ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Philip Gidley King (April 23, 1758 – September 3, 1808) was a sailor in the British Royal Navy who became the third Governor of New South Wales. Early life. King was born in Launceston, Cornwall. His father was a draper, selling cloth and fabrics. He joined the navy in 1770 at the age of 12. He was made the captain's servant on the "HMS Swallow". He served in the West Indies and then fought in the American War of Independence. He became a midshipman and later a lieutenant. He served with Captain Arthur Phillip in "HMS Ariadne". He went to India with Phillip in 1783 in the ship "HMS Europe". Phillip was very pleased with King. He made King a lieutenant on HMS "Sirius" when he took the First Fleet to Australia in 1787 to start the penal colony. Norfolk Island. Three weeks after the First Fleet got to Sydney, Governor Phillip sent King to Norfolk Island. His task was to set up a small penal colony that would make use of the timber and flax growing on the island. These would be of use to the British Navy. He arrived at the island on March 3, 1788. There was no safe place to land on the island and this made it a difficult place to have a settlement. King had a group of 23 people including 15 convicts. Over the next two years they began clearing land (removing trees) to grow crops and to raise cattle and other animals. King was made Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island. In March 1790, Phillip sent King back to England. He was to go back and tell the British government about the problems of the new settlements in Australia. King stayed in London for about four months. He married Anna Josepha Coombe on March 11, 1791, and they left for Australia four days later. After reporting to Phillip in Sydney, they were back on Norfolk Island in November, where his son Phillip Parker King was born. Return to Norfolk Island. While he had been away, Norfolk had been governed by Lieutenant-Governor Robert Ross.
The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships that sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787, to start the first European colony in New South Wales. It was the beginning of a plan to send thousands of prisoners to Australia to make convict settlements. The fleet was led by Captain Arthur Phillip. This journey lasted eight months, and used a route across the oceans that had only been used three times; once by Abel Tasman and twice by James Cook. Carrying convicts. The 18th century was a time of great change in Europe, and especially in England. There was an industrial revolution. This was when many machines were being invented for use in large factories. With machines now doing the ordinary tasks of men, people were left without jobs and wages. This made it very difficult to survive. Men, women and even children resorted to theft in order to live. With the rise of machines, farmers were also forced to move to the city to look for jobs. As a result, London had become very overcrowded, and so had the prisons. In fact, prisons had become so overcrowded that convicts had been relegated to hulks (floating prisons).  To solve the problem, the British Government made the decision to settle what is now Australia in order to transport convicts and soldiers to a new penal settlement in Botany Bay. There were 11 ships altogether. Two navy ships, six convict transports and three store ships. The convicts were housed below deck and often further confined behind bars. Conditions were extremely cramped. In many cases the prisoners were restrained in chains and were only allowed on deck for fresh air and exercise. On deck, thick wooden walls were built to separate the convicts from the rest of the ship. The walls had small holes in them so the guards could shoot in case of trouble. The hatches (doors up to the deck) were kept shut with cross bars, bolts and locks. Guards were almost always on duty at each hatch, and a guard with a gun was always on the quarter-deck (back of the ship). People slept in hammocks and there were tables for eating and stools to sit on.  The prisoners were gathered from places throughout
Setesdal is a valley in the county of Aust-Agder, in the south part of Norway . History. Since the 1200s, one can find papers, where the name "Setesdal" , has been written.
Homeopathy is an alternative medicine. It was created in the 18th century by Samuel Hahnemann. The theory behind homeopathy is that an ill person can be healed with very small amounts of something that produces the symptoms of the illness in a healthy person. Scientists have tested and proven many times that homeopathy does not work at all to treat any disease and only makes people think they feel better. (This is called the placebo effect.) Creation. Homeopaths make their medicines by taking the ingredients, adding water, and shaking the mixture. They then take a drop of the mixture, throw out the rest, and add more water. They do this usually 30 times but sometimes up to 200 times. They call it potentisation. Hahnemann said this would bring out the "spirit-like medicinal powers held within a drug". Science can show how many atoms or molecules—tiny things that cannot be divided up any more—of the original substance are left in the homeopathic drug. Most homeopathic drugs do not contain even a single molecule of the original substance. Homeopaths believe that the solution carries a "memory" of the original substance. Science says that goes against the laws of physics and chemistry. Disputes. Homeopathy became popular because it was created at a time when medicine did not work very well and could make people sick. Back then, taking homeopathy might have kept people from getting hurt by bad doctors. However, medicine has improved since then, and now helps a lot more than it hurts people. Some homeopaths have told their patients not to take medicines like antibiotics and vaccines that could cure (or keep them from getting) dangerous diseases. Hence the use of homeopathy, instead of obtaining real medical help, can cause unnecessary suffering, disease and/or death.
Vest-Telemark is the name of an area, in the south of Norway . Some of the towns are: Fyresdal, Tokke, Vinje, Nissedal, Kviteseid, and Seljord. In no area, has one found more traces ( examples or evidence ) of the Old Norse language and grammar.
Shirley Temple, later known as Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014), was an American actress, diplomat, and TV host. She was the first to receive the Academy Juvenile Award in 1934. Acting career. Movies. Temple started her film career at age 3, appearing in short films. She became a superstar in 1934 with the movie "Bright Eyes". She starred in other popular films like "Curly Top", "The Little Colonel", "Dimples", "Wee Willie Winkie", and "The Little Princess". Though her popularity declined as she grew up, some of her teen movies, such as "Since You Went Away", "Fort Apache" (with Henry Fonda and John Wayne), and "The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer" (with Cary Grant and Myrna Loy), became classics. Temple married John Agar in 1945, then Charles Black in 1950, retiring from movies at 22. Television. After focusing on her family, Temple returned to TV in the late 1950s with the show "Shirley Temple's Storybook" on NBC. The series featured dramatizations of fairy tales like "Beauty and the Beast" and stories like "Pippi Longstocking". Well-known stars like Charlton Heston and Agnes Moorehead appeared on the show, which was nominated for an Emmy Award in children's programming. The show ended after two seasons. Politics. Temple became active in the Republican Party in California. She ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1967. She was involved with the Commonwealth Club of California and served as its president in 1984. She served as a U.S. Representative to the United Nations (1969) under President Nixon, and was the U.S. Ambassador to Ghana (1974–1976) under President Ford. She was the first female Chief of Protocol of the United States (1976–1977) and later became the U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992) under President George H. W. Bush. Illness and death. Temple had breast cancer in the early 1970s and had a mastectomy. She died on February 10, 2014 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at her Woodside, California home, at the age of 85.
Stev is a form of poetry. It can be found in lyric poetry from Scandinavia. Stev are made of stanzas, that have four lines The different types of stev. There are different types of stev: The people who can perform stev. A person who can perform a stev, is known as a kveder (a type of artist). Aslak Brekke is possibly the most well known of those who have been recorded. A kveder from Setesdal, when performing stev, usually sings more slowly, than a kveder from Telemark. One reason for this may be that the text of Setesdal stev are usually more meditative (or elegiac).
The "Wario" series is a series of games that star Wario and a spin-off of the "Mario" series. It started out with ', and has grown to have its new spin-off series with ' Characters. "WarioWare". "WarioWare" adds many new characters who are employees of Wario's company, WarioWare. Games. Appearances in the "Super Smash Bros." series. The series' first appearance in the "Super Smash Bros." series was in "Super Smash Bros. Melee", but it was only as a collectible trophy. In "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", Wario is a playable character, and can be in both his biker outfit from "WarioWare" or his plumber outfit from "Wario Land". There is also a level based on "WarioWare", collectible trophies and stickers from his series, and music from the "WarioWare" series.
Nintendo Research &amp; Development 1, also known as Nintendo R&amp;D1, was a division of Nintendo. They were responsible for the "Metroid" series and the "WarioWare" series, among others. They were merged with Nintendo R&amp;D2 in 2004.
Uncle Bill “Tappy” Tapia (born January 1, 1908 – December 2, 2011) was an American musician, born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents were Portuguese. At age 10, Tapia already had been a professional musician, playing “Stars and Stripes Forever” for World War I soldiers in Hawaii.  His long career started in Vaudeville and soon after he became a jazz guitarist and ukulele player. He has worked with big names such as Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, and Elvis Presley and also worked with Hawaiian musicians such as King Bennie Nawahi, Sol Ho‘opi’i and Andy Iona. People think that Tapia is the first musician to play jazz on the ukulele.
A punch is when a person puts their hand in a fist and thrusts it forward. This can be used for combat, or in some sports like boxing. Punch is the name of the blows that are thrown with the closed fist, striking, usually to other person, with the purpose of defence or attack. The technique of the normal punch is performed closing the fist and striking with it. The fist is formed in a horizontal line along with the arm, being the element of usage of all the force performed the arm. There is other kind of punch in which the fist is placed vertically (with the palm of the hand directing towards a side instead of towards down) and directing slightly towards down in relation to the arm, in form where the fingers that blow are only the index finger and the ring finger. It is this latter the punch used usually in Kung-fu and the advised to person who had not had a proper training (because in this form it is much more difficult injury the wrist in case of doing it badly). The punch is used, with different names and different techniques, in many martial arts, and also in systems of personal defence and attack without weapons, like in Tai-Jitsu.
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the point of the game is usually to interact with the music. The genre has had many different types of music games, including games that use guitar controllers, drum controllers, and some that use a dance mat that the player has to dance on. Guitar Hero is a well-known music video game.
Tempo (Italian for 'time' from the Latin "tempus") is the speed of a song or piece of music. It is measured in beats per minute, or BPM. For example, if a song has 4 beats per bar at 100 BPM, there will be 25 bars per minute.  Basic tempo markings. From slowest to fastest: Terms for tempo change:
The United States secretary of defense (SecDef) is the head of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), the executive department of the U.S. Armed Forces. The position was established in 1947 with the National Security Act, which aimed to unify and coordinate the various branches of the military under a single executive authority. The defense secretary serves as the principal defense policy advisor to the president and is responsible for overseeing the Department of Defense, making decisions on military strategy, personnel, and budgetary issues. The first person to hold this title was James Forrestal. Subject only to the orders of the president, the secretary of defense is in the chain of command and exercises command and control over all DoD-controlled service branches the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Space Forceas well as the Coast Guard when its command and control is transferred to the Department of Defense. The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military adviser to the secretary of defense and the president. Over the decades, the role has changed significantly, especially during major conflicts such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. This role has increasingly emphasized not only military preparedness and operations but also the integration of defense with international relations and national security priorities. Pete Hegseth is the current secretary of defense. He was nominated by President-elect Donald Trump and confirmed by the Senate on January 25, 2025.
Yoshio Sakamoto is a video game developer for Nintendo who works in Nintendo R&amp;D 1. He was the co-creator of the "Metroid" series along with Gunpei Yokoi, and is in charge of most of the games released after Yokoi's death. He also works on "Wario" games, including games in the "Wario Land" series and the "WarioWare" series. He founded "Team Shikamaru", which is dedicated to script writing.
An arcade game is a machine that is played using coins. Arcade games are found in restaurants, pubs, video arcades, and other places. Tabletop pinball games and video games are two common kinds of arcade games.  The earliest arcade games were introduced at the end of the 19th century. Their popularity declined in the Western world during the 2000s, in Asian regions ten years thereafter. The Apple App store categorized some apps into a category called "Arcade". One game that is in this category is Tiny Wings.
Two and a Half Men is an American sitcom which was first shown on CBS on September 22, 2003 and ended on February 19, 2015. The series centers around a man named Charlie, whose lifestyle is interrupted when his brother Alan (who had just been divorced from his wife) moves in to his Malibu, California house, along with Alan's son Jake. The show has temporarily stopped because it was announced that Charlie Sheen was entering rehab. On March 7, 2011, the network fired Charlie Sheen from "Two and a Half Men". The network did not state if the show would go on or not. The show is rated M in New Zealand for drug references and sexual references. Awards and nominations. The show has received lots of nominations, including 23 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and 2 Golden Globe nominations. Conchata Ferrell and Holland Taylor were both nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series, in 2005 and 2007 (and Taylor again in 2008). Jon Cryer was nominated three times for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Comedy Series (in 2006, 2007 and 2008) and Charlie Sheen was nominated for the Outstanding Lead Actor - Comedy Series in 2006, 2007 and 2008, along with two Golden Globe nominations in 2005 and 2006 for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Picture Editor Joe Bella received two Emmys in the category Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Series, for the episodes "That Special Tug" (2006) and "Release the Dogs" (2007). Martin Sheen was nominated for the Outstanding Guest Actor - Comedy Series Emmy in 2006.
Real Oviedo is a Spanish football Club. It was founded in March 26 1926. Its home stadium is Carlos Tartiere in Oviedo. Real Oviedo has won the Spanish League Cup once. Seasons. Real Oviedo was relegated to "Tercera División" due to financial problems in 2003. Real Oviedo have played in season 2008/09 at "Tercera División", the fourth category in Spanish football. It finished in first place in regular tournament, which allowed to play a play-off to promote to "Segunda División B". Real Oviedo have won a place in "Segunda División B" beating Mallorca B in play-off matches.
"Break a leg" is an expression from Britain. (Here, an "expression" means a particular way of saying something.) It can mean about the same as "good luck". This expression was used in theaters by actors. Before an actor went on stage, other actors could wish that he or she had good luck in their work. Then, a co-worker could say "Break a leg!". When the expression is used like this, it is a form of irony.
The Black Parade is Dead! is a CD/DVD by My Chemical Romance it was recorded live in Mexico. Track listing.  CD All songs written and composed by My Chemical Romance. From the Palacio de los Deportes in Mexico City, Mexico on October 7, 2007 DVD From the Palacio de los Deportes in Mexico City, Mexico on October 7, 2007[4] From Maxwell's in Hoboken, New Jersey, on October 24, 2007[4]
BBC Two is a television channel in the United Kingdom. It began broadcasting on 20 April 1964, and was the third television channel in the United Kingdom. BBC Two was also the first channel in the whole of Europe to change to colour in 1967. Controllers. This is a list of the controllers of BBC Two. As of August 2008, the controller of BBC Two was Roly Keating. He took up the post in June 2004. Keating was formerly the controller of BBC Four. He became controller after Jane Root departed in May 2004 to become the executive vice president and general manager of the US-based Discovery Channel. Jane Root was appointed in 1999 and was the first woman to be appointed controller of a BBC television channel. On 20 January 2016, Kim Shillinglaw announced that she was leaving the BBC and her job as Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four. As a result of a reorganisation, the position was closed, but it was reopened just over a year later.
The olm or proteus ("Proteus anguinus") is an amphibian, native to the underground waters of the Dinaric karst that flow through the Soča river basin near Trieste in Italy, through to southern Slovenia, southwestern Croatia, and Herzegovina. It is the only species in the genus "Proteus", the only European species of the family Proteidae, and the only European cave-dwelling chordate. It is also called the human fish or humanfish, because of its human-like skin (translated literally from Slovenian: "Človeška ribica" and Croatian: "Čovječja ribica"), Cave Salamander, or White Salamander.
Billie Paul Piper (born Leian Paul Piper, 22 September 1982, in Swindon, Wiltshire) is an English singer and actress. She began her career in the late 1990s as a pop singer. Later on, she moved to acting. Her most famous role is as Rose Tyler, a companion to the Doctor in the television series "Doctor Who". She played this role from 2005 to 2006, and also reprised it in 2008 and 2010. Career. Music. Piper's first chance in the entertainment world came when she was a teenager, when she was selected to appear on the Saturday morning kids' television show "Scratchy and Co". Piper later got a role in a television commercial promoting the pop magazine "Smash Hits". In 1996 she sang on a backing song Nobody's Business. It was a dance track by h20. Soon after she was offered a record deal at the age of fifteen, and in 1998 became the youngest artist ever to start at number one in the UK Singles Chart with "Because We Want To", released under the artist name "Billie". Her follow-up single "Girlfriend" also started at number one and her first album, "Honey to the B" (released immediately afterwards) started at Number 14 in the UK album charts. She released two further singles off the album, "She Wants You" and "Honey to the B"; both songs started at Number 3.  Piper then took a year to record her second album. She decided to release more records under her full name, Billie Piper. She returned to the Singles Chart in May 2000 with a new, sexier sound. She hit the Number 1 spot with "Day &amp; Night", but her success was not to carry on. She waited until the following September to release "Something Deep Inside". That reached Number 4 in the UK Singles Chart. In October 2000, Piper released her second album, "Walk of Life", which reached Number 14 in the UK Album Chart. The song "Walk of Life", the last single off this album, was released in
The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy television series that was shown on BBC Three. It was also a radio programme. Since the television series, there have been live tours of it. The first series is about two zookeepers called Howard and Vince. The second series is also about them but is set in a flat. The third is set in a shop. History. Fielding first met Barratt after seeing him perform his solo stand-up performance at the Hellfire Comedy Club in the Wycombe Swan theatre. The pair soon found that they shared comic interests, formed a double act, and "decided to be the new Goodies". After their first performance together at a bar in London in April 1998, Barratt and Fielding developed their zookeeper characters - Howard Moon and Vince Noir, respectively - in a series of sketches for Paramount Comedy’s "Unnatural Acts". It was here that they also met Rich Fulcher, who would become Bob Fossil. Fielding’s friend Dave Brown and Fielding's own brother Michael also became regular collaborators. The Boosh soon produced three stage shows - "The Mighty Boosh" (1998), "Arctic Boosh" (1999) and "Autoboosh" (2000) - all of them were at the Edinburgh Fringe. With the success of "Autoboosh", a radio series was commissioned by the BBC. Produced by Danny Wallace, "The Boosh" was first broadcast in 2001 on BBC London Live, later moving to BBC Radio 4, from which the team were given a half-hour television show of the same name. The first eight-part series, directed by Paul King, was then commissioned for BBC Three and broadcast in 2004, with a second of six episodes the following year. The second series moved away from the zoo setting, and instead Howard, Vince, Naboo the shaman and Bollo the talking ape living in a flat in Dalston. In 2006, the Boosh returned to theatre with "The Mighty Boosh Live", which featured a new story entitled "The Ruby of Kukundu". Theatre. Original stage shows. "The Mighty Boosh" (1998). Main article
An "Encyclical" originally was a letter sent by a bishop to all churches of a particular area.  In the Roman Catholic Church, the term is only used for letters sent by popes.  The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion still use the word in its original meaning.