ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Obi (帯, おび) is a Japanese word meaning "belt" or "band". Mostly, it is used to describe the types of sash worn with kimono and keikogi. Obi are worn by both men and women. They can be very simple, made of one layer of lightweight fabric, or decorated heavily, made of stiff, woven material, embroidered and dyed with different designs. Obi for men are less wide and shorter than obi for women. Men mostly wear "kaku" obi, but sometimes wear "heko" obi, which are made of much softer material. "Heko" obi are worn casually, but "kaku" obi can be worn casually and formally. Obi for women are much wider and longer. Most women usually wear a "nagoya" obi, which is wider at one end. In summer, women wear "hanhaba" obi with "yukata". Formal obi for women can be woven from metallic yarns, covered in embroidery, or dyed in an elegant design. Obi for women are usually the most expensive part of a kimono outfit. However, obi for men can be expensive as well. Expensive obi are usually made by very skilled artists. Some of these people are called National Living Treasures because they are so skilled. Obi worn for practicing martial arts are a lot thinner and shorter than other kinds of obi. They come in different colours, and the colours show how skilled someone is in practicing martial arts. When someone becomes skilled enough, they wear a new colour of obi. Both men and women wear the same size and length of obi in martial arts, and they are not decorated with embroidery or dyes designs.
Nitrogen fixation is how nitrogen in the air (N2) is changed (converted) into ammonia () or other nitrogenous compounds in the soil. Nitrogen fixation is essential to life because nitrogen compounds are needed for making all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Atmospheric nitrogen is a relatively unreactive molecule. It is useless to all except a few bacteria and archaea. Biological nitrogen fixation converts into ammonia, which is used (metabolized) by most organisms. Nitrogen is fixed in biological and non-biological ways: Biological. Microorganisms that fix nitrogen (diazotrophs). Cyanobacteria are in most environments on Earth. They play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Cyanobacteria use many sources of combined nitrogen, like nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, or some amino acids.  Several cyanobacteria are also diazotrophs which can fix nitrogen from the air. This is an ability which may have been present in their last common ancestor in the Archaean.  Cyanobacteria in coral reefs can fix twice the amount of nitrogen than on land—around 1.8 kg of nitrogen is fixed per hectare per day. The colonial marine cyanobacterium "Trichodesmium" may fix nitrogen on such a scale that it accounts for almost half of the nitrogen-fixation in marine systems on a global scale. Root nodule symbioses. Legume family. Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae – with taxa such as kudzu, clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, peanuts, and rooibos. They have symbiotic bacteria called "Rhizobia" in nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with other plants. When the plant dies, the fixed  nitrogen is released, making it available to other plants and this helps to fertilize the soil. Most legumes have this association, but a few genera (e.g., "Styphnolobium") do not. In traditional farming practice, fields
The nitrogen cycle is the way that nitrogen in nature is changed into many different forms that are used by living organism[s].  Air is about 78% nitrogen. Nitrogen chemicals are needed for life. Nitrogen is a necessary part of proteins, DNA, and RNA. In plants, nitrogen is needed for photosynthesis and growth. However, living things cannot use the elemental nitrogen in the air for these things. Nitrogen fixation is needed to change the nitrogen in air (N2) into forms that can be used by life. Most nitrogen fixation is done by microorganisms called bacteria. These bacteria have an enzyme that combines N2 with hydrogen gas (H2) to make ammonia (NH3).  Some of these bacteria live in the roots of plants (mostly legumes). In these roots, they make ammonia for the plant and the plant gives them carbohydrates. Other plants take nitrogen compounds out of the soil through their roots. All nitrogen in animals comes from eating plants. Ammonium (NH4) in soil is made by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers, bacteria and fungi that break down dead life into its parts. This process is called "ammonification". Ammonium has a positive charge. It easily joins to clay and humus in the soil. Ammonia and ammonium are poisonous to fish and other animals. Sewage and other waste-water is regularly measured because of this. If ammonia levels are too high, "nitrification" must happen.  Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonia and ammonium to nitrite (NO2−) and then to nitrate (NO3−) by bacteria. Because nitrite and nitrate have a negative charge they do not easily join to soil and will wash out of the soil during rain and irrigation. High nitrate levels in drinking water are harmful for babies and can cause blue-baby syndrome. High nitrate levels can also cause too much algae growth in lakes and pools. This eutrophication can be harmful to fish and other water animals. The use of fertilizers is controlled because of this.  Where there is no oxygen, some bacteria will make nitrate into nitrogen gas (N2) to extract energy. This starts the nitrogen cycle over again. This process is called "denitrification".
Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; ), also known as Moscow State University, is the largest and oldest university in Russia. It was made in 1755 and is in Moscow. It was made by Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov. It is named after Lomonosov. The university building is an example of Stalinist architecture. In total, there are seven such towers around Moscow. The tower at the university is the largest one. The tower was designed by architect Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev. It was built after the war. He was awarded the Stalin Prize for its construction, in 1949. The building was the largest skyscraper outside New York for a long time. It was the tallest buildimg in Europe, until 1988. The central tower is 240m high. It has 36-stories. It is flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometers of corridors and 5,000 rooms. Facilities that are inside the building include a concert hall, a theatre, a museum, various administration services, a library, a swimming pool, a police station, a post office, a laundry, a hairdresser's salon, a canteen, bank offices, shops, cafeterias, and a bomb shelter. Along with the university administration, four of the main faculties - Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Geology, the Faculty of Geography, and the Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts - now are in the Main building. The star on the top of the tower is large enough so that it has a small room and a viewing platform; it weighs 12 tons. The building's facades are decorated with giant clocks, barometers, and thermometers, statues, carved wheat sheaves, and Soviet crests (recently renovated). It stands before a terrace featuring statues of male and female students gazing optimistically and confidently into the future.
A boarding school is a school where students live and sleep. Some boarding schools have day students who go home at the end of the school day. If the school costs money, they don't have to pay as much money. A person who stays at a boarding school is called a "boarder". In the UK 1% of children go to boarding schools and 13% of private school pupils are boarders. Most boarding schools are private. This means that as well as having to pay to sleep there, students have to pay for their education.  In Ghana most secondary schools are boarding. Famous private boarding schools include Eton College, Rugby School and Harrow School in the United Kingdom, Phillips Exeter Academy in the United States and Cornway College in Zimbabwe. There are therapeutic boarding schools which offer treatment for psychological difficulties. Special needs education for children are catered for in some boarding schools. Some boarding schools offer 'democratic education', such as Summerhill School (where pupils make many of the decisions). Others are determinedly international, such as the United World Colleges. Military schools or academies provide discipline and may offer a way into military service. Gordonstoun in Scotland is a co-educational school for both day and boarding pupils. Some famous novels use boarding schools as their setting. Examples include the" Harry Potter" series by J.K. Rowling;" A Little Princess" by Frances Hodgson Burnett; "The Catcher in the Rye "by J.D. Salinger;" the Malory Towers, St. Clare's "and "The Naughtiest Girl "series" "by Enid Blyton; and "Nicholas Nickleby "by Charles Dickens.
Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (born 13 October 1971) is an English comedian, writer and actor. He was born in Hammersmith in London. In 2021, Cohen was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Abbie Hoffman in "The Trial of the Chicago 7". Career. He made a television series called Da Ali G Show, in the series he had three characters: He also made a movie about the character Borat called "". This movie made Cohen an international celebrity. In 2009 he made a movie about Bruno called "Brüno". The movie about Borat made about $26.4 million in its debut. In 2012 Cohen played Thénardier in "Les Misérables". In 2012, Cohen made a movie called "The Dictator" in which he played Admiral General Aladeen. Personal life. Cohen became engaged to Isla Fisher in 2004. The couple married in 2010. They have two daughters and a son. Cohen is Jewish.
Utrecht (officially "Province of Utrecht") is a province in the Netherlands. It is found near the centre of the country. Utrecht is the smallest province by size in the Netherlands. About 1,388,000 people are living in Utrecht (2023). Its capital is also called Utrecht, it is the city of Utrecht.
George II (George Augustus, 10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was a British king. He was born in Germany. He was the last British monarch born outside of Great Britain. New British law in the early 1700s allowed that only his father's mother, Sophia of Hanover, and her Protestant children to inherit the British throne. After the deaths of George's grandmother and Queen Anne of Great Britain in 1714, George's father became king of Great Britain as George I.  He became King of Great Britain and King of Ireland in 1727 after the death of his father. He was also Elector of Hanover. His son, Frederick, Prince of Wales died before him, so Frederick’s son became George III of Great Britain. George II died of heart problems on the toilet on 25 October 1760. His body was buried on 11 November in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Caroline of Ansbach
Amanda Leigh Moore, known as Mandy Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American actress and pop singer-songwriter. She was born in Nashua, New Hampshire and grew up in Longwood, Florida, outside of Orlando. She has been active since the late 1990s. She is known for the voice of Sheriff Callie in "Sheriff Callie's Wild West", Bingo in "Rivit Monsters", Polana in "" and "Trolls: TrollsTopia" and Courtney in the "Family Guy" episode "No Giggity, No Doubt", Rapunzel in Sofia the First and , Mara in , Tabitha Vixx in The Simpsons.  Moore is also a cast member of the 2016 American dramedy series "This Is Us". And she's also the Theme song singer of: "Sheriff Callie's Wild West". Discography. Studio albums
were courtesans in Japan. Oiran were part of Japanese society during the Edo period, (1600–1868). Prostitution was legal then, but only in special neighborhoods that were closed to outsiders. There were different kinds of oiran, depending on their beauty, skills in art, education, and more. High-ranking oiran were called . Only nobles could be with one. Tayū had many servants, and when they went outside, their servants carried them and followed them, making a procession. They wore very expensive clothes and jewelry. Any man who wished to be with an oiran had to follow difficult rituals and etiquette. Geisha replaced oiran. Geisha practiced common types of entertainment enjoyed by the people of that time. They became more popular than oiran. The last known oiran was in 1761. A few women still practice the arts of the oiran today (without sex) to continue the cultural heritage.
The Philharmonia is an orchestra from London. History. The orchestra was formed in 1945 by Walter Legge. Legge was not a conductor, but he was a man who organized a lot of music, especially recordings. The orchestra spent most of their time making gramophone recordings, but sometimes they also gave concerts. The conductor Thomas Beecham led their first concert in 1946, but Beecham had always organized his own orchestras and he wanted to organize this one. He even wanted to change the orchestra’s name. The players decided that they did not want Beecham as their conductor. Beecham went on to form another orchestra which he called the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. In the first years of the Philharmonia they were conducted by several world-famous conductors, including Arturo Toscanini, Wilhelm Furtwängler and, especially, Herbert von Karajan. Karajan helped the orchestra to become one of the finest in the world, and he made many recordings with them, including all the Beethoven symphonies. In 1954 Karajan left to conduct the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Legge found another world-famous conductor, Otto Klemperer. Although he was already quite old, Klemperer made many excellent recordings with the orchestra. In 1959 the orchestra gave Klemperer the title of Music Director for the rest of his life. In 1964 Legge thought the orchestra had done enough recordings and he was going to bring it to an end. Both the orchestra and Klemperer wanted it to continue, so the orchestra made their own organizing body (like other London orchestras) and they continued, calling themselves by a new name: the "New Philharmonia Orchestra". They gave their first concert under their new name on 27 October 1964. It was a performance of Beethoven's "Symphony No. 9", conducted by Klemperer. The orchestra gave many more concerts after it became self-governing than it had when Legge had been organizing them. Continuing as the New Philharmonia Orchestra, it got its old name “Philharmon
means simply "drum" in Japanese. Outside Japan, the word is used to refer to any of the different kinds of Japanese drums (, "wadaiko", "Japanese drum" in Japanese) and to the more or less new art of taiko drumming bands (sometimes better called, "kumi-daiko", ). The taiko drum originated in the country of Japan. This drum was created by Daihachi Oguchi in 1951. The taiko drum makes a very loud, deep sound. In a traditional Japanese village the "odaiko" (big drum) defined the extent of the village land. In modern Japan, wadaiko has become more of a performance art, seen only during festivals or in concert. The most famous Wadaiko performance group are 'Kodo' (meaning heart-beat). They are not only the worlds most respected Japanese drumming group, they also maintain many traditional art forms. They group lives on the island 'Sado Higashima' and live together as a community in a traditional way. Many other cultures have adopted this style of drumming, from Germany and the United States to Australia.
Kitagawa Utamaro (;  – 31 October 1806), also called Utamaro, was a Japanese artist. He was a master of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting. Career. Utamaro is known for his studies of women ("bijinga"). He also made nature studies.  His work was popular in Europe. He influenced artists in Europe who were called Impressionists.
A hanamachi (花街) is a Japanese word used to call a neighborhood where courtesans and geisha lived and worked. The word's literal meaning is "flower town". These neighborhoods used to have many "okiya" ("geisha houses") and "ochaya" ("tea houses", where geishas entertained guests). The term "hanamachi" is used in modern Japan to call the areas where modern-day geisha are still living and working. Today, "hanamachi" are rare outside of Kyoto.
There are two types of Japanese traditional dance: "Odori", which was created in the Edo period; and "Mai", which was created in the western part of Japan. Odori came from "Kabuki" drama, where it is danced by men. Mai derives from "Noh" drama, also danced by men. Today it is usually danced by female dancers, and is mostly done in houses, instead of on stage. A type of the Mai style of Japanese dance is the "Kyomai" or Kyoto style dance. Kyomai was created in the 17th century Tokugawa cultural period. Noh drama, music and dance was heavily influenced by the elegance of the manners of the Japanese Imperial Court. Kabuki drama, and hence Odori, was a more democratic form, but still (viewed with modern eyes) quite traditional.
Parkour is an activity in which the goal is to move from one place to another as quickly and efficiently as possible, using the abilities of the human body. Parkour helps to overcome barriers, and is practiced in rural and urban areas. Parkour practitioners are called "traceurs", or "traceuses" for females. Founded by David Belle in France, practitioners only use efficient movements to develop their bodies and minds, and to be able to overcome barriers in an emergency. It may also be a form of entertainment or a hobby. Acrobatics (such as flips and wall flips) are not part of parkour, because of inefficiency in a difficult situation (emergency). Freerunning is the branch of parkour, when such flips are used rather than efficient movement. In 1988, David Belle was 15 years old. His father Raymond Belle was a great fireman. David was influenced by his father. He left school at the age of 16 and his father helped him to make him stronger. David and his classmates began to create new actions to train themselves. They named it parkour.  The basic motion of parkour 1. Landing 2. Roll 3. Rolling 4. Swan dive 5. Balance 6. Cat balance 7. Precision one foot take off 8. Precision 2 footed take off 9. Dismount 10. Turn vault 11. Wall run 12. Tic tac 13. Tic tac to precision 14. Crane 15. Moonstep 16. Catleap 17. 180% cat　　 18. Running cat　　 19. Tic tac to cat 20. Monkey vault 21. Kingkong vault　　 22. Double kingkong 23. Diving kingkong 24. Kong precision 25. Kingkong cat　　 26. Dash vault 27. Kingkong dash 28. Lazy vault 29. Speed vault 30. Underbar 31. Lache 32. Hand stand 33. Flag 34.Palmspin　　 35. Wall spin 36. Aerial。 37. Sideflip 38. Backflip 39. Frontflip 40. Star Jumping Parkour does involve risks but usually the public tends to overestimate those. Football, as well as quite a lot of other sports as well, has a higher injury rate.
Li Guang (; ? – 119 BC) born in Tianshui, Gansu, China, was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty. His father, Li Xin, was a great military leader. Li Guang became a soldier when he was young. As Li Guang fought bravely in the battlefields, he was soon promoted to a general. He killed himself in the year 119 BC. Achievements. Li Guang, renowned for his leadership during the Western Han dynasty, was a stalwart military commander whose loyalty to his subordinates was unwavering. During the reign of Emperor Jing (157-141 BCE), Li Guang's merit ascended steadily. He rose to prominence as Commander-in-chief of Longxi, assuming the mantle of leadership as the head of the gentlemen of cavalry and Commandant of the imperial guard. Successively, he governed various commanderies as their appointed governor, showcasing his administrative prowess and dedication to imperial service. He fought mainly against the Xiongnu people which were located  to the north of Han China. Under the reign of Emperor Wu (141-87 BCE), Li Guang's influence continued to burgeon. He was appointed Chamberlain for the Palace Garrison, entrusted with the safeguarding of the imperial residence. His military acumen led to his elevation as General of the imperial guard, a position of paramount importance in ensuring the security of the realm. Additionally, he assumed the mantle of governorship over Youbeiping, a strategic border region crucial for maintaining stability in the vicinity of modern Beijing. Through these appointments, Li Guang's legacy as a trusted guardian of the Han dynasty flourished. Through trials and triumphs, he stood by his soldiers, earning their respect and camaraderie. His prowess in archery was unmatched, a skill that bolstered his reputation and secured victories on the battlefield. His bravery and strategic acumen made him a formidable opponent, striking fear into the hearts of Hun adversaries who dubbed him the "Flying General." Despite his military successes, Li Guang found himself marginalized by the court's bureaucrats, his contributions often overlooked or overshadowed. This neglect and disillusionment weighed heavily upon him, ultimately leading to his demise amidst a tide of sorrow and regret.
The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea is a London borough, west of central London. Notting Hill is in North Kensington. The borough includes several districts in the west of London; before 1965 the two boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea were separately administered.
Huo Qubing (; 140 BC - 117 BC) was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was very good at shooting with his bow on a horse. When he was 18, he was ordered to attack the Xiongnu with 800 cavalry. Finally, his troops killed about 2,000 enemies and kidnapped the imperial officials. In the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu ordered Huo Qubing to invade the Xiongnu with 10,000 cavalry. He occupied 5 cities within 6 days and finally killed 8,000 enemies. In order to fairly eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing led 100,000 cavalry and fought with their enemies in the desert in the spring of 119 BC. Huo Qubing died in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), the capital of the Han Dynasty, when he was 24.
In Hinduism, Kali Yuga (Devanāgarī: , lit. "Age of Kali", "age of vice"), is one of the four stages or yugas that the world goes through. Traditionally, most Hindus believe that the Kali Yuga is 432,000 years long. Kali Yuga, in Punjabi known as Kalyug, is also recognized and stated in Sikhism.
Squashes are a kind of vegetable. They are originally from the Americas. Gourds are in the same family as squashes. Pumpkins and zucchini (courgette) are types of squashes. Although squash is a fruit according to its botanical classification, it is generally considered a vegetable in food preparation. A squash can grow up to fifteen feet tall. Word origin. The English word "squash" comes from askutasquash (which means "a green thing eaten raw"). This is a word from the Narragansett language, which was documented by Roger Williams in his 1643 publication "A Key Into the Language of America". There are similar words for squash in related languages of the Algonquian family such as Massachusett. Squash and art. The squash has been an important crop in the Andes mountains since the pre-Columbian Era. The Moche culture from Northern Peru made ceramics from earth, water, and fire. This pottery was used to represent important themes. Squash are a popular shape in Moche ceramics.
Nelumbo is a genus of water plants which are also known as lotus. Lotus flowers are large – up to 20 cm (8 inches) across – and they smell sweet. The Sacred lotus of Asia has pink flowers. The American lotus has yellow flowers. In India the lotus is considered a symbol of purity The lotus flowers grow over the water. Lotus leaves often float on top of the water. The roots of lotus plants are in the mud (wet dirt) under the water. Every part of every plant must have air for respiration (breathing). Air spaces in the stems and roots make the lotus able to live and respire under water. People can eat lotus roots and seeds. Cattle (cows) like to eat the leaves and flowers. Lotuses look rather like water lilies from the Nymphaeaceae family. It is the "National flower" of both India and Vietnam and also the "Provincial flower" of Sindh province, Pakistan.