ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Cycads are seed plants whose fossils are first found in the early Permian period. They were very common in the Mesozoic era, the age of the dinosaurs, and are still living, but are now much less common. Only nine genera (about 100 species) of cycads are extant nowadays. In the Lower Jurassic they were part of the forests which became the Jurassic coal measures in part of the world. The fronds could be reached and eaten by some of the typical herbivores of the day. Cycads are thought to have evolved from order Pteridospermae (seed ferns) of angiosperms, now totally extinct. They are different from most plants because they have large crowns of compound leaves and a stout trunk. They are evergreen, dioecious plants having large pinnately compound leaves.  They are frequently confused with and mistaken for palms or ferns, but are only distantly related to both, and instead belong to the division Cycadophyta. Cycads are gymnosperms (naked seeded). Their unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination. This contrasts with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds and more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle.  They have been reported to fix nitrogen in association with various cyanobacteria living in the roots (the "coralloid" roots).  These photosynthetic cyanobacteria produce a neurotoxin called BMAA that is found in the seeds of cycads. This is a typical defence against herbivory. the neurotoxin may enter a food chain if the cycad seeds are eaten, and may cause some neurological diseases.
Daisuke Yoneyama (born 10 June 1982) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 79||18||5||0||5||0||89||18 79||18||5||0||5||0||89||18
Manuel Pasqual (born 13 March 1982) is an Italian football player. He plays for Fiorentina. Club career statistics. 256||5 256||5 International career statistics. !Total||2||0
Teruyuki Tahara (born 3 May 1968) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 15||1||0||0||5||4||20||5 15||1||0||0||5||4||20||5
Enzo Maresca (born 10 February 1980) is an Italian football player. He plays for Olympiacos. Club career statistics. 41||5||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||42||5 116||19||14||1||colspan="2"|-||10||1||140||21 96||13||16||2||colspan="2"|-||29||6||141||21 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 253||37||31||3||0||0||39||7||323||47
Calum Davenport (born 1 January 1983) is an English footballer. On 22 August 2009, Davenport was stabbed by his sister's boyfriend, who was convicted of grievous bodily harm with intent for the attack. Club career statistics. 144||6 144||6
is a Japanese football manager and former player who plays as a defender. He is the manager of Wyvern FC.
Gary Paul O'Neil (born 18 May 1983) is an English football manager and former player who is currently head coach of Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers. Honours. Portsmouth West Ham United Queens Park Rangers Norwich City
Fuat Usta (born 3 July 1972) is a Turkish football manager and former football player. Club career statistics. 16||0||3||2||19||2 16||0||3||2||19||2
Yuki Fukaya (born 1 August 1982) is a former Japanese football player. Career statistics. "Updated to 2 February 2018".
is a Japanese football player. Biography. Yamamoto was born in Shizuoka on July 10, 1985. He joined J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse from their youth team in 2004. He played many matches from 2008. In 2013, he moved to J2 League club Vissel Kobe. He played many matches and Vissel was promoted to J1 from 2014. However he lost his position in 2016. From 2017, he played for JEF United Chiba, Yokohama FC, Roasso Kumamoto and Fukushima United FC. In June 2005, Yamamoto was selected Japan U-20 national team for 2005 World Youth Championship. In August 2008, he was selected Japan U-23 national team for 2008 Summer Olympics. But he did not play in the match, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Shusaku Nishikawa in both tournaments. Statistics. 179||0||14||0||42||0||235||0 179||0||14||0||42||0||235||0
Keiji Watanabe (born 28 January 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba. Club career statistics. 55||0||6||0||5||0||66||0 55||0||6||0||5||0||66||0
Takahiro Shibasaki (born 23 May 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokyo Verdy. Club career statistics. 3||0||1||0||0||0||4||0 3||0||1||0||0||0||4||0
Takashi Amano (born 13 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos. Club career statistics. 8||0||0||0||4||0||1||0||13||0 8||0||0||0||4||0||1||0||13||0
Pluto is a dwarf planet in the Solar System. Its formal name is 134340 Pluto, and its planetary symbol or . Pluto is the ninth largest body that moves around the Sun. Upon first being discovered, Pluto was considered a planet but was reclassified to a dwarf planet in 2006. It is the largest body in the Kuiper belt. Like other members of the Kuiper belt, Pluto is mainly made of rock and ice. It is quite small. It is about a fifth (⅕) of the weight of the Earth's Moon. It is only a third (⅓) of its volume. Pluto is very far from the Sun, so its temperature is very low. The average temperature on Pluto is -226 to -240 degrees Celsius. It has an odd orbit and this orbit is very sloped. It takes Pluto to 30 to 49 AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun. This causes Pluto to sometimes go closer to the Sun than Neptune. Since it was discovered in 1930, Pluto was thought to be the Solar System's ninth planet. In the late 1970s, the minor planet 2060 Chiron was found and people learned that Pluto had a small size. Later, in the early 21st century, the scattered disc object Eris and other objects like Pluto were discovered. Eris was initially believed to be 27% larger than Pluto, but was later found to be slightly smaller. On August 24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) gave a definition to the word "planet" for the first time. By this definition, Pluto was not a planet anymore. It became a "dwarf planet" along with Eris and Ceres. After this, Pluto was put on the list of minor planets and was downgraded in 2006 by astronomer Michael E Brown. It was given the number 134340. Some scientists still think that Pluto should be classified as a planet. Discovery. In the 1840s, using Newtonian mechanics, Urbain Le Verrier predicted the planet Neptune existed. He discovered this after studying the orbit of Uranus
Yuya Yoshizawa (born 20 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kamatamare Sanuki. Club career statistics. 27||4||4||0||0||0||31||4 27||4||4||0||0||0||31||4
Shota Arai (born 7 April 1985) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 11||1||0||0||0||0||11||1 11||1||0||0||0||0||11||1
Yuya Nakamura (born 14 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare. Club career statistics. 49||14||2||0||0||0||51||14 49||14||2||0||0||0||51||14
Alessandro Scarlatti (born Palermo, 2 May 1660; died 24 October 1725) was an Italian composer. He lived in the Baroque period. He is especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is thought of as the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of the famous composer Domenico Scarlatti. Life. Scarlatti was born in Palermo. At that time it was part of the Kingdom of Sicily. We know nothing about his musical education. When his opera "Gli Equivoci nell sembiante" was produced in Rome in 1679 the Queen of Sweden, who was living in Rome at the time, was very impressed and gave him the job of being her Maestro di cappella. In February 1684 he became Maestro di Cappella to the viceroy of Naples. He wrote many operas for him, as well as some music for important state occasions. In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and went to Florence where he composed operas for Ferdinando de' Medici and for Cardinal Ottoboni, who made him his "maestro di cappella". In 1703 he also got a similar job in Rome at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. After visiting Venice and Urbino in 1707, Scarlatti went back to Naples in 1708, and stayed there until 1717. However, the audiences in Naples no longer seemed interested in his music. They liked their serious operas to include comic music. Some of his best operas were written for Rome where they were produced at the Teatro Capranica. He also wrote some church music and music for royal weddings. He died in Naples. Scarlatti's music. Scarlatti's music forms an important link between the early Baroque Italian vocal styles of the 17th century and the classical period of the 18th century, which led to the music of Haydn and Mozart. Perhaps his greatest work is "Mitridate Eupatore". Many of his later operas are full of music which allows the
Atsushi Yoshimoto (born 14 January 1982) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 113||36 113||36
Takeshi Terada (born 21 March 1980) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 199||7||11||0||210||7 199||7||11||0||210||7
Fernando Navarro (born 25 June 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Sevilla. Club career statistic. 155||3 155||3 International career statistics. !Total||2||0
Akira Ishigame (born 20 May 1985) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0 6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
Haruki Nishimura (born 31 May 1987) is a Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 32||1||1||0||0||0||33||1 32||1||1||0||0||0||33||1
Nobuhisa Kobayashi (born 11 April 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagawa Printing. Club career statistics. 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
Junya Tanaka (born 24 April 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for HOYO Atletico ELAN Oita. Club career statistics. 4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0 4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
Gábor Csupó (, ; born 29 September 1952) is a Hungarian-born animator and co-founder of the animation studio Klasky Csupo, which has produced shows like "Rugrats", "Duckman", and "Aaahh!!! Real Monsters". He was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1952, and after four years at the Pannónia animation studios, fled to the West in 1975. While working in Sweden he met Arlene Klasky, an American-born animator. The two subsequently started their own company, Klasky Csupo, which produced many popular animated television shows. He was credited as "animation executive producer" and "supervising animation director" for several episodes of "The Simpsons" in the early seasons before the show switched over to Film Roman.
Katherine Paterson (born October 31, 1932) is a Newbery Award-winning American author of books for children.  Selected works. In a summary of writings by and about Katherine Paterson, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 200+ works in 1,100+ publications in 29 languages and 99,000+ library holdings.
Bridge to Terabithia is a novel by Katherine Paterson. Summary. "Bridge to Terabithia" is about two children who create a fictional kingdom in a forest. The two main characters are Leslie Burke and Jess Aarons. The author thought of writing this book after her son David L. Paterson's friend Lisa Hill died from being struck by lightning in 1974. Honors. In 1978, the book won the Newbery Medal.  The work was also awarded an ALA Notable Children's Book, which is given to the best children's books of the year.
Akira Takeuchi (born 18 June 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nagoya Grampus Eight. Club career statistics. 70||0||4||0||14||0||6||0||94||0 70||0||4||0||14||0||6||0||94||0
Kosuke Yamamoto (born 29 October 1989) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Júbilo Iwata. Club career statistics. 39||0||2||0||7||0||48||0 39||0||2||0||7||0||48||0
Satoshi Hashida (born 20 December 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama. Club career statistics. 12||0||2||0||0||0||14||0 12||0||2||0||0||0||14||0
Takuya Muguruma (born 13 June 1984) is a retired Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 77||4||1||0||1||0||79||4 77||4||1||0||1||0||79||4
Takumi Wada (born 20 October 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba. Club career statistics. 81||3||4||1||17||0||102||4 81||3||4||1||17||0||102||4
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Kagawa was born in Kobe on March 17, 1989. He joined J1 League club Cerezo Osaka in 2006. He could not play at all in the match first season and Cerezo was relegated to J2 League. He became a regular player from 2007. In 2009, he became a top scorer with 27 goals and Cerezo was promoted to J1. In summer 2010, he moved to German Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund. He played 49 matches and scored 21 goals in 2 seasons. Dortmund also won the Bundesliga champions in both seasons. In summer 2012, he moved to English Premier League club Manchester United. In the 2012/13 season, he played 20 matches and score 6 goals under manager Alex Ferguson. However his opportunity to play decreased under new manager David Moyes in the 2013/14 season. In summer 2014, he returned to Dortmund. Although he played many matches every seasons, he could hardly play in the match in the 2018/19 season. In January 2019, he moved to Turkish Süper Lig club Beşiktaş. In summer 2019, he moved to Spanish Segunda División club Real Zaragoza and played in 1 season. After half-year blank, he signed with Super League Greece club PAOK Thessaloniki in January 2021. In 2007, Kagawa was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2007 U-20 World Cup and played 2 matches. On May 24, 2008, he debuted for the Japan national team under manager Takeshi Okada against Ivory Coast. In August 2008, he also played for Japan U-23 national team at 2008 Summer Olympics. However he was not selected Japan for 2010 World Cup. After the 2010 World Cup, he became a regular player under new manager Alberto Zaccheroni and wore the "number 10" shirt for Japan as Shunsuke Nakamura successor. In 2011, he participated
Tomohiro Tsuda (born 6 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis. Club career statistics. 46||6||4||0||15||2||2||0||67||8 46||6||4||0||15||2||2||0||67||8
Hurricane Elena was a category 3 major hurricane that caused heavy damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States in August and September of the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season. Elena's unusual path through the Gulf of Mexico, which included a loop, caused many people to evacuate from the coastline. Meteorological history. Before Hurricane Elena, there was a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on August 23. It remained weak due to its fast westward motion and Saharan Air Layer around the circulation. As it moved through the Greater Antilles, it slowed and a tropical depression formed on August 28 between Cuba and Haiti. It paralleled the northern cost of Cuba, and became Tropical Storm Elena that night. Conditions were good for the storm to develop in the Gulf of Mexico, and Elena became a hurricane on the 29th.
The MICR is a device that can recognise human readable characters printed on documents such as cheques using a special magnetic ink. The reader reads these characters by examining their shapes. Characters are printed in a special font. Each character is formed by a 7 x 10 matrix. The MICR has a magnetic head which can detect the magnetic pattern for each character. The abbreviation MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. This is a type of data input often found in banks. The bank account number and other details are printed onto bank cheques (USA - checks)in a special font with magnetic ink. The magnetic characters can be read very quickly and accurately by MICR readers. Numbers in a special MICR font
Many countries have created legislation or have passed laws about the use of computers and data. Scope. These laws are usually concerned
Aigle Azur is an airline in France which operates flights within France but also to other European countries and some countries in Africa, for example Algeria. It's main base of operations is at Paris Orly Airport. The current Head, since 2008, is Méziane Idjerouidène.
TAAG Air Angola is the main airline of Angola, a country in Africa. The TAAG stands for "Transportadora Aérea AnGolana." which is Portuguese for Angolan Air Transport. TAAG's main base of operations is in Luanda International Airport, in the capital of Angola. TAAG is unlike many other African airlines as it is a very successful airline making a lot of money, most other airlines in the region do not make profits. Destinations. Most of TAAG's flights are to other African countries. In Europe, they only fly to Portugal, a country Angola has close ties to. They also fly to South America and the Caribbean.
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder that can affect multiple organs. The lungs are affected most often (in 9 out of 10 cases in the UK). It is a noncaseating restrictive lung diseasee.  The cause is not known. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are often used to treat sarcoidosis. In some cases, methotrexate may be also used. Antimalarial drugs have also been used. Sarcoidosis may involve the brain. If it does, it is called neurosarcoidosis. In some cases, pulmonary fibrosis is a complication of sarcoidosis.
Prednisone, brand name: Deltasone, is a steroid or corticosteroid medicine. It can be taken as a tablet, liquid, or injection (in a hospital). The liver processes prednisone and turns it into prednisolone.  Uses. Prednisone is used for:  Risks. Taking prednisone increases the risk of getting chickenpox, shingles, or measles because it weakens the immune system. Some people have a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to the drug. If this happens, an ambulance is needed immediately. Use in pregnancy or while breastfeeding is allowed in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It has been known to slightly increase the risk of birth defects if use is started during early pregnancy (13 weeks). It is still used if the benefits outweigh the risks. It is important for a doctor to know about a pregnancy when talking about this medicine, so they can fully understand all of the risks and complications. Side effects. More than 1 in 100 people have adverse side effects from the drug. It may cause weight gain, sweating more than usual, indigestion, sleep problems (like insomnia), or feeling restless. It can also cause mood swings, mental changes, behavior changes. or indigestion. A doctor should be consulted if a person is having these side effects. Medical attention is needed immediately if a person taking prednisone is vomiting blood, or if their vomit is black or dark brown. Long-term side effects. Taking prednisolone for a long time can lead to side effects such as:
Corsair International is a French airline based at Orly Airport. They are the second largest airline in France and fly mainly holiday flights. History. The airline was started in 1981 and has since been bought over by TUI AG, a German tour operator. Now all of Corsair International's aircraft have the uniform TUI colour scheme of a light blue body with white belly and red writing. These colours were put in place when the airline was called Corsairfly. A new scheme using blue and white colours will replace the current one. Destinations. Corsair International fly to lots of destinations from Paris. They concentrate on flights to the Caribbean and French speaking African countries.
Italian irredentism in Istria was the political movement dedicated to the unification of Istria to Italy. Characteristics. When Napoleon defeated Venice in 1797 he found that Istria was populated by Italians on the coast and in the main cities, but the interior was populated mainly by Croats and Slovenians. This dual ethnicity in the same peninsula created a situation of antagonism (hostility) between Slavs and Italians for the supremacy of Istria, which started the first nationalisms after Napoleon's fall. Since 1815 Istria was a part of the Austrian monarchy, and Croats/Slovenians and Italians engaged in a nationalistic fight with each other. As a consequence Istria has been the theater of an ethnic struggle between them, with bloody nationalistic wars, during the XIX and XX centuries. The Italian irredentism was actively followed by many Italians in Istria (called Istrian Italians), like the Italian hero Nazario Sauro of Capodistria (actual Koper). Indeed, between 1918 and 1947 Istria was part of the Kingdom of Italy, but after WWII was part of Yugoslavia. Now the Istrian Italians are reduced to a small minority, who has survived the Istrian exodus and the Foibe massacres during and after WWII. Furthermore, after the war was created the "Free Territory of Trieste" in north-western Istria: in the years following the division of the territory between Italy and Yugoslavia, up to 40,000 Istrian Italians chose to leave the Yugoslav "B zone" and move to the "A zone" or Italy for various reasons - some were intimidated into leaving and some simply preferred not to live in Tito's Yugoslavia. Since the end of WWII the irredentism has totally disappeared in Istria, even because of the Istrian exodus. Actually Istria is populated mainly by Slavs, but nearly 50,000 Italians still live there (divided between the areas of Istria belonging to Croatia, Slovenia and Italy). Capodistria and Muggia. Capodistria (actual Koper) and Muggia were the centers of the irredentism in Ist
Perestroika, which means "restructuring" in the Russian language, was a series of changes to the structure of the Soviet economy. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev started the policy in 1986. This happened only a few years before the Soviet Union dissolved into 15 new countries. Many historians argue that it was a major reason that the Soviet Union fell apart. Perestroika was introduced around the same time as Gorbachev's "glasnost" reforms, which loosened restrictions on the media and allowed for criticism of the government. It was the first time such changes were implemented in the Soviet Union, and uncovered a lot of secrets about how the Soviet system operated. It also uncovered events which the public were unaware of, such as Chernobyl occurring three days before any announcement was put out, or the deals that Stalin made with Hitler during WWII. The Soviet Union was ideologically a communist country. The economy was centralised and the means of production owned by the government. People did not own their own land or businesses. Under perestroika, some people were permitted to own their businesses. Gorbachev's main goal of perestroika was to repair the Soviet economy, which had been stagnant for decades and upon his election was starting to decline. However, Gorbachev's reforms did not have the desired impact and many people attribute the dissolution of the Soviet Union as Gorbachev's fault.
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan (Armenian: Արմեն Ջիգարխանյան, Russian: Арме́н Бори́сович Джигарханя́н; 3 October 1935 – 14 November 2020) was one of the most popular Soviet and Armenian actors. He was born on October 3, 1935, in Yerevan, Armenian SSR, USSR. He has appeared in 254 movies, including his 1981 leading role as Nazi Max Richard in "Teheran 43". He acted in his first movie aged 25 in 1960. Dzhigarkhanyan was given the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1985. In April 2018 he again was hospitalized after a heart attack and fell into a coma. Dzhigarkhanyan died in Moscow on November 14, 2020. The cause of death was cardiac arrest due to kidney failure.