ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Racism in Poland has been a subject of extensive studies. Ethnic minorities historically made up a substantial proportion of Poland's population, from the founding of the Polish state through the Second Polish Republic, than they did after World War II when government statistics showed that at least 94% of the population self-reported as Poles. Recent trend. As per the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) of the Organization of Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), hate crimes recorded by the Police of Poland dropped between 2018 and 2020, but rose steadily until 2022, reaching a level higher than 2018 (table below). Of the 440 prosecuted hate crimes, 268 (61%) were racist and xenophobic hate crimes, seconded by 87 (20%) antisemitic hate crimes, while only 6% were allegedly anti-Muslim hate crimes (25).  Jews. Middle Ages. King Casimir III the Great brought Jews to Poland during the Black Death when Jewish communities were persecuted across Europe. Modern period. By mid-16th century, 80% of world Jewry lived in Poland. During the 15th century, radical Catholics in Kraków incited pogroms in 1469. In 1485, Jewish elders were forced to stop trading in Kraków. After the 1494 Kraków fire, pogroms happened again. King John I Albert forced the Jews to move to Kazimierz. From 1527, Jews were no longer admitted into the city walls of Warsaw. 20th century. Interwar period. In the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), the government restricted Jews from civil service and licence acquisition. From the 1930s, the restrictions extended to college admission and almost all professions. In 1921-22, 25% of college students were Jewish and the proportion fell to 8% by 1939, but the fringe far-right "Endecja" (National Democracy) party continued organizing boycotts of Jews. After Polish Prime Minister Józef Piłsudski's death in 1935, the fringe "Endecja" doubled down by v
Thrive is an free and open-source evolution simulation video game for Windows and Linux. The development of the game first started in 2009 and in 2016, it was released as an early access title via Steam and itch.io. The game is inspired by the 2008 video game Spore but goes for a much more scientifically-accurate approach. Gameplay. Similar to Spore, it is a game about controlling the evolution of a species, through 7 stages of evolution. Currently, Unicellular Stage is the only playable stage, which just like Spore is also played through a 2D tidepool-like space. The player can evolve by mutating new organelles and functions.
Aleksandar Dragović (born March 6, 1991 in Vienna) is an Austrian football player. He plays as central defender for the Austrian Football Bundesliga club FK Austria Wien. Career. Dragović began his career in the youth department of FK Austria Wien. 2008 and he moved to Austria Wien II. Later the same year he came into the first team. He also won the Austrian Cup in 2009. In February 2011, Dragović moved to FC Basel.At the end of the 2012/13 season, Dragović became Swiss champions for the third time with FC Basel. Basel reached the cup final. In the 2012/13 UEFA Europa League, Dragović reached the semi-finals with FC Basel. 2013 Dragović signed a five-year contract with Dynamo Kyiv. In his first season he won the 2013/14 Ukrainian Cup with Dynamo Kyiv. The following season he played with the club in the group stage of the Champions League, became Ukrainian champions and cup winners. In the 2015/16 season he reached the round of 16 of the Champions League and repeated the championship win. In July 2016, he won the 2016 Ukrainian Supercup against Shakhtar Donetsk. 2016 he moved to the German Bundesliga club Bayer 04 Leverkusen. For the 2017/18 season, Dragović was loaned to the English first division club Leicester City. After a total of 71 Bundesliga appearances for Leverkusen he moved to Serbia to FK Red Star Belgrade for the 2021/22 season. He left Belgrade after the 2023/24 season. Dragović then returned to Austria Wien. International. Dragović played in the Austrian U-16 , U-17 and U-19 team. In his first season as a regular player for Austria Vienna, he was called up to the senior national team squad for the 2010 World Cup qualifying match against Romania. He was nominated again for the qualifying game against Serbia on June 6, 2009 under Dietmar Constantini. He made his team debut in this game. He scored his
Hashem Safieddine (born Hashim Safi Aldiyn; 1964 – 3 October 2024) was a Lebanese Shia cleric who was the head of Hezbollah's Executive Council from 2001 until his assassination in 2024. He is a cousin of Hassan Nasrallah. He was seen as the "number two" in Hezbollah before Nasrallah's assassination on 27 September 2024.  On 3 October 2024, Safieddine was targeted by an Israeli airstrike in Beirut. On 5 October, it was reported that Hezbollah had lost contact with Safieddine since the airstrike. On 8 October, the Israeli government said that Safieddine was likely "eliminated".  On 22 October 2024, the IDF confirmed his death, stating that his body had been found.
Fernando Valenzuela Anguamea (November 1, 1960 – October 22, 2024) was a Mexican-American professional baseball pitcher. Valenzuela played 17 Major League Baseball (MLB) seasons, from 1980 to 1991 and 1993 to 1997. In 1981, Valenzuela became extremely popular and his popularity became known as "Fernandomania". He was honored into the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame in 2014. Valenzuela was known for playing with the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1980 to 1990. He later played for the California Angels in 1991 before retiring for two years. In 1993, Valenzuela started to play with the Baltimore Orioles. He also played for the Philadelphia Phillies, San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals during 1994 to 1997. In 2003, he returned to the Dodgers as a broadcaster. Valenzuela purchased the Mexican League team Tigres de Quintana Roo in 2017. Valenzuela was born in Etchohuaquila, Sonora, Mexico. He became an United States citizen in 2015. In 1981, he married Linda Burgos. They had four children. On October 1, 2024, it was reported that Valenzuela had been hospitalized for liver cancer-related treatment in Los Angeles, California. He died three weeks later while hospitalized on October 22 at the age of 63.
John Chaloner Alabaster was born 11 July, 1930 and died 9 April, 2024 in Cromwell. He was a New Zealand cricketer who played 21 tests from 1955 to 1972 taking 49 wickets. He was the brother of Gren Alabaster.
Gerasim "Rezo" Georgievich Khugayev (, "Xwêgatê Géorgiyê fêrt Gérasim (Rézo)"; , "Gerasime Khugaevi"; ; 15 November 1946 – 22 October 2024) was an Ossetian politician. He was the 2nd and 8th Prime Minister of South Ossetia. He was the only South Ossetian Prime Minister to serve more than one time. Khugayev died on 22 October 2024 at the age of 78.
Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero VII GCCT KStJ KCLJ (born Tūheitia Paki; 21 April 1955 – 30 August 2024), crowned as Kīngi Tūheitia, reigned as the Māori King from 2006 until his death in 2024. He was the oldest son of the last Māori monarch, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu. He was announced as her successor and crowned on 21 August 2006, the final day of her tangi. On 30 August 2024, Tūheitia died while recovering from heart surgery in hospital in Hamilton, New Zealand at the age of 69.  His daughter Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō, was elected by leaders of tribes as his successor.
Dame Te Atairangikaahu (born Pikimene Korokī Mahuta, 23 July 1931 – 15 August 2006) reigned as Māori Queen from 1966 until her death in 2006. Her reign was the longest of any Māori monarch. Although the office of the Māori monarch holds no constitutional duties, it is the head of the Waikato federation of tribes with its parliament. Te Atairangikaahu was also a strong supporter of Māori cultural and sporting events. In December 2005, Te Atairangikaahu started dialysis treatment when her kidneys began to fail. In July 2006, she suffered a suspected heart attack, and was hospitalized in Hamilton, New Zealand. She was discharged from hospital later in the month. Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu died on 15 August 2006 at her official residence, Tūrangawaewae marae in Ngāruawāhia from problems caused by kidney failure at the age of 75.
Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō (born 13 January 1997) has been the Māori Queen since 2024. She was raised to the throne on 5 September 2024 after being elected to replace her father Kīngi Tūheitia.  Her full name and title is Te Arikinui Kuīni Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō. Her titles "Te Arikinui" (meaning Paramount Chief) and "Kuīni" (meaning Queen). Reign. Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō acceded to the throne at the age of 27, the second-youngest to do so. Her accession was not automatic, as the Māori monarch has to be elected. Upon her accession, she was younger than the youngest reigning monarch of a sovereign nation (Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the sovereign Emir of Qatar).  Tūheitia's death on 30 August 2024 caused a selection of his replacement by a forum of tribal leaders who choose her by consensus. The announcement of her selection as Queen and her taking the throne took place during the funeral of her father. Personal life. Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō was born in Waikato, New Zealand as the youngest child and only daughter of Tūheitia. She is a direct descendant of the first Māori King, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero. She is the eighth monarch of the Kīngitanga, and the second woman to hold the position. Māori is her first language. When Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō was nine years old, her father became the Māori king.
The Māori King movement, called the in Māori, is a Māori movement that came from some of the Māori tribes of New Zealand in the 1850s. They wanted to create a role that was similar to that of the monarch of the British colonists.  The first Māori king, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, was crowned in 1858. The monarchy is non-hereditary as every monarch has to be elected by a forum of tribal leaders.  The eighth monarch is Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō, was elected and crowned in September 2024.
Vimba elongata, the Bavarian vimba, is a kind of vimba in the family Cyprinidae. It lives in the Danube and is also found in Austria, Bavaria, and Germany.
Paskalis Bruno Syukur OFM (born 17 May 1962 in Ranggu) is an Indonesian Catholic bishop. He has been the Bishop of Bogor since 2014. Early life and religious career. Paskalis Bruno Syukur was born on 17 May 1962 in Ranggu, Indonesia. He joined the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) and made his religious vows on 22 January 1989. He was ordained a priest on 2 February 1991. Bishop of Bogor. On 21 November 2013, Pope Francis appointed him as the Bishop of Bogor. He received his episcopal consecration on 22 February 2014 from Bishop Cosmas Michael Angkur. The co-consecrators were Bishops Hubertus Leteng and Ignatius Hardjoatmodjo. On 6 October 2024, Pope Francis announced that Syukur would become a cardinal. However, on 22 October 2024, Syukur resigned from accepting the cardinalate, and Pope Francis accepted his resignation.
Place de la Concorde () is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. Measuring 7.6 hectares (19 acres) in area, it is the largest square in Paris. It is located in the 8th arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. History. The square was designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1755 as a moat-skirted octagon between the Champs-Élysées and the Tuileries Gardens. Initially named "Place Louis XV" to honor Louis XV of France, it featured an equestrian statue of the king in its center. During the French Revolution, the statue of Louis XV was torn down, and the square was renamed "Place de la Révolution". It became the site of many public executions, including that of Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and Maximilien Robespierre. The guillotine was erected in the square, and over 1,200 people were executed there during the Reign of Terror. In 1795, after the revolution, the square was given its current name, "Place de la Concorde", symbolizing national reconciliation. Monuments. At the center of the square stands the Luxor Obelisk, a gift from Egypt to France in 1833. The obelisk, originally from the Luxor Temple in Egypt, is over 3,000 years old and was erected in the square in 1836. The obelisk is flanked by two magnificent fountains designed by Jacques Ignace Hittorff: the "Fontaine des Mers" and the "Fontaine des Fleuves". Surrounding the square are several important buildings, including the Hôtel de Crillon, one of the oldest luxury hotels in the world, and the Hôtel de la Marine, a historic building that now houses a museum. Location. Place de la Concorde is located at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées, making it an important part of the historic axis of Paris, which stretches from the Arc de Triomphe to the Louvre Museum. The square is bordered by the Tu
Tuileries Garden () is a public garden located between the Louvre Museum and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. Created by Catherine de' Medici in 1564 as the garden of the Tuileries Palace, it was opened to the public in 1667 and became a public park after the French Revolution. Covering an area of 55 hectares (136 acres), it is one of the most iconic parks in Paris. History. The garden was originally commissioned in 1564 by Catherine de' Medici, who wanted a space near the Tuileries Palace that resembled the gardens she grew up with in Italy. The name "Tuileries" comes from the tile factories ("tuileries") that previously occupied the site. In 1664, the renowned landscape architect André Le Nôtre redesigned the garden into a formal French garden, with meticulous lawns, geometric paths, and ornamental lakes. Le Nôtre’s redesign turned the garden into a masterpiece of classical French landscape design, which heavily influenced other European gardens of the era. During the French Revolution, the Tuileries Garden became a place for political gatherings and demonstrations. After the destruction of the Tuileries Palace in 1871, the garden became a standalone public space, further enhanced by additional sculptures and fountains. Design and layout. The garden is laid out in a formal style typical of French classical gardens, with symmetrical paths, well-manicured lawns, and reflecting pools. It is divided into two large sections: Several major landmarks are visible from the garden, including the Louvre Museum, the Arc de Triomphe, and the Place de la Concorde. The central axis of the garden aligns perfectly with the historical axis of Paris, running from the Louvre to the Axe historique. Notable monuments and statues. The Tuileries Garden is home to numerous statues and fountains, created by some of the most renowned sculptors in history: Events and cultural significance. The Tuileries Garden has been a site for many significant historical events, from royal ceremonies to revolutionary gatherings. Today, it is used for: Access. The Tuileries Garden is centrally located and accessible by several Paris Métro stations, including "Tuileries" on line 1 and "Concorde" on lines 1, 8, and 12. Entry to the garden is free, and it is open year-round.
The Tuileries Palace () was a royal and imperial palace in Paris, France, located on the right bank of the Seine River, adjacent to the Louvre Museum. It was built in 1564 by Catherine de' Medici and was the main residence of many French monarchs until it was burned down during the Paris Commune in 1871. The palace's ruins were demolished in 1883. History. The Tuileries Palace was commissioned in 1564 by Queen Catherine de' Medici, widow of King Henry II of France. The palace took its name from the tile factories ("tuileries") that previously occupied the site. Catherine’s intention was to escape from the Louvre, which she associated with the tragic death of her husband.  Designed by architect Philibert de l'Orme in a French Renaissance style, the palace began as a modest structure but was greatly expanded over the centuries by subsequent rulers, including Henry IV of France, Louis XIII, Louis XIV, and Napoleon Bonaparte. During the reign of Louis XIV, the Sun King shifted the royal residence to Versailles Palace, and the Tuileries was used less frequently. However, in the 19th century, it became a key seat of political power under the Bourbon Restoration, the July Monarchy, and the Second Empire. French Revolution and Napoleonic Era. The palace played a central role in the French Revolution. After the storming of the Bastille in 1789, King Louis XVI and his family were forcibly moved from Versailles to the Tuileries, where they were held under virtual house arrest. In 1792, revolutionaries stormed the palace, leading to the imprisonment of the royal family and the eventual execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. During the Napoleonic era, the palace was extensively renovated. Napoleon Bonaparte made the Tuileries his official residence and transformed it into a symbol of imperial grandeur. The palace became the center of political and court life during the First French Empire. Destruction during the Paris Commune. In 1871, during the uprising of the Paris Commune, the Tuileries Palace was set ablaze by Communard forces to
Philibert de l'Orme (c. 1514 – January 8, 1570) was a French architect, engineer, and author, one of the greatest architects of the French Renaissance. He is known for pioneering a distinctively French style of Renaissance architecture and for his influential writings on architectural theory. He served as a royal architect to Henry II of France and worked on numerous important projects, including the Tuileries Palace and the Château d'Anet. Early life and education. Philibert de l'Orme was born around 1514 in Lyon, France, into a family of stonemasons. His early exposure to architecture and masonry came from his father, Jean de l'Orme, who was a master mason. Philibert likely began his architectural training under his father’s supervision and went on to study in Italy, where he was influenced by the classical architecture of the Italian Renaissance. Career. De l'Orme's career began in earnest after returning to France from Italy. His understanding of both French and Italian Renaissance styles allowed him to merge classical Italian elements with French design traditions. This fusion became a hallmark of his work. In 1540, he was appointed to supervise the construction of several royal projects by King Francis I of France. He later became the chief architect to Henry II of France, a position that gave him substantial influence over French architectural developments during the mid-16th century. Major works. Philibert de l'Orme's major works showcase his mastery of classical elements and his innovative architectural techniques. De l'Orme also worked on the design of several French churches, including Saint-Eustache, Paris, where his knowledge of classical proportions and Gothic tradition combined. Architectural style and influence. Philibert de l'Orme is credited with creating a unique blend of French and Italian Renaissance styles, which greatly influenced the development of architecture in France. His approach was characterized by an emphasis on classical proportions, the use of innovative structural techniques, and a mastery of decorative details. De l'Orme is also noted for his technical innovations, particularly in the use of timber construction. He introduced techniques for building lighter, more
Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino (8 June 192822 October 2024) was a Peruvian philosopher, Catholic theologian, and Dominican priest. He was thought to be one of the founders of Latin American liberation theology. He was a professor at the University of Notre Dame. He was known for his writings discussing the question: "How do we [show] the poor that God loves them?". Gutiérrez was born in Lima, Peru. In 2002, Gutiérrez was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2003, he received the Príncipe de Asturias award. Gutiérrez died on 22 October 2024 in Lima from pneumonia at the age of 96.
Sebastian Prödl (born June 21, 1987 in Graz) is a former Austrian football player. Career. Prödl started playing for SV Kirchberg and SV Feldbach. In 2002 he moved to SK Sturm Graz. He made his debut for Sturm in the Austrian Bundesliga on December 9, 2006 in the 0-1 away defeat against SV Mattersburg. Five months later he scored his first Bundesliga goal for Sturm Graz. Prödl became an integral part of Sturm Graz's central defense in the 2007/08 season . For the 2008/09 season he moved to Germany to Werder Bremen. On August 16th he made his Bundesliga debut in the away game in Bielefeld. In the last game of the first half of the season in 2008 against VfL Wolfsburg, the Austrian injured his ankle. On March 18, 2009, he scored his first competitive goal for Werder in the round of 16 of the UEFA Cup. In the Bundesliga he made 22 appearances by the end of the season. He won the 2008/09 DFB Cup with Werder Bremen, playing the full time in the final against Bayer 04 Leverkusen.  After his contract ednde, Prödl moved to FC Watford in the Premier League for the 2015/16 season. He made his debut on August 8, 2015 (1st matchday) in the 2-2 draw in the away game against Everton FC. In January 2020 he moved to Italy to Udinese Calcio in February 2020. However, he never played in Udine, partly due to injuries. After almost a season without a club, Prödl announced the end of his career in June 2022 at the age of 34.  International. Prödl made his first appearance for the senior national team on May 30, 2007 in a friendly against Scotland. Between June and July 2007 he took part in the 2007 Junior World Championships in Canada as captain of the Austrian U-20 national team.  Prödl took part in the 2008 European Championships in Austria and Switzerland. He also was included in Austria's squad at the 2016 European Football Championship in France.
Abhilash Pillai is a movie screenwriter and actor. He mostly works in the South Indian Film Industry. He is known as the screenwriter of the 2022 highest grossing Malayalam movie "Malikappuram", starring Unni Mukundan. His other notable movies include "Cadaver" starring Amala Paul, "Patham Valavu" starring Suraj Venjaramoodu and "Night Drive" starring Indrajith Sukumaran and "Night Drive" starring Roshan Mathew and Anna Ben. His works have been critically acclaimed by movie critics. "Anand Sreebala" is his upcoming movie starring "Arjun Ashokan". Early Life. Abhilash Pillai was born on 3rd January 1988 in Pathanamthitta, Kerala to Tamil orgin Malayali family. He married to Aswathy which was a love marriage. Filmography.
Pope Peter III (born Markus Josef Odermatt on 13 March 1966 in Stans, Nidwalden, Switzerland), is the 4th Pope of the Palmarian Catholic Church. He succeeded Gregory XVIII on 22 April 2016. Early life. Markus Josef Odermatt was born in Stans, Switzerland in 1966. He joined the Palmarian Catholic Church in 1985 and served as a missionary in South America. In 2011, he was appointed Secretary of State for the church. Papacy. Odermatt became the fourth pope of the Palmarian Catholic Church in 2016, taking the papal name Peter III. He succeeded Gregory XVIII, who left the church and reconciled with the Vatican. Peter III has led the church since his election.
The Wilayah Sinai or IS-SP () was a branch of ISIS that was active in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.
Arianna Schivo (born 16 September 1986) is an Italian Olympic equestrian. She was at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She was thirty-fourth place. Schivo also was at the 2015 European Eventing Championships. She was twenty-eighth place. Her father Gian Marco Schivo was in the high jump competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
The confusing poison frog ("Epipedobates maculatus") is a frog. It lives in Panama. Twenty-first-century scientists are not sure where other scientists first found this frog. They think it was in a forest. They think the tadpoles swim in water. Scientists do not know if this frog is alive or dead now. They think, if it is alive, people cutting down too many trees near its home may put it in danger.