ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
"This article is about the Japanese national capital in general. For the current capital, see Tokyo." The capital of Japan is Tokyo. In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Tokyo. History. Traditionally, the home of the Emperor was considered the capital. From 794 through 1868, the Emperor lived in Kyoto. After 1868, the seat of the Government of Japan and the location of the Emperor's home was Tokyo. In 1941, the Ministry of Education published the . After World War II, the new Constitution of Japan transferred the state's sovereignty from the Emperor to the people. The people of Japan are represented by the Diet of Japan in Tokyo. Consensus considers the site of the Diet is the capital of Japan. Capital area. No law makes Tokyo as the Japanese capital. However, many laws have defined a which incorporates Tokyo. Article 2 of the of 1956 states that "In this Act, the term 'capital area' shall denote a broad region comprising both the territory of Tokyo Metropolis as well as outlying regions designated by cabinet order." Laws which identify this "capital area" include the and the . List of capitals. Legendary. This list of legendary capitals of Japan begins with the reign of Emperor Jimmu. The names of the Imperial palaces are in parentheses. Historical. This list of capitals includes the Imperial palaces names in parentheses.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are the military of Russia, created after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Armed Forces is known to be one of the biggest in the world with about 1,200,000 troops active. Russia also makes its own weapons. The Armed Forces has 6 branches: Russian Air Force, Russian Ground Forces, Russian Navy, Strategic Missile Troops, Russian Space Troops and the Russian Airborne Troops. The Commander-In-Chief is the President of Russia. History. When the Soviet Union broke up, Russia and the various other countries got parts of its large armed forces. The country's president, Boris Yeltsin, had to fix Russia and build up the military. So, Yeltsin appointed himself the Russian minister of defence. Eventually, CIS helped Russia get its defence into shape. Then in 1993, a doctrine was made to set up the official military. Personnel. As of 2008, 480,000 men joined the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term is usually a year. Russians can join at the age of 18 to 27 years old. Like any other Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has ranks. The ranks are open to non-Russian citizens as well.
"This article is about the Korean national capital in general. For the current capital, see Seoul or Pyongyang." The capital of Korea has been in many locations during the history of the Korean peninsula. Today there are two Koreas, each with its own capital city:  Since the end of World War II, there have been two countries or divided Korea: If reunification were to take place someday, alternate prospects for the capital city, along with Seoul and Pyŏngyang,are Sejong City in South Korea and Kaesong in North Korea. History. The Go-Joseon period lasted from 2333 BC to 108 BC. The Three Kingdoms period lasted from 57 BC to AD 676 The Goryeo Dynasty lasted from 918 to 1392. The Joseon Dynasty lasted from 1392 to 1910. The Japanese colonial period lasted from 1910 to 1945.
"This article is about the Egyptian national capital in general. For the current capital, see Cairo." The Capital of Egypt is Cairo. In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Cairo. History. List of Egyptian capitals. The capitals of Egypt in chronological order begin with Thinis (pre-2950 BC)
, also called Naniwa no Tsu, was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan in the 7th and 8th centuries. It was located in present-day Osaka. History. Naniwa was founded by Emperor Temmu in 683. After 745, the capital moved to Heijō-kyō. Archeology. In 1957, traces of ancient palaces were found. Other archaeological site was discovered in 2006.
Aggression refers to behavior between members of the same species that is intended to cause humiliation, pain, or harm. Ferguson and Beaver defined aggressive behavior as ""Behavior which is intended to increase the social dominance of the organism relative to the dominance position of other organisms"” Aggression takes a variety of forms among humans and can be physical, mental, or verbal. There are two types of aggression - hostile, affective aggression and instrumental, predatory, or goal-oriented aggression. Reactive relational aggression (hostile, affective, retaliatory) is used in response to feeling attacked, threatened, or mad. Usually the person who shows this type of aggression feels provoked to do so. Instrumental relational aggression (predatory, goal-oriented) is used in order for an individual to get what they want. Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species is not normally considered as "aggression." Like most, or even all behaviors, aggression can be examined in terms of its ability to help an animal reproduce and survive. Animals may use aggression to gain and secure territories, as well as other resources including food, water, and mating opportunities. The most apparent type of aggression is that seen in the interaction between a predator and its prey. An animal defending itself against a predator becomes aggressive in order to survive and predator in order to secure food. Because aggression against a much larger enemy or group of enemies would be nearly certain to lead to the death of an animal, animals have developed a good sense of when they are outnumbered. This ability to gauge the strength of other animals gives animals a "fight or flight" response to predators; depending on how strong they gauge the predator to be, animals will either become aggressive or flee. Although humans share aspects of aggression with non-human animals, they differ from most of them in the complexity of their aggression because of factors such as culture, morals, and social situations. Aggression research. Aggression is a behavior where one harms another individual intentionally. Over the years, there has been an ongoing debate on the origin or causes of aggression among humans. Some theories argue that aggression is innate, while others contend it is a learned behavior.
, also called Kuni no miyako, was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan between 740 and 744. It was in present-day Kizugawa in Kyoto Prefecture.  History. The new capital of Emperor Shōmu was built by Tachibana no Moroe. The palace ("Kuni no miya") was built in the former Yamashiro Province. in what became the town Kizu.  The city of Kuni-kyō was not completed. The court and capital moved to Naniwa-kyō (Osaka) after only four years. Archeology. Studies of the archaeological site suggest the location of the main buildings. The city was laid out in a grid. The area of palace is estimated to have been 500+ meters wide and 700+ meters long.
Nina Burger (born 27 December 1987 in Tulln, Austria) is a former Austrian football player. She played for the Austria national football team. She was a striker. Career. She started playing at the age of seven for the youth teams of FC Hausleiten. She started her club career with SV Langenrohr from Lower Austria. In 2005 she went to SV Neulengbach. "Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first.
Heijō-kyō (, also known as Heizei-kyō) was twice the ancient Imperial capital of Japan from 710 to 784. It was where Nara is today. History. In 710, Empress Gemmei moved the Imperial capital from Fujiwara-kyō which is about 18 km south. Architecture. The Heijō Palace and some of the Buddhist temples at Heijō-kyō are named together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, including
Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam () (2002), meaning "Of Parashurama and Rama", is a Sanskrit epic poem (Mahākāvya) made by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (1950–) in 2002. It is made of 2121 verses in 40 Sanskrit and Prakrit metres and is separated into 21 cantos ("Sarga"s) and each contains 101 verses. The epic is the story of the two Rama Avatars – Parashurama and Rama. This is found in the Ramayana and other Hindu books. "Bhārgava" is used for Parashurama, as he was born in the family of the religious teacher Maharishi Bhrigu, while "Rāghava" is used for to Rama as he was born in the royal family of king Raghu. The poet was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit in 2005, and many other awards for this work. A copy of the epic with a Hindi commentary by the poet himself was published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh. The book was released by the then prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee on October 30, 2002.
"This article is about the French national capital in general. For the current capital, see Paris." The capital of France is Paris. In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Paris.
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a collection of information about the three dimensional (3-D) structure of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Biologists and biochemists from around the world send in the data. Most data comes from X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Anyone can access the PDB for free online. The Worldwide Protein Data Bank, wwPDB, manages the PDB. The PDB is useful for scientists studying structural biology and structural genomics. Many scientists have to send their information to the database. Major scientific journals and some funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health in the United States have rules telling scientists to send the data to the PDB. The PDB has the original or primary data. Hundreds of other databases reuse the data. These secondary databases organize the information in different ways. For example, both SCOP and CATH put structures into groups organized by type of structure and ideas about how they are related through evolution. Gene ontology puts the data into groups based on genes.
Dhok Padhal () is a village in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan. Geography. The village is at 32° 58' 40" North, 73° 30' 40" East and has an altitude of 275 metres (905 ft) Falling Rain Genomics and has an area of about .It lies 10 km west of Dina, 5 km north of Rohtas and 30 km north east of Tilla Jogian.
The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijani: "Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист РеспубликасыAzərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası"; Russian: Азербайджанская Советская Социалистическая Республика [АзССР] "Azerbaydzhanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika [AzSSR]"), also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union. It was founded on April 28, 1920 as the Azerbaijan SSR. From March 12, 1922 to December 5, 1936, it was part of the Transcaucasian SFSR together with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR. In December 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on March 14, 1937. On November 19, 1990, the Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the "Republic of Azerbaijan" while still a part of the Soviet Union for another year before its collapse and the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991.
Plitvice Lakes is a World Heritage Site and National Park in Croatia.  Waters flowing over the limestone and chalk have deposited minerals, and created natural dams. The result is a series of beautiful lakes, caves and waterfalls. The forests in the park are home to bears, wolves and many rare birds. Plitvice is the oldest national park in southeast Europe and the largest national park in Croatia. It was founded in 1949 and is in the mountainous karst area of central Croatia, at the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1979, Plitvice Lakes was one of the first natural sites added to the UNESCO World Heritage register. Each year, more than 900,000 visitors are recorded. The lakes are renowned for their distinctive colours, ranging from azure to green, grey or blue. The colours change constantly depending on the quantity of minerals or organisms in the water and the angle of sunlight. Wildlife. Plants. The area includes forests, meadows and water plants; ecologically it ranges from Alpine to Mediterranean conditions. Of over 1,000 types of plant, 75 are endemic, found naturally only here, and 55 are species of orchids. Animals. The park is home to a wide variety of animal and bird species. Rare fauna such as the European brown bear, wolf, eagle, owl, lynx, wild cat, capercaillie and many bats are there, with many more common species.  157 species of birds have been recorded, 70 of which nest in the area. 12 amphibian species and lizards, snakes and turtles are there also.
Jat also known as Jaat or Jutt is a traditional semi-nomadic rural community, substantially belong to the agriculturalists found in north western region of India including some parts of Pakistani Punjab. The Jat community is found majorly in three religions: Hindu, Muslim and Sikh.  History. Jats had its origins in pastoralism in the lower Indus valley of Sindh until they were forced northwards due to the Islamic conquests. "... (North India) contained large numbers of non-elite tillers.Like many similar titles used elsewhere, this was not so much a caste name as a broad designation for the man of substance in rural terrain. … To be called Jat has in some regions implied a background of pastoralism, though it has more commonly been a designation of non-servile cultivating people". Many Jat people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment. Distribution. Jaats inhabited throughout the Punjab region, Sindh and some other northwestern parts of Subcontinent.
Sapote (from Nahuatl tzapotl) is a word for a soft, edible fruit. The word is part of the names of several plants from Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America that have fruits.  Some but not all sapotes come from the family Sapotaceae:
"Hansel and Gretel" () is a fairy tale from Germany. The Brothers Grimm heard it from Dortchen Wild in Cassel and published it in their "Children's and Household Tales" in 1812. The Grimms revised the tale over the years. They gave the children names, changed the mother to a stepmother, and introduced Christian motifs. Their final version is dated 1857. The tale has been adapted to many media, most notably the opera "Hänsel und Gretel" (1893) by Engelbert Humperdinck. A stop-motion animated movie based on the opera was made in the 1950s. Story. Hansel and Gretel are a young brother and sister who learn their parents intend to abandon them in the forest. Despite their situation, Hansel and Gretel’s spirits remained high.They find their way home by leaving a trail of pebbles. One day, however, their parents succeed. The children wander the forest and come upon a house made of cake and candy. It belongs to an old woman who makes the children prisoners. Although, she intends to eat them, she fails. Gretel outwits her. She pushes the old woman into the oven and slams the door. The two poor kids escaped and lived happily ever after.
Singapore has sent athletes to most Summer Olympic Games held since 1948. The country was created as a separate British Crown Colony from the Straits Settlements about three months before the start of the 1948 Summer Olympics. It sent a team to the Games until 1964.  At that time, Singapore was part of Malaysia. The team from Malaysia included people from Singapore. When Singapore became independent from Malaysia in 1965, the country began sending its own team again. It sent a team for every summer games after then, except in 1980. The country boycotted the 1980 games along with many other countries. No athletes from Singapore have been in any Winter Olympic Games. Olympic medals. The country has won four Olympic medals. The first medal was won by Tan Howe Liang, who won a silver medal in lightweight weightlifting in 1960. In table tennis, Jing Jun Hong and Li Jiawei came close to winning medals in Sydney in 2000. They finished in fourth place. They also finished fourth in the 2004 Athens Olympics. Singapore sent many athletes to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. It was felt that this was their best chance of winning a medal since 1960. This proved to be true. In the Beijing, Li, together with Feng Tianwei and Wang Yuegu, beat the South Korea Women's Table Tennis team in the semi-finals. Because of this, they made it to the final match and would win at least the silver medal. Singapore lost to host China in the gold medal final.
Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 – March 30, 1965) was an American physician. Hench won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950. He won the award along with his Mayo Clinic co-worker Edward Calvin Kendall and Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein . They won it for finding the hormone cortisone and its use for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Hench went to university at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. He was trained as a physician at the United States Army Medical Corps and the University of Pittsburgh. Hench began working at Mayo Clinic in 1923. He later became the head of the Department of Rheumatology. Early life and education. He attended Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. At Lafayette, he earned his Bachelor of Arts in 1916. After that, he served in the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army and the reserve corps to finish his medical training. He got a doctorate in medicine from the University of Pittsburgh in 1920. After getting his medical degree, Hench spent a year as an intern at St. Francis Hospital in Pittsburgh. Next, he became a Fellow of the Mayo Foundation. In 1928 and 1929, Hench studied at Freiburg University and the von Müller Clinic in Munich. Medical career. Hench started his career at Mayo Clinic in 1923. He worked in the Department of Rheumatic Diseases. In 1926, he became the head of the department. While at Mayo Clinic, Hench worked mainly on arthritic diseases. This lead him to believe that steroids lessened the pain caused by the disease. During this time, biochemist Edward Calvin Kendall has found several steroids created by the adrenal gland cortex. After several years of work, Hench and Kendall decided to use one of these steroids on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Testing of the hypothesis was delayed because the synthesis of Compound E was costly and time-consuming, and Hench served in the military during World War II. The tests were conducted successfully in 1948 and 1949. The steroid they used was named Compound E at the time. It later
LUV Graz (women) is a women´s football club from the Styrian capital Graz. The club plays in the 2nd Frauenbundesliga. soccer. History. The club started as women team of the football club LUV Graz which was founded in 1959. They played from 1978 on in the Damenliga Ost, which was then the highest class in Austrian women´s soccer. In 1982 the ÖFB started the Frauen Bundesliga, which is now the ÖFB-Frauenliga. LUV Graz played from the beginning in this league. 1979 the club won the Cup. 1984 till 1986 the club reached the Cup-final but was beaten all three times. In the 1986 season the club reached the second place in the Championship. After the 1988/89 season the club stopped playing in the top level league. In 1998 the club was restarted as independent women soccer club. They started in the Landesliga Steiermark, which was then the second level of women soccer. 2001 they returned to the ÖFB-Frauenliga. Since then LUV Graz is part of the league. They reached mostly places in the middle of the table, but in 2007 they were runner-up in the league. The second team of the club is playing in the Styrian Landesliga (3rd level). The club has also an U19 team.
Jo Dee Messina is an American country music artist. She was born in Massachusetts on August 25, 1970. She has had nine #1 songs on the United States Billboard Country Music Charts. As late as 2008 she had a song on Billboard's Hot Country Songs music chart.  She has been honored under the Country Music Association. In the past, she was nominated for two Grammy Awards. She was the first female country artist to score 3 multiple-week number one singles. Messina relocated to Nashville, Tennessee around age 19.
The Winnipeg General Strike happened in March 1919 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Although many Canadian companies had enjoyed large profits during World War I, they had bad contracts, wages, and working conditions. Some protesters rioted.
Sejo of Joseon (; September 29 1417 – September 8 1468) was the seventh king of the Joseon Dynasty. He was the second son of Sejong the Great. In 1429 his peerage was Grand Prince Suyang. When his father died in 1450, his elder brother Munjong was crowned. Two years later Munjong died, and Munjong's son Danjong was crowned. In 1455, he took the throne and became king of Joseon himself. Sejo's nephew Danjong was expelled. Danjong was then murdered in 1455.
Kaštanka is a forest. It has one of the highest lying sets of chestnuts in central Europe. It is in a small town called Nasavrky. Nasavrky is in eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is about 25 km south of county seat Pardubice.  History. Jan Adam von Auersperg came back from Italy with six seedlings of chestnut at the end of 18th century. He ordered that the seedlings were planted on the north side of Nasavrky hill. This happened between 1776 to 1778. The plants were the start of Kaštanka. In passing time, the set was expanded a lot. Kaštanka had over 110 trees in the turn of 19th and 20th century. Kaštanka was made a nature monument on 1 December 1990. At that time, Kaštanka had over 138 trees. One of the first planted trees survives to this day. It was named "Knížák" in honor of prince Auersperg. The chestnut became the sign of Nasavrky. It became the main motive in the emblem of the city Nasavrky, and the flag of Nasavrlky in 1996. Main information. Kaštanka is natural monument which was declared as special protection area on 1st December 1990. The set of chestnuts is on a slight rise north ward. This area is in a built-up area about 100 meters from the city square. Kaštanka is at an altitude of 472 – 486. The area of set is 1,088 hectares large and all trees are chestnut trees expect a few that are on the edge. Inspired by Kaštanka. Kaštanka was main theme of many artists like painters, sculptors and writers. Some writers wrote novels about Kaštanka. Two of the authors that did this were Marie Doležalová and Alois Stanislav Novák. Kaštanka gave Věra Vovsová, Jiří Poláček and Karel Pavlík the inspiration to make art. Vovsová said this about Kaštanka:
Anna Marie "Patty" Duke (December 14, 1946 – March 29, 2016) was an American stage, television and movie actress. She was born in Manhattan, New York City. Duke was married to actor John Astin and had two children; Mackenzie Astin and Sean Astin.  In 1963, at age 16, Duke won the Academy Award for "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for playing Helen Keller in "The Miracle Worker". At the time, she was the youngest person to win the award.  On March 29, 2016, Duke died of sepsis from a ruptured intestine in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. She was 69 years old.
Prequel is a term in drama and literature: it is a fusion of the words 'precursor' and 'sequel'.  When a story is told in several stages, it is natural to tell it in order of time. For example, a series of books on the Second World War started with the 1930s and ended up in 1946.  For various reasons, this does not always happen. In the movie series "Star Wars", the first movie was ' (1977). It was followed by three prequels, which were ' (1999); ' (2002) and ' (2005). For correct use, the term 'prequel' is only applied when work is part of a series, and when the later publication refers to an earlier time. It is an old idea, but one which is often used today for drama on movie and television. The "Cypria", a work of Ancient Greek literature, is a prequel to Homer's "Iliad". A related idea is the back-story, which is the background story of a main story or character.