ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Tidal energy, sometimes called "tidal power", is using the energy of moving water in tides and open ocean currents. It is most used for hydroelectricity.  Tidal energy systems can take kinetic energy (energy caused by movement) from the moving water of rivers, tides and open ocean currents. They can also use potential energy from the difference in height between high and low tides. Getting energy from tidal currents is becoming more popular because people believe that it does not harm the environment as much as barrages or dams. Many coastal sites around the world are being checked to see if they can be used to produce tidal energy.  Like other hydroelectricity (electricity made using water), tidal power makes no pollution and is a renewable energy source. It is renewable because tides are caused by events that happen in the solar system and so will not run out. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the very large amount of energy contained in these systems. Tidal power is reliably predictable (unlike wind power and solar power). In Europe, tide mills have been used for nearly 1,000 years, mainly for grinding grains. Modern tide mills provide tidal stream power. Many things affect tides. The pull of the Moon is the largest effect, and most of the energy comes from the slowing of the Earth's spin.
Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born August 3, 1979) is a Canadian actress, known for her leading role as Kate Austen on the ABC drama mystery series "Lost", which ran for six seasons (2004–2010). Personal life. Evangeline was once married to Canadian hockey player Murray Hone. She also dated Dominic Monaghan, who was also on "Lost". The two broke up in 2007. Her nicknames include "Evi" and "Monkey". The other actors on "Lost" gave her the name "Monkey" because she can climb trees easily, a skill that her character Kate also has. "Lost"-actor Josh Holloway also calls her "Freckles", sharing the nickname his character Sawyer gave her.
A view is what can be seen in somebody's vision. A view can also be a very scenic image. It can also be someone's opinion on something or how they look at something. There are many types of views.
Courtly love is a special idea of love that people had in Europe in the Middle Ages. The word "court" means the courts where princes or dukes lived. Courtly love is usually when a young man, who may be a peasant or even a simple King, falls in love with a rich lady and tries to make himself worthy of her by doing brave things or by singing beautiful love songs. The idea of courtly love can be found in a lot of literature e.g. in works by Geoffrey Chaucer, Dante, Gottfried von Strassburg, Walther von der Vogelweide, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Malory and William Shakespeare.
A royal court or noble court is the household of a royal family—including its advisors and attendants. The building is often called a palace, but the "royal court" means not just the buildings but all the royal household (all the people who live and work there). Someone who has a rank in a royal court is called a court official or courtier. A royal court can also include the wives and concubines of the ruler. It is called a court because in early times the palace would have a court (an enclosed space) at the front. In history there were great rulers who held important courts, e.g. Charlemagne. A famous example is Hampton Court on the river Thames in London where Henry VIII had his court. Today the King holds court at Buckingham Palace.
A statesman or stateswoman is a respected, skilled and experienced political leader or figure. In most respects a statesman is the opposite of a politician. Politicians are thought of as people who will say or do anything to get elected or to gain power. A statesman is someone who does everything for the common good of the people he or she represents. To call a person a statesman is a mark of high regard for that person's integrity. To call someone a politician usually implies the person is worthy of very little esteem. For example, George Washington is almost always called a statesman. An elder statesman is a term often defined as an older politician or advisor who is thought to be above normal politics. Statesman principals. In 51 BC, Cicero published his work "De re publica" ("On the Republic"). The dialog was about what made a true statesman. It was about the virtues and ideals such a leader must have. Cicero wrote that a great statesman did not have to descend from aristocrats. But he must have "virtus" (virtue), "iustitia" (a sense of justice) and wisdom. He must also have "dignitas" (roughly translated as dignity), temperance and must show generosity and be magnanimous. A statesman has certain core values and will not change beliefs simply to advance a political career. If a change in policy is necessary for the good of the people he or she serves, the change will be made no matter how much it is criticized. According to Hans J. Morgenthau, author of "Politics Among Nations", statesmen see things realistically; as they really are. They look at how a policy will affect a nation. A statesman is not the same as a monarch or king because their goals are not the same. A statesman does not want to dominate or control people, he or she wants to educate them so they are fit to live in a democracy. Like Plato before him, Alexis de Tocqueville believed that a statesman not only educated his or her people, he somehow shaped their character. When Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States in 1861, most people saw
Chris Gueffroy (21 June 1968 in Pasewalk – 6 February 1989 in Berlin) was the last person to be killed by border troops while trying to escape across the Berlin Wall. Gueffroy and his friend Christian Gaudian tried to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin on the night of 5 to 6 February 1989. They tried to cross near the Britz district canal. Gueffroy and Gaudian thought that the "Schießbefehl", the order to shoot anyone who attempted to cross the wall, had been stopped. Climbing the last metal fence, the two were seen and shot at by the National People's Army (NVA) border troops. Gueffroy was hit in the chest by ten shots and died in the border strip. Gaudian was badly injured, and was arrested and was sentenced on 24 May 1989 to imprisonment for three years by the Pankow district court for trying illegally to cross the border ("versuchten ungesetzlichen Grenzübertritts im schweren Fall"). In September 1989 Gaudian was freed on bail by the East German government and on 17 October 1989 he was transferred to West Berlin. The four border guards at first got an award ("Leistungsabzeichen der Grenztruppen") from the chief of the local border guards, Erich Wöllner, and a prize of 150 East German Marks each. After the reunification of East and West Germany, they were prosecuted by Berlin regional court. Two of them were released in January 1992. Ingo Heinrich, who fired the shot that killed Gueffroey was sentenced to three and a half years in jail. The Bundesgerichtshof reduced the penalty to a suspended sentence of two years in 1994. In 2000, two SED officials, Siegfried Lorenz and Hans-Joachim Böhme, were tried for the death of Gueffroy and two other young men, but acquitted as the judge could find no evidence that they might have been able to lift the shoot-to-
Electricity generation is the making of electricity for use by people. Most comes from rotary electrical generators turned by various engines. History. Making electricity in one central place became useful when electric power distribution was possible. This required power transformers which could change voltage. Electricity could be sent as alternating current along electric power lines for great distances cheaply. People have been using electric light bulbs, electric motors, and other things that use electricity since the late 19th century. Different sources of energy have been used to run generators, including coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, and petroleum power and a small amount from solar energy, tidal harnesses, wind generators, and geothermal sources. Electricity demand. The demand for electricity can be met in two different ways. The main method is to build large centralized projects to generate and transmit the electricity required. Many of these projects have caused unpleasant environmental effects such as air or radiation pollution and the flooding of large areas of land. Distributed generation creates power on a smaller scale at locations on the electricity network. These sites often generate electricity as a byproduct of other industry such as using gas from landfills to power turbines. Methods of generating electricity. Turbines. Rotating turbines attached to electrical generators produce most commercially available electricity. Turbines are driven by a fluid which acts as an intermediate energy carrier. The fluids typically used are: Combined cycle gas turbine plants are driven by both steam and gas. They generate power by burning natural gas in a gas turbine and use residual heat to generate additional electricity from steam. These plants offer efficiencies of up to 60%. Reciprocating engines. Small electricity generators are often powered by reciprocating engines burning diesel fuel, biogas or natural gas. Diesel generators are often used for backup power, usually at low voltages. Biogas is often combusted where it is produced, such as a landfill or wastewater treatment plant, with a reciprocating engine or a microturbine, which is a small gas turbine. Photovoltaic panels. Unlike the solar heat concentrators, photovoltaic panels convert sunlight directly to electricity. Although sunlight is free, solar panels cost a lot of money to make and have only a 10-20
Casey Kasem (born Kemal Amin Kasem; April 27, 1932– June 15, 2014) was an American radio personality, music historian, actor, and voice artist. He is known for his many voice roles in cartoons and for being a public radio personality. Early life. Kasem was born Kemal Amin Kasem in Detroit, Michigan, on April 27, 1932, to Lebanese Druze immigrant parents. They settled in Michigan, where they worked as grocers. Kasem graduated from Northwestern High School in Detroit and Wayne State University. Career. Kasem's career began in the radio business in the 1950s in Flint, Michigan. He then made his first movie appearance in "Easy Rider" in 1967. He was the host of the weekly "American Top 40" radio show from 1970 to 1988, and again from March 1998, until January 10, 2004. Ryan Seacrest is now the host. Kasem is the host of two weekly radio shows, "American Top 20 with Casey Kasem" and "American Top 10 with Casey Kasem". Kasem did the voice of many advertisements, has done many voices for "Sesame Street", and is the voice of 'Shaggy' for the animated television show "Scooby-Doo". Kasem retired in 2009, because of old age and health concerns. Personal life. Kasem married Linda Myers in 1972. The couple had three children. Kasem then married Jean Thompson in 1980. The couple had one child. Kasem lived in Washington state. Kasem was a Democrat. He narrated television ads for 1972 president candidate George McGovern's campaign. Disappearance. On May 12, 2014, Kasem was declared missing by a Los Angeles court judge ordered an investigation for his whereabouts. Soon after, Kasem was found alive in Washington state. Health. Kasem suffered from Parkinson's disease and an early form of dementia. On June 6, 2014, Kasem was in critical but stable condition at a hospital in Washington
Bloc Party is a British indie rock band. The band has four members: Kele Okereke sings and plays rhythm guitar, Russell Lissack plays the lead guitar, Justin Harris plays bass guitar, and Louise Bartle plays the drums. The band's music has been compared to bands such as the Cure, Gang of Four and the Strokes. The band formed during the 1999 Reading Festival. They tried many different names before they chose Bloc Party. Moakes joined after reading an advertisement in "NME" magazine. Tong was picked through an audition. The band was first noticed when they gave BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq and Franz Ferdinand's lead singer Alex Kapranos a copy of its music demo, "She's Hearing Voices". It was later released as a single. In February 2005, the band released its debut album, "Silent Alarm". It received great reviews from many critics, and made "NME"'s Album of the Year list. The album was successful enough to reach platinum status in the UK a year later. The band released its second album, "A Weekend in the City", in 2007. This album reached number two on the UK album chart and number twelve on the "Billboard" 200. In August 2008, the band released their third album, "Intimacy". 4 years later, in 2012, the band released their fourth album, Four, and in 2016, the band released their fifth album, Hymns. History. Early days and first releases. Russell Lissack and Kele Okereke first met in 1998 in Essex. They saw each other again in 1999 at the Reading Festival and then decided to form a band. Bass guitar player Gordon Moakes joined after answering an advertisement in "NME", and drummer Matt Tong joined after an audition. They were called Union at the start, the band chose to call themselves Bloc Party in September 2003 as another way of saying "block party". The band have said in interviews that the name was not supposed to be related to the Soviet Bloc or the Canadian political party Bloc Québécois. However, Gordon
VfR Mannheim a German football team. It is in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club was formed in 1911. The team won German Championship back in 1940s. VfR Mannheim rivals are Waldhof Mannheim who's stadion is right next to VfR Mannheim's stadion and training facilities
If a book or a TV show is about science, and is made easy so everyone can understand, then it is popular science. It is "popular" because it is made for the whole "population", not just for scientists. Nature documentaries are examples of popular science. Popular science is non-fiction, so it is not the same as "science fiction". Popular science is also not the same as "Science journalism". Science journalism is what journalists write to report the newest theories and discoveries made in science, but popular science is not always about what is newest. Some famous people who make popular science are David Attenborough, Isaac Asimov, Jacob Bronowski, Arthur C. Clarke, Martin Gardner, J.B.S. Haldane, Stephen Hawking, Bill Nye, and Carl Sagan. Popular science and scientific literature. When scientists write about their work, first they publish in scientific journals such as "Nature" and "Science". Then they may write books. The purpose of popular science is to show scientific literature in a way that different types of scientists, and people who are not scientists, will easily understand. When people take an idea from scientific literature and change it into popular science, important things about that idea may be left out or added in. Popular science is a bridge between the literature written for scientists, and the realms of popular writing which ordinary people use. The goal of the genre is to capture the methods and accuracy of science, while making the language more accessible. Popular science has its problems. Some popular science is made by people who do not understand the subject well. Some is made by people who have a strong bias. Some is part science and part pseudoscience. It can be hard for someone who is not an expert to tell which works of popular science are reliable. Museums, television programs and websites are also in the business of communicating science to the wider public. Not all of these are reliable. The oldest institution devoted to link science to the public may be the Gresham College, which was founded in 1597 in London. It was not entirely devoted to science. The Royal Institution in London has similar aims, and is devoted to science. It was founded in 1799. Both of these institutions have always given lectures by experts to the general public.
A lullaby is a song which is sung to help a baby or small child go to sleep. Composers of classical music often wrote pieces for instruments to play (very often for piano solo) which they called "lullaby". They also used the French word "Berceuse". Brahms wrote his famous "Wiegenlied" originally for a young singer, Bertha Faber, when she gave birth to her second son. Lullabies always have a gentle, rocking rhythm with a simple accompaniment. Frédéric Chopin's "Berceuse" is a lullaby for piano. Gabriel Fauré wrote one at the beginning of his "Dolly Suite" for piano duet. There are many other examples.  Mothers sing lullabies to their children at bedtime. "Rock-a-bye Baby" and "Hush Little Baby" are two very well-known lullabies. There is an example of lullaby: "Rock-a-bye baby" "On the tree tops,""When the wind blows" "The cradle will rock." "When the bough breaks" "The cradle will fall," "And down will come baby" "Cradle and all."
Lund is a city in Scania, in the south of Sweden. About 80,000 people live there, which makes it the eleventh biggest city in Sweden. It is close to Malmö. The municipality has about 105,000 people.  Lund is known for its university, Lund University (founded in 1666). It is the largest university in Scandinavia. The city is also known for its cathedral, Lund Cathedral ("Lunds domkyrka"). Lund is an old city. It was probably founded around the year 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark.
Joachim Löw (born 3 February 1960) is a German former professional football player who formerly managed the Germany national football team after being eliminated by England in the UEFA Euro 2020 Round of 16. He became a World Cup winning manager when his team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Honours. Managerial. VfB Stuttgart Tirol Innsbruck Austria Wien Germany
Max Reger (born in Brand, Bavaria, 19 March 1873; died 11 May 1916) was a German composer, organist, pianist and teacher. Life. Reger’s father was a schoolteacher who was an amateur musician. When he was a boy Max helped his father to rebuild an organ that was going to be thrown away. This was the instrument on which he learned to play. It was some time before he started proper lessons, but by the time he was a teenager he was playing the organ for church services. When he was 15 he went to Bayreuth to hear Wagner’s operas. This was the moment when Reger decided he wanted to become a musician. Reger studied music in Munich and Wiesbaden with a famous teacher Hugo Riemann. He composed a lot of music, especially for the organ. His musical style was similar to that of Brahms, but he also learned a lot from the music of Bach, Mendelssohn and Schumann. He liked the symphonic poems of Liszt and these gave him the ideas for writing chorale fantasies for the organ, although he never wrote music that tells a story (programme music). In 1902, Reger married. He and his wife adopted two children. In 1907, he became professor of composition at the University of Leipzig. He was a very good teacher. He became well-known abroad. He travelled to London where he spent hours in the art galleries. Then he bored his friends by talking all the time about the paintings. He conducted the orchestra at Meiningen, performing works by many composers, especially Brahms, Bruckner and his own. Reger enjoyed eating and drinking. He regularly went to his local café where he would eat ten large sausages and drink ten glasses of beer. His health got bad, and he died of a heart attack in Leipzig, where he was visiting friends on his way home from the Netherlands. Works. Reger wrote an enormous amount of music, but very little of it is played nowadays. He wrote in a late-Romantic style. He is best remembered for his organ music. He liked to write fugues and sets of Variations. His "Fantasy and Fugue on BACH" is one of the hardest pieces ever written for organ. He wrote a lovely song called "Marias Wiegenlied" ("Mary’s lullaby).
Saint Stephen () is known as the first martyr of Christianity. Therefore, he is also called the Protomartyr (). He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day was historically kept on August 3. His name means 'laurel wreath' or 'crown' in Greek. His death is described in the Book of Acts. He was stoned to death for blasphemy and is remembered on the Feast of St. Stephen, December 26.
James Edward "'Jim"' McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the 52nd Governor of New Jersey from 2002 to 2004. In 2004, he said that he was gay. He resigned as governor after he said he had an affair with a male employee. He was the first openly gay governor of any state in the history of the United States.
In physics, a physical quantity is any physical property that can be quantified, that is, be measured using numbers. Examples of physical quantities are mass, amount of substance, length, time, temperature, electric current, light intensity, force, velocity, density, and many others. A physical quantity is always measured of natural non-living objects (Inanimate objects) The foundation of physics rests upon physical quantities in term of which the laws of physics are expressed. Therefore, these quantities have to be measured accurately. Physical quantities are often divided into two categories; base quantities and derived quantities. Derived quantities are those quantities which are derived from other physical quantities. Examples of derived quantities are force, velocity, acceleration etc.
A rotor is the rotating part of a helicopter which generates lift, either vertically in the case of a main rotor, or horizontally in the case of a tail rotor. History and development. Before the development of powered helicopters in the mid 20th century, autogyro pioneer "Juan de la Cierva" researched and developed many of the basics of the rotor. Cierva is credited with successful development of multi-bladed, fully articulated rotor systems. This type of system is widely used today in many multi-bladed helicopters.
In music, the word variation is to play a piece of music and change the notes or add parts into it but also making it sound like the piece of music in another way. Many composers wrote pieces which are examples of theme and variation. Sometimes the theme is one they made up, at other times they took a theme that another composer had already written and then made variations on it. There are lots of ways of varying a tune, and each variation will change it in a different way. A variation may play the tune much faster or much slower, it may change the tune by adding extra sharps and flats or other ornamental notes, or by playing the tune in octaves. It may change the harmony or the rhythm or use different instruments. It may combine the tune in different parts (counterpoint). History in music. Composers have used variations in music for centuries. In the Renaissance and Baroque periods composers wrote variations on a short tune in the bass which was repeated again and again. This was called a ground bass or sometimes it was a passacaglia or chaconne. Renaissance composers also liked writing what they called “divisions”. This meant varying a tune by playing it, for example, at twice the speed or half the speed etc. so that crotchets (quarter notes) became minims (half notes) or quavers (eighth notes). George Frideric Handel wrote a famous set of variations for harpsichord called "Harmonious Blacksmith", and Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the "Goldberg Variations", which was a set of 30 variations: a very long piece of music. It was written for a man who found it difficult to sleep at night, so he would ask his harpsichord player, whose name was Goldberg, to play to him. Many composers from the Classical, Romantic and 20th century classical music periods wrote sets of variations. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote several, one of which was based on a French folktune which we know in Britain as “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star”. Beethoven wrote several wonderful sets of variations. Many of them were for piano, but he also used the form in other pieces e.g. the slow movement of his . Schubert often wrote variations on tunes from his own songs. Other composers who wrote variations include Brahms, Elgar, Schoenberg, and Britten.