ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
In biology, a type is a specimen, or example, of a specific living thing or taxon, which is a group of specific living things. For example, if a scientist catches one frog that is not any species of frog that scientists already know, then that frog is the "type" of a new species of frog. That species will have a new scientific name. In older English writings from before 1900, plant scientists used the word "type" for groups of living things instead of specimens. A taxon is a group of living things with a scientific name. Taxons can be small or large. A species is a taxon. A genus is a taxon. A kingdom is a taxon. Taxons are based on published papers with lots of information in them and on type material. Scientists show the type material to other scientists so they can study it. They usually do this by putting the material in museums' research collections. Type specimen. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) make rules for type specimens. In these rules, the scientific name of every taxon is almost always based on just one "specimen". Types are usually specimens that are kept in a museum or herbarium research collection. These types are usually whole organisms in a preservative, for example alcohol. Sometimes they are just pictures of the organisms. Describing species and appointing type specimens is part of scientific nomenclature and alpha taxonomy. Depending on the naming code for the organism, a type can be a specimen, a culture, a drawn picture, or (for bacteria) a description. For example, in the research collection of the Natural History Museum in London, there is a bird specimen numbered 1886.6.24.20. This is the specimen for the spotted harrier, "Circus assimilis". This specimen is the holotype for that species; the name "Circus assimilis" is, by definition, the species of that particular specimen. Scientists do not need to make sure that the specimen they use as a type is a "typical" individual
The term type species is used in the scientific naming of living things, and is part of a system using a so-called "type". The type system is central to the scientific naming of living things (organisms). How exactly it works is different depending on exactly what living thing is considered, but in a very general (and imprecise) sense it may be said that it fixes each name "to a particular specimen", the type specimen. This helps in finding out what particular name is to be used for a particular living thing (or a group of living things, a taxon). There are international Codes of nomenclature which set out exactly how types are to be designated and used. For animals, the type species of a genus (or subgenus) is the type of that genus (or subgenus). The species (hopefully) has a specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) as its type, so the type species is the link between a genus (or subgenus) and a type specimen. For algae, fungi and plants, it is different: the type species of a genus is the species that has the same type (specimen or illustration) as the genus. For example, "Malus sylvestris", the European Wild Apple, is the type species of the genus "Malus". Thus, for algae, fungi and plants, a type species plays no great role; it is not an official term, but only a term of convenience.
In archaeology, a type site (or type-site, or typesite) is a site that is typical of a particular archaeological culture. A type site contains artifacts which are typical of that culture. Type sites are often the first or foundational site discovered about the culture they represent.  For example, the type site of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture is Jericho, in the West Bank. The type site of the pre-celtic/Celtic Bronze Age Hallstatt culture is the lakeside village of Hallstatt, Austria. In geology the term is used similarly for a site considered to be typical of a particular rock formation, etc. The use of this term is similar to that of the type specimen in biology.
A sportsperson, also known as sportsmen or sportswomen, is a person who is involved in sports. It may mean someone who is known for the promotion of sport or athletic activities.  A sportsperson can be a man or a woman who is person trained to compete or interested in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance. A sportsman is a player in a sport; but the term also means someone who plays sport in a way that shows respect and fairness towards the opposing player or team.  The term sportsman can also be used to describe a former competitor who continues to promote the sport in later years. For example, Tsunekazu Takeda is a sportsman who competed in two Summer Olympic Games and who was the President of the Japanese Olympic Committee before he was elected to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2012.  Sportspeople may be professionals or amateurs. Sportsmen and sportswomen often have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen, but term is also used more broadly. For example, Hou Yifan was honored in 2011, as the best sportsperson of the year in a non-Olympic event. The term athlete may be used as a synonym for sportspeople in general, but the word has strong connotations of people who compete in team sports, as contrasted with other sporting types such as horse riding and driving. For example, a fisherman may be called a sportsman, but not an athlete. In British English (as well as other variants in the Commonwealth) athlete can also have a more specific meaning of people who compete in traditional athletics (track and field) events. Olympic games. The term "World's Greatest Athlete" was first to describe the sportsman Jim Thorpe in the 1912 Summer Olympics at Stockholm in Sweden. Thorpe won the gold medal in the decathlon. When King Gustav V of Sweden awarded Thorpe, he said, "You, sir, are the greatest athlete in the world."  The title of "World's Greatest Athlete" traditionally belongs to the world's top competitor in the decathlon (males) and heptathlon (females) in track and field. These competitions require an sportsman to possess the whole spectrum of athletic ability in order to be successful including speed, strength, coordination, jumping ability, and endurance.
Salt-n-Pepa are an American hip hop trio. They started in New York City in 1985. Among their hit singles are "None of Your Business", "Whatta Man", "Push It" and "You Showed Me". The group have gone through several lineup changes since their starting. They released their first album "Hot, Cool &amp; Vicious" in 1986. "None of Your Business" won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 1995.
is a sportswoman. She is best known as a archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games. Career. Kanie was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics. This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.
is a female Japanese sportswoman. She is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games. Career. Kawanaka was part of a team which won the bronze medal in women's archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics. This was Japan's first Olympic medal in any team archery event.
is a Japanese gymnast. He is the son of Hiroyuki Kato who is the Olympic team coach for gymnastics. Career. Kato was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Nestor Gastón Carbonell (born December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York) is an American television and movie actor. He is known for playing Richard Alpert in "Lost", and for playing Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's "The Dark Knight" (2008) and in "The Dark Knight Rises" (2012). He is also known for his role in "Suddenly Susan", and as Batmanuel in "The Tick". Carbonell was born on December 1, 1967 in New York City, New York to a Spanish family. Carbonell was educated at Harvard University. He has been married to Shannon Kenny since 2001. They have two children together.
is a Japanese sportsman. He is best known as a gymnast. Career. Tanaka was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Sportsmanship is traditional value in sports and competition. It means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity. Sportsmanship is generally understood to include The ideal of sportsmanship argues that "it doesn't matter whether you win or lose, but how you play the game". Sportsmanship can be different depending on the game itself or the culture of the group. For example, in the sport of cricket, a player will sometimes acknowledge that he is out by walking off the field, even though the umpires (game officials) had thought that he was not out. In another example, a tennis player who sees a ball go in but is called out by the linesperson could concede the point or suggest the opponent make a challenge, as was the case with professional tennis player Jack Sock on at least two occasions. Olympic Games. In the context of the Olympic Games, athletes are expected to do their best. Otherwise, they would go against the Olympic motto of "Faster, Higher, Stronger". Select examples of bad sportsmanship. In the London Olympics, some athletes attempted to lose their badminton matches, including
In computing, multi-touch is the name for a piece of technology that lets you use a trackpad or touchscreen by pressing on more than one place on the screen at one time. This often lets you do things that you could not do by other ways, such as pinch to zoom. One of the first products to have multi-touch was the iPhone. Its iOS operating system was meant to be used using gestures such as tapping, pinching, spreading, rotating, and more. At the time, Apple, the company who made the iPhone, tried to register the word "multi-touch" as a trademark, but they could not do so as the term became used by everyone else. Today, multi-touch can be found on many electronic devices with touchscreens, such as smartphones, tablet computers, and even some PCs.
The Iberian lynx ("Lynx pardinus") is a feline. It is similar to other versions of the genus "Lynx". The Iberian lynx has almost no threats except man, but it is almost extinct. It is the most endangered cat species in the world. Iberian lynx hunt rabbits. One of the strategies aimed at saving the species is to change the use of land in such a way that it becomes more attractive to rabbits, which can then be hunted by the lynx. This strategy also benefits other endangered species, such as the Spanish imperial eagle. In 2014, the Iberian lynx is treated as a species inside the famly of lynx by many biologists, mainly because of its independent development on the Iberian peninsula. This has not always been the case: Beforehand, it was seen as a subspecies of the Eurasian Lynx. In June 2024, the International Union for Conservation of Nature announced that the Iberian lynx had moved from endangered to vulnerable status for the first time since 1986, after the 2023 census showed a population of 2,021 specimens. Breeding programs. In 2002, the Jerez Zoo confirmed it had three females and was developing a plan for a captive breeding program. One of those females was Saliega, captured as a cub in April 2002. She became the first Iberian lynx to breed in captivity, giving birth to three healthy kittens on March 29, 2005 at the El Acebuche Breeding Center, in the Doñana Nature Park in Huelva, Spain. Over the following years, the number of births grew and additional breeding centers were opened. In March 2009, it was reported that 27 cubs had been born since the beginning of the program. In 2009, the Spanish government planned to build a €5.5 million breeding center in Zarza de Granadilla. Portugal established a breeding center in Silves. There were 14 surviving cubs in 2008 and 15 in 2009. In 2010, intense rain and health issues
Susan Kay "Suzy" Bogguss (born December 30, 1956 in Illinois), is an American country and folk singer and musician. She was popular in the 1980s and 1990s. During that time she had one platinum record, three gold records and six top ten songs. She last appeared on "Billboard" Hot Country Singles Chart around 2001. She has continued to record albums and songs in the country and rock areas. At the 1992 Country Music Association Awards, Bogguss won the Horizon Award.
Vivica Anjanetta Fox (born July 30, 1964 in South Bend, Indiana) is an American movie and television producer and actress.  Fox' breakthrough came in 1996, with roles in two box-office hit films, Roland Emmerich's "Independence Day" and F. Gary Gray's "Set It Off". She later starred in films "Booty Call" (1997), "Soul Food" (1997), "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (1998), "Kingdom Come" (2001), "Two Can Play That Game" (2001), and "Boat Trip" (2002). Fox played Vernita Green in" Kill Bill", and played supporting parts in films like "Ella Enchanted" (2004). Fox has appeared in numerous television shows, including Empire and The Young and the Restless.
"Stardust" is an American popular song It was composed in 1927 by Hoagy Carmichael. In 1929, Mitchell Parish added lyrics. At first, the song was called "Star Dust". Carmichael was the first person to record the song. He recorded it at the Gennett Records studio in Richmond, Indiana. The song is "a song about a song about love". Many musicians recorded this song. Artie Shaw recorded it with his big band.
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is a Democratic Party member.  He held office with the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009. Before that, he was Governor of Vermont (1991 to 2003). Dean ran, without success, for United States President during 2004. However, the "Dean Scream", which happened during a campaign rally, ruined his chances.
Michael "Mike" Kellogg (September 27, 1941 – June 25, 2023) was a senior announcer with Moody Radio and host for "Music Through the Night". Early life. Kellogg was born in Cedarville, Ohio. He was later educated at Cedarville College in Cedarville, Ohio. Kellogg moved to Chicago, Illinois. Career. Kellogg first wanted to be a writer who later got a job for a newspaper company at a young age, and was later writing for the broadcasting company in Chicago. Kellogg began his career in the late 1980s when "Music Through the Night" was also created. In late 1982 Kellogg was hired to be host of "Music Through the Night". Kellogg now speaks to the late-night listener, presenting a relaxed yet relaxed direct message of the fullness of a life of religion. Besides "Music Through the Night", Kellogg can also be heard in a two minute radio program "Today in the World". Awards. In 1980, Kellogg was given the Religion in Media Award for his dramatic role in the radio for "Treasures in the Snow". Personal life. He was married to Nancy Kellogg whom he had six children, and ten grandchildren. Kellogg lived in Valparaiso, Indiana. Kellogg is an educator of religion. Kellogg died in Valparaiso on June 25, 2023, at the age of 81.
Theresa Russell (born March 20, 1957 in San Diego) is an American actress. She has done many movies. Some of the better-known ones are "The Last Tycoon" (1976), "Black Widow" (1987) and "Spider-Man 3" (2007). Russell was married to British movie director Nicolas Roeg (born 1928) from 1982 until they divorced.
"Call Me Maybe" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen. It is the first song on her EP "Curiosity" (2012). It is the third song on her second album "Kiss" (2012). The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre (style of music) was changed to pop after the production by Josh Ramsay. It was released as the first single from the EP on 20 September 2011, through 604 Records. Jepsen was later signed to Schoolboy Records and the song was released in the United States. Call Me Maybe is about love at first sight. "Call Me Maybe" reached number one on the charts in Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It reached the top three in Austria, Belgium (Flanders &amp; Wallonia), Germany, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. "Call Me Maybe" made Carly Rae Jepsen the fifth Canadian artist to reach number one on the Canadian Hot 100 since 2007. In the United States, "Call Me Maybe" is the first number one by a female Canadian artist on the Billboard Hot 100 chart since "Girlfriend" by Avril Lavigne in 2007. "Call Me Maybe"'s music video was directed by Ben Knechtel. In the video, Carly Rae Jepsen wants the attention of an attractive boy. At the end of the video, the boy is revealed to be attracted to a male band member. To promote the song, Carly Rae Jepsen sang it on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show. "This was Carly Rae Jepsen's first time on US television. Jepsen also sang the song at the 2012 "Billboard" Music Awards. "Call Me Maybe" has been covered by many singers including Kelly Clarkson, Fun, Big Time Rush, Lil Wayne and Cody Simpson. "Call Me Maybe" has been parodied by Cookie Monster
Lismore is a town in northeastern New South Wales, Australia and is in the Aboriginal Bundjalung Nation. It is on the Bruxner Highway, and the state capital city of New South Wales, Sydney is to the south by highway. The state capital city of Queensland is north. Southern Cross University is based in Lismore, so there are a lot of students from around the state and country. There are six high schools and three primary schools as well a school which has students from Kindergarten all the way through to Year 12.
Mary Ann Mobley (February 17, 1939 – December 9, 2014) was an American television and movie actress. She appeared in the sitcoms "Designing Women" and "Diff'rent Strokes", and in other television programs. She was Miss America 1959. She was married to actor Gary Collins until his death in 2012. Mobley died at her home in Beverly Hills, California from breast cancer, aged 75.
MiG-27 Flogger is a Soviet ground-attack aircraft. It first entered the Soviet Air Force in 1975. This plane's design is similar to the MiG-23. The MiG-27 was mostly used in the Soviet Union and it successor states. The Indian Air Force used the aircraft from 1984-2019 under a technology transfer agreement with the Soviet Union. Today, the Kazakh Air Force is the only remaining user of the MiG-27.
The mule deer ("Odocileus hemionus") is a species of deer. They are sometimes called black-tailed deer. They live in western North America. Their name was given to them because of their mule-like ears. There are many subspecies, including the black-tailed deer. Unlike the white-tailed deer, mule deer lives on land west of the Missouri River. They also live in the Rocky Mountains region of North America. Mule deer have been introduced to Argentina. The mule deer's favorite food is new plants that grow in the spring. They eat a large number of their yearly calories during spring feeding. Because spring comes later in colder places, the mule deer move from warmer to colder places so they spend the most where there are spring plants to eat. Scientists call this "green wave surfing." According to scientists from the University of Wyoming, by migrating, mule deer can eat spring plants for 120 days in a year with lots of rain and 60 days in a year with very little rain. The deer are very good at figuring out where the spring growth will be and when it will be there, even when it is different from the last year. The scientists also say that climate change is putting the deer in danger by causing more years with very little rain.
Haitian Creole is a type of Creole language spoken by about 13 million people, mostly Haitians and the Haitian diaspora. Most of its vocabulary is derived from French. This language is called Kreyòl Ayisien by those who speak it. Origins. The language started in Haiti by contact between the white colonizers, who spoke French, and the black people they enslaved, who spoke African languages. The African influences in Haitian Creole can be noticed in the sound, syntax, and vocabulary. In Haiti, the upper classes have often disrespected Haitian Creole even though they speak it, but the language has recently started to become more accepted. There are more books in Haitian Creole, and it was finally acknowledged in Haiti's constitution in 1987.
The mountain goat ("Oreamnos americanus") is a species of goats. They are also known as the Rocky Mountain goat. They live in North America. They are part of the genus "Oreamnos". They like to live on high elevations. Mountain goats are great at climbing, and will rest on rocky cliffs. They do this so predators cannot get them. The mountain goat wanders the mountains alone, and meets only to mate. It eats grasses, lichens, and leaves. It is 3–4 ft. at the shoulder (90-120 centimeters.) The mother mountain goat is called a nanny, and the male is called a billy, the baby is called a kid. Their thick undercoat, and long white overcoat, protects them from blustery wind, and harsh weather that often occurs in their mountainous habitat. Both male and female have short, strong, legs that have large black hooves on the end. The billy had long slender horns that measure approximately 1 foot. The nannies have slightly longer horns. The female uses her horns to defend her young. She will often dominate the territory, and the male will leave her alone. The female mountain goat, or nanny, becomes pregnant in November, the only month they are together, and gives birth to her kid six months, or half a year, later. The nanny will protect her young for a while and eventually the kid will leave his mother. He will most likely not know his father. They are alone for most of the year except for November which is the mating month. References. Raedeke, Kenneth J. "Mountain goat." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012.Web. 20 Dec. 2012.
The bighorn sheep ("Ovis canadensis") is a species of sheep that lives in the western half of North America. Their name comes from their large horns. Their horns can weigh up to 30 pounds (14 kg). However, the sheep themselves weigh up to 300 pounds (140 kg).  Genetic testing showed that there are three subspecies of bighorn sheep: Appearance. Adult male bighorn sheep can weigh 350 lbs (159 kg) and stand 40 inches (102 cm) tall at the shoulder. Adult female sheep are as heavy as 250 lbs (113 kg). They are grayish brown to dark brown in color with white faces and rear ends. This makes them difficult to see when the ground is part snow and part grass. Their hooves are rough on the bottom. This allows the sheep to climb, walk, and jump in steep, rocky places. All bighorn sheep have horns. They stay on their heads their whole lives. They do not fall off the way antlers do. Male bighorn sheep have large, curved horns that curl around their faces. Female bighorn sheep have shorter horns with sharp points. Behavior. Bighorn sheep live in herds. Male sheep live in herds with only other adult males. These are called bachelor herds. Female sheep live in herds with other adult females and lambs. When male sheep are two years old, they leave their mother's herd and find a bachelor herd. Bighorn sheep eat many kinds of plants. They have four-part stomachs. They feed on plants in lowlands and then go back to the rocks, where they can chew their cud and digest the food. Desert sheep can eat cacti. When it is time for the sheep to mate, the adult male rams run toward each other and hit each other with their horns. This makes a loud noise. The rams' skulls are thick and strong. Bighorn sheep live up to 14 years. Predators. Golden eagles, mountain lions, bears, Canada lynxes, and coyotes eat bighorn sheep. Bighorns can also die when lungworm parasites give them pneumonia.