ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Gigantoraptor is a genus of giant oviraptorosaur theropod dinosaur that lived 70 million years ago in the later Cretaceous. It was discovered in 2005 in Inner Mongolia. Discovery and naming. Since 2001, in a quarry, remains of the sauropod "Sonidosaurus" had been uncovered. In April 2005 Chinese paleontologist Xu Xing was asked to reenact the discovery of "Sonidosaurus" for a Japanese documentary. Xu obliged them by digging out a thighbone. As he wiped the bone clean, he suddenly realized it was not from a sauropod, but from an unidentifiable theropod about the size of "Albertosaurus". He stopped the filming to secure the serendipitous find. This way, the discovery of the "Gigantoraptor" fossil was captured on videotape. In 2007 the "Gigantoraptor erlianensis" was named and described by Xu and colleagues. The type specimen was found in strata dating to about 70 million years ago. It is the remains of a single subadult individual.The partial skeleton lacks the skull but includes the lower jaws, a single neck vertebra, most of the back, tail and leg elements. Description. "Gigantoraptor" belonged to the Oviraptorosauria, a group named after "Oviraptor". Compared to other known members, "Gigantoraptor" was much larger, about three times as long and 35 times more massive than the earlier discovered oviraptorosaurid "Citipati". Xu "et al." estimated the length at and the weight at 1400 kilogrammes. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul even gave an estimate of two tonnes (2.2 tons). The toothless lower jaws of "Gigantoraptor" are fused into a broad shovel-like mandibula. The skull would have been over half a metre long and toothless, probably with a horny beak. The back tail vertebrae are lightened by spongeous bone. The front limb is rather long because of an elongated slender hand. The humerus is bowed outwards to
The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (; ), is a public university in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. History. The University of Tübingen was founded in 1477. In Germany, Tübingen became known as one of the "five classical university towns". In 2010, Tübingen joined the Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with Dartmouth College (USA), Durham University (UK), Queen’s University (Canada), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Western Australia (Australia) and Uppsala University (Sweden). In 2012, the university established the Tübingen Center for Korean Studies at Korea University (TUCKU). This is Tübingen’s third branch in Asia after the Center for Japanese Language in Kyôto and the European Center for Chinese Studies (ECCS) at Peking University. Notable alumni. Alumni include former German President Horst Köhler and Nobel laureates Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Hartmut Michel and Günter Blobel. In the late 16th century, Johannes Kepler studied at Tübingen. In the 18th century, Friedrich Hölderlin, Friedrich Schelling and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel shared student rooms. Faculty. Notable professors include Joseph Ratzinger and Hans Kung.
The Huxley family is an English family. Members of the family had top careers in science, medicine, art, and literature. Some family members were also high level public servants in the United Kingdom.  Thomas Henry Huxley (THH) was the oldest male in the family. He was a zoologist and comparative anatomist. He was one of Charles Darwin's main supporters. Thomas had several grandsons including Aldous, Julian, and Andrew. Aldous Huxley wrote the books "Brave New World" and "Doors of Perception". Julian Huxley studied evolution, wrote "Evolution: the New Synthesis", and was the first director of UNESCO. Andrew Huxley was a Nobel prize winning physiologist and was appointed to the Order of Merit. Thomas and Andrew both served as President of the Royal Society, a century apart. Many of their relatives succeeded in other walks of life.
In the fictional world of the "Star Trek" television series, books, and video games, Starfleet is the group that manages spaceexploration. From the second half of the 22nd Century through at least the 25th Century, Starfleet is a part of the United Federation of Planets, a political group of planets with intelligent life, including Earth and Vulcan. Members of Starfleet come from many different planets and are from many different species. Though the mission of Starfleet is peaceful exploration of space, the group is also responsible for defense of Federation planets. Mission. In the television series "", set in the 22nd Century, Starfleet is an Earth space exploration program whose mission is "to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldy go where no man has gone before". Captain Jonathan Archer and the crew of the starship "Enterprise" travel into deep space to meet alien species and do scientific research. In the year 2161, Earth joins the United Federation of Planets, which adopts Starfleet as its space exploration service. Starfleet officers have ranks similar to Earth's Naval forces, and follow the Chain of Command, but they are not a military group. There is one law all Starfleet officers are required to follow called the Prime Directive. It says that members of Starfleet are not allowed to interfere (become involved in) the way a primitive society develops. Starfleet officers are trained at Starfleet Academy, located in San Francisco. Starfleet officers are given orders by Starfleet Command, located on Earth. Starships. Starfleet explores space using space vessels called starships. The USS Enterprise is the most well known starship, and there have been several of them in Starfleet from the 22nd Century through at least the 24th Century. One of the most famous Starfleet captains is James T. Kirk (from the television series Star Trek). Another famous Starfleet captain is Jean-Luc Picard, the captain of the USS Enterprise-D.  Starships are large and can carry from hundreds to over a thousand crew members. They are capable of scientific research, as well as carrying weapons called phasers and photon torpedoes for defending the Federation. They travel much faster than the speed of light using an engine called warp drive.
Betty Garrett (May 23, 1919 - February 12, 2011) was an American actress, comedian, singer and dancer. She was best known for her work in movie musicals in the 1940s and 1950s. Her acting career was affected when her husband, Larry Parks, was called to the House Un-American Activities Committee. There he admitted having been in the Communist Party, and he gave names of other entertainment people who were in the Party. Garrett has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She died of an aortic aneurysm.
"This is a Dutch name. The family name is" van der Meer, "not" Meer. Simon van der Meer (24 November 1925 – 4 March 2011) was a Dutch particle accelerator physicist. He won the Nobel prize in physics. Another physicist, Carlo Rubbia, also won this prize. He won the prize because of his work for the CERN project. This led to the discovery of W and Z particles, which are the two most important things in matter. Biography. Simon van der Meer was one of four children. He was raised in The Hague, Netherlands. His father was a school teacher, and his mother came from a family of teachers. He went to school at the city's gymnasium. He graduated in 1943 when the German army had control of the Netherlands. In 1945, van der Meer went to the Delft University of Technology. He earned an engineer's degree there in 1952. He joined CERN in 1956, and he stayed there until he retired in 1990. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1991. In 1966, when van der Meer was skiing with his friends in the Swiss mountains, he met Catharina M. Koopman, who became his wife. They had two children – Esther (born 1968) and Mathijs (born 1970). Scientific work. After getting his engineer's degree in 1952, Simon van der Meer worked for the Philips Research Laboratory in Eindhoven. When he was there, he was mainly working on high-voltage equipment and electronics for electron microscopes. In 1956, he moved to CERN, which was new at the time. When he first started at CERN, his work was mainly on technical design, and power supplies. While he was working at CERN, he invented the idea of stochastic cooling, which led to the discovery of W and Z bosons. In 1984, van der Meer and Carlo Rubbia won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work with the project.
Gerry Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter. His 1978 album, "City to City", reached number one on the music charts in the USA. "Baker Street", a song from the album reached the Top 10 in both the USA and Britain. It featured a distinctive saxophone solo played by Raphael Ravenscroft. Rafferty was born in Paisley, Scotland and began playing in bands as a teenager. "Stuck in the Middle" was written in the early 1970's with his band "Stealers Wheel". It was a parody of Bob Dylan's style. It became a hit again after being used in the movie "Reservoir Dogs" directed by Quentin Tarantino in 1992. Rafferty also played in a folk group, the Humblebums, with Scottish comedian Billy Connolly. He sold more than 10 million albums but did not enjoy working in the music industry which he said he "loathed and detested." He died in Stroud, Gloucestershire, England, from liver failure caused by his alcoholism.
Saeed Shehabi is a Bahraini thinker, political activist, commentator and journalist. He is a regular columnist in the daily Arabic "Al-Quds" newspaper. He gives regular interviews to the BBC's "Middle East Service" and "AlJazeera". He is also the Director of Abrar House, an Islamic community center in Central London that promotes interfaith work. He is also the leader of the pro-democractic Bahrain Freedom Movement, that is a banned Bahraini opposition group. He was also a founding member of Al-Wefaq National Party. He was previously the editor of "Alalam" magazine and now hosts a weekly television programme on Alalam TV. He has been living in exile in London since 1979 and returned to Bahrain on two occasions in 2002. He has a PhD in engineering from City University. Saeed Shehabi is married and has seven children. On August 2010, Bahrain TV declared that Saeed Shehabi is accused of being the second leading member of a terrorist network. He is currently being tried "in absentia" along with Hassan Mushaimi. The Bahraini government claimed that a red notice was issued by interpol for his arrest, however this has not been verified. In 1996 he was similarly sentenced to 15 years in prison "in absentia". In the summer of 2009, Saeed Shehabi's home was attacked by arsonists.
Steven William Prestwich (5 March 1954 – 16 January 2011) was an English born musician who became famous as the drummer in two Australian rock bands, the Little River Band and Cold Chisel Born in Liverpool, his family moved to Adelaide, Australia, in 1971. He formed a band called "Orange" with Jimmy Barnes. This band then became Cold Chisel. Prestwich wrote, and helped write several of the bands biggest hits including "Forever Now", "When The War Is Over", "Nothin’ But You", "Monica", "Best Kept Lies", and "Flame Trees". When Cold Chisel broke up in 1983, Prestwich joined the Little River Band. He recorded two albums with them. They recorded his song "When The War Is Over" with John Farnham. He played with Cold Chisel again when they reformed for two tours in 1998 and 2003. They had planned to record a new album in 2011. Prestwich recorded two solo albums, "Since You've Been Gone" in 2000 and Every Highway in 2009. Prestwich died after surgery to treat a brain tumor in 2011.
, also known as Heijō-tennō. was the 51st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Heizei's reign started in 806 and ended in 809. Traditional history. Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name ("imina") was . Heizei was the eldest son of the Emperor Kammu. He had three empresses and seven sons and daughters. Events of Heizei's life. Before he became the monarch, he was Crown Prince for over twenty years. After his death. According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum ("misasagi") of Heizei is in Nara. The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine at this location. The site can be visited by the public. Era of reign. The years of Heizei's reign are identified by only one era name ("nengō").
The iPhone 4S is the fifth iPhone that was created by Apple. It is very thin, and has a touchscreen. It was first available for pre-order on October 7, and it went on sale on October 14 in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. It was made available in more countries over the next few months. The iPhone 4S had the same design as the iPhone 4, but has several new features such as an upgrade to the Apple A5 processor, and an 8 MP camera with 1080p video recording. It shipped with iOS 5, which is the fifth major version of Apple's mobile operating system, iOS. It had new features such as iCloud, iMessage, Notification Center, Reminders, and integration with Twitter. It also had a voice activation system named Siri that was included in later generations of mobile Apple products. Features. The iPhone 4S introduced a new automated voice control system called "Siri". It first operated only on the iPhone 4S. It allows the user to give commands to the iPhone, which Siri can execute and respond to. For example, iPhone commands such as "What is the weather going to be like?" will generate a response such as "The weather is to be cloudy and rainy and drop to 54 degrees today". These commands can vary greatly and control almost every section of the phone. The commands given do not have to be specific and can be used with natural language. Siri makes it is much easier and/or possible for people to use device functions while driving, exercising, or when they have their hands full. It also means people with trouble reading, seeing, or typing can access the phone more easily.
was a Japanese novelist and science fiction writer. He is best known for a 1973 book, "Japan Sinks" ("Nihon Chinbotsu").  Early life. Komatsu was born in Osaka. In 1954, he earned a degree in Italian literature at Kyoto University.  Career. Komatsu worked as a magazine editor, a factory foreman and a comedy scriptwriter before he began writing science fiction.  The premise of Komatsu's best known book, "Japan Sinks", was confirmed in 2011 when parts of the Sanriku coastline sank more than a meter in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In the massive geologic shift, the land mass of the main island of Japan sank 2.4 centemeters.  Komatsu's most popular book was the basis of a 1973 film, a television series, a 2006 film remake, and a DVD. Selected works. In an overview of writings by and about Sakyo Komatsu, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 380+ works in 520+ publications in 14 languages and 1,520 library holdings.  Quotes. Shortly before his death, Komatsu wrote, "I had thought I wouldn’t mind dying any day, but now I’m feeling like living a little bit longer and seeing how Japan will go on hereafter."
, also spelled "Oga" and "Ogha", was a Japanese businessman and former president and chairman of Sony Corporation. Early life. Ohga was born in Numazu, Shizuoka. He studied at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music. He graduated in 1953. Career. He was made the president of Sony in 1982, and the CEO of Sony in 1989. He is credited with the development of the audio compact disc.
Farley Earle Granger (July 1, 1925 - March 27, 2011) was an American movie, theatre, and television actor. Two of the movies he was in were directed by Alfred Hitchcock: "Rope" and "Strangers on a Train". Granger was bisexual, and had relationships with both women and men. Some of the people he was involved with were Shelley Winters, Ava Gardner, Leonard Bernstein, and screenwriter Arthur Laurents. His longtime romantic partner was television producer Robert Calhoun. Granger wrote an autobiography called "Include Me Out: My Life From Goldwyn to Broadway". He died of natural causes. Selected performances. Television. Side Street- Ny setting about a man who steals money from a safe meant for blackmail  and gets caught up in the murders
Herbert "Bert" Jansch (3 November 1943—5 October 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter regarded as one of Britain's great folk guitarists. He was born in Glasgow, but his parents were German. After his father left the family they moved to Edinburgh. Jansch made his own guitar by the age of 12. After leaving school he began playing guitar, mainly blues, at various music clubs in Scotland and England. His first album, "Bert Jansch", was made in 1965 and quickly became successful. The song "Needle of Death" about drug addiction, created a lot of interest as this was a subject that was not talked about very much at that time. His second album, "It Don't Bother Me", featured his friend John Renbourn, another great guitar player. The two players became very popular as a duo, and made the very successful album, "Jack Orion", in 1966. This album had some traditional folk songs, including a version of "Blackwaterside", played in a jazz style. The rock band Led Zepplin later recorded his arrangement of the song. Jansch and Renbourn made another duo recording in 1966 called "Bert and John". They started playing with other musicians they met in London, and finally formed a band, Pentangle, with bass player Danny Thompson, drummer Terry Cox, and vocalist Jacqui McShee. Pentangle was instantly successful. Jansch did not enjoy fame, and left the band in 1973. He continued to play and make albums. Jansch often played on other people's recordings, including the Babyshambles album "Shotter's Nation" (2007). In 2010, despite being ill with lung cancer, he went on tour in the US with American musician, Neil Young. Jansch died of lung cancer in Hampstead, London. Recordings. Jansch has made many albums including:
Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911 – April 30, 2011) was an Argentine writer, painter and physicist. He won some of the most important prizes for writing in Spanish and was influential in the literary world of Latin America. He was also famous for investigating war crimes in Argentina. Sabato was a member of the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons. This tried to find out what had happened to the 30,000 people who went missing during time of military rule from 1976 to 1983. He was born in Rojas, Buenos Aires Province on 24 June 1911. He was the tenth of eleven sons from an average family. His parents were Francesco Sabato and Giovanna Maria Ferrari, a pair of Italian inmigrants from Calabria. He began to study at the National University of La Plata in 1929, where he studied physics and mathematics. He became a member of a communist youth group and went to the International Lenin School in Moscow to study for two years. He was very concerned about the rise of Stalinism, and went back to Argentina as soon as he could. He went back to the university and completed his PhD in physics. In 1939 he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but after going back to Argentina in 1940, he decided that he wanted to be a writer. His first magazine article was published in 1941, and for the next year he wrote book reviews and translated books into Spanish. His first book, a collection of essays on the morality of science and technology, was published in 1945. His first novel, a thriller, was published in 1948, and has been translated into ten languages. His third novel, "Abaddón el exterminador" ("The Angel of Darkness"), was named in France as the best foreign book of 1976. Sabato died in Santos Lugares, on 30 April, 2011, from bronchitis.
Dick King-Smith (27 March 1922 – 4 January 2011), was an English author. He wrote many children's books. The most popular was "The Sheep-Pig". This book was called "Babe the Gallant Pig" in the United States. The book was made into the movie "Babe". Early life. King-Smith was born on 27 March 1922 in Bitton, Gloucestershire. He grew up in the West Country. He was a student at Beaudesert Park School and Marlborough College. King-Smith was a soldier in World War II. He was a member of the Grenadier Guards in Italy. Personal life. He married his first wife, Myrle, in 1943. They had 3 children and 14 grandchildren. Myrle died in 2000. King-Smith then married Zona Bedding, a family friend. He received the Order of the British Empire and an Honorary Master of Education degree. King-Smith was a farmer for 20 years before he became a teacher and author. King-Smith's first book was "The Fox Busters". It was published in 1978. He then wrote over a hundred books. Some have been translated into 12 languages. Death. King-Smith died on 4 January 2011 at his home in Bath, Somerset. He was 88 years old.
Poly Styrene (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), was a British musician. She was best known as the singer in the early punk rock band X-Ray Spex. Early life. She was born in 1957 in Bromley, Kent, and raised in Brixton, London. Her mother raised her alone. Her father was a Somali aristocrat. She ran away from home as a teenager and lived in empty houses. She saw the Sex Pistols perform on her birthday in 1975. That gave her the idea to start her own punk band X-Ray Spex. She was an unusual music start because she wore braces, was mixed race, and dressed differently. Personal life. Poly Styrene's real name was Marianne Joan Elliott-Said. She lived in St Leonards, East Sussex. She joined the Hare Krishna movement in 1983. In 1991, Poly Styrene was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She had breast cancer which metastasised to her spine. She died of breast cancer on 25 April 2011 at the age of 53.
Phoebe Snow (July 17, 1950 - April 26, 2011) was an American singer. One of her most popular songs was "Poetry Man", from her album "Phoebe Snow". She also sang the theme song for the television series "A Different World". In December 1975, Snow gave birth to a daughter, Valerie, who had hydrocephalus (too much liquid around the brain). Snow cared for her until Valerie died in 2007. Snow suffered a brain hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) in January 2010, from which she never recovered. Complications from the hemorrhage caused her death.
Vann Nath (1946 – September 5, 2011) was a Cambodian artist, writer and human rights activist. He was born in Battambang Province in northwestern Cambodia. By age 14 or 15, he was working at factory jobs for very small amounts of money. Nath was a monk from the age of 17 to 21. His sister died, and Vann Nath stopped being a monk. He began to help support the family. He entered a painting school in 1965. He was able to make money by painting after two years of study. Natt was arrested January 7, 1978 by the Khmer Rouge He wote and painted pictures of his experiences in the Tuol Sleng prison, also known as S-21. He wrote his life story in the 1988 book, "A Cambodian Prison Portrait: One Year in the Khmer Rouge's S-21 Prison". It is the only written story by a survivor of the prison. Nath survived because he was a great artist. Comrade Duch did not kill him, so that Natt could make paintings and sculptures of Pol Pot. He played an important role in helping to revive the arts in Cambodia after decades of war and genocide. During 2001 and 2002, Vann Nath worked with Cambodian movie director Rithy Panh to make a documentary called "". Panh brought together former prisoners and guards from the former Tuol Sleng prison. Vann Nath spoke stringly and asked his former torturers questions. Vann Nath had many health problems in his life, but he continued to paint and write about life during the time of Pol Pot. He died in 2011 in Phnom Penh. He was 66.