ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit global policy think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the United States Armed Forces. The RAND was started in 1946 inside the Douglas Aircraft Company. It was set up as an independent corporation in 1948. The name was taken from R&amp;D (research and development), though in fact it did no development.  Past. Since the 1950s, RAND research has helped form United States policy decisions on many issues: the space race, the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms confrontation, the creation of the Great Society social welfare programs, the digital revolution, and national health care. It was best known for the doctrine of nuclear deterrence by mutually assured destruction (MAD), based upon their work with game theory. Chief strategist Herman Kahn discussed the idea of a "winnable" nuclear exchange in his 1960 book "On Thermonuclear War". This led to Kahn being one of the models for "Dr Strangelove" in "". In the movie, RAND is spoofed as the "BLAND Corporation". Present. The RAND is now financed by the U.S. government and private endowment, corporations, the healthcare industry, universities, and private individuals.  The organization now works with other governments, private foundations, international organizations, and commercial organizations on a host of non-defence issues. RAND techniques were based on operations research (O.R.) which started in World War II. O.R. is the interdisciplinary application of scientific thinking to problem-solving. It relies mostly on the hard sciences like physics and mathematics, and economics. However, some famous biologists and social scientists have worked with RAND at times, and the importance of social ideas and thinking is more important than ever today. RAND has about 1,700 employees and three principal North American locations: Santa Monica, California (headquarters); Arlington, Virginia; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The RAND Gulf States Policy Institute has offices in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jackson, Mississippi. RAND Europe is located in Cambridge, England, and Brussels, Belgium. The RAND-Qatar Policy Institute is in Doha, Qatar. RAND's newest office is in Boston, Massachusetts. RAND is also home to
Siouxsie Sioux (born Susan Janet Ballion, 27 May 1957), is an English singer-songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer of rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees (1976–1996). They released 11 studio albums in their career and two UK top ten singles, "Hong Kong Garden" and "Dear Prudence".  In 1981, Sioux and drummer Budgie made a side-project called The Creatures. They released four studio albums and broke up in 2005. In 1994 she released a single with Morrissey called "Interlude". That year she also sang on a Hector Zazou song called "The Lighthouse". In 2004 she started performing on her own as Siouxsie. Her first solo album, "Mantaray", was released in 2007. In June 2013 she performed for the first time in five years at the Royal Festival Hall in London.  She plays guitar, piano, bass, and percussion. Her voice is in the coloratura contralto range. Personal life. In 1991 Sioux married Budgie, the Banshees' drummer. She said in an interview with "The Sunday Times" in 2007 that they had divorced. She lives in France.
The Brookings Institution is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. in the United States. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, mainly in economics, policy, government, foreign policy, and global economy and development. In the University of Pennsylvania’s "2012 Global go-to think tanks report", Brookings is ranked the most influential think tank in the world. Its mission is:  "to provide innovative and practical recommendations that advance three broad goals: strengthen American democracy; foster the economic and social welfare, security and opportunity of all Americans; and secure a more open, safe, prosperous, and cooperative international system". Brookings states that its scholars "represent diverse points of view" and describes itself as non-partisan. The media describe Brookings as "liberal-centrist" or "centrist". An analysis of Congressional records from 1993 to 2002 found that Brookings was referenced by conservative politicians almost as often as liberal politicians. It got a score of 53 on a 1-100 scale with 100 the most liberal score. The same study found Brookings to be the most frequently cited think tank by the U.S. media and politicians.
Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English musician. He is best known for being the lead singer of The Cure. He has been the only constant member in the band's 46-year history. They have released 13 studio albums and 10 EPs. Their biggest UK hit so far is "Lullaby", which reached number 5. Their biggest US hit is "Lovesong". In 1983, he released an album called "Blue Sunshine" with Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias' John Scott under the name The Glove. He has worked with other bands like Crystal Castles. He has also sung songs on his own for movie soundtracks. Personal life. Smith can play guitar, bass guitar, double bass, keyboard, violin, flute and trumpet. He has a tenor vocal range. He is married to Mary Poole, who he met at the age of 14 in a drama class. Smith was born in Blackpool, Lancashire. When he was three, his family moved to Horley. At six years old, Smith moved to Crawley. He was raised Catholic, but later became an atheist. In 1976, Smith was a member of a punk rock band called Malice. Smith then formed a band with members of Malice called Easy Cure. In 1978, they became The Cure. In 1979 they released their first album, "". It got good reviews. In 1999, Smith was going to end The Cure, but Ross Robinson persuaded him not to.  Awards and recognitions. Tim Burton gave Smith the Shockwaves NME Godlike Genius Award in 2006. There have been lots of references to Smith in pop culture. In 2004 in episode 11 of series 2 of "The Mighty Boosh" Vince Noir says to Howard Moon that he can spend the evening with two goth girls if he dresses like a goth. Vince gives Howard a can of "Goth Juice: the most powerful hairspray known to man, made from the tears of Robert Smith". Lush made a hair gel inspired by this called Goth Juice that says 'made from the tears of Robert Smith' on the pot, but they don't make it anymore.  Smith appeared in the twelfth episode of season 1 of "South Park", "Mecha-Streisand" in 1998. At the time the episode brought South Park their biggest number of viewers for an episode to date.
The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI) is a British defence and security think tank.  It was founded in 1831 by the Duke of Wellington. RUSI describes itself as "the leading forum in the UK for national and international Defence and Security". It won Prospect Magazine's Think Tank of the Year Award 2008. In 2009, the same magazine named RUSI "Foreign Policy Think Tank of the Year". In 2011 RUSI celebrated its 180th Anniversary. RUSI's Director is Michael Clarke and its President is HRH the Duke of Kent.
The Guennol Lioness is a 5,000-year-old Mesopotamian statue found near Baghdad, Iraq. It shows the form of a muscular anthropomorphic lioness-woman. The sculpture sold for $57.2 million at Sotheby's auction house on December 5, 2007. The sculpture was on loan to the Brooklyn Museum of Art until it was purchased at auction by an English collector. The limestone sculpture is just over 8 cm (3.25 in) tall. It was described by Sotheby's as "one of the last known masterworks from the dawn of civilization remaining in private hands". One day before the auction, experts had been estimating that the highest bid would be between $14 million and $18 million. At the time of its 2007 sale, the price paid at auction for the Guennol Lioness was the highest paid for a sculpture to that date. It easily exceeded the record of Pablo Picasso's "Tete de femme (Dora Maar)". On 3 February 2010, however, the second edition of the cast of the sculpture "L'Homme qui marche I" (Walking Man I) by Alberto Giacometti sold for £65,001,250 ($104,327,006) and overtook the Guennol Lioness as the most expensive sculpture ever sold at auction. This lioness-woman sculpture is an Elamite figure believed to have been created about 3000–2800 B.C. Its historical significance is that it was made about the same time as the first known use of the wheel, the development of cuneiform writing, and the emergence of the first cities. Many ancient Near East deities were represented as anthropomorphic figures. Such images evoked the Mesopotamian belief in attaining power over the physical world by combining the superior physical attributes of various species. It is possible that the nearby Sumerians borrowed this powerful artistic hybrid from the Proto-Elamites. The lioness was the frequent subject of veneration among cultures familiar with the well-coordinated hunting of female lions.
Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), also known as her stage name Lana Del Rey, is an American singer and songwriter from New York. She has released nine albums and four EPs since 2008. Early life. Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (Lana Del Rey) was born on June 21, 1985, in Manhattan, New York City.  Del Rey was raised Catholic. She sang in her Church choir when she was young. She was the cantor. When she was fourteen, she was sent to Kent School, a boarding school in Connecticut, to deal with her alcoholism. she was offered a chance at university, but chose to skip a year and move with her aunt and uncle as a waitress. When she was 19, she moved to the Bronx to study metaphysics at Fordham University. Career. After moving to New York City, Lana Del Rey started performing in local bars as a singer-guitarist. She made many demos before signing to a record label. This includes a demo album called "Sirens" in 2006. Del Rey released her first EP, "Kill Kill", in 2008. She used the name Lizzy Grant. Two years later, she released her first album, titled "Lana Del Ray", under an indie label called 5 Points Records. This is the only album where "Rey" was spelled as "Ray" in her name. However, the album was deleted three months after. She released her first single as Lana Del Rey, "Video Games", in August 2011. It reached number one in the singles charts in six countries. Her second album "Born to Die" was released in January 2012. It reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart. "Born to Die" was re-released in November 2012 as "". It had eight new songs. The new songs were also available as a separate EP called "Paradise." The EP was nominated for Best Pop Vocal album at the Grammys. In 2013, she made a song called "Young and Beautiful" for "The Great Gatsby" soundtrack. It was nominated for the "Best Song
St. Bees School is a boarding school for boys and girls aged 4-18 in St. Bees, a West Cumbrian village. It was started in 1583 by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Grindal as a boys' "free grammar school". The term 'free' did not mean that the school didn't charge the students, but that the school wasn't ruled by the Church. In 1976 the school became open to girls. The school grounds are about 250 acres (1,000,000 m2). In 2013, 100% of GCSEs were A*-C, and 43% were A*/A. The school has a swimming pool which can be used by people who don't go to the school.
Daughter is an English indie rock band from London. They released their first album "If You Leave" in 2013, which reached 16 in the UK Albums Chart.  Career. At first, Daughter was just a name for the music of singer Elena Tonra. Then Tonra met guitarist Igor Haefeli and drummer Remi Aguilella at London's the Institute of Contemporary Music Performance and made Daughter a band. Haefeli is Tonra's boyfriend. In April 2011 they released their first EP, "His Young Heart". On October 2 2011 their second EP was released by Communion Records. In 2012 they were signed to the British record label 4AD. Daughter's first single "Smother" was released in 2012. "Youth" was played in UK drama "Skins" in the eighth episode of series six and in "Grey's Anatomy" and" Mistresses".  In March 2013 Daughter's first album "If You Leave" was released by 4AD. It got mostly good reviews. Daughter performed at the John Peel stage at Glastonbury Festival 2013. This was the first time they were on UK TV. They are currently touring Europe. On 28 October 2013 the fourth single was released from "If You Leave", "Amsterdam". "Human", the third single from "If You Leave", is on Zane Lowe's 100 Hottest Records of 2013. In December 2013 NME put "If You Leave" on their list of 50 Best Albums Of 2013.
Xiu Xiu is an American band formed in 2002. The members are Jamie Stewart, the band's only constant member, Shayna Dunkelman, Ches Smith, and Angela Seo. They have released 9 studio albums. Career. They released their first album, "Knife Play", in 2002. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8.3/10. In 2008 they released "Women As Lovers". The sixth song on the album, "Under Pressure", is a cover of a 1981 song by Queen and David Bowie. Michael Gera sings in it. The version of the album on American iTunes has seven extra tracks. They released their ninth album, "Always", in 2012. On December 2 2012 they released an album of covers of Nina Simone songs called "Nina". Xiu Xiu released their ninth studio album "Angel Guts: Red Classroom" on February 4, 2014. "Unclouded Sky" will be released later in 2014.
Bath Spa railway station is the main railway station in the city of Bath, Somerset, in South West England It's served by First Great Western, South West Trains and CrossCountry. It is on the Great Western Main Line and joins the Wessex Main Line via Bradford-on-Avon. Future. There are plans to electrify the Great Western mainline, which would make trains faster and bigger, shortening journey times. This will also make the journey a lot quicker and smoother. Changes to the station. First Great Western has manage Bath Spa. As of 2005, the main building is listed (protected). Building work has taken place at the station, like changes to the building, with the more lifts to the platforms. They also have ticket barriers. There were other changes in 2011 with a new bus station, and change some of the station car parks into a restaurant complex, costing £12 million.
is a Japanese retired professional wrestler better known under the ring names, Jushin Liger and Jushin "Thunder" Liger. He mainly worked for New Japan Pro Wrestling. He worked for them from 1984 until he retired in 2020. He has competed many different professional wrestling companies in Japan and North America. Liger worked for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1991 to 1999. During his time in WCW, he won the WCW Light Heavyweight Championship when he defeated then-champion Brian Pillman during a house show in Atlanta, Georgia on December 25, 1991. He held the title for 2 months and was defeated Pillman at SuperBrawl II. He also challenged Konnan for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship at Slamboree '96 but lost the match. He also competed for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2005 to 2006. Liger captained the New Japan team in the TNA 2006 World X Cup Tournament. They defeated Petey Williams, captain of Team Canada at TNA Sacrifice on May 14, 2006 using a Crash Thunder Buster when Williams was distracted by the rest of Team Japan. Liger was eliminated in the X-Cup Gauntlet later in the same night and Team Japan was not able to gain any points in the match as it was won by Team Canada with Team Mexico as runners up. On March 7, 2019, Liger said that he was going to retire after Wrestle Kingdom 14. At Wrestle Kingdom 14, Liger wrestled in his last match. He teamed with Naoki Sano and they lost to Hiromu Takahashi and Ryu Lee. Liger was the innovator of the Shooting star press. The Jushin Liger gimmick is based on an extremely popular anime superhero, Jushin Liger.
Guernésiais is a Norman language spoken on the Channel island of Guernsey. It is related to the Jèrriais language on nearby Jersey island. It is part of the Oïl languages family. Only 2% of the island's people speak the language. The most recent dictionary of Guernésais, "Dictiounnaire Angllais-guernesiais" by Marie de Garis, was released in 1967. It was revised in 1982.
No Way Out (2012), known as No Escape in Germany, was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It took place on June 17, 2012 at the Izod Center in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the twelfth and last No Way Out event held by WWE. The following year, its June slot was given to a new PPV called Payback.
Jon Huber (December 16, 1979 – December 26, 2020), better known by his ring names Luke Harper and Brodie Lee, was an American professional wrestler. In WWE he was a one-time Intercontinental Champion and a three-time Tag Team Champion (two-time SmackDown and one-time NXT Tag Team Champion). Huber also wrestled under the ring name Brodie Lee, working for promotions such as All Elite Wrestling (where he was the leader of The Dark Order and a former TNT Champion), Alpha-1 Wrestling, Chikara, Combat Zone Wrestling, Dragon Gate USA, Jersey All Pro Wrestling and Ring of Honor. He was born in Rochester, New York. Career. WWE (2012–2020). On March 12, 2012, it was reported that Huber had signed a developmental contract with WWE. He made his debut for WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) at a house show on May 18, working under the new ring name Luke Harper. When FCW changed its name to NXT Wrestling, he debuted on the December 12, 2012 episode of NXT as a follower of Bray Wyatt, who introduced Rowan as his "first son". Erick Rowan was later introduced as Wyatt's "second son" and Harper started to team with Rowan. They defeated Percy Watson and Yoshi Tatsu on the January 9, 2013 episode of NXT and defeated them again on the January 23 episode of NXT in the first round of the NXT Tag Team Championship tournament. Harper and Rowan defeated Bo Dallas and Michael McGillicutty in the semi-finals but were defeated in the finals by Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey. Harper and Rowan won a triple threat elimination tag match on the May 2 episode of NXT and defeated Neville and Bo Dallas who replaced the injured Grey, on the May 8 NXT (taped on May 2) to win the tag titles. On June 20, they lost the NXT Tag Team Championship to Adrian Neville and Corey Graves. Starting on May 27, 2013, videos played on "Raw" to promote the upcoming main roster debut of the Wyatt Family. They debuted on
Olympe de Gouges (; born Marie Gouze; 7 May 17483 November 1793) was a French activist, feminist, playwright, and political writer. She was born in Balbrigan, France. De Gouges never went to school. She had strong opinions about politics, and she liked to write about her opinions.   In 1765, when de Gouges was 17, she married a French officer, named Louis Aubrey, who was older than her. They had one child together. Three years later, Louis died in a flood. De Gouges was relieved, and never married again. De Gouges wanted to be a writer. So, she moved to Paris, and left her son behind. She made a writer name out of her parents names mixed together. She used high ranking men to gain power. When she started writing, she wrote plays, political documents, and novels. Some of her work was: "Le Mariage inattendu de Cheacute;rubin and Zamore et Mirza ou l'Heureux naufrage." She started to write documents about human rights, mostly for women.  At the time, France was divided about rights. De Gouges may not have saved her country, but she did give her opinion to this debate.
Stanley Milgram (August 15, 1933 – December 20, 1984) was an American social psychologist. He is most famous for his controversial study about obedience to authority figures. In these experiments, Milgram showed that about two out of three people would follow orders of an authority figure to the point of risking the life of, or perhaps even killing, an innocent person. He got the idea from the Holocaust. He wrote a book about his experiments called "Obedience to Authority". The idea of six degrees of separation comes from Milgram's 1967 small-world experiment. It has been criticized a lot, but in 2008 Microsoft found that the average chain of contacts between users of its '.NET Messenger Service' was 6.6 people. A study published in the January 2014 volume of "Computers in Human Behavior" found that the average number of acquaintances separating people in unusual jobs is 3.9, and 3.2 for average Facebook users. Early life. Milgram was born to a Jewish family in New York City.
Theodor W. Adorno (; ; born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German sociologist, philosopher, composer, and music theorist.  He designed the F-scale with other researchers at the University of California. This scale tried to measure "the authoritarian personality". "F" stands for "Fascist". He wrote about this in the 1950 book "The Authoritarian Personality." He was a Marxist.
Typhoon Haiyan (or Super Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines) is one of the strongest tropical cyclones in history. It formed on November 3, 2013, in the western Pacific Ocean. It began east-southeast of Pohnpei. The storm later hit the Philippines with extremely high winds and a strong storm surge. It has caused major damage in the Visayas. At least 6,241 people died in the storm. The director of Meteorology at Weather Underground, Jeff Masters, said this could be the strongest tropical system to reach land. Haiyan's winds were near 195 miles an hour.
Curtis Michael "Curt" Hennig (March 28, 1958 – February 10, 2003) was an American professional wrestler, manager and color commentator. He is known for competing in the American Wrestling Association (AWA), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He competed under his real name and under the ring name, Mr. Perfect. He was the son of wrestler Larry "The Axe" Hennig. He was the father of former WWE superstar Joe "Curtis Axel" Hennig. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Major League Baseball player and longtime friend Wade Boggs in 2007. He is considered to be one of the greatest ever in-ring performers.
Catherine "Kate" Bush (born 30 July 1958) is an English singer-songwriter. In 1978, her first single "Wuthering Heights" was Number 1 in the UK for a month, making her the first woman to have a No.1 in the UK with a song she had written by herself. She has released ten studio albums and 25 UK hit singles. She is also known for her 1985 single "Running Up That Hill". Early life. Bush was born in Welling, Kent and raised in East Wickham. At the age of 11 she taught herself piano. At 13 she was writing songs, some of which featured on her first album. Career. In July 1976 Bush was signed to EMI. Bush's first album "The Kick Inside "was released 17 February 1978 and reached number three in the UK album charts. The album had her brother Paddy playing harmonica and mandolin. She released her second album "Lionheart" nine months afterwards. It reached number six in the UK album chart.  In 1979 she did The Tour of Life, her only tour until August 2014.  In 1980 she had her first UK No.1 album, "Never for Ever". "Babooshka" was the best-selling single from the album. It reached number five in the UK and was the 20th best-selling single of the year in Australia.  In 1982 her fourth album, "The Dreaming", was released. It was the first album she had produced. It was also her first album to enter the US "Billboard" 200 chart. It went straight to number 3 in the UK chart but it is her lowest-selling album so far.  "Hounds of Love'"s" "1985 release gave Bush her second No.1 album. It is her best-selling studio album so far. Its first single, "Running Up That Hill", was her most successful 1980s release. It reached No.3 in the UK, her second highest chart place for a single ever. In 1986 it was used as the theme