ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A letter bomb is a bomb concealed within a letter or package, which is then sent or left for the recipient to find, typically with his or her name and address on, to be opened and then exploded, or exploded within a certain time. The first known case of a "modern" letter bomb was the Swedish bombmaker Martin Ekenberg in August 1904. He built a bomb and sent it to a factory owner in Stockholm called Karl Fredrik Lundin. The bomb exploded but nobody was seriously injured. He sent a total of four bombs until 1907 before he was discovered. Letter bomb sendouts. There had been many injuries caused by letter bombs. A very famous letter bombmaker is Ted Kaczynski, the so-called "Unabomber", who sent a series of letter bombs between 1978 and 1995, killing three people (all men) and injuring 23. One package, however, exploded onboard an airplane, which could have killed all the passengers and personnel, but it only caused an emergency landing. He stopped sending bombs after the New York Times accepted to publish a text he had written called "Industrial Society and its Future". Unfortunately for him, his brother recognised the writing style and alerted the police, which ultimately captured Kaczynski and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. The bombs were very well made and had no evidence from the sender, but typically of letter bombs, they are too small to case significant damage, and in most cases did not even kill the person who opened the package (this was also the case with Ekenberg, who failed to kill a single person). For this reason, and because most important government departments X-rays packages, the method is not very efficient. Another Government agencies. Several government agencies have used letter bombs to target persons outside their jurisdiction. One victim of a letter bomb was German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who was sent a letter bomb by the so-called Stern gang and Israeli politician (and later Prime Minister) Menachem Begin in the 1950s. Begin's reasons, as he explained, was that Adenauer and all Germans were responsible for the deaths of millions of Jews during the Holocaust, although Adenauer had been imprisoned by the Nazi regime which committed these crimes. The same group also sent several bombs to US President Harry S. Truman. The South African apartheid regime used letter bombs, including to activist Ruth First, who died when opening one in 1982.
Drancy internment camp was a concentration camp in France during its occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was organised in 1941 to collect French Jews and particularly foreign Jews who had escaped to France before the invasion by the Germans. After that, they were put on railroad carts and sent east, to concentration camps, from which most did not return alive. Nearly 70,000 people were rounded up, including resistance fighters, Roma people, and others considered "undesirable". Until 1943, the camp was administered by French police under German supervision. After this, the French were removed and replaced by German SS men led by Alois Brunner, which increased the efficiency of the deportations.  When the camp was liberated in 1944, about 1,500 people remained. Brunner was later tried (in absence) and sentenced to death, but remained at large until his death in 2010.
Jews have lived in Europe for thousands of years, and their dispersal and relations with governing authorities and peoples have changed greatly. In the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, there was a Jewish minority which had varying rights and relations with the Romans. After the Roman-Jewish wars in the first and second centuries and the destruction of the Temple, Jews were expelled from Judea, which greatly increased their numbers in Europe (and North Africa and Asia). In the Middle Ages, with the spread of Christianity and Christian anti-Semitism, conditions were generally bad. Jews were often separated from Christians. They were not allowed in some jobs . They were made to live in particular parts of cities, called ghettos. They were allowed to do certain jobs that Christians were not allowed to, such as lending money to people for interest, which was considered bad for Christians. This made some Jews wealthy but also increased persecutions.  Jews were eventually welcomed in Poland, whose king declared the Statute of Kalisz to protect them. Ashkenazi Jews lived in Eastern Europe. Sephardi Jews lived In Spain and Portugal. Under Muslim rule, the so-called Al Andalus period, Jews were generally accepted although they could not take part in the government. After Christian rule was re-established on the Iberian peninsula, Jews were rejected and persecuted if they stayed. Some sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire, which was then relatively tolerant to Jews and Christians and allowed them to have their own courts and laws, as long as they payed taxes and did not resist Ottoman rule.  After the Renaissance and the Early Modern Period, Jews were integrated increasingly and permitted to live openly as Jews in more and more countries. After the French Revolution, France and other European countries affected by French rule through Napoleon I introduced secular laws aimed at abolishing religion in the public sphere and treating Jews more openly as citizens. Jews began to discard their religion by becoming Christians, like British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's father, Isaac d'Israeli. Many European countries had restrictions on Jews until the 19th and 20th centuries such as banning them from certain professions or holding public offices. Many Jews became prominent scientists or public intellectuals such as Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and
Manatuto is one of the municipalities (formerly districts) of East Timor. The capital of the municipality is also named Manatuto. To the north is the Strait of Wetar, to the south is the Timor Sea. Administrative posts. The municipality's administrative posts (formerly sub-districts) are: The administrative posts are divided into 31 sucos ("villages") in total.
Manufahi is one of the municipalities of East Timor. The capital of the municipality is Same. Administrative posts. Manufahi's administrative posts (formerly sub-districts) are:
Bolívar is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Guaranda. Cantons. The province is divided into 7 cantons. The following table lists each with its population as of the 2010 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.
is a special ward of Tokyo, Japan. It is a very important area for commerce and business. It also has the two busiest railway stations in the world, Shinjuku Station and Shibuya Station. As of 2020, it has a population of about 231,043, and a population density of 15,290.7 people per km2 (39,603/sq mi). The total area is 15.11 km2 (5.83 sq mi). Shibuya is famous for its scramble crossing, which is called Shibuya Crossing.
Cañar is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Azogues. Cantons. The province is divided into 7 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the time of the 2019 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.
Carchi is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Tulcán. The Carchi River forms the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador. Cantons. The province is divided into 6 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the 2019 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.
Feuchtwangen (; East Franconian: "Feichtwang") is a city in Middle Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the district of Ansbach. Feuchtwangen had about 12,000 inhabitants in 2022.
Lusaka Province is a province in Zambia. The capital is Lusaka, which is also the national capital. It is the smallest province in Zambia, with an area of 21,896 km². It is also Zambia's most populated and most densely populated province, with a population of 2,191,225 and density of 100 persons per km² as of 2010. The province is bordered by Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and separated by the Lower Zambezi National Park. Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (in Chongwe District) and Lusaka City Airport (in Lusaka) are the two airports in the province.
Dominique Ellen Dunne (November 23, 1959 – November 4, 1982) was an American actress. She was born in Santa Monica, California. Her parents were Dominick Dunne and Ellen Griffin Dunne. She was best known for her role as Dana Freeling in the 1982 horror movie "Poltergeist". On October 30, 1982, Dunne was strangled by her ex-boyfriend, John Thomas Sweeney, in the driveway of her Los Angeles home. She went into a coma and died five days later, aged 22. Sweeney was convicted of voluntary manslaughter in Dunne's death and went to prison for three and a half years. The length of Sweeney’s prison sentence was highly controversial.
Bad Hersfeld is the capital of the district Hersfeld-Rotenburg, in the state of Hessen in Germany. It is a well-known festival and spa town. Every summer, the "Bad Hersfelder Festspiele" (festival) are held here in 1951 at the monastery ruins. It is the largest Romanesque church ruin in Europe.
The Potsdam Declaration, or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender, was a statement that called for the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II.  On July 26, 1945, United States President Harry S. Truman, United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chairman of China Chiang Kai-shek issued the document. It talked about the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan. These terms were first talked about during the Potsdam Conference.  The declaration said if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."
This is a list of prime ministers of Togo since the creation of the job of Prime Minister in 1960, to the present day. A total of twelve people have been Prime Minister of Togo.
Eugene Koffi Adoboli (born 3 October 1934) is a Togolese politician. He was Prime Minister of Togo from 21 May 1999 to 31 August 2000.  In 2011 he was sentenced to five years in jail in absentia for corruption.
The Chairperson of the African Union Commission is the head of the African Union Commission. On February 15, 2025, it was announced that djiboutian Mahamoud Ali Youssouf would become the further Chairperson.
Central Africa is a region of the African continent. It is made up of Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Central African Republic and Rwanda. Countries. These countries are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).
Moussa Faki Mahamat ( "", born 21 June 1960) is a Chadian politician and diplomat. He has been Chairperson of the African Union Commission since 14 March 2017. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 24 June 2003 to 4 February 2005 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2008 to January 2017. On 30 January 2017, he was elected as Chairperson of the African Union Commission.
Jean Ping (; born 24 November 1942) is a Gabonese diplomat and politician. He was the Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Francophonie of the Gabonese Republic from 1999 to 2008, and was President of the United Nations General Assembly from 2004 to 2005 and Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union from 2008 to 2012.  Ping was a candidate in the 2016 Gabonese presidential election against the outgoing president Ali Bongo.
Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma (born 27 January 1949), sometimes known by her initials NDZ, is a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist. She has been the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs since May 2019 during the Cyril Ramaphosa presidency. She also had cabinet jobs during the presidencies of Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki, Kgalema Motlanthe and Jacob Zuma (her ex-husband). From 1982 to 1998, she was married to Jacob Zuma.
Édouard Kodjovi Kodjo, better known as Edem Kodjo (May 23, 1938 – April 11, 2020), was a Togolese politician and diplomat. He was Secretary-General of the Organisation of African Unity from 1978 to 1983; later. He was Prime Minister from 1994 to 1996 and again from 2005 to 2006.  Kodjo was President of the Patriotic Pan-African Convergence (CPP).  Kodjo died on April 11, 2020, in Paris at the age of 81.
Christian Poncelet (24 March 1928 – 11 September 2020) was a conservative French politician. He was a member of President Nicolas Sarkozy's Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). He was President of the Senate from 1998 to 2008. He was Mayor of Remiremont (Vosges) and has been the President of the General Council of Vosges. From 1979 to 1980, he was a member of the European Parliament. Poncelet was born in Blaise (now part of Vouziers) in the Ardennes. He died on 11 September 2020 in Remiremont, France at the age of 92.
The French Parliament () is the bicameral legislature of the French Republic. It is made up of the Senate () and the National Assembly (). Each assembly has legislative meetings at different places in Paris: the for the Senate and the for the National Assembly. The National Assembly has more power than the Senate.
Johannes van Knobelsdorff (19 September 1917 – 2 April 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was born in The Hague. He was mayor of Goedereede and Stellendam from 1947 to 1961. He was also Mayor of Sassenheim from 1961 to 1974. He was also Dijkgraaf. Knobelsdorff died on 2 April 2020 at the age of 102.
Miguel Ángel Tabet Balady (December 24, 1941 – April 7, 2020) was a Venezuelan theologian, Catholic priest, author, and exegete. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela. Tábet lived and worked in Rome, Italy. He was a professor of biblical hermeneutics, the study of the principles of the Bible, at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome. Tabet died from COVID-19 during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in Rome, Italy, on April 7, 2020, at the age of 78.
Paulus Petrus Maria “Paul” Gilissen (28 August 1934 – 9 April 2020) was a Dutch KVP and later CDA politician. Gilissen was born in Amsterdam. He was mayor of Valkenburg-Houthem from 1976 to 1982 and Valkenburg aan de Geul from 1982 to 1990 and again in 1991. Gilissen died in Maastricht on 9 April 2020, aged 85.
Bert van de Kamp (8 March 1947 – 9 April 2020) was a Dutch music journalist. He was known for his interviews with pop stars in the Dutch Muziekkrant OOR. He was born in Rotterdam. In 1972 van de Kamp won the prize: "Wordt Popjournalist en Vlieg naar Londen!". From 1973 to 1977 he was writer of Muziekkrant OOR. He wrote about many music styles; of hardrock to singer-songwriters. From 1977 to 1980 he was correspondent in London for Muziekkrant OOR and the KRO radio and television magazine Studio. In 1995 he won the first . Kamp died in Utrecht on 9 April 2020, aged 73.
Iris M. Zavala (27 December 1936 – 10 April 2020) was a Puerto Rican author, scholar, and poet. She had written over 50 works. Her best known work was "Nocturna, mas no funesta", built on and express this belief. Early life and education. She was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico. In Spain she was a UNESCO fellow at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, and a Ramón LLul fellow at the University of Mallorca. She also taught at the University of Minnesota. Zavala died from COVID-19 in Madrid during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, at the age of 83.
Gustavo Rodríguez (May 27, 1960 – April 11, 2020) was an actor, screenwriter, producer, director, gamer, and video game journalist. He was born in Mexico City. He was a known person in video game journalism in Latin America.  In December 1991, he founded one of the most important video game magazines in the region, "Club Nintendo". The magazine made more than 200 issues, publishing monthly until February 2019. He dubbed roles in "Wreck It Ralph", "Shrek 2", "Ghostbusters", "Pixels" and "". In 2019, Rodríguez was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died on April 11, 2020 of the disease in Mexico City, aged 59.
Tsvetan Teophanov (Bulgarian: Цветан Теофанов; born July 12, 1952), is a Bulgarian figure who has noted for the very first known and famous Bulgarian translation of the Quran, numerous Bulgarian Islamic religious books, and an Arabist. His rise causes his translation of the Quran the most used in the Balkans that was then known throughout the world. Biography. He has a degree in Arabic Philology from the , and a specialization at the . He defended his doctoral (PhD) thesis at the Moscow Institute. He lectures on Arabic literature, Quran and the Hadith (the science of the Prophet's tradition) as well on the phenomenology of prophecy. Doctor of Philology. He was the Dean of the Faculty of Classical and Modern Philology of Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, as well as the Deputy Dean, Director of the Centre of Oral Languages and Cultures and Head of the Department of Arabic and Semitology.
Gregory Wright Carman (January 31, 1937 – April 5, 2020) was an American judge and politician. He was a United States Judge of the United States Court of International Trade from 1983 to 2014. He was nominated by President Ronald Reagan. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from 1981 to 1983.  Carman was born in Farmingdale, New York. He died on April 5, 2020 in Melville, New York, aged 83.
Carole Baskin ("née" Stairs Jones; born June 6, 1961) is an American animal rights activist. She is the owner of Big Cat Rescue. Baskin became well known when she was featured in the 2020 Netflix documentary series "" about Oklahoma-based private zoo operator Joe Exotic. Following the series' release, Baskin has been targeted by Internet memes related to the disappearance of Don Lewis, her second husband.
Jack Donald Lewis (April 30, 1938 – August 19, 2002) is an American missing person who disappeared on August 18, 1997, after leaving his home in Tampa, Florida. The investigation into his disappearance has led from Lewis's Wildlife on Easy Street sanctuary in Tampa, co-owned by his second wife Carole Baskin, to land owned by Lewis in Costa Rica. No evidence of Lewis being killed has been found, but investigators believe it is unlikely that he disappeared on his own. Lewis left behind over $5 million. He was declared legally dead in 2002. As of 2020, the case is still open. Lewis's disappearance was covered in 2020 crime documentary series "", which focused on a fight between Baskin and Joe Exotic. The Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office has used the popularity of "Tiger King" to help investigate the disappearance. A theory is that his ex-wife Carole fed him to tigers.
Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron (‎; April 5, 1941 – April 12, 2020) was an Israeli rabbi. He was "Rishon LeZion" (Chief Rabbi of Israel) from 1993 to 2003. He was Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Bat Yam from 1972 and Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Haifa from 1972 to 1990. He was born in Jerusalem. Bakshi-Doron died on April 12, 2020 of COVID-19 in Jerusalem.
Glenn Alfred Beckert (October 12, 1940 – April 12, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Chicago Cubs for nine seasons from 1965 to 1973. He ended his career with the San Diego Padres in 1975. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Beckert died on April 12, 2020 in Florida at the age of 79.
Timothy Julian Brooke-Taylor OBE (17 July 194012 April 2020) was an English actor and comedian. Brooke-Taylor became known for his work on BBC Radio with "I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again". He later moved into television with "At Last the 1948 Show". He was best known as a member of The Goodies, starring in the television series throughout the 1970s. He was a panellist on "I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue" for almost 50 years. Brooke-Taylor died of problems from COVID-19 on 12 April 2020, aged 79.
Louis van Dijk, also spelled Louis van Dyke (27 November 1941 – 12 April 2020), was a Dutch pianist. He was born in Amsterdam. He played with Pim Jacobs and Pieter van Vollenhoven under the name "De Gevleugelde Vrienden" ("The Winged Friends").  In September 2005, he played at a charity concert at the Concertgebouw to raise funds for New Orleans after the city was hit by Hurricane Katrina. He was awarded the honorary title of Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion.  Dijk died in Laren on 12 April 2020 of cancer, aged 78.
Edward Alfred Evans (4 March 1941 – 12 April 2020) was an Australian senior public servant and economist. He was born in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. He was a Secretary of the Department of the Treasury from 24 May 1993 through 26 April 2001.  As secretary of the Treasury, he was "ex officio" member of the boards of several financial institutions. He was a director of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia between 1993 and 1996, and a member of the board of the Reserve Bank of Australia from 10 May 1993 to 26 April 2001. Evans died on 12 April 2020, aged 79.
George Douglas Sanders (July 24, 1933 – April 12, 2020) was an American professional golfer. He won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships. He was born in Cedartown, Georgia. He was a member of the U.S. Ryder Cup team in 1967, which won in Houston. Sanders died in Houston on April 12, 2020 from dementia-related problems, at the age of 86.
Wynn Handman (May 19, 1922 – April 11, 2020) was an American educator, producer, director and artist. He was the artistic director of The American Place Theatre, which he co-founded with Sidney Lanier and Michael Tolan in 1963. He was born in New York City. He was a teacher for over 50 years, in his professional acting classes, Handman has trained many actors including: Alec Baldwin, James Caan, Chris Cooper, Michael Douglas, Sandy Duncan, Mia Farrow, Richard Gere, Joel Grey, Allison Janney, Raul Julia, Frank Langella, John Leguizamo, Susan Lucci, Donna Mills, Burt Reynolds, Mira Sorvino, Christopher Walken, Denzel Washington, Lauren Graham and Joanne Woodward. Handman died on April 11, 2020 in New York City of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 at the age of 97.
Everett Lee (August 31, 1916 – January 12, 2022) was an American conductor and violinist. He was the first African-American to conduct a Broadway musical. He was also the first African-American to conduct a performance by a major US opera company. In September 1945, he became the main conductor of the musical "On the Town". He later conducted at Tanglewood. He served as director of Columbia University's opera department in the early 1950s. Lee was born in Wheeling, West Virginia. In 1927, he moved with his parents to Cleveland, Ohio. He married Sylvia Olden Lee in 1944. The couple later divorced. He later married his second wife. He lived in Sweden. He turned 100 in 2016. Lee died on January 12, 2022, in Malmö, Sweden. He was 105.
Camillo Ballin (June 24, 1944 – April 12, 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop, writer, missionary, and educator. He was the Roman Catholic Vicar Apostolic of the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Arabia from 2001 until his death. He was born in Padua, Italy. Ballin died on April 12, 2020 at the age of 75.
Shri M.V. Rajasekharan (12 September 1928 – 13 April 2020) an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian National Congress party. He was a member of the Legislative Council Karnataka in the upper house of the Government of Karnataka. He also was a member of the Rajya Sabha. Rajasekharan died on 13 April 2020 at a hospital in Bangalore at the age of 91.
Marion Hartzog Smoak (July 8, 1916 – May 4, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a Republican. He was Chief of Protocol of the United States under President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974. He was a member of the presidential campaign staff and transition team for Ronald Reagan in 1980. He also served as member of the South Carolina Senate from 1967 to 1968. Smoak was born in Aiken, South Carolina. His wife Mary Frances Meister died in 2015. The couple had three children. He turned 100 in 2016. Smoak died on May 4, 2020, in Palm Beach, Florida. He was 103.