SPRAT (Système de Pose Rapide de Travure - rapid bridge layer system). In front of the breach, it is capable of deploying two short 14.3 m bridges or one long 26 m bridge. The bridge is deployed from the armored cab, thus ensuring operator safety. Rapid horizontal deployment (10 minutes with 2 operators for the long bridge) ensures operational discretion. Thanks to its stabilizing legs, the PTA can establish a bridge from unprepared banks (inclination of +/- 5%, slope of +/- 10%). The high mechanical strength of the PTA's bridges allows the crossing of vehicles up to class MLC 80 over a gap of up to 24 meters in a repetitive manner as they are stress and fatigue qualified according to the FINABEL code. Equipped with a digital, automated combat system (including an IR camera, operator interface and telemetry), the Modular Assault Bridge can be used day or night. Weighing less than 60 metric tons, it can be driven on ordinary roads and can also be transported by air. The assault bridge SPRAT is manufactured by the French company CNIM.
The SEPECAT Jaguar is a twin-turbojet military aircraft. It was designed and built as an attack aircraft, also used as a training aircraft. It was built by SEPECAT, an Anglo-French company. It first flew in 1968. "Armée de l'Air" and Royal Air Force were the main users. It was used in wars in Africa by French, and in Gulf War and Afghanistan War by British and French. It's also built under licence in India as Jaguar International. Users. Apart "Armée de l'Air" and Royal Air Force the Jaguar was purchased by Ecuador, India, Nigeria and Oman.
The Path to 9/11 is a melodramatic, event-based television movie. It is about the events between the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the few minutes just after the September 11 attacks. The movie was criticized for saying untrue things about events and some people and for not showing all sides of things. The cast includes Patricia Heaton, Harvey Keitel and Donnie Wahlberg. Keitel was warned that some things in the movie were not true. When the TV network was trying to fix the issue, however, it was too late. There were arguments on what was true or untrue. This movie aired in two parts in September 2006 on the ABC Network.
Vincent James "Vince" Russo (born January 24, 1961) is an American creative writer and author. He is known for his work in professional wrestling. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). During his time writing for the WWF and WCW, he was known for contributing edgy storylines that included profanity, storylines involving sexual content, swerves or unexpected heel turns, as well as worked shoots in the storylines. Russo mentions on the back of his book "Rope Opera" that he has "been known as both the savior of Vince McMahon's WWF and the man who destroyed WCW." He most recently worked with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. On February 14, 2012, TNA President Dixie Carter announced that TNA and Russo had parted ways during the week. In October 2003, he became a Born Again Christian.
James Mark "Jim" Cornette (born September 17, 1961) is an American retired manager, commentator, promoter, and booker. He is best known for his work in Jim Crockett Promotions, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He was also the owner of Smoky Mountain Wrestling from 1991 to 1995. He has also appeared as an on-screen character in an authoritative role for Ring of Honor (ROH) as the "Commissioner" and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as the "Management Director" (as well as an off-screen road agent). Cornette has expressed his hatred for Vince Russo and WWE Producer Kevin Dunn in interviews. He also mentioned in a "YouShoot" that he is an atheist.
Allan Eric Funk (born July 7, 1971) is an American professional wrestler. He currently competes in Lucha Libre USA where he competes under the ring name Chi Chi. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he competed under the ring name Kwee Wee and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the name Bruce where he was one-half of The Rainbow Express, a stereotypical homosexual tag team with Lenny Lane.
The cyclostomes (or cyclostomi) are the lamprey and hagfish. They are the only two living jawless fish, the Agnatha. Recent molecular data from rRNA, and from mtDNA, show that these living agnathans are monophyletic. There are about 100 species. Hagfish are vertebrates but do not have vertebrae. It is believed that they lost their vertebrae during their lifestyle adaptations. The name "Cyclostomata" and "Cyclostomi" means "round mouths". Their mouths cannot close due to the lack of a jaw, so they have to constantly cycle water through the mouth.
Chinese people are the various ethnic groups from China, including Taiwan. The largest of these groups is the Han Chinese. This group is often called "Chinese" or "ethnic Chinese" in English. Large numbers of Han Chinese live in countries other than China. They may make up as much as 19% of the world's population. Other ethnic groups in China include the Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, and Uyghurs, among many others. The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially recognises 56 ethnic groups. Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC) officially recognises 14 tribes of Taiwanese aborigines. The list of ethnic groups in China includes the major ethnic groups of China (PRC) and Taiwan.
Overview. Wonder is a children's novel written by R.J. Palacio. "Wonder" was ranked #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list. It was also on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list.  This novel is about a boy named August "Auggie" Pullman. He is not a normal boy because he has a disease called Treacher Collins Syndrome. He has had two or three face surgeries every year, but will not need one for a couple of years as of the beginning of the book. He was home-schooled for most of his life due to having to have many surgeries, and him being very small and sickly, but is going to Beecher Prep middle school as he has become more healthy. The book is from the point of view of August and different people in his life.
Alice in Videoland is an electroclash band from Sweden. The band started in 2002. Toril Lindqvist is the singer.  History. In 2003 the band released their first album "Maiden Voyage" in Sweden. In 2005 they released their second album "Outrageous!". The band was signed by the American record label Storming The Base. In 2008 the band's third album "She's a Machine!" was released. "She's a Machine" was released as the album's first single. In 2010 the band's fourth album "A Million Thoughts and They're All About You" was released.
Ian Alexander "Molly" Meldrum (born 29 January 1943) is an Australian music critic, journalist, record producer and entrepreneur. He is best known for presenting the popular music program "Countdown" (1974–87). His trademark accessory is his Stetson hat which is commonly mistaken for an Akubra. Meldrum was born in Orbost, Victoria. He is openly gay. In December 2011, he fell from a ladder in his backyard. After being rushed to The Alfred Hospital, he was placed under intensive care in a sedated state and had surgery for his head injuries. As well as the head injuries, he also had a broken shoulder, broken ribs, a punctured lung and cracked vertebrae.
Space debris is the collection of useless objects that are in orbit around Earth, for example broken satellites, empty rocket stages, pieces of metal, and many more. Because of how much space debris there is, collisions happen between space debris and sometimes even operational spacecraft, creating more debris. Since the start of space programs and the launch of Sputnik 1, NORAD has an active list of all known space launches and objects that are in Earth orbit, including waste parts, for example booster rockets. This is the Space Object Catalog.
The Kessler syndrome (or Kessler effect, is a cascade effect. It was suggested by NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in 1978. The scenario occurs when the space pollution is high enough for collisions between objects to occur. There is a satellite in orbit that is large and inactive, making it count as space debris, but it is in an orbit with a large amount of space debris. Two known objects get within 200m of it every year. This could cause a lot of space debris, inducing a domino effect with more collisions. Avoiding Kessler syndrome. Satellite manufacturers must demonstrate that their satellite can safely destroy itself or boost itself into a higher or lower orbit, known as a graveyard orbit, to avoid keeping unused satellites in common orbits for other satellites.
Egon Karl-Heinz Bahr (18 March 1922 – 20 August 2015) was a German SPD politician. During World War II Bahr was expelled from the Wehrmacht because he was partly of Jewish descent. After the war he worked as a journalist and a diplomat before entering into politics. Bahr was promoted by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt to serve as Secretary of the Prime Minister's Office from 1969 until 1972. Between 1972 and 1990 he was an MP in the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany and from 1972 until 1976 was also a Minister of the Federal Government.
Robert L. Sumner (August 3, 1922 – December 5, 2016) was an American Christian author, Baptist pastor and evangelist. He was the editor of the fundamentalist newspaper "The Biblical Evangelist". Sumner was born in Norwich, New York. He studied at Norwich High School and Baptist Bible College &amp; Seminary.
In mathematics, a bijective function or bijection is a function "f" : "A" → "B" that is both an injection and a surjection. This is equivalent to the following statement: for every element "b" in the codomain "B", there is "exactly" one element "a" in the domain "A" such that "f"("a")="b". Another name for bijection is 1-1 correspondence (read "one-to-one correspondence"). The term "bijection" and the related terms "surjection" and "injection" were introduced by Nicholas Bourbaki. In the 1930s, he and a group of other mathematicians published a series of books on modern advanced mathematics. Basic properties. Formally: formula_1 is a bijective function if formula_2, there is a unique formula_3 such that  formula_4 where the element formula_5 is called the image of the element formula_6, and the element formula_6 the pre-image of the element formula_5.  The formal definition can also be interpreted in two ways:  Note: Surjection means minimum one pre-image. Injection means maximum one pre-image. So bijection means exactly one pre-image. Cardinality. Cardinality is the "number" of elements in a set. The cardinality of "A"={X,Y,Z,W} is 4. This can be written as #"A"=4. By definition, two sets "A" and "B" have the same cardinality if there is a bijection between the sets. So #"A"=#"B" means there is a bijection from A to B. Bijections and inverse functions. Bijections and inverse functions are related to each other, in that a bijection is invertible, can be turned into its inverse function by reversing the arrows. Formally: Let "f" : "A" → "B" be a bijection. The inverse function "g" : "B" → "A" is defined by if "f"("a")="b", then "g"("b