ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She has won four Grammy Awards. Her most famous songs are "Fast Car" and "Give Me One Reason." These songs went to the top of music charts in Canada. They also went high on the Billboard charts (United States). She has released 8 albums. Chapman is a feminist. She has never said what her sexuality is, but she dated Alice Walker in the mid 1990s. Career. Chapman went to Tufts University. When she was a student there, she played music in public. In 1985, Chapman played music at a Linda Tillery concert. Another student from Tufts heard her playing music at the concert. The student's father was Charles Koppelman, a music producer. Koppelman thought that Chapman made good music. After Chapman graduated from the university, Koppelman helped her join Elektra Records. She released her first album in 1988. It was named "Tracy Chapman". Many critics liked the album, and it was very popular. She started playing more music at concerts. On June 11, 1988, she performed at a concert for Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday. Stevie Wonder was at the concert, but he did not play any music. This was because he had problems with his music equipment. Wonder was not able to play any music when it was time for him to. Because of this, Chapman played during Wonder's time. She played the song "Fast Car", and it became very popular. Her album sold many copies, and she won three Grammy Awards for it. "Fast Car" went on the "Billboard" Hot 100, an American music chart. Two other songs from the album, "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution" and "Baby Can I Hold You", also went on the chart. Chapman made a second album. This album was named "Crossroads". It was released in 1989. It did not sell as many copies as her first album did. However, it was certified platinum by the RIAA. After "Crossroads", she
Nathaniel Wallich FRS (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a medical doctor and botanist from Denmark. He worked in India; firstly in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the East India Company. He was involved in the early development of the Calcutta Botanical Garden, describing many new plant species and developing a large collection with copies that he gave to collections in Europe. Several of the plants that he collected were named after him. Biography. Early life and education. Nathaniel Wallich was born in a Jewish family in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1786 as Nathan ben Wulff. His father Wulff ben Wallich (or Wolff Wallich) was a rich merchant from Altona, a town near Hamburg, Germany, and then moved to Copenhagen late in the 18th century. Nathaniel changed his name to Nathan Wallich, later Nathaniel, as an adult. Wallich got the diploma of the Royal Academy of Surgeons at Copenhagen in 1806. At the end of the year he was appointed as doctor in the Danish colony of Serampore, then known as "Frederiksnagore" in Bengal (now in West Bengal). He sailed for India in April 1807 and arrived at Serampore the following November. He was an honorary doctor at the University of Copenhagen and member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. In India. Because of bad health, Wallich spent the years 1811-1813 in the more temperate climate of Mauritius, where he continued his studies. From August 1814, Wallich became an Assistant Surgeon in the East India Company's service. Wallich was later appointed assistant to William Roxburgh, the East India Company's botanist in Calcutta. By 1813 he took great interest in the flora and natural vegetation of India. He also went on expeditions to Nepal, West Hindustan, and lower Burma. Wallich travelled to Nepal in 1821, one of the very first Englishmen to go there, and returned with many new plants. During 1837 and 1838, Nathaniel
Roman dodecahedron is the name for dodecahedra which were found in Europe. In total, over hundred such objects were found in all European parts of the Roman Empire. They date from the second or third century CE, and were made of bronze or stone. They are hollow, and each of the twelve pentangular faces has a hole in it. Most of these were found on the territories of modern-day France and Germany, but some were also found in Hungary and Great Britain. They are between and in size. The exact function or use of the dodecahedra remains a mystery; no mention of them has been found in texts or pictures of the time. Speculated uses include candlestick holders (wax was found inside one example); dice; survey instruments; devices for determining the optimal sowing date for winter grain; that they were used to calibrate water pipes; and army standard bases. It has also been suggested that they may have been religious artifacts of some kind. This speculation is based on the fact that most of the examples have been found in Gallo-Roman sites.
In mathematics, the gamma function (Γ("z")) is a key topic in the field of special functions. Γ("z") is an extension of the factorial function to all complex numbers except negative integers. For positive integers, it is defined as formula_1 The gamma function is defined for all complex numbers, but it is not defined for negative integers and zero. For a complex number whose real part is a positive integer, the function is defined by: formula_2 Properties. Particular values. Some particular values of the gamma function are: formula_3 Pi function. Gauss introduced the Pi function. This is another way of denoting the gamma function. In terms of the gamma function, the Pi function is formula_4
is a medical condition caused by a spider bite. The skin can blister, form ulcers, and in some cases be destroyed (called necrosis). It is very painful and could need skin grafts. Doctors are still unclear about the treatment of the condition. The only spider identified as being a causative agent for necrotising arachnidism is the Recluse spider (specifically, the ). Whilst It is portrayed by the media to be caused by the bite of the white-tailed spider and the black house spider, no studies have definitively proven the causative link. There is no specific treatment for the condition.
The farthing was a coin of the Kingdom of England. It was worth one quarter of a penny, or of a pound sterling. The word 'farthing' is derived from the Anglo-Saxon "feorthing". It means a "fourthling" or "fourth part". The Anglo-Saxon word was probably derived from the Old Norse, "fjorthungr" meaning a "quarter".  Such coins were first minted in England in silver in the 13th century. They were used until 1707, when the Kingdom of England was taken over by Scottish King, King James that united The British mainland United Kingdom of Great Britain. Early farthings were silver. The farthing was small (only 10 millimeters in diameter) and very light (slightly more than 0.4 gram). Surviving examples are rare. The first copper farthings were issued during the reign of King James I. In the late 17th century the English farthing was also minted in tin.  In 1953, the British farthing's low value forced its last minting. A Londoner complained of abusive vendors when he tried to offer the coin for purchases. The coin ceased to be legal tender on 1 January 1961.
Adele Emeli Sandé best known as Emeli Sandé (born 10 March 1987) is a British singer and songwriter. She was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear to an English mother and Zambian father. She was raised in Alford, Aberdeenshire. She became famous after writing many songs for artists like Rihanna, Leona Lewis and Susan Boyle.  In 2010 she singed a contract with EMI. She then released two singles, "Read All About It" and "Beneath Your Beautiful", which went on top of the British charts. In 2012 she won the Brits Critics Choice award. Her first album, "Our Version of Events", was very successful, selling more than 100,000 copies in the first week. It was the best-selling album in the UK of 2012. She performed at the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics. In 2013 she won two BRIT Awards, one for Best Female Artist and one for Best Album. On 24 February 2014, she released her second EP, "Who Needs The World? EP". Her next album will be released in summer 2014. Personal life. Sandé married Adam Gouraguine in Montenegro in 2012. They later divorced in 2014.
SKU (often pronounced "skew") is an acronym for Stock-Keeping Unit. This is the barcode found on things sold in stores. It is made in a way that laser scanners in the check-out lane can read the code. The code is then used to find the price. Design. The bar code is made of vertical bars, some are thick, some are thin. The scanner can see these bars and the pattern of the bars tells them what the numbers are. The patterns are made in a way that the scanner can read it forwards or backwards, so it doesn't matter how the product is held, it can still read the number. The numbers are often also written underneath the bars, so that people can read the SKU. There are two parts to the number. The first part is who made the product, the second part is what the actual product is.
James "Jimmy" Perry OBE (9 September 1923 – 23 October 2016) was an English writer, scriptwriter, producer, author and actor who is known for creating the BBC sitcom "Dad's Army". Perry was born on September 9, 1923 in Barnes, Surrey, England. He studied at Colet Court and at St Paul's School. Perry lived in Algarve, Portugal.  Perry died in London on 23 October 2016 at the age of 93.
David John Croft, (born David John Andrew Sharland; 7 September 1922 – 27 September 2011) was an English writer, producer, and director. He created the BBC television sitcom "Dad's Army". Croft was born on 7 September 1922 in Sandbanks, Poole, Dorset, England. He studied at the Rugby School and at Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Croft was married to Ann Callender from 1952 until his death in 2011. They had seven children. Croft died on 27 September 2011 in his home in Tavira, Algarve, Portugal from natural causes, aged 89.
Tertullian (160-225) was an early Christian writer from Carthage. Though conservative in his worldview, Tertullian originated new theological concepts and advanced the development of early Church doctrine. He is perhaps most famous for being the first writer in Latin known to use the term trinity (Latin: trinitas). According to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Tertullian's trinity [is] not a triune God, but rather a triad or group of three, with God as the founding member".[13] A similar word had been used earlier in Greek,[a] though Tertullian gives the oldest extant use of the terminology as later incorporated into the Nicene Creed at the Second Ecumenical Council, the First Council of Constantinople in 381 AD, or as the Athanasian Creed, or both.[14] Other Latin formulations that first appear in his work are "One God, three persons, one substance" as the Latin "tres personae, una substantia", ('consubstantial', in English), itself from the Koine Greek "treis hypostases, homoousioi").[12] Influenced by Stoic philosophy, the "substance" of Tertullian, however, was a material substance that did not refer to a single God, but to the sharing of the divine substance of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.[13] He wrote his understanding of the three members of the trinity after becoming a Montanist.[12]
The National Governors Association (NGA) provides both state and national views regarding issues with usage of natural resources and management in the Progressive Era. It was founded in 1908 as the National Governors' Conference, at the Conference of Governors. The NGA represents the governors of the fifty U.S. states and five U.S. territories (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). The NGA serves as an important public policy liaison between the state governments and the federal government.
"Faxing Berlin" is a progressive house song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5. The song is featured on deadmau5's third studio album "Random Album Title".  The song received some controversy in 2008 by an artist named DirtyCircuit. DirtyCircuit said that he was threatened with legal action after he used a sample called "LP_Faxing Berlin C_128bpm" that came bundled with the digital audio workstation FL Studio which deadmau5 claimed copyright. The sample was a direct clip of a full bar from the song. A "Demo Track" was provided by deadmau5 which came bundled with FL Studio, along with many loop samples. FL Studio users became were in discomfort because of the case and some of the users had pointed out possible inconsistencies in the EULA of the software. The song reached #6 on the "Billboard" US Hot Dance Club Songs.
Lingula is a genus of brachiopods in the class Lingulata. "Lingula" is known to have existed since the early Ordovician period. "Lingula" is a good example of a living fossil. Like all brachiopods, it is a filter feeder. Brachiopods are superficially similar to bivalves, both having two shells. Brachiopods are easily distinguished from molluscs because they have (different) dorsal and ventral shells. Bivalves have mirrored right and left shells. "Lingula" and most brachiopods also have a stalk (or peduncle) that extends through a hole near the tip of one of its shells. Bivalves may be attached to a substrate with byssus filaments, that extend from between the shells. The Lingulata brachiopods have existed from the Cambrian period to the present, a time span of over 500 million years! Modern species of "Lingula" are very similar from their fossil ancestors.
Identity Thief is a 2013 comedy movie starring Jason Bateman and Melissa McCarthy. Bateman plays Sandy in this comedy. McCarthy plays Diana, the woman who stole Sandy's identity. Amanda Peet is also part of the cast. This movie received negative reviews. Yet, it debuted at number one in the United States.
Manfred Maria Porsch (born 14 April 1950 in Vienna) is an Austrian composer and teacher. He composes Austrian contemporary worship music. Manfred Porsch comes from the Focolare Movement. In 1971 and 1972, he toured with Gen Rosso. In 1983, he won first prize at the "Worldfestival of religious Song", the "Rassegna Mondiale della Canzone Religiosa Populare" in Rome. In 1987, Porsch founded "Musica e Vita Österreich" and started the festival series "Fest der Lieder". He has published about 200 songs. In 2012, after a long break from writing music, Porsch published new songs with the producer Thomas Raber.
Georg Bydlinski (born 30 May 1956 in Graz) is an Austrian writer. Life. Since 1982, Bydlinski has worked as a freelance writer in Mödling. In 1990, Bydliski took part in the Festival of German-Language Literature in Klagenfurt. Bydlinski writes novels, children's books and poems. He edits anthologies. He also translates. Bydlinski is a member of "IG Autorinnen Autoren", Grazer Autorenversammlung, ÖsterreicÖsterreichischer Schriftstellerverband, "Literaturkreises Podium" and "Friedrich-Bödecker-Kreis Hannover". Since 2013, he has worked with producer Thomas Raber.
The Antarctic Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Antarctica. The peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica. It is 1300 km long and reaches from Cape Adams (Weddell Sea) and a point on the mainland south of Eklund Islands. The northern tip is about 1000 km (600 miles) from Tierra del Fuego. There are many research stations as well as multiple claims of sovereignty on the Antarctic Peninsula. Average temperatures on the peninsula have risen by nearly 2°C in the past 50 years. This makes the Antarctic Peninsula one of the fastest warming places on Earth.
The classification of brachiopods is being discussed at present. The following is an overview of the different schemes which are proposed. The "traditional" classification was defined in 1869. Two further approaches were established in the 1990s: Principles. Underlying the discussion are some basic principles: About 330 living species are recognized, grouped into over 100 genera. The great majority of modern brachiopods are rhynchonelliforms (Articulata, but excluding Craniida).
Déborah François (born 24 May 1987) is an actress from Belgium. She lives in Paris, France. She is best known for her role as in Belgian film "L’Enfant" ("The Child"), French film "La Tourneuse de pages" ("The Page Turner"), and she won a César Award for her role in a 2008 French film "Le premier jour du reste de ta vie" ("The First Day of the Rest of Your Life"). She was born in Liège, Belgium which is in the French-speaking area. She is the daughter of a policeman and a social worker. She was awarded the Romy-Schneider Prize and Prix Suzanne Bianchetti.
Fertilisation of Orchids is a book by Charles Darwin. The book was published on 15 May 1862 under the full title "On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing". Darwin's previous book, "On the Origin of Species", had briefly mentioned evolutionary interactions between insects and the plants they fertilised. This new idea was explored in detail for orchids. The field studies and practical scientific investigations were initially a recreation for Darwin, a relief from the drudgery of writing. The work developed into enjoyable and challenging experiments, and he was helped by his family, friends, and a wide circle of correspondents. The book was his first detailed demonstration of natural selection. It explained how complex ecological relationships resulted in the co-evolution of orchids and insects. The view has been expressed that the book led directly or indirectly to all modern work on coevolution and the evolution of extreme specialisation. It influenced botanists, and revived interest in the long neglected idea that insects played a part in pollinating flowers. It supported his view that natural selection led to a variety of forms through the important benefits achieved by cross-fertilisation. Although the general public showed less interest and sales of the book were low, it established Darwin as a leading botanist. "Orchids" was the first in a series of books on his investigations into plants. The book describes how the relationship between insects and plants resulted in the beautiful and complex forms which had fascinated many naturalists. By showing how adaptations develop step by step, Darwin countered the view that beautiful organisms were the handiwork of a Creator. Darwin's painstaking observations, experiments, and detailed dissection of the flowers explained previously unknown features. such as the puzzle of "Catasetum", three completely different kinds of flowers. Darwin discusses how the Sack-Shaped Catasetum ("Catasetum saccatum"), a tropical South American species, launches its sticky pollen sacs with explosive force when an insect touches a hair (seta). His friend Thomas Huxley said "Do you really think I can believe all that?" In the book Darwin made
Cocker Spaniel is the name for two dog breeds of the Spaniel type: The English Cocker Spaniel and the American Cocker Spaniel. Originally, these dogs were bred in England for hunting Eurasian Woodcock. Cocker spaniels are popular family pets. The English version is usually brown and ginger in color. Their fur is very soft and their noses are big. They have very big floppy ears. There are two version of cocker spaniels, show dogs and hunters. They are the smallest of the sporting dogs. They are bred from an earlier 19th century dog called field spaniels. The smallest dogs in litters were called "cockers". This was because they were small enough to go under hedgerows where larger dogs could not go. They could also move through brambles and bushes to flush woodcocks into the open. The smaller dogs became the American cockers while the larger dogs became the English variety. References. &lt;br&gt;
The 2013 Southern California shootings were an incident that happened in Southern California. The victims were law enforcement officers and related families. The incident began on February 3, 2013, around which point 28-year-old Monica Quan and her fiancé Keith Lawrence, in Irvine, were found dead. They were shot in Lawrence's car. The suspected perpetrator of the crime, Christopher Dorner, put out a manifesto one day after the crime. Dorner is a former officer of the Los Angeles Police Department. On February 7, the driver of a pickup truck fired a rifle onto two officers, grazing the head of one and killing another. The one that was killed was Michael Crain, who died shortly after the shooting. Dorner was later found by police on February 12 and hid in a wooden cabin. The cabin later caught on fire. Human remains was found with a wallet reading "Christopher Dorner". Christopher Dorner's early life. Christopher Dorner had many different identities in his lifetime. He was regarded as been an upstanding citizen, an athlete, a law enforcement officer and a decorated military veteran. Some people who knew him indicated that he was very intelligent and sensitive. In a photo released by the police, he was standing up straight with the police uniform, smiling warmly, and the background for this photo is the American flag. In 2008, he was dismissed from the LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) on a charge of making false statements. His colleagues said this was the turning point for his life. He typed 6000 words and posted it on the Internet. He released his anger and bitterness because of a decision that was made five years ago. He believed and firmly believe the racism, twenty years after the beating of black suspect Rodney King by white officers unleashed waves of rioting in Los Angeles. Overview of the case. Dorner started his killing with a plan. First he had a package with some complaints, and sent it to Anderson Cooper, who is a television personality, and arrive at CNN on February 1, 2013. Then Dorner tailed after a couple and killed them into their car on February 3, 2013. In this murder case,
"The Lost Wand" is a fairy tale written by Jean Ingelow and published by The Wonder Box Tales in 1902 The story revolves around Hulda, a lucky young girl in Norway who receives the opportunity to be granted a wish after finding a ring in her slice of cake. Summary. All the children were in awe of the beautiful cake Hulda's grandmother made, and they were all knew about the magic it held. There is a fairy disguised as a flower on the top of the cake, and a ring hidden within it. The children can make a wish for whatever they pleased if they were lucky enough to find the ring. After finding the magical ring in her slice, Hulda can make a wish. A fairy appears from the flower on top of the cake, and tells Hulda she will give her anything she wishes for. Not knowing what her wish would bring, she asks for the fairy's wand. After handing Hulda her beautiful gold wand, the fairy is loses her powers and will be held at the will of her enemy if she doesn’t get the wand back. It could not be returned immediately, it had to be on a midsummers day. Until then, the fairy asked that Hulda keep it safe for her while she was gone. Days passed and the fairy had never returned. Hulda thought the fairy had died. A dishonest guest paid a visit to Hulda and got her to trade the wand for a piece of his beautiful jewellery. After trading the wand for a bracelet with a bird clasp, Hulda realizes her visitor was actually a gnome. The gnome was the enemy the fairy had been worried about; with the wand he would make the fairy his slave. Hulda was aware she made a mistake, and did not rest until she retrieved the gold wand and returned it to the fairy. Not only did she give the fairy her powers back, but also in turn she saved her own life. History and Origin. A Lost Wand was written in the mid 1800s. Most of her work was published in 1865. A lot of Ingelow’s literature was influenced by the writings of Lewis Carroll and George Macdonald.
Jizya or jizyah was a tax imposed upon dhimmi, non-Muslim residents in Muslim countries, as in the Ottoman Empire. Jews and Christians were required to pay the "jizya".