ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury PC, FRS (30 April 1834 – 28 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Bt from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, biologist, archaeologist and Liberal politician. Life. Lubbock was the son of Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet, and was brought up in the family home of High Elms, near Downe in Kent. In 1842 his father brought home a "great piece of news". Young John Lubbock thought it might be a new pony, and was disappointed that the news was that Charles Darwin was moving to Down House in the village. He was soon a frequent visitor to Down House, and became the closest of Darwin's younger friends. Lubbock was educated at Eton College from 1845 and afterwards was taken into his father's bank, where he became a partner at the age of twenty-two. In 1865 he succeeded to the baronetcy. In 1870, 1874, and 1880 he was elected to Parliament, where he promoted a number of laws. Lubbock was elected the first president of the Institute of Bankers in 1879; in 1881 he was president of the British Association, and from 1881 to 1886 president of the Linnean Society of London. In March 1883 he founded the Bank Clerks Orphanage, which in 1986 became the Bankers Benevolent Fund – a charity for bank employees, past and present and their dependants. In January 1884 he founded the Proportional Representation Society, later to become the Electoral Reform Society. Lubbock received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Dublin and Würzburg; and in 1878 was appointed a trustee of the British Museum. From 1888 to 1892 he was president of the London Chamber of Commerce; from 1889 to 1890 vice-chairman and from 1890 to 1892 chairman of the London County Council. In February 1890 he was appointed
Seurat painted for a time with the Impressionist painters, Claude Monet, Renoir, Sisley and Pissarro. His scientific ideas about color then led him to develop a different painting technique. He painted in tiny dots of color, with the theory that the viewer's eye would mix them. This technique is called "pointillism". Seurat and his followers are often referred to as the Neo-Impressionists ("New Impressionists"). His most famous paintings are "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" (18841886) in the Chicago Art Institute and "Bathers at Asnières" (1884) in the National Gallery, London.he died in 1958
Eugène Boudin (12 July 1824 – 8 August 1898) was a French painter of landscapes and seascapes. He was one of the first landscape painters to paint outdoors, rather than in a studio. He was a great influence on the French Impressionists. Boudin was born in Honfleur, France, and was the son of a sailor. In 1835 his father opened a small shop in Le Havre where Boudin worked with him, selling stationery and making picture frames. Boudin met many artists who put their paintings for sale in the shop. In his early twenties, Boudin went to Paris to study painting. He returned often to paint the seashores around his home.  In 1856 Boudin met Claude Monet who spent several months working with Boudin in his studio. The two remained lifelong friends. Monet later said that Boudin had been a major influence on him, teaching him to paint outdoors. Camille Corot who was one of the greatest influences on Monet and the other Impressionists, gazed at Boudin's work and said "You are the master of the sky."  The Eugene Boudin Prize is an award given by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts of France.
The Boolean satisfiability problem is a kind of problem in math-based logic. In propositional logic, a formula is "satisfiable" if the variables it uses can be given values so that it becomes true. If however for a given formula, no values exist so that the formula becomes true and the formula will always be false no matter what values its variables have it is called "unsatisfiable". This problem is also known as "Boolean or propositional satisfiability". Computer scientists usually call it SAT. Complexity theory believes that the formula should be in a special form, known as conjunctive normal form. A formula that is in this form has clauses. Clauses are joined by a "logical and". Each clause has several literals. They are joined by a "logical or". A literal and its complement cannot appear in the same clause. The problem may also have other names. The names depend on what the logical formula looks like. The names also depend on how many variables are used per clause. A formula that satisfies 3SAT looks like the following: ("A"1 OR "B"1 OR "C"1) AND ("A"2 OR "B"2 OR "C"2) AND ("A"3 OR "B"3 OR "C"3) AND ... In this case "("A"1 OR "B"1 OR "C"1)" is an example for a clause, and "B"1 is one of the literals of this clause. At the beginning of the 1970s, Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin showed that the problem is NP-complete. This is known as the Cook–Levin theorem.  The problem 3SAT uses three variables per clause. It is one of the 21 NP-complete problems. They were defined by Richard Karp in 1972.
Denver Clayton Lemaster (February 25, 1939 – July 24, 2024) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He began his career when he was signed by the Milwaukee Braves. He spent 1958-early 1962 in the minors. He joined the Braves in 1962, and pitched his first game on June 15th. He played with the Braves until 1967. They had moved to Atlanta by that time. After the 1967 season he was traded to the Astros with Denis Menke. The Braves were given Sonny Jackson and Chuck Harrison. Lemaster played with the Astros for four years. He was then sold to the Montreal Expos, but was released halfway through the season. Lemaster died on July 24, 2024, at the age of 85.
An NP problem is an algorithmic problem such that if you have a case of the problem of size formula_1, the number of steps needed to check the answer is smaller than the value of some polynomial in formula_1. It doesn't mean one can find an answer in the polynomial number of steps, only check it.  An NP-complete problem is an NP problem such that if one could find answers to that problem in polynomial number of steps, one could also find answers to all NP problems in polynomial number of steps. This makes NP-complete decision problems the hardest problems in NP (they are NP-hard). People spent lots of time looking for algorithms that finds answers to some NP-complete problem in polynomial number of steps, but have not found any. Because of this, if someone shows a problem to be NP-complete, it is not likely that there is an algorithm solving it in polynomial number of steps. The unsolved problem P = NP asks whether polynomial time algorithms actually exist for NP-complete, and by corollary, all NP problems. It is widely believed that this is not the case. The Travelling salesman problem is an NP-Complete problem.
The Cook–Levin theorem is a theorem from theoretical computer science, which says that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete. A deterministic Turing machine can change a problem in NP in polynomial time to the problem of determining whether a Boolean formula is satisfiable. An important consequence of the theorem is that if there exists a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for solving Boolean satisfiability, then there exists a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for solving "all" problems in NP. The same follows for any NP-complete problem.  The question of whether such an algorithm exists is called the P versus NP problem and it is widely considered the most important unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. The theorem is named after Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin, who first described it in the 1970s.
William Henry Getty France Sr. (September 26, 1909 – June 7, 1992) was an American racecar driver, best known for being the co-founder of NASCAR. France was born in Washington, D.C.. He is also known as the creator of the Daytona International Speedway and the Talladega Superspeedway. France was put into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23 2010. France was the father of Bill France, Jr. (1933-2007) and grandfather of Brian France.
Denis John Menke (July 21, 1940 – December 1, 2020) was a professional baseball infielder. He was born on July 23, 1940, in Bancroft, Iowa. He was signed by the Milwaukee Braves in 1958. He came to the major leagues in 1962.  He became a regular player in 1963. He was traded with Denny Lemaster to the Astros in 1967. He played for Houston for four years, and was elected to the All-Star team as a backup player twice. He was then part of an eight-player trade the Astros made with the Reds. The trade was Menke, Ed Armbrister, Jack Billingham, Cesar Geronimo, and future Hall-of-Famer Joe Morgan for All-star Lee May, All-star Tommy Helms, and Jimmy Stewart.  He played in the 1972 World Series. He batted .083 in 24 at-bats. Menke died at his home in Tarpon Springs, Florida on December 1, 2020 at the age of 80.
A huaso (feminine huasa, but most commonly china) is a Chilean countryman and skilled horseman, very similar to the gauchos, cowboys, vaqueros and charros. Huasos are found in central and southern Chile.  Huasos are an important part of the culture of Chile, and are a vital part of parades, parties, and holidays. The Region of O'Higgins is the place where are found the most of the Chilean huasos.
Purchasing is the buying of goods or services. An item that has been bought is called a purchase. The opposite of a purchase is a sale. In common usage, the shorter word "buy" is typically used when shopping, rather than the word "purchase". However, the word has been used in many major historical terms, including: * the Louisiana Purchase (of 1803), which greatly increased the size of the U.S.; * the Purchase System in the British Army; * the Ashbourne Irish Land Purchase Act, or similar laws; * a Purchase and Sale Agreement, as a contract between a buyer and seller of land (real estate). The word "purchase" is often used in contracts with "acquisition", as in the term "Acquisitions and Mergers" (A&amp;M) in legal agreements made between large companies. Those contracts typically state than a company was "purchased" by another company.
Stargate is a 1994 science fiction movie, starring Kurt Russell as Colonel Jonathan Jack O'Neil, James Spader as Dr. Daniel Jackson and Jaye Davidson as Ra. Although the movie got mixed reviews from movie critics, it did very well at the box office with a revenue of $196.6 million, which was nearly four times higher than its budget of $55 million. The financial success of this movie also started the Hollywood career of Roland Emmerich and it became a cult movie. Plot. In a dig at Giza in 1928, scientists find a big metalic ring inscribed with hieroglyphics. Archeologist Doctor Daniel Jackson is called by the U.S. Air Force to translate hieroglyphics on the ring. They find out that the ring is actually a piece of alien technology that creates wormholes to transport people across the universe. A military team under the command of the U.S. Air Force Colonel Jonathan Jack O'Neil goes through the stargate with Jackson, and after the journey find out that they cannot get back to Earth. They find a city of ancient Egyptian-like people under the tyrannical rule of Ra, who is an alien posing as their god. They eventually kill Ra with a nuclear blast and figure out how to get back to Earth, but Jackson gets married and stays on the planet.
Super Junior (Korean: 슈퍼주니어), also known as SJ or SuJu is a South Korean boy band, under S.M. Entertainment. It consists of thirteen members, consisting of leader Leeteuk, Heechul, Hankyung, Yesung, Shindong, Sungmin, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook and Kibum. Kyuhyun joined the group in 2006. Han Geng and Kibum had left SM Entertainment and Super Junior in 2009 and 2015. Kangin left Super Junior voluntarily in 2019 but his exclusive contract with label SJ still remains.  Musical career. They have released nine albums: Super Junior 05 (TWINS) with only twelve members. Kyuhyun joined later during the release of the song "U". They then released with the full set of thirteen members: Don't Don in 2007; Sorry, Sorry in 2009. Sorry, Sorry excludes Kangin due to suspension. In 2010, they released Bonamana which excludes Kangin, Han Geng, and Kibum. Super Junior then released Mr. Simple in 2011; Sexy, Free &amp; Single in 2012; Hero in 2013; Mamacita in 2014 and Devil in 2015. Super Junior is led by their leader Leeteuk, or Park Jung Su, and has four lead dancers/main dancers: Eunhyuk (main dancer), Shindong (lead dancer), Donghae (main dancer), and Han Geng (lead dancer), and also has five lead singers/main singers: Ryeowook (main singer), Kyuhyun (main singer), Yesung (main singer), Sungmin (lead singer) and Donghae (lead singer). Ryeowook, Kyuhyun, and Yesung belong in a subgroup called Super Junior-K.R.Y. All members except Kibum have been put into these subgroups: Super Junior-T, Super Junior-M, Super Junior-H and Super Junior-Donghae &amp; Eunhyuk.
Gilmar Silva Santos (born 9 March 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Clube Náutico Capibaribe.
José Luís Santos da Visitação (born 23 March 1979) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Paraná Clube. Club career statistics. 36||4||0||0||36||4 36||4||0||0||36||4
Juan Pedro Benali (born 25 March 1969) is a Spanish football manager. Now he is currently recruited as the Head Coach of NorthEast United Football Club in the Indian Super League (ISL) in India.
Manuel dos Santos Fernandes (born 28 March 1974) is a former French football player. Club career statistics. 272||2 24||0 296||2 Honours. Monaco Montpellier Marseille Benfica
Alberto Aquilani (born 7 July 1984) is a former Italian football player. "Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Aquilani goal." Honours. Player. Roma Italy U19 Italy Individual Manager. Fiorentina Primavera
Flavio Roma (born 21 June 1974) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team. Club career statistics. 165||0 203||0 368||0 International career statistics. !Total||3||0
Éric Carrière (born 24 May 1973) is a French football player. He has played for France national team. Career statistics. International career statistics. !Total||10||5 Honours. Nantes Lyon Lens France Individual
Eliézio Santos Santana (born 31 March 1987) is a Brazilian football player. Club career statistics. 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
Ben Thatcher (born 30 November 1975) is an Welsh football player. He has played for Wales national team. Club career statistics. 330||2||17||0||30||0||377||2 330||2||17||0||30||0||377||2 International career statistics. !Total||7||0
Gnathostomulids, or jaw worms, are a small phylum of marine invertebrates which were discovered in 1956. They are tiny worm-like marine animals. They live in sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters and can survive in relatively anoxic environments.  Anatomy. Most gnathostomulids measure 0.5 to 1 millimetre (0.02 to 0.04 in) in length. They are slender to thread-like worms, with a transparent body. The neck region is slightly narrower than the rest of the body, giving them a distinct head.  Like flatworms they have a ciliated epidermis, but are unique in having but one cilium per cell. The cilia allow the worms to glide along in the water between sand grains, although they also have muscles that allow the body to twist or contract.  They have no circulatory or respiratory system. The nervous system is very simple, and restricted to the outer layers of the body wall. The only sense organs are modified cilia, which are especially common in the head region. The mouth is just behind the head, on the underside of the body. It has a pair of muscular jaws supplied with minute teeth, and a plate on the lower surface that bears a comb-like structure which they use to scrape smaller organisms off of the grains of sand that make up their anoxic seabed mud habitat. The mouth opens into a blind-ending tube in which digestion takes places; there is no anus.  Taxonomy. There are approximately 100 described species and certainly many more as yet undescribed. Gnathostomulids have no fossil record. Reproduction. Gnathostomulids are simultaneous hermaphrodites. Each individual possesses a single ovary and one or two testes. After fertilisation, the single egg ruptures through the body wall and adheres to nearby sand particles; the parent is able to rapidly heal the resulting wound. The egg hatches into a miniature version of the adult, without a larval stage.
Alexandre Paes Lopes (born 29 October 1974) is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as a football player. He has played for Brazil national team. Club career statistics. 102||7 1||0 42||3 145||10 International career statistics. !Total||4||0
Leandro Montera da Silva (born 12 February 1985) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Al-Sadd. Club career statistics. 125||57||4||6||9||4||6||10||144||77 21||20||2||0||4||9||6||5||33||34 146||77||6||6||13||13||12||15||177||111
Junya Nitta (born 13 July 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Honda. Club career statistics. 255||134||13||6||268||140 255||134||13||6||268||140
Yosuke Kobayashi (born 6 May 1983) is a Japanese former football player.
Anoxia or hypoxemia is a low level of oxygen in the blood. The word "anoxic" used in biology to refer to habitats with little or no oxygen. Anoxic events occur when an area of ocean loses most of its oxygen below the surface layers.
The Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation ('SIUT') is a largest dialysis &amp; kidney transplant centre in Pakistan. All services including dialysis and transplantation are provided free of charge. It was founded by Dr. Syed Adeebul Hasan Rizvi and it is the country's largest kidney disease center, as well as Parkistan's largest public sector health organisation. The Institute started as a department of urology at the government-run Civil Hospital, in Karachi, in 1970 and received autonomy in 1991. They perform 10 to 12 transplants every week, and in 2003 performed Pakistan's first liver transplant. In 2004, a unit for children was opened.
The 2010 Pacific hurricane season was the least active season since 1977, it officially started on May 15, 2010 and on June 1st for the Central Pacific and officially ended on November 30, 2010. These dates are when a storm is likely to start in 2010. The first storm of this season formed about two weeks before the first storm of 2009 did. So far, there have been five tropical depression, four of those five became a tropical storm, while only one because a hurricane. In addition, one storm, Hurricane Celia, was the second earliest category 5 hurricane on record The first storm, Tropical Storm Agatha killed at least 196 people in Central America. No other storms in the 2010 Pacific hurricane season have affected land yet. Storms. Tropical Storm Agatha. The first storm of the season started from a tropical disturbance, which is similar to a tropical wave. This tropical disturbance grew into Tropical Depression One-E on May 29. Tropical Depression One quickly strengthened into a tropical storm and it was given the name "Agatha". Moving toward land, Tropical Storm Agatha peak as a weak tropical storm with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Tropical Storm Agatha had made landfall near the Mexico and Guatemala border. Agatha had quickly died over land on May 30 after moving northward. Tropical Storm Agatha killed about 146 people in Central America. Tropical Depression Two-E. Tropical Depression Two-E started on June 16 from a tropical wave. Moving just south of the Mexican coast, winds top at 30 mph (45 km/h), which was too low for a storm to be a tropical storm. Remaining off the coast, Tropical Depression Two-E dissipated on June 17 without becoming a tropical storm. Rains from Tropical Depression Two-E caused flooding, which damage about 82 houses and affected 40 other houses near the coast. In addition, some people lost there roofs because of high winds. No people were killed by Tropical Depression Two-E. Tropical Storm Blas. On June 17, Tropical Depression Four-E started from an area of low pressure. Tropical Depression Four-E strengthened fast
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860-July 26, 1925) was an American politician in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was from the Midwest. He is known for supporting causes such as the silver standard or creationism. In the 1890s, he was a Congressman from Nebraska. He gained fame in 1896 for the "Cross of Gold Speech", a speech about the American economy he gave to the Democratic Party. He ran for President as a Democrat three times, in 1896, 1900, and 1908, but lost each time. During this time, he was the main leader of the Democratic Party. He was one of the first people who gave lots of speeches around the country while running for President, and continued to give speeches even when not running on what was called the "Chatauqua Circuit". He was United States Secretary of State from 1913 to 1915. In his last years, he was one of the lawyers in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He is portrayed in the movie "Inherit the Wind" by the character Matthew Harrison Brady.
Regeneration means that an organism regrows a lost part, so that the original function is restored. It is a term in developmental biology. The ability to regenerate differs in different groups. Whereas newts, for example, can regenerate severed limbs, mammals cannot. Limb regeneration in newts occurs in two major steps, first de-differentiation of adult cells into a stem cell state similar to embryonic cells and second, development of these cells into new tissue more or less the same way it developed the first time.  Simpler animals like flatworms can regenerate because the adults retain clusters of stem cells in their bodies. These can migrate to damaged parts of the body, then divide and differentiate to provide the missing tissue.
Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, at the base of Mount Carmel. It is the third-largest city in the country and an important sea port and industrial center. Sports. There is a football club called Maccabi Haifa F.C. in Haifa.
The National University of San Marcos (, UNMSM) is a public university in Lima, Peru. It was founded on 12 May 1551. It is the first and most important university of Peru and the oldest university of the Americas. The University of San Marcos has 20 faculties and 62 academic schools. It enrolls 28,645 undergraduate students and 3,447 graduate students. The National University of San Marcos has many notable students and graduates, including the only Peruvian Nobel Prize winner, Mario Vargas Llosa. Academically, the University of San Marcos ranks first in Peru. History. The National University of San Marcos was founded on 12 May 1551, in Lima (Peru), as the "Real Universidad de la Ciudad de los Reyes" (Real University of the City of the Kings), by the emperor Carlos I of Spain. It was the first university officially founded (by royal decree) in the Americas. Its first rector was Juan Bautista de la Roca. During its first years it was a monastic institution. Pedro Fernández Valenzuela was its first secular rector in 1571. On 17 September 1574, was elected the name of the evangelist "San Marcos" (Saint Mark) as the official name for the main university of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The University of San Marcos began its classes with the studies of theology and arts, after some years it were introduced the studies of law and medicine. The viceroy of Peru Francisco de Toledo gave help to the secularization of the university, then it was possible to choose a religious person or a secular person as the rector. During the 18th century, many Latinoamerican intellectuals from the University of San Marcos started to critic the colonial system. San Marcos and the colleges of San Carlos and San Fernando (after incorporated to the university) were monitored by the Viceroy. During the emancipation times, the university was a very important figure for the independence movements. The first Constituent congress of Peru took place in the chapel of the University of San Marcos in 1822. During the 19th century the university returned to its local known
Princes Street is one of the main streets at the center of Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. The street now has a lot of shops and hotels along it. It is one of the main places in Edinburgh for tourists.