ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Secretion is the process of releasing chemicals from a cell, or from a gland. Eukaryotic cells have a highly evolved process of secretion.
An adhesive is a compound that sticks or bonds two items together. Adhesives may come from either natural or man-made material. Some modern adhesives are extremely strong, and are becoming increasingly important in modern construction and industry. Examples of adhesives include adhesive tape, glue, and sticky-tac. Some adhesives are for temporary use, like sticky-tac or the adhesive on sticky notes. Others are for more permanent bonding of small items like gluing paper or building large pieces of furniture using construction adhesive. History. The first adhesives were natural gums and other plant resins. Archaeologists have found 6000-year-old ceramic vessels that had broken and been repaired using plant resin.  The earliest known use of adhesives was discovered in central Italy when two stone flakes partially covered with birch-bark tar. This is thought to be the oldest discovered human use of adhesives.  In Europe, glue was not used until the 1500–1700s. At this time, cabinet and furniture makers such as Thomas Chippendale and Duncan Phyfe started to use adhesives to hold their products together. In 1690, the first commercial glue plant was established in The Netherlands. This plant produced glues from animal hides. In 1750, the first British glue patent was issued for fish glue. In the 1800s, casein glues were invented and made in German and Swiss factories. In 1876, the first US patent was issued to the Ross brothers for the production of casein glue. In 1910, a thermoset plastic known as Bakelite phenolic was made. In 1912, phenolic resin was applied to plywood as a coating varnish. In 1920s–1940s, there was great advances in the development and production of new plastics and resins because of the First and Second World Wars. Types. Adhesives are usually classified by the method of adhesion. These are then classified into reactive and non-reactive adhesives, which refers to whether the adhesive chemically reacts in order to harden. They can also be classified by whether it is made from natural, or synthetic materials
Ali ibn Abi Talib (‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib) () (Approximately March 17, 599 – January 28, 661) was an early Islamic leader. He was the fourth Sunni caliph and the first Shia Imam. Ali was Muhammad's cousin. He married Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah, so Ali became Muhammad's son-in-law. He was one of the earliest Muslims. Since Ali stated that his body should remain a secret, his followers tied his body on a white camel, and went towards northern Afghanistan. Before being assassinated, Ali had reportedly given instructions to bury his body at the spot where the camel would die. At Balkh, the white camel died and Ali was buried secretly. In the 15th century, Abd al-Ghafur Lari is believed to discover Ali's tomb.
In Islamic societies, there are many women who believe in the teachings of Islam. While they are believers, they also face many problems. There are many differences by country. In some, there are almost no restrictions, while in others, there are many restrictions placed on women. Generally, there are the following problems: Islamic feminism is a type of feminism that focuses on women in Islam. Nawal El Saadawi is an Egyptian feminist who has written many books about women in Islam.
A chador (Persian چادر) is a piece of clothing. It is for Muslim women. In Iran, women wear a chador in public. The Chador covers all the body except the face. However some religious women, cover their faces with their chador too. A chador is a full-length semi-circle of fabric open down the front. It is thrown over the head and held shut in front. A chador has no hand openings or closures but is held shut by the hands or by wrapping the ends around the waist.
A vortex mixer is small machine used in laboratories to mix small beakers of liquids. What is inside? Inside, a vortex mixer has an electric motor which turns a pipe facing upwards. This pipe is attached to a small rubber bowl where one can put a beaker of liquid to be mixed up. The rubber bowl turns quickly and creates a vortex or a spiral flow inside any liquid which is placed on it and is therefore mixed up. Most vortex mixers have controls which let the user control how fast or slow they want the mixer to turn and can also set it to turn continuously for a certain length of time. Where they are used. Vortex mixers are used in bioscience laboratories to mix two different chemicals for a desired effect or to dilute an acid or an alkali by mixing them with water.
A niqab is a piece of clothing. It is for Muslim women. Women who wear niqab in public are called niqabi. There are many niqabis in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Yemen, and Egypt. A niqab usually covers all her body except the eyes and hands. Niqab around the world. In France, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Tunisia, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands wearing a niqab (and the burqa) in public is illegal. However in Afghanistan, wearing the niqab and burqa is required by law under the Taliban government.
Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Firdawsī Tūsī (935-1020) () or Ferdowsi is a Persian poet. Ferdowsi was born in Tus. He wrote the "Shāhnāma". Shahnama is the national epic of Persia.
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 1901 until his death in 1910. Edward was born Albert Edward and was the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He was Prince of Wales and heir apparent for longer than any other person up until that time until surpassed by his great-great grandson King Charles III. In his younger years as Prince of Wales, he was known as a playboy and popularized many trends in fashion and also had many mistresses. Biography. Edward VII was the father of George V and grandfather of Edward VIII and George VI. He is also the great-grandfather of the late queen, Elizabeth II and great-great grandfather to Charles III. There are a number of statues of Edward VII around the British Isles and Commonwealth realms. Edward was given a grand state funeral with the largest gathering of royalty taken place anywhere in the 20th century. It included Wilhelm II, the "Kaiser" of the German Empire, who would later be at war with Britain and Nicholas II, the "Tsar" of the Russian Empire, as well as many others. For the first time in royal history, Edward lay in state for the people to pay their last respects, a reflection of his immense popularity. Edward was king for only nine years but made a lasting impression. He became increasingly popular with his people and was credited as a peacemaker for his work in maintaining world stability at a time when war seemed to be looming. He died at the age of 68 in 1910. Four years later, the peace he worked so hard to keep was broken with the start of World War I (1914–1918).
Adhesive tape is a tape that is coated with adhesive and used to stick objects together.  Adhesive tape that will stick with application of pressure only (i.e. without activation by water, solvent or heat) is known as pressure sensitive tape. It can consist of a wide variety of tape backings and pressure sensitive adhesives. Single-sided tapes allow joining of two overlapping or adjoining materials, while double-sided tape (adhesive on both sides) allows joining of two items back-to-back.
Roman Polanski (born Raymond Roman Thierry Polanski, 18 August 1933) is a French-Polish movie director, producer, writer and actor. In 2003, he won the Academy Award for Best Director for his film, "The Pianist".p148p186 Personal life. Polanski was born in Paris, France but his family moved back to Poland in 1937.p313p250 His parents were agnostics. Because the family was Jewish, they were persecuted by the Nazis in Poland and forced to live in a ghetto.p2/4 Polanski's mother died at Auschwitz.p2 He later went to film school at Lodz and graduated in 1959. Polanski won many awards for his short movies and went on to make full-length movies in the United Kingdom and the United States. Polanski's first marriage was to actress Barbara Lass in 1959; they divorced in 1961. While filming the movie "Fearless Vampire Killers" he met an actress named Sharon Tate.p58/9 Polanski married her in 1968.p75/6 In August 1969, Polanski was in London, and Tate was pregnant. Tate and some of their friends were murdered in Los Angeles, California, by people who followed Charles Manson. Polanski dated Nastassja Kinski who later starred in his film "Tess". Polanski's third and current wife is actress Emmanuelle Seigner, who is the mother of his daughter and son. Arrest. In 1977, Polanski got in trouble with the law in California when he was caught having sex with a 13-year-old girl called Samantha Gailey (now Geimer). Polanski went to France. In the 1990s, Polanski paid an undisclosed sum of money to the woman, in exchange for her dropping the charges. He was arrested in Switzerland in September 2009. He was arrested at the request of the United States, so Switzerland could extradite him to the United States. On July 12, 2010, the Swiss freed Polanski, and decided not to extrad
Watford (pronounced "wot-fud") is a large town and borough in Hertfordshire in the East of England.  In 2011, it had a population of 131,928 people, making it Hertfordshire's largest settlement. Despite being Hertfordshire's largest town, the county town is Hertford.  Watford is located 15 miles north west of Central London and 16.7 miles (27.02 km) south west of Hertford and is on the banks of the River Colne. Transport. Watford is one of the few places that are not in London to have a London Underground station and to be on the "Tube Map". Watford has four mainline train stations, Watford Junction, Watford High Street, Watford North and Garston, as well as the tube station. Watford Junction is on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central and is also on the London Overground Watford DC line to London Euston. Watford High Street is also on this line. Watford North and Garston are on the Abbey Line to St Albans Abbey. Watford tube station is on the Metropolitan line. Sports. Watford has a professional football club, Watford FC, who have played in the Premier League. They play their home matches at Vicarage Road Stadium. Twin towns. Watford is twinned with:
Home Alone is a 1990 American comedy action movie mostly set in Chicago, Illinois, Paris, Dallas, and Scranton. It was written and produced by 20th Century Fox by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. It stars Macaulay Culkin and features Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern, John Heard, Catherine O'Hara, Devin Ratray, Roberts Blossom, and John Candy. Plot. The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Paris, gathering at Kate and Peter's home in a Chicago suburb on the night before their departure. Kate and Peter's youngest son, Kevin, is the subject of ridicule by his older siblings and cousins. Kevin inadvertently ruins the family dinner after a brief scuffle with his oldest brother Buzz, in which Kevin's airplane ticket is accidentally thrown away, resulting in Kate sending him up to the attic. Kevin berates his mother for allowing the rest of the family to pick on him and wishes that his family would disappear. During the night, heavy winds create a power outage, disabling the alarm clocks and causing the family to oversleep. In the confusion and rush to get to the airport, Kevin is accidentally left behind. Kevin wakes to find the house empty and the family cars still in the garage, unaware that they had rented vans to take them to the airport. Thinking that his wish has come true, he is overjoyed with his newfound freedom. Later, Kevin becomes frightened by his next-door neighbor, "Old Man" Marley, who is rumored to be a serial killer who murdered his own family. The McCallister home is soon stalked by the "Wet Bandits," Harry and Marv, a pair of burglars who have been breaking into other vacant houses in the neighborhood. Kevin tricks them into thinking that his family is still home, forcing them to postpone their plans to rob the McCallister house. Kate realizes mid-flight that Kevin was left behind, and upon arrival in Paris, the family discovers that all flights for the next two days are booked, and that the phone lines are still down back home in Chicago. Peter and the rest of the family stay in his brother's apartment in Paris, while Kate manages to get a
Overview. Origin. The word hijab is used in the Qur'an to denote a partition, or a curtain, but in modern usage often refers to a woman's headscarf. This is often done amongst Muslims for females over the age of puberty. The word , or a derivative, appears eight times in the Qur'an and never connotes any act of piety or headscarf. It appears as an "obstacle" (7:46), a "curtain" (33:53), "hidden" (38:32), a "wall of separation" (41:5, 42:52, 17:45), "hiding" (19:14) and "prevented" or "denied access to God" (83:15). Perspectives. For most Muslims, the headscarf, a symbol of hijab, is worn in the presence of adult males outside their immediate family; it is not necessary when females or males are within their immediate family. However, some Muslim scholars and activists maintain that the practice of covering the hair with a hijab is not mandated in Islam. Types. The "hijab" as a headscarf can come in several different types, such as an ordinary veil, which only covers the head, a niqab, a burka also known as an , which covers the entire body, and any form of covering used to veil. There are many styles to wear. The Quran however has no requirement that women cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa or chador. Hijab mandate. The "hijab" as a headscarf is currently required by law to be worn by women in Iran and Afghanistan. It is no longer required by law in Saudi Arabia since 2018. In Gaza, Palestinian jihadists belonging to the Unified Leadership (UNLU) have rejected a hijab policy for women. They have also targeted those who seek to impose the hijab. Hijab ban. Other countries, both in Europe and in the Muslim world, particularly France, have passed laws banning some or all types of hijab in public or in certain types of locales. Austria, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain and Norway have varying levels of hijab ban.
Scooby-Doo! is an American franchise. It began as a Saturday morning cartoons in many different versions from 1969 until the present. The first series, that was called "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You", was made for Hanna-Barbera Productions. Hanna-Barbera made many versions like it and other programs like it until everything was made in NBC Television Network. Universal Studios currently makes the program. Though the program, the characters in it and their ages have changed. These familiar versions of all the show have a dog named Scooby-Doo, and 4 teenagers: Shaggy, Daphne, Velma, and Fred. The franchise includes movies based on the Scooby-Doo franchise just like Scooby-Doo, , and Scoob!. There are both live action and animated movies based on the franchise.  Plot. 4 humans and a brown dog named Scooby-Doo solve mysteries in the children's TV show.
The Akita Inu is a breed of dog from Japan. It is usually high and weighs . Female Akitas are lighter. Their coat can be many colors. There are two coat types in the Akita, the standard coat length and the long coat. Akitas originate from Akita Prefecture, in the north of Japan. The most famous Akita Hachiko was known for his unusual loyalty to his owner. To date, only the American Kennel Club, consider American and Japanese Akitas to be two varieties of the same breed. The United Kennel Club and the Japan Kennel Club consider Japanese and American Akitas as separate breeds.
Nezami (Hakīm Nizām ad-Dīn Abū Muhammad Ilyās ibn-Yusūf ibn-Zakī ibn-Mu'ayyid Nezāmi Ganjavi (11411209) ) was a Persian poet. Nezāmi was born in Ganja, now Azerbaijan. He wrote five poetry books. In 1169/1170 the king of Darband sent him the maiden Afaq, and Nizami married her. In 1174 his son Muhammad was born. Nizami Gencevi wrote five poems. The first of them was "Makhzan-ol-Asrâr". The others are "Xosrov ve Shirin", "Leyli ve Mecnun", "Haft paykar" and "Isgendernoma".
Metric is a Canadian band. This band started in 1998 in Toronto, Ontario. Metric is made up of Emily Haines, a singer, and also plays the Synthesizer), James Shaw, who plays the guitar, Josh Winstead, who plays bass guitar, and drummer Joules Scott-Key. Their first CD, called "Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?"came out in 2003. Their new CD, "Live It Out", was released on October 4, 2005. Haines and Shaw are part of a band called Broken Social Scene, and Haines has been a guest on albums by Stars, KC Accidental, Delerium, The Stills, and Jason Collett. Their songs "Monster Hospital" and "Police and the Private" have been used on the television show "Grey's Anatomy". "Monster Hospital" has been used in the television show "". Metric continued to work on their first CD in the first few months of 2001. The album under construction included uptempo songs such as the title track "Grow Up and Blow Away", "Raw Sugar", and "Soft Rock Star", and downtempo songs like "White Gold", "The Twist", and "Rock Me Now". "Parkdale", Haines and Shaw finished the CD in April and by this time had found a new label — Restless Records, the L.A. indie record company that supported They Might Be Giants, Agent Orange, and The Dead Milkmen. Metric was heard for the first time by many in August 2001 with the advertisement "Be Afraid", advertising Polaroid's I-Zone Pocket Fortune film. The music used for the advertisement was taken from the song "Grow Up and Blow Away", with the line "Why does it feel so good to die today?" changed to "Why does it feel so good to fly away?". "Old World Underground" and "Live It Out". In 2003, Metric's first album, "Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?" came out in stores. The album got mostly positive reviews. The group released six songs individually from the album, the most successful being "Combat Baby", which was a free song on iTunes
Abu Abdullah Jafar ibn Mohammad ibn Hakim ibn Abdurrahman ibn Adam Rudaki Samarghandi (859 - c. 941) () or Rudaki was a Persian poet. He was born in Panjakent, Tajikistan and lived in Samarghand. Rudaki translated the old Indian fable book Panchatantra into Persian verse. His poems are collected in diwan. Reference
Hakīm Abul-Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow Balkhi Dehlavi (1253-1325) () or Amir Khosrow was a Persian poet. Amir Khusrow lived in Delhi. His poems are in Persian and Hindi.  Allaudin Khilji (1296 A.D - 1316 A.D) had a court minister named Hazrat Amir Khusro who was said to be highly gifted in music with an exceptionally innovative mind. His contribution to Hindustani classical music was said to be unmatched. It is also said that he created the Sitar (probably inspired by the Veena and other string instruments of Persia). The modification of the Pakhawaj into the Tabla is also credited to him. It has also been said that Amir Khusro introduced many styles of singing including Khayal, Tarana, Ghazal and Qawali. He is credited for some most popular Ragas like Yaman, Poorya and Poorvi.
Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi (also spelled Hafiz) (born between 1310 and 1337, believed to have died at age 69) () or Hafez is a Persian poet. Hafez was born in Shiraz, Iran. Hafez learnt the Quran by heart at an early age. His poems are collected in Divan e Hafez. William Jones translated his work into English in 1771. Life. Despite his profound effect on Persian life and culture and his enduring popularity and influence, few details of his life are known, and particularly about his early life there is a great deal of more or less mythical anecdote. Some of the early tazkeras (biographical sketches) mentioning Hafez are generally considered unreliable. One early document discussing Hafez' life is the preface of his Divān, which was written by an unknown contemporary of Hafez whose name may have been Moḥammad Golandām. The generally accepted modern edition of Hafez's Divān is known as "Qazvini-Ḡani", edited by Moḥammad Qazvini and Qāsem Ḡani. Legends of Hafez. Many semi-miraculous mythical tales were woven around Hāfez after his death. Four of them are:
Forough Farrokhzad (January 5, 1935 — February 13, 1967) () was an Iranian poet. She lived in Tehran. In 1967, she died in a car accident. She was thirty-two. Maryam Dilmaghani translated her poems to English in 2006.
Parvin E'tesami (March 17, 1907 – April 5, 1941; ) is an Iranian poet. She was daughter of Yosuf E'tesami, Iranian poet and writer. She started poetry when she was 9. Alladin Pazargadi translated her works from Persian into English in 2000.
Jihad (; ) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. In an Islamic context, it can refer to holy war or almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with God's guidance, such as struggle against one's evil inclinations, proselytizing, or efforts toward the moral betterment of the Muslim community ("Ummah"), though it is most frequently associated with war. In classical Islamic law ("sharia"), the term refers to armed struggle against unbelievers, while modernist Islamic scholars generally equate military "jihad" with defensive warfare. In Sufi circles, spiritual and moral jihad has been traditionally emphasized under the name of "greater jihad". The term has gained additional attention in recent decades through its use by various insurgent Islamic extremist, militant Islamist, and terrorist individuals and organizations whose ideology is based on the Islamic notion of "jihad". The word "jihad" appears frequently in the Qur'an with and without military connotations, often in the idiomatic expression "striving in the path of God "(al-jihad fi sabil Allah)"", conveying a sense of self-exertion. Scholars developed an elaborate set of rules pertaining to "jihad", including prohibitions on harming those who are not engaged in combat. In the modern era, the notion of "jihad" has lost its jurisprudential relevance and instead given rise to an ideological and political discourse. While modernist Islamic scholars have emphasized the defensive and non-military aspects of "jihad", some Islamists have advanced aggressive interpretations that go beyond the classical theory. Jihad is classified into inner ("greater") "jihad", which involves a struggle against one's own base impulses, and external ("lesser") "jihad", which is further subdivided into "jihad of the pen/tongue" (debate or persuasion) and "jihad of the sword". Most Western writers consider external "jihad" to have primacy over inner "jihad" in the Islamic tradition, while much of contemporary Muslim opinion favors the opposite view. Gallup analysis of a large survey reveals considerable nuance in the conceptions of "