ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The history of biology covers the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. People began to think about biology as a specific field in the 1800s. Medicine and natural history came first. Specifics Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine, and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world. In the Middle Ages, Muslim physicians and scholars such as Avicenna continued to develop the field.  The European Renaissance changed biology because people discovered new organisms and began to think more scientifically, using Empiricism. Important scientists related to this change were Vesalius and Harvey in physiology and Linnaeus and Buffon in natural history. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope to reveal microorganisms. His work would lead to cell theory. In the 1700s and 1800s, many specific fields related to biology developed. Botany and zoology were the first to fully develop. Biogeography, ecology, ethology, embryology, and paleontology also started to build. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection brought many of these ideas together. People stopped believing in spontaneous generation. In medicine, people started to believe in the germ theory of disease. Around 1900, big change happened in genetics. Carl Correns found work by Gregor Mendel on genetics pea plants. Then Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students applied Mendel's work to fruit flies. By the 1930s, population genetics were studied with natural selection in the "neo-Darwinian synthesis". In 1953, Watson and Crick explained the structure of DNA. Other big developments in the 1900s included the Central Dogma and understanding the genetic code and its rules. Now, biology is separated into different fields, or subjects. The main fields are organismal biology, cell biology, and molecular biology.
Area code 270 and 364 are area codes for Kentucky. 270 was created as a split from 502 on April 19, 1999. It covers cities such as Bowling Green, Hopkinsville, Owensboro, Paducah, Henderson, and Murray. It was overlaid by 364 on March 3, 2014, despite first being announced in 2007. The introduction of 364 was delayed several times due to number pooling which delayed the need for it to be introduced. Initially intended as a split in 2007 when first introduced, it was later changed to an overlay in September 2012 when it was announced that 270 was close to being used up and 364 could no longer be delayed.
A coastal plain is a flat, low piece of land next to the ocean. Some of the biggest coastal plains are in Alaska and the southeastern United States.
Excidobates is a group of frogs. These frogs are poison dart frogs. They live in Peru and Ecuador in places where water goes into the Marañón River. Scientists used to put these frogs in "Dendrobates". The frogs in this group all have light, oval-shaped spots on the bottoms of their back legs. Species. These species are in the genus:
Grid paper or graph paper is a sheet of paper with a grid on it, so it’s easier to plot graphs and draw curves. It is often used in mathematics and engineering.
Area code 219 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the northwest part of Indiana, including cities like Gary, Hammond, and East Chicago. This area code was one of the original area codes created in 1947 and originally covered the entire northern half of Indiana. In 2002, area code 219 was split, and the central and eastern parts were given new area codes (574 and 260).
Area code 903 and 430 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the northeastern part of Texas, including cities like Tyler, Longview, and Sherman. Area code 903 was created in 1990 when it was split from area code 214. In 2003, area code 903 was overlaid with area code 430 to provide more phone numbers for the growing region. People living in this area now have to dial ten digits, including the area code, for local calls.
Area codes 415 and 628 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. They cover San Francisco and the surrounding areas in California, including Marin County and part of San Mateo County. Area code 415 was one of the original area codes established in 1947. Area code 415 originally covered a much larger region but was split multiple times to create new area codes, such as 408 and 707 in 1959, 510 in 1991, and 650 in 1997, due to the increasing demand for phone numbers. It was overlaid by 628 in 2015.
Area code 417 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the southwestern part of Missouri, including cities like Springfield, Joplin, and Branson. This area code was created in 1950 when it was split from area code 816. It is not projected to be used up until 2030.
Area codes 408 and 669 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. They cover the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in California, including cities like San Jose, Sunnyvale, and Gilroy. Area code 408 was created in 1959, on the same day as 707 when it was split from area code 415. 408 was split by 831 in 1998 and then overlaid with 669 in 2012.
Area code 409 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the southeastern part of Texas, including cities like Beaumont, Galveston, and Port Arthur. Area code 409 was created in 1983 when it was split from area code 713. It originally covered a much larger region but was split in 2000 to create area codes 936 and 979.
Area codes 410, 443 and 667 are telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. They cover the eastern part of Maryland, including cities like Baltimore, Annapolis, and Ocean City. Area code 410 was created in 1991 when it was split from area code 301. To meet the increasing demand for phone numbers, area code 410 was overlaid with area codes 443 and 667 in 1997 and 2012, respectively.
Area code 418, 581, and 367 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the eastern part of the province of Quebec in Canada, including cities like Quebec City, Saguenay, and Rimouski. Area code 418 was one of the original area codes created in 1947. It was overlaid with area code 581 in 2008 and again with area code 367 on November 24, 2018.
Area codes 419 and 567 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the northwestern part of Ohio, including cities like Toledo, Lima, and Mansfield. Area code 419 was one of the original area codes created in 1947. As the demand for phone numbers increased, area code 419 was overlaid with area code 567 in 2002.
Area code 512 and 737 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the central part of Texas, including cities like Austin, San Marcos, and Round Rock. Area code 512 was established in 1947 as one of the original area codes and initially served the entire state of Texas. Over time, as the population grew and the demand for phone numbers increased, area code 512 was split to create 210 in 1992. It was overlaid by 737 in 2013.
The 2025–26 UEFA Champions League will be the 71th season of Europe's top club football tournament. It is organized by UEFA, the football authority in Europe. This season is also the 33rd since they changed its name from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The final will be played on 30 May 2026 at Puskás Aréna in Budapest, Hungary.
Area code 513 and 283 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the southwestern part of Ohio, including cities like Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Middletown. Area code 513 was established in 1947 as one of the original area codes and originally served the entire state of Ohio. Over time, as the demand for phone numbers increased, area code 513 was split by 937 in 1996 and overlaid by 283 on April 28, 2023, although 283 was first introduced back in 2000.
Area code 514 was one of the original area codes established in 1947. It covers the Island of Montreal in the province of Quebec, Canada, including cities like Montreal, Dorval, and Dollard-des-Ormeaux. It was split by 819 in 1957 and 450 in 1998, then it was overlaid by 438 in 2006 and 263 in 2022.
Area code 515 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers central Iowa, including cities like Des Moines, Ames, and West Des Moines. Area code 515 was established in 1947 as one of the original area codes and initially served the entire state of Iowa. It was split by 641 in 2000.
Area code 517 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers south-central Michigan, including cities like its capital city, Lansing, Jackson, and Adrian. Area code 517 was established in 1947 as one of the original area codes and initially served the entire southern half of Michigan. It was split by 989 in 2001.
Area codes 519, 226, 548, and 382 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. They cover southwestern Ontario, Canada, including cities like Windsor, London, and Kitchener. Area code 519 was created in 1953 as a split from 416. When the population grew and more phone numbers were needed, more changes happened:
Area code 612 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the city of Minneapolis and some of its surrounding suburbs in the state of Minnesota. Area code 612 was one of the original area codes established in 1947 and initially served the eastern, southeastern, and southern portions of Minnesota. Over time, as the population grew and the demand for phone numbers increased, area code 612 was split by 651 and 763, in 1998 and 2000, respectively.
Area code 613 was one of the original area codes established in 1947. It initially served the entire eastern part of the province of Ontario. Over time, as the population increased and the demand for phone numbers grew, area code 613 was split by 705, then overlaid by 343 in 2010 and 753 on March 26, 2022. It now covers eastern Ontario, Canada, including cities like Ottawa, Kingston, and Cornwall.
Area code 614 and 380 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the central region of Ohio, including the city of Columbus, the state capital. Area code 614 was established in 1947 as one of the original area codes and initially served the entire state of Ohio. As the population grew and the demand for phone numbers increased, area code 614 was split by 740 in 1996 and the overlaid by 380 on February 27, 2016.
Area code 615 and 629 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers central Tennessee, including cities like Nashville, its state capital, Murfreesboro, and Franklin. Area code 615 was established in 1954 when it was split from area code 901. Over time, as the population and demand for phone numbers increased, area code 615 was split again to create area code 931 in 1997 and then overlaid by 629 in 2015.
Area code 321 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the central east coast of Florida, including cities like Orlando, Melbourne, and Titusville. Area code 321 entered service on November 1, 1999 as an overlay of 407 to accommodate the increasing demand for phone numbers in the region. The split was implemented to manage the growing population and telecommunications needs specifically in the Space Coast area, known for its aerospace industry and tourism. This code is also a reference to the countdown sequence of spacecrafts, most of which have taken place in Cape Canaveral.
Area code 520 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers southern Arizona, including cities like Tucson, Sierra Vista, and Nogales. Area code 520 entered service on March 19, 1995 as a split from 602 and surrounded the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was the third interchangeable area code to be introduced after 334 and 360. It was split by 928 in 2001 and limited to the southern section of Arizona.
Area code 970 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the western and northern parts of Colorado, including cities like Fort Collins, Grand Junction, and Durango. Area code 970 was created on April 2, 1995 as a split from 303, making it the fourth interchangeable area code after 334, 360, and 520. This area is set to be overlaid by 748 on July 7, 2025.
Huygens was a space probe that landed on Titan, a moon of Saturn, in 2005. It was launched with the Cassini probe in 1997. The probe was named after Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch astronomer who discovered Titan. Huygens was the first probe to land on Titan and the farthest place a probe has ever landed. Overview. Construction. Huygens was built by Aérospatiale in France, now part of Thales Alenia Space. The heat shield was made near Bordeaux by Aérospatiale, now part of Airbus Defence and Space. Martin-Baker Space Systems made the parachute systems and other parts to help it land. IRVIN-GQ designed the parachutes and worked on the landing system with Martin-Baker. In space. On October 15, 1997, the Cassini spacecraft was launched. The Huygens probe was attached to it. On December 25, 2004, the Huygens probe left Cassini and traveled to Titan.  On January 14, 2005, the Huygens probe landed on Titan. It bounced and slid to a stop, finding pebbles made of water ice on an orange surface with methane haze. Huygens' pictures showed rivers of liquid methane, drainage channels, and dry lakebeds, which means there was recent liquid activity. While no permanent lakes were found at the landing site, later data from the Cassini mission showed lakes in Titan's polar regions. Huygens found the surface to be like damp sand made of ice grains, with rounded rocks and pebbles indicating fluid action. The temperature was very cold at , with methane making up 5% of the atmosphere. The light on Titan was much dimmer than on Earth, with an orange sky due to Titan's haze. After 90 minutes, Huygens stopped sending data, even though it was designed to last longer. Landing site of the Huygens probe:
Area code 941 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the southwestern part of Florida, including cities like Sarasota, Bradenton, and Punta Gorda. Area code 941 was established on May 28, 1995 as a split from area code 813, being the fifth interchangeable area code after 334, 360, 520, and 970.
Area codes 540 and 826 are telephone area codes in the state of Virginia. Area code 540 was created on July 15, 1995 as a split from 703. It covers the northwestern and southwestern parts of Virginia, including cities like Alexandria, Fairfax, Roanoke, Harrisonburg, and Fredericksburg. It was split by 276 in 2001 and then overlaid by 826 on June 14, 2022.
Area codes 787 and 939 are area codes for Puerto Rico. Area code 787 was created on March 1, 1996 as a split from 809, which initially served the entire Caribbean Islands. It was overlaid by 939 in 2001, since it was being used up fast due to the increasing demand for phone numbers. When typed on a phone keypad, 787 is memorizable for the mnemonic, PUR, which stands for Puerto Rico.
Area codes 876 and 658 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan that cover Jamaica, including major cities like Kingston, Montego Bay, and Spanish Town. Area code 876 entered service as a 1997 as a split from area code 809, which originally covered the entire Caribbean region. As the demand for phone numbers grew, area code 658 overlaid 876 on April 30, 2019.
Area code 809 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. Established in 1958, area code 809 originally served the entire Caribbean region, including Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and other nearby islands. However, due to increasing demand for phone numbers, many regions were split off into new area codes, such as 787 and 939 for Puerto Rico, and 868 for Trinidad and Tobago. As of 1996, it simply covers the Dominican Republic. It was overlaid by 829 in 2005 and 849 in 2009.
Area code 264 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers Anguilla, a British overseas territory in the Caribbean. Area code 264 was established in 1997 when it was split from area code 809, which previously served the entire Caribbean region. The digits "264" spell out "ANG," which is a short form for Anguilla, making the code easy to remember for residents and visitors.
Area code 868 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers Trinidad and Tobago, including major cities like Port of Spain, San Fernando, and Chaguanas. Area code 868 was established in 1997 when it was split from area code 809, which originally served the entire Caribbean region. This change was made to accommodate the growing demand for phone numbers in Trinidad and Tobago. The digits "868" spell "TNT" which stand for Trinidad and Tobago.
Area code 284 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the British Virgin Islands, including major islands like Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and Anegada. Area code 284 was established in 1997 when it was split from area code 809, which previously served the entire Caribbean region. The digits "284" spell out "BVI," which stands for British Virgin Islands, making it easy to remember for residents and visitors.
Area code 473 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers Grenada, a country located in the Caribbean Sea. Area code 473 was established to serve Grenada's telecommunications needs. It is part of the numbering plan that includes various Caribbean nations and was implemented to ensure efficient phone number distribution within Grenada.
Area code 441 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers Bermuda, a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It was established to serve Bermuda's telecommunications needs. It is part of the numbering plan that includes various British Overseas Territories and was implemented to ensure efficient phone number distribution within Bermuda.
Area code 684 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers American Samoa, a territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean. Area code 684 was established in 2004 to serve American Samoa's telecommunications needs.
Area code 784 was established to serve Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' telecommunications needs. It is part of the numbering plan that includes various Caribbean nations and was implemented to ensure efficient phone number distribution within the country. The digits "SVG" stand for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Area code 767 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan. It covers the Commonwealth of Dominica, an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. Area code 767 was established in 1997 to serve Dominica's telecommunications needs. The number 767 stands for the letters "ROS" and may be mnemonic for Roseau, Dominica's capital city.
Ugo Njoku (born 27 November 1994, in Nigeria) is a Nigerian footballer defender. She played for the Croix Savoie Ambilly club in the Nigerian Women's Championship. Njoku also played for the Nigeria women's national team. International career. Ugo Njoku played for Rivers Angels in the Nigerian Women's Championship from 2013 to 2017. In 2018, she started to play for the Croix Savoie Ambilly. Njoku played her first international games in the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. This match was against Namibia. She also was in the squad that won in the 2014 African Women's Championship. In May 2015, Njoku played for the Nigeria team in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. During the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group Match vs Australia, Njoku used her elbow to hit the player Sam Kerr in the face. Njoku was not allowed to play fo three games. Because of this, she could not play for the rest of the tournament.
The Baizai Bangashes are supposed to have settled in the neighborhood of Kohat in the 15th century.  History. Daulat Khel. Daulat Khel is a sub-tribe of Baizai. This tribe was first settled in Kohat in the end of 14th century. Bai Khan, their reputed ancestor, is said to have had a son named Daulat Khan, and the tappa is often named Daulat Khel after him, Daulat Khel and Baizai being almost synonymous terms.  Divisions of Daulat Khel. The main divisions of Daulat Khel were Malak Miri, Behzadi, Karamdadi, and Allahdadi. The Behzadis constitute an important sub-division of the Baizai. Presently, they settled on the old Bannu Road near the Cantoment. The Malik Miris, the Karamdadis were massacred by the Behzadis, and the few remnants took refuge in the Chahch tract in the Attock district, The Alladadis, like Karamdadis, also suffered at the hands of the Behzadis and migrated to other areas. A few of their families are settled in Nusrat Khel settlement on the west side of Kohat city, some with the Behzadis in Behzadi Chikar Kot, while their majority moved toChahch and other parts of Hind. Allahdad and Karamdad were from the same mother.The elder of the clan narrated that Allahdad was the eldest of the fur brothers. The clans were then settled at the source of the water springs near Company Bagh in Kohat. Allahdad Khan and Karamdad Khan had a contiguous area with Behzad Khan that extended from Kohat city, including the present cantonment, to Kohat Development Authority town, down in the south to village Jarma, and in the east up to Ghandiyali and Shadi Khel,Being an elder, Allahdad Khan allocated a major portion of the tract to the Karamdad and to himself, which was resented
The Interpublic Group of Companies is an American publicly traded advertising company. It was founded in 1930. It consists of five major networks: FCB, IPG Mediabrands, McCann Worldgroup, MullenLowe Group and Marketing Specialists, as well as several independent specialty agencies in the areas of public relatihelllo ons, sports marketing, talent representation and healthcare. It is one of the "Big Four" agency companies, alongside WPP, Publicis and Omnicom.
"Emotions" is a 1991 song by Mariah Carey and is the title track to her second studio album "Emotions". It went to number 1 in the United States and Canada, number 3 in New Zealand, Norway and Greece, number 17 in the United Kingdom, number 11 in Australia, number 13 in the United Kingdom, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, number 27 in Ireland and number 30 in Sweden. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1992.
A Land Value Tax (LVT) is a type of tax that the government charges on the value of land. This tax does not include the value of buildings or other improvements made to the land. So, it does not matter whether there’s a luxury mansion built on the land, or whether it’s empty, the land is only taxed for the value of the land itself and nothing else.  The government assesses the value of the land and sets a percentage rate to charge as the tax. The landowner then pays this tax to the government. The idea behind the land value tax is that it’s fairer to tax land than it is to tax other things like income produced from work. This is because the value of land often increases when there are developments nearby. When other people work to improve the area, like open up shops, cafes, libraries and malls near a piece of land, that piece of land will rise in value, enriching the owner, even though the owner did not actively work to help improve anything themselves. So, by taxing the land value, it’s not only the owner who benefits from the increase of land price, but also the community of the area. A land value tax is simple to calculate and collect. This makes it easier for the government to get the money they need. And because land is a fixed asset that the landowners cannot move or hide, taxing the land is a reliable source of income. Additionally, this tax creates incentives for landowners to make good use of their land, which can lead to overall community growth and improvement. A land value tax also helps to reduce speculative holding of land. Speculation involves buying land with the hope that its value will increase over time, allowing the owner to sell it for a profit. This practice can lead to land being held without being used, which can stifle development and inflate property prices. By imposing a tax on the land value itself, LVT discourages this behavior and promotes active and purposeful land use.