ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The following is a list of territories where English is an official language. As of 2019, there were 55 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign states where English was an official language. Overview. British Empire. Most countries where English is a prominent or official language are former colonies of the British Empire. Notable exceptions include Rwanda, which was a former Belgian colony, and Eritrea, which was an Italian colony where the British Empire controlled it only in World War II and shortly after (19411952). English is the sole official language of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Commonwealth Games.  International organizations. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union and the International Olympic Committee. United States. Although English is not classified as an official language in the United States, many states and regions within the U.S. do have English as an official language. India. India's linguistic picture is complex. According to the Constitution of India, "Hindi in the Devanagari script" is the official language of the union; and English the 'subsidiary official language'; however, English must be used for the official texts of all federal laws and Supreme Court decisions (with Hindi). It is one of the two languages of the Indian Parliament. English is taught in schools. The quality and effectiveness of the teaching is very varied. English is used almost exclusively for higher education. Pakistan. The situation of Pakistan is also complex. While the national language is Urdu, English is an official language and used in business, government and law. Country subdivisions. In these country subdivisions, English has "de jure" official status, but English is not official in their relevant countries at the national level.  The population figures are based on the sources in List of countries by population, with information as of 23 January 2009 (UN estimates, et al.).  In 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to make English the official language of the U.S., but executive orders do not apply to the entire government and are not laws. Hong Kong is a former British Crown colony (1843-1981) and British Dependent Territory (1981-1997);
William Sterling Blair is a Canadian politician. He is a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. He speaks for the electoral area of Scarborough Southwest, and is a member of the Liberal Party. Blair is the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness in Canada's cabinet right now. From 2018 to 2019, he was the Minister of Border Security and Organized Crime Reduction. Before working in politics, Blair was the chief of police for the city of Toronto. In October 2021, he became the Minister of Emergency Preparedness and President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. In 2023, he became the Minister of National Defence.
The Cocos plate is a geologically young oceanic tectonic plate. It is beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America. Cocos Island rides on it.  The Cocos plate was created about 23 million years ago when a larger plate broke into two pieces. The other piece became the Nazca plate. The Cocos plate also broke into two pieces, creating the small Rivera plate.  The Cocos plate touches several different plates. To the northeast it touches the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. To the west it touches the Pacific plate and to the south the Nazca plate. This complicated set of little plates is caused by what geologists call the "Cocos-Nazca spreading system". The leading edge is subducting (going under existing plates). This causes the Central American Volcanic Arc. The Cocos Plate is near the Galapagos hotspot, which caused the Galapagos Islands.
Sol Yaged (December 8, 1922 – May 16, 2019) was an American jazz clarinetist. He was born in New York City.  Yaged was inspired by Benny Goodman. Yaged played clarinet with professional groups for over 70 years, with such musicians as Phil Napoleon, Coleman Hawkins, Red Allen, and Jack Teagarden. He was a movie score consultant for "The Benny Goodman Story". Yaged died on May 16, 2019 in New York City at the age of 96.
The Young Turks (TYT) is a progressive, American news and commentary program on YouTube. The program was created by Cenk Uygur, Ben Mankiewicz, and Dave Koller. It is co-hosted by Uygur, Ana Kasparian and John Iadarola.  "The Young Turks" began as a radio program that premiered on February 14, 2002, on Sirius Satellite Radio; it was later carried on Air America, before launching a web series component in 2005 on YouTube.  In 2018, Regional News Network offered it initially on WMCN, its New Jersey broadcast television station. Naming controversy. They have been criticized for naming themselves after the Young Turks from the Ottoman Empire.
David Cervinski (8 November 1970 – 16 May 2019) was an Australian association footballer. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Cervinski played for the Melbourne Knights, Carlton and Wollongong Wolves in the National Soccer League (NSL) and for Gombak United in Singapore. His achievements include winning four NSL titles and the 2000 NSL Grand Final. He was the brother of footballer Adrian Cervinski. Cervinski died of melanoma on 16 May 2019, at the age of 48.
Kadavoor Sivadasan (11 March 1932 – 17 May 2019) was an Indian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected as an member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. In 1985, he represented the Indian government at the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva. He was born in Kadavoor, Kollam. Sivadasan died on 17 May 2019 in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. He was 87.
Bacchus Marsh is a large town in Victoria, Australia. It is about north west of the state capital Melbourne. The population of the Bacchus Marsh was 20,345 at the 2016 Census. It is the largest town in the local government area of Shire of Moorabool. The area became known for its fruit and vegetable farms. In recent years it has become a commuter town for people working in Melbourne. Bacchus Marsh was named after one of its original inhabitants, Captain William Henry Bacchus. It is located beside two rivers — the Lerderderg and Werribee.
Cutworms are the caterpillar of several kinds of moths. They cause problems for people trying to grow plants in their garden. Cutworms eat tender shoots at the base of the plant. They have big appetites and will destroy a plant in a very short time. They eat many kinds of plants. The eggs of the cutworms are laid in the autumn by the moth and the cutworms emerge in the spring.
Eduardo Alejandro Roca (15 December 1921 – 17 May 2019) was an Argentine lawyer, academic and diplomat. He was Argentina's Ambassador to the United States, serving from 1968 to 1970. He also served as the Ambassador of Argentina to the United Nations during the Falklands War in 1982. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was the grand-nephew of Julio Argentino Roca. Roca died on 17 May 2019 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 97.
Rallapalli Venkata Narasimha Rao (15 August 1945 – 17 May 2019), known simply as Rallapalli, was an Indian character actor. He acted in Telugu and Tamil cinema. He appeared in over 800 movies and was noted for his comedy roles. He is best known for his roles in movies such as "Anveshana" (1985), "Bombay" (1995) and "Minsara Kanavu" (1997). He was born in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. Rallapalli died of a lung disease on 17 May 2019 in Hyderabad. He was 73.
Janet F. Kitz ("née" Brownlee; 12 January 1930 – 10 May 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian educator, author and historian. She is best known helping the 1917 Halifax Explosion become well-known to the public. The event is the largest man-made explosion before the atomic bomb and the worst man-made disaster in Canadian history. In the 70 years after the Halifax Explosion, only two books had been written about the event. She wrote many books about the disaster, including "Shattered City: The Halifax Explosion and the Road to Recovery" (1989). Kitz was born in Carnwath, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. She married Leonard Arthur Kitz, the former mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1971. The couple soon moved to Nova Scotia. Kitz died on 10 May 2019 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She was 89.
Juan Antonio Menéndez Fernández (6 January 1957 – 15 May 2019) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1981. He served as an auxiliary bishop of Oviedo and titular bishop of "Nasai" from 2013 to 2015. He served as the Bishop of Astorga from 2015 until his death in 2019. Menéndez Fernández was born in Villamarín de Salcedo. Menéndez Fernández died of a heart attack on 15 May 2019 in Astorga. He was 62.
Quentin Lee Pongia (9 July 1970 – 18 May 2019) was a New Zealand rugby league player. He played as a prop. He played for the Canberra Raiders, Auckland Warriors, Sydney Roosters, St George Illawarra Dragons and Wigan Warriors. He also played for the New Zealand national team between 1992 and 2000. He was from the West Coast, South Island. Pongia died of bowel cancer on 18 May 2019 in Greymouth, West Coast. He was 48.
Kouzou Iizuka (, いいづかこうぞう "Iizuka Kouzou"; 1 June 1931 - October 26 2024) is a Japanese engineer, Top of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Chairman of International Measurement Confederation, Chairman of Human Frontier Science Program, and Kubota CEO. In 1931, he was born in Nakano, Tokyo. He was enrolled in Fourth municipal high school (Now Toyama municipal high school) , Urawa high school (old), and graduated at Tokyo University Graduate School of Engineering.In 1972, he became Doctor of Engineering(Tokyo Univ.). In 2015, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure. In 2019, he caused a traffic accident at Ikebukuro, Tokyo. A 3-year-old girl and her mother were killed by the accident, and nine others were injured. He caused a fatal accident, but not arrested. So he was criticized on the Internet（[東池袋自動車暴走死傷事故]）.
Metropolitano Stadium (), also called Riyadh Air Metropolitano because of sponsorships, is a stadium in Madrid, Spain. It has been the home stadium of football club Atlético Madrid since the 2017–18 season. The stadium is in the Rosas neighbourhood in the San Blas-Canillejas district. Wanda Metropolitano has a seating capacity of 67,828. The stadium was built during 1990–93 and was opened in 1994. After the stadium was closed in 2004, the stadium reopened in 2017 as Atlético Madrid's home ground. Metropolitano Stadium replaced their former home ground Vicente Calderón Stadium. The first match in the stadium was on 18 September 2017 in a 2017-18 La Liga match against Málaga CF. The stadium was formerly known as "Estadio de la Comunidad de Madrid" (Madrid Community Stadium), "Estadio Olímpico de Madrid" (Madrid Olympic Stadium), and more commonly by its nickname "Estadio de La Peineta" (The Comb Stadium). The naming rights were bought by a Chinese real estate company called Wanda Group, so the stadium was called the Wanda Metropolitano until 2022. On 1 June 2019, Metropolitano Stadium hosted the 2019 UEFA Champions League Final.
Ismoil Somoni Peak () is the highest mountain in Tajikistan. The mountain is in the Pamir Mountains range and is above sea level. It is the 50th highest mountain in the world and was formerly the Soviet Union's highest mountain. The first climb was made by Soviet mountaineer Yevgeniy Abalakov in 1933. Ismoil Somoni Peak was once called Stalin Peak, and after de-Stalinization, Communism Peak before being renamed in honour of Ismail Samani, a ruler of the Samanid dynasty.
Samuel Ricardo Eugenio Cabrera (12 August 1958 – 13 May 2019) was a Peruvian football player and coach. He played as a defender. Eugenio was born in Cañete. He played for Universitario de Deportes between 1980 and 1989, winning three titles. He also played for Alayza and Sport Boys. He was later part of the Universitario de Deportes coaching staff. On 13 May 2019, Eugenio died of problems caused by surgery for peritonitis in Lima. He was 60.
CiNii () is a bibliographic database service for things in Japanese academic libraries. The database started in April 2005 and is maintained by the National Institute of Informatics. The service searches from the NII databases [NII Electronic Library Service (NII-ELS) and Citation Database for Japanese Publications (CJP)], and the databases from the National Diet Library of Japan, institutional repositories, and other organizations. The database has more than 15 million articles from more than 3,600 publications.  Database identifiers. The database gives a unique identifier, "NII Article ID" (NAID), to each of the journal articles in its list. A different identifier, "NII Citation ID" (NCID or 書誌ID) or "NACSIS-CAT Record ID", is used for books.
The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (BC NDP) is a provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. It is a social democratic party and is considered to be centre-left. David Eby has been the leader of the party since 2022. The party is a part of the federal New Democratic Party. The party is the one governing the province right now. This is because there was a hung parliament after the 2017 elections and the BC Liberal Party did not win a motion of no confidence in the legislature. Instead, the BC NDP began a confidence and supply deal with the BC Green Party to form a minority government. Before that, the party governed British Columbia under six different premiers. They also won a majority government three times, in 1971, 1991, and 1996. History. 2014–2022: Horgan as leader. The leader before 2014 was Adrian Dix. He resigned from being the leader of the BC NDP in 2013. Because of this, there was an election in the party in 2014 to decide who would be the next leader. John Horgan was elected by acclamation (when there are no other candidates). Because he became leader, he also became the Leader of the Opposition in the legislature. The first election that the NDP took part in while Horgan was the leader was the 2017 general election. The NDP won 41 seats in the election. The other parties that won seats were the Liberal Party (43 seats) and the Green Party (3 seats). The Liberal Party did not win enough seats to form a majority government so the first minority government in BC in 65 years was elected. This was a very close election. The Liberals won the popular vote by only 1566 votes. Because both parties did not have enough seats to form a majority government, the Greens held the balance of power. Both the Liberals and NDP began negotiating with the Greens to see if they would support a minority government by either of the parties. On 29 May, Horgan and the Greens announced that the Greens would support the NDPs in a confidence and supply deal. The Liberals lost a vote of no confidence vote by two votes to
A domain hack is a domain name that blends the text in a web address' domain (before the dot) with its top level domain (after the dot) to create a word (such as youtu.be), or a phrase (such as play.it). These are called "hacks" because they use top level domains in ways that they were not intended to be used. In the example above, YouTube uses .be as part of their link shortening service, even though .be was meant to be used as a country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Belgium. Entercom Communications Corporation does the same thing with their play.it domain name, using Italy's ccTLD. Matthew Doucette first used the term "domain hack" in a blog post on November 3rd, 2004.
Adrian Dix (born April 20, 1964) is a Canadian politician. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia and the Minister of Health of British Columbia, Canada. He was also the leader of the British Columbia New Democratic Party from 2011 to 2014. Dix was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 provincial election. He led the BC NDP into the 2013 provincial election. Even though opinion polling showed that he would win the election, he lost the election to the BC Liberal Party. Because of this, he resigned as the leader of the BC NDP. Political career. Dix was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 provincial election. He was elected to the electoral district of Vancouver-Kingsway. He beat the incumbent Liberal MLA Rob Nijjar.
Jürgen Kißner or Kissner (18 August 1942 – 18 May 2019) was a German cyclist. He competed for West Germany. He won the silver medal in the team pursuit at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born in Luckau, Brandenburg. Kissner died on 18 May 2019 in Cologne, at the age of 76.
Four Ways to Forgiveness is a collection of four short stories and novellas by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin. All four stories happen in the future. They are stories from the planets Yeowe and Werel. Both planets are members of the Ekumen. The group of Ekumen planets is the background for many novels and short stories in Le Guin's Hainish Cycle. In 2017 it was reissued as an e-book, augmented with a fifth related story by Le Guin, as Five Ways to Forgiveness. Setting. The stories in the book are set on two planets in a distant solar system, Werel and Yeowe, inhabited by humans placed there by the ancient Hainish. (This 'Werel' is not the same as the world called Werel in Le Guin's "Planet of Exile" and "City of Illusions".) Werel has a long history of institutional enslavement of its lighter-skinned ethnic groups by its darker-skinned ethnic groups (the latter's derogatory term for the former is "dusties"). When the Ekumen recontacted the Werelians, the shock spurred one of the Werelian nations, Voe Deo, to develop a space program and settle the other inhabitable planet in the system, Yeowe, transporting a primarily slave population to do so. Eventually the slaves on Yeowe conducted a successful revolt and gained their independence, an event that occurred in the fairly recent past of the four stories. The nations of Werel are nervous that the "assets" on that planet might attempt the same thing for themselves. Themes. The common themes of the stories are the freedom and slavery. For thousands of years, the dark-skinned "owners" of Werel kept the light-skinned "assets" as slaves. Then things began to change after the colonized the second planet, Yeowe. The Yeowans gained freedom and fought to have their own government and identity. They wanted to enter the Ekumen of worlds. Gender relations are another important theme in the stories. At first, only male slaves were transported to Yeowe. The culture there became extremely masculine. Homosexual relationships were important and had
María Esther Gorostiza Rodríguez (28 October 1931 – 18 May 2019), better known as Analía Gadé, was an Argentine actress. She appeared in more than 60 movies between 1948 and 2001. She starred in movies such as "Emergency Ward" (1952), "Yesterday Was Spring" (1955), "Crime on a Summer Morning" (1965), "Another's Wife" (1967) and "The King is the Best Mayor" (1974). She was born in Córdoba. Her brother was playwright Carlos Gorostiza. Gadé died on 18 May 2019 of cancer in Madrid. She was 87.
Mark Warawa (May 7, 1950 – June 20, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He served as a city councillor in Abbotsford, British Columbia from 1990 to 2004. He was the Member of Parliament for Langley—Aldergrove (formerly Langley) from 2004 until his death in 2019. Warawa lived in Langley, British Columbia. He was married to Diane and had five children. In April 2019, it was announced that Warawa had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer that had spread to his lungs, colon and lymph nodes. He died on June 20, 2019, in Langley, at the age of 69.
Adansonia gregorii, commonly known as the boab, is a tree in the family Malvaceae. Its trunk has a swollen base, which makes it easily recognizable. For this reason, it is also called a bottle tree. It is endemic to Australia, where it mostly occurs in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, east into Northern Territory, parts of western Queensland, and New South Wales.  There are other species of baobabs, which are native to Madagascar (six species) and mainland Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (one species). Boab ranges from 5 to 15 metres, usually between 9 and 12 metres, with a broad bottle-shaped trunk. Its trunk base may be extremely large; trunks with a diameter of over five metres have been recorded. "A. gregorii" is deciduous, losing its leaves during the dry winter and producing new leaves and large white flowers between December and May.
Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International and has 3,209 hotel rooms. Hotels. Penthouse suites. The gold coloring of the hotel is a result of gold leaf used on the windows. Levels 40-42 (numbered as floors 60–62) are designed as penthouse suites, with a penthouse lounge on level 62 for guests staying in the penthouses. Level 43 (numbered as 64) is the Foundation Room, a restaurant and bar. Four Seasons Hotel. Five floors (floors 35–39) of the main hotel building are the five-star and AAA Five-Diamond Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas. 2017 shooting. On October 1, 2017, Stephen Paddock broke the window in room 32-135 and fired at concertgoers attending the Route 91 Harvest country music festival. He fired diagonally at them across from the resort. He would kill 61 people including himself and injure around 867 others. It was the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in U.S. history.
Nickey Iyambo (20 May 1936 – 19 May 2019) was a Namibian politician and physician. He was a member of SWAPO. He served as the Namibia's first Vice-President, serving from 2015 to 2018. Iyambo was a member of the Cabinet of Namibia since independence in March 1990. He was the Minister of Health and Social Services from 1990 to 1996, Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing from 1996 to 2002, Minister of Mines and Energy from 2002 to 2005, Minister of Agriculture, Water and Forestry from 2005 to 2008, Minister of Safety and Security from 2008 to 2010, and Minister of Veterans' Affairs from 2010 to 2015. Iyambo was born in Onayena, Oshikoto Region. He died in Windhoek on 19 May 2019, a day before his 83rd birthday.
Nilda Fernández (25 October 1957 – 19 May 2019) was a Spanish-born French singer. His first album was recorded in 1981. He became known for his 1987 album "Madrid, Madrid". He might be best known for his 1991 single "Nos fiancailles". He became popular in Russia and also worked in Cuba. Fernández was born in Barcelona, Catalonia and grew up in the French city of Lyon. On 19 May 2019, Fernández died of heart failure in the south of France. He was 61.
Frank Finley Ledford Jr. (April 22, 1934 – May 15, 2019) was an American orthopedic surgeon. He served as the 37th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1988 to 1992. He reached the U.S. Army rank of lieutenant general. He also held positions as a clinical professor at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Ledford died after a short illness on May 15, 2019 in San Antonio, Texas. He was 85.
A rainwater tank (sometimes called a rain barrel in North America in reference to smaller tanks, or a water butt in the UK) is a container to capture water runoff from the roof. Water can be stored during the rainy season and used later in the summer when water is more scarce. The use of water barrels is forbidden in some jurisdictions.
Quinn Henderson Becker (June 11, 1930 – March 13, 2022) was an American orthopedic surgeon and lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He was the 36th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1985 to 1988. He attended Louisiana State University's School of Medicine. He was born in Kirksville, Missouri. Becker died on March 13, 2022 at his home in San Antonio, Texas at the age of 91.