ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Governor of California from 1943 to 1953. Warren ran for Vice-President in 1948 as a Republican, but lost to Alben W. Barkley in a close election. Warren was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Bakersfield before moving to Oakland. He served in World War I.  In 1925, he became District Attorney of Alameda County, and later Attorney General of California. In 1953, he became Chief Justice of the United States.  He was Chief Justice when the Supreme Court issued "Brown v. Board of Education" and "Miranda vs. Arizona". These two cases were very important civil rights cases in the United States. Warren was also in control of the Warren Commission. It looked into a possible conspiracy in the killing of President Kennedy. Warren retired from the Court in 1969, and died in Washington, D.C., in 1974.
Abstract art is modern art which does not represent images of our everyday world. It has colour, lines and shapes (form), but they are not intended to represent objects or living things. Often the artists were influenced by ideas and philosophies of abstraction. Abstract art is found in painting and in sculpture. There are also many works of art which are partly abstract, and partly representational. Many artists worked in abstract and other types of modern art. Purely abstract art is a 20th-century invention. It grew out of the earlier forms of modern art, but it is perhaps the one movement which is absolutely modern. It has no roots in earlier art (as we use the term today). Abstract art challenges viewers to interpret and engage with the artwork on an emotional or intellectual level, rather than focusing on realistic representation. Early years. One of the first to achieve complete abstract paintings was Kazimir Malevich, who presented a completely black square in 1913. He was a Suprematist, an art movement based on simple geometrical shapes. Art based on geometry is a kind of geometric abstraction. Wassily Kandinsky painted a famous work "Composition VII" in 1913, which was completely abstract and very complex. The case of Manierre Dawson, an American from Chicago, is very interesting. During a tour of Europe in 1910, he started painting true abstract works. Back in the United States, he became convinced that he could not earn a living at art, and became a farmer. He was forgotten until a rediscovery in 1963. He may have been the first person to paint a completely abstract work. There are many hundreds of other artists who painted abstracts. Piet Mondrian and the sculptor Henry Moore deserve mention for their wide influence on other artists. Abstract expressionism. After World War II, abstract art became a dominant form of art in the United States, with some outstanding exponents. Immigrants such as Mondrian, Max Ernst and Mark Rothko, and native-born Americans such as Barnett Newman and Jackson Pollock became almost household names. Abstract expressionism is the name given to the American post-World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to
Myelin is a substance that forms the coating of axons in the brain and the rest of the central nervous system. This coating is also known as the myelin sheath. It is a substance made of about 80% lipid and 20% protein. Its main function is to speed the relay of electricity messages in the nervous system. It is milky white and slippery in appearance and texture, giving rise to the term "white matter" in the brain. Myelin is an important part of proper neural function. In later life, a process called demyelination can occur, causing poor neural function. Demyelination may be a cause of Alzheimer's disease. Multiple sclerosis happens when myelin is damaged.
Chemical composition is the arrangement, type, and ratio of atoms in molecules of chemical substances. Chemical composition varies when chemicals are added or subtracted from a substance, when the ratio of substances changes, or when other chemical changes occur in chemicals. Chemical formulas show this information. The chemical composition of a substance determines the intramolecular forces and properties of the substance. This means that the way atoms are put together in something determines the color, density, strength, texture and other properties of the thing. Chemists can use tests to learn the chemical composition of a substance, including a pH test, flammability test, heavy metal test etc.  A particular chemical has a particular ratio of its atoms, allowed by their valence (chemistry). An example is Hydrogen Fluoride, or HF, which has 1 Hydrogen atom in ratio to every 1 Fluorine atom. This substance has strong intramolecular forces of attraction because it is a hydrogen bond.
London Zoo is the world's oldest scientific zoo. It was opened in London on 27 April 1828, and was originally intended to be used as a collection for scientific study. It was eventually opened to the public in 1847. Today it has a collection of 673 species of animals, with 19,789 individuals, making it one of the largest collections in the United Kingdom. It is managed by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), established in 1826. It is at the northern edge of Regent's Park, on the boundary line between City of Westminster and Camden (the Regent's Canal runs through it). The Society also has a larger site at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo in Bedfordshire to which the larger animals such as elephants and rhinos have been moved. As well as being the first scientific zoo, ZSL London Zoo also opened the first Reptile house (1849), first public Aquarium (1853), first insect house (1881) and the first children's zoo (1938). ZSL receives no state funding and relies on 'Fellows', 'Friends', 'Members', entrance fees and sponsorship to get income. However, the ZSL's nearby "Institute of Zoology" may get public grants as a scientific institution. It has an international reputation in bioconservation.
Ramon Sessions (born April 11, 1986) is a professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball at the University of Nevada for three years before entering the 2007 NBA Draft. The Milwaukee Bucks chose him with the 56the pick of the draft. On April 14, 2008, Sessions scored 20 points and had 24 assists in a game against the Chicago Bulls. Although the Bucks lost this game to the Bucks, Sessions set a Bucks record for the most assists by one player in a game. In September 2009, Sessions signed a contract to join the Minnesota Timberwolves. The Timberwolves traded him to the Cleveland Cavaliers in July 2010. Sessions was then traded to the Los Angeles Lakers in March 2012.
Len Brown (born ) was the 1st mayor of Auckland in New Zealand and a lawyer. He was elected mayor of Manukau in October 2007, the second time he ran for that office. He won the 2010 Auckland mayoral election on 9 October 2010 and was sworn in as mayor of Auckland on 1 November 2010. His term ended in 2016. Early years. He was born in Taumarunui, and his family moved to Otara in Auckland when he was seven years old. He attended Mayfield Primary School, Papatoetoe Intermediate School and De La Salle College. He has fond memories of his early life, saying "they were generous, generous days". His life growing up has been described as centred on family, church, school and community, while parents Tom and Ngaire were described as strong believers in social equity and social justice as well as active in the community life. While he did not grow up in Auckland, his family often travelled to see relatives there, because his parents had moved to Taumarunui from South Auckland. Brown worked as a lawyer. He was a partner at law firm Wynyard Wood, and co-founded the Howick Free Legal Service. Political career. He was first elected to the Manukau City council in 1992, and continued as councillor until 2004 when he did not run for re-election. He was also the chairperson of the Counties Manukau Health Council from 1998. Brown first ran for mayor of Manukau in 2004, and narrowly lost to long serving mayor Sir Barry Curtis; he lost by fewer than 600 votes. Brown had considered requesting a re-count due to the closeness of the vote, but decided that he had not been close enough to warrant it. Despite his affiliation with the New Zealand Labour Party since age 17, Brown did not run for election in the 2005 General Election, and instead returned to working for Wynyard Wood. Mayor of Manukau. Brown announced that he was running to be the Mayor of Manukau in 2006. Barry Curtis announced that he would not be running for re-election
The idea of progress is the belief that human society gets better and better over time. Progressivism is a kind of politics based on social progress. It is also a . Progress started being supported by many philosophers in the Age of Enlightenment. They believed that new inventions and scientific discoveries would make people's lives better. Progressivism often supports reforms and change. It is related to liberalism and egalitarianism. Politics. Progressive politics generally wants to change government in a new way. Unlike conservatism which wants to keep government similar. It most often refers to a political movement in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, called the Progressive Era. In the United States, these people wanted to change politics, which was at that time run by big business and corrupt political machines. Most of the people who believed in the Progressive Movement were part of the middle class. Some of the leaders of the progressive movement were Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson , William Howard Taft, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., Franklin D. Roosevelt, Howard Dean and Bernie Sanders. In the modern day, Progressivism is used as another word for Left-wing politics.
Edgar Louis "Beaver" Laprade (October 10, 1919 – April 28, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played for the New York Rangers in the National Hockey League (NHL). He also spent time with the Port Arthur Bearcats of the Thunder Bay Senior Hockey League. Born in Mine Centre, Ontario, Edgar was one of Canada's top senior hockey players before joining the NHL. He helped the Bearcats win the 1940 Allan Cup, before joining the Rangers in 1945. While with the Rangers, he would win the 1946 Calder Memorial Trophy and the 1950 Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1993. Laprade died at the age of 94 in Thunder Bay, Ontario from natural causes.
William Hickling Prescott (May 4, 1796 – January 29, 1859) was an American historian who was interested in Spain and the Spanish Empire. He is known as one of the first great American historians. Prescott was made almost blind after a boy threw a piece of bread at his eye when he was sixteen. This meant that he could not work in a normal job. Prescott's grandfather was William Prescott, a soldier who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War. Prescott grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, which is a city on the east coast of the United States. When Prescott was 15, he went to Harvard University. After he got his degree, he studied many different topics, before deciding that he was interested in the history of Spain. He wrote many books about Spanish history, which were very popular. His work had a significant impact on the study of the history of Spain.  Early life. William H. Prescott was born in Salem, Massachusetts, on May 4, 1796. He was the oldest of seven children, but four of his brothers and sisters died at a young age. His parents were William Prescott, Jr., a lawyer, and his wife, Catherine Greene Hickling. His grandfather William Prescott served as a colonel during the American Revolutionary War. Prescott first went to school when he was seven. The family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1808. Prescott went to Harvard University in 1811, at the age of 15. He was good at Latin and Greek, but found mathematics difficult. He graduated from Harvard in 1814. After he had graduated, Prescott traveled to the island of São Miguel in the Azores, where his grandfather and Portuguese grandmother lived. After staying there two weeks, he went to London, where he stayed with the famous surgeon Astley Cooper and the eye-expert William Adams. Prescott found it difficult to write because his eyesight was so poor, so Adams gave him a device called a noctograph to help him. He visited Hampton Court Palace with John Quincy Adams, who was a diplomat in London. Adams later became President of the United States. In 1816, Prescott travelled in France and
Gloria Marie Steinem (born March 25, 1934) is an American radical feminist and writer. She founded "Ms." magazine, and also wrote for several other magazines. Steinem is Jewish and is from Toledo, Ohio. Steinem started the Women's Media Centre with Jane Fonda and Robin Morgan in 2005.  In 2013 she was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama for her support of abortion rights. Personal life. Steinem was married to David Bale (1941–2003) from September 3, 2000 until his death.
Betty Friedan ( February 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006) was an American writer, activist and feminist. She wrote the book "The Feminine Mystique" in 1963. She argued in the book that there was more to life for women than the achievements of their husbands and children. In an interview for Life magazine in 1963 she said "Women of the world unite! You have nothing to lose but your vacuum cleaner!" She helped set up the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966 and was its first president. In 1981 "The Second Stage" was published. In the book Friedan said that the women's movement had reached its second stage. Personal life. Friedan married Carl Friedan in 1947. Friedan died on her 85th birthday.
Icelandic names are different from most other naming systems used in the West, in that the names follow a patronymic (sometimes matronymic) surname pattern. This means that when a person is named, their last name is the name of their father, plus -son. So if a man called Eric had a son called Leif, Leif's name would be Leif Ericsson. The same is true for females, although sometimes women take the name of their father for their last name, or the name of their mother. Also, the suffix -sdottír is added to the end of the parent's name. So, if a girl called Astrid's parents were Leif and Inga, then their daughter could be called either Astrid Leifsdóttir, or Astrid Ingasdóttir. Changes were announced to the laws about names in 2019. Given names are not limited by gender anymore. People that are registered officially with a non-binary gender will be able to use the suffix -bur ("child of") instead of -son or -dóttir. This naming system is the same naming system that was used by the Vikings. Iceland has kept this naming system because Iceland is an island, and had little contact with the outside world for quite some time, so there was not much change in things like customs, language and naming systems.
Crystal Castles was an experimental electronic music duo from Toronto, Canada. It was made up of producer Ethan Kath and vocalist Alice Glass. The band has released three albums, all named "Crystal Castles", in 2008, 2010, and 2012. Their first album made the "NME" list of the 50 greatest albums of the decade, placing at #39. Break up and allegations. On October 24, 2017, Glass said that when she was in the band, Kath had abused her. Kath has denied this. On December 21, 2017, Toronto Police Service said there was an open Sex Crimes unit investigation on Kath. Glass and four other women would later say that Kath had sexually abused them when they were teenagers and he was in his twenties. Glass said that she hated her time in the band and asked fans to not continue supporting it. Members. Additional live members: Former live members. Past spare live members:
Dethklok is a band created by Brendon Small and Tommy Blacha. There are two bands called Dethklok: a fictional one in the television series Metalocalypse, and one formed to play the fictional one's songs. To date, the real band has released four albums, "The Dethalbum", "The Dethalbum II", "Dethalbum III", and "The Dethalbum IV".
Tianyuraptor is a genus of short-armed dromaeosaurid dinosaur ('running lizard'; a type of small dinosaur considered to be closely related to birds) that lived during the Early Cretaceous, about 122 million years ago. Its remains have been found in western Liaoning, China. It was similar to other dromaeosaurids found in Liaoning, with the exception of being somewhat more primitive. The type specimen, formally described in 2009, shows features not seen in previously known Northern Hemisphere (Laurasian) dromaeosaurids, but present in Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanan) species and early birds.  The generic name of "Tianyuraptor" combines "Tianyu", referring to the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature where the holotype specimen is stored, with raptor, the Latin word for 'robber'.
Fruitadens is a genus of heterodontosaur dinosaur.  The name means "Fruita tooth", in reference to Fruita, Colorado, where its fossils were first found. It is known from partial skulls and skeletons from at least four individuals from rocks of the Morrison Formation in Colorado. "Fruitadens" is a small ornithischian dinosaur, with young adults estimated at 65 to 75 cm (26 to 30 in) in length and 0.5 to 0.75 kg (1.1 to 1.7 lb) in weight.  The lower jaws had an enlarged canine-like tooth, opposite a gap in the upper jaw (a 'diastema'). Unlike "Echinodon", there wasn't an enlarged tooth in the upper jaw. A small peg-like tooth was present in front of the canine-like tooth. Replacement teeth were present in the jaws, unlike most other heterodontosaurids. "Fruitadens" was an omnivore.
The Geelong Football Club, the Cats, is an Australian Rules Football team that plays in the Australian Football League. The club is based in the city of Geelong, Victoria. The club started in July 1859, and had played continuously since then, which makes it the second oldest club in any code, in the world. The club was an original member of the Victorian Football Association which formed in 1877. It left the association with a number of other clubs to form the Victorian Football League in 1897. It is now a member of the Australian Football League. Club song. &lt;poem&gt; "We are Geelong, the greatest team of all" "We are Geelong, we're always on the ball" "We play the game as it should be played" "At home or far away" "Our banners fly high, from dawn to dark" "Down at Kardinia Park" "So! Stand up and fight, remember our tradition" "Stand up and fight, it's always our ambition" "Throughout the game to fight with all our might" "Because we're the mighty blue and white "And when the ball is bounced, to the final bell" "Stand up and fight like hell." &lt;/poem&gt;
The Volvo B10BLE is a single-decker chassis of a bus. It has a low-floor. It was made from 1993 to 2004 by Volvo. The name B10BLE stands for: Operators. Australia. In Australia, Sydney Buses ordered 125, Westbus ordered 41 and Grenda Corporation ordered 16. Europe. In mainland Europe, B10BLEs were bodied by Säffle, Aabenraa and Carrus. Singapore. In Singapore, all SBS Transit B10BLEs were bodied by Volgren. United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, many of the B10BLEs had Wright Renown bodywork, and a small number had Alexander ALX300 bodywork. The Plaxton Prestige also had the Volvo chassis but not many of these were built.
The Diary of a Young Girl is a diary written in Dutch by Anne Frank. She began it in 1942, confiding to Kitty. She wrote it while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. The family was caught in 1944 and Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. After the war, the diary was found by Anne's father, Otto Frank. He was the only known survivor of the family. The diary has now been published in more than 60 different languages. It is now considered a classic of war literature. The diary was rescued from a reject pile by cookbook publisher Judith Jones. It was first published as "Het Achterhuis. Dagboekbrieven 12 juni 1942 – 1 augustus 1944" ("The Annex: Diary Notes from 12 June 1942 – 1 August 1944") by Contact Publishing in Amsterdam in 1947. After it was translated into English as "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl" by Doubleday &amp; Company (United States) and Valentine Mitchell (United Kingdom) in 1952, it became very famous critically. It became very popular, and the 1955 play "The Diary of Anne Frank" and movie version were both based on the diary. The play was first acted in New York City. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1956. The book is in several lists of the top books of the twentieth century. It discusses the themes of sharing and selfishness in the war, about how someone can be different on the inside and the outside, and about the loneliness of growing up.
Crystal Castles, also known as Crystal Castles II, is the second album by electronic music group Crystal Castles. The album was released by Fiction Records on 24 May 2010. Critical reception. "Crystal Castles" has had mostly good reviews from people.
In mathematics, odds are the chance that an event will happen compared to the chance that it will not happen. For example, if there is an equal chance that it will rain or that it will not rain, the odds of it raining are 1:1 (which is read as "1 to 1"). If it is twice as likely that it will not rain, then the odds of it raining are 1:2 (read as "1 to 2"). Uses for odds. Odds are often used in gambling, especially in horse racing.  In statistics, when the odds are written as fractions, the ratio of the odds of two related experimental events is called the odds ratio. This is often written as formula_1 for short.
The Battle of Leipzig, or Battle of the Nations, was a battle of Napoleon I and his army against an allied force of several nations on October 16 to 19, 1813. Napoleon's army had been defeated and depleted in the French invasion of Russia. The French were also losing the Peninsular War and retreating everywhere. Being outnumbered, he attacked. His allies in the Confederation of the Rhine changed sides, and Napoleon was defeated. The batle was the one of the largest battles before World War I and involved about 600,000 soldiers and the largest cavalry charge ever. It was part of the War of the Sixth Coalition. After the battle and the later defence of Paris (1814), Napoleon was taken to the Mediterranean island of Elba.
Invisible Children is an organization that aims to help child soldiers in Africa. It was founded in 2004. It specifically focuses on the activities of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and its leader, Joseph Kony. It wants to stop the LRA from kidnapping children and forcing them to serve as soldiers. It was established after a movie was made about forcing children to fight in wars.
MU* refers to a family of text-based online game servers: These are also called the Tiny family. These are kinds of MUD.