ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A monster movie (also called a creature feature or giant monster movie) is a movie with humans trying to stay alive in attacks by very large monsters. Monster movies can fit in the horror, fantasy, or science fiction genres. In Japan, large monsters are called kaiju. In many monster movies, the monster is created by humans because of something such as a bad experiment, the effects of radiation, or the destruction of habitat. Since the 1953 movie "The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms", many monster movies have shown the monster being created by nuclear warfare. One of the most well-known movie monsters, Godzilla, was created by a nuclear weapon. Godzilla has appeared in 28 movies and has become a cultural icon in Japan.
The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms is a 1953 science fiction monster movie. It was released on June 13, 1953, by Premier Productions. It was produced by Warner Bros. It made over $5 million, including $2.25 million in the United States in its first year. The movie was the first movie to show a monster being woken up or created by an explosion from an atomic bomb. Its success helped cause the creation of more monster movies in the 1950s such as "Godzilla". Plot. An atomic bomb test in the Arctic Circle wakes up a sleeping dinosaur, the fictional "Rhedosaurus". After being woken up, it destroys New York City before being killed at Coney Island.
Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa. Xhosa is spoken by 7.6 million people, or about 18% of the South African population. Xhosa is written using a Latin alphabet. Henry Hare Dugmore helped translate the entire Bible in Xhosa language. Xhosa has ten vowels. Xhosa is well known for its set of three major clicks.
The Thembu is a tribe that was made to fall under the subgroup of the Xhosa people during the Apartheid period. They are one of the handful of nation groups that speak IsiXhosa in South Africa. The name in Xhosa is anathema, aba- a common prefix for peoples. The current reigning King of the aversion is King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo whose praise name is Zwelibanzi—the most recognizable Thembu person in Nelson Mandela. The traditional homeland of the Thembu is called Thembuland.
The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was an important university for black Africans from 1916 to 1959.  It offered a Western-style, academically excellent education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite. Nelson Mandela studied at the university during his early years before leading a group of students on a political strike and getting expelled.
The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) is a part of the African National Congress for younger people. It was founded in 1944 by Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu. They created the foundation to put an end to apartheid in Africa. The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was established on 2 April 1944, by Anton Lambede (who became the League’s first President), Nelson Mandela, Ashby Mda, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo. They were joined by, Duma Nokwe, B Masekela, Ida Mtwa, Lillian Ngoyi, James Njongweni, William Nkomo and Dan Tloome. The aim of the Youth League was to push the ANC away from the then South African version of Communism, towards its founding ideology which was Africanism. At the time the ANCYL was established, political circumstances in South Africa were tenuous as the ruling United Party was divided about South Africa’s participation in World War II. Four years after the establishment of the Youth League, the United Party’s rule came to an end and the country was subsequently governed by the National Party.
A Sit-ski is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy. It is made from fiberglass. Early sit-skis looked like kayaks and had metal edges. Sit-skis are used for para-Nordic skiing and para-alpine skiing. If the sit-ski has one ski, it is sometimes name a mono-ski. If a sit-ski has two skis, it is sometimes called a bi-ski. Skiers first used bi-skis in para-alpine skiing before using mono-skis. Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill. Sit-ski users use outrigger skis. In para-Nordic skiing, a sit-skier may use a normal ski pole that is not as long as one people standing up to ski would use. When skiers first learn to ski, their teacher may be connected to them on a tether until the skier can control the sit-ski on their own.
A mono-ski is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy. Mono-skis are used only in para-alpine skiing. People who use mono-skis need good balance to stop themselves from falling over. The mono-ski has a chair with one ski attached to the bottom. People first used mono-skis in 1985 in the United States. Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill. Mono-skis have a hydraulic lift. This makes it easier for a skier to get in and out of the mono-ski.
This article lists the most distant things known to us, all of which are galaxies or energy sources inside galaxies. Their distances are described in two ways. redshift = z, and billion light years (Gly). As of 2012, there are only about 50 possible objects z=8 or farther, and another 100 z=7 candidates. Candidates vary in their notability, so not everything is included here. 1 Gly = 1 billion light-years = 109 ly.
UDFj-39546284 is a 'stellar structure' (probably a galaxy) reported January 27, 2011 as light from the oldest object. It was detected through infrared observation by the Hubble Space Telescope. It was reported in December 2012 to be at redshift z = 11.9 using Hubble and Spitzer telescope data, including Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF). The actual stellar source of the light detected no longer exists. The image is likely to correspond to a compact mini-galaxy of blue stars that existed as we see it 13.42 billion years ago, around "380 million years" after the Big Bang (estimated at 13.8 billion years ago). At the time of the announcement, it was the oldest galaxy found. It beat the previous distance record holder by about 150 million light years. With the revision of the distance, it again became the oldest galaxy found as of December 12, 2012. The next attempt to see further will be the James Webb Space Telescope launched sometime this decade. Unlike UDFy-38135539, UDFj-39546284 has not been spectroscopically confirmed. A galaxy first formed near to the end of the Dark Ages, it offers information from early after the Big Bang.
Cypriniformes is a group of ray-finned fish, which includes carps and minnows. The group contains 320 genera, with over 3200 species. The most well-known family in the order is the Cyprinidae. type species of this order is the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Description. The Cypriniformes have a Weberian apparatus and a dorsal fin on their backs. Unlike other fish, they don't have teeth in their mouths. Instead, they have pharyngeal teeth.
Faegheh Atashin (, , born on 5 May 1950 in Tehran), known by her stage name Googoosh (, ), is an Iranian singer and actress. She is considered one of most iconic female pop-singers in Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries. Googoosh has been married three times. She has a son, Kambiz. She currently lives in Los Angeles. Discography. Studio albums Albums (Since she returned to music)
The Anthem of Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic () was the national anthem of Armenia when it was a republic of the Soviet Union. The writer of the lyrics was Sarmen (Armenak Sarkisyan), a poet. The composer of this song was Aram Khachaturian. He was known for his ballets.  Like many national anthems of republics of the Soviet Union, this song praised Vladimir Lenin, the October Revolution and Communism. It also praised the friendship of republics of the Soviet Union. "Hayastan" in the lyrics was the name that the Armenian ethnic called themselves. "Severe" in the lyrics means the Armenian history, such as earthquakes. After Armenia became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991, the national anthem was changed to "Our Fatherland".
The University of Rhode Island (URI) is the main public research university in the U.S. State of Rhode Island. It was established in 1892 as Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The name was changed to Rhode Island State College around 1909, and officially to University of Rhode Island during 1951. URI is in Kingston, Rhode Island. History. In 1888 the university was chartered as Rhode Island's agricultural school and became the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1892. The first class of 17 students was graduated two years later.
Fluorescence is the light given off by certain substances when it absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation. First the substance absorbs the energy, then it emits light. When the light source is removed, the fluorescence stops occurring. It is a form of luminescence.  In most cases, the light given off has a longer wavelength and lower energy than the absorbed light. One of the most surprising types of fluorescence is when a substance absorbs ultraviolet light that cannot be seen by the human eye, but gives off visible light. Fluorescence is used in many fields such as mineralogy, gemology, chemical sensors (fluorescence spectroscopy), dyes, biological detectors, and fluorescent lights. Fluorescence in the life sciences is a way of tracking biological molecules. A protein or other component can have a fluorescent dye attached to it, which allows a scientist to visually find the specific protein with a microscope.
Greyfriars Bobby (4 May 1855 - 14 January 1872) was a Skye terrier. He belonged to a policeman in Edinburgh named John Gray. When Mr. Gray died in 1858, he was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard. Bobby stayed near the grave of Mr. Gray long after the funeral. He would not leave.  The little dog came to be called Greyfriars Bobby. He stayed at the grave for the rest of his life. Bobby died in 1872. He was buried just inside the gates of the kirkyard. His grave is marked by a small pink granite stone. Bobby's collar and bowl are displayed in the Museum of Edinburgh. In 1873, Lady Angela Burdett-Coutts erected a drinking fountain "(pictured)" in Edinburgh to the memory of Greyfriars Bobby. The bronze statue of Bobby on top of the fountain was made by William Brodie. The fountain and statue have long been favourites of Scots.  The fountain is near the George IV Bridge in Edinburgh. The statue of Bobby sits on top of a column of granite. At the bottom, there is an eight-sided drinking basin for dogs. Near the top, there is a drinking spout for people. In 1957, the water was turned off because of health concerns.  Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson wrote a book about Bobby in 1912. It has never been out of print. A movie based on the book was made in 1961. This movie stars Tam O'Shanter as Bobby, and is described as "a tearjerker, one that saddens and lifts the spirit at the same time."
Luminescence is light emitted by a substance not caused by heat. In contrast, incandescence is light emitted by a substance as a result of heating. Luminescence can be caused by chemical reactions, electrical energy, subatomic motions, or piezoelectricity (stress on a crystal). The term 'luminescence' was introduced in 1888 by Eilhard Wiedemann. The dials, hands, scales and signs of aviation and navigational instruments and markings are often coated with luminescent materials in a process known as 'luminising'.
Victim blaming is holding the victim of a crime responsible for that crime. Starting in the 1970s, the term was commonly used in the United States. It was mainly used in connection with trials for rape, as well those with a racist background. In 1947 Theodor W. Adorno defined what would be later called "blaming the victim," as "one of the most sinister features of the Fascist character". Shortly after, Adorno and three other professors at the University of California, Berkeley created their influential and highly debated "F-scale" (F for fascist), published in "The Authoritarian Personality" (1950), which included among the fascist traits of the scale the "contempt for everything discriminated against or weak." A common example of victim blaming is the "asking for it" idiom, e.g. "she was asking for it" said of a victim of violence or sexual assault. Opposing views. Roy Baumeisteress, a social and personality psychologist, argued that blaming the victim is not always wrong. According to him, it can lead to new ideas that show that the victim was at least partly responsible for the act. Baumeister argues that the common explanations of violence and cruelty are not helpful because they say that the victim was innocent. According to him, in the classic telling of "the myth of pure evil," the innocent, well-meaning victims are going about their business when they are suddenly assaulted by terrible villains. The situation, however, is not this simple; In most cases, the victim has done something to either anger the offender, or to help the offender's actions. In spite of this, the actions that follow may be more important than the "victim's" first offense. Examples. In 2005, Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad gave a speech in Australia in which he blamed women for being rape victims. He said: "A victim of rape every minute somewhere in the world. Why? No one to blame but herself. She displayed her beauty to the entire world... Strapless, backless, sleeveless, showing their legs, nothing but satanic skirts, slit skirts, translucent blouses, miniskirts, tight jeans:
Ambroise Vollard (3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was one of the most important dealers in French modern art in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He had his portrait painted by so many artists that Picasso said "The most beautiful woman who ever lived has never had her portrait painted, drawn, or engraved any oftener than Vollard". In most cases he bought art directly from the painters of his day. He was the first owner of Cézanne's "Vue sur l'Estaque et le Chateau d'If". This sold at Christie's in London for £13,522,500 in February 1015. He sold these almost unknown artists, who became world-famous. They included Paul Cézanne, Aristide Maillol, Renoir, Louis Valtat, Pablo Picasso, André Derain, Georges Rouault, Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh. He was also an avid art collector and publisher. Background. After graduation, Vollard became a collector-dealer in art. In 1893, he started his own art gallery, at Rue Laffitte, then the center of the Parisian market for modern art. There Vollard put on his first major exhibition: Manet and others were followed by Gauguin and Van Gogh (4 – 30 June 1895). Not attractive in appearance, he was a very shrewd businessman who made a fortune. In 1930 Vollard commissioned Picasso to produce a suite of 100 etchings which became known as the "Vollard Suite". Vollard would later write biographies of Cézanne (1914), Degas, and Renoir, as well as the charming "Recollections of a Picture Dealer" (1936). Vollard was killed in July 1939, at the age of 73, on his way to Paris, when his chauffer-driven car skidded off the road. The fate of the collection. News of his death prompted this letter from one artist to another: "Are you aware of the enormity of the estate? Discoveries everywhere, valuable things, never sold nor noted,
Khomein (, also romanized as Khomeyn, Khumayn, and Khūmaīn) is a city in and the capital of Khomeyn County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 64,031, in 17,399 families. The city is the birthplace of the Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution.
This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 927. For later monarchs, see the List of English monarchs. Details for many of the later English monarchs are confirmed by a number of sources. But the earliest kings of Wessex predate many written sources. Wessex was one of the seven kingdoms of the British Heptarchy. This is a later name given to the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England during the early Middle Ages. Besides Wessex it included Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, and Sussex.  The year 865 saw the arrival of the Great Heathen Army in East Anglia. One by one the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were defeated by the Danes (Vikings). By the close of the ninth century the last four independent kingdoms of England had been reduced to just one. Wessex was the only remaining kingdom not destroyed by the Vikings. Under Alfred the Great Wessex became the core of a unified England. His grandson, Athelstan was the first King of England.
Sana'a ( "") is a governorate of Yemen. Its capital is Sana'a, which is also the national capital. However, the city of Sana'a is not part of the governorate. Instead, it forms the separate governorate of Amanat Al-Asemah. The governorate covers an area of 13,850 km². As of 2004, the population was 918,379 inhabitants, however an estimate put it at around 1,109,000 inhabitants in 2011.
Greyfriars Kirkyard is a cemetery in Edinburgh, Scotland. It surrounds Greyfriars Kirk in the Old Town. Burials have been held since the late 16th century. The kirk and its monuments are protected as a category A-listed building. The kirkyard is said to be haunted.  Many notable Scots are buried in the kirkyard including Sir George Mackenzie, Lord Advocate Mary Erskine, Regent of Scotland George Buchanan, and James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton. The kirkyard is the resting place of Greyfriars Bobby, a Skye terrier who stayed by his master's grave in the kirkyard for 14 years.
The B-25 Empire State Building crash was a plane crash that occurred on July 28, 1945. On that date, a B-25 Mitchell plane in heavy fog crashed into the Empire State Building in New York City. It caused 14 deaths (three people in the plane and eleven people in the building). It caused damage of around $1 million. The plane crashed between the 78th and 80th floors of the building, leaving a 18 ft (5.5 m) by 20 ft (6.1 m) hole in the building. The fire that was started was put out in 40 minutes. It is the only fire at such a height that has been successfully put out. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a fall of 75 floors, which is the Guinness World Record for the longest fall survived in an elevator. The building was reopened the Monday after the crash.
The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (Chinese: ) was a time when Japan controlled Hong Kong. It began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, gave up the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan gave up at the end of Second World War. Economics. One day after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong started, the Japanese military yen was changed to the only legal currency of Hong Kong. In January 1942, two Hong Kong dollars could be converted to one Japanese military yen. However, in July, four Hong Kong dollars were needed to be converted to one Japanese military yen. Education. All primary schools and secondary schools had to teach Japanese. They were not allowed to teach English.
On 1 October 2012, two ferries collided off Yung Shue Wan, Lamma Island, Hong Kong. Since the day was the National Day of the People's Republic of China, one of the ships was headed for the commemorative firework display. 39 deaths were caused in the accident.
Red Lobster is a casual dining restaurant. The first one opened in March 1969 in Montreal, Quebec. The chain serves seafood, chicken, steak and pasta. There are 649 Red Lobster restaurants world-wide. In May 14, 2024, the company announced that it was preparing to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection before Memorial Day weekend, planning to change agreements with its landlords and creditors in efforts to get rid of some of its debt. On May 20, 2024, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after getting over $100 million in financing commitments from its lenders.
The Wankel engine is a type of combustion engine. It is sometimes called a rotary engine. The Wankel engine is better than an engine of the reciprocating piston design because it is more compact and simple.  However, so far, nobody has found a good enough solution to the fact that oil (lubricant) has to be burnt along with the fuel. This causes pollution issues, besides wasting oil. This is why most vehicles still use piston engines. History. The Wankel engine was first thought of by German engineer Felix Wankel in 1929. He started working on it in the early 1950s along with German car company NSU. Since, it has been used by various other car companies, but mostly in prototype cars. One exception was Mazda, which made several cars that used Wankel engines, with the most well known one being the Mazda RX-7. As of 2021, there are no cars in production that have Wankel engines. Way it works. The Wankel engine works in a way similar to that of a regular four-stroke engine but instead of a piston going up and down, a triangle-shaped metal rotor revolves around the rod that connects to the wheels. Unfortunately, the way it works causes it to burn oil (lubricant), and this causes emissions to increase, which is why no cars use this kind of engine nowadays.
A parking lot (or car park) is an area where cars and other vehicles are parked and left temporarily. Parking lots are usually flat. The surface is usually made of asphalt, concrete, or gravel. Some lots may be bare earth. The paving material in a parking lot can heat quickly in the sun. A parked car can get hot, too. Children, older people, and pets such as dogs and cats should not be left in a parked car. They can die in a hot car. Lines are put on paved lots to create the outlines of parking spaces. People leave their cars in these spaces while they go shopping, go to work, or do errands. Some spaces are set aside for disabled drivers or disabled passengers. These spaces are clearly marked. A disabled driver needs a special badge or insignia issued by the government to use these spaces. Disabled spaces are usually close to the front of a lot. Drivers who are not disabled can be fined or their cars towed if they use these spaces.  Parking lots are usually near businesses, hospitals, government buildings, schools, hotels, zoos, etc. If many people go to these places, then the parking lots will be large. If not too many people go to these places, then the parking lots will be small. Small lots are usually unsupervised. Large lots are usually supervised by an attendant stationed in a small booth at the lot's entrance. He may issue a pass to a vehicle's driver that is stamped with the vehicle's arrival time. He will collect a fee from the driver when the vehicle leaves the lot. Some hotels provide free parking and those parking lots are big enough with lot of entrance.  At a rural event such as a county fair, concert, auction, barn sale, corn maze, or pick-your-own strawberry patch, a parking lot may be nothing more than a large area of bare earth or a meadow that has been mowed for parking. Ropes or bales of hay may be used to mark the area for parking. An attendant may or may not be present. If present, he or she will advise a driver where to park in the lot and may or may not collect a fee.  Parking lots can
The Greek Orthodox Church is a Christian denomination. It is the largest one in Greece and among Greek people worldwide. It is Eastern Orthodox in doctrine. The Church of Greece is the Greek Orthodox church. Its head is the Archbishop of Athens. There are other Greek Orthodox churches in other countries. The Greek Orthodox Church forms the majority in two countries, Greece and Cyprus.