ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
In linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish words. (Compare tone.) Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody. All languages use pitch semantically, that is, as intonation, for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. Tonal languages such as Chinese and Hausa use pitch to distinguish words in addition to intonation.  "Rising intonation" means the pitch of the voice increases over time; "falling intonation" means that the pitch decreases with time. A "dipping intonation" falls and then rises, whereas a "peaking intonation" rises and then falls. The classic example of intonation is the question-statement distinction. For example, northeastern American English, like very many languages (Hirst &amp; DiCristo, eds. 1998), has a rising intonation for echo or declarative questions ("He found it on the street?"), and a falling intonation for "wh-" questions ("Where did he find it?") and statements ("He found it on the street."). Yes or no questions ("Did he find it on the street?") often have a rising end, but not always. Some languages like Chikasaw and kalaallisut have the opposite pattern: rising for statements and falling with questions. Dialects of British and Irish English vary substantially, with rises on many statements in urban Belfast, and falls on most questions in urban Leeds. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, "global" rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal arrow rising left-to-right and falling left-to-right , respectively. These may be written as part of a syllable, or separated with a space when they have a broader scope: "He found it on the street?" Here the rising pitch on "street" indicates that the question hinges on that word, on where he found it, not whether he found it.  "Yes, he found it on the street." "How did you ever escape?" Here, as is common with "wh-" questions, there is a rising intonation on the question word, and a falling intonation at the end of the question.
Heinz Gerstinger (born October 13, 1919 in Vienna; died April 28, 2016 in Vienna) is an Austrian writer, playwright and historian. Life. Heinz Gerstinger studied history and dramatics at the University of Vienna. He has worked for the universities of Graz and Vienna, as well as for theaters in Graz, Augsburg and Vienna. As he published in literary magazines and newspapers, he worked for the Austrian radio and television. Heinz Gerstinger was a member of the Austrian P.E.N. and the writers' association Österreichischer Schriftstellerverband.
Ingrid Reichel (born 1961 in St. Pölten, Lower Austria) is an Austrian artist, painter, essayist, and a reviewer of arts and literature. Biography. Ingrid Reichel has grown up in Kabul, Afghanistan and between 1967 and 1981 in Paris, France. Then she moved to St. Pölten, the capital of Lower Austria, where she still lives with her family. She had her first art exhibitions in 1991. Her works address sociopolitical topics. Ingrid Reichel is very active in the cultural life of St. Pölten and introduces children to arts and literature. Since 2005 she writes critical reviews, essays and portraits of artists. She is a directing member of the Literary Society St. Pölten (Literarische Gesellschaft) and writes also for its literary magazine "etcetera".
Absurdism is a type of philosophy. People who support and argue for absurdism are known as 'absurdists'. Absurdists think that the human condition is essentially absurd because humans are always looking for meaning, but are completely unable to find meaning because no such meaning exists. In philosophy, this is called ‘the Absurd’. In this case "absurd" means that it is not possible to be done by humans. Absurdists, most notably Albert Camus, believe that when human beings realize this fundamental absurdity they have different reactions. One reaction is suicide, but this is not generally considered to be a viable solution by Absurdists; suicide is in and of itself the most absurd action possible. Another reaction is to believe in something higher (Camus gave religion as an example of this, although he went on to criticize its merit as a solution to fundamental absurdity) when they see that there is no meaning they can find in the universe (which is what absurdism says is the basic state of human experience). The final reaction is to accept the absurd, and also to keep trying to overcome it. Camus believed that a human being could become happy by finding meaning in their relationship with the absurdity of their existence. Perhaps the most notable absurdist philosopher is Albert Camus. Søren Kierkegaard's ideas contributed to the development of Absurdist philosophy, although he was himself an existentialist.
Elpídio Pereira Silva Filho (born 19 July 1975), known as Silva, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a striker.
Takahiro Shimada (born 9 February 1965) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Gamba Osaka. Club career statistics. 131||4||8||0||25||1||164||5 131||4||8||0||25||1||164||5
Ryuji Ishizue (born 22 July 1964) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 107||0||11||0||16||0||134||0 107||0||11||0||16||0||134||0
Tropical Storm Grace was an unusual tropical cyclone that formed in the Atlantic Ocean. It was the 7th named storm of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. Grace began over the Azores on October 4, and had wind speeds of 65 mph (100 km/h). However, the storm did not last very long, and cold water temperatures caused it to weaken. The storm died out on October 6 over England. The storm was farther north and east in the Atlantic than most tropical storms. Grace had only minor effects on land. While it was passing through the Azores, islands near the storm felt strong winds and some rain. In Portugal, the storm partly caused heavy rain that caused flooding. What was left of Tropical Storm Grace hit parts of Ireland and the United Kingdom. In this area, of rain fell and winds became strong, although there was no bad damage. Meteorological history. Tropical Storm Grace came from a large extratropical cyclone that formed on September 27, 2009, to the east of Newfoundland. It began to show signs of becoming a tropical cyclone. By October 1, convection began to form near the center of the storm. The next day, the convection began to disappear, and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) stopped watching it. The storm moved in a loop near the Azores for the next two days. During October 4, convection formed again near the center of the storm. It became a tropical storm near São Miguel Island. However, the NHC first thought it did not become a tropical storm until later. The NHC named the storm "Grace" at 11:00 AST on October 4. It was the seventh named storm of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm had some strong convection and an eye-like feature (a clearing at the center). Grace was over waters that are normally too cold for tropical storms to exist. However, because there was not much wind shear, it was able to stay together. Grace moved towards the northeast. The storm became slightly stronger as it moved over colder waters. Winds in the storm were estimated at 70 mph (110 km/h)
Amar Osim (born 18 July 1967) is a Bosnia and Herzegovina former football player. He is one of the most successful Bosnian-Herzegovinian football managers. Honours. Manager. Željezničar  JEF United Chiba  Individual
(9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305), was the 90th emperor of Japan, in the traditional order of succession. His reign started in 1259 and ended in 1274. Traditional history. Before he became the monarch, his personal name ("imina") was . The posthumous name of Kameyama comes from the place name of the emperor's tomb, in a section of Kyoto. He was the seventh son of Emperor Go-Saga and the younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa. Kameyama was the father of 36 children, including the son and heir who became Emperor Go-Uda. Events of Kameyama's life. After his death. The Imperial Household Agency say the mausoleum ("misasagi") of Kameyama is in Kyoto. The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine there. Eras of reign. The years of Kameyama's reign cover more than one era name.
The is the only national library in Japan. It was established in 1948. The purpose of the library is to assist members of the . The library is similar in purpose and scope to the U.S. Library of Congress. The National Diet Library has two main facilities. One is in Tokyo and the other is in Kyoto. There are also several branch libraries in Japan.
Weight training is a common type of strength training. It uses the force of gravity in the form of weighted bars, dumbbells or weight stacks to oppose the force generated by muscles. Weight training uses many different special things to help certain areas of muscle and different kinds of body motions. "Weight training" is not bodybuilding, Olympic weightlifting, or "power-lifting"; these are sports and not training. Weight training is a part of these sports' training. Reps, sets, tempo and rest. Weight training has many similarities with other kinds of strength training. Each uses the ideas of "repetitions" (or "reps"), "sets", "tempo", and "rest" in different kinds of body motions to increase strength. For a certain body motion or exercise, "reps" are doing the motion again and again with no rest between. A "set" is a number of reps and a time of rest. 3 sets of 10 reps would be doing the motion 10 times, resting, doing it again 10 times, resting, and doing it ten more times, then resting. The "tempo" of an exercise means the speed one motion is done. A particular exercise may require you to move down then up, but one person may go down and come up in 2 seconds, while someone else may move slower and take 10 seconds. So 10 reps will take 20 seconds for the first person, but 100 seconds for the second. Most times slower motion is more difficult. Rest has a no different meaning for weight training, but it is very important. During rest no motion is necessary. Different kinds of weight training use different rest times between sets. Some use as little as 30 seconds and others can use as much as 8 minutes. Weight training and bodybuilding. Weight training has a similarity to bodybuilding, but they have different objectives. Bodybuilding uses weight training to help make muscles larger and good looking, without care for more strength. They train to make their muscles larger and get low levels of body fat. Many weight trainers train differently and for the result of being strong and doing difficult things for a long time while not thinking about dropping body
A gang is a group of people who do things together. The word "gang" comes from the Old English "gan", which means "to go". It is also related to Old Norse "gangr" "a group of men". In modern times the word "gang" is often used to refer to a group of people who commit crimes together. Members of criminal gangs may be called gangsters. There are several reasons why people join gangs. Lots of people who join gangs are young people. One reason that people join gangs is a chance to make money through doing things like selling illegal drugs, stealing and sex trafficking. Another reason, especially for younger people, is a chance to have a place where they belong. A third reason is boredom. Gang identification. Gang members often use graffiti to tell other gangs that an area is part of their "territory" and that other gangs should stay away. Marking territory, usually with spray paint, is sometimes called "tagging," however tagging usually means messages by one person, called a tagger. Tagger graffiti promotes the individual and is usually more artistic. As well as being a “no trespassing” sign telling rival crews to stay away, gang graffiti can send other messages. Gang graffiti may be a message about future violence or criminal activity. Members of a gang often dress similarly or have the same tattoos. Gang violence. Gang violence refers to illegal acts of violence performed by gangs. The violence may be against innocent people, property, or other gangs. Gang violence is extremely prevalent across the world in cities like Moscow, Detroit, Chicago and Los Angeles. Nearly every major city has seen gang violence at some point in its history.
Folk metal is a type of heavy metal music that started in Europe in the 1990s. This music is a mixture of heavy metal and traditional folk music. Many times, folk instruments are used in it. Sometimes traditional singing styles are also used. The earliest example of folk metal was the English band Skyclad. Their first album, "The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth" was made in 1990. In 1994 and 1995 more folk metal bands appeared in Europe and Israel. Some of these early bands were the Irish band Cruachan, the Israeli band Orphaned Land, and the German band Subway to Sally. Each band started to develop their own type of folk metal. These styles became Celtic metal, Oriental metal and Medieval metal. In the 1990s, folk metal was not well known and there were not many folk metal bands. In the early 2000s, folk metal became a lot more popular. It was very popular in Finland. Some folk metal bands in Finland were Ensiferum, Turisas, Korpiklaani, Finntroll and Moonsorrow. Different bands play folk metal music in different ways. A lot of different instruments are also used. Many bands have six or more members so they can play many different instruments at the same time. A few bands also use keyboards to make the sound of folk instruments. Lyrics in folk metal are normally about nature, fantasy, mythology and history.
Ensiferum is a folk metal band from Helsinki, Finland. The name comes from the Latin word "ensĭfĕrum" which means "sword bearer". (someone who carries a sword) The members of the band call their music "heroic folk metal." Ensiferum has made four albums, one EP, one compilation, three singles, and three demo albums. Musical style. Ensiferum's music has harsh vocals. They are normally mixed with clean vocals for choruses and bridges. The band often plays Metal and folk tunes on lead guitar or keyboard with heavier traditional heavy metal sounds such as gallop rhythm. It is common for them to use acoustic guitar at the start of songs. Their lyrics often deal with fantastical, or historic stories. These stories usually have heroic themes.
was a after "Shōka" and before "Bun'ō." This period started in March 1259 and ended in April 1260. During this time, the emperors were and .
Kenichiro Tokura (born 31 May 1971) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 91||0||3||0||6||0||80||0 91||0||3||0||6||0||80||0
Gahkuch is the capital city of the Ghizar District in Pakistan. It is at 36°10′N, 73°45′E.
The Sicilian defence, usually called just "the Sicilian", is a chess opening, which starts with these moves:  In competitive chess, it is by far the most frequently played reply to the King's Pawn opening (1.e4). 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Now Black decides where to put his KB: on e7 or g7; his QN will probably go to c6. 1.e4 c5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.f4 d6 4.Nf3 g6 5.Bb5 Bg7 6.d3 Instead of 3.f4, a slower game with 3.g3 followed by Bg2 and d3 could be chosen by White.
The King's Gambit is a chess opening which starts with these moves: The opening is called a gambit because White sacrifices a pawn. In exchange for the pawn, White gets better development and opens up lines that can be used to attack/checkmate the black king. It was more popular in the 1800s, when many Black players did not know good ways to play against it.
The Réti opening (or just "the Réti") is a hypermodern chess opening. It starts with 1.Nf3. It was originally devised for sequences like 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 d4 3.b5 Now 2.g3 is as usual as 2.c4 in this opening. The opening can change into many others as pieces develop. This is called transposition.
Barbed wire (also called barb wire) is a kind of wire that is used to make cheap fences. It has sharp metal points (barbs), which make climbing over it painful. The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor. Joseph Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions.  It was first used for controlling cattle and later in trench warfare, and in other places to stop people. Improvements led to the creation of Razor wire, in the 1960's.
A balanced budget amendment is a rule in the United States Constitution that requires the government's yearly budget to spend no more than it earns, so the government does not have to borrow money. Some proposals of the balanced budget amendment allow the government to borrow money (spending more than it earns) during a time of emergency such as war, or if most people in Congress agree it is necessary.
Howard Staunton (1810 – 22 June 1874) was an English chess master. He was the world's strongest player from 1843 to 1851.p391 This is based on his 1843 match victory over the strongest French player, Saint-Amant. Staunton was the main organizer of the first international chess tournament in London 1851. It was organised to help celebrate the 1851 Exhibition at Hyde Park. These events helped to make London the world's leading chess centre. The winner of the tournament, Anderssen, then became recognised as the world's strongest player. Staunton ran a chess column in the "Illustrated London News" from 1845 to his death in 1874. He edited the "Chess Player's Chronicle", the first important chess magazine in English,p297 from 1841 to 1854. He won matches against all the top players of the 1840s.  "He wrote valuable books, particularly the "Chess-player's handbook" of 1847 which... became the standard reference book for English club players down to the end of the century". In 1847 he entered a parallel career as a Shakespearean scholar. Ill health and his two writing careers led him to give up competitive chess after 1851. In 1858 attempts were made to organise a match between Staunton and Morphy, but they failed. Morphy's biographer alleged that Staunton misled Morphy to avoid the match, but Staunton said he had retired from serious play. Staunton's understanding of positional (strategic) play was far ahead of his rivals. His chess articles and books were widely read, and encouraged the development of chess. His "Chess-Player's Handbook" (1847) was a standard text-book for decades. He played and popularised two of the most important modern openings, the Sicilian Defence, and the English Opening. Staunton was a controversial figure in his time, and his chess writings could be spiteful. There is no doubt that he was the supreme figure in the chess world of the mid-19th century. His books, and his writing for newspapers and magazines
Syncope is the medical term for fainting or blacking out. It is a sudden loss of consciousness, usually for a short time. It is mostly because there is not enough oxygen in the brain. It can be for other reasons.  Fainting is quite common. It usually happens in two age ranges: the teenage years, and during older age. The chance of a person fainting at least once in a lifetime is about 40 to 50 percent. Syncope causes 1 to 3 percent of all attendances to emergency departments and 1 to 6 percent of all hospital admissions.
The English Opening, usually just called "the English", is a chess opening for White. It has become the third most popular opening move, after 1.e4 and 1.d4. The opening was developed by the English master Howard Staunton and played in his match against Saint-Amant.p124 As a first move, this may transpose into a Queen's Pawn Game: 1.c4 Nf6 2.d4. That would not be the English opening. The English is a flexible system that includes some or all of these moves: 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6 3.g3 Bg7 4.Bg2 0-0 5.d3 d6 6.Nf3 e5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.Rb1 a5 9.a3 h6 10.b4 axb4 11.axb4 Be6 12.b5 This sequence shows the system fully in operation. White operates in the centre and Q-side; Black operates more on the K-side. 1.c4 e5 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.d3 This has the character of a Sicilian defence reversed. 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 d5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.e5 Here 5...d4, 5...Ne4 and 5...Nfd7 are most often played. This is a quite different line, where the two sides clash early in the centre. Since White does not have to play 3.e4, he could avoid this line. Each of these lines has its own distinct character, and needs to be learnt by the player.
Sebastián Pardo (born 1 January 1982) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for the Chilean national team. Club career statistics. 57||3 87||11 144||14 International career statistics. !Total||1||0
Goran Rubil (born 9 March 1981) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Hajduk Split. Club career statistics. 19||1 11||0 65||5 95||6
Carlos Alberto Costa Dias (born 5 May 1967) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. Club career statistics. 113||20 42||20 155||40 International career statistics. !Total||1||0
Reinaldo Vicente Simão (born 23 October 1968) is a former Brazilian football player. Club career statistics. 50||10||2||0||20||1||72||11 50||10||2||0||20||1||72||11
Ovidiu Burcă (born 16 March 1980) is a Romanian football player. He plays for Energie Cottbus. Club career statistics. 6||0 20||1 110||2 7||0 15||1 158||4
Jussiê Ferreira Vieira (born 19 September 1983) is a Brazilian former football player. He plays for Girondins Bordeaux. Honours. Cruzeiro Lens Bordeaux
Oh Jang-Eun (born 24 July 1985) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team. Club career statistics. 13||0||1||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0 103||15||9||3||35||0||4||2||151||20 116||15||10||3||43||0||4||2||173||20 International career statistics. !Total||10||0
Caíco (born 15 May 1974) is a Brazilian football player. Club career statistics. 13||1||0||0||11||3||24||4 13||1||0||0||11||3||24||4
Argélico Fuchs, previously Argélico Fucks, (born 14 September 1974) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. Club career statistics. 73||5 32||0 93||7 2||0 22||1 222||13 International career statistics. !Total||1||0
Henrique Arlindo Etges (born 15 March 1966) is a Brazilian former professional football player. Club career statistics. 20||0||0||0||3||0||23||0 20||0||0||0||3||0||23||0
Moacir Rodrigues Santos (21 March 1970 – 20 July 2024) was a Brazilian professional football player. He played for Brazil's national team.
Emerson Orlando de Melo (born 2 March 1973) is a former Brazilian football player. Club career statistics. 7||0||3||0||0||0||10||0 7||0||3||0||0||0||10||0
Christoffer Andersson (born 22 October 1978) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Helsingborg. Club career statistics. 255||27 63||3 7||0 325||30 International career statistics. !Total||24||0
was a after "Einin" and before "Kengen". The period started in April 1299 and ended in November 1302. During this time, the emperors were and .
, also known as "Kangen" or "Ken'ei," was a after "Shōan" and before "Kagen." This period started in November 1302 and ended in August 1303. During this time, the emperor was . English translation When I raised my eyes unable to bear the thought of saying goodbye, the moon had hidden its light in the realm above the clouds. "Romaji" transliteration "shitawaruru" "nagori ni taezu" "tsuki o mireba" "kumo no ue ni zo" "kage wa narinuru" Beyond numbering will be the occasions when we two will meet for you are surely destined to live a thousand years. "kimi wa yoshi" "chitose no yawai" "tameotereba" "aimin koto no" "kazu mo shirarezu"
was a after "Kengen" and before "Tokuji." This period started in August 1303 and ended in December 1306. During this time, the emperor was .
Wofford College is a liberal arts college in Spartanburg, South Carolina and currently has about 1,500 students. Wofford's motto is ""Intaminatis fulget honoribus" which means in English ("She shines with untarnished honor""). Wofford's mascot is the terrier and their colors are old gold and black.
was a after "Kagen" and before "Enkyō." This period started in December 1306 and ended in October 1308. During this time, the emperor was .