ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Cicadas are small insects. They are kinds of true bugs. The noisy buzz they make is the male calling to the female using his vibrating panels, called "tymbals", on his sides. When the female, who cannot buzz, hears the buzz of a male, she searches for him. After they mate, the female will use her ovipositor to cut a line into the branch of a tree and lay her eggs there. Adult cicadas don't usually bite. They are usually green or black. Cicadas can also be eaten. It is eaten in countries like China. Cicadas live in temperate to tropical climates where their large size and unique sound makes them well known. Cicadas are often colloquially called locusts, although they are unrelated to true locusts, which are a kind of grasshopper. Cicadas are related to leafhoppers and spittlebugs. Taxonomy. Cicadas are arranged into two families: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. There are two living species of Tettigarctidae, one in southern Australia, and the other in Tasmania. The family Cicadidae is very widespread. They live on all continents except Antarctica.  The largest cicadas are in the genera "Pomponia" and "Tacua". There are some 200 species in 38 genera in Australia, about 450 in Africa, about 100 in the Palaearctic, and exactly one species in England, the New Forest cicada, "Melampsalta montana", widely distributed throughout Europe. There are about 150 species in South Africa. Most of the North American species are in the genus "Tibicen": the "annual" or "jar fly" or "dog-day cicadas" (so named because they emerge in late July and August). Periodic cicadas. The best-known North American genus is "Magicicada". These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 to 17 years and then emerge in large numbers. The advantage of this arrangement is that the predators are swamped by their numbers, and so most of them survive. There are three species of
Liège Airport, also called Liège-Bierset, is an important cargo airport in Belgium. In 2007 it was the 8th busiest cargo airport in Europe and the 38th busiest in the world. Liège is in the centre of the "golden triangle" Paris – Amsterdam – Frankfurt that handles 66% of European freight, 75% with London added. The airport is in the northwest of the city of Liège, in the east of Belgium. It is mainly used for freight operation but also serves more than 21 destinations for passengers (mainly charters). Liège Airport is the world hub of TNT Airways, and the European hub of CAL Cargo Air Lines, El Al Cargo and Ethiopian Cargo (using Southern Air aircraft). The airport is also used as a regular refuelling stop on New York City – Middle East routes by Kalitta Air (including the Newark – Baghdad route for US mail).
In Object-oriented programming, an object is an instance of a Class. Objects are abstractly a collection of "fields". Fields are like variables, with a name and a value. Fields can also be named functions, these fields are called "methods". Fields are usually private, i.e. not visible outside the object. Instead private data is changed by using an "interface", i.e. a bunch of methods. Suppose there is a bank account; this bank account has a current balance, but it also has a "history" of things that were done. However these fields are private. Rather there are methods like "deposit()" and "withdraw()" and "checkBalance()". Most applications (and other objects) only change this object through this interface.  Banks usually impose a "credit limit". Suppose, there are 1000 dollars on the account. If the client does not have a special agreement with the bank, he cannot take out more money than there is on the account; so he can withdraw() a maximum of 1000 dollars. He might have an agreement with the bank, so he can borrow money from the bank (but has to pay a fee). In that case, he might be able to withdraw 1500 dollars (or 2000 dollars). So the withdraw method has to do a lot of checks as described above. The account manager might see the account differently, she might have methods to set the maximum amount that can be taken out of the account, or to set the fee or interest rate that the customer has to pay for the money to be borrowed. As an object is an instance of a class; it has certain things from that class. It can perhaps be compared to other objects of that class. Two apples, one red and bigger, the other green and smaller. On the other hand: It is not that easy to compare different objects. A green apple does not have much in common with a steel wrench.
Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a way for the designer of a computer program to specify what a computer program will do, using the way that people think and not using the way that computers think. People think in terms of classes and objects. For example, fruit is a class, and there are different kinds of fruits such as bananas and pineapples. If a computer program designer were specifying to a computer programmer how to create a computer program to manage the fruits in a supermarket, then he or she would specify the program in terms of classes and objects which is how people think. A computer program called a compiler and/or an interpreter would take the program that the programmer typed in and convert it into a form that a computer can run. Computers really only understand things that are encoded as numbers. Object-Oriented-Design (OOD) uses the power and speed of a computer to allow humans to be more productive in making computer programs, by letting human computer programmers think in terms of how humans think.
Konkan is a part of India. It on the west coast of India. The coastal areas of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka are all part of Konkan region. The word "Konkan" means corner (kona) and piece/part of earth (kana). People in Konkan speak 2 main languages. One is Konkani language. Other is a dialect of Marathi language which is also called Konkani.
Triple J is a radio station from Australia. It is funded and owned by the Australian Government through the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The music played by the station is aimed at youth (usually between 12 and 25 years old) and is usually alternative music. The station started in 1972 as "Double Jay" in Sydney. It can now be heard all around Australia. Triple J (stylised in all lowercase) is a government-funded, national Australian radio station that began broadcasting in 1975 as a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). It aims to appeal to young listeners of alternative music, and plays more Australian content than commercial networks. The station was set up under the Gough Whitlam government, wanting to extend the appeal of the ABC to young Australians. Initially broadcasting as 2JJ or Double Jay from 19 January 1975, it stood apart from commercial stations with its lack of private advertising and its programming of mainly local music often censored or banned elsewhere. Following a transition to FM in 1981, the station rebranded as 2JJJ or Triple J as it expanded regionally through the 1990s. From 2014, the spin-off digital radio station Double J was launched to appeal to more contemporary audiences. Triple J used to dominate national ratings in the 25–39 demographic, but since 2015 has been losing its audience due to the rise of streaming media.
Radovan Karadžić born 19 June 1945 in Petnjica, Montenegro, Yugoslavia was a Bosnia and Herzegovinian politician. He was in charge of part of the Bosnian Genocide. From 1995 to 2008, he was a fugitive. He was arrested on 21 July 2008 in Serbia. In 2016, he was convicted of war crimes. Early life. Karadžić was the child of Vuko and Jovanka Karadžić. His father, Vuko (1912–1987), was a shoemaker. His mother, Jovanka (1922–2005), was a peasant girl from northern Montenegro. Her maiden name was Jovanka Jakić. She married Vuko in 1943, at age twenty. Karadžić's father was in prison for most of his son's childhood. During World War II, Yugoslavia had been taken over by Nazi Germany and the other Axis countries. Karadžić's father had been a member of the Chetniks. This was an army that supported Yugoslavia's original government. Because he was in this army, he was put in prison after the war. Education. Karadžić moved to Sarajevo in 1960 to study psychiatry at the Sarajevo University School of Medicine. In 1970, he studied anxiety and depression at Næstved Hospital in Denmark. From 1974 to 1975, he got more medical training at Columbia University in New York City. After he returned to Yugoslavia, Karadžić worked in the Koševo Hospital (the main hospital in Sarajevo). He was also a poet. Another Serbian writer encouraged him to go into politics. Prison for fraud. While he was working in the Koševo Hospital, Karadžić made extra money in illegal ways. For example, healthcare workers who wanted to retire early would pay him to say they were disabled. Karadžić would also lie for prisoners who wanted to avoid punishment by saying they were insane when they committed their crimes. In 1983, Karadžić started working at a hospital in
A Common Language Specification (CLS) is a document that says how computer programs can be turned into Common Intermediate Language (CIL) code. When several languages use the same bytecode, different parts of a program can be written in different languages. Microsoft uses a Common Language Specification for their .NET Framework. To fully interact with other objects regardless of the language they were used in, objects must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the languages they must exchange information with. It was always a dream of Microsoft to unite all different languages under one umbrella and CLS is one step towards that. Microsoft has defined CLS which are nothing but guidelines for languages to follow so that it can communicate with other .NET languages in a seamless manner. Most of the members defined by types in the .NET Framework class library are able to work with CLS. However, some types in the class library have one or more members that are not able to work with CLS. These members allow support for language features that are not in the CLS. The CLS was designed to be large enough to include the language constructs that are commonly needed by developers, yet small enough that most languages are able to support it. Any language construct that makes it impossible to quickly confirm the type safety of code was excluded from the CLS so that all languages that can work with CLS can produce verifiable code if they choose to do so.
Constantine "Cus" D'Amato (January 17, 1908 – November 4, 1985) was an American boxing trainer. He trained two of boxing heavyweight champions, Mike Tyson and Floyd Patterson. He once said, "The hero and the coward both feel the same thing, but the hero uses his fear, projects it onto his opponent, while the coward runs. It's the same thing, fear, but it's what you do with it that matters."  Early Life. Cus D'Amato was born in 1908 in Bronx, New York to an Italian family of immigrants. He was one of eight brothers. In his childhood he wanted to become a boxer like his big brother Jerry. However, at 12 years old he took part in a fight and became blind in one eye. Career. D'Amato's love for boxing was so strong that the sport became a very important part of his life. He trained three champions although he never boxed himself. Death. He died in 1985 (age 77) after an inflammation of the lungs.
Willi Auerswald (1894–1956) was a member of the German SS in the rank of a SS-Oberscharführer. Auerswald belonged to the guards of the Mauthausen Concentration camp. Between spring 1942 and November 1944 he was one of the leaders of the subcamp Steyr-Münichholz. Auerswald was feared by the prisoners due to his brutality. Executions and brutal punishments made him one of the most terrible guards at Mauthausen.  After the end of World War II Auerswald was charged by an US-military tribunal in Dachau. The trial document lists a case where a Russian prisoner, begging for his life, was pushed by Auerswald into a fence secured by high voltage. He died immediately. The documentation also mentioned that 300 healthy prisoners were brought from Mauthausen to the sub-camp St. Aegyd. More than 50% died within the next few weeks or became severely sick so that they were brought back to Mauthausen where they died. Auerswald was the head of the St. Aegyd sub-camp at that time. Auerswald was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. Later it was changed to life imprisonment.
Baylor University is a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas, United States. There are about 13,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1845.  Sports. Baylor University's men athletics teams are called the Bears and the women's athletic teams are called the Lady Bears. Baylor has 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle of Second World War in Europe. The Battle took place in Berlin from 16 April to 3 May 1945. During the battle the Red Army, along with Polish forces, captured the city of Berlin, Germany. When they captured the Reichstag, Adolf Hitler committed suicide with his new wife by shooting himself in the head and her taking a cyanide pill. Background. On 12 January 1945 the Soviet and Polish forces began attacking Berlin. In the end of that attack, their forces stood on the Oder River, 60 kilometres east of Berlin. In 1945 the Wehrmacht had few good fighters or good weapons compared to 1944. Despite his advisors' opinion, Hitler decided to stay in the city. He heard about the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on the radio and he hoped the city would be saved. The Battle of Seelow Heights. The battle on the city began in the Seelow Heights. The Seelow Heights are 17 kilometers west of the Oder and 45 kilometres east of Berlin. They were well defended by the "Wehrmacht". On 16 April, the Red Army and Polish Army attacked Seelow Heights. Almost 1,000,000 attackers with 20,000 artillery pieces were fighting against 100,000 Germans with 1,200 tanks. Despite this, the German defenders managed to hold the heights for four days. On 20 April, Hitler's birthday, the allies began to bombard the centre of the city with rockets and artillery. They did not stop until the city surrendered. On 22 April, Hitler, when he knew the Germans plans had failed, cried in anger. He knew the war was as good as lost. One of his generals, Alfred Jodl, thought it would be possible to form a linkup between the army in Berlin, and the 12th Army commanded by Walther Wenck that were fighting the U.S. Army. Hitler agreed to this idea, but those troops could not get to the city. Fall of Berlin. Hitler remained in his Führerbunker until his death. He knew that escape was nearly impossible. His soldiers knew
The University of Texas at San Antonio, also known as UTSA (especially when talking about sports), is a public university in San Antonio, Texas, United States. It has about 28,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1969. UTSA's sports teams, known as Roadrunners, joined the American Athletic Conference in 2023.
Microsoft Office 2007 (codenamed Office 12) is an office suite for Windows. It was developed and published by Microsoft. It was officially revealed on March 9, 2006 with Service Pack 1 Beta. Later it was released to manufacturing on November 3, 2006 and retail on January 30, 2007 (after retail in November 30, 2006), the same day as the release of Windows Vista. Interfaces. Office 2007 has introduced a new graphical user interface called the "Fluent User Interface", but not successor like Microsoft Office 2010 in Office menu instead of menu bars and toolbars. Office 2007 is incompatible with Windows 2000 but not support them. Office 2007 is compatible with Windows XP SP2 or later, Windows Server 2003 SP1 or later, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 10.  End of support. Mainstream support of Office 2007 ended on October 9, 2012. Extended support ended on October 10, 2017. In August 27, 2021, Microsoft announced that Outlook 2007 and Outlook 2010 will be cut off in Microsoft Exchange Server. Security Update 1 of Office 2007 has ended until April 10, 2013. History. In September 2006, Microsoft announced that they will release Office 2007 Beta 1 and Office 2007 Beta 2 in late September, but undate, it was revealed on November 9, 2006. In November 14, Office 2007 Beta 2 has release Service Pack 1 launch on Windows Vista RTM. Office 2007 has release of volume licensing on November 30, 2006 and later retail on January 30, 2007, the same day as release general availability of Windows Vista.  Service Pack 1. Microsoft Office 2007 Service Pack 1 was release on December 11, 2007.
The NHL All-Star Teams were first named at the end of the 1930–31 NHL season, to honor the best performers over the season at each position. Members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote for the All-Star Team at the end of the regular season. Teams. 1930s. First All-Star Team Aurèle Joliat • Howie Morenz • Bill Cook Eddie Shore • King Clancy Charlie Gardiner Coach: Lester Patrick Second All-Star Team Bun Cook • Frank Boucher • Dit Clapper Sylvio Mantha • Ching Johnson Tiny Thompson Coach: Dick Irvin  First All-Star Team Busher Jackson • Howie Morenz • Bill Cook Eddie Shore • Ching Johnson Charlie Gardiner Coach: Lester Patrick Second All-Star Team Aurèle Joliat • Hooley Smith • Charlie Conacher Sylvio Mantha • King Clancy Roy Worters Coach: Dick Irvin  First All-Star Team Baldy Northcott • Frank Boucher • Bill Cook Eddie Shore • Ching Johnson John Roach Coach: Lester Patrick Second All-Star Team Busher Jackson • Howie Morenz • Charlie Conacher King Clancy • Lionel Conacher Charlie Gardiner Coach: Dick Irvin  First All-Star Team Busher Jackson • Frank Boucher • Charlie Conacher King Clancy • Lionel Conacher Charlie Gardiner Coach: Lester Patrick Second All-Star Team Aurèle Joliat • Joe Primeau • Bill Cook Eddie Shore • Ching Johnson Roy Worters Coach: Dick Irvin  First All-Star Team Busher Jackson • Frank Boucher • Charlie Conacher Eddie Shore • Earl Seibert Lorne Chabot Coach: Lester Patrick Second All-Star Team Aurèle Joliat • Cooney Weiland • Dit Clapper Cy Wentworth • Art Coulter Tiny Thompson Coach: Dick Irvin  First All-Star Team Sweeney Schriner • Hooley Smith • Charlie Conacher Eddie Shore • Babe Siebert Tiny Thompson Coach: Lester Patrick Second All-Star Team Paul Thompson • Bill Thoms • Cecil Dillon Earl Seibert • Ebbie Goodfellow Wilf Cude Coach: Tommy Gorman  First All-Star Team Busher Jackson • Marty Barry • Larry Aurie Babe Siebert •
The National Hockey League Players' Association (; AJLNH) or NHLPA is a labour union that represents the interests of the hockey players in the National Hockey League of North America. Organization. While the management of daily operations is the responsibility of the NHLPA Executive Director Paul Kelly, the ultimate control over all NHLPA activities resides with the players, who each year elect representatives in order to form an Executive Board. Executive Board Members. "*Player no longer signed with club." &lt;br&gt; "‡Player has retired."
Johann Altfuldisch (November 11, 1911 at Brückenau, Bavaria – May 28, 1947 at Landsberg am Lech) was a member of the Nazi Party and the Waffen-SS during World War II. As a a guard at the concentration camp Mauthausen, Altfuldisch participated in the Holocaust. He had the second highest rank at Mauthausen. After the end of World War II Altfuldisch was charged by a military court for killing innocent people, especially members of certain ethnic groups and prisoners of war. He was found guilty and hanged on May 28, 1947.
The Alpaca ("Vicugna pacos") is one of the four species of South American camelid, and they are domesticated. It resembles a small llama in superficial appearance. Alpacas are bred for their fiber while Llamas are used to carry burdens. Diet. They usually eat hay or grasses, but they actually try to chew most things, even an empty bottle. However, there are many plants that are poisonous to an Alpaca. Reproduction. The Alpaca takes about 355 days until the babies are born (11-12 months). They may live up to 20 years (up to 25 years in a zoo). They are as much as 3 or 4 times the opportunity to be mowed fiber in their life. There they live together with Sheep and pygmy goats.  They were selectively bred for household goods like clothes, because they have such good wool. Since the wool made from alpaca is very warm, the wool is popular in the world. Domestication. About 5,000 to 6,000 years ago the natives began the domestication of the vicuna into the present day alpaca as a fiber producing animal. Alpaca are also commonly used as herd guardians. Two or more guardians are sent to live in a paddock of sheep, goats or chickens, where it is their job to chase away foxes and other predators. Types. There are two main types of alpacas, the huacaya and the suri (sometimes spelled suriya depending on where you are). The main difference between the two is price and appearance. Huacayas are more common which makes them cheaper to buy. They are also easier to take care of because their coats require less maintenance. Suris are more expensive due to their rarity and the fact that their wool can be sold for more because it is more luxurious and thicker. Their coats require more daily maintenance.  Commercial Use. There are many commercial uses for Alpaca fiber. Primarily, it is used for clothing. It can be used as either baby alpaca, which is the first shear of an alpaca, or plain alpaca, which comes from subsequent shears. The fabric has very specific care criteria and must be hand-washed in cold water and left to dry naturally away from heat.
The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptists named after Menno Simons (1496–1561). His teachings were a relatively minor influence on the group, though. They are of the historic "peace churches". Mennonites are committed to nonviolence, nonviolent resistance/reconciliation, and pacifism. There are about 1.5 million Mennonites worldwide as of 2006. There are many different types of mennonite communities in the world. There are those that dress in old-fashioned ways, and others which are hard to tell apart from other people leading a modern lifestyle. Most Mennonites are in the United States and Democratic Republic of Congo, but Mennonites can also be found in tight-knit communities in at least 51 countries on six continents or scattered amongst the populace of those countries. Mennonites have an international distinction among Christian denominations in disaster relief. They also place a strong theological emphasis on voluntary service. Mennonite Disaster Service, based in North America, provides both immediate and long-term responses to hurricanes, floods, and other disasters. Mennonite Central Committee provides disaster relief around the world alongside their long-term international development programs. Other programs offer a variety of relief efforts and services throughout the world. In the last few decades some Mennonite groups have also become more actively involved with peace and social justice issues, helping to found Christian Peacemaker Teams and Mennonite Conciliation Service.
Anabaptists are Protestant Christians. The word anabaptism comes from the Greek language, meaning "to baptize again". The followers of these movements hold that people should be baptized after they are believers, denying infant baptism. This is called believer's baptism. Infants, by their doctrine, can not be validly baptized, as they cannot decide how they want to achieve salvation.  They arose as part of the Radical wing of the Reformation of 16th century Europe. The best-known Anabaptists today are the Mennonites, the Amish, and the Hutterites.