ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Bonao is a Dominican city and the head municipality of the Monseñor Nouel province, in the center of the country. "Bonao" is the Taíno name of the region where the old city was founded. The city is in the Bonao Valley, at about 85 km to the northwest of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic. Population. The municipality had, in , a total population of 76,241: 37,349 men and 38,892 women. The urban population was of the total population. History. Christopher Columbus founded in 1494 a small fort in the region known by the Taíno people as Bonao. The fort was built to protect the gold mines around Maimón and other places. But there was not much gold in the region and the fort was soon left without people. The town was founded again during the early years of the 19th century but at about to the north of the old place, closer to the River Yuna. The new town had the name "Yuna" was soon was changed to the old one: "Bonao". It was also called "El Bonao" (English: "The Bonao") but the article "El" (English: "The") was left out during the first years of the 20th century and it is never used now. The new small town was made a "Puesto Cantonal" (and old category, like a "Military Post") in 1859 and then a municipality of La Vega province in 1865. In 1936, its name was changed to "Monseñor Meriño" after the Archbishop Adolfo A. Nouel, past president of the country. In 1960, it got is old name of Bonao. Geography. Bonao is in the Bonao Valley in the centre of the Dominican Republic. It has a total area of . It has five municipal districts (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality); these are Arroyo Toro-Masipedro, Jayaco, Juma Bejucal, La Salvia-Los Quemados and Sabana del Puerto. The
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was an expedition by Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) and William Clark (1770–1838), two men chosen by United States President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase territory, which the country had just bought from France. (This land was made up of much of what is now the Central and Western United States). They left Saint Louis in 1804, leading a group of 33 people. The group reached the Pacific in 1806, viewing much of the West on the way and writing down what they saw. Along the way, the group was joined by a Shoshone Native American woman named Sacagawea, helped guide and translate for them. After their exploration, Lewis became Governor of Louisiana Territory, and Clark became Governor of Missouri Territory. The only person that died on the trip was Sergeant Charles Floyd, Jr. He died on August 20, 1804 from Dysentery. It was a very good expedition for the United States of America.
Baia Mare is a municipality in the northwestern part of Romania. It is the seat of Maramureş County. 137,921 people were living in Baia Mare as of 2002. Cyanide Spill of 2000: An hour before midnight on January 30, 2000, a dam holding back water in a settling area for the Baia Mare gold mine burst, spilling its contents into the Somes river, and subsequently into the Tisza river. The spill resulted in the release of at least 100,000 cubic meters of water containing high concentrations of cyanide, as well as heavy metals such as copper, zinc and lead. Cyanide is used to purify gold from rocks, and the water contained concentrations that exceeded the 'heavily polluted' threshold by 40 to 160 times. Zinc concentration was twice the acceptable standard, and lead concentration was 5 to 9 times greater. Rumanian authorities were quickly notified of the spill and immediately raised an alarm that prevented the loss of any human life. However, the spill killed all aquatic plant and animal life for dozens of miles downstream. On February 12, the toxic water flowed into the Danube, which receives water from the Tisza, carrying its impact into Hungary and Serbia, as well. Inhabitants of Belgrade witnessed a Danube with dead fish floating on the surface. Up to 100 people, most of them children, were treated after eating fish contaminated by the heavy chemicals. The Rumanian media entitled this environmental disaster ‘the largest since Chernobyl’. Twin towns. Baia Mare has the following towns as its 'sister cities':
Umm Kulthum Ibrahim es-Sayyid el-Beltagi (4 May 1904 – 3 February 1975) was an Egyptian singer, songwriter and actress in the Arab world of the 20th century. She is seen as a national icon of Egypt. She became known as "The Voice of Egypt" and ""Egypt's Fourth Pyramid"." Kulthum was given the honorific title "Kawkab el-charq." It means 'Planet of the East'. She performed over 320 songs. These include ""al-atlal"." It was ranked one of the top 100 songs of the 20th century. Her funeral was attended by four million people in the streets of Cairo. Biography. Umm Kulthum's exact date of birth is not known. According to birth records of the Province, it is thought to be on 4 May 1904, . She had a sister and a brother. Her sister was named Sayyida. She was ten years older than Umm. Her brother was named Khalid. He was one year older than Umm. Umm Kulthum came from a very humble background. Her mother, Fatma al-maliji, took care of the children and the house. Her father - Al-Shaykh Ibrahim Al-Sayyid Al-Baltaji- was a local Imam in the village of . When she was five years old, her father sent her to a religious school - - to learn to recite the Qur'an. Umm Kalthoum's father Al-Baltaji, used to sing religious songs in weddings and ceremonies - such as the Prophet's birth and the Islamic New Year- in neighboring villages as a way of generating income. Commemorating such events by reciting the Qur'an was part and parcel of the peasant society where Umm Kulthum grew in. To listen to a good Qur'anic chanter was ""one of the few means at the "fallah's" (peasant) disposal which was not censored, punished, taxed or confiscated, unlike everything else he owned"". Al-Baltaji first discovered Umm Kulthum's voice when she recited the
Moon landing conspiracy theories (also known as the moon landing hoax or Apollo hoax) say that men did not land on the Moon in 1969–1972 during the Apollo program; rather, NASA faked the information. Some conspiracy theorists believe the Skylab space station is also a hoax.(p. 162)  Historians and the scientific community believe that moon landing conspiracy theories are irrational. But debate continues on social media because it is easy for anyone to publish their ideas.  There are cultures and subcultures around the world that believe that the Moon landings were faked. This view may have been taught in Cuban schools and wherever else Cuban teachers are sent (like Nicaragua and Angola). The Taliban and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) also believe the Moon landings were a hoax. History. On 12 April 1961, the Soviet Union (USSR) sent the first man into space in Vostok 1: cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Six weeks later, United States President John F. Kennedy promised that the U.S. would land a man on the Moon by 1969 in order to win the space race with the USSR and impress the world with technical superiority. He said: Moon conspiracy theorists say that NASA had too many technical problems to meet the eight-year deadline for landing on the Moon. They say the United States faked the moon landings so it would seem like they had won the space race.  In 2004, President George W. Bush announced that there would be a manned return to the Moon within 16 years (even though the technologies for it should have already been developed forty years earlier). In 2010, President Barack Obama canceled this plan; to moon conspiracy theorists, this meant the USA still does not have the technology to go to the moon. Doubts about the authenticity of the Apollo Moon landings first appeared in December 1968, when Apollo 8 was launched. Apollo 11 was almost perfectly executed, which amazed many people around the world, while others doubted that the voyage was real. The first book on the subject ("Did man land on the Moon?") was published in Texas by mathematician James
The Whig Party was a conservative political party of the United States. Generally considered to be the "de facto" successor to the Federalist Party, it was famous during the years of Jacksonian democracy. It is thought to be important to the Second Party System. Operating from 1833 to 1856, party was formed by Henry Clay, opposing the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. The Whigs supported the importance of Congress over the importance of the executive branch. They favored a program of modernization. Their name was chosen to tell people about the American Whigs of 1776, who fought for independence. "Whig" was then a widely recognized label of choice for people who saw themselves as opposing autocratic rule. The Whig Party had national leaders as Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, Henry Clay of Kentucky. The Whig Party also had four war heroes among them, such as Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. Abraham Lincoln was a Whig leader in frontier Illinois. In its over two decades of existence, the Whig Party saw two of its candidates, Harrison and Taylor, elected president. Both died in office. John Tyler became president after Harrison's death, but was thrown out from the party. Millard Fillmore, who became president after Taylor's death, was the last Whig to hold the nation's highest office. The party was ultimately destroyed by the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery to the territories. The anti-slavery faction successfully prevented the nomination of its own incumbent President Fillmore in the 1852 presidential election. Instead, the party nominated General Winfield Scott, who was defeated. Its leaders quit politics (as Lincoln did temporarily) or changed parties. The voter base defected to the Republican Party, various coalition parties in some states, and to the Democratic Party. By the 1856 presidential election, the party had lost its ability to maintain a national coalition of effective state parties and endorsed Millard Fillmore, now of the American Party, at its last national convention.
Coriaria nepalensis is a shrub growing in the foothills of Himalayas. It blooms in spring and has beautiful yellow flowers and red fruits in summer. Common names. In India, this plant is known in English as masuri berry, tanner's tree, mansur shrub; in Hindi as masuri, makola, masurya; in Nepali, macchaino. Description. It is a shrub, 1.5-2.5 metres tall. Flowers are in groups (inflorescences) and they are male or female but in the same plant; their color is yellow. It blooms from February to May. Fruits are red to dark purple when mature. They look like berries but they are small nuts (achenes) protected by enlarged and colored petals. Fruits are produced from May to August but they cannot be eaten because their seeds are poisonous. The number of chromosomes is 40. Where it grows. C. nepalensis grows in southern slopes of the Himalayas (Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan), usually between 800 and 2500 m. This species was also found in southern China in mountain slopes at 200–3200 m high. It has been found in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Leishmania is a protist organism which causes Leishmaniasis. It is a Trypanosomatid parasite in the Euglenozoa phylum. It is spread by sandflies of the genus "Phlebotomus" in the Old World, and of the genus "Lutzomyia" in the New World.  Their primary hosts are vertebrates; Leishmania commonly infects hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans. Leishmania currently affects 12 million people in 98 countries. The parasite was named in 1903 after the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman. Diseases. The parasite causes three kinds of disease. Each type of disease is caused by different species of the parasite. Structure. "Leishmania" have a lipophosphoglycan coat on the outside of the cell. This is a trigger for toll-like receptor 2, a signalling receptor which triggers an innate immune response in mammals. The parasite can withstand the counter-attack by the immune system. There are treatments, which consist in helping the immune system to respond.
Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock, PC, (born 28 March 1942) is a Welsh politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1970 to 1995. From 1983 to 1992 he was the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the Labour Party. In the general election in 1992 he was beaten. After this he gave up his post of leading the Labour Party (and sitting in Parliament). He was a British politician in the European Commission from 1995 until 2004, and is now Chairman of the British Council and President of Cardiff University. He was introduced to the House of Lords on 31 January 2005. He was created Baron Kinnock, of Bedwellty in the County of Gwent. Personal life. He is married to Glenys Kinnock. She was Britain's Minister for Africa and the United Nations from 2009 to 2010, and a Labour Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1994 to 2009. She was made a life peer in 2009. They became one of the few couples to both hold titles in their own right. The two met while studying at University College, Cardiff. They married on 25 March 1967. In 2008 they moved to Tufnell Park, London, to be closer to their daughter and grandchildren. They have a son, Stephen and a daughter, Rachel.  Neil Kinnock is a lifelong Cardiff City F.C. fan and regularly attends matches. Kinnock is an agnostic. In 2011 Kinnock took part in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about his Welsh family history. The programme was broadcast on 30 November 2011.
50000 Quaoar (symbol: ) is a Trans-Neptunian object and is also a dwarf planet. It was discovered on June 4, 2002 by Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown at the California Institute of Technology. Quaoar has one known moon, named Weywot. It also has a ring. Unexpectedly, the ring is at twice the distance of the Roche limit, which was thought to be the maximum distance of a ring: beyond the Roche limit, the particles in a ring should clump together and form a moon; yet this has not happened to Quaoar's ring. It is thought that the particles do not clump together because of tides created by Weywot. There may also be small shepherd moons on either side of the ring, as there are at Saturn's F Ring.
The Samlesbury witches were three women who were said to be witches, murderers and cannibals. The three women's names were Jane Southworth, Jennet Bierley, and Ellen Bierley. A 14-year-old girl, Grace Sowerbutts, accused them of practising witchcraft. They were tried in the village of Samlesbury in Lancashire. Their trial on 19 August 1612 was one of a series of witch trials held over two days. It is among the most famous in English history. The trials were unusual for England at that time for two reasons. First, Thomas Potts, the clerk to the court, wrote about it in his "The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster". Secondly, the number of people found guilty and hanged were high: ten at Lancaster and another at York. Some of those accused were burnt alive and hung.  However, the three Samlesbury women were found not guilty of witchcraft.  The women were accused of murdering children, and of cannibalism, amongst other things. In contrast, other people tried at the same time were accused of "maleficium", that is causing harm by witchcraft. This included the Pendle witches. The case against the three women collapsed "spectacularly" when the main witness, Grace Sowerbutts, was shown by the trial judge to be "the perjuring tool of a Catholic priest". Many historians have said that the witch trials of the 16th and 17th century were a result of the religious struggles of the period. One of these historians was Hugh Trevor-Roper. During this time, both the Catholic and Protestant Churches wanted to stamp out what they saw as heresy. The trial of the Samlesbury witches is perhaps one clear example of that trend; it has been described as "largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda". A trial would show that Lancashire, a wild and lawless area, was being cleared not only of witches but also of "popish plotters", that is, Catholics. Background. King James I, came to the English throne in 1603. He was
Guernica is a world-famous painting by Pablo Picasso. It is one of the world's greatest anti-war paintings. It is a very large painting (a mural) which shows the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Republican government asked Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for an art exhibition in Paris. It shows how people, as well as animals, all suffer because of the tragedies of war. The painting soon became so famous that it was seen as a world symbol for peace. The fame of the painting helped to bring the Spanish Civil War to an end. "Guernica" is navy blue, black and white, 3.5 metre (11 ft) tall and 7.8 metre (25.6 ft) wide, a mural-size canvas painted in oil. It hangs in the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid.  Description of the painting. "Guernica" shows a large, open room with people and animals who are suffering. A bull stands over a woman crying over a dead child in her arms. A horse falls in terrible pain as it dies after being run through with a spear. A dead soldier lies under the horse, his arm has been chopped off, but the hand grasps a shattered sword from which a flower grows. A light bulb shines strongly like an evil eye (the Spanish word for "light bulb" is "bombilla" which sounds like "bomb"). A female figure floats in, holding a lamp which is a symbol of hope. There are many other smaller details in the painting. History of the painting. The painting soon travelled to many countries. It was seen in several towns in the United States during the 1940s and early 1950s. The Spanish dictator Francisco Franco wanted it to come to Spain, but Picasso said that he would not allow it to go to Spain until Spain became a democratic country. Picasso died in 1973. Franco died in 1975 and Spain became a democratic country. The painting went to Spain in 1981 and it now hangs in an art gallery, the Museo Reina Sofía, in Madrid.
Guernica (pronounce: "GHER-nee-kah") is a town in Spain. It is in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country. The town of Guernica belongs to the same municipality as the near town of Luno ("Lumo" in Basque), Gernika-Lumo. The population of the whole municipality is 15,571 (2004). Guernica is known internationally because it was bombed by the Nazis in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. Pablo Picasso painted a huge anti-war painting called Guernica which is world-famous.
The Flat Earth Society (or the International Flat Earth Research Society) is an organization claiming that the Earth is flat. It was started by Samuel Shenton in 1956. Charles K. Johnson was the leader and made his home the organization's base. The Flat Earth Society has its headquarters in the small town of Cúllar Vega, Andalusia, Spain since 2002. Some people say that various international space organisations proved that the Earth is not flat by taking pictures of the planet from space. Others say the round Earth was proven long before those existed. The Society says the pictures are fake, and that the goverment and space organisations like NASA is a part of a conspiracy. The believe of a flat earth is mostly being assimilated with lack of intelligence, because of the many sources confirming the earths spheral shape.
John Birmingham (August 7, 1964) is an Australian writer. His book, "He Died With A Falafel In His Hand" was made into a movie in 2001. Early life. Birmingham was born in Liverpool, England in 1964. He came to Australia with his family in 1970 and settled in Ipswich, Queensland. His first book written in 1994, "He Died With A Falafel In His Hand", was about his experiences sharing a house with other people. Books. His other books are "The Tasmanian Babes Fiasco" (1997), "Leviathan: the unauthorised biography of Sydney" (1999), "Off One's Tits" (2002) and "Without Warning" (2008).
Balibo is an Australian movie directed by Robert Connolly and released in 2009. It starred Australian actor Anthony LaPaglia who also was the film's producer. It based on the true story of 5 Australian news reporters working for Australian TV during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975. They were murdered by the Indonesian army in the small village of Balibo. The Indonesian National Armed Forces did not want the movie shown in Indonesia, with a spokesman saying the movie could harm Indonesia's relations with East Timor and Australia. The movie was finally forbidden in Indonesia by the Film Censorship Agency. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said the ban was to avoid a negative image of Indonesia. The Indonesian National Armed Forces supports the ban, with a spokesman saying the official version of the event is that the journalists were killed in a crossfire, and not murdered by Indonesian troops. However, this did not stop people from seeing the movie, as there were some secret cinemas set up to show it.
Cork City F.C. is a professional Irish football club in Cork and competing in the League of Ireland First Division. They are one of the most successful clubs in Ireland, having won the league twice and numerous FAI Cups, as well as nine Munster Senior Cups in a row.
Discogs is a website and database of information about record label releases and recordings. Discogs is owned by Zink Media, Inc. in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is believed to be the largest online database of releases on vinyl, but Discogs began by concentrating on issues of electronic music becoming one of the largest online databases in that field. History. The discogs.com domain name was registered in August 2000. Discogs was released in October 2000 by Kevin Lewandowski. It started as a database of his personal music collection. The name of the site is short for discographies. Contribution system. The information on Discogs comes from members of the website.
A wedgie is when a person's underwear is forcibly pulled up their buttocks. A wedgie can be given by bullies to humiliate their target, or as a prank between friends. Wedgies can be given from the front ("melvins") and in many other ways. They can cause the underwear to rip. They are painful and are used in many situations. They are also very commonly shown in Low Comedy.  There are many forms of wedgies. Wedgies can be given along with a spanking. A hanging wedgie is when the underwear is hung on a hook. A bra connection wedgie is when a girl's underwear is hooked in her bra. "Atomic wedgies" are when the underwear is pulled over the victim's head. A "messy wedgie" is when food or other substances are put down the pants of the victim while wedgied. A "squeaky clean wedgie" is when the victim's underwear is pulled up at the front then the back creating friction. In a "bouncing wedgie", the person is bounced while in the wedgie. Reactions to Wedgies. In 2002, a man named Daniel Strouss shot someone named Eric Kassoway for having given him a wedgie. Strouss was put in jail for attempted murder since the court said he was mentally ill but not legally insane.  In 2005, a teacher named Mark Holley was arrested for giving a ten year old student a wedgie.  In 2006, a High School Principal named Eric Messerli was suspended for six days for giving a student a wedgie.  In 2007, an eight year old boy named Justin Serovich and his twin brother Jared Serovich gave each other wedgies so they decided to invent wedgie-proof underwear.  Dangers. In 2004, a 10 year old boy in England was given a wedgie by his friends after they had watched The Simpsons and ended up needing surgery at a hospital.  In 2015, a man accidentally killed his stepfather by giving him an “Atomic Wedgie”.