ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Dorothy is a female given name. It comes from the Greek Δωροθέα ("Dōrothéa") meaning "God's Gift", from δῶρον ("dōron"), "gift" + θεός ("theós"), "god". There are also male names in English such as "Dorie" from the Greek word "Δωρόθεος" ("Dōrótheos"). Also, the given names Theodore and Theodora come from the same two Greek words as Dorothy, but in the reverse order. Dorothy became one of the most popular girl's names in the United States between 1904 and 1940. It was ranked among the top 10 most popular names given to American newborn girls. The name was in the top 100 most popular names for American girls until 1961. In 2006 it was ranked 986 in the top 1,000 most popular names for American newborn girls. There were 235 newborn American girls given the name in 2010.  Famous people named Dorothy. In fiction:
Gustav II Adolf (19 December 1594 – 16 November 1632) was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He is known in English as Gustavus Adolphus. He is often said to have made Sweden a great power. (). He is also said to be one of the best military leaders of all time. Gustav led Sweden to be a military power during the Thirty Years' War and spent most of his reign fighting. Life. Gustavus Adolphus was born in Stockholm. His parents were Charles IX of Sweden and his second wife, Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. When his father died in October 1611, while Gustavus was only 16 years old, he became King of Sweden. Gustavus married Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg. Their daughter Christina later became Queen of Sweden. In June 1630 he landed in Germany, starting the Swedish fight in the Thirty Year's War on the Anti-Imperial Protestant side, which was losing at the time. With Sweden's help the situation flipped so that the Protestants were winning. Gustavus died in the Battle of Lützen in 1632 while leading a cavalry attack. Gustavus Adolphus Day. Gustavus Adolphus Day is on 6 November. Every year it is celebrated in Sweden, Estonia and Finland. On this day only, a special pastry is sold that has a chocolate or marzipan medallion of the king.
The Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions is a yearly tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!". It features 15 players who have won the most games from the past season. It started in 1964 when Art Fleming was host of the show; it is also played on the show with Alex Trebek as host until 2019, with Buzzy Cohen guest hosting the 2021 Tournament of Champions. Ken Jennings is now the host of the tournament starting with the 2022 Tournament of Champions. Winners of the College Championship (since 1989) and the Teachers Tournament (since 2011) also play in the Tournament of Champions. "Jeopardy!"'s Tournament of Champions takes two weeks. The first five games are the quarterfinals, with three new contestants each day. The winners of the five games move on to the semi-finals. The four players with the highest scores who did not win their quarterfinal game also move on as "wild card" players. If there is a tie at the end of a game, one final answer is given, and the first player to ring in with the correct response wins the game. If all three players have a score of zero, none of the players move on to the semi-finals, and another wild card spot is added. The next three games are the semi-final games. The three winners of the semi-finals move on to the finals, which happens over two games and two days. Unlike the quarterfinals, if all three players have a score of zero, one final answer is given, with the first player to ring in with the correct question wins the game. This rule change was first implemented in 2013 to avoid a repeat of the November 2012 taping of the Teen Tournament which made it unfair for contestants who played in the semifinal before the zero loss. In each finals game, the players start with zero scores; after the second finals game, each player's score is added to their score from the first game, with the highest score being the winner, or "Grand Champion." The other two players win smaller cash prizes or their two-day total, whichever is higher. In 2022 (Season 38
The Jeopardy! Teen Tournament is a yearly tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!" It features middle school and high school students between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. The tournament plays like the Tournament of Champions. 15 contestants play in a two week tournament. The first five games are the quarterfinals, with three new contestants each day. The winners of the five games move on to the semi-finals. The four losing contestants with the highest scores also move on as "wild card" players. If there is a tie at the end of a game, a Final Jeopardy!-type answer is given, and the first player to ring in with the correct response wins the game. If all three players have a score of zero, none of the contestants move on to the semi-finals, and another wild card spot is added. The next three games are the semi-final games. The three winners of the semi-finals move on to the finals. The last two games are the two-day finals. In both games, the contestants start with zero scores, and the contestants' final scores from the two days are added together to see who is the winner. The contestant with the highest score from the two days wins. The other two contestants win smaller cash prizes. Contestant selection. 1990s. Would-be contestants mailed postcards with their names and addresses to "Jeopardy!". 1,200 teens were selected at random from the postcard entries and were invited to come (at their own expense) to one of four regional test centers ("e.g." Houston, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles) to take a timed written qualifying examination with the 50 clues read by Alex Trebek on a video monitor at the front of an exam room. Passing scorers were invited back for an interview and mock game using an electronic buzzer system. Their photographs are taken for their files, and they are asked to fill out a short information sheet with interesting facts about themselves that may be later used by Alex Trebek during the interview portion of the show. Selected contestants and alternates were notified that they had been chosen to appear on the show one to two months later. They are then flown to Los
The Jeopardy! College Championship is a yearly tournament on the American television game show "Jeopardy!" It features full-time undergraduate college students who have not yet gotten a degree. The Jeopardy! College Championship is one of the traditional tournaments held each season on the TV quiz show Jeopardy! Contestants in this tournament are full-time undergraduate college students with no prior degrees and traditionally wear a sweater bearing the name of their college or university during their appearances. The existence of this tournament does not disqualify college students from auditioning for the regular shows, but tournament participants cannot later compete in regular play. The tournament began during the 1988-89 season (Season 5) and has been played every season (except for seasons 31, 35, and 37), always during any one of the three traditional sweeps ratings periods (November, February, or May) with the exception of being held in April 2018 due to Alex Trebek's brain surgery and April 2020 due to The Greatest of All Time Tournament. Some contestants for the inaugural tournament were selected through contestant searches held in Daytona Beach, Florida, and Palm Springs, California, during the Spring break season in 1989. Format. The College Championship uses a ten-game format similar to that used for the Tournament of Champions and the Teen Tournament: 15 players, in groups of three, play in five quarterfinal games; the winners of those five games and the four highest-scoring nonwinners as wild cards become the nine semifinalists who compete in three games, with no two players rematching each other in the semifinal round. The three semifinal winners advance to the two-day final round, in which contestants play two separate matches, with the contestants' combined scores for both matches determining the champion (contestants start with $0 each day). Prizes. Cash. All College Championship contestants receive cash prizes, based on their progress through the tournament. Contestants eliminated prior to the finals receive fixed payouts, while contestants in the finals receive guaranteed minimums, but can earn more. Over time, the prizes have increased in value, as shown below: Trophies. Winners also receive a small replica trophy of the larger College
Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (25 September 191519 June 1953) and Julius Rosenberg (12 May 191819 June 1953) were an American married couple who were executed for espionage during the Cold War.  The Rosenbergs were members of the Communist Party of the United States. They were accused of giving information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union (a communist country). Later evidence showed that Julius was a spy, but Ethel was not.  Espionage. Julius Rosenberg was an electrical engineer at the United States Army Corps Engineering Laboratories. He was recruited by Soviet spies on Labor Day in 1942. By late 1944, Julius had become a recruiter for Soviet spies, and he supervised several other spies, including his brother-in-law David Greenglass. Greenglass was a machinist for the Manhattan Project (the United States Army's secret program to build an atomic bomb).  Greenglass was arrested on 15 June 1950. He confessed to spying and said Julius was involved. He later testified that he gave Julius information about nuclear weapons. Greenglass originally said his sister Ethel was not involved, but later said she was.  On 17 July 1950, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arrested Julius. They arrested Ethel three and a half weeks later. The Rosenbergs were accused of giving information about nuclear weapons to another spy, who then gave it to a Soviet official in New York City.  Convictions. In 1951 Julius and Ethel were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war. President Dwight D. Eisenhower later explained in a press release: "They have been found guilty of conspiring with intent and reason to believe that it would [help] a foreign power, to deliver to ... that foreign power certain highly secret atomic information relating to the national defense of the United States." Many people (in many countries) thought the Rosenbergs were innocent. Some supporters thought they were being persecuted because of antisemitism. (Both were of Jewish descent.) Others believed the Rosenbergs were guilty, but should not be executed.  Executions. As president, Eisenhower had the power
Bernard "Bernie" Sahlins (1922 – June 16, 2013) was an American writer, television and theatre director, and comedian. He was best known as a founder of The Second City improvisational comedy troupe with Paul Sills and Howard Alk in 1959. Sahlins also opened the Second City Theatre in Toronto in 1973. Sahlins was born in 1922 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Chicago in 1943. On June 16, 2013, Sahlins died at his home from natural causes in Chicago, Illinois, aged 90. He was survived by his wife, Jane Nicholl Sahlins.
Stanley Edward Lopata (September 12, 1925 – June 15, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. Lopata played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for parts of 13 seasons with the Philadelphia Phillies and Milwaukee Braves. A two-time all-star, he was the first National League catcher to wear glasses. Lopata was born on September 12, 1925 in Delray, Michigan. He studied at Southwestern High School. Lopata died on June 15, 2013 from heart failure in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 87.
Michael Mahon Hastings (January 28, 1980 – June 18, 2013) was an American journalist, writer and reporter for BuzzFeed. The son of doctors Molly and Brent Hastings, he graduated from Rice Memorial High School in South Burlington, Vermont in 1998, and New York University in 2002. He was a regular writer for "Gentlemen's Quarterly" and a contributing editor at "Rolling Stone" magazine. From 2002 - 2008, he was a journalist for "Newsweek" magazine, famous for his Iraq War coverage and book about the death of his fiancée Andrea Parhamovich "I Lost My Love in Baghdad: A Modern War Story". Hastings died in a 4:30am single-vehicle automobile crash in Los Angeles on June 18, 2013.
Carly Rose Sonenclar (born April 20, 1999) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. In 2012, Sonenclar finished in second place in season 2 of "The X Factor USA". She started her career as an actress on Broadway in 2006, and she also played Gilda in the television show "The Electric Company". She later became a singer, and sang the National Anthem at sporting events. In 2012, Sonenclar auditioned for "The X Factor USA" season two, singing the song "Feeling Good", which gave her praise from the judges. During the season, Sonenclar was normally among the top two most voted contestants, along with Tate Stevens. In the finale, Sonenclar finished in second behind Stevens. In 2013, Sonenclar signed with record label Syco Music.
Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 – December 9, 2003) was an American politician from Illinois. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985, and in United States Senate from 1985 to 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, he unsuccessfully ran for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination. Simon was famous for his distinctive appearance that included a bowtie and horn-rimmed glasses. Simon was born on November 29, 1928 in Eugene, Oregon. He studied at the University of Oregon and attended Dana College. Simon was married to Jeanne Hurley from 1960 until her death in 2000. Then he was married to Patricia Derge from 2001 until his death in 2003. He had two children with Jeanne. One of them was Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Sheila Simon. Simon died on December 9, 2003 from surgical complications after undergoing heart surgery in Springfield, Illinois, aged 75.
The Tet Offensive was a military campaign during the Vietnam War that started on 30 January 1968. It was fought by the communist forces of the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, which were aided by North Vietnam, against the non-communist South Vietnamese government, aided by the United States and other allies. Its purpose was to surprise the enemy with attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers in South Vietnam. Eventually, the Americans and the non-communist South Vietnamese managed to fight off the communist forces for a military victory. However, the massive fighting during the Tet Offensive made most Americans go from supporting the fighting in Vietnam to opposing it. The military and the government had told the Americans that the their country was close to winning. After that was disproved by the offensive, the US was said to have won the battle but to have lost the war.
The Division of Darling Downs was an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was one of the original 75 divisions for the first Australian election in 1901. It was named for the Darling Downs region of Queensland. It included the city of Toowoomba and surrounding rural areas.  Members. Its famous members included Sir Littleton Groom, Cabinet minister and Speaker, and Arthur Fadden, Prime Minister of Australia in 1941. The electorate's first member, William Henry Groom, died at the first Commonwealth Parliament meeting in Melbourne in 1901. His death led to Australia's first by-election, which was won by his son Littleton. The seat was abolished in 1984, largely being replaced by the Division of Groom.
A siddur () is a Jewish prayer book. It has a set order of a list of Jewish prayers and blessings. "Siddurs", which come from a Hebrew root meaning "order", have a very long history and so they can be found in a number of versions in different streams in Judaism.
The District of Grevenmacher () was one of three districts of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital was the city of Grevenmacher. In 2015, the districts were abolished. It was the easternmost of the districts and the smallest of the three districts, with an area of . It is the district with less people living in it with a population of 64,978 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². History. When the districts were created on 24 February 1843, Grevenmacher was one of the three of the country. On 2012, the communes of Burmerange and Wellenstein were made part of the commune of Schengen. So the number of communes changed from 26 to 24. Geography. The district of Grevenmacher is bordered to the north by the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, to the east by the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, to the south by France (the Moselle "département") and to the west by the Luxembourg district. Composition. The Diekirch district has 3 cantons and 24 "communes".
Eva Marie Cassidy (February 2, 1963 - November 2, 1996) was an American singer, vocalist and musician. She was born in Washington, D.C. to a German immigrant mother and father of Scottish-Irish ancestry. She performed pop, country and jazz music. In 1992, she released her first album, "The Other Side". Cassidy died in Bowie, Maryland, of malignant melanoma, aged thirty-three.
Digital Audio Tape is a magnetic tape that permits to record audio. The recording is digital, its quality is similar to that of a compact disc. It was developed in the 1980s to replace the compact casette. Like tapes used for recording video, the tape can only be played in one direction, the "cassette" only has one side. It competed with Digital Compact Cassette (DCC), and the Minidisc. Unlike these however, it allows for an exact digital copy of the source; DCC and Minidisc use lossy data compression. DAT tapes were also used to back up computer data in the 1990s and early 2000s. Most computer DAT drives will not read audio DAT tapes.
Sex segregation is a highly controversial culture-related definition for separation of people according to their sex. This can occur in both public and private areas. There are four levels for sex segregation: permissive, voluntary, administrative and mandatory.  It is always done in prisons and in military service. Socially it is done in sports, but not necessarily in mental sports. It is always done in schools in countries where the religion dictates it. Sex segregation is very unusual at primary school level. Religion has its effects, but the Christian religion no longer mandates separation. It once did. Clothing is the other area where differences occur. Again, Muslim countries still demand a dress code for women, but the rest of the world is more diverse. A point which is rarely made is that the simple wearing of clothes is often mandatory, and nude people may be arrested. Practice varies at certain places, such as the seaside.
The Digital Compact Cassette (DCC) was a format of magnetic tape, developed to replace the compact cassette. It competed with the Minidisc and the Digital Audio Tape (DAT), but neither format could replace the compact cassette. It was marketed as a cheaper alternative to DAT.  Equipment for the digital compact cassette was able to playback analog compact cassettes as well; recording could only be done to DCC, though. A DCC tape is similar in appearance to a regular cassette, except that it has reel access holes on only one side, and has a shutter covering both the tape and reel access holes, similar to the shutter on a floppy disk. This protects the tape and also prevents it from being accidentally inserted into an analog cassette deck. Some DCC players could also play analog compact cassettes (DAT players couldn't do so), these players would detect the cassette type from the presence or absence of the shutter cover.  Unlike DAT, DCC uses lossy data compression. This means that the copy of the data is not identical to the original. Audio data could be compressed to about 25% of its original size.  The main problem of the format was tied to handling: Finding a song in the middle of a 90 minute tape takes several minutes. With Minidisc it is instantaneous. Minidisc allows to delete or move tracks, features which the digital compact cassette cannot offer.  Even though some of the features were addressed (like rewinding a 90 minute tape in less than a minute), the format never gained much market share. The compression format used by DCC is based on MP1, which came before MP3. The CD-R, which is compatible with standard CD players, eventually replaced both DCC and MiniDisc for home audio recording. The CD-R also replaced analog tape.
The term fat acceptance movement refers to social movements seeking to change social attitudes regarding being overweight. The movement has a political and culture related background, and its activities include although are not limited to sports, shopping and fashion matters. This movement argues that those who are overweight are targets of being discriminated against, threatened by hatred and subjected to major prejudice. There have been many debates within this movement.
The revenge of the Forty-seven Ronin took place in Japan at the start of the 18th century. It describes a historical event, but there is a lot of fiction added to the story too. The story tells of a group of samurai who were left leaderless (becoming "ronin") after their daimyo (lord) Asano Naganori had to kill himself by committing "seppuku" (ritual suicide). He had to do this because he assaulted a court official named Kira Yoshinaka. The "ronin" waited and planned almost two years, and then killed Kira to avenge their master's honour. They delivered Kira's head to Asano's grave. After that, the "ronin" had to kill themselves by committing "seppuku" as they had committed the crime of murder. One noted Japanese scholar described the tale, the most famous example of the samurai code of honor, "bushidō," as the country's "national legend."
The term femicide refers to killing women. Feminist Diana Russell is one of the many early pioneers of the term; she defines the word as referring to killing women because of their gender. The term was first used around 1801 in England to represent the killing of women. The term has created controversy, and other feminists differ on what the word "femicide" really means. Brazil. In Brazil, crime is in the Brazilian Criminal Code since 2012. The penalty for this crime is 12 to 30 years in prison.
Avenue Franklin Roosevelt is a street in Brussels, Ixelles. It is next parallel to Bois de la Cambre, a forest in Brussels. Many houses there were built in the Second World War. It is known as one of the most beautiful boulevards in Brussels. The Ixelles community opposes that people build shops or hotels and apartment buildings have to be no bigger than 16 meters high. There are many embassies and residences of ambasadors located on Avenue Franklin Roosevelt. History. The avenue was named "Avenue des Nations" in 1922, after Leopold II came the visit de Universal Exposition from 1910. He said it should be a residential area. In 1945, de "Avenue des Nations" becomes Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, in honor of the president of America.