ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Calls for the destruction of Israel refer to expressions that call for the physical elimination of Israel as a modern country, many forms of which have been considered by scholars and officials as hate speech inciting genocide against Jews due to Israel's Jewish-majority population. Overview. Such calls have been noted since the 1940s. In 1947, Arab League's leader Azzam Pasha said in the well-known "Azzam Pasha quotation" that he hoped for the Arabs not to be "forced into a war of extermination" if a Jewish state was to be founded. This statement has been regarded by scholars and officials as a threat to commit genocide against Jews. Before the Six-Day War in 1967, there was reportedly a full consensus among Arab states that Israel needed to be destroyed. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser repeatedly called for the destruction of Israel. Palestinian terrorist groups, including the Hamas, Houthis and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), have called for the destruction of Israel. History. 20th century. Before and after modern Israel was founded in 1948, Arab leaders in the Middle East made several statements calling for the physical elimination of Israel. Government of Saudi Arabia. In late 1947, King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia told U.S. President Harry S. Truman: Azzam Pasha quotation. In October 1947, in response to the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) report, Arab League's Secretary-General Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam said, Arab Women's Organization. In 1948, Matiel Mughannam, the leader of the Arab Women's Organization, remarked, Government of Egypt. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser called for the destruction of Israel repeatedly. At the United Nations General Assembly in September 1960, Nasser argued that "the annulment of Israel's existence" was the only solution to the Israel–Palestine conflict. Nasser repeated in 1964, In 1965, Nasser threatened, 21st century. Government of Iran. Since the Islamists took over Iran in 1979, opposition to the existence of Israel has been the state policy of Iran, with the two countries in a constant state of conflict. In 2000, Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei said, In 2001, Ali Khamenei stated, During the Israel–Hamas war, Ali Khamenei said on May 24, 2024,
Kumbh Mela is a big festival and pilgrimage in Hinduism. On February 4, 2019, it had the largest gathering of Hindus ever seen. This festival happens about every 12 years when Jupiter finishes one round in the sky. Kumbh Mela takes place in four main cities by rivers: Prayagraj (where Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati meet), Haridwar (Ganges), Nashik (Godavari), and Ujjain (Shipra). Since 2022, a fifth place was added at Bansberia Tribeni Sangam in West Bengal at the meeting of the Hooghly and Saraswati rivers. This event was stopped 700 years ago but has now restarted. People celebrate Kumbh Mela by bathing in rivers, believing it washes away sins and makes up for past wrongs. It also has fairs, teachings by saints, large gatherings of monks, and entertainment. The 8th-century Hindu saint Adi Shankara is believed to have started this festival to encourage learning and discussion among Hindus. However, the name "Kumbh Mela" has been recorded only since the 19th century. Earlier, a similar event called Magha Mela existed, where people gathered for holy dips in rivers. Some scholars say the modern Kumbh Mela grew during British rule after the 1857 rebellion. The festival happens at each site every 12 years, based on the positions of Jupiter, the sun, and the moon in the Hindu calendar. In Prayagraj and Haridwar, a smaller festival called Ardha (half) Kumbh Mela takes place every 6 years. The timing of Ujjain and Nashik Kumbh Melas has been debated, but they usually happen about 3 years after Prayagraj’s festival. In other parts of India, smaller versions of this event are called Magha Mela or Makar Mela. For example, Tamil Nadu has a festival at Kumbakonam every 12 years. Similar events also happen in Kurukshetra, Sonipat, and Nepal. The Kumbh Mela lasts
Universal Time (UT or UT1) is a way to tell time based on how the Earth turns. At first, it was measured by the Sun at 0° longitude, but measuring the Sun exactly is hard. So, UT1 is now found using the Earth's position in space, called the Earth Rotation Angle (ERA). ERA takes the place of Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time. UT1 is the same everywhere on Earth. UT1 must follow this rule: formula_1; where formula_2
Sanam Chauhdry is a Pakistani former actress who appeared in Urdu television and films. She made her acting debut in "Mazung De Meena Sheena" (2012) as a supporting actress. Then, she received critical acclaim for "Aasmanon Pay Likha" (2013) and "Zindagi Tujh Ko Jiya" (2016), for which she won the Hum Award for Best Soap Actress. She made her film debut in "Jackpot" (2018). Sanam also played lead roles and rose to fame in "Ghar Titli Ka Par" (2017), "Ab Dekh Khuda Kya Karta Hai" (2018), "Haiwan" (2018) and "Meer Abru". In August 2021, she retired from her acting. Early and personal life. Sanam was born on 27 August 1997 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and graduated from the University of Central Punjab. On November 27 2019, Chaudhry married singer Somee Chohan. On 5 October 2020, Chohan announced the birth of their son.
The President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville governs the island, which is an autonomous entity within Papua New Guinea. The first President of Bougainville was Joseph Kabui, who was elected in June 2005, following the 2000 peace agreement which ended the Bougainville War. Kabui died of an apparent heart attack on 7 June 2008, and Vice-President John Tabinaman took over as Acting President until a new election was held. Bougainvilleans elected the next President in December 2008, choosing James Tanis. Previous regional leaders. Bougainville has been headed by several different types of administration: a decentralised administration headed by a Premier (as North Solomons Province from 1975 to 1990), an appointed administrator during the height of the Bougainville Civil War (from 1990 to 1995), a Premier heading the Bougainville Transitional Government (from 1995 to 1998), the co-chairmen of the Bougainville Constituent Assembly (1999), a Governor heading a provincial government as in other parts of Papua New Guinea (2000 to 2005) and the Autonomous Bougainville Government (since 2005).
Henri Willy Pleket, also written as Harry Willy Pleket and H. W. Pleket, (22 September 1930 – 5 January 2025) was a Dutch historian, epigrapher and university professor. Pleket studied ancient studies at Leiden University, and received his doctorate in ancient history in 1958. He was a research assistant at Leiden University from 1960 to 1967 and afterwards a lecturer (lector) until 1976. In 1976 he became professor of ancient history and Greek and Latin epigraphy. He retired in December 1993. Pleket's research focused on epigraphy. From 1978 to 2003 he was editor of "Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum". He also published on ancient social and economic history and the history of the Ancient Olympic Games. Pleket was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Academia Europaea (1992). Pleket died in Oegstgeest on 5 January 2025, at the age of 94.
Schonach im Schwarzwald is a municipality in Schwarzwald-Baar in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It has an air health resort. Winter sports such as Nordic combined and cross-country skiing are very important in Schonach.
Vöhrenbach is a town in Schwarzwald-Baar in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the river Breg and 12 km west of Villingen-Schwenningen.
Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a part of biology that uses math and ideas to study how living things grow, behave, and are built. It is different from experimental biology, which tests ideas by doing experiments. Sometimes, it is called mathematical biology to show it uses more math, or theoretical biology to show it uses more ideas. Theoretical biology makes general rules for biology, while mathematical biology uses math to study living things, even though people sometimes mix up the words. Mathematical biology makes math models to explain how living things work. It uses math tools to help with research. By using math to describe living things, scientists can make predictions and learn things they might not see in real experiments. This needs accurate math models. Since living things are very complex, theoretical biology uses many kinds of math and has helped create new ways to solve problems. History. Early history. Math has been used in biology since the 13th century. Fibonacci used the famous Fibonacci numbers to explain how rabbits multiply. In the 1700s, Daniel Bernoulli used math to study how smallpox affects people. In 1789, Thomas Malthus wrote about how human populations grow quickly, using the idea of exponential growth. In 1836, Pierre François Verhulst made the logistic growth model. In 1879, Fritz Müller used math to explain how some animals copy each other to survive better, called Müllerian mimicry. This was the first time math was used to show how strong natural selection is, except for Malthus's earlier idea that populations grow fast (he called it "geometric"), but food and resources grow slowly. This idea influenced Charles Darwin. The phrase "theoretical biology" was first used by Johannes Reinke in 1901 and later by Jakob von Uexküll in 1920. A key book in this field is "On Growth and Form" by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917. Other early thinkers include Ronald Fisher, Hans Leo Przibram, Vito Volterra, Nicolas Rashevsky, and Conrad Hal Waddington. Recent growth. Interest in this field has grown quickly since the 1960
Hiba Qadir better known as Hiba Bukhari is a Pakistani actress. She is known for her role as Seemal in "Thori Si Wafa" (2017), for which she won the Hum Award for Best Soap Actress. She has also played roles in "Deewangi" (2019), "Fitoor" (2021), "Inteha e Ishq" (2021), "Meray Humnasheen" (2022), "Tere Ishq Ke Naam" (2023), "Radd" (2024) and "Jaan Nisar" (2024). Personal life. Hiba was born in Karachi to a Sindhi family. She obtained her F.Sc from Jinnah Government College in Nazimabad. Hiba married Arez Ahmed in a private Nikah ceremony held on 7 January 2022. On 30 September 2024, Bukhari and Ahmed announced their pregnancy through social media. On 28 December 2024, the couple announced the birth of their daughter on social media.
iPadOS 16 is fourth iPadOS operating system that started by Apple. It launched in October 24, 2022. It revealed in WWDC22 (Apple Worldwide Developers Conference 2022) in June 6, 2022. Features. Lock Screen. The Lock screen have bold text and date top of the time to match iOS 16 but does not have a customize options. Weather. Apple Weather is here in iPadOS, it originally works in iPhone and iPod Touch. Stage Manager. The iPad with Apple A12X Bionic, Apple A12Z Bionic, Apple M1 and Apple M2 processer, Stage Managers shows up to four apps at once in windows that can be resize or move.
Allobates masniger is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Home. This frog lives in Amazon rainforests that are not too high above sea level. It can live in forestst that were never cut down and in forests that are growing back. Scientists have seen the frog 100 meters above sea level. Many of the places where this frog lives are in protected parks, for example Parque Nacional da Amazônia and Floresta Nacional de Pau-Rosa. Young. The female frog lays eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to streams, where they swim and grow. Danger. Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, there are fires. In some places, people cut down trees to get wood to build with.
Durefishan Saleem is a Pakistani actress of Punjabi descent who appears on Urdu television. She made her acting debut in "Dil Ruba" (2020) as a supporting actress. She also played in "Bhaaras" (2020) for which she received an ARY People's Choice Awards. Then, she gained her recognition in "Kaisi Teri Khudgarzi" (2022) and "Ishq Murshid" (2023). Early life and education. Durefishan was born on 14 January 1996 in Lahore, Punjab to Saleem-ul-Hassan, who worked as a director and as a producer for PTV in the 2000s. She obtained her LLB from University College London. In 2019, she moved to Karachi to become an actress. Career. Durefishan made her debut in a supporting role in "Dil Ruba" for which she was nominated for the Lux Style Awards for best newcomer. Then, she made her lead debut in "Bhaaras". After that, she acted in "Pardes" with Affan Waheed and "Juda Huay Kuch Is Tarha". In 2022, she acted in the love-dramatic "Kaisi Teri Khudgarzi" opposite Danish Taimoor which made her successful and estiblished actress in industry. In 2023, she acted in "Jurm" along with Wahaj Ali then in a antholology-series "Siyaah", and the social-drama "Jaisay Aapki Marzi" opposite Mikaal Zulfiqar. She was also offered to act in "Jhok Sarkar" along with Farhan Saeed. Other website.
The Pau-Rosa National Forest ("Floresta Nacional de Pau-Rosa") is a national forest in the state of Amazonas in Brazil. Location. The Pau-Rosa National Forest is in the city places Maués (98.63%) and Nova Olinda do Norte (1.37%) in Amazonas. This park is in size. The national forest is next to Maués State Forest to the north, Amazônia National Park to the east, Amaná National Forest to the southeast, and Alto Maués Ecological Station to the southwest. The Abacaxis River is the west side of the southern part of the park, and the Paraconi River is the west side of the northern part of the park. Scientists say there are at least 40 species of amphibians, 20 of reptiles, and almost 270 species of birds. Scientists found a species of frog that they had never seen before, "Scinax sateremawe", in the park in 2009. History. The Pau-Rosa National Forest was created by federal decree of 7 August 2001 to make it easier for people to use natural resources, protect the living things and water, help damaged places become better, and teach people about nature. It had an area of about . The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation organizes the park. The IUCN says this park is a IUCN protected area category VI, meaning that people are allowed to use some of the resources in the park, but they must follow rules to protect them. On 30 November 2009, the forest was recognized as supporting the needs of 300 families of small rural producers, who would be eligible for PRONAF support. The advisory council was created on 24 May 2012. On 26 February 2015, ICMBio decided to let the Associação dos Trabalhadores Rurais da Comunidade de Santa Maria do Caiaué - Atrasmacurapa (Association of Rural Workers of the Community of Santa Maria do Caiaué) use about of the total of .
The Genesis G90 is a full-size luxury car made by Genesis since 2015 it replaced the Hyundai Equus. First Generation (2015-2021). The Genesis G90 debuted for the first time in South Korea as the Genesis EQ900. in the United States it was launched at the North American International Auto Show in 2016. and was put on sale in September 2016 as a 2017 model the G90 has a 3.3 3.8 liter V6 engines and a 5.0 V8 liter gasoline engine all with a 8-speed automatic transmission. The car has a long wheelbase version called the G90L avaliable only with a 5.0 liter V8 in 2018 the G90 was facelifted and in South Korea it was renamed to G90 after the facelift. Second Generation (2021-present). the Exterior design of the second generation G90 was revealed in November 2021. it was released in the end of 2021 the car like the previous generation also has a long wheelbase version that has a addtional 190 mm (7.5 in). the second generation G90 has a 3.5 twin-turbo V6 gasoline engines with a 8-speed automatic transmission while the long wheelbase version has a mild hybrid system with a electric supercharger. Markets. The Genesis G90 is currently sold worldwide but mainly in North America and South Korea.
The Genesis G70 is a compact luxury car made by Genesis since 2018. History and Features. The Genesis G70 was previewed by the New York concept at the New York International Auto Show in 2016. the car was later launched in 2017 in the global launch event in olympic park in Seoul. the car was designed by Peter Schreyer that worked previously in Audi and developed later the Kia Stinger (that shares its platform with the G70). the car has a 2.0 liter a 2.5 and a 3.3 turbo liter V6 gasoline engines and a 2.2 liter diesel engine with a 6-speed manual transmission and a 8-speed automatic transmission  in 2020 it was facelifted in North America the facelift was praised but in South Korea it was criticized with some people saying the pre-facelift was better.  Shooting Brake version. The Genesis G70 has a Shooting Brake version made mainly for Europe and launched in May 2021. it was later put on sale on the same year. in June 2022 it was launched in South Korea. the Shooting Brake version has a 2.0 liter turbocharged gasoline engine and a 2.2 liter diesel engine with only a 8-speed automatic transmission. Markets. The Genesis G70 is sold worldwide its sold in North America Australia South Korea and other regions while the Shooting Brake version is sold in Europe and South Korea.
Conventional war is a kind of war where countries fight each other using conventional weapons and battle plans. The armies on both sides are clear and use weapons mainly to attack the other side’s soldiers. It does not use special weapons like chemical, biological, radioactive, or nuclear weapons. The main goal of normal war is to make the other side’s army weaker or destroy it so they cannot fight back. But sometimes, one or both sides may use different, unexpected ways of fighting to win. History. Formation of state. The idea of a state started with Plato, but it became more popular when the Roman Catholic Church gained power. Later, European kings became powerful as the Catholic Church lost its control, and kings ruled by claiming their power came from God. In 1648, European leaders signed the Treaty of Westphalia. This treaty ended wars caused by religion and began the idea of modern states, where governments ruled based on politics, not religion. In this system, only the state and its leaders could have weapons and start wars. War was seen as something only between countries. Kings made this a law. Before, nobles could start wars, but during the Napoleonic Wars, kings took control of the armies. Clausewitzian ideas. Prussia built a strong army. One of its officers, Carl von Clausewitz, wrote a book called "On War". It focused on wars between countries and ignored other types of fights, like rebellions. He later noticed that people could also fight wars, not just states, and called this idea "the people in arms." Old practices like raiding and family feuds were now seen as crimes. This new way of thinking influenced the modern world, where armies became large, expensive, and advanced, built to fight other similar armies. Clausewitz also talked about reasons for war, called "casus belli". Wars were often fought for social, religious, or cultural reasons. Clausewitz said war is just "politics by other means," where countries fight for their interests, like money or safety, when they cannot agree peacefully. How common is normal war? Most wars today use normal weapons and methods. Since 1945, no country has used biological
The Genesis GV80 is a mid-size luxury Crossover SUV made by Genesis since 2020. History and Features. The Genesis GV80 was previewed by the concept of the same name at the New York International Auto Show in 2017. the car was later leaked in 3d in 2019. and was launched on early 2020 and is the first SUV of the brand the car has a 2.5 liter turbo and 3.5 V6 gasoline engines and a 3.0 liter diesel engine with only a 8-speed automatic transmission the car was later facelifted in 2023.  GV80 Coupe. The Genesis GV80 coupe was launched in September 2023 and was put on sale in October in South Korea this version has features like a Coupe-inspired roofline and trims of the interior that have carbon fiber this version also has a optional more powerful 3.5 liter turbocharged gasoline engine this engine adds a electric supercharger. Markets. The Genesis GV80 is sold worldwide mainly in North America Europe Australia South Korea and other places.
Roland (said as "Ro-lan" in French) was a leader in the army of Charlemagne, a king long ago. He lived in a time called the Middle Ages and died on August 15, 778. Roland was in charge of guarding the border of Francia (a place that later became France) to keep it safe from the Bretons. A man named Einhard wrote about Roland in a book about Charlemagne's life. It says Roland was part of a group attacked and killed by the Basques in Spain during a fight called the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. After his death, people told and wrote stories that made Roland's life seem bigger and more exciting than it really was. The most famous story is a long poem called "The Song of Roland", written in the 11th century. Later, Italian poets wrote even more stories about Roland, such as "Orlando Innamorato" and "Orlando Furioso". These tales were even less true to history. Another story, called "Morgante", was written by Luigi Pulci. In these stories, Roland had a special sword named Durendal, a brave horse named Veillantif, and a horn called an oliphant. In the 1600s, a man named Jean-Baptiste Lully wrote music for an opera called "Roland", based on the story of this famous hero. History. The only time the real Roland is written about is in a book called "Vita Karoli Magni", written by Einhard, who worked for Charlemagne and told his life story. Einhard calls Roland "Hruodlandus Brittannici limitis praefectus", meaning "Roland, leader of the border of Brittany." This shows that Roland was in charge of the Breton March, the border area of Francia next to the Bretons. Roland was likely the first leader chosen to handle Frankish matters with the Bretons because the earlier Merovingian kings had no special dealings with them. Castles near the border, like those in Vitré and Ille-et-Vilaine, south of Mont Saint-Michel, are
The Marvellous Land of Oz is a book by L. Frank Baum. It is the sequel to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.  Story. A Witch named Mombi tricks a Wizard into giving her a powder that can bring things to life. Her ward Tip builds a wooden person with a Pumpkin as a head and names it Jack Pumpkinhead. Mombi brings Jack Pumpkinhead to life. When Mombi decides to turn Tip into a statue, he runs away with Jack Pumpkinhead and goes to the Emerald City where a group of women overthrow the Scarecrow (from the first book) with a coup d’état. Tip, Jack Pumpkinhead, Scarecrow and the Tin Man go to the South and ask Glinda the Good for her help. Glinda says that the Wizard of Oz was never supposed to be king. Someone named Praetoria was but Mombi kidnapped his daughter Ozma to keep the Wizard king. Mombi says that she transformed Ozma into a boy named Tip. Tip agrees to be transformed back into Ozma so Mombi turns her back into Ozma. Ozma then becomes the Queen of Oz.