ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A pontoon bridge is a bridge that floats on water. It is a floating bridge with barges or boats ('pontoons') to support the bridge deck.  Pontoon bridges are usually temporary structures, but some are used for long periods. Permanent floating bridges are useful for sheltered (quiet) water-crossings. It may be too expensive to suspend a bridge from anchored piers. Pontoon bridges may need a section that is elevated, or can be raised or removed, to allow ships to pass. Pontoon bridges are often used in wartime as river crossings. They are usually temporary, and are sometimes destroyed after crossing (to keep the enemy from using them), or collapsed and carried (if on a long march). They were used to great advantage in many battles. Pontoon bridges have been in use since ancient times. It is thought that the first London Bridge was a Roman pontoon bridge. Roman legions had men and equipment to build pontoon bridges, and often made them. The first pontoon bridge was made by the Zhou Dynasty.
A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using a . A cantilever is only supported on one end. For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams. For large cantilever bridges, designed for road or rail traffic the cantilevers are trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete. The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when it was first used, because it can span distances of over . They can be more easily built at difficult crossings as they do not need to be supported during the construction. Origins. Engineers in the nineteenth century knew that a bridge built across multiple supports would distribute the loads among them. This meant there would be lower stresses in the girder or truss and meant that longer spans could be built. Several nineteenth century engineers designed continuous bridges with hinge points mid-span. The use of a hinge in the multi-span system meant that engineers could better work out the loads and stresses on the bridge It also meant the bridge could handle the foundations settling at different rates. Heinrich Gerber was one of the engineers to obtain a patent for a hinged girder (1866) and is recognized as the first to build one. The Hassfurt Bridge over the Main river in Germany has a central span of 124 feet (38 meters). Completed in 1867, it was the first modern cantilever bridge. Other early cantilever bridges included the High Bridge of Kentucky by C. Shaler Smith (1877), the Niagara Cantilever Bridge by Charles Conrad Schneider (1883) and the Poughkeepsie Bridge by John Francis O'Rourke and Pomeroy P. Dickinson (1889). The Kentucky River Bridge spanned a gorge that was 275 feet (84 meters) deep. It was built with a cantilever which meant that it did not need to be supported during the building. The most famous early cantilever bridge is the Forth Rail Bridge. This bridge held the record for longest span in the world for 17 years. Benjamin Baker showed how the cantilever system worked in the photo on the left. The
Dallas Dean Clark (born June 12, 1979) is an American former professional football tight end. He played a total of 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Indianapolis Colts, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Baltimore Ravens. He played college football for the University of Iowa. He was drafted 24th overall in the 2003 NFL Draft, and played his entire nine-year professional career for the Colts. He has been called a "hybrid" tight end due to his rare ability to play both the wide receiver and tight end positions well. However, injuries have made his career more difficult. College Career. Clark played college football for the University of Iowa. Clark played for the Hawkeyes from 1999 through 2002. Clark was a first-team All-Big Ten selection, a first-team All-American, a John Mackey Award winner (2002, is given to the best tight end in college football. He won the Kenny Yana Award at the end of the 2002 season as well, as he helped lead Iowa to the Big Ten title and 11-2 record. Professional Career. Indianapolis Colts. Clark was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts of the NFL in the 1st round (24th overall) of the 2003 NFL Draft. In Indianapolis, Clark wore #44. As a rookie, Clark started 10 games and had 340 receiving yards before his season ended with an injury. Clark continued his solid production over the next couple years, and in 2004 had an 80 yard touchdown, which is "extremely" rare for a tight end. In 2006, Clark earned a Super Bowl ring when the Colts beat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI. That season, Clark had 30 catches for 367 yards and four touchdowns. Clark had his best statistical season yet in 2007, with 58 catches, 616 yards, and 11 scores. Clark followed that up with 848 yards and six scores in the 2008 season. 2009 was Clark's best year. He had another 80 yard score, 100 catches, 1,106 yards
Marion Sylvester Barber III (June 10, 1983 – June 1, 2022) was an American football running back in the National Football League. After playing college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers, he was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2007 during his six-year career with the Cowboys. He played for the Chicago Bears in 2011.  College. Barber played college football for Minnesota Golden Gophers. He had 35 rushing touchdowns, one more than his father, Marion Barber Jr. He and Laurence Maroney helped make the Golphers backfield one of the best in the NCAA.  Professional career. Dallas Cowboys. Barber was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the 4th round (109 overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft. Despite his talent, Barber's career has been harmed by injuries. he never rushed for 1,000 yards or over. He was voted to the Pro Bowl in 2007 after 204 rushing yards, 975 yards, and 10 touchdowns. He added 44 catches, 282 yards, and two receiving touchdowns in 2007. Barber was released by Dallas after the 2010 season and was signed by the Chicago Bears. Chicago Bears. Barber was signed by the Chicago Bears as a backup to Matt Forte. His fumble against the Denver Broncos lost the game. In his only season in Chicago, Barber rushed for 442 yards and 6 touchdowns on 114 carries. Retirement. On March 23, 2012, Barber announced his retirement. “I want to thank everyone who gave me the opportunity to play, and I’m very thankful to have had the chance to suit up for two of the NFL’s most storied organizations,” Barber said on the Bears' team website. Personal. Barber was the older brother of Houston Texans safety Dominique Barber and the son of former New York Jets running back Marion Barber, Jr.. Barber was found dead in his Frisco, Texas apartment on June 1, 2022, nine days before his 39th birthday.
The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American psychological horror thriller film. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It stars Haley Joel Osment and Bruce Willis. It is the second highest-grossing horror movie of all time (behind "It").
An Orc is a mythical creature.  In the 20th century, orcs most often refer to the creatures in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth books. Tolkien's orcs are human-shaped creatures, and servitors of evil.  The word can probably be traced to Orcus. This is a different name for Pluto or Hades. Pliny the Elder writes about orcs in his "Naturalis historia". They are long-toothed sea monsters. Ludovico Ariosto (1474-1533)wrote an epic "Orlando Furioso": There, the virgin Angelica is captured by a sea monster called orc. The hero, Rogero, is able to free her as he rode a Hippogriff. The Latin name of the Killer Whale, "Orcinus orca" is }likely to come from that story. There is another creature called "orc" in "Orlando Furioso": a blind man-eating giant who abducts King Norandin of Damascus and his lover Lucina. This orc cannot be vanquished; only fooled by trickery. There is another Orc that lives in the Alps. It is a demon living on mountain tops. It sometimes is described as protector of the forest. At other times it is said to be an evil spirit who brings doom to cattle and wild beasts. From the early Middle Ages, the orc was seen as an evil creature, much like other creatures of Celtic origin.
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Shinojima was born in Nikko on January 21, 1910. In May 1930, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played and scored a goal against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1930. After retirement, Shinojima joined Japan Football Association (JFA). In 1965, he became vice-present of JFA. In 1975, he resigned for health reasons. On February 11, 1975, Shinojima died of heart failure in Minato, Tokyo at the age of 65. In 2006, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. Statistics. !Total||2||1
Azimuntium (Azimus, or Esimontou) was a fortified town in Thracian region near the Illyrian border of the Eastern Roman Empire (present day Greece). The town is described by the Greek historian Priscus of Panium as the being the only one of the 182 forts and castles of Thrace to resist during the Attilan War of 443-446 AD and separately negotiating an exchange of captives with Attila after the peace was declared in 446 AD. The town is thought by Priscus to have still been in existence up the reign of the Emperor Justinian after which it "extirpated by the jealousy of the Roman princes". In Chapter 34 of his book "The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire", Gibbons describes the town as follows:
were areas of traditional local government in Japan before the Meiji period. The function of districts has changed over time, but they continue to exist in contemporary Japan. Districts are not all the same size. They are roughly equivalent to a county in the United Kingdom or the United States. They are smaller than prefectures and larger than towns and villages. History. Districts were established in the 8th century. Until the 10th century, the chief government official of a district ("gun") was called the "gunji". During the Edo period, the head of a district ("gun") was called the "gundai". Between 1878 and 1921, the Meiji period and Taishō period, districts were given specific powers and responsibilities which are now diffused.
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Ichihashi was born in Hyogo Prefecture on June 9, 1909. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates. In May 1930, when Ichihashi was a Keio University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted and scored a goal against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 1 goals for Japan in 1930. Statistics. !Total||2||1
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Saito was born in Osaka Prefecture on September 24, 1908. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. At the club, he won 1929 Emperor's Cup with Yukio Goto, Hideo Sakai and so on. In May 1930, when Saito was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games for Japan in 1930. After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, Saito retired playing career and want to England and studied football at University of Bristol. In 1933, he joined Osaka Mainichi Shimbun and he was engaged in the management and reporting of All Japan High School Soccer Tournament until 1940. After that, he worked at Hino Motors and some affiliates until 1989. He also served as the president at some Hino Motors affiliates. Saito died in 2004. Statistics. !Total||2||0
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Akira Nozawa also played for Japan national team. Biography. Nozawa was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. In May 1930, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games for Japan in 1930. Statistics. !Total||2||0
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. In May 1934, when Kanazawa was a Kyoto Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. On May 15, he also played against Philippines. He played 2 games for Japan in 1934. Statistics. !Total||2||0
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Goto was born in Kobe. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won 1929 and 1930 Emperor's Cup at the club. In May 1930, when Goto was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. In 1934, he was also selected Japan for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, he played 2 games as Japan team captain. He played 4 games for Japan until 1934. Goto died in 1976. Statistics. !Total||4||0
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Masao Nozawa also played for Japan national team. Biography. Nozawa was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. In May 1934, when he was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. He also played against Philippines and Republic of China. He played 3 games and scored 3 goals for Japan in 1934. Statistics. !Total||3||3
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Matsumaru was born in Bunkyo, Tokyo on February 28, 1909. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates. At Keio BRB, he won 1932 and 1936 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Tokyo OB Club and won 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shigemaru Takenokoshi and Shiro Teshima. In May 1934, Matsumaru was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. He also played against Philippines and Republic of China. He played 3 games for Japan in 1934. Matsumaru died on January 6, 1997 at the age of 87. In 2015, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. Statistics. !Total||3||0
In mathematics, a convex function is any function with value of the weighted average of 2 points is less than or equal to the weighted average of the function at those points. Also, a function is convex if and only if its epigraph is a convex set. Examples. Three examples are:
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Oita was born in Tokyo Metropolis on April 9, 1914. In 1936, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. At this competition, on August 4, he debuted against Sweden. Although he was a midfielder, he played as a defender. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" () in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. On August 7, he also played against Italy. He played 2 games for Japan in 1936. After retirement, in 1947, Oita became a manager for new club Sumitomo Metal and managed until 1956. September 11, 1996, Oita died of heart failure in Bunkyo, Tokyo at the age of 82. Statistics. !Total||2||0
A weighted average is the average of values which are scaled by importance. The weighted average equals the sum of weights times values divided by the sum of the weights. Simple case. This collection of four integers is called a multiset because the integer formula_1 appears more than once: formula_2 The straight average (or arithmetic mean) of these four variables is the sum divided by formula_3: formula_4 In the above equation, we used the overline to express the fact that this is the average over four variables. These variables can also be expressed using subscripts: formula_5 You get the same answer by calculating this as a "weighted average" of three variables. But you need to include a weight-value of formula_6 for the integer formula_1: formula_8 Here the hat formula_9 is used to mark weight values, which represent how many times each of the three values formula_10 appear. While it is not common to put hats over numbers in calculations, this formula_11 representation allows us to see how the weights influence the calculation. We can also write the weighted average as: formula_12 In conclusion, we have shown how an "arithmetic mean" over four variables (1, 3, 3, 5) can be understood as a weighted average over only three variables (1, 3, 5). This is accomplished by multiplying the repeated variable formula_1 by the number of times it is repeated (two). Summation notation. To understand how to express this using summation notation, we place a tilde formula_14 over variables that involve the weighted average. First we define: formula_15 Note that the sum of the three weights equals formula_3:  formula_17 The ordinary average (with four terms) equals the weighted average (with three terms): formula_18 Simplify this by replacing formula_19 with the sum over all the weights: padding: 5px; border-width:2px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; background-color: white; text-align: center; display: table"&gt; formula_20  Application to exam scores. Given two school classes, one with 20 students,
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Sueoka was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on February 1, 1917. He played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Sei Fuwa, Sekiji Sasano, Shogo Kamo, Hidetoki Takahashi and so on. He also won the 2nd place at 1939 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he won the 2nd place at 1940 Emperor's Cup. This tournament was the last Emperor's Cup before the war because Emperor's Cup was suspended for World War II from 1941 to 1945. On June 16, 1940, when Sueoka was a Waseda University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Philippines and Japan won the match. This match was the first match since 1936 Summer Olympics and the only match in the 1940s in Japan's "International A Match" due to World War II. Sueoka died in November 1998 at the age of 81. Statistics. !Total||1||0
Kim Sung-Gan (Hangul:김성간, November 17, 1912 – May 19, 1984) was a South Korean athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japan national team in 1940. International career statistics. !Total||1||0
was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Hiroshi Kagawa is a former footballer and football journalist. Biography. Kagawa was born in Kobe on August 9, 1922. After graduating from Kobe University of Economics, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical in 1948. He also played for Osaka SC. At Osaka SC, he won the 2nd place at Emperor's Cup 3 times (1951, 1952 and 1953). In March 1951, Kagawa was selected to the Japan national team for Japan's first game after World War II, at the 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. He also played at the 1954 Asian Games. He played 5 games for Japan until 1954. Kagawa died on March 6, 1990 at the age of 67. In 2006, he was selected to the Japan Football Hall of Fame. Statistics. !Total||5||0
David 'Jack' Coverdale (born 22 September 1951) is an English rock singer. He is most famous for his work with hard rock band Whitesnake. The band was very successful commercially. During his early career Coverdale was the vocalist of Deep Purple for some time. He left the band to become a solo artist, and worked with Whitesnake. He also made an album with Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page. This was also successful. Early life. Coverdale was born on 22 September 1951, in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland, England. His love for music developed early. Around the age of 14, he began performing professionally as he wanted to be a singer. He developed his style of singing then. "I don't think my voice had broken," he explained to "Sounds" in 1974. "And that's when I first learnt how to sing with my stomach, which sounds silly, but it's totally different from a normal voice." Coverdale had been the vocalist local bands like The Government (1968–1972); Fabulosa Brothers (1972–73). Early career. Deep Purple (1973–1976). In 1973, Coverdale saw an article in a copy of "Melody Maker", which said that Deep Purple was auditioning for singers to replace Ian Gillan. Coverdale was the frontman of a local group called The Government. They had played with Deep Purple in 1969. So both he and the band knew one another. Coverdale first sent a tape to the band. Then, he auditioned to become a singer. He was admitted into the band, with bassist Glenn Hughes being another vocalist. In February 1974, Deep Purple released their first album with Coverdale and Hughes called "Burn" which was certified Gold in the US on 20 March 1974 and in the UK on 1 July. In April 1974, Coverdale and Deep Purple performed to over 200,000 music fans at the California Jam. . This was his first trip to America. In December 1974 "Burn" was followed-up by "Stormbringer
(former name; Takashi Tokuhiro, 徳弘 隆) is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Mizuno was born on April 28, 1931. After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, he joined Yuasa Batteries in 1954. He also played for Kwangaku Club (All Kwangaku) which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won 1953, 1955 and 1958 Emperor's Cup. On October 9, 1955, Mizuno debuted for Japan national team against Burma. Statistics. !Total||1||0
Super Bowl XL was an American football game in the National Football League between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers against the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the Super Bowl champion for the 2005 season. It was played on February 5, 2006. It features the Steelers beat the Seahawks, 21-10. Steelers receiver Hines Ward, who caught 5 passes for 123 yards and a touchdown, while also rushing for 18 yards, was named Super Bowl MVP. Pittsburgh finished the regular season with an 11-5 record and became the fourth wild card team, and third in nine years, to win the Super Bowl. Pittsburgh also became the first #6 seed in the NFL playoffs to win a Super Bowl (and the first #6 seed to win a conference title). The Steelers became the second franchise, following the Oakland Raiders, to appear in the Super Bowl in four different decades (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s), and the first to appear in four consecutive decades. Also, Steelers runningback Jerome Bettis was able win a Super Bowl thanks to this game. However, many have criticized the officiating in that game, as they believe Seattle was cheated during some questionable calls by referee Bill Leavy.