ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The First Professional Football League (), known in short as Parva Liga (), is the top-level league of men's association football in Bulgaria. The league was founded in 1924 as the Bulgarian State Football Championship, and was later known by several other names, most recently Bulgarian A Professional Football Group from 2003 to 2016. The current name was adopted for the 2016–17 season. The current champions are Ludogorets Razgred, who have won the last seven titles (2012 to 2018).
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, which is a men's football tournament that takes place every four years and is organized by FIFA. The tournament took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awarded the hosting rights on 2 December 2010. This was the first World Cup taking place in Eastern Europe. The defending champions were Germany. France won the tournament after defeating Croatia 4–2. This was France's second World Cup title. Qualified teams. Russia is the host country, so the Russian team automatically qualified. Draw. The draw was held in Moscow at 18:00 MSK, on Friday 1 December 2017 The teams were divided into 4 pots, 8 teams each. The number in parenthesis show positions in the FIFA World Rankings prior to the tournament. Group stage. The top two teams of each group advance to the round of 16. Matches are played on a round-robin basis. Tiebreakers. The rankings of teams in each group are determined as follows (regulations Article 32.5): If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings are determined as follows: Knockout stage. Round of 16. cjk Statistics. Discipline. A player is automatically suspended for the next match for the following offences: The following suspensions were served during the tournament: Prize money. Prize money amounts were announced in October 2017.
The 2022 FIFA World Cup was the 22nd FIFA World Cup. It was hosted in Qatar from 20 November 2022 to 18 December 2022. It was the first World Cup hosted in the Arab world, and the second to be hosted fully in Asia. This was the last World Cup played with a 32 team format. The tournament was played during the months of November and December to stay away from the hot weather during the summer months in Qatar. The reigning champions were France. There have been suspicions on whether Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. An investigation that was done by FIFA reported that Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. This investigation was criticized by Michael J. Garcia. Qatar was also criticized because of the treatment of the foreign workers preparing the World Cup stadiums. Qualification. FIFA's six continental confederations have their own qualifying tournaments. All 211 associations are able to enter qualification. Qatar, qualified automatically because they are the hosts. Qatar still plays in the first two rounds of AFC qualification because it is also qualification for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup. The previous World Cup champions France will participate in qualification as normal. Saint Lucia, North Korea, American Samoa, Samoa all withdrew because of safety reasons related to the COVID-19 pandemic, with North Korea withdrawing after already playing matches. Tonga withdrew because of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami. Russia was suspended by FIFA because of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Vanuatu and Cook Islands both withdrew because of COVID-19 cases in their squads, with Cook Islands withdrawing after already playing matches. The amount of available World Cup slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in Zürich. The committee decided that the slots would be the same as 2018. Officiating. On 19 May 2022, FIFA announced the list of 36 referees, and 69 assistant referees and 24 video assistant referees for the tournament. Of the 36 referees, FIFA included two each from Argentina, Brazil, England and France. For the first time women referees will referee games at a major men's tournament.
Natassia Gail Zolot (born September 24, 1989 in San Francisco, California), known by her stage name, Kreayshawn, is an American rapper, editor and music video director. She has directed videos for rapper Lil B and is also a member of the group White Girl Mob. She is known for the song "Gucci Gucci" which gained three million YouTube views in just three weeks. She is currently signed to Columbia Records. She is set to direct the music video for "The Adventures of Rain Dance Maggie" which is the first song by Red Hot Chili Peppers on their album, I'm with You. She is nominated for "Best New Artist" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. Discography. Albums. Kreayshawn has released 2 albums:
Rostislav Olesz (born October 10, 1985 in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia) is a professional Czech ice hockey left winger and center. He currently plays for SC Bern of the National League A (NLA). He was drafted by the Florida Panthers with the 7th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He also played in the NHL for the Florida Panthers for 6 seasons. He was traded by the Florida Panthers to the Chicago Blackhawks for defenceman Brian Campbell on June 24, 2011. He played 6 games with the Blackhawks and played a season with their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. On July 5, 2013, Olesz signed a 1-year deal with the New Jersey Devils. On November 21, 2013, he signed a contract with SC Bern of the NLA.
Jamal Mayers (born October 24, 1974 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 15 seasons in the NHL. He currently works as an analyst for the NHL Network. He was drafted with the 89th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Blues during 1998-99 NHL season. He went on to play 10 seasons with the St. Louis Blues before he was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for a 3rd round pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons with the Maple Leafs before being traded to the Calgary Flames along with Matt Stajan, Niklas Hagman and Ian White in exchange for Dion Phaneuf, Fredrik Sjöström and prospect Keith Aulie. At the end of the 2009-10 he signed a one-year contract with the San Jose Sharks. He was not resigned by the Sharks for the 2011–2012 season and he signed a one-year contract with the Chicago Blackhawks on July 1, 2011. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On December 13, 2013, he announced that he was retiring from the National Hockey League.
In Greek mythology, the Ophiotaurus was a creature that was part bull and part serpent. Ovid's poem, "Fasti" (3.793 "ff") is the only work where it is mentioned. There, it is said that when the creature's entrails were burnt, the person to do so could defeat the gods. The Ophiotaurus appears in the third book in the "Percy Jackson &amp; the Olympians" series, The Titan's Curse. Percy Jackson first thinks it is a female and names it "Bessie". It reappears in Battle of the Labyrinth and The Last Olympian.
From First to Last (formerly named First Too Last) is an American post-hardcore band from Los Angeles, originally from Georgia and Florida. History. The band formed in 1999 under the name First too Last. In 2004, 15-year-old Sonny Moore joined the band. The first album, "Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Bodycount", was released on June 29, 2004. "Heroine", the band's second album, was recorded in 2005 with Limp Bizkit guitarist Was Borland on the bass. Heroine was released on March 21, 2006. Moore left the band in early 2007 and guitarist Matt Good took over the lead vocals. In 2008, the band released their third album, named "From First to Last", with Interscope Records. Guitarist–screamer Travis Richter left the band in 2009, becoming lead vocalist in the metalcore band The Human Abstract in 2010. In March 16, 2010, the band released their fourth album, "Throne to the Wolves", with guitarist Blake Steiner and label Rise. The band was disbanded on July 29, 2010, but was brought back together in November 2013, with Sonny Moore returning
Falling in Reverse is a post-hardcore band formed in 2008 at Las Vegas, Nevada by Ronnie Radke, the former lead singer of Escape the Fate. History. The band formed in December 2008, by Ronnie Radke with the aid of Nason Schoeffler, under the name "From Behind These Walls". This name was changed in August of 2009 due to copyright problems. At the time the band was started, Radke was in prison (which is the reason behind the band's original name), and he was the only member. In 2009, Radke released the demos "Listen Up", "The Worst Time", and "The Departure", which in fact were not recorded by the band, but rather Radke himself alone in 2002. In December 12, 2010, Ronnie Radke was released from prison, and was signed by the indie label Epitaph Records based on the demos he made while being in jail. Several months after his release, Radke and the rest of the band began to record their album. The album was quickly finished by February of 2011.  Falling In Reverse released two singles to promote their album. The first single, "Raised by Wolves", was released July 7, 2011. "The Drug in Me Is You" was released shortly after on July 27. The full-length album was released July 26, 2011, named "The Drug in Me Is You", with Epitaph Records. The band participated in the 'Warped Tour 2011', from August 10 to August 14.
Ronald Joseph Radke (born December 15, 1983) is an American singer. He was the founder and singer in the band Escape the Fate from 2004 to 2008. As of December 2008, he is the founder and singer in the band Falling in Reverse. History. Ronald Joseph Radke was born on December 15, 1985 at Saint Rose Hospital, Las Vegas, Nevada. He has Native American ancestry. His mother left him at a very young age, but later in life he was able to meet her. She was working as a dog groomer at this point. She ended up leaving him again due to her troubles with addiction. He was raised by his father who also had a drug problem but later became a born again Christian, and sober. Around this time his father also became the president of a motorcycle club.  Radke grew up very poor. Focusing was a struggle for him during school. He often wore girls' jeans with his friend Mich because his favorite skateboarders wore similar clothes. Ronald has stated that he got them mostly from girls' houses.  He learned to skateboard, and he can still ride to this day. In high school, he was bullied by the kids for his unique style of wearing tight clothes and very small shirts. Despite this he also got along with some of his classmates because of his interest in rapping. Radke dropped out of high school twice. Radke started forming bands during his high school years. His first band was called 3.0. The logo of this band was made in Microsoft Paint and resembled the Ninja Turtles logo. His second band, named Lefty (with Robert Ortiz), competed in the high school talent contest. While on stage, Radke's microphone fell and Max Green (who was in a band called Almost Heroes at the time) picked it up for him and they almost instantly became friends. Together, they formed a band called True Story. Their interest shifted out of the pop punk scene and got into bands like Trice. Radke started playing piano and guitar. He played left-handed guitar, but still played a normal right-handed guitar when he played Blink 182 songs. At age
Alesana (pronounced Alice-Anna) is a emo band formed in Raleigh, North Carolina, in the year 2004. History. In June 2005, the band released the first EP, "Try This with Your Eyes Closed", with Tragic Hero Records. On June 6, 2006, Alesana released the first album, "On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax", this album was reissued on Fearless Records in 2008, next to the first EP. In 2007, the band released the video to the song "Ambrosia". On June 3, 2008, with Fearless, the band released the album "Where Myth Fades to Legend". The third studio album, "The Emptiness", was released January 26, 2010. The fourth album, "A Place Where The Sun Is Silent" will released October 19, 2011, with Epitaph Records.
James Cleveland Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American athlete. He was from Oakville, Alabama and moved to Cleveland, Ohio. He won four NCAA Championships in 1935 and 1936. At the 1936 Summer Olympics, he won gold medals in the 100 meters, 200 meters, long jump and 4x100 relay. He died of lung cancer in Tucson, Arizona.  Early years. Owens was born in Oakville, Alabama and moved to Cleveland, Ohio when he was nine years old as the seventh of the eleven children of Henry and Emma Owens. Owens was the grandson of a slave and the son of a sharecropper. He was often sick with what his mother reportedly called "the devil's cold". He was given the name "Jesse" by a teacher in Cleveland who did not understand his accent when the young boy said he was called "J.C."  Throughout his life Owens attributed the success of his athletic career to the encouragement of Charles Riley, his junior-high track coach at Fairview Junior High, who had picked him off the playground and put him on the track team (see also Harrison Dillard, a Cleveland athlete inspired by Owens). Since Jesse worked in a shoe repair shop after school, Riley allowed Jesse to practice before school instead.  Owens first came to national attention when, as a student of East Technical High School in Cleveland, Ohio, he tied the world record of 9.4 seconds in the 100-yard dash and long-jumped 24 feet 9 1/2 inches (7.56 m) at the 1933 National High School Championship in Chicago. NCAA. Owens attended Ohio State University only after a job was found for his father, ensuring the family could be supported. He was affectionately known as the "Buckeye Bullet" and won a record eight individual NCAA championships, four each in 1935 and 1936. The record of four golds at the NCAA has only been equalled by Xavier Carter, in 2006, although his titles included relay medals too. Owens's greatest achievement came in a span of 45 minutes on May 25
The 1999 UEFA Cup Final was a football game that took place in Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow, on 12 May 1999 between Parma A.C. (Italy) and Olympique de Marseille (France). Parma A.C. won 3-0. So Parma A.C. won their second UEFA Cup title and fourth European trophy, having previously won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Super Cup. Semi-finals in 1999 UEFA Cup. Parma A.C. defeated Atlético Madrid in the semi-finals with a 5-2 win. Olympique de Marseille defeated Bologna in the semi-finals with a 1-1 draw, but Marseille won with the penalty shootout. Finals in 1999 UEFA Cup. Parma A.C. defeated Olympique de Marseille with a 3-0 win, with goals by Crespo, Vanoli, and Chiesa, most of the goals in the first half.
Video High Density (VHD) was a videodisc format which was marketed predominantly in Japan by JVC. There was also an audio-only variant, Audio High Density (AHD). Technology. VHD discs are 25 cm (9 5/6 inches) in diameter, and store up to 60 minutes of video per side. Each disc is stored in a plastic case, similar to a CED's case, so that the user could not touch the disc itself. The entire case was put into the player, which would take out the disc, and then the now empty case could be taken back out. After one side has finished playing, the disc would have to be taken out, flipped, and put back in to continue playing. Similar to the RCA's CED, the signal on the VHD is recorded by varying capacitance on the disc. However, unlike the CED, the VHD does not contain any groves and the needle is made of diamond instead of titanium. Instead of having grooves, the needle is kept on track electronically so the needle does not have to actually touch the disc therefore resulting in less wear on the disc and on the needle. In one rotation of the disc, 2 frames of picture and audio were read. VHD was designed to be very interactive and was used in some video game systems as well as in car engine diagnostic tools. History. The VHD was first demonstrated in 1978, and after many advertisements in National Geographic magazines, It was eventually released in Japan and in the USA in 1983. However, by this time both Laserdisc and CED were already not selling well compared to the VHS and Betamax VCR systems. As a result of this, JVC did not let the VHD be sold in North America, but made it available to the general public in Japan and commercially in the UK and the US. During the time the VHD was made, it was mostly used for karaoke systems, anime video games, and interactive training systems. In the UK, the VHD was used for training, demonstration, and fault diagnostics. In Japan, a 3D version of the VHD utilizes double speed discs and special glasses. VHDs Today. The VHD was not very successful as a consumer product, but it sold well for commercial purposes. In Japan, the CED is still somewhat popular and the discs and players are both still collected.
Rügen "(lat. Rugia)" is the biggest island in Germany. There are several cities on the island. These include : Putbus, Garz, Binz, Bergen auf Rügen, Sassnitz, Glowe, Trent, Schaprode and Göhren. The island has a 77,000 population (according to the 2006 census). The island is about 926 square kilometers (or 357 square miles). The island is in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Rügen is also one of the most famous places to go in Germany for vacation. Geography. Rügen is in the northeast part of Germany in the Baltic Sea. The main landmass, Muttland, is surrounded my many peninsulas. There are also two national parks located on the island : Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park and Jasmund National Park.
The McLafferty rearrangement is an organic reaction seen in mass spectrometry. A mass spectrometer breaks apart the molecule being studied. The molecule breaks apart in consistent ways that chemists can predict. Most of the time, a carbon-carbon bond breaks and the atoms do not jump across the break between the fragments. The McLafferty rearrangement is an example of a hydrogen atom jumping to the other fragment as a part of the process of the bond breaking. It happens in an organic molecule containing a keto-group. The reaction. The American chemist Fred McLafferty was the first to describe the reaction in 1959. The keto-group undergoes β-cleavage, with the gain of the γ-hydrogen atom. This rearrangement may take place by a radical or ionic mechanism.
Xiaotingia is an extinct genus of "Archaeopteryx"-like theropod dinosaur from early Upper Jurassic deposits of western Liaoning, China. The Chinese team claims the fossils dated to 155 million years ago (mya), whereas the Solnhofen limestone where "Archaeopteyx" was found is 144 mya in age. The new fossil "Xiaotingia" cannot be dated so accurately, as they were originally been purchased from a dealer. Prof Xu first saw the specimen at the Shandong Tianyu Museum. The other question to be asked of all early dinobirds is: could they fly?  A cladistic analysis by Xu and his team showed that "Xiaotingia" formed a clade with "Archaeopteryx", the Dromaeosauridae and the Troodontidae. This clade excludes other birds. They therefore (re)defined the concepts of Deinonychosauria and Avialae so "Archaeopteryx" and "Xiaotingia" belonged to the Deinonychosauria and "Archaeopteryx" no longer was an avian (bird). This led to popular reports that ""Archaeopteryx" is no longer a bird".  However, the team explicitly allowed for a traditional Aves with "Archaeopteryx" as a specifier. Such a clade would in their opinion include the Deinonychosauria.
A double bond in chemistry is when two chemical elements are joined together in a chemical bond and share four bonding electrons instead of the usual two. The most common double bond is between two carbon atoms, and can be found in alkenes. There are many types of double bonds, such as in a carbonyl group with a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. Other common double bonds are found in azo compounds (N=N), imines (C=N) and sulfoxides (S=O). In skeletal formula the double bond is shown as two parallel lines (=) between the two joined atoms. When this formula is printed, the equals sign is used. Double bonds are stronger than single bonds and double bonds are also shorter. The bond order is two. Double bonds are also electron-rich, which makes them more reactive. The two pairs of electrons involved in the bond do not behave in exactly the same way. One pair of electrons forms a stronger "sigma"bond, noted by σ and drawn as a straight line between the nuclei of the bonding atoms. While the other pair form a pi bond, π, drawn as two cloud-like areas where the electrons exist, as "orbitals".
Magny-Cours is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France. It is best known as the home of the "Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours", a famous Auto racing circuit. It formerly hosted the Formula One French Grand Prix. A campus of the Institut supérieur de l'automobile et des transports is also located on the city.
"I Wanna Go" is a 2011 song by Britney Spears. The song is the third single from her seventh studio album, "Femme Fatale". The song was released on June 13, 2011. It was an instant success, reaching the top ten of the "Billboard" Hot 100 a day after debuting. This resulted in a flash mob in Times Square. Spears also shut down Times Square for an unexpected performance. The song has currently been downloaded over 1.8 million times in the US as of 2016. Music video. The video premiered on June 22, 2011, and was directed by Chris Marrs Piliero. Spears is asked questions by paparazzi in a press conference and grows tired of them, eventually saying, "Fuck you" to all but one of them. She then goes for a joyride with actor Guillermo Diaz, known for his role in the television series "Weeds".
The Fiat Ducato are vans and minibuses made by Fiat, It has been made from 1981 to the present day. It is built in cooperation with Citroën and Peugeot. First generation (1981–1993). The first generation Fiat Ducato was made in July 1981. In 1986, the following vans were made: Between 1985 and 1990, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille and different headlamps. Second generation (1993–2006). The second generation Fiat Ducato was made in 1993, In 1993, Citroen and Peugeot made the same vehicle but with different names, The names were: Citroën Jumper, Citroën Relay and the Peugeot Boxer. In February 2002, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps and breaklights. Third generation (2006–present). The third generation Fiat Ducato was made in 2008. Other vans include: In 2014 and 2020, the model was improved at the front and back, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps and brake lights.
A cyclohexene is a six-sided (hexagonal) shaped hydrocarbon ring made when carbon atoms join with hydrogen atoms. It is a flammable, toxic, and colourless liquid which does not dissolve in water. It will, however, dissolve in alcohol.
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a process that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles. It can be used to find out the mass of particles, and to find the basic chemicals in a sample or molecule. It can also tell the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds. There are 5 main steps a mass spectrometer takes: Using the information which the method can collect, it shows the "mass-to-charge ratio" of the particles, and the "relative abundance" (how many atoms of each type were in the sample). The first mass spectroscope was invented by the British physicist J. J. Thomson in 1912. His student Francis Aston developed the mass spectroscope for practical use. They are now widely used for agriculture, brewing, food processing, geology, petroleum exploration, medical drugs measurements and space exploration. They are often used with a chromatography system which helps prepare the sample for mass spectrometry.