ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
ZoneAlarm is a software firewall originally developed by Zone Labs, which was acquired in March 2004 by Check Point. It includes an inbound intrusion detection system, as well as the ability to control which programs can create outbound connections—the latter not available in the Windows XP Service Pack 2 firewall. , the newest release is ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite 2009. ZoneAlarm was formerly known as Zone Labs, the usage of which is declining. Features. In ZoneAlarm, program access is controlled by way of "zones", into which all computer networking connections are divided. The "trusted zone" generally includes the user's local area network and can share resources such as files and printers, while the "Internet zone" includes everything not in the trusted zone. The user can specify which "permissions" (trusted zone client, trusted zone server, Internet zone client, Internet zone server) to give to a program before it attempts to access the Internet (e.g. before running it for the first time) or, alternatively, ZoneAlarm will ask the user to give the program permission on its first access attempt. True Vector Internet Monitor. "True Vector Internet Monitor", also known as "TrueVector Security Engine", is the core of ZoneAlarm. It is a Windows service which runs as "vsmon.exe" in the processes list. This monitors internet traffic and generates alerts for disallowed access. Operating System Firewall. Operating System Firewall, OSFirewall for short, is a feature in ZoneAlarm paid versions only. This monitors programs and generates alerts when they perform suspicious behaviors. SmartDefense Advisor. SmartDefense Advisor is a service only available in premium versions of ZoneAlarm that helps the user with certain types of alerts. This utilizes a large database of trusted program signatures in order to provide the user with further advice upon requests from the program in regards to allowing or denying access to the Internet. Versions. 64-bit versions of the ZoneAlarm product line will be made available for Windows Vista in the first half of 2009.
Antivirus software helps protect a computer system from computer malware. Viruses, worms or trojan horses can be used by criminals or hackers. They can steal information or damage system files. If no antivirus software is installed, hackers will be able to access the information in the computer. Types. There are many different types of antivirus software. Many antivirus programs can be downloaded for free. These free antiviruses usually have some features missing. The missing features are only available to people who buy the full version. Many free antiviruses have great virus scanning capabilities and can give people suitable internet security protections without the need to buying additional protections. All recent Windows computers come with Windows Defender, which is an antivirus. Features. Antivirus software protects computers in many different ways. Most antiviruses offer more than just "virus" protection. They protect computers from all different kinds of malware, like spyware, rootkits, phishing, and ransomware. Antiviruses are often referred to as "anti-malware" programs. There are several ways that antiviruses protect against malware. The most used way is through a regular scan of all the data and files on a computer's hard disk. In an antivirus scan, the software will look through every file on a computer It compares each computer file's genetic makeup with the genetic makeup of already-known viruses. If a file has the same genetic makeup as a known piece of malware, it will be flagged as a problem. This is known as signature-based detection. It is only effective when a malware file has been previously identified and shared with the community of malware researchers who maintain the malware database. Another typical kind of malware detection is through behavior analysis. This is when the antivirus software identifies an abnormal behavior in a computer file or program. It makes the antivirus to flag that issue and assess whether or not the abnormality has been caused by malware or by something else. Problems with antivirus software. Most tests and experts claim that while antivirus software is extremely useful in preventing some cyber attacks, it is unable to stop all attacks. That is because once a piece of malware has been identified, hackers know that this malware will be added to the list of already-known viruses, and
Maley &amp; Taunton were a tram and tramway engineering company. They were at Wednesfield in Staffordshire, England. Maley &amp; Taunton sent its products all over the world. Its trucks used in the Lisbon trams and in the UK on the Blackpool tramway. The company principals were Alfred Walter Maley and Edmund MacKenzie Taunton. They held patents for Tram and tramway machinery and equipment. Their equipment was used on the Manx Electric Railway.
Alken, as a person, may refer to: Alken, as a place, may refer to:
The name Beloeil or Belœil is the name of two municipalities. It has also been applied to various events and locations linked with these two municipalities. Municipalities. The name has been applied to two municipalities. Despite the similarity, it appears the two names have independent linguistic origins.
is a puzzle video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy video game systems, released in 1990. It is like the game "Tetris". 1 Player Gameplay. The gameplay of 1 player "Dr. Mario" is to make sure vitamins of the same color are lined-up together to defeat viruses. There are three colors of vitamins (red, blue, yellow). The goal is to clear all the capsules without going to the top. The player can pick any default level from 0-20, with a set number of viruses to clear depending what level the player is on. The virus count goes as high as 84, and does not increase after you pass level 20. There are over 40 levels in the game. The player can also set up the skill level and music (Fever, Chill). 2 Player VS Gameplay. The gameplay of 2-Player Vs. is to defeat your opponent by killing all the viruses first, or making your opponent lose. By clearing viruses enough, halves of vitamins fall onto the opponents screen. They must wait until all the vitamins fall down before they make their next move. Reviews. "Dr. Mario" was rated the 134th best game made on a Nintendo System in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list. "Dr. Mario" was also rated by ScrewAttack as the seventh best "Mario" game of all time. Overall, Dr. Mario has scored a press average of 7.6 on GameStats.
A convergent plate boundary is the boundary that occurs when two tectonic plates collide with each other. This causes very large earth movements. Plate collisions can produce earthquakes, volcanoes, the formation of mountains, and other geological events over time. The Himalayas were formed by such a collision. Earthquakes and volcanoes are common near convergent boundaries. This is because of pressure, friction, and plate material melting in the mantle. The diagram shows some differences between the two types of subduction.
Alexandre Guilmant (born Boulogne-sur-Mer, 12 March 1837; died Meudon 29 March 1911) was a French organist and composer. Life. Early life and career. Alexandre Guilmant was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer. His father was an organist and organ builder, and gave young Alexandre lessons. Otherwise Alexandre was largely self-taught. He did study with Belgian teacher Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens, but by that time he was already a very good organist. From the 1860s he travelled widely in Europe, playing organs and becoming famous. Later he also visited the United States. In 1871 he became organist of the Trinité church in Paris. He kept this job until 1901. His teaching. Guilmant became well known in France as a teacher. Together with two other musicians, Charles Bordes and Vincent d’Indy, he started the Schola Cantorum, a private college where students could study music. He taught the organ there. Earlier he had succeeded Charles-Marie Widor as organ teacher at the Paris Conservatoire. His Conservatoire pupils included Joseph Bonnet, Nadia Boulanger and Marcel Dupré. Influence as organist. Guilmant did not just play the organ for church services. He became very famous for giving organ recitals. Often he played on organs which had been constructed by the brilliant organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. He helped to make these organs popular in France, and they were a very important influence on the way that organists composed music for their instrument. Both Guilmant and Widor produced large works for the organ which they called “symphonies”. These usually had at least four movements each, and gave the player opportunities to use many different sound effects. His compositions. Guilmant wrote eight organ symphonies, as well as a symphony for organ and orchestra, and several shorter works for the same combination. He composed a great many miniatures, not just for organ but also for harmonium. This was useful for musicians in smaller churches which had a harmonium instead of a big organ. He wrote a book on how to play the organ, and for many years he edited collections of organ music which had been written by earlier composers. References. The New Grove Dictionary of Music &amp; Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;
The Battle of Gettysburg (locally , with an "ss" sound), was fought July 1–3, 1863. The battle took place in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War. Gettysburg is often called the war's turning point. Union Major General George G. Meade's Army of the Potomac stopped attacks by Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. This ended Lee's second invasion of the North. Lee began to move his men back to Virginia on July 4. Between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers from both armies were casualties in the three-day battle. The Siege of Vicksburg ended on the same day, also a Union victory. That November, a cemetery for those who died there was opened at the Gettysburg National Cemetery. President Abraham Lincoln gave a speech called the Gettysburg Address at the ceremony to open the cemetery and honor the dead soldiers on both sides. Background. Lee's army won an important battle at Chancellorsville in Virginia in May 1863. Afterwards, he led his army north through the Shenandoah Valley. His plan was to start his second invasion of the North (called the Gettysburg Campaign). Lee had several objectives in mind. He intended to take Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state capital. This, he hoped, would embarrass the Lincoln administration and force Northern politicians to give up the war. At this point, Lee was playing politics. He knew that if he was successful in Pennsylvania it would encourage the Northern peace movement. He hoped it would get foreign recognition for the Confederacy. It could also force the Union to negotiate for peace, allowing the Confederate states to become an independent country. Lee badly needed supplies and intended to get them in Pennsylvania. In addition to being the state capital, Harrisburg was also the site of Camp Curtin, the largest training camp for Union soldiers. It was a major railroad center. More importantly it was a major supply depot and also a prisoner of war camp. In the North, Lincoln told Major General Joseph Hooker to
A plutoid or ice dwarf is a dwarf planet that orbits the sun farther than Neptune. This concept was defined by the International Astronomical Union General Assembly on Prague under votes, but without choosing the terminology according to resolution 6A of this general assembly entitled Definition of Pluto-class objects. Its definition is: Therefore, any object that meets the definition of dwarf planet and also belongs to the Trans-Neptunian objects will be considered a plutoid. Eight objects are now classified as plutoids: Pluto, Orcus, Haumea, Makemake, Quaoar, Sedna, Gonggong, and Eris. The satellites of the plutoids are not plutoids, even though they are massive enough to be gravitationally rounded. Ceres is not a plutoid hence it's in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and is the only dwarf planet that is not a plutoid.
The Radcliffe Line became the international border between India and Pakistan (which also included what is now Bangladesh) during the partition of India. The line divided Bengal into Indian held West Bengal and East Bengal which became East Pakistan in 1956. The line was decided by the Border Commissions headed by , who was to divide equitably of territory with 88 million people. The line took effect on 17 August 1947 after the Partition of India. When the partition was implemented, there were some problems:
A planetary nebula is a nebula that is made up of gas and plasma. They are made by certain types of stars later in their life. They look like planets through small optical telescopes. They do not last for long compared to a star, only tens of thousands of years. At the end of a normal-sized star's life, in the red giant phase, the outside layers of a star are ejected. Because the outside is gone, the star shines brightly and is very hot. The ultraviolet radiation given off by the center of the star ionizes the gas and plasma that was thrown out from the star. This is what causes a planetary nebula to look like it does. While some planetary nebulae look similar, others have very distinct and unique shapes. Scientists are not sure why planetary nebulae can look so different from one another. Scientists think that binary stars, stellar winds and magnetic fields might be some of the reasons planetary nebulae can look so varied. In the early 21st century some astronomers began calling them “globular nebulas” to avoid confusing them with the protoplanetary nebulas that make planets. Observations. Planetary nebula are not very bright. None of them are bright enough to see without a telescope. The first one discovered was the Dumbbell nebula.  Astronomers did not know what these objects were until the first spectroscopic experiments were done in the 1800's. William Huggins used a prism to look at galaxies. He noticed that they looked a lot like stars. When he looked at the Cat's Eye nebula, it did not look the same. He saw an emission line at a place that no one had seen before. This meant that it looked like an element that no one had ever seen before. Scientists thought it might be a new element. They decided to call it "nebulium". Later, physicists showed that it is possible for gasses with a very low density to look like something else. It turned out that the gas they were looking at was oxygen, and not nebulium. The stars in planetary nebulae are very hot. They are not very bright, though. This means
An emission nebula is a cloud of plasma emitting light in many colors. The glowing is caused by a star being near the nebula. There are many types of emission nebula. H II regions are caused when stars are forming and are very hot, causing the plasma to heat up. Planetary nebulae are made when where a dying star has thrown off its outer layers. This causes the core of the star to heat up the plasma. General information. A nebula's color depends on what chemicals are in it, and how ionized it is. Because most of the universe is made of hydrogen, many emission nebulae appear red. Hydrogen glows red when it is hot. If the nebula is very hot, other types of gas will be heated and the it might also glow blue and green. By looking at which colors are glowing in a nebula, one can figure out what it is made of. Emission nebulae sometimes look like they have dark areas in them. This is because clouds of dust block the light when it is traveling between the nebula and the Earth.
In astronomy, a reflection nebula is a cloud of dust which reflects the light of a star or many stars. The light from the nearby stars is not hot enough to ionize the gas of the nebula to make an emission nebula. However, is enough to make the dust visible because the light reflects off of the dust.  Reflection nebulae are usually blue because the scattering works better for blue light than red (this is the same reason that the sky is blue and sunsets are red). Reflection nebulae and emission nebulae are usually seen together and sometimes are called 'diffuse nebulae'. A good example of this is the Orion nebula. Reflection nebulae may also be the site of star formation.
Ionization is the physical process of giving or taking away electrons from an atom. That makes the atom into an ion, because ions have electrical charge.  In the process of ionization, an electrically neutral atom becomes either positively or negatively charged. Some substances are easier to ionize than others. This depends on the ionization energy. Ionizing radiation is a common cause, but ionization can also be done by high temperature, radioactive decay, or other causes.
Charles Messier (June 26, 1730 – April 12, 1817) was a French astronomer who is remembered for publishing a list of famous objects in space that came to be called the 103 "Messier objects". Messier's life. Messier was born in Badonviller in the Lorraine region of France. Six of his brothers and sisters died as children and in 1741, his father died. Charles became interested in astronomy after he saw the great six-tailed comet in 1744 and by a solar eclipse on July 25, 1748. In 1751 he started working for Joseph Nicolas Delisle, the astronomer of the French Navy, who told him to write down everything he saw. Messier discovered thirteen comets :
Astronomical spectroscopy is the science of using spectroscopy to figure out what elements astronomical bodies, such as stars, planets and nebulae, are made of. It can also be used to work out how those objects are moving, using doppler shift. The study of spectroscopy and spectra is used in astronomy to help scientists study the whole spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, which radiates from stars and other hot celestial objects. Spectroscopy can be used to find properties of distant stars and galaxies. It can find out their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance, luminosity, and relative motion using doppler effect measurements. Chemical properties of stars. Isaac Newton used a prism to split white light into a spectrum of color, and Fraunhofer's high-quality prisms allowed scientists to see dark lines of an unknown origin. It was not until the 1850s that Gustav Kirchoff and Robert Bunsen explained the dark lines. Hot solid objects produce light with a continuous spectrum, and hot gasses emit light at specific wavelengths. However, hot solid objects surrounded by cooler gasses show a near-continuous spectrum with "dark lines corresponding to the emission lines of the gasses". By comparing the absorption lines of the Sun with emission spectra of known gasses, the chemical composition of stars can be discovered.
Sir William Huggins, KCB, OM, FRS, (7 February 1824–12 May 1910) was an English astronomer best known for his work in astronomical spectroscopy.  Life and work. William Huggins was born at Cornhill, Middlesex in 1824. He married Margaret Lindsay, who was also an astronomer.  Huggins built his own observatory from where he and his wife looked at spectral emission lines and absorption lines of astronomical objects. He was the first person to figure out the difference between nebulae and galaxies.  Huggins was president of the Royal Society between 1900 and 1905.
The emission spectrum of an element or compound is how bright certain frequencies are when energy is added to the atoms or molecules. Each atom's emission spectrum has different spectral lines and can be used to figure out if that atom is part of a compound
Luminosity is the amount of power given off by an astronomical object. Stars and other objects emit energy in the form of radiation. It is measured in joules per second, which are equal to watts. A watt is one unit of power. Just as a light bulb is measured in watts, the Sun can also be measured in watts. The sun gives off . This amount of power is known as 1 sol, the symbol for which is formula_1.  There are other ways to describe luminosity. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is how bright an object looks to an observer on Earth. It only applies to light, that is, visible wavelengths. Apparent magnitude is contrasted with absolute magnitude, which is an object's "intrinsic brightness" at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The apparent magnitude is the less, for objects more than 32.6 light years away. When talking about the total power output across all wavelengths, that is called bolometric magnitude.
Solar mass is a unit of measurement of mass. It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 332,950 times the mass of the Earth, or 1,048 times the mass of Jupiter. Masses of other stars and groups of stars are listed in terms of solar masses. Its mathematical symbol and value are: formula_1 (kg being kilograms)
In astronomy, the interstellar medium (sometimes called the ISM) is the tenuous gas and dust that fills the void between stellar systems in galaxies, that consisting mainly of huge clouds of ionized, neutral, or molecular hydrogen. This gas and dust not distributed uniformly in interstellar space, but displays significant variations in density, temperature, and ionisation state. Various gases exist in outer space. Most common are hydrogen and helium. Interstellar cosmic dust makes nebulae.
Myopia, also called near-sightedness or short-sightedness, is a problem with the focusing ability of the eye. It is when the eye is not able to focus properly on objects in the distance. This condition is very common and it often occurs with many members of the same family. It happens when the lens becomes a different shape (too curved) from usual, or when the eye is longer than normal, so light entering the eye focuses on a point "in front of" the retina, rather than right on it. This makes distant objects look blurry. People with myopia often squint while watching television or trying to see distant objects. Sudden myopia can often be the first symptom of Type II Diabetes.  In most cases, it can be fixed easily using glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
Luster (or lustre) is a description of the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral. For example, a diamond has an adamantine lustre and pyrite has a metallic lustre. The term is also used to describe other items with some kind of sheen (for example, fabric, especially silk and satin, or metals). The word lustre comes from the Latin word lux, meaning "light", and generally implies radiance, gloss, or brilliance.
Carbonation is the process of carbon dioxide dissolving in a liquid. For example, carbon dioxide is added to flavored water under pressure to make it "fizz" as a carbonated water soft drink. Geology. When rain passes through the atmosphere, it takes in or mixes with carbon dioxide, turning it into a weak carbonic acid. When the rain falls on limestone, it dissolves the calcium carbonate in the rock, turning it into calcium bicarbonate and taking it away. Holes and large cracks form in the rock. Such a place is called karst. If a stream or river passes through it, it could be swallowed up by a hole called a swallow hole. It can go through a series of underground caves and may appear on the surface again. An example of a karst area is the Burren National Park, in County Clare, Ireland. Chemistry. Carbon dioxide is weakly soluble in water, therefore it separates into a gas. The process of carbon dioxide bubbling out (effervescing) from a solution is represented by this chemical reaction. This shows aqueous carbonic acid converts to carbon dioxide and water: formula_1 Biochemistry. Carbonation also describes the incorporation of carbon dioxide into chemical compounds. Carbon-based life originates from a carbonation reaction that is most often catalysed by the enzyme RuBisCO. This carbonation process is so important that a significant fraction of leaf mass consists of this carbonating enzyme.