ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Terracotta, sometimes spelled terra cortta, is a red clay-based baked ceramic, usually unglazed.  Its uses include vessels, water and waste water pipes and surface embellishment in building construction, along with sculpture such as the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines. The term is also used to refer to items made out of this material and to its natural, brownish orange color, which varies considerably.  Production and properties. Clay is partially dried and cast, molded, or hand worked into the desired shape. After thorough drying, it is placed in a kiln, or atop combustible material in a pit, and then fired.  After pit firing the hot ware is covered with sand to cool, and after kiln firing the kiln is slowly cooled. When unglazed, the material will not be waterproof, but it is suitable for in-ground use to carry pressurized water (an archaic use), for garden ware, and sculpture or building decoration in tropical environments, and for oil containers, oil lamps, or ovens. Most other uses such as for table ware, sanitary piping, or building decoration in freezing environments require that the material be glazed. Terracotta, if uncracked, will ring if lightly struck, but not as brightly as will ware fired at higher temperature, which is called stoneware. The fired material is weak compared to stoneware. Some types of terracotta are created from clay that includes recycled terracotta ("grog"). The unglazed color after firing can vary widely, but most common clays contain enough iron to cause an orange, orangish red, or brownish orange color, with this range including various colors described as "terracotta". Other colors include yellow, gray, and pink.
The Yo-yo effect means people quickly gaining weight after a diet. Other words for this activity are yo-yo dieting or weight cycling. People's weight can move down and back up like a yo-yo when they follow several diets one after another. A person's weight after the diet is often higher than it was before dieting. The Steps. The steps to the weight cycle are normal eating, weight gain, diet, metabolism slow-down, and end of the diet. But they repeat again and that’s the Yo-Yo effect. For example, Sherman Morrison talks about someone on the website healevate.com, saying, “In the 1990’s she got up to 237 pounds, dropped it back down to 160 in the early 2000’s, but then crept back up over 200. Recently, however, she shed 30 pounds using Weight Watchers.” Which means she first gained weight, then she lost weight, and finally she gained it back. Basically, Morrison is describing that the Yo-Yo effect is gaining and losing weight over and over again. Causes. The body needs less energy after losing weight on a diet. People have less fatty tissue and often less muscle after the diet. Muscle tissue needs more energy than fatty tissue. Reducing the amount of muscle tissue therefore reduces the need for energy. Also, limit the number of calories people take in. At some point, a dieter's body will change the way it uses energy if there are less calories to burn. The body does this to make sure it survives when less food is available. These changes in the body cause people to gain weight rapidly when they stop dieting and return to their old eating habits. Avoiding It. People can avoid the yo-yo effect by changing their diet. If a diet works without the body switching to a more efficient way of using calories, there will be no yo-yo effect. A diet should change the dieter's eating habits for a long time. New eating habits should not give the body more energy than it needs. At the end of the diet, it also makes sense to raise the number of calories someone eats slowly. Exercise and sports can increase the amount of calories burned by the body rather than turned into fat.
A mechanical wave requires a medium. Sound waves, waves in a Slinky, and pressure waves are all examples of this phenomenon. Sound waves need a physical medium in order to exist; the Slinky waves need the Slinky, and the waves in the ocean need the water. Like all waves, they have a frequency, period, wavelength and amplitude. Mechanical waves are a local oscillation of material. Only the energy propagates; the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position; the wave travels by jumping from one particle of the transmission medium to another. Therefore, mechanical waves transport energy and not material.
Mother Mary Angelica of the Annunciation (Rita Antoinette Rizzo; April 20, 1923 – March 27, 2016) was an American Catholic nun. She created the Eternal Word Television Network (ETWN). It is a very popular television channel for Catholics. Mother Angelica died on March 27, 2016, Easter Sunday, from complications of a stroke at her home in Hanceville, Alabama, aged 92.
Futurism was a modern art and social movement which originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, theatre, movies, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and even gastronomy. Futurism in Italy 1909–1916. The founder of Futurism and its most influential personality was the Italian writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Marinetti launched the movement in his "Futurist Manifesto", which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909 in "La gazzetta dell'Emilia". This article was reprinted in the French daily newspaper "Le Figaro" on 20 February 1909. Marinetti was soon joined by the painters Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini and the composer Luigi Russolo. Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition. "We want no part of it, the past", he wrote, "we the young and strong "Futurists!"" The Futurists admired speed, technology, youth and violence, the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the technological triumph of humanity over nature, and they were passionate nationalists. They repudiated the cult of the past and all imitation, praised originality, "however daring, however violent", bore proudly "the smear of madness", dismissed art critics as useless, rebelled against harmony and good taste, swept away all the themes and subjects of all previous art, and gloried in science. Publishing manifestos was a feature of Futurism, and the Futurists (usually led or prompted by Marinetti) wrote them on many topics, including painting, architecture, religion, clothing and cooking. The founding manifesto did not contain a positive artistic programme. The Futurists attempted to create it in their subsequent "Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting". This committed them to a "
The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols is a form of church service used at Christmas in the Anglican Church. There are nine lessons (readings) and between each reading there is a carol sung, either by the choir on its own or by the whole congregation. The story is told from the beginning of the Bible in which Adam disobeys God, to the coming of the baby Jesus. The form of the service was started by Edward White Benson who was Bishop of Truro in Cornwall, for use on Christmas Eve (24 December) 1880. The service is now used by other churches all over the world, not just in Anglican churches, but also in some Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches. In the UK, the service has become the standard form for schools' Christmas carol services. The best-known Nine Lessons and Carols service is the one held in King's College, Cambridge every Christmas. The choir carols are sung by the famous Choir. This service has been broadcast by the BBC for more than half a century. Service at King's College, Cambridge. The first Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at King's College, Cambridge, was held on Christmas Eve in 1918. The music at the first service was directed by Arthur Henry Mann, who was the organist from 1876 to 1929. The choir had 16 trebles which was the number that Henry VI said there must be when he founded the college. Until 1927 the men in the choir were choral scholars and lay clerks. Today, 14 undergraduates from the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, sing the men's parts. The service was first broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1928 and, except for 1930, has been broadcast every year since, even throughout World War II in spite of the stained glass having been removed from the Chapel and the lack of heating. The service is slightly different today: not all the readings are from the Bible. Most of the carols are sung by the choir. There are generally more than nine carols. The service starts with the famous carol "Once in Royal David's City". Verse one is always sung as an un
The word bearing can mean: The word may be used in less frequent contexts than these examples. If in doubt, check in a good dictionary.
Pope Innocent III (; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 177th Pope from 1198 until his death in 1216. Early life. Lotario di Conti was born at Anagni in central Italy. His father was Count Trasimund of Segni who was a member of the Conti family. During the short reigns of Pope Lucius III, Pope Urban III, Pope Gregory VIII, and Pope Clement III, he served in the church bureaucracy. Cardinal. In 1190, Clement III raised him to the rank of Cardinal. Pope. Cardinal Segni was unanimously elected pope on January 8, 1198; and he took the name of Innocent III. Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes. Pope Innocent promoted the theory that the spiritual power of the church was greater than than any king or emperor. Innocent was the first pope to form a Papal state. Crusades. Innocent III was responsible for starting the Fourth Crusade, the Albigensian Crusade, and the Fifth Crusade. Lateran Council. In 1215, Innocent brought together the church's bishops and cardinals in a meeting called the Fourth Lateran Council.
FLOPS is an acronym for "floating point operations per second". The FLOPS is a measure of a computer's performance, especially in the fields of calculations that make heavy use of floating point calculations. It is like the older measure of instructions per second.
The white-tailed deer ("Odocoileus virginianus"), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a type of deer that is found throughout most of North America, and only some in South America. The white-tailed deer were also brought over to Europe and New Zealand. The white-tailed deer is normally between around 57 and 137 kilograms (125 to 301 pounds) in weight. Its body is between 160 and 220 centimeters (63 to 86 inches) long. It is mostly colored brown, but can also be greyish in winter and reddish in summer. Male white-tailed deer have large antlers. These fall off in the winter. The white-tailed deer mostly lives between two and three years long. Sometimes, though, they will live for more than ten years.  This type of deer is quite shy. When they are scared, they run very fast, and wave their tails. They mostly stay alone and in the same location throughout the year. During the autumn, the deer engage in mating. They mostly eat vegetation like tree leaves or smaller plants. The deer feed mostly during the morning and evening. Predators of the white-tailed deer include wolves, coyotes, bears and mountain lions, as well as humans.
A jigsaw puzzle is a puzzle with pieces in it. Most people think it is harder than normal puzzles. It is usually used as children's toy. Variations. Jigsaw puzzles come in many variations, for example they can vary in number of pieces. Standard puzzles contain from 300 to 1000 pieces. The largest commercially sold puzzle had 32,256 pieces. Versions designed for children come in great variety of puzzle piece sizes. Some puzzles are made double-sided so they contain 2 different puzzles on each side.  There are also 3D jigsaw puzzles. Most of them are made of wood or styrofoam. There are many jigsaw games available for computers and mobile devices too. Computers have the advantage of interactivity, for example some companies offer you to make custom puzzles based on your photo sent to them. There is also the last type of a jigsaw puzzle, it is considered a 3D puzzle but made from a 2D pieces. After you assemble pieces in 2D, you bend and adjust the whole creation to make to 3D model.
Googie is the term given to a type of architecture and art in the United States in the 20th century. It is also called Doo Wop, Atomic age, or populuxe. It was very futuristic, echoing themes of the 1950s as a whole. Some of Googie architecture was based on what spaceships look like. It started in California soon after World War II and spread to the rest of the United States in the 1950s. Many of the buildings built in the Googie style were coffee shops, bowling alleys and motels.  Here are a few famous Googie buildings:
Sharecropping is a term for when one person farms another person's land, and then the two share what is produced. Sharecroppers are almost always poor, and are often in debt to landowners or other people. Sharecropping was very common in the Southern United States after the American Civil War and the end of slavery. At that time, many African Americans sharecropped on the land that they had once farmed as slaves. Sharecropping was part of the system of "Jim Crow", which kept blacks poor and not really citizens. Sharecropping became more common in the Southern United States when slavery was abolished. During the 20th century it became rare.
This is a list of the presidents of South Korea. Since the creation of the Government of the Republic of Korea which is commonly known as South Korea in 1948, twelve people have served nineteen terms as President of South Korea. The president is the country's head of state as well as its head of government. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.
The President of the Republic of Korea is the head of state, leader of the executive of the South Korean government and the commander-in-chief of the South Korean Armed Forces The president is directly elected by the people to a five-year term, with no possibility of re-election. While in office, the chief executive lives in Cheong Wa Dae (the "Blue House"). If the National Assembly votes against a presidential decision, it will be declared void immediately. Powers and duties of the president. The president is required to: Living former presidents. As of , three former presidents are alive: The longest-lived President was Yun Bo-seon, who died on July 18, 1990 (at the age of ). The most recent President to die was Chun Doo-hwan, who died on November 23, 2021. References. List of rules of South Korea
Normal force is the force that the ground (or any surface) pushes back up with; if there was no normal force, you would fall into the ground. The normal force on a object is always perpendicular (at a right angle) to the surface the object is on. On a flat surface, the normal force of an object is formula_1 (the object's weight, that is its mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity). On an inclined plane, the normal force is reduced by the angle, and the normal force is formula_2. Note that on a flat surface, formula_3 (the angle) would be 0, and so formula_4 would be 1. Thus, the two equations are equal.
Grades are a teacher's evaluation of a student's performance. They are often letters (e.g. A, B, C, D, F,) or numbers (e.g. 1-10.), although in some countries they do not use either of these systems. Letter grades are most commonly used in the United States and some others. The grades D or C are usually enough to pass. Grades can also be on a number scale. Typically a midpoint score is a pass. Sometimes the numbers can go in descending order to indicate better performance. A "Grade Point Average", or GPA, takes the grade(s) of a student and assigns point values to them. These points are added up and divided to calculate the GPA. Simple grades can be found with this formula: formula_1 The grade is the answer to that formula turned into a percent. This is the type of grading the United States commonly uses.:
Elaphrosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived during the Upper Jurassic period, about 150 million years ago. It was 15 feet long, and weighed 450 pounds.  "Elaphrosaurus" was a slender, fast, and agile predator that probably preyed on small ornithopods, such as "Dryosaurus".  The type specimen was found in the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania. It was a nearly complete skeleton, but unfortunately, it lacked a skull. Since its body was similar to ornithomimids, it was originally thought to be the earliest ornithomimid. However, later studies showed that it is actually a ceratosaur. There is one named species, "Elaphrosaurus bambergi". Remains very similar to it have also been found in the Morrison Formation in the western United States. These may possibly belong to "Elaphrosaurus", indicating that this dinosaur had a wider range than previously thought.
The United States Numbered Highways (also known as U.S. Highways) is a national system of roads in the United States. These roads connect to places across the country. Some of the roads are freeways, which means cars must use ramps in order to get on or off the road, but others are surface roads. Many U.S. Highways, such as U.S. Route 66, have had their numbers removed because of the creation of the Interstate Highway System. Numbering. U.S. highways have a special way to figure out their numbers. The main U.S. Highways usually have numbers with 1 or 2 digits. An exception is U.S. Route 101, which is a 3-digit route that is treated like a 2-digit route with a first digit of "10". U.S. Highways that run east/west are even numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, or 0), and north/south U.S. Highways are odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, or 9). For east/west U.S. Highways, the small numbers are in the north and the big numbers are in the south. For north/south U.S. Highways, the small numbers are in the east and the big numbers are in the west. The important east/west U.S. Highways usually have numbers ending in "0" and the important north/south U.S. Highways have numbers ending in "1". Many of the routes ending in "0" or "1" used to go across the country, but no longer do because of the Interstate Highway System. Three-digit U.S. Highways. U.S. Highways that have 3-digit numbers are spurs of a 1 or 2 digit highway. For example, U.S. Route 201 is a spur of U.S. Route 1. Exceptions. U.S. Route 2 is considered a major U.S. Highway even though it does not end in "0". U.S. Route 163, U.S. Route 400, U.S. Route 412, and U.S. Route
Indentured servitude is a form of labor. A person would agree to work for another person for a given length of time, usually without being paid much. The contract was called "indenture". It was common between the 16th and the 18th century. People could enter the contract voluntarily, for example to repay debt. Sometimes, courts imposed indentured servitude as a form of punishment.  It was common for apprenticeships: An apprentice agreed to work for free for a master tradesman to learn a trade.  An indentured servant was a worker in a contract with an employer for a certain length of time. Usually a laborer or craftsman would have to work three to seven years in exchange for the cost of transportation across the ocean, food, clothing, land, a place to live and other things they needed to live or work during their contract. This kind of contract was called "indenture." Indentures were quite common in Colonial America in the 17th and 18th centuries. Indentured servants were different from slaves in that their captivity was temporary. Like any loan, an indenture could be sold; most employers had to depend on middlemen to recruit and transport the workers, so indentures (indentured workers) were commonly bought and sold when they arrived at their destinations. Like prices of slaves, their price went up or down depending on supply and demand. When the indenture (loan) was paid off, the worker was free. Sometimes they might be given a plot of land. This type of contract has been common throughout world history in different forms. Usually, the worker became an indentured servant by choice. Restrictions. There were also some restrictions. Indentured servants were not allowed to marry without the consent of their master. They would be physically punished, like many servants. They were also required to work, an obligation enforced by courts. Female indentured servants in particular might be raped and/or sexually abused by their masters. To make sure that they really worked for the time that was in their contract, a female sevant who became pregnant had her contract lengthened by two years.  Unlike slaves, servants were guaranteed to be eventually released from bondage. At
The National Organization for Women (NOW) is the largest feminist organization in the United States. It was founded by Betty Friedan in 1966. About half a million people are members. It was one of the groups that wanted the Equal Rights Amendment and other ways to make women equal to men. Presidents. The following women have led the National Organization for Women; Opposition to equal rights. The National Organization for Women has opposed tries to make men and women equal in the law. One of the biggest things they have opposed is shared parenting.
Toxicofera (Greek or Latin for "those who carry toxins"), is a hypothetical clade of living Squamata (lizards and snakes). It includes about 4600 living species. This is all venomous reptile species, plus related non-venomous species. The clade was identified when research showed that the evolution of venom was very ancient, and that it might have occurred only once. Cladistics. The Toxicofera combines the following groups from traditional classification:
Balaur is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in southern Europe during the Upper Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago.  The specimen is unique: unlike most other dromaeosaurs, it had "two" sickle claws on each foot, not just one. It had a reduced and presumably nonfunctional third finger, consisting of only one rudimentary phalanx. The specimen was discovered in 2010. "Balaur" lived on a large prehistoric island called Hateg Island. Seventy million years ago, sea levels were much higher than they are today. Europe was an archipelago of islands.  Possibly because it was relatively isolated from other dinosaurs, "Balaur" developed unique features. It was a small . This is an example of island dwarfism. There is one known species, "Balaur bondoc". "Balaur" was a velociraptorine. Studies have shown that it is most closely related to the famous Asian dromaeosaurid "Velociraptor".
A letter is a physical, written message that one person sends to another person (or group of people), often by mail.  Ancient rulers of nations were probably the first people to send and receive letters. The practice of letter-writing eventually spread to include those who were not leaders of nations. Since the late 20th century, letter-writing has decreased because new forms of electronic communication have been created, including computers and telephones. However, many people still send letters, such as for business purposes.  Since the late 20th century, scholars have begun to spend more time studying the practice of letter-writing academically.
Tobolsk is part of the Tyumen Oblast in Russia. It is near many rivers. It is one of the few towns in Russia that have stone fortresses, known as kremlins. According to the census in 2021, 100,352 people live inside it. Its economy depends mostly on its oil. In February 1917, Nicholas II abdicated the throne, and his family, including his youngest daughter Anastasia, were moved to Tobolsk.