ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
S-comma (majuscule: Ș, minuscule: ș) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the sound , the voiceless postalveolar fricative (like "sh" in "shoe"). History. The letter was proposed in the "Buda Lexicon", a book published in 1825, which included two texts by Petru Maior, "Orthographia romana sive latino-valachica una cum clavi" and "Dialogu pentru inceputul linbei române", introducing ș for and ț for . Unicode support. S-comma was not initially supported in early Unicode versions, nor in the predecessors like ISO/IEC 8859-2 and Windows-1250. Instead, Ş (S-cedilla), a character available since Unicode 1.1.0 (1993), was used for digital texts written in Romanian. In some contexts, like with low-resolution screens and printouts, the visual distinction between "ș" and "ş" is minimal. In 1999, at the request of the , S-comma was introduced in Unicode 3.0. Nevertheless, encoding for the S-comma was not supported in retail versions of Microsoft Windows XP, but a later European Union Expansion Font Update provided the feature. While digital accessibility to S-comma has since improved, both characters continue to be used interchangeably in various contexts like publishing. The letter is part of Unicode's Latin Extended-B range, under "Additions for Romanian", titled as "Latin capital letter S with comma below" (U+0218) and "Latin small letter s with comma below" (U+0219). In HTML, these can be encoded by codice_1 and codice_2, respectively.
The Face in the Sky is a 1933 American romantic comedy movie directed by Harry Lachman and starring Spencer Tracy, Marian Nixon, Stuart Erwin, Sam Hardy, Sarah Padden, Guy Usher. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Plot. The film is about two sign painters (Spencer Tracy and Stuart Erwin) who find themselves blackmailed by a beautiful woman (Marian Nixon) determined to force Tracy's character into marriage. The film was directed by Harry Lachman and released by Fox Film.
Jang Song-thaek was a North Korean politician and general. Jang was the uncle of the Supreme Leader of North Korea Kim Jong-un through his marriage to Kim Jong-il's sister. During the final years of Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il's life, Jang Song-thaek was believed to be the "de facto" ruler of North Korea until Kim-Jong un became Supreme Leader in 2011. Jong and his wife had a daughter who was born in 1977. She went to study in Paris but refused to return to North Korea and killed herself in 2006. In December 2013, the North Korean government accused Jang Song-thaek of not being loyal to the Supreme Leader, Kim Jong-un (Jong Sang-Thaek's nephew). Jong Sang-thaek was then executed by shooting on the orders of Kim Jong-un.
The CIS national football team was a transitional national team. It was created by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union in 1992. It would represent the Commonwealth of Independent States.  Post-Soviet national federations. National federation members of the CIS association. 1. Kazakhstan was an AFC member from 1994 until 2002, when they joined UEFA.
"Squid Noir" is the first part of the 9th episode of the 11th season of "SpongeBob SquarePants". It was first shown on television on November 10, 2017. The episode is about Squidward's clarinet going missing before playing at an open mic. The episode is shown in black and white. Before the episode was shown on television, fans were able to color the end of the episode. The first time the episode was on television, pictures that fans colored were shown at the end of the episode. Story. Squidward tries to play his clarinet at the Krusty Krab to prepare for playing at an open mic. The customers do not like the music and get him kicked out. Squidward tries to play in many other places, but no one wants to hear him play. He tries to play in his house, but his neighbor Patrick does not want to hear him play.  Before the night of the open mic, Squidward takes a nap. When he wakes up, he can not find his clarinet and thinks it was stolen. He goes to SpongeBob thinking that he took it. SpongeBob shows that he was at his grandmother's house when it happened. Squidward and SpongeBob go to the Krusty Krab and do a search on Mr. Krabs. Krabs says that he was counting his money when it happened and could not have taken the clarinet. Squidward and SpongeBob go to a comic book store to search Bubble Bass. SpongeBob and Bubble Bass fight using action figures. Bubble Bass's action figure breaks at the end of the fight.  Squidward goes back to his house. Patrick finds jelly on where the clarinet last was. Squidward, SpongeBob, and Patrick go to a field and find a jellyfish with Squidward's clarinet. Squidward gets the clarinet back and plays on the open mic that night. Reception. The episode was watched by 1.855 million people when it was first shown on television. John Schwartz of Bubble Blabber liked the black and white look but thought that the episode was "too cliched" (not original). Blake Harper of Fatherly said that the episode is "a hilarious tribute" to the noir genre.
A post office box or PO box is a rentable, lockable box that is located at a post office, registered under a unique address that is used to receive mail. Only post office workers and the person or organization renting the box from the post office can get into the PO box.
There are four laws of thermodynamics. They talk about temperature, heat, work, and entropy. They are used in thermodynamics and other sciences, for example chemistry. Thermodynamics has three main laws: the first law, the second law, and the third law. Then there was another law, called the "zeroth law." The law of conservation of mass is also an important idea in thermodynamics, but it is not called law. Laws of Thermodynamics is an integral part of Chemistry, which not only explain the surrounding but also the infinite Universe which governs by the laws of chemistry and others. Zeroth law. The "zeroth law of thermodynamics" says temperature is an empirical parameter in thermodynamic systems. It states the transitive relationship between the temperatures of multiple bodies in thermal equilibrium. The law says: If two systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. First law. The "first law of thermodynamics" is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems. The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed. It can also be stated in the following form:The energy gained (or lost) by a system is equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings. Second law. The "second law of thermodynamics" says that some things can't be undone after they are done. This indicates that entropy is real. It states that, in an isolated system, entropy can increase but cannot decrease. It can be stated as follows:Natural processes tend to go only one way, toward less usable energy and more disorder.  Third law. The third law of thermodynamics "can be stated as:"A system's entropy approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches absolute zero.
Modular exponentiation is about finding the value of the equation c = be mod m. This is the remainder when dividing be by m. It is the inverse function of the discrete logarithm. Because modular exponentiation is easy and fast, and finding the discrete logarithm is difficult, both are used in fields such as public-key cryptography. Right-to-left binary method. When dealing with very large whole numbers, directly finding the result can be very resource intensive. We can make some optimisations to save computation power with principles like exponention by squaring. Let's solve c = be mod m:
Pierre Mercier (2 March 1937 – 13 November 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. Mercier was born in Montmagny, Quebec. He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Bellechasse from 1973 to 1976. Mercier died on 13 November 2020 in Quebec City at the age of 83.
was a Japanese sprinter. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Okano died in Tokyo on 17 November 2020 from problems caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage at the age of 90.
was a Japanese artist of manga. He was known as the Gag Manga King. He won the Shogakukan Manga Award in 1964 for "Osomatsu-kun" and the Bungeishunjū Manga Award in 1971 for "Tensai Bakabon".  In April 2002 he was hospitalized for a subdural hematoma and was in a coma from 2004 until his death. On August 2, 2008, he died of pneumonia at a hospital in Bunkyō, Tokyo.
was a Japanese movie director and screenwriter. He was known for directing and writing the cult-classic "Godzilla vs. Hedorah". He was an executive producer on the Legendary Pictures's American "Godzilla" movies, "Godzilla" (2014) and "" (2019). He was born in Imabari, Japan. Banno died of problems caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage in Kawasaki, Japan on May 7, 2017 at the age of 86.
Uriah Adolphus Ashley Maclean (1 February 1944 – 25 November 2020) was a Panamanian Roman Catholic bishop. Ashley Maclean was born in Panama City. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1979. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Penonomé, Panama, from 1993 to 2015. He then was titular bishop of "Agbia" and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Panama, Panama, from 2015 to 2019. Ashley Maclean died in Panama City on 25 November 2020 at the age of 76.
Dimitar Simeonov Largov (; 10 September 1936 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian football midfielder. He played for Bulgaria in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Septemvri Sofia and Slavia Sofia.  He also competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Largov died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 84.
The Austrian Parliament () is the bicameral federal legislature of the Austrian Republic. It is made up of two chambers: the National Council and the Federal Council.  In specific cases, both houses meet as the Federal Assembly. The legislature meets in the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna.
The Federal Assembly () is the name given to a formal joint session of the two houses of the bicameral Austrian Parliament, the National Council and the Federal Council. It is chaired by the presidents of the two parliamentary chambers. Since 1945, the assembly has only met to swear the elected President of Austria into office.
The Federal Council (, ) is the upper house of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria on federal level.  It is part of a bicameral legislature alongside of the National Council. It can be compared with an upper house or a senate. It is less powerful than the National Council. The "Bundesrat" has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna. The Parliament Building is where the Federal Council meets in the Hofburg.
The BFG is a 1989 British animated movie produced by Cosgrove Hall Films. Based on the 1982 book of the same name by Roald Dahl. It was directed by Brian Cosgrove and written by John Hambley. The movie was first shown on 25 December 1989 on ITV in the UK. The movie was dedicated to animator George Jackson, who had worked on numerous Cosgrove Hall productions prior to his death in 1986. This movie is also the last and posthumous role of Ballard Berkeley (voice of the Head of the Army), who died in 1988.
Daria Nicolodi (19 June 1950 – 26 November 2020) was an Italian actress, producer and screenwriter. She was born in Florence, Italy. Her career began in 1970.  Her best known roles were in "Deep Red" (1975), "Inferno" (1980), "Tenebrae" (1982), "Phenomena" (1985), and "Opera" (1987). From 1974 until 1985, she was in a relationship with Dario Argento. They had two children; including actress Asia Argento. Nicolodi died on 26 November 2020 in Rome at the age of 70.
Hafez Abu Seada (; 1965 – 26 November 2020) was an Egyptian politician and human rights activist. He was Chairman of the Egyptian Organization for Human rights. He was known for his campaigns against torture and police brutality in Egypt. Abu Seada was also member of the National Council for Human Rights. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. Abu Seada died in Cairo on November 26, 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 55.
Parviz Poorhosseini (Persian: پرویز پورحسینی, September 11, 1941 – November 27, 2020) was an Iranian actor. He was best known for his roles in "Bashu, the Little Stranger" (1989), "The Fifth Season" (1997) and "Saint Mary" (1997). Poorhosseini had appeared in more than 35 movies, over 70 TV shows and 60 theater performances.  Poorhosseini died in Tehran on November 27, 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 79.
Aly Zaker (6 November 1944 – 27 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, director and writer. He was the owner of Asiatic Marketing Communications Limited. He was born in Chittagong Division, Bengal Presidency, British India. Zaker was a freedom fighter during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. He was known for starring in the movies "Agami" (1984) and "Nodir Naam Modhumoti" (1996). He also starred in the television series "Bohubrihi" and "Aaj Robibar". Zaker died at a Dhaka hospital on 27 November 2020 from COVID-19, three weeks after his 76th birthday.
Noëlla Rouget (25 December 1919 – 22 November 2020) was a French resistant and teacher. She spoke of her experiences in the 1980s in Switzerland, Haute-Savoie, and Ain. She was born in Saumur, France. Rouget died in Geneva on 22 November 2020 at the age of 100.
Arthur Hervet (11 November 1938 – 23 November 2020) was a French Roman Catholic priest. He was a member of the Assumptionists. He was known for his fight for Romani people. He was born in Bannalec, France. In the mid-1980s, Hervet became chaplain of a Church boat in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine called the "Je Sers". He founded the association La Pierre Blanche which helped the homeless and former prisoners. Hervet died in Lille on 23 November 2020 at the age of 82.
Kamen Tchanev () (27 August 1964 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian operatic tenor. He was born in Sliven, Bulgaria. He won the Jussi Björling International Competition for Tenors in 1994.  Tchanev made recordings for the Bulgarian National Radio, RAI-2, Italy and in 1999 he recorded with Plovdiv Philharmonic Orchestra, Nayden Todorov conducting a CD production for the American label MMO. His career began in 1993. Tchanev died on 26 November 2020 in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria from COVID-19, aged 56.
Celestino Vercelli (10 August 1946 – 26 November 2020) was an Italian professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1971 and 1976 Tour de France. Vercelli died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 74.
Cheng Pei-pei (Chinese: 鄭佩佩; 6 January 1946 – 17 July 2024) was a Chinese actress. Popularly known as "Queen of Swords" and "Queen of Martial Arts Films", Cheng starred in numerous successful wuxia and martial arts films, and is widely considered cinema's first female action hero. During her six-decade career, Cheng starred in over 110 movies and 50 television series. For her portrayal of Jade Fox in "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" (2004), Cheng won a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. Early life. Born in 1946 in Shanghai, China, Cheng moved to Hong Kong in 1962 at the age of 16. In 1963, she began training at Shaw Brothers Studio. Career. Cheng had her first movie role, starring as Liu Qiuzi in the 1964 Taiwanese drama movie "Lovers' Rock".  Cheng was best known for starring in the 1966 Hong Kong wuxia movie "Come Drink with Me", directed by King Hu. It stars Cheng as Golden Swallow, a good swordswoman on a mission to rescue her brother. In 2000, she returned to international acting with her role as Jade Fox in Ang Lee's "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon".  Cheng was the president of the King Hu Foundation before her death. Personal life. Cheng married Yuan Wen-tung in 1970. They had four children, including gymnast Eugenia Yuan. In 1987, Cheng and Yuan divorced. Cheng moved to Southern California in the 1970s to raise her children. She went to business school at the University of California, Irvine. During this time, she also taught Chinese dance.  In 2019, Cheng was diagnosed with corticobasal degeneration. She died from the disease on 17 July 2024 in San Francisco, California at the age of 78.
Tzi Ma (; born June 10, 1962) is a Hong Kong-American actor. He is well known for his roles in television shows, such as "The Man in the High Castle" and "24". He also starred in the movies "Dante's Peak", "Rush Hour", "Rush Hour 3", "Arrival", "The Farewell", and "Tigertail". His family moved to New York City in 1967 due to political problems in Hong Kong.
The common Chinese tree frog or Chinese tree toad ("Hyla chinensis") is a tree frog from China. People have seen it in the middle of China and in parts of Taiwan and Vietnam. It lives between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level. The adult frog is 25 to 33 cm long from nose to rear end. The female frogs are larger than the male frogs. This frog has a wide head. This frog is dark green on the back with a yellow belly and a brown mouth. It has a black stripe near each eye and black spots on its sides. Adult frogs sit in trees, smaller plants, and rice fields, sometimes in groups. Scientists say this frog is related to "Hyla arborea".
The Order of Nine Angles (also called ONA or O9A) is a Satanic group based in the United Kingdom. The group say that the organization was created in the 1960s. The organization became popular in the 1980s, because of its Neo-Nazi beliefs. The ONA believe that human history can be broken up into nine aeons - groups of time each representing a human civilization. They want to create a government based on Satanism, Fascism and Social Darwinism, which is the idea that both people and countries succeed because they are naturally better than other people or countries. (Social Darwinism has been proven to be wrong.) Some parts of the ONA say people should rape women and children. According to the BBC, pedophiles have joined the ONA. The government of the United Kingdom says one part of the ONA, the Sonnenkrieg Division, is a terrorist organization. The Sonnenkrieg Division is now illegal in the United Kingdom.
The Australian Shepherd, sometimes referred to as the Aussie Shepherd, is a medium-sized breed of dog developed in the United States, despite its name. It is very similar in its appearance to the English Shepherd and Border Collie, and indeed, studies have shown they are very similar in relation. Like many herding dogs, they show considerable drive and energy, being best at jobs such as search and rescue dogs, disaster dogs, therapy dogs, guide dogs, etc. For these reasons, they have become the 17th most popular dog breed in the United States. Physical trait information. Size. The Australian Shepherd is usually a medium-sized breed. They can weigh from and stand from in height. The Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA) standard says the Australian shepherd must stand between at the shoulders, females being and males measuring ; however, quality is not to be sacrificed in favor of size. Color. The known Aussie colors are solid black, solid red (liver), blue merle, and red/liver merle; and these colors may also have copper (tan) points or white markings in various combinations on the face, chest, and legs. A black or red dog with copper and white trim is called 'tricolor' or 'tri', while a black or red dog with white trim but no copper is called 'bicolor' or 'bi'. White, rather than skin color, on or around the ears is an indicator of increased risk for deafness. Too much white on the face and ears can place an individual dog at greater risk for sunburn and subsequent skin cancer. The wide variety of colors comes from the color allele, which is either black (B) dominant or red (b), and the dominant merle allele (M). Together, these provide four coat-color aspects that can appear in any combination: The merle allele, which produces a mingled or patchwork combination of dark and light areas, is the coat pattern most commonly associated with the breed. This merle (M) is dominant, so heterozygous dogs (Mm) show the pigmentation pattern; however, when two merles are bred, the statistical risk is that 25% of the offspring will end up
The English shepherd or farm collie, is a breed of dog from the United States. Even though it is called English, it is not from England. British settlers brought its ancestors to the New World when the British colonized North America. The UKC Breed Standard for this dog breed, requires: • The head is to be of medium length, and slightly rounded between the ears. The head and neck are carried slightly raised.  • The skull is wide and flat above the eyes, broad between the ears. • Teeth are "strong and regular". • Ears to be wide at the base. • Eyes are dark or medium brown, slightly round. Expresses character "strong and intelligently". • Neck to be well-muscled, and arched. • Shoulders well laid back, shoulder blade and upper arm of equal length. • Legs are straight and muscular, not too short. • Body length is about the same as the height of the withers, (ridge of shoulder blades). Chest is deep, extending down to the elbows. Topline level, ribs well sprung. • Wide and muscular hindquarters, very compact. • Feet are compact and round, arched toes. • Tail moderately long, with the tip reaching to the hock joint. Slight curve, but when dog is at rest should not be held straight up. • Coat glossy, thick and soft. It may be straight, wavy or curly, except for the face and skull. Fully covers body, good furnishing on hind legs. Tail rather plum, undercoat soft and fine.
Roshni Nadar Malhotra (born 1980/1981) is an Indian businesswoman. She is the wealthiest woman in India and the chairperson of HCL Technologies. She is the first woman to a publicly-listed IT company in India. In 2019, Nadar ranked 54th on the Forbes World's 100 Most Powerful Women list.
Hatzegopteryx ("Hațeg basin wing") is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur. It was found in Transylvania, Romania. It is known only from the type species, Hatzegopteryx thambema, named in 2002 based on parts of the skull and humerus. Additional fossils, including a neck vertebra, were included later. The largest of these remains shows that the Hatzegopteryx was one of the biggest pterosaurs, with an estimated wingspan of . It is unusual because it had a very wide skull with large muscular attachments. The bones had a soft internal texture instead of being hollow. it had a short, robust, and heavily muscled neck long. This short neck was about half the length of other azhdarchids. The neck could withstand strong bending forces. "Hatzegopteryx" lived on Hațeg Island, an island in the Cretaceous subtropics within the prehistoric Tethys Sea. It was probably the apex predator of Hațeg Island, tackling larger prey (including dwarf titanosaurs and iguanodontians) than other azhdarchids.