ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Aztecs were a group of people who lived in central Mexico during the 14th to 16th centuries. They called themselves Mēxihcah. Their main city was Tenochtitlan, built on an island in Lake Texcoco. Today, Mexico City stands where Tenochtitlan once did. The Aztecs were known for their complex society, impressive architecture, and powerful empire. Arrival in the Valley of Mexico. Around 1250 AD, many city-states existed in the Valley of Mexico, such as Chalco, Xochimilco, Tlacopan, Colhuacan, and Azcapotzalco. The Mexica people, later known as the Aztecs, arrived in this area as a semi-nomadic tribe. They first settled on Chapultepec Hill but were forced to leave by the Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco. In 1299, the ruler of Colhuacan allowed them to settle in Tizaapan. After some conflicts, they moved to a small island in Lake Texcoco in 1325, where they founded Tenochtitlan. According to legend, they built their city where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus, holding a snake—a symbol now on the Flag of Mexico. Aztec Triple Alliance. In 1428, Tenochtitlan allied with Texcoco and Tlacopan, forming the Aztec Triple Alliance. This alliance became powerful, conquering many regions and collecting tribute from them. Tenochtitlan led military campaigns, expanding the empire's reach to both the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. The reign of Itzcoatl (1427–1440). Itzcoatl was the first leader of the Triple Alliance. He and his co-ruler from Texcoco, Nezahualcoyotl, expanded the empire by conquering nearby cities like Cuauhnahuac and others in the modern-day state of Morelos. Moctezuma I and Tlacaelel (1440–1469). Moctezuma I became the ruler in 1449. His half
"You Made Me the Thief of Your Heart" is a 1994 song by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor and was taken from the 1993 movie "In the Name of the Father". It went to number 42 in the United Kingdom, number 52 in Scotland, number 4 in Ireland, number 9 in the Netherlands, number 24 in New Zealand, number 19 in Finland and number 43 in Australia.
The Argentine War of Independence was a conflict from 1810 to 1818 where regions of modern-day Argentina sought freedom from Spanish rule. Background. Before the war, Argentina was part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, which also included present-day Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The capital was Buenos Aires. During this period, many government positions were held by officials sent from Spain, leading to tensions with local-born individuals, known as Criollos. Inspired by the American Revolution and French Revolution, the Criollos wanted more autonomy. Additionally, Spain's strict trade policies limited economic growth in the colonies. The Revolution. In 1810, news arrived that much of Spain had been invaded by French forces. This led to the May Revolution, where local leaders questioned the legitimacy of the Spanish-appointed viceroy, Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros. An open cabildo (a public meeting) was held, resulting in the removal of Cisneros and the establishment of the Primera Junta, the first local government not appointed by Spain. Buenos Aires then invited other cities in the viceroyalty to recognize this new government and send representatives. Armed conflict. Initial campaigns. The Primera Junta organized military campaigns to assert its authority over the entire viceroyalty. However, regions like Córdoba, Montevideo, Paraguay, and Upper Peru (now Bolivia) resisted. For example, Santiago de Liniers in Córdoba attempted to challenge Buenos Aires' authority but was defeated. In Upper Peru, royalist forces loyal to Spain also opposed the new government. Renewed offensives. After initial setbacks, patriot forces reorganized. Leaders like Manuel Belgrano and José de San Martín emerged, leading successful campaigns that shifted the momentum in favor of independence. The march towards independence. On 9 July 1816, representatives from various provinces gathered in San Miguel de Tucumán and declared independence from Spanish rule, forming the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. Army of the Andes (1814–1818). General José de San Martín formed the Army of the Andes to
"Hello America" is a 1980 song by English heavy metal band Def Leppard and was taken from their debut studio album "On Through the Night". It went to number 45 in the United Kingdom.
Bayezid II or Bayezid ibn Mehmed was the 8th sultan of the Ottoman Empire from December 3rd 1447 all the way until his abdication in 26th of May 1512 to his son Selim I. His reign is remembered for his consolidation of his power including his reaction to Spanish and Aragonese treatment of both Muslims and Jews after the fall of the Emirate of Granada resettling them in Ottoman lands Early Life. Bayezid II was born in December 3rd 1447 to Mehmed II and an albainan concubine called Gülbahar Hatun. During his childhood, his grandfather Murad II was still on the throne up until his death in 1451, when his father became the sultan. While there are some sources claiming that Bayezid was the son of Sittişah Hatun, this hasn't been fully confirmed. He was born in Demotika, Bayezid II was educated in Amasya where he later served as bey for 27 years of his life Struggle for the throne. There was a struggle for the throne between Bayezid and Cem Sultan, who claimed the throne and sought out military assistance from the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.The Ottoman Grand Vizier,Karamani Mehmed Pasha, informed the ottoman prince of the death of his father inviting Bayezid to ascend to the throne. Later he defeated Cem's armies leading him to seek protection from the Knights of St. John in Rhodes. But he was eventually handed over to Pope Innocent VIII(1484-1492) the Pope's plan was to drive the turks out of Europe but this never happened and Cem soon died in Naples Reign. Following his ascension to the Ottoman throne in 1481,he became a patron of western and eastern culture.He spent most of his tenure working hard to ensure a running of domestic politics, which soon gave him the title of 'the Just'. Though not remembered for this battles, he did put notable effort into conquering many territories including Venetian held Morea
The history of Argentina from 1946 to 1955 is mainly about the time when Juan Domingo Perón was the president. This period is often called the "Peronist era." Perón was a very important leader in Argentina, and his ideas and policies had a big impact on the country. Rise of Perón. Juan Perón first became famous as a military officer. He later joined the government and became the Minister of Labor. In this role, he worked to improve conditions for workers, which made him very popular with the working class. In 1946, Perón was elected president of Argentina. Perón's policies. As president, Perón introduced many changes. He focused on helping workers and the poor. His government increased wages, improved working conditions, and provided social benefits like healthcare and pensions. Perón also nationalized some industries, meaning the government took control of them. This included railways and utilities like electricity and gas. Perón's wife, Eva Perón (often called Evita), was also very influential. She worked to help the poor and fought for women's rights. In 1947, women in Argentina gained the right to vote, partly because of her efforts. Economic changes. Perón's government tried to make Argentina more independent by focusing on industrialization. This meant building more factories and producing goods within the country instead of relying on imports. However, this policy had mixed results. While some industries grew, the economy faced problems like inflation and shortages of goods. Political changes. Perón was very popular with many Argentinians, especially workers and the poor. However, not everyone supported him. Some people, like the wealthy elites and the military, were unhappy with his policies. Perón also had conflicts with the Catholic Church, which led to a loss of support from some religious groups. Downfall of Perón. By the early 1950s, Argentina faced economic difficulties, and Perón's popularity began to decline. In 1955, the military staged a coup (a sudden takeover of the government) and forced Perón to leave the country. He went into exile, living in other countries for many years. Legacy. Even after Perón was removed from power
The rise of the Argentine Republic refers to the period in the 19th century when Argentina became a unified and independent country. This time was marked by political struggles, wars, and efforts to build a stable nation. Here’s a simple breakdown of this important era: Background. Before becoming a republic, Argentina was part of the Spanish Empire. In 1810, the people of Argentina started the May Revolution, which began the process of gaining independence from Spain. By 1816, Argentina officially declared its independence during the Congress of Tucumán. Early struggles. After independence, Argentina faced many challenges. The country was divided between different groups with conflicting ideas about how the nation should be run. Some wanted a strong central government, while others preferred more power for the provinces. This led to a series of civil wars between Unitarians (who supported a central government) and Federalists (who wanted regional autonomy). The rule of Juan Manuel de Rosas. One of the most powerful leaders during this time was Juan Manuel de Rosas. He was a Federalist and ruled Argentina from 1829 to 1852. Rosas was a strong leader, but his rule was also harsh. He used force to maintain control and suppress his enemies. While he kept the country united, many people opposed his methods. The fall of Rosas and the Constitution. In 1852, Rosas was overthrown by a coalition of forces led by Justo José de Urquiza. After Rosas fell, Argentina began to move toward a more stable government. In 1853, the country adopted its first national constitution, which established a federal system of government. This meant power was shared between the national government and the provinces. The presidency of Bartolomé Mitre. In 1862, Bartolomé Mitre became the first president of a unified Argentina. His presidency marked the beginning of a more stable period. Mitre worked to strengthen the national government and promote economic growth. He also supported education and the development of infrastructure, like railways. The Conquest of the Desert. During this time, Argentina also expanded its territory. The Conquest of the Desert (1870s-1880s) was a military
The National Reorganization Process (Spanish: "Proceso de Reorganización Nacional") was the name used by the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. This period was marked by severe human rights abuses, economic problems, and social unrest. Background. In the 1970s, Argentina was facing many challenges. There was political instability, economic crisis, and violence between different groups, including left-wing guerrillas and right-wing paramilitary forces. On March 24, 1976, the military took control of the government in a coup d'état. They called their rule the "National Reorganization Process" and claimed they wanted to restore order and stability. The military government. The military government was led by a series of generals, including Jorge Rafael Videla, Roberto Eduardo Viola, and Leopoldo Galtieri. They dissolved the Argentine Congress, banned political parties, and took control of the media. The military claimed they were fighting against "subversion" and "communism," but they also targeted anyone who opposed them, including students, workers, and activists. The Dirty War. One of the darkest parts of this period was the Dirty War (Spanish: "Guerra Sucia"). The military government kidnapped, tortured, and killed thousands of people who they saw as threats. These victims are known as the "desaparecidos" (the disappeared) because many were never seen again. It is estimated that between 10,000 and 30,000 people were killed or disappeared during this time. The military also targeted pregnant women, taking their babies and giving them to families connected to the regime. Groups like the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo have worked for decades to find these children and bring justice to the victims. Economic problems. The military government also made big changes to the economy. They followed neoliberal policies, which included cutting government spending, reducing workers' rights, and opening the economy to foreign businesses. At first, the economy seemed to improve, but by the early 1980s, Argentina faced a severe economic crisis. Inflation soared, and many people lost their jobs. The Falklands War. In 1982, the military government tried to
Realgar/Indigo naturalis (RIF), also known as Compound Huangdai (), is a medicine used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. Effectiveness appears similar to arsenic trioxide. It is usually used with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). It is taken by mouth. Side effects may include abdominal pain and rash. It is made up of realgar (tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide), "Indigo naturalis", root of "Salvia miltiorrhiza", and root of "Pseudostellaria heterophylla". It works by breaking down the cancer protein retinoic acid receptor alpha. The main active ingredients according to NCI are tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (realgar), indirubin (from the indigo) and tanshinone IIA (from the "Salvia"). Realgar-Indigo naturalis was developed in the 1980s and officially accepted for medical use in China in 2009. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is made in China and was originally formulated as a Chinese patent medicine. It is not accepted officially in either the United States or Europe . A year of treatment costs 60,000 Chinese yuan, as of 2017. Composition. WHO data indicates that the medication is provided in units of 270 mg of the mixture, 30 mg of which is tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (As4S4). The 2004 Chinese patent for this medication indicates that it contains 12-18% realgar (; 90-95% As4S4), 25-42% "Indigo naturalis" (), 36-46% "Salvia miltiorrhiza" root (; separately water-extracted), and 12-18% "Pseudostellaria heterophylla" root (). Pharmacology. The basic action is similar to arsenic trioxide. The arsenic component triggers degradation of the PML-RARα oncoprotein, by shifting the protein out of the nucleoplasm onto the nuclear matrix. Arsenic also encourages ubiqu
Sorath was the wife of Dhaj, the founder of the Ror dynasty. She was the mother of Kunak, her husband's successor.
Since Elon Musk, the billionaire owner of Tesla and SpaceX, took over Twitter in October 2022, the social media platform has gone through many changes. Musk buys Twitter. In April 2022, Elon Musk offered to buy Twitter for $44 billion. After months of negotiations and legal battles, the deal was completed in October 2022. Musk became the owner and CEO of Twitter, and he quickly began making big changes to the company. Layoffs and resignations. One of the first things Musk did was to cut costs by laying off thousands of Twitter employees. About half of the company’s workforce was let go. Many employees resigned or were fired, including top executives. This caused concerns about how Twitter would manage its operations with fewer staff. Changes to verification. Musk introduced a new system for Twitter Blue, a paid subscription service. For $8 per month, users could get a blue checkmark, which was previously used to verify the identity of famous or important people. This change led to confusion, as some users impersonated others, including celebrities and companies, by paying for the checkmark. Content moderation. Musk has described himself as a "free speech absolutist" and promised to make Twitter a platform for open discussion. However, this led to concerns about the spread of misinformation and hate speech. Some advertisers left the platform, worried that their ads would appear next to harmful content. Musk also reinstated many banned accounts, including that of former U.S. President Donald Trump. While some people supported this move, others criticized it, saying it could lead to more abuse and misinformation. Technical issues. Under Musk’s leadership, Twitter has faced several technical problems. Users reported issues like glitches, crashes, and problems with features like two-factor authentication. Some experts blamed these issues on the large number of layoffs and resignations. Financial problems. Twitter was already struggling financially before Musk took over, and his changes have made things more difficult. Many advertisers paused their spending on the platform, and the company’s debt increased due to the $44 billion purchase. Musk has said that Twitter is losing money and needs to find new ways to make a profit. Rebranding to X. In July 2023, Musk announced that Twitter would
Ashok Chakravarti was born on August 1, 1947. He is an economist who focuses on development.  Since 1980, he has been giving advice on economic policies to governments in Africa. In 2019, Ashok became a Senior Economic Adviser for the Government of Zimbabwe. He is also a member of the Monetary Policy Committee of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, a position he has held since 2020.  Early life and education. Ashok lives in Harare, Zimbabwe. He studied economics at Oriel College, Oxford University, and published economic papers while he was a student in 1972. Over the past 20 years, he has visited Oxford University several times as a Research Fellow for his studies.  Career. In the mid-1970s, Ashok became an activist against the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in India. He wrote about his experiences as an activist in a book called "The Struggle Within: A Memoir of the Emergency." After the 1977 elections, Ashok worked in the Ministry of Industry in the Government of India. He was part of a team that did research on policies that helped to open up the Indian economy. In 1981, he joined the United Nations as an Economic Advisor, first with UNCTAD and later with UNDP in Harare. In 2004, he became the Chief of Party for a U.S. Government program aimed at helping to build the government structures in South Sudan, which was recovering from war. He worked closely with the first President of Southern Sudan, John Garang, and his successor, Salva Kiir. After returning from South Sudan, Ashok became a Senior Visiting Lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe and held that position until he joined the government in 2019.  Ashok has written many papers that have been published in international peer reviewed journals. His research mainly looks at institutional economics. He has also written two books on institutional economics book. In 2006, he wrote a book called "Aid, Institutions and Development," which was published by Edward Elgar in the U.K. In 2012, he wrote another book titled "
Jaekelopterus is an extinct genus of eurypterids from the Lower Devonian period. The two species are J. rhenaniae from the Rhineland, and J. howelli from Wyoming. Etymology. The name "Jaekelopterus" comes from the discoverer of the type species, Otto Jaekel, and Greek "pteron", meaning "wing". Description. "Jaekelopterus" is the largest sea scorpions and is possibly the largest arthropod to have ever existed, this is based on a chelicera that is 36.4 cm long. Characteristics. This sea scorpion is similar to other types of pterygotid in its morphology, distinguished by a triangular telson. Visual system. Both "Jaekelopterus rhenaniae" and "Pterygotus anglicus" have high visual acuity, and this is suggested by the low IOA and that they have many lenses in their compound eyes. Classification. Discovery. "Jaekelopterus" was discovered by Otto Jaekel in 1914 as a "Pterygotus" species. However, in 1964, British paleontologist Charles D. Waterston decided to make the genus "Jaekelopterus" because the abdominal appendages were segmented as opposed to those of "Pterygotus".
"Sticks and Stones" is an English-language children's rhyme. The rhyme is used as a defense against name-calling and verbal bullying. The full rhyme is usually a variant of: &lt;poem&gt;Sticks and stones may break my bones But words shall never hurt me.&lt;/poem&gt; "Sticks and Stones" has been used as the title for many albums and songs and the rhyme's lyrics have also appeared in many songs, either in its usual form or with altered lyrics.
The Merida rocket frog ("Aromobates meridensis") is a frog. It lives in Sierra de la Culata in Mérida, Venezuela. Home. This frog is awake during the day. It lives near streams high in cloud forests in the Andes mountains. These streams are narrow with many plants where they meet the ground. Scientists saw the frog between 1800 and 3300 meters above sea level. Scientists saw the frog in Protective Zone of the Capaz River and the place where the frog lives is near La Culata National Park. Young. The female frog lays her eggs on dead leaves on the ground. The male frog watches the eggs. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to pools near the streams. Danger. Scientists say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. Human beings change the places where the frog lives to make farms and places for people to raise animals. Scientists believe the fungus "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis" could give the frogs the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. They also think climate change and ultraviolet light could hurt the frogs, eggs, and tadpoles.
Nendoroid (ねんどろいど) is a series of Japanese collectible mini figurines that were initially introduced by Good Smile Company in 2006, they mostly depict characters from anime, manga or videogames and are specifically designed to look cute. History. The first ever Nendoroid to be sold was Nendoroid Neco Arc, inspired by the character of the same name (without "Nendoroid") from the 2000 adult visual novel game, "Tsukihime," which was released for Wonder Festival in 2006. The name Nendoroid originates from the Japanese word "Nendo" (粘土), which is the Japanese word for clay, due to the prototypes of every figure being sometimes made out of synthetic plastics and other soft materials similar of that to clay the series is worked on by different people under the collective name, "Nendoron" but was originally created by Tsuyoshi Oda (who also goes by Oda-P.) Reception. by March of 2009, Nendoroid had already sold over 1 million copies and it's spin-off, Nendoroid Petit had sold 3 million copies, and by 2010, there were 100 different Nendoroids. in May 2013, Good Smile Company released the 300th product in the Nendoroid line, named Hatsune Miku 2.0, which was a improved version of the previous best-selling Nendoroid, Hatsune Miku.
Survivor Series (1998) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on November 15, 1998, at the Kiel Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the 12th Survivor Series event held by the WWF. The show featured a 14-man "Deadly Game" tournament for the vacant WWF Championship. It was the first tournament held with the title on the line after ten years, the last being at WrestleMania IV. In the end, The Rock defeated Mankind to win the title for the first time because of another screwjob by WWF Chairman Mr. McMahon. Earlier, McMahon's son Shane helped Mankind advance to the finals and screwed fan favorite Stone Cold Steve Austin. The event was also the first Survivor Series not to feature any traditional Survivor Series matches.