ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Leopold and Loeb were Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, Jr. (November 19, 1904 – August 29, 1971) and Richard Albert Loeb (June 11, 1905 – January 28, 1936). They were two wealthy University of Chicago law students who kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks in 1924 in Chicago. The duo was motivated to murder Franks by their desire to commit a perfect crime. They committed the murder – characterized at the time as "the crime of the century". They wanted to show that they were very intelligent. They believed this allowed them to carry out a "perfect crime" without consequences. Once arrested, Leopold and Loeb hired Clarence Darrow as counsel for the defense. Darrow’s summation in their trial criticized capital punishment as retribution, rather than rehabilitation. Leopold and Loeb were sentenced to life imprisonment. Loeb was killed by a fellow prisoner in 1936; Leopold was released on parole in 1958. The Leopold and Loeb crime has been the inspiration for several works in film, theatre, and fiction, such as the 1929 play "Rope" by Patrick Hamilton, and Alfred Hitchcock's take on the play in the 1948 film of the same name. Later movies such as "Compulsion" and "Swoon" were more accurate portrayals of the Leopold and Loeb case.
Cheng Maoyun (; 25 August 1900 – 31 July 1957) was a Chinese musician and a professor at National Central University and Hangzhou Societal University (杭州社會大學). He wrote the music of the "National Anthem of the Republic of China". Chen was born in 1990 in Xinjian to a family of officials. He studied music in Jiangxi Provincial Higher Normal School.  The official university song of the National Central University, now in Taiwan, was also composed by Cheng.
Chang Jin-fu () is a politician in the Republic of China. He was the Governor of Taiwan Province from 2009 to 2010. Early life. Chang was born in Taipei County in 1948. He received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University (NTU) in 1970 and his doctoral degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in United States in 1977.
Dawn Evelyeen Paris (also: Anne Shirley; April 17, 1918 – July 4, 1993) was an American movie actress. She played Jeanne in "Chasing Yesterday". She also played Jenny Yates in "Chatterbox".  Under the name Dawn O'Day, Shirley was a child actress. Shirley was born in New York City. She died from lung cancer at age seventy-five.
Colleen Dewhurst (June 3, 1924 – August 22, 1991) was an American and Canadian actress. She played Helen Benson in "Man on a String". She also played Monique in "The Last Run". She was also a stage actress. Dewhurst was born in Montreal, Quebec. She died in South Salem, New York of cervical cancer at the age of 67.
Peg + Cat is an American-Canadian animated children's television series based on the children's book "The Chicken Problem", which was published in 2020. The series is created by Billy Aronson and Jennifer Oxley. The series focuses on a young girl named Peg and her talking pet cat, named Cat. The show teaches the viewer math. Peg and Cat's adventures often relate to math. Peg speaks directly to the viewers and encourages them to follow along with the episode's plot. It started on most PBS Kids stations on November 18, 2013. It has a voice cast which includes Hayley Faith Negrin, Dwayne Hill, Annick Obonsawin and Thamela Mpumlwana. In June 2016, the spin-off of Peg + Cat, titled Hard Stuff with Frances Jackson was to be announced. The spin-off premiered on October 11, 2017.
A paper plane is a toy airplane made from paper. The paper is folded in a certain way so that the folded paper actually glides. This is a form of origami; the Japanese art of paper folding. Paper planes were used originally for testing real airplanes. Today the making of paper planes is a hobby and a craft. Takuo Toda holds the world record for the longest time in air (27.9 seconds). The distance record () was set by Joe Ayoob, with a plane constructed by John Collins, in February 2012. It was broken on the 14th of April 2022 by 3 South Korean men with a distance of 77 metres.
The Abbott Laboratories are an American pharmaceuticals and health care company. They have 90,000+ employees in over 130 countries. The headquarters are in North Chicago, Illinois. This organization was established by Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888. Abbott's product line includes pharmaceuticals, nutritional, diagnostics, and vascular products.  The company has made drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and other conditions. The company makes glucose monitoring devices for diabetics. According to the Reuters report, Abbott acquired Alere for $4.48 billion, in April 2017. In September 2017,  Abbott announced that it has received Food and Drug Administration clearance for a consumer version of its Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitor, which does not require people with diabetes to routinely prick their fingers to check the glucose levels.
John Carroll O'Connor (or just Carroll O'Connor; August 2, 1924 – June 21, 2001) was an American actor. He played Archie Bunker in "All in the Family" and "Archie Bunker's Place". He also played Major General Colt in the movie "Kelly's Heroes".  O'Connor was born in Manhattan, New York City. He died from complications of diabetes at 76.
Fluvial terrace is an abandoned floodplain with a long, narrow stairs that were formed when the river flowed at a higher level than at present. Fluvial terraces consist of two parts; a tread, which is the flat surface at the upper side of fluvial terrace, and a scarp, which is the steep slope connecting the tread to the downside.  Classification. Fluvial terraces are divided into Rock terraces or gravel terraces according to structure materials. They are classified as Tectonic terraces or Climate terraces depending on how they were formed. Erosional terraces are terraces where the tread has been formed primarily by lateral erosion. During a low water level stage, fine sediment is deposited and coarse sediment is deposited at the end of a high water event. When the river reaches its highest level, it moves all the channel sediment and scours the underlying bedrock before coarse detritus is deposited again on the channel floor. Depositional terraces are terraces where the tread represents the surface of a valley fill. Valley filling occurs when the amount of sediment produced in a basin is more than the river system can carry away. It is usually triggered by glacial outwash, climate change, or change in base level, slope, or load caused by rising water level. Depositional terraces are climatically controlled. Erosional terraces are tectonically controlled..
The Iditarod is the world’s most famous dog sled race. It is an annual race that starts on the first Saturday of March in Anchorage, Alaska and ends in Nome, Alaska. The race crosses the Alaska Range and Kuskokwim Mountains range. The contestants in the race go northwest from Anchorage. Then they turn north and go along the Bering Sea to Nome. On even years they take the route that goes more north and on odd years they take the route that goes more south. White Mountain is the last of three rest stops for teams in the race.  Iditarod is an endurance sport for the sled driver and the dogs. All the paths are cold, icy, and snowy. The current way the Iditarod is run today started in 1973. There were also shorter races that started in 1967. The first shorter race took place in the years from 1967 - 1973. The shorter races were held on the Iditarod trail which was an old mail route. Deaths of sled dogs: 3 sled dogs died during the race in 2024. Each team has to keep moving for . 12 to 16 dogs are in the race.
Gracie Gold (born August 17, 1995) is an American figure skater. Childhood. Gracie Gold was born on August 17, 1995 in Newton, Massachusetts. When she was four years old her family moved to Springfield, Illinois. At a skating birthday party when she was eight years old, she began to try figure skating. After that party she signed up for lessons. She was a natural; she soon was landing double axels.  Before Olympics and other competitions. After awhile her hard work wasn't paying off. She kept getting low scores! Around a year before the Sochi, Olympics Gracie's relationship with her coach, Alex Ouriashev had completely crumbled. A little while after that Gracie switched coaches. She switched to Frank Carroll and this switch took her mother and sister Carly Gold with her to Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles. Frank Carroll’s experience with coaching other Olympians like Evan Lysacek, Michelle Kwan, Tim Goebel, Linda Fratianne and Denis Ten helped and inspired Gracie. Going to the Olympics gave a lot of stress to her. She would stress about being an Olympian and would stress out about all of the mistakes she would make in practice. Sometimes to calm down Gracie would juggle. She had to learn how to relax while doing her triple axels and how to save a jump if she started off wrong. Gracie also had to learn how to make her performance still look good to the judges, even after a fall. Later, after all of this training Gracie was ready to compete in competitions like the Midwestern sectional, The U.S. Championships, and the U.S. International Classic. In almost all of her later competitions she did better than the firsts. This helped her earn her spot in the 2014 Sochi, Olympics.  Sochi, Olympics. Gracie got a bronze medal from the Olympics, she got this from the team event. In the Ladies free skate, and short program she was placed fourth. Gracie is eager to return to Olympic Ice in the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Mikaela Shiffrin (born March 13, 1995) is an American skier. Her first time at the Winter Olympic Games was during the 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi, Russia. Before these Olympics, Mikaela had competed in other national and international competitions.  Mikaela Shiffrin was born on March 13, 1995 in Vail, Colorado. Her father, Jeff, skied at Dartmouth College. Her mother, Eileen, came from a Massachusetts family who loved skiing. She has an older brother named Taylor who is also a skier at the University of Denver. When Mikaela was eight her family moved to New Hampshire. Her father got a job at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Shiffrin competed in her first international competition at age fifteen. Later that year she joined another international competition and got a gold medal in slalom. By the end of the season she had won four World Cup competitions as well as a slalom title. This made her the youngest person to win a World Cup title. Mikaela Shiffrin was also the youngest ever to win an Olympic gold medal in the slalom. She won one of the five gold medals won by the American Alpine team. In addition to her gold medal, Shiffrin has one gold medal from the world championships and one bronze medal from the Junior World Ski Championships. She has had eight total wins at the World Championships.
The gayageum or kayagum is a traditional Korean zither-like string instrument. It has 12 strings, though some more recent variants have 21 or other numbers of strings. It is probably the best known traditional Korean musical instrument. Its body is made of Paulownia wood. History. According to Samguksagi ( the three kingdoms history book), the first gayageum was made for King Gasil in the 6th century. This was after he observed a Chinese musical instrument. He ordered a musician named Wu Ruk to compose music for this new instrument. The original name was "gayago". It was further improved by Wu Ruk. Construction. There are two types. The "beobgeum gayageum" is 160cm long by 30cm wide by 10cm deep. Its body is made of a single piece of paulownia wood. The resonator chamber is hollowed out of the wood body. It is used in court music. The "sanjo gayageum" is about 142cm long by 23cm wide by 10cm deep. The soundboard is made of paulownia, but the sides and back are of a harder wood such as chestnut or walnut. It is used in folk music. Technique. The player usually sits cross-legged. The gayageum is played put on the player’s knee (usually the right knee). One hand plucks the strings to make a sound. The other hand decorates the sound by pressing, shaking, and vibrating the strings.
The goal of a legal guardian is to protect a person who cannot make decisions on their own. The legal guardian makes decisions for the person who needs protection. Usually, a legal guardian has to be appointed (chosen) by a court. Before a court appoints a guardian for a person, it first has to decide that the person is incompetent (unable to make decisions on their own). A court may choose a legal guardian for a minor child (a child under a certain age) in many different situations: A court may also choose a legal guardian for an adult. This happens when the court decides the adult is incompetent. The court appoints a legal guardian to help protect the incompetent person (who is called a ward). The legal guardian then has the right to make legal decisions for the ward. How do legal guardians get chosen? Legal guardians get chosen in a few different ways. Sometimes a parent will write a will, which explains their last wishes in case they die. In the will, they can say who they want to take care of their child if the parent dies. If the parent dies, a court still has to approve the person named in the will as the child's new guardian. The new guardian does not have to be a blood relative of the parent or child. If someone (like a person's doctor, psychiatrist, or family member) thinks that a person is incompetent, they may ask a court to choose a legal guardian. In the United States, the court must hold a hearing to decide whether the person needs a guardian. The person must be given a lawyer, and the court must listen to arguments from both sides. If the court decides that the person needs a guardian, the court will choose one. That guardian may be a family member, a friend, or a stranger. What kind of power do legal guardians have? In the United States, when a court chooses a legal guardian, the court has to say specifically what decisions the guardian will be able to make for their ward. For example, a court might say the guardian can only make medical decisions for their ward. The ward will still have the right to make any other decisions that are not medical decisions. Different states have different laws about types of guardianships and
Kazu Kibuishi is the writer and artist of "Copper", a comic strip. He also wrote Amulet which is a series of graphic novels which are like comic books. He was born 1978, in Tokyo, Japan. He moved to the United States in 1982. He lives in Alhambra, California. He has a degree in film studies from the University of California. He is married to who is a comic book artist and illustrator. He is a writer, editor, illustrator, art director, comic book artist, graphic novelist, producer, and animator. He’s an animator at Shaded Box which is an animation, commercial, and video game studio. Animators make movies and cartoons.  "Copper" follows the quests of an intelligent dog and his owner in a world of steampunk technology and fiction. The series continues to appear on the Internet and gains him quite a few fans.
José Alberto Pujols Alcántara (also known as Albert Pujols) is a star baseball player from the Dominican Republic.  Early life. Pujols was born on January 16, 1980 in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic. When he was 16, Pujols's family moved to Missouri. He learned English at Fort Osage High School and later studied to be an American citizen.  Baseball career. He went to Maple Woods Community College and posted a .461 on-base average (which means he got on base 461 times out of every 1,000 at-bats).  At age 19, Pujols was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals. He was a very low draft pick (402nd in the 13th round of the draft). He played his first season with one of the Cardinals' minor league teams, the Peoria Chiefs.  After one full season with the Chiefs, Pujols got onto the Cardinals' roster after a teammate got injured. Later two of the Cardinals' best players also got injured, and Pujols became a regular player. In his first season with the Cardinals, he had 37 RBIs and 130 home runs, and posted a .329 on-base average. He won the Rookie of the Year Award, earning every vote.  Awards. In 2002, Pujols was the runner-up for the Most Valuable Player Award, and the Cardinals reached the National League Championship Series. In 2005, the Baseball Writers of America voted Pujols the National League's Most Valuable Player. In 2006, the Cardinals won the World Series. Pujols was also named to the National League All-Star Team that year.  Since 2006, Pujols has won many awards, like the Players' Choice Most Outstanding Player Award, the Players' Choice Player of the Year Award, and the National League Home Run Award.
Grandaddy is an American indie rock band formed in California in 1992 by singer/guitarist/keyboardist Jason Lytle, bassist Kevin Garcia, and drummer Aaron Burtch. History. Complex Party Come Theories is their first work. After that, they got new guitarist Jim Fairchild and keyboardist Tim Dryden. They released EP A Pretty Mess By This One Band in 1996, and their first full-length album Under The Western Freeway in 1997. “Summer Here Kids”, one of the songs in Under The Western Freeway, earned Single of the Week honors in NME. In 2000, in Sophftware Slump, they created vintage, electronic, drift-off music. In , Concrete Dunes was released, without the band's permission. In 2003, the group released another album, Sumday, and received good reviews. In 2006, Just Like the Fambly Cat was released.  After the album, the band broke up in 2005. They did not do Just Like the Fambly Cat tour concert. The band was utterly content and happy about the decision to end Grandaddy. In the song 'Elevate Myself', he says "I don't wanna work all night and day. On writing songs that make the young girls cry." Other members all worked in their own field, but Jim Fairchild was still working with music. He joined a guitarist in Modest Mouse tour, and he released his first solo album, Ten Readings of a Warning. In 2012, the band reunited for Outside Lands Festival in San Francisco. In the same year, they played in End of the Road Festival. No album has been released since then.  In an interview, Jason Lytle tell why the band name got their name Grandaddy; They realized that they are too ugly to seduce young women, so they try to appeal to old women, just like Morrissey. Birds frequently appear in their album cover, because birds are beautiful and colorful, and they can sing. Style. Grandaddy's music has features in the late 90s lo-fi indie rock. Their music has the catchy melodies that they are able to
The Executive Yuan (EY; ) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (ROC). Organization and structure. It is led by the Premier of the ROC. It has a Vice-Premier and eleven cabinet ministers. It also has from five to nine ministers without portfolio as its members. The vice premier, ministers, and chairpersons are chosen by the President of the ROC. This is on the recommendation of the premier. It was started in 1948. The EY is one of the five branches of government of the ROC under their constitution.
Jean Guttery Fritz (16 November 1915 – 14 May 2017) was an American children's writer and historian. Her parents were Arthur Minton and Myrtle Guttery. They were missionaries. Missionaries are people who set out on a mission to teach others about their religion. Early life. Fritz lived in China until she was 13 years old. She learned to speak Chinese before she learned English. In 1928 the family returned to the United States. As a child of missionaries she used her writing as a “private place.” She wrote her thoughts, feelings, and emotions. She also wrote down anything she thought about. Fritz wrote it all down. She wrote about many different things. Sometimes she copied some sections of poems and books that Fritz had read. She liked to read different poets and authors. Early career. Later in life these things she had written about turned into the books that she later wrote. On 1 November 1942 Fritz married Michael Fritz The couple later had two children. They were named David and Andrea. Career. Fritz has a record for writing information flooded, true books about real things that happened in history. She had been amazed about what had happened during the time of the American Revolution. She learned a great deal of information on the topic. It was really interesting to her. She wrote a handful of children's books about key figures and events that happened during that time. Most books she wrote are non-fictional children's’ books. Fritz has written some novels. She wrote a novel called "Brady". She dived into her search for information. She looked at primary sources. In 1986 she won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal. After her father's death she wrote the book "Homesick: My Own Story". It was about her own childhood experiences in China. After writing the book she visited China. Publication of Fritz' books. She started writing her books in the 1950s. Fritz knows much about happenings around the world.
"Youth in Action" is a European program that lasted from 2007 until 2013 labeled for young people in order to help make a shared European mindset where young people from different countries could enhance active citizenship as well as a shared cultural European history. It was made of 5 main actions under which several projects are done by local supporters who show their projects to their national agency. Allowed participants were young people who are between 13 and 30 years old. Other people could be part of this too. Older youth workers who are part of European youth events and are citizens of a European Union country could be part of the program. Source The program was given a budget of 885 million euros. Analysis of the program published in 2011 showed that in the years 2007-2009, more than 380,000 people took part in the different actions. Only 21,800 projects received a grant among 42,700 submissions. References. http://ec.europa.eu/youth/tools/youth-in-action_en.htm http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/youth/index_en.php  http://www.britishcouncil.org/youth-in-action