ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 20, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was the first African-American Major League Baseball (MLB) player of modern times. Robinson broke the baseball color barrier when he debuted with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. He was the first black man to openly play in the major leagues since the 1880s. He had a big role in bringing an end to racial segregation in professional baseball. Up to that point, African-Americans could only play in Negro leagues for six decades. Apart from his cultural impact, Robinson had an overall good baseball career. Over ten seasons, he played in six World Series and helped in the Dodgers' 1955 World Championship. He was selected for six consecutive All-Star Games from 1949 to 1954. Robinson received the first MLB Rookie of the Year Award in 1947. He also won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949. He was the first black player to win this award. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. In 1997, Major League Baseball retired his uniform number, 42, across all major league teams. Robinson was also known for his activities outside of baseball. He was the first African-American television analyst in Major League Baseball. He was also the first African-American vice-president of a major American company. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, an African-American-owned/controlled financial business based in Harlem, New York. In honor of his achievements on and off the field, Robinson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal after his death. Early life. Robinson was born on January 31, 1919. His family were sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. He was born during a Spanish flu and smallpox epidemic. He was the youngest of five children, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew (nicknamed "Mack"), and Willa Mae. His middle name was in honor of former President Theodore Roosevelt, who died twenty-five days before Robinson was born. After Robinson's father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California
George Fox (July 1624 O.S. – 13 January 1691 O.S.) was one of the people that left the Church of England. He was a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, also known as the "Quakers."
The University of Michigan (U-M, UMich, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, or simply Michigan) is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Started in 1817, about 20 years before Michigan became a state, the university is the state's oldest university. The university is called one of the first eight Public Ivys.  The university also has one of the largest research budgets or spending money of any American university. It ranked 18th in the world in 2008 by "The Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings," and 21st by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Higher Education rankings. In its last survey in 1995, the National Research Council ranked Michigan 3rd in the United States The university is known around the world, its students being famous people such as U.S. President Gerald Ford, Supreme Court Justices, as well as many heads of states around the world. Michigan's athletic teams are known as very good, especially in football, men's basketball, and ice hockey. History. The University of Michigan was started in Detroit in 1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres (16 ha) that it hoped would become the site for a new state capitol, but it gave this land to the university when Lansing was chosen as the state capital. The university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837. The original 40 acres became part of today's Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen and a sophomore, taught by two professors or teachers. Eleven students graduated in the first class in 1845. By 1866, 1,205 students went to UM. Women were first allowed in 1870, making UM the first major university to allow women to go to school. James B. Angell, was the university's president from 1871 to 1909, made UM's teachings include subjects such as dentistry, architecture, engineering, government, and medicine. UM also became the first American university to
Mountain Brook is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. The city is a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama. In 2020, Mountain Brook had a population of 22,461. It was on several lists of the United States' richest communities. Mountain Brook was created after an election was held on March 24, 1942, with 263 voting in favor of incorporation and 67 opposing. The area was founded by Robert Jemison, and the city was designed by Warren H. Manning. Mountain Brook was built around three villages: English Village, Mountain Brook Village, and Crestline Village. Mountain Brook is the hometown of "Friends" actress Courteney Cox and missing person Natalee Holloway.
Trilobites ("three lobes") are extinct arthropods. They were the first animals known to have eyes, although some were secondarily blind. They were very numerous during the early Palaeozoic era.  Their distribution was worldwide, but only in salt water environments. They disappeared in the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Trilobites had many lifestyles. Some moved over the sea floor as predators, scavengers, or filter feeders. Some swam, feeding on plankton. Most ecological niches of modern marine arthropods are seen in trilobites. Their bodies were divided into three parts: the head (cephalon), the thorax (chest) made of up to 30 segments, and the tail (pygidium). Underneath, and rarely preserved, are three pairs of legs for the head. There are paired legs for each pleural groove.  Trilobites are the earliest known animal to have vision. The earliest trilobites had complex, compound eyes with lenses made of calcite. Some trilobites had small eyes or no eyes at all, and probably lived in dark or muddy environments. Trilobites ranged in length from to , with a typical size range of . The world's largest trilobite, "Isotelus rex", was found in 1998 by Canadian scientists on the shores of Hudson Bay. Trilobites appeared some 600 million years ago during the Cambrian period. They belonged (probably) to the phylum Arthropoda. This phylum includes the most successful (78%) of all animal life forms, including crabs, centipedes, spiders, shrimps and insects. The trilobites, living in shallow seas, flourished as swimmers, crawlers and burrowers for some 350 million years. Over time, they evolved rapidly into a wide variety of strange and beautiful forms. Discovery. They were first pictured some 25,000 years ago in a France cave. Two specimens were found in a Cro-magnon settlement, at a site called "La Grotte du Trilobite". One was found with a hole drilled into it and worn as an adornment. Others have been found in the tombs of Egypt, Greece and Rome. Trilobite fossils were sold on the street of 15th Century Europe and collected by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
A Wizard of Earthsea, written in 1968, is the first of a series of books that are written by Ursula K. Le Guin and set in the fantasy world called Earthsea. The series is about a wizard named Ged. This book won the 1979 Lewis Carroll Shelf Award. A mini-series based on "A Wizard of Earthsea" and "The Tombs of Atuan" was created on the Sci Fi Channel. Le Guin has said that she was not happy with the mini-series.
The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as just the Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago north of the Canadian mainland in the Arctic. There are about 36,563 islands which have much of the territory of Northern Canada – most of Nunavut and part of Northwest Territories. The Baffin Island is bigger than the United Kingdom. The archipelago has 94 major islands (bigger than 130 km²), including three of the world's ten biggest islands, and 36,469 minor islands. The bigger islands of the archipelago (over 10,000 km²) are:
Victoria Island is an island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the border between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories runs through the island. It is the 9th biggest island of the world, and at is Canada's second largest island and nearly double the size of Newfoundland (or only slightly bigger than the size of the island of Great Britain). The western third of the island belongs to the Inuvik Region in the Northwest Territories and the rest is part of Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region. As of 2006, 1,875 live on Victoria Island. Most of the people (1,477) live in its biggest city, Cambridge Bay.
John Fullerton MacArthur Jr. (born June 19, 1939) is a United States Reformed evangelical Bible teacher, writer and pastor. He is known for his radio program called "Grace to You". He is the editor of the "MacArthur Study Bible", which won a Gold Medallion Book Award for Bibles. He was born in Los Angeles, California. MacArthur earned academic degrees from Talbot Theological Seminary. He is now the pastor-teacher of Grace Community Church, a megachurch in southern California, and the president of The Master's College and The Master's Seminary. He has written many books and has been a guest on Larry King's television talk show many times as a representative of conservative evangelical Christianity. His opinions about lordship salvation, church growth methods, and the use of psychology are controversial in Christian circles. In late December 2024, MacArthur was hospitalized for problems caused by recent heart surgeries.
Martiniano José Ferreira Botelho (1853 - 1939) was a leading figure in the municipality of Vila Pouca de Aguiar in the early 20th century. He was a doctor, druggist and Portuguese politician, known from his residence as "Lord of the House of the County".  His humanitarian character was shown by treating his patients without asking for payment. His wrote a doctoral thesis with the title "Breve estudo sobre as águas alcalino-gazósas das Pedras Salgadas". It was about the way water from the area was used as medicine to make people better.  Botelho' gave land to the community for the market Square which can be seen today, as well as for the municipal slaughter house and water mine.
Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction television series filmed in Vancouver. It was created by Ronald D. Moore that first aired in a three-hour miniseries in December of 2003 on the Sci Fi Channel. It is a remake of the 1978 television series "Battlestar Galactica". The series has gained a wide range of critical acclaim. It won a Emmy Award and Saturn Awards.
Ellesmere Island is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut.  It is in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands. Cape Columbia is the most northerly point of land in Canada.  The area of Ellesmere Island is , the world's tenth biggest island and Canada's third biggest island. The Arctic Cordillera mountain system covers much of Ellesmere Island: it is the most mountainous island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The Arctic Willow is the only woody species to grow on Ellesmere Island. In 2001, 168 people lived on Ellesmere Island. There are three settlements on Ellesmere Island including Alert, Eureka, and Grise Fiord.  Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert on Ellesmere Island is the northernmost settlement in the world.
Banks Island () is one of the bigger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is separated from Victoria Island to its east by the Prince of Wales Strait and from the mainland by Amundsen Gulf to its south. The Beaufort Sea lies to its west. To the northeast, McClure Strait separates the island from Prince Patrick Island and Melville Island. History. It was named "Banks Island" in 1820 by Sir William Parry in honour of Sir Joseph Banks. However, during the exploration of the area by Robert McClure (1850-1854) the island was marked on their maps as "Baring Island". The only permanent Inuvialuit settlement on the island, Sachs Harbour or Ikhuak, is on the southwest coast. Two federal Migratory Bird Sanctuaries were founded on the island in 1961. The island does not have any trees, with the tallest plant, the arctic willow, sometimes growing to about the height of a person's knee but usually standing no taller than 10 cm. Banks Island covers an area 70,028 km² (27,038 sq mi) and it is the world's 24th biggest island and Canada's fifth biggest island.
Devon Island is one of the bigger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the second-biggest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, Canada, the 27th biggest island in the world, Canada's 6th biggest island and the biggest island in the world where nobody lives on. Devon Island has an area of . The highest point is the Devon Ice Cap at 6,299 ft/1,920 metres which is part of the Arctic Cordillera. Devon Island has many small mountain ranges, such as the Treuter Mountains, Haddington Range and the Cunningham Mountains. Devon Island is also notable for having the Haughton impact crater, made some 39 million years ago when a meteorite about 2 km (1.2 mi) in diameter crashed into what were then forests. The impact left a crater about 23 km (14 mi) in diameter, which was a lake for several million years.
Axel Heiberg Island is the 31st biggest island in the world and Canada's 7th biggest island. According to Statistics Canada, it has an area of 43 178 km² (16,671 square miles). The Inuit people have lived on Axel Heiberg Island in the past, but no one has lived there by the time it was named by Otto Sverdrup, who explored it around 1900. He named it after Axel Heiberg, manager of the Norwegian Ringnes brewery which sponsored the expedition. Other explorers visited the island during the early 20th century, during which time it was claimed by Norway until 1930. It is now part of Nunavut, Canada.
The ballista (plural ballistae) was one of the first artillery weapons used by the Ancient Greeks. The ballista was invented around 400 BC in the Greek town of Syracuse. It was one of the first catapults, and shot very large and heavy spears far distances. The ballista resembled a large crossbow. They were made in different sizes. Smaller ones threw smaller missiles such as scaled-up arrows and darts. The steps to operating the ballista are: Ballistae would be used if a weapon that fired light, narrow ammunition was needed.
Saurophaganax ("lord of the lizard eaters") is a genus of allosaurid dinosaur from the Morrison Formation of Upper Jurassic in Oklahoma. It lived about 151 million years ago).  "Saurophaganax" was a very large Morrison allosaurid. The maximum size of "S. maximus" has been estimated at anywhere from to in length, and around in weight. This means it was perhaps similar in size to "Tyrannosaurus" or "Carcharodontosaurus". Some paleontologists think it is a species of "Allosaurus" ("Allosaurus maximus"). It has also been described as a separate genus. The most recent review of basal tetanurans accepted "Saurophaganax" as a distinct genus. New possible "Saurophaganax" material from New Mexico may clear up the status of the genus.
Sauroposeidon is a genus of sauropod dinosaur found in Oklahoma. It is one of the biggest dinosaur yet found. Habit and diet. Sauroposeidon lived in what was then a river delta flowing into a bay rather the Bay of Mexico is today. It was a plant-eater that probably ate from the tops of trees, probably mainly conifers, and palms. Estimations. Estimates of "Sauroposeidons size are based on a comparison between the four "Sauroposeidon" vertebrae and the vertebrae of the HM SII specimen of "Giraffatitan" in the Humboldt Museum in Berlin. The HM SII is the most complete brachiosaur known. Comparisons to the other relatives of "Sauroposeidon" are difficult due to limited remains. The neck length of "Sauroposeidon" is estimated at , compared to a neck length of for the HM SII "Giraffatitan". This is based on the assumption that the rest of the neck has the same proportions as "Giraffatitan", which is a reasonably good conjecture. "Sauroposeidon" was probably able to raise its head above the ground, which is as high as a six-story building. In comparison, "Giraffatitan" could probably raise its head into the air. "Sauroposeidon's" shoulder height has been estimated at based on an interpretation of the animal as a brachiosaurid. Estimates of its total possible length have ranged from to . Timing. The fossils were found in rocks dating from near the end of the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–early Albian), from about 113 to 110 million years ago. "Sauroposeidon" was the last known North American sauropod before an absence on the continent of about 40 million years. The absence of sauropods ended with the appearance of "Alamosaurus" during the last (Maastrichtian) stage at the end of the Cretaceous.
Timothy Francis "Tim" LaHaye (April 27, 1926 – July 25, 2016) was an American evangelical Baptist minister, author, and speaker. He was best known for co-authoring the "Left Behind" series with Jerry B. Jenkins. He wrote over 50 books, both fiction and non-fiction. "Time" magazine named LaHaye ""one of the 25 most influental evangelicals in America"." His wife was Beverly LaHaye, founder of Concerned Women for America. LaHaye died of a stroke on July 25, 2016 in San Diego, California, aged 90.
Charles Wendell "Chuck" Colson (October 16, 1931, in Boston, Massachusetts - April 21, 2012) was the chief counsel for President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973. Colson was also a public speaker and author. Around 1974 he converted to Christianity, and became an Evangelical Christian. White House. In 1969 Colson was appointed Special counsel to the White House. President Richard Nixon quickly noticed him. In 1970 Nixon put Colson in charge of "dirty tricks" (performed against Nixon's opponents). He was a part of the Watergate scandal. He was the first of the Nixon White House assistants to be convicted of a crime.
Charles Frazier Stanley (September 25, 1932 – April 18, 2023) was an American religious leader who as the pastor of megachurch First Baptist Church Atlanta in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the starter and president of "In Touch Ministries". Stanley also served two terms as president of the Southern Baptist Convention from 1984 through 1986. He was born in Dry Fork, Virginia. Stanley died at his home on April 18, 2023 in Atlanta, Georgia at age 90.
Espaillat is a province in the Dominican Republic. It is in the Cibao region, in the north central part of the country. Its capital is Moca. The province was created on 1885. It was part of the La Vega province until it was made a province. Name. The province was named after "Ulises Francisco Espaillat" who was President of the Dominican Republic for a short period of time (April 1876 - October 1876). Location. The Espaillat province is bordered to the east by the province of Hermanas Mirabal, to the south by La Vega, to the west by the Santiago and Puerto Plata provinces. The María Trinidad Sánchez province is to the northeast of the Espaillat province and the Atlantic Ocean is to the north. History. The Espaillat province has had many changes in its area. Before 1885, when the province was made, the southern part of the present province was part of La Vega province and the northern part was of the Puerto Plata province. When the province was made in 1885, it had the land of the present provinces of Hermanas Mirabal, Duarte and María Trinidad Sánchez provinces and the southern part of the present Espaillat province. But when the Duarte province was made in 1896, the Espaillat province lost most of the land east of the Hermanas Mirabal province; in 1945, the land north of the "Cordillera Septentrional" was added to the Espaillat province. In 1952, the Salcedo province (now Hermanas Mirabal province) was made and the Espaillat province kept the land that it has now, with some parts to the south of the Cordillera Septentrional and other parts to the north of it. The province had two municipalities: Moca, its capital, and Gaspar Hernández. Cayetano Germosén became a municipality of the province in 1987 and Jamao al Norte in 2001. The municipal districts of the province were created in: Population. In (last national census), there were
Charlie Patton (also known as Charley Patton) (May 1, 1891 - April 28, 1934) was an American Delta blues musician. He is thought to be the "Father of Delta Blues" and was one of the most popular of the early recorded blues musicians. Trivia. Musical releases and his gravestone spell his name “Charley” even though the musician himself spelled his name "Charlie."
Ammonites were marine cephalopod molluscs of the subclass Ammonoidea.  Their widely-known fossils show a ribbed spiral-form shell, in the end compartment of which lived the tentacled animal. These creatures lived in the seas from at least 400 to 65 million years ago. They became extinct at the K/T extinction event. Their nearest living relatives are the octopus, squid, cuttlefish and "Nautilus". Nine orders are recognised in the Ammonoidea: five in the Palaeozoic and four in the Mesozoic. Evolution. Ammonites first appeared in the early Devonian period. They evolved from a small, straight shelled Bactridian, which was an early Nautiloid. They quickly evolved into a variety of shapes and sizes, including some shaped like hairpins. During their evolution the ammonites faced no fewer than four catastrophic events that would eventually lead to their extinction. The first event occurred in the Upper Devonian, and the second at the end of the Permian (250 million years ago), when only two lines survived the P/Tr extinction event. The surviving species radiated and flourished throughout the Triassic perod. At the end of this period (206 million years ago) they faced near extinction again, when only one genus survived. This event marked the end of the Triassic and the beginning of the Jurassic, during which time the number of ammonite species grew once more. The final catastrophe occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period when all species were annihilated and the ammonites became extinct. The young ammonites lived in the plankton, near the sea surface. They ate mostly small fry as they were growing. This made them especially vulnerable to any event which upset the plankton zone. Life. Ammonites began life as tiny planktonic creatures less than 1mm in diameter. In their infancy they would have been vulnerable to attack from other predators, including mosasaurs and fish. However, their shell gave their soft parts some protection. The existence of sexual dimorphism, with larger females and smaller males, has been much discussed.p244 The matter is still open, but at least in some
A drop is a small bit of liquid, such as water, which is held together by surface tension. It is normally thought of as falling. Something that is dropping can sometimes be called dripping. Drops are often circular in shape, and sometimes when light is refracted through them, it makes a rainbow effect. Rain is an example of when drops fall. Drops are also like bubbles, except they hold liquid instead of a gas, like air.
Interactive Fiction, usually abbreviated as IF, is a kind of computer game. In interactive fiction, the player types words with their keyboard, as an instruction to the main character of a story. One instruction might be: "take lamp" Which would make the main character pick up a lamp.
Richmond is city in the U.S. State of California. It is a suburb of San Francisco. In 2020, 116,448 people lived in Richmond. Chevron has an oil refinery here; in 2012 the refinery suffered a large fire. Richmond is on the shore of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. It is part of the East Bay region.