ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Programme music (or "program music" in US English) is music for instruments which describes something or tells a story. It is the opposite of "absolute music" which is not trying to describe anything, just the sound of the piece. Programme music was very popular in the 19th century although some programme music was written earlier. History. Some composers in the Renaissance and Baroque periods wrote music which described battles. Antonio Vivaldi wrote a very famous set of four concertos for violin and strings called "The Four Seasons". Each of the movements describe things happening during the year's seasons, e.g. birds singing in the spring, snowy winter days, etc. At the start of the 1800s, Beethoven wrote a pastoral symphony, Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale", which describes the peaceful life in the countryside. This way of making music describe things became very popular with Romantic composers. Mendelssohn wrote "concert overtures" which had nothing to do with an opera but were simply short pieces of music for orchestra which told a story. "Hebrides Overture", for example, describes the feel of the sea lapping into Fingal's Cave in the Scottish Inner Hebrides. Franz Liszt made programme music very popular in his symphonic poems. Hector Berlioz's "Symphonie Fantastique" describes a story he made up himself about a man who has dreams about a woman he loves. The woman he loves is represented by a tune (melody) which is heard in different ways during the symphony. It is called an "idée fixe" (French for "fixed idea"). This way of linking a theme (tune) with a person led to Wagner's use of leitmotif in his operas in which a tune is linked to a person, event or idea. At the start of the 19th century Richard Strauss wrote several symphonic poems, often using a leitmotif to describe the person it is about. They include "Don Juan", "Don Quixote" and "Ein Heldenleben" ("A hero's life").
An anaerobic organism is any living thing that does not need oxygen for growth.  Microaerophiles are organisms that may use oxygen, but only at low concentrations (low micromolar range); their growth is inhibited by normal oxygen concentrations (approximately 200 micromolar). Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from nanomolar concentrations of oxygen. Obligate anaerobes may use fermentation or anaerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen, facultative anaerobes use aerobic respiration; without oxygen some of them ferment, some use anaerobic respiration. Aerotolerant organisms are strictly fermentative. Microaerophiles carry out aerobic respiration, and some of them can also do anaerobic respiration. Some anaerobic bacteria produce toxins (e.g., tetanus or botulinum toxins) that are highly dangerous to higher organisms, including humans.
Tetanus (or lockjaw) is a disease that leads to muscle contractions that stay that way for some time. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. The main symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium "Clostridium tetani". As the infection goes on, muscle spasms develop in the jaw. This is usually followed by problems with swallowing. The disease leads to muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body. Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis.
Immunization is a way of preventing a person from getting a disease. This is done by making the person's body come into contact with a bit of the disease so that the body learns how to fight it. The body's ability to fight off a disease is called its immune system.  The material is known as an immunogen. Immunization is the same as inoculation and vaccination because inoculation and vaccination use an infecting agent (something that infects) in the same way that immunization does. When the human immune system is exposed to an infection once, it can learn how to cope quickly if it is exposed to it again. By exposing an individual to an immunogen in a controlled way, the body will be able to protect itself from that infection later on in life.
Whipped cream is a dairy food used in many desserts. It is made with heavy cream, a type of cream that contains a large amount of fat. Preparation. To make whipped cream, a person whips or beats the heavy cream with a whisk or an electric mixer until it becomes fluffy and filled with air. For some desserts, icing sugar can be added as a sweetener. Some people also add flavourings to whipped cream, such as vanilla. Serving. Whipped cream is used in many types of desserts. Some desserts, such as apple pie or strawberry shortcake, are often served with whipped cream on top. Whipped cream is also served in milk shakes, Alex's coffee, and on ice cream sundaes. Some desserts have whipped cream inside them, such as cream puffs and eclairs.
A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels.  Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins. A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly. The venom of bees, scorpions, pufferfish, spiders and snakes can contain many different toxins. Many neurotoxins act by affecting voltage-dependent ion channels. A man named Clairvius Narcisse was dead and came back to life again because the locals used neurotoxin on him to bring him back to life. He was buried in Haiti in 1964.
Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups, when the thing that is paralysed cannot move.  Paralysis is most often caused by damage to the nervous system or brain, especially the spinal cord. Major causes are stroke, trauma, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Partial paralysis can also occur in the REM stage of sleep (see:Sleep paralysis). Paralysis often includes loss of feeling in the affected area. Types of paralysis. Hemiplegia. In hemiplegia, one side of the person's body is paralysed. Monoplegia. During monoplegia, only one limb is unable to move. Paraplegia. In paraplegia, both legs are unable to move. The person is paralyzed from the waist down. Quadriplegia. The most extreme form of paralysis. The whole body from the neck down can't move. Locked-in syndrome. Paralysis of the whole body.
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. 20–30% of all genes in genomes code for membrane proteins. They are targets of over 50% of all modern medicinal drugs. Function. Membrane proteins perform a variety of functions vital to the survival of organisms:
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are an American Football team in the National Football League (NFL). They are a part of the Southern Division of the National Football Conference. The Buccaneers are from Tampa, Florida. The team was founded in 1976, and are the champions from Super Bowl XXXVII in 2002. They also won Super Bowl 55 against the Kansas City Chiefs 31-9 with Tom Brady at Quarterback. Their quarterback now is Baker Mayfield. The name "Buccaneer" comes from certain pirates who would raid the western coast of Florida in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Buccaneers play in Raymond James Stadium located in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneer's division rivals include the New Orleans Saints, the Carolina Panthers and the Atlanta Falcons. Their in state rivals include the Miami Dolphins and the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Buccaneers have 5 players in the NFL Hall of fame: Lee Roy Selmon, Warren Sapp, Derrick Brooks, John Lynch &amp; Ronde Barber. They are the first team to play the Super Bowl on their homefield, as Super Bowl LV is hosted in Tampa, after defeating the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship game. Tampa played the Kansas City Chiefs in the Super Bowl. They won the game 31-9 against the Kansas City Chiefs.
An obelus (plural, obeli) is a symbol of a line with dots above and below, formula_1, and is used to represent the division operation in mathematics. Because of that, this symbol is also known as a division sign.  The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick, spit, or pointed pillar. This is the same root as that of the word "obelisk". The obelus was first used as a symbol for division in 1659, in the algebra book "Teutsche Algebra" by Johann Rahn. Today, the obelus is used occasionally, mostly as a standalone symbol for the division operation itself (as on a calculator), or as an operator in elementary arithmetic. In most cases, division is now represented using other ways, often by a forward slash (/), also known as "solidus".
A vinculum is a horizontal line put over a mathematical expression. It shows that it belongs together as a group. ("Vinculum" is Latin for "chain".) Examples are: 1. groups of digits repeating forever, for example, formula_1 2. fractions formula_2 3. radicals (in the following example the quantity formula_3 is the radicand, and thus has a vinculum over it): formula_4
The colon (":") is a punctuation mark, simply consisting of two equally sized and vertically aligned dots. Punctuation. Use in prose. A colon is a more significant pause than a semicolon. It is usually used to contrast two parts of a sentence: "A": the first letter in the Latin alphabet "Hypernym of a word": a word having a wider meaning than the given one; e.g. "vehicle" is a hypernym of "car" Taxes: the inevitable payment to the Government every adult working a job must do John 3:14–16 (or John iii:14–16) (cf. chapters and verses of the Bible) The Qur'an, Sura 5:18 The concert finished at 23:45. This file was last modified today at 11:15:05. "Star Wars " History. The colon's first appearance in English text is marked by the "Shorter Oxford English Dictionary" as 1589. Diacritical usage. A special double-triangle colon symbol is used in IPA to indicate that the preceding sound is long. Its form is that of two triangles, each a bit larger than a point of a standard colon, pointing toward each other. It is available in Unicode as modifier letter triangular colon, Unicode U+02D0 (). A regular colon is often used as a fallback when this character is not available, or in the practical orthography of some languages (particularly in Mexico), which have a phonemic long/short distinction in vowels. Mathematics. The colon is also used in mathematics, cartography, model building and other fields to denote a ratio or a scale, as in 3:1 (pronounced "three to one"). A betting odd of the form formula_1 corresponds to the probability formula_2. Unicode provides a distinct ratio character, Unicode U+2236 () for mathematical usage. In many non-English-speaking countries, the colon is used as a division sign: "a divided by b" is written as a : b. The combination with an equal sign, formula_3, is used for definitions. Computing. In computing, the colon character is represented by ASCII code 58, and is
Tomorrow Never Knows is a song from The Beatles's "Revolver" album, from 1966. John Lennon wrote the song based on his readings of "The Psychedelic Experience", which adapted the "Tibetan Book of the Dead" for use as an LSD "user's manual", intending to give users a kind of religious experience. The song's title came from his bandmate Ringo Starr, who was known for his but insightful comments about life. Lennon wanted the sound of monks , to complement the Beatles' recording of the song. It was not possible to do this, but Lennon's voice was played through a special speaker (called a Leslie speaker), to give it a sound, like a voice calling from a hilltop. Other sounds on the record came from tape loops, playing over and over, and from a sitar. The song has also been recorded by other artists. A dance cover version appeared in the 1990s.
Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American movie based on Margaret Mitchell's book of the same name. It premiered in Atlanta, Georgia. It stars Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Leslie Howard and Olivia de Havilland. The movie tells the story of the American Civil War as it was seen by a young southern woman named Scarlett O'Hara. The movie was very popular at the time. Considering inflation, it is the highest-grossing movie yet made. The movie has been criticized for inaccurately showing slavery and the South. The movie changed how African Americans appeared on the screen. "Gone with the Wind" is considered one of the greatest movies of all time. Plot. It is the year 1861 just before the American Civil War. Scarlett O'Hara lives with her parents, two sisters, and slaves at a plantation in Georgia. The plantation is called Tara. Scarlett is in love with Ashley Wilkes, but he will be marrying Melanie Hamilton. At a party at Ashley's plantation, Twelve Oaks, one guest Rhett Butler admires Scarlett. Scarlett is more interested in Ashley. News of the start of the Civil War interrupts the party. Men go racing about to enlist in the war. Scarlett marries Melanie's younger brother Charles. She does this to make Ashley jealous. Charles dies in the war, and Scarlett goes to Atlanta. There she appears at a charity bazaar in black mourning clothing and dances with Rhett.  The Confederates lose at the Battle of Gettysburg. Union troops start entering the city of Atlanta. At the same time, Scarlett helps Melanie give birth to a child. They and Rhett flee the city. Rhett returns to the fighting. Scarlett, Melanie and Prissy return to Tara. The place is a wasteland. The slaves, Mammy and Pork, her father, and two sisters are there. Scarlett promises to make sure her family survives.  Scarlett and her sisters work in the field. Their father dies trying to chase away a carpetbagger. The Confederates lose the war and Ashley returns. Scarlett wants to run away with him. He kisses her, but he says he cannot leave Melanie. Scarlett tricks Suellen's fian
Anthony Carelli (born March 14, 1974) is a Canadian professional wrestler and judoka. He currently works for TNA Wrestling as an authority figure. He appears under the ring name Santino Marella. He became famous in WWE, where he was a two-time Intercontinental Champion, one-time United States Champion, and one-time Tag Team Champion with Vladimir Kozlov. He played an Italian character. Outside of wrestling, Carelli owns his own judo dojo and is the official ambassador of Judo Canada. Career. Carelli was signed by World Wrestling Entertainment in 2005 for Ohio Valley Wrestling, WWE's farm territory. He made his WWE debut on the April 16, 2007 edition of WWE Raw in Milan, Italy under the name of Santino Marella (as a tribute to Robert "Gorilla Monsoon" Marella). As an Italian fan selected by Mr. McMahon, he won the Intercontinental Championship from Umaga with the help of Bobby Lashley. With this, Marella became one of a few superstars to win a title in their first main roster match. He was also involved in a storyline where he worked as Santina Marella, Santino's twin sister, who would become "Miss WrestleMania" at WrestleMania XXV. On July 6, 2014, at a live event in Toronto, Ontario, Marella announced his retirement because of a third major injury to his neck. On May 6, 2016, Carelli was released from WWE because of an injury. He returned to wrestling in 2017. Personal life. Carelli and his former wife Petrina have a daughter, Bianca Carelli, who won the Miss Teen Ontario-World pageant in 2013. Carelli married bikini fitness competitor Anna Babij, in November 2015. His daughter Bianca wrestled for the NWA and is currently signed to WWE, where she performs on the NXT brand under the ring name "Arianna Grace".
Fresco is a way of painting pictures. A "fresco" is a kind of mural, a painting that is done on a wall. A wall painting is sometimes called a "fresco" by mistake. A true "fresco" is painted onto plaster that is fresh. The plaster has been laid on the wall that day and is still damp. Frescoes last a long time because the paint mixes into the plaster. The word "fresco" comes from the Italian for "fresh".  History of frescoes. Ancient. Not all wall paintings are frescoes. In Ancient Egypt, for example, many of the wall paintings were done on dry plaster and are not true frescoes.  The Royal Palace at Knossos in Crete, c. 1500 BC, had many frescoes. The scene of athletes dancing with a bull is the most famous.  Many Ancient Roman wall paintings can be seen at Pompeii from the 1st century AD, but these are not true frescoes.  The Sigiriya Frescoes painted in Sigiriya in Sri Lanka around 485 AD use the "fresco lustro" technique which varies slightly from the pure fresco technique in that it also contains a mild binding agent. This gives the frescoes added durability as they have survived exposed for nearly 1500 years.  Medieval. There are many frescoes dating from the late Middle Ages, about 1000-1400 AD when, it was the fashion to paint the inside of churches with people and stories from the Bible. The order of the pictures was carefully planned by the artists and priests. Above the altar is usually seen a picture of Jesus Christ. On the west wall is often a frightening picture of The Last Judgement to remind people to turn to Jesus. Many frescoes like this can be seen in Greece, Spain, Portugal, Serbia, Armenia, Romania and Russia. There are a few in Germany, France and Italy. Renaissance. In Italy, around 1300 AD, the artist Giotto painted frescoes that were so full of life that people were amazed. Each picture was like looking onto a stage where real people told the story.
The Count of Monte Cristo is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, père. The story is about revenge and forgiveness. The main character of the book, Edmond Dantès, is wrongly sent to prison. There, he meets an old priest named Faria, who tells Dantès of a treasure. He escapes and finds the large treasure. He uses it to carry out a plan of revenge on the three people who sent him to prison. The novel was well received by critics and readers. It has been adapted to many stage plays and movies. The novel was first published in the "Journal des Débats" in 18 parts from August 28, 1844 to January 15, 1846. It was first published in Paris by Pétion in 18 volumes (1844-5). It was published in English in 1846 by Chapman and Hall. It has been translated many times since 1846, and into many languages. Dumas wrote a set of three plays that told the story of "The Count of Monte Cristo": "Monte Cristo" (1848), "Le Counte de Morcerf" (1851), and "Villefort" (1851). The book inspired the plot for other novels, including Lew Wallace's "" (1880).
The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German ; "Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", abbreviated NSDAP), also known as the Nazi Party, was a far-right German political party. It was started in 1920 from the German Workers' Party (German: "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", "DAP"), which would later be renamed the NSDAP. On the day it was created, the party published its 25-point manifesto (book of ideas). The items in this list of ideas included getting rid of the Treaty of Versailles; gaining more land for the German people; taking away any income people had not earned by working; taking away Jewish people's citizenship; changing the education system; and setting up a strong central government. It is most known for being Hitler's political party.  From 1920 until 1923, Hitler the Nazi became to most popular in Bavaria since the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 . In June 1934 the Nazi Party started Night of the Long Knives to kill SA leader Ernst Röhm and German Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher . History. In 1919, Adolf Hitler joined the German Workers Party. In 1920 the party changed its name, and Hitler took control in 1921.  In 1923, the Nazi Party tried to start a coup d'état in Munich to take over Germany, but failed. This battle was called the Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for treason. However, he was let out of prison after nine months. Other people who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch were given the death penalty or 5-6 years imprisoned. The government also made the NSDAP illegal in Germany. While he was in prison, Adolf Hitler wrote most of "Mein Kampf" ('My Struggle'). In this book, he wrote down his political ideas and his future plans for Germany. In 1924, Hitler was let out of prison early. He restarted the NSDAP. He wanted to gain power legally, through elections. At this time, the NSDAP was only one of a few extreme right-wing, nationalist political
Carl Nielsen (born in Sortelung, near Nørre Lyndelse on Funen, June 9, 1865; died in Copenhagen, October 3, 1931) was a Danish composer. He is the most famous composer from Denmark and one of the most important composers of symphonies from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Life. Carl Nielsen was the seventh in a family of twelve children. His father’s name was Niels Jørgensen. It was Danish tradition for a child to get his father’s given name as part of his name, so Carl became Carl Nielsen (“son of Niels”). The family was very poor and Carl had to help in the home. During the school holidays he looked after the geese. His father, who was a simple painter, played the violin and cornet in the village band. Carl soon learned to play the violin and joined in with his father’s band. He listened to music by Haydn and Mozart and became very interested in general knowledge. All his life he tried to learn new languages and was interested in literature, art and philosophy. He loved animals and the nature around him. When he was 14, he had a job in the military orchestra in the nearby town of Odense. He played the horn and trombone. In 1884 some rich people in Odense paid for him to go to the Conservatory in Copenhagen. He studied music there and did quite well, but there was nothing yet to show that he would be a brilliant composer. He got a job as violinist in the Royal Chapel, a good orchestra which was conducted by Johan Svendsen. He got to know the music of Wagner, and he went to Germany to study it. Later he was not so keen on Wagner’s music, and he was not much influenced by it. In 1891, he married Anne Marie Brodersen who was a sculptress. They travelled together to Italy where they saw lots of great art. When they returned to Denmark Nielsen started composing some of the music that was to make him famous. In 1901 the Danish government paid him money every year so that he did not have to teach