ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Seneca the Elder ( Lucius or Marcus Annaeus Seneca, born about 54BC, died about 39AD) was a Roman rhetorician and writer. His main work is "Controversiae". "Controversiea" is a ten volume work. In it, he treats 74 cases that are commonly seen by rhetoricians. His other main work is "Suasoriae" (Councils). In it, he shows seven examples of how to respond in common cases.  He is the father of the philosopher, poet and politician, Seneca the Younger
Cornwall is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. The population of Cornwall was 47,845 in 2021. The mayor of Cornwall is Justin Towndale. The first European settlement in Cornwall was established in 1784 although Aboriginal peoples lived in and around the area for millennia. The name originally "New Johnstown" then the name was officially changed after and was named "Cornwall" after the Duke of Cornwall, Prince George, in 1834. Media. CJSS 1220 CJOH CTV
Barkly is a very small town in Victoria, Australia, about 180 kilometres northwest of Melbourne. It is located near the junction of the roads from Landsborough to Redbank, and from Frenchmans to St Arnaud. It is close to the western side of the St Arnaud Range National Park. The area was first called the Navarre Diggings after gold was found in June 1859 by a group led by James Law (1827-1910). It was about six miles from the Navarre township. This caused a gold rush and there were soon about 700 people on the diggings. At the peak of the rush, there were over 6000 people in the area digging for gold. James Law, who had come to Australia from Scotland, was given a reward of 150 pounds for being the first person to find gold. Other members of his group, John Fewster, W.R. Marshall and George Mill also were rewarded. The name was changed to Barkly on 1 November 1861, after the Governor of Victoria, Sir Henry Barkly. The name was changed by the local gold warden, Mr. Warden Alley, a government official in charge of the diggings. A school was started, the Barkly Common School. A cemetery, now called the Pioneer Cemetery, was begun close to the original diggings. The town of Barkly developed about two miles from this area, and a new cemetery was opened. Barkly has a small Anglican church, a hall, and a few houses. The school has been closed and the buildings removed. There is a rose and lavender farm which is open to the public during the year. A headstone was placed on James Law's grave on 5 May, 1985. In 1996 a memorial stone was placed at the site of the first gold discovery.
Peterborough is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. The population of Peterborough was 45,965 in 2006. The mayor of Peterborough is Bob Kilger. Adam Scott, a settler, began construction of a sawmill and gristmill on the west shore of the Otonabee River and established the area as "Scott's Plains". In 1822, the British Parliament approved an experimental emigration plan which would transport poor Irish families to Upper Canada. The scheme was managed by Peter Robinson, who was at the time a politician in York (present-day Toronto). The area of Scott's Plains was renamed "Peterborough" in Robinson's honour. During 1850, Peterborough was incorporated as a town and grew to a population of 2,191. The town of Peterborough later grew into a city on July 1, 1905. Media. CKRU 1430 CKWF 101.5
Sledge hockey (known as sled hockey in the United States) is a sport that is designed to allow players who have a physical disability to play sport.  Ice sledge hockey was invented in Sweden in the 1960s at a rehabilitation center.  Ice sledge hockey equipment. On the other side it has six to eight metal teeth for maneuvering and propulsion. Movement is done by using the metal teeth. The metal teeth cannot be longer than 1 centimeter beyond the stick, to help stop damage to the ice or injure of other players. Ice sledge hockey in Kolín. People who live in Kolín see ice sledge hockey as a normal sport. Kolín's team are on the top of table. Kolín's ice hockey players won last season. Many of Kolín's players play in Czech republic's representation.
The country of Azerbaijan is a republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government. The Constitution of Azerbaijan makes the President the Commander-in-Chief of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the President of Azerbaijan has more powers than the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan and the National Assembly of Azerbaijan. The President is directly elected by the people for a five-year term and can be re-elected without any limit. The President cannot be put on trial or put in prison during his term. The President can call a national referendum for important issues for the country, such as changing the articles of the Constitution, because a referendum is necessary for changing the Constitution. The Constitution also allows the President to be a member of a political party. The current President of Azerbaijan is Ilham Aliyev. The list includes all the presidents that lead the country after it became independent in 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed the same year. This is a complete list of the Presidents of Azerbaijan. "For leaders before independence, see List of leaders of Azerbaijan"
Bullet-proof glass, or bullet-resistant glass, is a type of strong, clear material that resists bullets. Complete protection against all weapons is not possible. It is usually made from two or more types of material, one hard and one soft. The softer layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex (bend) instead of shatter. There must be a clear view through the glass. Bulletproof glass varies in thickness from three-quarters of an inch to three inches. A popular method is stick a special plastic film to the inner surface of ordinary glass. This 'security laminate' bonds to the glass with an adhesive. This gives a protection similar to the multi-layered bullet-resistant glass. Transparency is better, tint-free; thickness and weight is reduced as much as 50-70%. The laminate can be stuck on to existing windows; this a called a 'retrofit'. Methods. The concept. The plastic provides little bullet-resistance. Glass, much harder than plastic, flattens the bullet. The plastic deforms, absorbing energy and (perhaps) stopping the bullet. The ability of the plastic layer to stop projectiles is directly proportional to its thickness. Bulletproof glass may be up to three inches thick. The materials. All the parts of the glass must be transparent. The essential components are these: The most usual method today requires three parts in layers: Simpler version. A simpler version is used for car windshields. It consists of two panels of toughened glass, bonded together with polyvinyl butyal (PVB). The PVB stops cracks in the outer glass from spreading. Latest ideas. One-way. The idea is for guards inside to be able to shoot out, while attackers can't shoot in. One-way bulletproof glass is usually made of only two layers, a brittle layer on the outside and a flexible one on the inside. A bullet fired from the outside hits the brittle layer first, shattering an area of it. This absorbs some of the bullet's kinetic energy, and spreads it on a larger area. When the slowed bullet hits the flexible layer, it is stopped. However, when a bullet is fired from the inside, it hits the flexible layer first. The
Digital certificates are electronic 'credit cards' that establish your credentials when doing a business or other transactions on the Web. It is issued by a certification authority (CA). It contains your name, a serial number, expiration dates, a copy of the certificate holder's public key (used for encrypting messages and digital signatures), and the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that a recipient can verify that the certificate is real. Some digital certificates conform to a standard, X.509. Digital certificates can be kept in registries so that authenticating users can look up other users' public keys. Types of digital certificate. • Class 1 defines the certificate that does not hold any legal validity as the validation process is based only on a valid email ID and involves no direct verification. • Class 2 category states that a person's identity is to be verified against a trusted,pre-verified database. • Class 3 requires the person to present himself or herself in front of the registration authority and prove his or her identity.
was a Japanese daimyo in the Tōhoku region during the Azuchi-Momoyama period and Edo period. He was known as the because he lost the use of an eye.  Date clan. In the Edo period, the Date clan were identified as one of the "tozama" or outsider clans, in contrast with the "fudai" or insider "daimyō" clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan. Date sent troops which fought with the Tokugawa during the Battle of Sekigahara. Sendai-kō. The feudal daimyō were sometimes identified with the suffix "-kō" (servant) combined with the name of a place or a castle.  In 1601, Date built the Sendai castle; and the modern-day city of Sendai developed around it. Sendai"-kō" was one of the ways Date Masamune was described. Keichō Embassy. In 1613-1620, Date sent Hasekura Tsunenaga on a diplomatic mission to the courts of Philip III of Spain in Madrid and Pope Paul V in Rome. This historic visit is called the . Legacy. In 1991, a minor planet or main-belt asteroid 6859 Datemasamune was named after this Edo period historical figure.
Laura Feiersinger (born 5 April 1990 in Saalfelden, Austria) is an Austrian football player. She plays for FC Bayern München as a striker. Her father, Wolfgang Feiersinger, was a player for Borussia Dortmund and the Austrian women's national football team. Career. She started playing football for the SV Oftering. From 2001 till 2008 she played for 1. SK Saalfelden and later vor FC Pinzgau Saalfelden, a club coming out of the fusion between 1. Saalfeldner SK und ESV Saalfelden, the second club in Saalfelden. 2008 she went to USK Hof, the champion of the 2nd league west and played in the play off matches versus SV Groß-Schweinbarth. Together with Hof she was promoted to the ÖFB Frauenliga. In 2010 she went to Germany and joined Herforder SV. They were promoted to the Bundesliga in this season. In 2011–12 she went to FC Bayern München and debuted on 21 August 2011 versus Bayer Leverkusen. In 2016 she went on to SC Sand, and in 2018 she went to 1. FFC/Eintracht Frankfurt. Laura Feiersinger played for the Austrian U17 and U19 team and since 2010 in the Austrian women football national team. International goals. "Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first:
Frank Donald Drake PhD (May 28, 1930 – September 2, 2022) was an American astronomer (a scientist who studies the universe and what is inside it) and astrophysicist (someone who studies the physics of astronomy). He is most famous for joining in the first new SETI (Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence) experiment in 1960 and for making the Drake equation. Early Life. Born on the 28th of May 1930 in Chicago to Richard and Winifred Drake. As a young boy in Chicago, Drake loved electronics and chemistry. He says that he thought of life on other planets but never talked about the idea with his family or teachers. He enrolled at Cornell University on a Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps scholarship. Once there, he began studying astronomy. A lecture from astrophysist Otto Struve in 1951 strengthen Drake's ideas about the possibility of extraterrestrial life. After college, he served briefly as an electronics officer on the USS Albany. He then went on to graduate school at Harvard in radio astronomy. Drake's hobbies included lapidary and orchid cultivation. Career. Drake started his career undertaking radio astronomical research at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Green Bank, West Virginia, and for a short time in 1963 at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He conducted key measurements which revealed the presence of a Jovian ionosphere and magnetosphere. In 1960, he started Project Ozma, which searches for extraterrestrial life. Drake is one of the pioneers of the modern field of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence with Giuseppe Cocconi, Philip Morrison, Iosif Shklovsky, and Carl Sagan.  Drake joined the Astronomy faculty of Cornell University in 1963. Drake lead the conversion of the Arecibo Observatory to a radio astronomical facility. He lead Arecibo's improvements in 1974 and 1996. As a researcher, Drake was involved in the early work on pulsars. Drake was a professor at Cornell University and Director of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center – the formal name for the Arecibo facility. In 197
Pope Alexander III (; c. 1100 – 30 August 1181), born Orlando Bandinelli, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 171st Pope. He was Pope from 1159 to 1181. Early life. He was born in Siena. He was a member of the Bandinelli family. Cardinal. In 1150, Pope Eugene III made Bandinelli a Cardinal. Pope. Cardinal Bandinelli was elected pope on September 7, 1159; and he chose the name Alexander III. His papacy was disputed by Antipope Victor IV, Antipope Paschal III, Antipope Calixtus III and Antipope Innocent III. Pope Alexander was involved in Italian and European political disputes. Alexander's support for Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, did not resolve conflicts with the Henry II of England. After Becket was murdered, Alexander canonized him.
Clement VII (; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 119th Pope from 1523 to 1534. Early life. Giulio di Medici was born in Florence one month after his father's death. He was the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and he was a cousin of Pope Leo X. Bishop. Leo X made Medici the Archbishop of Florence. Cardinal. On 23 September 1513, Medici was made cardinal. Pope. In 1523, Cardinal Medici was elected pope. He chose to be called Clement VII. Pope Clement was involved in Italian and European political disputes.[3] Clement ordered Michelangelo's painting of "The Last Judgment" in the Sistine Chapel.
Suzanne Somers (October 16, 1946 – October 15, 2023) was an American actress, singer and business woman. She was born in San Bruno, California. In 1977, she married Canadian producer Alan Hamel. She appeared in many television series. Somers is best known for playing the part of Chrissy Snow on the first five seasons of "Three's Company". She was fired by ABC after she want to be paid the same as her male co-star John Ritter. She later made her comeback with the shows "She's the Sheriff" (which was syndicated) and "Step by Step" (which aired on ABC). She has written many bestselling books. Somers was diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer in 2000. She had a lumpectomy and recovered. She was criticized for her strong views about medical subjects. Her promotions of alternative cancer treatments had been subject to criticism from American Cancer Society. Somers died at her home in Palm Springs, California on October 15, 2023 from breast cancer, one day before her 77th birthday.
Cape Mendocino is a geographic feature of the coastline of Northern California that is the westernmost point of the Californian coast in Humboldt County. The cape was named in the 1540s after Antonio de Mendoza, the viceroy of New Spain. History. Cape Mendocino has been known as a landmark since the 16th century. Spanish ships crossed the Pacific Ocean by following the Pacific trade winds. The North Equatorial Current brought them to the North American coastline. After their landfall, the Manila galleons would sail down the coast to Acapulco, Mexico. Francis Drake sighted Cape Mendocino in 1576. Hasekura Tsunenaga sailed from Japan to Cape Mendocino in 1613 on a diplomatic mission. Hasekura was traveling to the courts of Philip II of Spain and Pope Paul V. Geology. The Cape Mendocino region is an active earthquake zone. In April 1992, three major earthquakes had their epicenters near the cape. The Mendocino Triple Junction is west of the cape and under the Pacific Ocean. It is a geologic triple junction, and three tectonic plates come together. The San Andreas Fault, a transform boundary, runs south from the junction and separates the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. To the north is the Cascadia subduction zone, where the Gorda Plate is being subducted under the edge of the North American Plate. Running west from the Mendocino Triple Junction is the Mendocino Fracture Zone, the transform boundary between the Gorda Plate and the Pacific Plate.
David William Heath (born February 16, 1969) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for competing with the World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring name, Gangrel. As Gangrel, he was known for forming the professional wrestling stable, The Brood. He portrayed a vampire gimmick and would wear fangs, come down to the ring with a goblet of blood and drink from it and gave other wrestlers blood baths.
Plucked string instruments are instruments that are plucked either by fingerpicking or a pick. Examples of this are guitars, ukuleles, lutes, bass guitars, mandolins and banjos. Plucked string instruments usually have strings, which when plucked, produces a vibration, producing sound. This sound gets amplified, either through a soundbox or electric amplifier.
Duluth is a city in northeast Minnesota next to Lake Superior and next to Superior, Wisconsin. It is the westernmost U.S. city on the Great Lakes. While the lake has an average elevation of 602 feet above sea level, the adjacent hills rise and an additional 800 feet above it. Duluth is the county seat of Saint Louis County. It is the fourth largest city in Minnesota. At the 2020 census, Duluth had 86,697 people. Duluth is the second largest city on Lake Superior after Thunder Bay, Ontario. It has the largest metropolitan area on Lake Superior. The Duluth MSA had 280,384 people in 2020. Duluth forms a metropolitan area with Superior, Wisconsin called the "Twin Ports".  The harbor at Duluth-Superior is accessible to ocean-going vessels from the Atlantic Ocean away via the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway. Together the two cities are the Great Lakes' largest port transporting coal, iron ore (taconite), and grain. Scenic Lake Superior and rugged coastline with its interesting geologic features make the Duluth area an important tourist destination for the Midwest, with a variety of activities and points of interest available to visitors. During summers, many music festivals take place on the waterfront and the Canal Park area restaurants and shops attract hundreds of thousands visitors. In the fall, visitors flock to Duluth and locations along the North Shore of Lake Superior to take in the colorful leaves and scenic vistas among the many waterfalls along Highway 61. Each year, 16,000 people come to Duluth to run the "Grandma's Marathon", with thousands more in attendance to show their support. In the winter, the same rugged geology that provides a scenic backdrop for the city provides many months of downhill skiing and other winter activities at Spirit Mountain. Families also flock to Bentleyvilleto take in the holiday displays that light the night. Each January, the 300 mile Johnbear Grease Sled Dog Marathonbegins in Duluth. America's only all-freshwater aquarium, the Great Lakes Aquarium. Duluth is known for the Aerial Lift Bridge, which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth
In psychology, frustration is a common emotional way to act when things go wrong. It is a feeling of being angry and sad when something one wants or wishes for does not happen.  In physics, frustration (or geometrical frustration) is a property of water molecules in ice when a freezing crystal is formed. The presence of random or conflicting atoms stop the ice from being completely frozen. It is called "water ice".
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. The war sparks because of Bangladesh liberation war, on 21 November India start his invasion on East Pakistan in response West Pakistan airstrikes on Indian air bases on 3 december and all out war broke account.  During the war, Indian and Pakistani forces fought on the eastern and western fronts. The war effectively came to an end after the Eastern Command of the Pakistani Armed Forces signed the Instrument of Surrender (1971) on December 16, 1971. After the surrender, East Pakistan seceded as the independent state of Bangladesh. Around ~90,000 West Pakistanis who were in East Pakistan at the time of its independence, including some 79,700 Pakistan Army soldiers and paramilitary personnel and 12,500 civilians, were taken as prisoners of war by India.  Major Battles. Battle of Chumb&lt;br&gt;Battle of Hilli&lt;br&gt;Tank ambush at Kushtia &lt;br&gt;Battle of Ashuganj&lt;br&gt;Battle of Fazilka Western and Soviet involvement. The Soviet Union sided with the Bangladeshis, and supported the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini during the war. The Soviets thought that the independence of Bangladesh would weaken the position of its rivals—the United States and China. The USSR gave assurances to India that if a confrontation with the United States or China developed, it would take counter-measures. This assurance was enshrined in the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty signed in August 1971. The United States supported Pakistan politically and with supplies. President Richard Nixon and his Secretary of State Henry Kissinger feared Soviet expansion into South and Southeast Asia. Pakistan was a close ally of the People's Republic of China, with whom Nixon had been negotiating a "rapprochement". Nixon was planning to visit China in February 1972. Nixon feared that an Indian invasion of West Pakistan would give the Soviets control over the region. It would seriously undermine the global position of the United States and the regional position of America's new tacit ally, China. In order to demonstrate to China the "bona fides" of the United States as an
Long Buckby is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England, midway between Northampton and Rugby. In the 2001 census the parish of Long Buckby (which includes the hamlet of Long Buckby Wharf) had a population of exactly 4,000. It is a part of the Daventry district. In the local elections of 2007 the Conservatives retained the seat but with a smaller majority than previous elections.
Malay Wikipedia (Malay: Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, Jawi script: ويکيڤيديا بهاس ملايو, abbreviation: mswiki) is the Malay version of Wikipedia. Started in October 2002, currently has over articles as in November 2011. It is the 29th largest edition.