ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Earth is getting warmer because people are putting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse stops some of the sun's heat from escaping, and these gases stop some heat escaping from Earth. The greenhouse gas which makes the most warming is carbon dioxide (short name CO2), and burning coal is the biggest thing which puts it in the atmosphere. Climate sensitivity means how much the Earth will warm when a certain amount of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. Usually it means how much warmer the Earth would be if the atmosphere had twice as much CO2 as the year 1750, before people started burning lots of coal. Scientists think that when CO2 in the atmosphere doubles an extra 4 joules of heat gets trapped every second on every square metre on Earth, and that after a long time the Earth will be about 3 °C hotter. How sensitive is the climate? Climate scientists don't know the climate sensitivity very well but they think it is probably between 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C. So if the atmosphere had twice as much CO2 as it had in 1750 then Earth would likely be between 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C warmer, after thousands of years. How do we know? There are three ways to try to find out the climate sensitivity. The first way is to look at the temperature measurements made each year since 1750 and compare them with measurements of how much greenhouse gas was in the atmosphere at the same time. The second way is to try and work out how much greenhouse gas there was and what the temperature was in the distant past before people started measuring them. For example by measuring how much CO2 is in tiny bubbles of air trapped deep in ice sheets thousands of years ago. The third way is to make models of the climate system in computers. Why is it important to know better how sensitive the climate is? The Paris Agreement is to keep global warming below 2 °C. If the climate is very sensitive this will be very difficult, so maybe people and countries should change to using cleaner energy more quickly. But if the climate is not very sensitive perhaps it would be a waste of money
The Miyakoan language (宮古口/ミャークフツ "Myākufutsu/Myākufutsї" ] or 島口/スマフツ "Sumafutsu/Sїmafutsї") is a Ryukyuan language spoken in the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. As most of its speakers are over the age of 60, it's assumed that Miyako has anywhere between 10,000-15,000 speakers.
The 2020 Daytona 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 16-17, 2020. The race lasted 209 laps on the asphalt superspeedway. However, the race was originally going to be 200 laps. It was the first race of the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series season. The race was started by President of the United States Donald Trump, who served as Grand Marshal, and the opening lap was paced by the official Presidential state car. Popular wrestler Sheamus drove the pace car for the opening laps. Two-time winner of the race Dale Earnhardt Jr. waved the green flag to officially start the race. The race was to start February 16, but never-ending rain showers stopped the race on lap 20. The race was moved 4 p.m. on February 17, 2020. This being the second, he first time was in 2012. Lots of the race was good until lap 185, a crash involved at least 20 cars on the backstretch. The race was stopped because of the crash. Denny Hamlin won the race by 0.014 seconds over Ryan Blaney on the second restart in overtime. Chris Buescher, David Ragan, and Kevin Harvick rdid not make it in the top five. On the final lap, Ryan Newman was involved in a serious crash and was immediately rushed to a local hospital. He was seriously injured in the crash, but the injuries are not believed to be life-threatening. Race. Stage Results. Stage One "Laps:" 65 Stage Two "Laps:" 65 Final Stage Results. Stage Three "Laps:" 70 Post-race. Right after the race was done, Hamlin and his crew did not know how serious Newman's crash. Instead, they started to celebrate the win, When he exited his car, the crowd booed him both on the infield grass and again in victory lane. Joe Gibbs gave an apology for the team's celebration, with Hamlin saying he was first notified when NASCAR canceled the tradition of interviewing the winner on the front-stretch before driving his car to victory lane
Charles McColl Portis (December 28, 1933 – February 17, 2020) was an American writer. His best known novels are "Norwood" (1966) and the classic Western "True Grit" (1968). Two "True Grit" movies have been made, released in 1969 and 2010. "Norwood" was also made into a 1970 movie. He also wrote "The Dog of the South" (1979) and "Gringos" (1991). Portis has been described as "one of the most inventively comic writers of Western fiction." Portis was born in El Dorado, Arkansas. He died in Little Rock, Arkansas on February 17, 2020 due to Alzheimer's disease. He was 86.
Stephen Paul Manderson (born 27 November 1983), better known by his stage name Professor Green, is an English rapper, singer, actor, television personality and mental health activist. Green went on to become a multi-platinum artist, with 3.5 million combined sales in the UK. He is the former co-host of "Lip Sync Battle UK" on Channel 5. His autobiography featured on the "Times" bestseller list. He also is the patron of the suicide prevention charity CALM.
Amanda Ava Koci (born 16 February 1994), better known by her stage name Ava Max, is an American singer and songwriter. She shot to prominence with her single "Sweet but Psycho" which was her breakthrough hit and became a big song. She has released other singles such as "So Am I and "Torn". "Sweet but Psycho" charted at number 15 on Swedish Sverigetopplistan. She performs pop and dance-pop. Career. Max featured on Le Youth's single "Clap Your Hands" in 2017. On 20 April 2018, Max released her debut single on Atlantic Records. She also released a single with G4SHI on May 11. On 16 November 2018, she released her third solo single "Sweet but Psycho". It was her first official hit and became big. She then released "So Am I" in early March 2019. She released "Torn" on 19 August 2019. It sampled an ABBA 1976 song. Discography. 2018: "Sweet but Psycho" 2019: "So Am I" 2019: "Torn"
Richard Kylea Cowie Jr. MBE (born 19 January 1979), better known by his stage name Wiley (formerly Wiley Kat), is a British grime MC, rapper, songwriter, DJ and record producer from Bow, London. He is known for making grime music. He is from the group Roll Deep. Wiley was regarded as the "Godfather of Grime". He had hit singles such as "Wot Do U Call It?", "Boasty", "Take That", "Wearing My Rolex", and "Heatwave". Wiley's eleventh album, "Godfather" (2017), went to number nine on the UK Albums Chart. It became his highest-charting album of his career and won an "Outstanding Contribution to Music" award by the "NME". He has collaborated with artists such as Emeli Sandé, Ed Sheeran, Skepta, Dizzee Rascal, Tinchy Stryder, and Dot Rotten. He was a member of the UK garage band Pay As U Go. He is of Antigua &amp; Barbuda and Trinidadian descent.
Justin Tranter (born 16 June 1980) is an American musician and jewellery designer. He has co-wrote songs for Julia Michaels. History. Justin Tranter was born on 16 June 1980. He has co-wrote Julia Michaels' "Issues" (2017).
Clifford Harris Jr. (born September 25, 1980), known by his stage name T.I. and his alter ego T.I.P, is an American rapper and actor. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Albums. T.I. released his first album, "I'm Serious", in 2001. In 2003, he began to gain popularity with the release of his second album "Trap Muzik". T.I. later founded Grand Hustle Records. In 2004, he appeared as a featured artist on Destiny's Child's top ten single "Soldier", which also featured Lil Wayne. T.I.'s sixth album, "Paper Trail" (2008), became his most successful album to date. It sold 568,000 copies in the United States in its first-week sales and became T.I.'s third chart topping album in a row. It included three international hit singles "Whatever You Like", "Live Your Life" (featuring Rihanna) and "Dead and Gone". Awards. In 2009, "Billboard" ranked him as the 27th Artist of the 2000s decade. During his career, T.I. has won three Grammy Awards. His musical influences are Lil Wayne, YoungBloodz, and more. T.I. is called the King of the South. Movies. T.I. also starred in the movies "ATL" (2006), "Takers" (2010) and "Identity Thief". He is also a published author, having written two novels "Power &amp; Beauty" (2011) and "Trouble &amp; Triumph" (2012), which were both released to moderate success. Personal life. In 2010, T.I. married Tameka Cottle of the girl group Xscape. They have three children: two sons and a daughter. The couple starred in the reality television show "T.I. &amp; Tiny the Family Hustle". T.I. has also focused on social good, such as a recent campaign against Lloyds Banking Group because of its past ties to the Atlantic slave trade.
Linda Kay Pennell Johnson (May 2, 1945 – February 18, 2020) was an American politician. She was a Republican. She served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2001 until her death in 2020. She represented North Carolina's 74th, 82nd, 83rd and 90th districts during her term. Outside of politics, she was a computer analyst and tax accountant. Johnson died of a stroke while battling cancer on February 18, 2020. She was 74.
Fernando Morán López (25 March 1926 – 19 February 2020) was a Spanish diplomat and politician. He was a member of the Socialist Workers' Party. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1985. From 1985 to 1987, Morán served as the Spanish representative at the United Nations. He served as a member of the European Parliament from 1987 to 1999. Morán was born in Avilés, Asturias. He died on 19 February 2020 in Madrid, at the age of 93.
Novena MRT station (NS20) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station. It is part of the North South Line. It's located at Thomson Road in Novena, Singapore. It is the nearest MRT station to hospitals like Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital. Malls like Novena Square, Square 2 and United Square are located nearby. History. The station preliminary name is Thomson Road. It was renamed to Novena in 1985. The station was named after the popular weekly Novena prayer meetings at a nearby Catholic church called Church of Saint Alphonsus. The more common name of the church is ovena Church. The term "Novena" comes from Latin word "Novem", The Latin word means nine. In this case it refers to prayers said for nine consecutive days. The passenger service centre of the station do not accept cash payment from 23 June 2018 onwards. Cultural impact. The station area used to be a site of Jewish cemetry. It is rumored to be haunted.There have been reports of people seeing coffins in the tunnel between this station and Bishan.
Sonja Alice Selma Toni Ziemann (8 February 1926 – 17 February 2020) was a German actress. She appeared on screen and on stage. Her movie credits include "The Black Forest Girl" (1950), "The Heath Is Green" (1951), "The Secret Ways" (1961) and "The Bridge at Remagen" (1969). Ziemann was born in Eichwalde. She was married three times. Her son, Pierre (1953–1970), died of cancer at the age of 16. On 17 February 2020, Ziemann died in Munich. She was 94.
Tapas Paul (29 September 1958 – 18 February 2020) was an Indian actor and politician. He is known for acting in "Dadar Kirti", "Bhalobasa Bhalobasa", "Anurager Choyan", "Amar Bandhan", "Guru Dakshina", "Uttara" and "Mondo Meyer Upakhyan". Outside of acting, he served as an MLA (2001–2009) and an MP (2009–2019). Paul was born in Chandannagar, West Bengal. On 18 February 2020, he died due to cardiac arrest in Mumbai, Maharastra. He was 61.
Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright (February 14, 1935 – February 17, 2020) was an American professional golfer. She played on the LPGA Tour. She became a member of the tour in 1955 and won 82 LPGA Tour career events. Of her 13 major championships, four were U.S. Women's Opens. She was a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Wright was born in San Diego, California. She died of a heart attack on February 17, 2020 in Florida. She was 85.
Janet T. DuBois (August 5 – February 17, 2020), better known as Ja'Net DuBois, was an American actress, and singer. She was best known for her role as Willona Woods in the sitcom "Good Times" (1974–1979). DuBois co-wrote and sang the theme song "Movin' on Up" for television series "The Jeffersons". She also won two Primetime Emmy Awards for her voice work in "The PJs". DuBois was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Amityville, New York, on Long Island. She had four children. DuBois died on February 17, 2020 in Glendale, California of cardiac arrest. She also had hypertension, peripheral artery disease and kidney disease.
Kedge Business School is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in 7 places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Marseille, Toulon, Dakar, Suzhou and Shanghai. It was founded in 2013. Kedge is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.
Alwin Brück (23 September 1931 – 14 February 2020) was a German politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was Parliamentary Secretary of the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1974 to 1982. He also was Deputy of the Bundestag from 1965 to 1969 and Substitute Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1969 to 1970. Brück was born in Heusweiler, Germany. Brück died on 14 February 2020 at the age of 88.
John Shrapnel (27 April 1942 – 14 February 2020) was an English actor. He was born in Birmingham, Warwickshire. His best known roles were as Mr. Skinner in "101 Dalmatians" (1996), as Senator Gaius in "Gladiator" (2000) and as Nestor in "Troy" (2004). Shrapnel died on 14 February 2020 at his London home from cancer, aged 77.
Masao Takahashi (June 24, 1929 – February 14, 2020) was a Canadian judoka, author and coach. He was born in Stave Falls, British Columbia, Canada. Takahashi was the founder of the Takahashi School of Martial Arts. He was involved in judo for more than 70 years, and was ranked "hachi-dan" (eighth-degree black belt), making him one of the highest ranked Canadian judoka. In 2002 he was decorated by the Emperor of Japan with the Order of the Sacred Treasure. He was added into the Judo Canada Hall of Fame in 1998. Takahashi died on February 14, 2020 in Ottawa at the age of 90.
Zoe Ada Caldwell, OBE (14 September 1933 – 16 February 2020) was an Australian actress. She was born in Melbourne, Victoria. She won four Tony Awards for "Slapstick Tragedy" (1966), "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie" (1968), "Medea" (1982), and "Master Class" (1996).  Her movie roles include "The Purple Rose of Cairo" (1985), "Birth" (2004), and "Extremely Loud &amp; Incredibly Close" (2011). She was also known for having provided the voice of the Grand Councilwoman in "Lilo &amp; Stitch" franchise. Caldwell died in Pound Ridge, New York on 16 February 2020, aged 86, of Parkinson's disease-related problems.
Kellye Nakahara (January 16, 1948 – February 16, 2020) was an American actress. She was best known for playing Nurse Kealani Kellye in 165 episodes of the television comedy "M*A*S*H". She was born in Oahu, Hawaii. Nakahara died from cancer at her home in Pasadena, California on February 16, 2020, at age 72.
Owen Frederick Bieber (; December 28, 1929 – February 17, 2020) was an American labor union activist. He was president of the United Auto Workers (UAW) from 1983 to 1995. He was born in Dorr Township, Michigan. Bieber died on February 17, 2020 in Detroit at the age of 90.
Ror Wolf (born Richard Georg Wolf, 29 June 1932 – 17 February 2020) was a German writer, poet, and artist. He also published under the pseudonym Raoul Tranchirer. He wrote audio plays, novels, and poems and made collages. Wolf was born in Saalfeld, Thuringia. Wolf became contributing editor of literature for the Hessischer Rundfunk broadcaster for two years. He worked freelance from 1963. His first novel appeared in 1964. He was awarded the Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden in 1988. Wolf lived in Mainz, Germany. He died on 17 February 2020 at the age of 87.
Kishori Ballal (1937/1938 – 18 February 2020) was an Indian actress. She was known for her works in Kannada cinema. Ballal was born in Karnataka, India. Her best known works were "Gair Kaanooni", "Ek Alag Mausam" and in "Aakramana". Ballal died at a hospital in Bengaluru, India on 18 February 2020 at the age of 82.
Jammu and Kashmir is the northern union territory of India. The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is separated by the Line of Control from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north respectively. It shares border with Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh. Under Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which was passed by both houses of the Parliament of India in August 2019, Jammu and Kashmir (state) was divided in two union territories namely Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
Jon Ivar Christensen (20 March 1943 – 18 February 2020) was a Norwegian jazz drummer and composer. Christensen was born in Oslo.  In the late 1960s Christensen played alongside Jan Garbarek on several recordings by the composer George Russell. He, along with Jan Garbarek and Palle Danielsson, was a member of the legendary Keith Jarrett "European Quartet" of the 1970s which produced five excellent jazz recordings on ECM Records. He was married to actress, minister, and theater director Ellen Horn. He was the father of singer and actress Emilie Stoesen Christensen. Christensen died in Oslo on 18 February 2020 at the age of 76.
R136c is a Wolf–Rayet star with a spectral type of WN5h. WN5 indicates ionized helium emissions and being stronger than the neutral helium lines. It is located in the Tarantula Nebula, it is the second most massive star in the R136 star forming region. It's temperature is 51,000 oK. The extreme luminosity is by the CNO process. It is 230 times the mass of the Sun and 5,623,000 times more luminous. The star is losing mass by stellar winds. It is strongly suspected to be a binary system, due to the hard x-ray emission of colliding wind binaries. However, the companion makes only a small part of the luminosity. R136c is likely to end in a supernova, a hypernova, or a gamma ray burst, or no visible explosion at all and become a black hole. The fate of R136c depends on its mass loss. The future of R136c is uncertain. It might become or just skip the LBV stage and become a hydrogen free (WNE or WNL)star. Lastly, it will be a wolf rayet star that is fusing oxygen (WO). Then, it will most likely to explode in a supernova. Its remnant would be most likely a black hole. It is a very young, highly luminous object. R136c can be seen on the lower left to the center of the R136 cluster. It was discovered in 1996 by the Radcliffe Observatory in Pretoria, Although R136 a and b are discovered earlier.
Lawrence Gordon Tesler (April 24, 1945 – February 16, 2020) was an American computer scientist. He worked in the field of human–computer interaction. He had worked at Xerox PARC, Apple, Amazon and Yahoo!. While at PARC, Tesler's work included Smalltalk, the first dynamic object-oriented programming language and Gypsy, the first word processor with a graphical user interface for the Xerox Alto. He also helped create the idea of copy and paste and the idea of modeless software. Tesler was born in the Bronx, New York. He died on February 16, 2020 in Portola Valley, California of problems caused from a bike accident. He was 74.
Peter Lawrence Montgomery (September 25, 1947 – February 18, 2020) was an American mathematician. He was born in San Francisco, California. He widely published in the more mathematical area in the field of cryptography. He was a researcher in the cryptography group at Microsoft Research. In 1992, he was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles for his work to elliptic curve method of factorization. Montgomery died in Thailand on February 18, 2020. He was 72.
Bashar Barakah Jackson (July 20, 1999 – February 19, 2020), known professionally as Pop Smoke, was an American rapper. He was eventually signed to Victor Worldwide and Republic Records. In April 2019, he released the song "Welcome to the Party". The song was the lead single of his first mixtape "Meet the Woo", which was released in July 2019. "Welcome to the Party" was made into two remixes featuring Nicki Minaj and Skepta in August 2019. He also worked with Lil Tjay, Calboy and Travis Scott. Jackson's career was cut short when he was murdered at age 20. Life. Bashar Barakah Jackson was born in Brooklyn, New York. He attended middle school there and got expelled in 8th grade. He was the son of a Jamaican mother and a Panamanian father. Murder. On February 19, 2020, Jackson was shot three times by a male teenager during a home invasion in Los Angeles, California. He was taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center where he died later that day at age of 20.
Peter Joseph Babando (May 10, 1925 – February 19, 2020) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He played as a left winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. In 1950, he won the Stanley Cup with the Detroit Red Wings. Babando was born in Lower Burrell, Pennsylvania, United States and grew up in Ontario. He died in Timmins, Ontario on February 19, 2020, at the age of 94.
Michael Ebenezer Kwadjo Omari Owuo Jr. (born 26 July 1993), better known by his stage name Stormzy, is a English rapper and singer. He has collaborated with Ed Sheeran on the singles "Take Me Back to London" and "Own It" (alongside Burna Boy). Works. In 2017, he released his first album "Gangs, Signs, &amp; Prayers". The album included the single "Blinded By Your Grace" featuring MNEK. He featured on a remix of Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart. In December 2019, he released his second album "Heavy Is The Head". The album included the singles "Vossi Bop" and "Own It" (featuring Ed Sheeran and Burna Boy).  He has worked with other artists like Charlie Sloth and Jaykae.  Stormzy has supported Aitch and Chip supported Stormzy. He won the Mercury Prize.
Plan B (real name Ben Drew; born 22 October 1983) is an English musician and actor. He also raps, sings, writes songs and is from London. He has collaborated with artists, including Chase &amp; Status and Professor Green.
Nero are a British drum and bass/dubstep band from London, England that was formed in 2004. Its members include Dan Stephens, Joseph Ray and Alana Watson. They have co-produced one record for the rapper, Example. They have also supported Chase &amp; Status. Awards and nominations. Grammy Awards Dubstep Music Awards North America Ivor Novello Awards Q Awards Dubstep Music Awards (UK) Drum &amp; Bass Awards Beatport Awards
Kane Brett Robinson (born 21 May 1985), better known by his stage name Kano, is an English rapper, songwriter, and actor. He featured on Craig David's "This is the Girl" (2007). He has collaborated with artists, including Bashy, Craig David, Crazy Titch, Ghetts, Giggs, Gorillaz, Lethal Bizzle, Nasty Crew, Wiley, Wretch 32, amongst others. He has also worked with Chase &amp; Status.
Heather Anita Couper (2 June 1949 – 19 February 2020) was a British astronomer, broadcaster and science populariser. She was president of the British Astronomical Association from 1984 to 1986. Couper was born in Wallasey, Cheshire. She studied astrophysics at the University of Leicester and researched clusters of galaxies at the University of Oxford. After this, she was named senior planetarium lecturer at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. She also hosted two TV series on Channel 4, "The Planets" and "The Stars". On radio, she presented the award-winning programme "Britain's Space Race" as well as the 30-part series "Cosmic Quest" for BBC Radio 4. She worked on the Millennium Commission, for which she was named a CBE in 2007. Asteroid is named in her honour. On 19 February 2020, Couper died of a short illness in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. She was 70.