ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A war of attrition is a military strategy in which one side tries to cause the other to lose so many soldiers and to have so much military equipment destroyed that the enemy forces are worn down until they collapse. The side that has more resources (soldiers and military equipment) usually wins. Strategic considerations. Military experts like Sun Tzu say attrition is not the best way to win a war. A famous quote by Sun Tzu is "the supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting." In a war of attrition, both parties think they can win. One is always wrong, and often, both are wrong. Both sides can end up with fewer resources than when they began. Ideally, wars are won using the fewest soldiers and weapons possible. Another form of attrition warfare is the search-and-destroy operations that were used by the United States during the Vietnam War. That conflict showed that wars of attrition do not work when the enemy is willing to absorb higher losses and to continue a war indefinitely. American Civil War. Union General Ulysses S. Grant began a war of attrition with the Battle of the Wilderness. That was a change for the Army of the Potomac, which was no longer going after the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. Grant was now directly going after Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. It was the first battle of the Union Army's Overland Campaign and ended with neither side victorious. The combined casualties totaled 28,000. Grant knew that although his losses were greater, any losses for the Confederacy would reduce its capacity to fight. The North had a much larger pool of resources to work with than the South. Grant concluded that any Confederate losses were, therefore, worth the sacrifice made by the Union Army. World War I. One of the best examples of a war of attrition is World War I on the Italian and the Western Fronts. Both sides were drained until one side did not have enough men, horses, food and other military resources to continue. The term was often used to show a lack of imagination in simply throwing soldiers at their enemy. That implies attrition warfare can be avoided, but that is not always unfortunately
Natillas is a type of food. Natillas refers to a variety of dishes in Spanish-speaking countries. In Spain natillas is a custard dish. In Colombia the dish called natilla is often served at Christmas. It is like a flan or pudding. In Peru natillas are from Piura and they are elaborated from chancaca. Mexico uses the term for a thicker version of the dessert drink called "Atole leche". In Costa Rica it is a sour cream-like dairy product used as a condiment.
Rhyolite is a very strong igneous, volcanic rock. German geologist Ferdinand von Richthofen named the rock.
Jah Wobble (born 11 August 1958) is an English bass guitarist, singer, and poet. He was Public Image Ltd's first bass player. He left after making two albums with the band in 1980. He has worked with many musicians since. In September 2010 a book Wobble wrote about his life, "Memoirs of a Geezer", was published. Personal life. Wobble has two daughters, Hayley Angel Wardle and Natalie Wardle, and two sons.
Andrea del Sarto (born 16 July 1486) was an Italian painter. He was considered an important artist during his lifetime.  Perhaps the best known painting by Andrea del Sarto is the "Madonna of the Harpies". The painting shows the Virgin Mary and child on a pedestal, with angels and two saints by her side.
Andrea Mantegna (, , ; September 13, 1506) was an Italian painter. Major works. Mantegna's only known sculpture is a "Sant'Eufemia" in the Cathedral of Irsina, Basilicata. The rest of these are paintings:
Little Earthquakes is the first solo album by Tori Amos. Five singles were released from it. The album got good reviews from music critics. It is the only Tori Amos album in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". Singles. "Me and a Gun" was released as the first single from "Little Earthquakes". It is a song about when Amos was raped in Los Angeles when she was 21. "Silent All These Years" was released as the second single. It reached 21 in the UK Singles Chart. "China" was released as the third single from the album. The album's fourth single "Winter" was released March 9, 1992 in the United Kingdom. It reached 25 in the UK Singles Chart. "Crucify" was the album's last single. It reached 15 in the UK Singles Chart.
Shirley Ann Jackson (born August 5, 1946) is an American physicist. She is President of "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute". In 1973 she became the first African-American women to get a doctorate degree in nuclear physics. She was also the first to get this degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1995, President Bill Clinton put her in charge of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This group is in charge of nuclear power in the United States. She helped seal the leaks in the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl.  She was named one of the 50 Most Important Women in Science by Discover magazine. In 2007 the National Science Board gave Jackson the Vannevar Bush Award for "a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy".
Under the Pink is the second solo album by singer-songwriter Tori Amos. It was released January 31, 1994. Four singles were released from it. The third single, "Cornflake Girl", reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The album went straight to number 1 in the UK.  "More Pink: The B-Sides". In Australia and New Zealand a special version of "Under the Pink" was released called "More Pink: The B-Sides". It had a second disc with the album's fourteen B-sides.
Tavi Gevinson (born April 21, 1996) is an American writer and blogger. In 2008 she started a blog called "Style Rookie". She posted pictures of herself wearing outfits and wrote about the latest fashion trends. The blog was successful. Due to its success Gevinson was asked to go to New York Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week. In autumn 2011, Gevinson made a website called "Rookie". Rookie is an internet magazine for teenage girls. Life. Gevinson was born in Chicago to a Jewish family. Gevinson is going to go to a university in the East Coast. She is a feminist. Career. Gevinson acted for the first time in the 2008 short film "First Bass". In September 2009 she was on the cover of Pop magazine. That month she was interviewed by Pixie Geldof for Love magazine. In January 2011 Gevinson interviewed Gwen Stefani for Teen Vogue. In September 2011 Gevinson started an internet magazine called Rookie. She is also its editor. In 5 days it had been viewed over 1 million times. Lady Gaga called her the "future of journalism". Gevinson was invited to TedxWomen in New York. She met Gloria Steinem there and gave her a short interview. In January 2013 she was interviewed by CNN and Steven Colbert. A documentary about Kathleen Hanna called The Punk Singer was released in March 2013. Gevinson was interviewed in it. In May 2013 she interviewed Emma Watson. In June 2013 she interviewed Sofia Coppola and Greta Gerwig. In October 2013 "Enough Said", a movie she acted in, was released. In November 2013 Gevinson modelled for Cole Haan's Christmas advert. Gevinson's face was on the cover of the first internet-only issue of BULLETT Magazine in November 2013.
The Tribal Hidage is generally considered to be a list dated to 7th or 8th century Anglo-Saxon England. It was a list of 35 tribes that made up the majority of the peoples living in southern England at that time. Each tribe or kingdom on the list had a rounded off number of hides (units of land measurement). Modern historians believe it was created by either Mercian or Northumbrian overlords to collect tribute from the other groups. Origins. The Tribal Hidage is an important historical document. The oldest copies available were written in style of the 11th century. This is at a time when many of the names of the earlier regions had been forgotten. In some cases the list is the only evidence that a region or people of that name ever existed. There were probably older versions of the Tribal Hidage and may have dated back to when Penda of Mercia dominated Anglo-Saxon England (642–655). Historians are mixed when it comes to where the document came from originally. It may have been written by Paulinus for King Edwin of Northumbria. It may have been created for the use of Offa of Mercia. Others have not suggested a place or reign, but a particular period of time for when it was probably written—between 670-690. Historians are not certain what the exact reason was for creating the list. Most seem to agree it was probably a tribute list. There are signs that the list was updated over a period of time. So it may have had more than one purpose. The Hidage list. The text in the original documents is corrupt. Not every name can be clearly read. The names on the list are for tribal groups of peoples and not for districts or regions they lived in. Three different revisions have been identified by historian David Dumville. These are called A, Recension B, and Recension C. The first part of the list had 20 names. At the end of the first group is a total number of hides of land given as 66, 100. The numbers of hides for each group add up to 66,100 so the number is correct. The second group of 15
Quvenzhané Wallis (born August 28, 2003) is an American actress. Wallis' first movie was "Beasts of the Southern Wild". She got nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. This made her the youngest person ever to be nominated for the award.  Wallis played Margaret Northup in the 2013 movie "12 Years a Slave". Wallis also played Annie in a remake of the musical "Annie". Wallis does the voice of Almitra in the animated movie "The Prophet".  Wallis was born in Houma, Louisiana.
Steven Rodney "Steve" McQueen, CBE (born 9 October 1969) is a British movie director and artist. He has directed four feature films. Early life. McQueen was born in London and is of Grenadian descent. He went to Drayton Manor High School. After doing A Level art at Hammersmith and West London College he went to Goldsmiths College, University of London. It was there that he made his first short films. Career. In 1993 his first major movie "Bear" was shown at the Royal College of Art in London. It is black and white and there is no sound in it. In 1999 McQueen won the Turner Prize. In 2008 "Hunger" was released. It was the first feature film directed and written by McQueen. McQueen is making a drama for HBO. He directed "Shame" (2011) "12 Years a Slave" (2013) and "Widows" (2018). Personal life. McQueen lives in Amsterdam with Bianca Stigter.
Adora Lily Svitak (born October 15, 1997) is an American child prodigy. When she was seven her first book, "Flying Fingers", was published around the world. Her second book, "Dancing Fingers", was published in April 2008. In January 2009 Channel 4 showed a documentary about gifted children called "The World's Cleverest Child and Me". Svitak was in it. On March 14, 2011 her first novel, "Yang in Disguise", was published. In February 2010 Svitak gave a talk for TED called "What Adults Can Learn From Kids".  Personal life. Her mother, Joyce Can Zou Svitak, was born in China. She moved to the US in 1988. Her father, John Svitak, is a fourth generation Czech Republic migrant. He is a science and maths teacher. Svitak is a feminist. She lives in Seattle. She goes to Redmond High School.
Louise Diane d'Orléans (27 June 1716 – 26 September 1736) was the last child of Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans ("Regent of the Kingdom" from 1715 to 1723) and his wife, Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest illegitimate daughter of King Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. The Princess of Conti by marriage, she died in childbirth at the age of twenty. Some sources refer to her as "Louis Diane". The princess used the name Louise. Biography. Louise Diane d'Orléans was born in the Palais-Royal, the Paris residence of the House of Orléans, on 27 June 1716 as the youngest child of the Duke and Duchess of Orléans. Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate was her fathers mother and was not impressed at the thought of having another granddaughter Her siblings were: Until her marriage, she was known as "Mademoiselle de Chartres ". known as "Mademoiselle de Chartres". She grew up with her younger sister Élisabeth with a convent education. Her sister would later become the Queen of Spain.  Louise grew up in an era when her father, known as "Philippe d'Orléans" or simply "le Régent" was the ruler of France, him being in charge of the affairs of state since the death of Louis XIV. The Palais-Royal was where the Régent held his court and lived openly with his mistress. In her youth, she was said to have been a very sensitive child and would grow up to be one of the more beautiful of the Regent's daughters. Despite her being another girl, (1 of 7 overall), her birth was not really greeted with the joy that had met her brother, Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans. In December 1731, it was decided that she should marry her distant cousin Louis François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti. Her marriage was arranged by her mother Françoise Marie, "Dowager Duchess of Orléans"
Nyasasaurus ("Lake Nyasa lizard") is an extinct genus of Archosaur reptile from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania. It may be the earliest known dinosaur. The discovery was a handful of bones from two individuals, so its anatomy is only partly known. The bones were collected in the early 1930s, but have only recently been analysed. Researchers said: ""Nyasasaurus" possesses a unique combination of dinosaur character states and an elevated growth rate similar to that of definitive early dinosaurs. It demonstrates that the initial dinosaur radiation occurred over a longer timescale than previously thought (possibly 15 million years earlier)". The find was six vertebrae and a humerus from one specimen, and five vertebrae from another. The humerus has a muscle attachment which is characteristic of dinosaurs (a long 'deltopectoral crest'). Other features are consistent with its being a basal dinosaur. Previously, the oldest record of dinosaurs was from Argentina and dated back to the Upper Triassic Carnian stage, about 231.4 million years ago (mya). "Nyasasaurus" comes from a deposit that dates back to the Middle Triassic Anisian stage, meaning that it predates other early dinosaurs by about 15 million years.
Handen is a place in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is the seat of Haninge Municipality.
Ljungby is an urban area in the county of Kronoberg in Sweden. It is the seat of Ljungby Municipality. In 2015 there lived 15,785 people in Ljungby. History. 11th century to 1828, before Ljugby became a town. The first know persons to live in the area around Ljungby was Astrad and Götrad. Astrad and Götrad lived during the Viking Age in the 11th century. We know about them because Götrad made a runestone, The Replösa Stone, for his dead father Astrad. The first stone church was built in during the 12th century. It was built with the creation of Ljungby parish. In the 14th century an inn was built in Ljungby by order of the king. They built it because Ljungby lies were two big trade routes cross. During the 17th and 18th century the inn was owned by a woman named Märta Ljungberg. Märta Ljungberg earned a lot of money from the inn. She used some of the money to buy twelve other farms. The town of Ljungby would later be built on these twelve farms. In the beginning of the 19th century there was a need of a town in Sunnerbo hundred. There were two places that would fit a town. One was Berga and the other was Ljungby. Berga had got permission to form a town during the 13th century, but the town had never been formed. Ljungby was located more central in Sunnerbo hundred and had better road connections. In the end it was decided that the town should be built in Ljungby. 1828 to today, the town Ljungby. Sometime between 1828 and 1830 the area known as Ljungby was made into a "friköping". A "friköping" is a type of smaller town, but it does not have the same town privileges as a formal town. The new town Ljungby was founded on the
Breathe Carolina is an American electronic rock group from Denver, Colorado. It formed in early 2006. Its members are lead vocalist David Schmitt, drummer Eric Armenta, keyboardist Luis Bonet, and guitarist Tommy Cooperman. The band is best known for their successful single "Blackout", released in June 2011. It peaked at number 17 on the U.S. Billboard Pop Songs chart. Since 2008, the band has released three full-length studio albums: "It's Classy, Not Classic", "Hello Fascination", and "Hell Is What You Make It". The group has also been featured on many compilation albums, such as "Punk Goes Pop 2", "Warped Tour 2010", "Punk Goes Pop 3", "Tis the Season to be Fearless", and "Punk Goes Pop 5". Breathe Carolina's covers include "Down" by Jay Sean, "See You Again" by Miley Cyrus, and "Billie Jean" by Michael Jackson.  Discography. On July 6, 2013, the band released a mixtape titled "Bangers", featuring three songs. The band is set to released their upcoming fourth studio album, "Savages", in early 2014. The single "Savages" was released on November 26, 2013.
It's Classy, Not Classic is the debut studio album by electronicore band Breathe Carolina. It was released on September 16, 2008 in the United States. It was released by Rise Records. The single "Diamonds" was released in February, 2009. The album charted at No. 186 on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart. The album has been compared to other artists such as Jeffree Star and Blood on the Dancefloor.
Hello Fascination is an album by electronicore band Breathe Carolina. It is their second full-length studio album. It was released on August 18, 2009 through Fearless Records in the United States and Canada. The lead single "Welcome to Savannah" was released on July 7, 2009. The second single, "Hello Fascination", was released on February 2, 2010. It gained the group minor success. The third and final single, "I.D.G.A.F.", was released in July of 2010. The album charted at number 43 on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart. It also peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart. The album was produced by Mike Green and Matthew Squire. They have also worked with Good Charlotte, All Time Low, 3OH!3, Boys Like Girls, and Panic! At the Disco. Background. The album was released on August 18, 2009. It peaked at number 43 on the Billboard 200. It spent about two weeks on the chart. It also appeared in the Rock, Alternative, Independent, and Dance/Electronic Album Charts. A deluxe edition was released exclusively through iTunes on July 6, 2010. It includes five bonus songs, three remixes, and a music video. "Hello Fascination" and "The Dressing Room" can be downloaded for the iPhone application Tap Tap Revenge.
The NXT Championship is a professional wrestling championship in the WWE. The title is an NXT-only championship. History. The title was introduced by NXT Commissioner Dusty Rhodes. Rhodes said that there would be a "Gold Rush" tournament that would feature 4 developmental roster NXT Superstars and 4 main roster WWE Superstars and that they would compete to be crowned as the first NXT Champion. Seth Rollins became the first champion after he defeated Jinder Mahal in the final round. At in November 2016, Samoa Joe became the first wrestler to win the championship twice. Title history. Bo Dallas was the youngest champion, winning the title 2 days before his 23rd birthday. Samoa Joe was the oldest champion, winning it at 42 years old. Right now the champion is Oba Femi, who is in his first reign. He defeated previous champion Trick Williams and Eddy Thorpe in a Triple Threat match at on January 7, 2025, in Los Angeles, California. Combined reigns. As of 14, 2025.
David Sedaris is an American comedian and writer. His first book, "Barrel Fever", was published 1994. Half of the book is short stories. The other half is essays Sedaris wrote about himself. In 1997, he published another collection of essays, "Naked". It won the Randy Shilts Award for Gay Non-Fiction in 1998. In 1999, "Me Talk Pretty One Day" was published. "Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim" was published 2004. Sedaris was recorded reading the book for the "Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim" audiobook. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album. Career. In 1992 Sedaris read an essay that he wrote called "SantaLand Diaries" on NPR. People liked it. After this he read an essay for NPR each month. Little, Brown and Company agreed to publish his first two books. Early life. Sedaris was born in Binghamton in New York. He grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina.
The River Don (also called the "Dun" in some sections) is a river in South Yorkshire, England. It begins in the Pennines and flows for eastwards, through the Don Valley. It originally joined with the Trent, but was re-engineered in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole in the East Riding of Yorkshire.  The Don can be divided into sections by the different types of structures built to restrict its passage. The upper section has dams built to provide a public water supply. The middle section contains many weirs, which were built to power water wheels. The lower section contains weirs and locks, designed to allow for river navigation.  The Don's major tributaries are the Loxley, the Rivelin, the Sheaf, the Rother and the Dearne. The Don gets its name from Dôn (or Danu), a Celtic mother goddess. The river gave its name to the Don River in Ontario, which runs through Toronto, Canada.
Artpop (styled in all capital letters) is the third studio album by American recording artist Lady Gaga. It was released on November 11, 2013. The album was mainly produced by Gaga along with DJ White Shadow and Zedd, among other producers. Two official singles have been released from the album. The first single "Applause" was released in August 2013 and has reached #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, while reaching number five in the United Kingdom. The second single, "Do What U Want," was released on October 21, 2013. Written with R. Kelly, it has peaked at #13 on the Hot 100. The song also reached the top ten in Canada and the UK. In 2019, Gaga had the song removed from online music services after the release of the documentary "Surviving R. Kelly." On January 1, 2014, Gaga released a remix of the song with singer Christina Aguilera"." "G.U.Y." was released as the album's third single and charted moderately. Both singles reached the top ten of "Billboard"'s Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) radio chart, reaching #4 and #7, respectively. The album debuted at #1 in many countries, particularly in the United States on the "Billboard" 200 album chart and the UK Albums Chart. "Artpop" sold 258,000 copies in its first week in America and became Gaga's second number-one album in the US, after "Born This Way".
Genaro Anthony "Tony" Sirico, Jr. (July 29, 1942 – July 8, 2022) was an American actor. He was known for his role as the mobster Paulie "Walnuts" Gualtieri in the television series "The Sopranos" and Tony Stacks in the Martin Scorsese movie "Goodfellas". He also provided the voice of Vinny Griffin on the sitcom "Family Guy". Sirico died on July 8, 2022 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from problems caused by dementia at the age of 79.
Chico Hamilton (Foreststorn Hamilton, September 20, 1921 – November 25, 2013) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. Hamilton was born Foreststorn Hamilton in Los Angeles, California on September 20, 1921. His brother was actor Bernie Hamilton. Hamilton died on November 25, 2013 in Manhattan, New York from unknown causes, aged 92.