ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A mad scientist is a fictional character who is a genius, but who wants to find out and do what no one else ever has and often what he should not. The character Victor Frankenstein is often said to be the first mad scientist, though Coppelius from The Sandman could also be called a mad scientist and The Sandman was published a year before Frankenstein was.  They often work with fictional technology, they either fail to recognise the dangers of their actions or don't care about the consequences, and some attempt to play God. Mad scientists are often shown as evil (evil genius) or insane. Some may be neutral or good, even if their actions are dangerous and irresponsible, which can make them mad scientists.
"Memories" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on September 20, 2019. The song is about loss and remembering people who have died. It uses the chord progression of Pachelbel's "Canon" but in G# minor instead of B minor. On the October 7, 2019, episode of "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", frontman Adam Levine revealed that he was inspired to write the song after his close friend and Maroon 5's manager, Jordan Feldstein, died in 2017. Feldstein was also the older brother of actor Jonah Hill.
Spencer Breslin (born May 18, 1992) is an American actor and musician. He is the older brother of actress Abigail Breslin. Beginning at the age of three, Breslin acted in over 50 commercials. He is best known for his roles in the feature films "Disney's The Kid" (co-starring at the age of eight with Bruce Willis), "The Santa Clause 2: The Mrs. Clause" and ' (as Curtis the Elf), "Return to Neverland", "The Cat in the Hat", "Raising Helen", ', "The Shaggy Dog", "Harold", 'The Happening', and "Perfect Sisters". His television credits include "Teamo Supremo", "Stephen King's Storm of the Century", and "Law &amp; Order". Movies in which he has acted have taken in a worldwide box office of over $1.3 billion.
William "Bill" G. Kaelin Jr. (born November 23, 1957) is an American professor of medicine at Harvard University and the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute. His laboratory studies tumor suppressor proteins. Kaelin Jr. won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019 with Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza.
Sir Peter John Ratcliffe, FRS, FMedSci (born 14 May 1954) is a British physician and scientist. He is trained as a nephrologist. He was a practicing clinician at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine and head of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2016.  In 2016 he became Clinical Research Director at the Francis Crick Institute, retaining a position at Oxford as member of the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and Director of the Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford. Ratcliffe was born in Morecambe, Lancashire.  Ratcliffe is best known for his work on cellular reactions to hypoxia, for which he shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William Kaelin Jr. and Gregg L. Semenza.
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a part of the body is lacking oxygen supply at the tissue level.  Hypoxia may be classified as either "generalized", affecting the whole body, or "local", affecting a region of the body.
Gregg Leonard Semenza (born July 1, 1956) is an American professor of pediatrics, radiation oncology, biological chemistry, medicine, and oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is the director of the vascular program at the Institute for Cell Engineering. He is a 2016 recipient of the Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. He is known for his discovery of HIF-1, which allows cancer cells to adapt to oxygen-poor environments. Semenza was born in New York City. Semenza received the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" with William Kaelin Jr. and Peter J. Ratcliffe.
Cain Hope Felder (June 9, 1943 - October 1, 2019) was an American biblical scholar. He was professor of New Testament language and literature and editor of "The Journal of Religious Thought" at the Howard University School of Divinity.  He also was chair of the Doctor of Philosophy program and immediate past chair of the Doctor of Ministry program. He had been on Howard's faculty from 1981 until his retirement in 2016.  Felder died on October 1, 2019 at his Mobile, Alabama at the age of 76.
Stephen Joseph "Steve" Lukasik (March 19, 1931 – October 3, 2019) was an American physicist. He worked in multiple high-level defense and scientific related jobs for advancing the technologies for national defense. He was the second longest serving Director of DARPA - the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.  He was also the first Chief Scientist of the Federal Communications Commission where he created its Office of Science and Technology and which facilitated the commercial deployment of new technology that included spread spectrum technology. He was born in Staten Island, New York. Lukasik died on October 3, 2019 in Fairfax, Virginia of respiratory failure at the age of 88.
William Hunter McKnight, (July 12, 1940 – October 4, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was in the Canadian House of Commons from 1979 to 1993, and also was the Treaty Commissioner for the Province of Saskatchewan from 2007 through 2012. McKnight was born in Elrose, Saskatchewan. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. McKnight died in Saskatoon on October 4, 2019 at the age of 79.
José Manuel Oneto Revuelta (14 March 1942 – 7 October 2019), better known as Pepe Oneto, was a Spanish journalist and writer. He was one of the greatest journalists during the Spanish transition to democracy. He was born in San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain. In 1974 he joined the staff of the magazine "Cambio 16", becoming its director in 1976. In 1986 he joined the Zeta Group, going on to run the magazine "Tiempo", until 1996. He was also Director of Informational at Antena 3 Televisión between 1996 and 1998. In 2000, and again in 2016, he was appointed member of the Board of Directors of Telemadrid. Oneto died on 7 October 2019 at a hospital in San Sebastián, Spain at the age of 77 from sepsis caused by peritonitis.
Dennis W. Day (July 12, 1942 — July 17, 2018) was an American actor, singer, dancer and theater director. He was best known as one of the original cast members of "The Mickey Mouse Club". After ending his career as a child actor, he went on to work as a theater director before relocating to Oregon in the 1980s. Day disappeared in July 2018 and was found dead several months later at his home in Phoenix, Oregon. A roommate was charged with his death in 2019.
The First Battle of Panipat was an engagement between the Afghan Sultan of Hindustan, Ibrahim Lodi and the invading army of Timurid ruler Babur.  Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat in 1526. In this Babur used the Rumi (Ottoman) device of lashing a large number of carts to form a defending wall with breastwork in between to rest guns (Tughlama system of welfare). His artillery was led by Ustad Ali and Mustafa. It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gun powder firearms and field artillery. The Mughal forces of Babur, the Timurid ruler of Kabulistan, defeated the much larger ruling army of Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Delhi. The battle was fought on 21 April near the small village of Panipat, in the present day Indian state of Haryana, an area that has been the site of a number of decisive battles for the control of Northern India since the twelfth century. The use of guns by troops of Babur helped them claim victory in the battle. The Lodi troops were lagging in terms of artillery skills and the sound emitted by canons frightened the war elephants of Lodi.
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit based in San Francisco, United States. It was started in July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet freedoms. The EFF sponsors legal defense, defends individuals and new technology from unfair legal threats. It also monitors proposals that may weaken internet freedoms and liberties. It also monitors for possible weakening of fair use. Activities. Early Cases. One of the first high profile cases of the EFF was "Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service." In early 1990, Steve Jackson Games was under a massive search and seizure operation. Copies of the game GURPS Cyberpunk was considered as proof by mistake. Emails were also modified and were a new technology at the time. It was not considered to be protected by the right to personal privacy at the time. "Bernstein v. United States" was the second large case of the EFF. Programmer Daniel J. Bernstein had sued the US Government for permission to release his cryptographic software against limits put by the government. DES Cracker. During the mid-1990s, the United States Government did not allow for international use of any cryptographic product unless the ciphertext could be decrypted by a third-party with a promise that the government could not read messages protected by the Data Encryption Standard (DES) even after it was shown as weak and broken. The EFF had made a piece of hardware called the "EFF DES Cracker" that could crack a message within 24 hours. The plans and source code were made public. Software. The EFF has made software and browser add-ons like Switzerland, HTTPS Everywhere, and Privacy Badger.
Phillip James Edwin Peebles (born April 25, 1935) is a Canadian-American physicist and theoretical cosmologist. He is currently the Albert Einstein Professor Emeritus of Science at Princeton University.  Peebles was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2019 for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. In November 2019, Peebles noted, in his award presentation, that he does not support the Big Bang Theory, due to the lack of concrete supporting evidence, and stated, "It's very unfortunate that one thinks of the beginning whereas in fact, we have no good theory of such a thing as the beginning."
Michel Gustave Édouard Mayor (born 12 January 1942) is a Swiss astrophysicist. He was professor emeritus at the University of Geneva's Department of Astronomy. He retired in 2007, but works as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva. He is co-winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics, the 2010 Viktor Ambartsumian International Prize, and the winner of the 2015 Kyoto Prize. Together with Didier Queloz in 1995 he discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star, 51 Pegasi. Because of this, Mayor and Queloz won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star".
E. D. Hirsch is Eric Donald Hirsch Jr. (; born March 22, 1928. He is an American educator and academic literary critic. He is professor emeritus of education and humanities at the University of Virginia.  In the 1960s Hirsch's "Validity in Interpretation" made an important work to contemporary literary theory and he was called "the founder of contemporary intentionalism".  In popular culture Hirsch is best known for his work on cultural literacy, and is the founder and chairman of the Core Knowledge Foundation.  He is a long-term critic of American schools, and promotes ideas for improving the education of children. His "The Schools We Need: And Why We Don't Have Them" (1996) was hated by the liberal left. It also managed to annoy the right wing because it attacked the local control of schools. in 2016 he published " Why Knowledge Matters: Rescuing our Children from Failed Educational Theories". This outlined three major problems with education in the United States. These are, according to him, the emphasis on teaching skills, such as critical thinking skills, rather than knowledge, individualism rather than communal learning, and developmentalism, that is, teaching children what is "appropriate" for their age. Beginning in 1990s, Hirsch began publishing books in the "Core Knowledge Grader Series" which the Foundation describes as "an engaging, illustrated guide to the essential knowledge outlined in the Core Knowledge Sequence". This series of books was received well by parents educating children at home, and it has been adopted by many school systems. Sol Stern, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute who has written extensively on education reform, wrote in 2013 that Hirsch was "the most important education reformer of the past half-century."
Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro (10 January 1924 – 8 October 2019) was a Spanish scuba diver, underwater cameraman and photographer. He was the designer of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) and also was the tester of scuba diving gear for the Nemrod trade mark. He was born in Barcelona. He wrote five books describing his underwater experiences: "La llamada de las profundidades", "Mis amigos los peces", "¡Fondo!", "Tierras y profundidades" and "Mi aventura submarina". Admetlla i Lázaro died on 8 October 2019 in Barcelona at the age of 95.
Vlasta Chramostová (17 November 1926 – 6 October 2019) was a Czech movie actress. She appeared in 35 movies from 1950 until her death. She starred in the 1950 movie "The Trap" which was entered into the 1951 Cannes Film Festival. She was born in Brno. Other movie roles include: "The Secret of Blood" (1953), "The Cassandra Cat" (1963), "The Cremator" (1969), "Sekal Has to Die" (1998) and "Leaving" (2011). Chramostová died in Brno on 6 October 2019 at the age of 92.
was a Japanese professional baseball pitcher. He was one of the best-known pitchers in Japanese baseball history, and was the only Japanese pitcher to have won 400 games. He was added in the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988. Kaneda was born in Heiwa, Aichi. Kaneda died on October 6, 2019 in Tokyo of sepsis at the age of 86.
Karl Martin Lauer (2 January 1937 – 6 October 2019) was a West German sprinter. He won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen. Lauer died on 6 October 2019 at the age of 82.
Karen Anita Pendleton (August 1, 1946 – October 6, 2019) was an American child television actress. She was the original "Mickey Mouse Club" Mouseketeer on ABC television from 1955 to 1959. She was one of only nine Mouseketeers who were on the show during its entire original run. Pendleton was born in Glendale, California. Pendleton died in Fresno, California on October 6, 2019 from a heart attack at the age of 73.
In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given amount based on observed data. The rule (the estimator), the amount that is being measured (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are different. An estimator of a parameter formula_1 is often written as formula_2. If the expected value of the estimator is equal to the parameter, then the estimator is called unbiased. Otherwise, it is called biased.
A statistical parameter or population parameter is an amount put into the probability distribution of a statistic or a random variable. It can be thought of as a numbered amount of a trait of a statistical population or a statistical model. A statistical parameter is different from its estimator in that the parameter is a fixed amount, while the value of an estimator changes according to some probability distribution. The notations formula_1 (for the parameter) and formula_2 (for the estimator) are often used to clarify this distinction.
In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters. Method. Suppose that the problem is to estimate formula_1 unknown parameters formula_2 describing the distribution formula_3 of the random variable formula_4. Suppose the first formula_1 moments of the true distribution (the "population moments") can be expressed as functions of the formula_6s:  formula_7 Suppose a sample of size formula_8 is drawn, and it leads to the values formula_9. For formula_10, let  formula_11  be the "j"-th sample moment, an estimate of formula_12. The method of moments estimator for formula_13 denoted by formula_14 is defined as the solution (if there is one) to the equations:   formula_15 Reasons to use it. The method of moments is simple and gets consistent estimators (under very weak assumptions). However, these estimators are often biased.
The FightAIDS@Home project uses the technique of distributed computing to find a way to eradicate the HIV. FightAIDS@Home has been running since 2002 and joined World Community Grid on 21 November 2005. The project uses the World Community Grid distributed computing platform that uses the well-known Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing distributed computing platform.
Andrew Auguste "Andy" Etchebarren (June 20, 1943 – October 5, 2019) was an American professional baseball player and minor league manager. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) for a total of 15 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles (1962 and 1965–75), California Angels (1975–77) and Milwaukee Brewers (1978). Etchebarren died on October 5, 2019 in Santee, California at the age of 76.
Marcello Giordani (born Marcello Guagliardo; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor.  He sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He worked with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers. Giordani died on 5 October 2019 in Augusta, Sicily from a heart attack at the age 56.
Catharina Pieternella "Ella" Vogelaar (23 December 1949 – 7 October 2019) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and trade union leader. Vogelaar was born in Steenbergen, Netherlands. She was the Minister for Housing, Communities and Integration from February 2007 through November 2008. Vogelaar killed herself on 7 October 2019 in Utrecht at the age of 69.
The PlayStation 5 (also known by the abbreviated name PS5) is the fifth home video game console made by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was released at the end of 2020. Most games from the PlayStation 4 work with it. There are two versions of the console, one with a Blu-ray optical disc drive that costs $500. The second version costs $400 and does not have the disc drive. On the version with no disc drive, games can only be bought and downloaded from the PlayStation Store. As of 20 December 2023, over 50 million PlayStation 5 consoles have been sold. Non-gaming features. Streaming services. The PlayStation 5 can stream video content from Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, and other available platforms. Remote Play. Remote Play allows for playing games on the PlayStation 5 from a PC or mobile phone.
John Bannister Goodenough (July 25, 1922 – June 25, 2023) was an American professor and solid-state physicist. He was a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at The University of Texas at Austin. He is known for his creation of the lithium-ion battery, which is used on cellphones such as iphones. Career. In 2014, he won the Charles Stark Draper Prize for his works to the lithium-ion battery. In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino. At age 97, he is the oldest person to win a Nobel prize. His other works also focus on the field of magnetism. He was a Professor at The University of Texas at Austin. During his time there, he has worked on research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices. He wanted to study to fix materials for batteries to help create electric vehicles and help end the use of fossil fuels. Goodenough discovered the polyanion class of cathodes. They showed that positive electrodes having polyanions, sulfates, create higher voltages than oxides because of the inductive effect of the polyanion. In 2011, Goodenough was honored with the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama. Personal life. Goodenough was born in Jena, Germany, to American parents. During and after graduating from Yale University, Goodenough was a U.S. military meteorologist in World War II. He got a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago. He became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford. He was married to Irene Wiseman from 1954 until her death in 2016. Goodenough turned 100 in July 2022. Goodenough died on June 25, 2023 in Austin, Texas at the age of 100.
is a Japanese chemist. He is a professor of Meijo University. He is the inventor of lithium-ion battery (LIB) often used in cellular phones and notebook computers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.
The act of cession is the transfer of property to another entity (person, country, etc.). In international law, it commonly refers to land transferred by a treaty. It is different from annexation, where property is taken by force. Cession is voluntary or is supposed to be. Retrocession. Retrocession is to return something (e.g., land) that was ceded.
Deficit spending is when someone is spending more money than they have. In other words, it is when there is more spending than there is revenue. It is also called simply deficit, or budget deficit. The opposite of a deficit is a budget surplus. The term may be used for the budget of a government, private company, or person. Government deficit spending is a point of controversy in economics, with important economists having different views.
Monument Rocks (also Chalk Pyramids) are a series of big chalk formations in Gove County, Kansas. It has many fossils. The formations were the first landmark chosen by the US Department of the Interior as a National Natural Landmark. The chalk formations reach a height of up to . It includes formations such as buttes and arches. The carbonate deposits were laid down during the Cretaceous Period in what was then the Western Interior Seaway. It split the continent of North America into two landmasses. They are estimated to have been formed 80 million years ago. History. On January 29, 2008, Monument Rocks, 25 miles south of Oakley, Kansas, and Castle Rock, 31 miles to the east, together were named as one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas.
Marija Pejčinović Burić (; born 9 April 1963) is a Croatian politician. She was the 14th Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia and Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from 19 June 2017 to 19 July 2019. On 26 June 2019, she was elected as the 14th Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Pejčinović Burić's term began on 18 September 2019.
The 2019 Halle and Landsberg attack was a shooting incident that happened on 9 October 2019 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Two people were killed, and two others were severely injured.  The suspect was arrested later the same day. He is 27-year-old German, Stephan Balliet from Saxony-Anhalt. Federal investigators called the attack a far-right and antisemitic crime. References.