ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor (commonly known as Euro-Med Monitor and sometimes as Euro-Med HRM) is an independent, nonprofit organization for the protection of human rights. Euro-Mediterranean Human Right Monitor was founded by in November 2011 in Geneva, where it maintains its headquarters. There say their main objective is to raise awareness about human rights law in Europe and the Mediterranean-North Africa area and to influence the international community to take action against human rights violators. Arbitrary detention. In April 2021, a group of 22 influential academics signed a Euro-Med Monitor petition demanding that the government of Saudi Arabia release former minister Abdulaziz Al-Dakhil. [""]
Lop Nur () is a largely dried-up salt lake located in the eastern portion of the Tarim Basin in southeastern Xinjiang, China, between the Taklamakan Desert and Kumtag Desert. The lake historically supported a thriving civilization along the Silk Road, but it has mostly dried up due to damming and diversion of rivers. Today, the area is known for its nuclear testing sites and potash mining. Geography. Lop Nur is located in a basin that historically formed part of the larger Tarim Lake system, fed by the meltwater from the Tianshan, Kunlun, and western Qilian Mountains. The lake's size varied over time but was measured to cover around 3,100 km² in 1928. However, construction of reservoirs upstream drastically reduced water inflow, resulting in its current dried state, with only small seasonal lakes or salt marshes forming occasionally. History. Lop Nur has a rich historical significance, being a part of the ancient Silk Road. From around 1800 BC until the 9th century, it supported the Tocharian-speaking culture. The ancient kingdom of Loulan, which became a Chinese client state in 55 BC, was located along its shores. Loulan was later renamed Shanshan, and the area became a vital point on the trade route that connected China with Central Asia. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tarim mummies and buried settlements, have been made along the ancient shores of the lake. Notable explorers like Sven Hedin and Aurel Stein studied the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mapping its shifting landscapes. Modern Use. In modern times, Lop Nur became a site for Chinese nuclear testing, starting in the 1950s. The surrounding region is now also a site for extensive potash mining since the discovery of resources in the mid-1990s. Some areas around the lake are restricted military zones, and archaeological sites are under cultural protection. Cultural References. The desolation and isolation of Lop Nur have made it a subject of intrigue for many, including explorers, historians, and writers. The lake's disappearance and history have been the subject of numerous books and studies, as well as a focal point in discussions about environmental changes in China's deserts.
The Kingdom of Amber, later the Kingdom of Jaipur or the Jaipur State, was located in the historic region of Rajputana and was ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan.  It became a Princely State under the British rule after signing a treaty creating a subsidiary alliance with the Company in the year 1818, after the Third Anglo Maratha war. It got incorporated into the independent India in 1947 and became the part of India by 1949. Upon integration, the ruler was granted a pension and the use of the title "Maharaja of Jaipur" by the Government of India. However, the pension, privileges, and the use of the title were ended in 1971 by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.
Communist-controlled China refers to the regions of China that were under the control of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1927 to 1949 during the Chinese Civil War. The areas under CCP control were known as revolutionary base areas, and were also called the Soviet Zone from 1927 to 1937, Anti-Japanese Base Areas during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the Liberated Zone during the final stages of the Civil War.
Mirza Raja Jai Singh I (15 July 1611 – 28 August 1667) was the senior general and a high ranking governor at the imperial court of Mughal Empire as well as the Kachwaha ruler of the Kingdom of Amber (Later called as Jaipur). His predecessor was his grand uncle, Mirza Raja Bhau Singh, the younger son of Mirza Raja Man Singh I. Painting of Jai Singh
Liquid breathing is when an organism that usually breathes air breathes a special liquid rich in oxygen. This liquid can exchange carbon dioxide (&lt;chem&gt;CO2&lt;/chem&gt;) and oxygen, like perfluorocarbon (&lt;chem&gt;PFC&lt;/chem&gt;). It should possess some properties like dissolving of gases in it, appropriate viscosity and stability. Correct selection of PFC is highly important based on medical application, whether respiration or drug delivery or blood substitution is required. PFC liquids can carry more oxygen and more &lt;chem&gt;CO2&lt;/chem&gt; as compared to blood. Liquid breathing could save the life of a person who has sustained serious injury to their lungs or heart. Liquid breathing has also been proposed for use in deep diving It could also be used for deep-sea diving and space travel. But there is no standard way to use it yet.
"Girlfriend Is Better" is a 1983 song by Talking Heads and is the third track from their fifth studio album "Speaking in Tongues". It was released as a live single in 1984 for the concert movie "Stop Making Sense". It went to number 99 in the United Kingdom and number 21 in New Zealand.
Guy James Robin (born 2 August 1989), known as Jonas Blue, is an English DJ and record producer. He is best known for his singles "Perfect Strangers", "Fast Car", "Mama" and "Rise". In 2017, he released his compilation album "Jonas Blue: Electronic Nature - The Mix 2017".
Alois Hitler Jr. (born Alois Matzelsberger, 13 January 1882 - 20 May 1956) was the half-brother of Adolf Hitler. Biography. Alois Hitler Jr. was born Alois Matzelsberger, the illegitimate son of Alois Hitler and his later second wife Franziska Matzelsberger, and was baptized in the parish church of St. Othmar unter den Weißgerbern. It was not until his parents' wedding in 1883 that his parentage was confirmed. In the same year, his sister Angela was born. After this birth, his mother fell ill with tuberculosis and died on August 10, 1884. Alois and his sister then grew up with their father and his third wife Klara Hitler. Alois left his parents' home before his father's death. Alois never seemed to get along well with his half-brother Adolf. He later reported that Adolf was always favored by his mother Klara, while Alois was beaten by his father for Adolf's pranks. Since Alois Hitler Jr. showed technical talent, his father intended to send him to a suitable school and become an engineer. It seems that these hopes were suddenly abandoned, perhaps thanks to the intervention of Clara, the father was not willing to invest large sums in his son's education. Instead, Alois received an apprenticeship.  With the end of his apprenticeship, Alois Hitler Jr.'s downfall began. In 1900, he was sentenced to five months in prison for theft. In 1902, he had to go to prison for another eight months. Finally, in 1905, after serving his prison sentence, he emigrated to London, where he resumed his apprenticeship, and in 1909, he married Bridget Dowling, who was of Irish descent. In 1911, their son William Patrick was born in Liverpool. The next four years were marked by tensions in the family. Alois was a heavy drinker and beat his wife and probably their young child as regularly as he drank. In 1915, his father left the family and returned to Austria In 1924
Murray Lee Eiland, Jr. (born 9 September 1936) is an American writer, scholar, and researcher specializing in ancient oriental rugs. He has written over 20 books about rugs from the Arabian Peninsula, China, Iran, Turkestan, and the Caucasus. He also writes for the "Encyclopædia Britannica". His book, "Oriental Rugs: A Complete Guide (1998)", which he co-wrote with Murray Lee Eiland, III, explains the traditional methods, designs, and materials used in 19th- and 20th-century rugs from the Near and Far East.
The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) is an independent organization under the Ministry of Education in Bangladesh. It prepares curricula and develops, prints, and distributes textbooks for primary and secondary schools in Bangladesh. All public schools and many private schools in Bangladesh follow the NCTB curriculum. Since 2010, free books are given to students from Grade 1 to Grade 10 every year to help eliminate illiteracy. There is a two-language version of the curriculum: one in Bengali and another one in English. History. The National Curriculum and Textbook Board started functioning as the East Pakistan School Textbook Board in 1954. In 1971, its name changed to Bangladesh School Textbook Board. In 1976, it was further renamed as the National Curriculum and Syllabus Committee. In 1981, the National Curriculum Development Centre was initiated. In 1983, the National Curriculum Development Centre and the Bangladesh School Textbook Board joined to form the Bangladesh National Textbook Board, which was later renamed the National Curriculum and Textbook Board.
Settala is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Trezzano Rosa is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Trezzo sull'Adda is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Taslima Nasrin (born 25 August 1962) is a Bangladeshi writer and doctor. She writes about problems of women's oppression and criticizes religion. Some of her books are banned in Bangladesh. She has been banned from Bangladesh and also from the Indian state of West Bengal. In the early 1990s, she gained international prominence with her essays and novels that expressed feminist notions along with criticism of women-hostile religions. Because of death threats, she has lived in exile since 1994. After over a decade of living in Europe and the USA, in 2004, she shifted to India and has been living there on a long-term visa. Early life and career. Nasrin is the daughter of Dr. Rajab Ali and Edul Ara, Bengali Muslims from Mymensingh. Her father was a doctor and a professor at several medical colleges. After finishing high school in 1976 and college in 1978, she studied medicine at Mymensingh Medical College and obtained her MBBS degree in 1984. While still at college, she wrote and edited a poetry magazine called Shenjuti"." After graduating, she worked at a family planning clinic in Mymensingh, then at the gynaecology department of Mitford Hospital and the anesthesia department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. While working she saw many girls who had been raped and heard women cry in despair if their baby was a girl. She was born into a Muslim family but later in life became an atheist. Her writing reflected a feminist approach. Literary career. Early in her career, Nasrin had written mainly poetry, and from 1982 to 1993 issued six collections. Her poems spoke to many of female oppression and displayed very graphic language. She started writing prose in the late 1980s, publishing three essay collections along with four novels before her documentary novel Lajja (). This novel told of a Hindu family under attack from Muslim fanatics, which drove them to flee their country. Nasrin faced many physical and other attacks for criticizing Islam and demanding women’s equality. Hundreds of thousands of fanatics demanded her execution. In October 1993, a radical group
Tribiano is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Kanishka's conquest of Greater Bactria happened when the Parthian Empire lost major parts of its significant province of Bactria to the expanding Kushan Empire, led by its ruler Kaniska I.
Kujula Kadphises' conquest of Greater Bactria was when the first Kushan Emperor conquered the Guissar mountains and subjugated western Bactria. Further informations. Some of the statues of the Khalchayan palatial site in Bactria, dated circa 50 CE, probably corresponded to the rule of Kujula Kadphises.
Hyloxalus cepedai is a frog. It lives in Colombia. Home. Scientists saw this frog on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that were not too high above sea level. It can live in grassy places with small, woody plants, forests that have been cut down and are growing back, and places near water. Scientists do not know if this frog can live in places that human beings have changed. Scientists saw this frog between 450 and 1120 meters above sea level. Scientists have seen this frog in one protected park: Reserva Forestal Nacional Vanguardia. Young. The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water. Danger. Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. People change the places where the frog lives to make farms and to make places for human beings to live. Bad chemicals in the water can also hurt this frog.
Truccazzano is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Vermezzo con Zelo is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy. It was created on 8 February 2019 from the former municipalities of Vermezzo and Zelo Surrigone.
Xenohormones are chemicals produced outside the human body that can act like hormones. They can come from plants (like phytoestrogens) or be man-made. These chemicals disrupt the activity of our steroid hormones through numerous possible mechanisms of action like - acting directly on hormone receptors, changing in the levels of natural hormones within the body and modifying the function of hormone receptors. The most widely known xenohormones are the xenoestrogens, which mimic the action of estrogen. Other classes include xenoandrogens-electively similar to anabolic steroids-and xenoprogesterones. Xenohormones have applications in products such as oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and agriculture. Exposure to certain xenohormones during critical periods in child development can result in reproductive problems, thyroid problems, and young age at puberty. Later in life, they can increase the risk of cancers like testicular, prostate, ovarian, and uterine cancer.
Vermezzo was a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy. On 8 February 2019, the former municipalities of Vermezzo and Zelo Surrigone merged to form the new municipality of Vermezzo con Zelo.
Zelo Surrigone was a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy. On 8 February 2019, the former municipalities of Vermezzo and Zelo Surrigone merged to form the new municipality of Vermezzo con Zelo.
Vignate () is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Vittuone is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.
The Battle of the Oxus happened when Chandragupta II defeated the Huns at the banks of the Oxus river.  Battle. Submission of Varahran. After the (Persian) Sasanians faced defeat in the Battle of Sistan, which demorilzed the Persian contingents in present day Afghanistan. As the Gupta Army marched northwards to Kapisa, Varahran was quick to grasp the political realities and offered his submission to the Gupta Emperor, Chandragupta II. Gupta cavalry's arrival by the Oxus river. Bactria was under the Huna occupation in the last quarter of the fourth century AD. The sudden attack into the Oxus valley caught the Transoxiana alliance off-gaurd. The Pamir Tocharians were unable to combine with the Hunas (Hephtalites). On hearing the news of the Gupta Empire advanced, the Hephtalites resorted to a tactical retreat to the north of the Oxus River into the plains of Southern Uzbekistan. When the Gupta cavalry arrived by the Oxus river on the southern banks, they camped there. Kalidasa poetically described how the cavalry camped on the banks of the river Vankshu in the midst of saffron fields in a verse of his Raghuvamsa: Historians studied this as a description of the Gupta cavalry camping on the banks of the Oxus during Chandragupta II's expedition.
Soul of a New Machine is the debut studio album by American industrial metal band Fear Factory. It was released on August 25, 1992 by Roadrunner Records. While it was Fear Factory's first studio album to be released, it was their second to be recorded. The first was "Concrete", which was recorded in 1991 but not released until 11 years later. German magazine "Rock Hard" described it as death metal with many other elements such as industrial metal. "Soul of a New Machine" was remastered and re-released on October 5, 2004. It came on a digipak with the remastered "Fear Is the Mindkiller" EP.
The Israel–Hamas war began on 7 October 2023 when the Qassam Brigades began an attack on the Gaza Envelope region and Negev Desert that became Israel in 1948, followed by allied militant groups from the Gaza Strip. Things that happened in Israel are in Israel Summer Time (), until 29 October when it changes to Israel Standard Time ().
The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia (also called Lower Lorraine or Northern Lotharingia) was a medieval stem duchy within the Holy Roman Empire. It was established in 959, following the division of the larger realm of Lotharingia, which had been created from the Middle Frankish kingdom of King Lothair II in 855. Lower Lotharingia comprised most of modern-day Belgium, Luxembourg, parts of the Netherlands, and the northern part of the German Rhineland. History. Lower Lotharingia emerged as one of the two divisions of the former Duchy of Lotharingia, which had been part of the Carolingian Middle Francia. In 959, Duke Bruno the Great, brother of Emperor Otto I, divided Lotharingia into Upper and Lower Lotharingia. Bruno granted Count Godfrey I of Hainaut the title of Duke of Lower Lorraine.  While the duchies of Upper and Lower Lorraine were briefly reunited in 1033 under Duke Gothelo I, they quickly separated again, and by 1044, Lower Lotharingia began to decline in significance. By the late 12th century, the duchy had lost most of its political power. Upon the death of Duke Godfrey III in 1190, the duchy effectively ceased to exist as a territorial unit, although the title of Duke of Lothier continued to be used by the Dukes of Brabant. Legacy. Lower Lotharingia played a key role in the medieval power struggles between the Holy Roman Emperors and the kings of France. The duchy’s territory later fragmented into smaller principalities and counties, which would go on to become parts of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
Brabant is a historical and geographical region in the Low Countries of Europe, divided today between Belgium and the Netherlands. It was originally the core territory of the medieval Duchy of Brabant, and it continues to carry cultural and historical significance. History. Brabant originated as a medieval pagus (district) in the Carolingian Empire, centered around the modern Belgian cities of Brussels and Leuven. By the 12th century, it became the Landgraviate of Brabant, and in 1183 it was elevated to the Duchy of Brabant within the Holy Roman Empire. The duchy expanded in influence during the Middle Ages and became a prominent territory in the Low Countries. The northern part of the duchy was ceded to the Dutch Republic in the 17th century and became known as Staats-Brabant. The southern part remained within the Spanish, later Austrian Netherlands, before becoming part of modern Belgium in 1830. Modern Divisions. Following administrative reforms, the historical province of Brabant was split in 1995 into three modern regions: In the Netherlands, the province of North Brabant corresponds to the northern part of the historical duchy. Notable Landmarks. The region of Brabant is known for its rich architectural and cultural heritage, including:
Yerbas Buenas is a Chilean commune in the Province of Linares, in the central zone of Chile, belonging to the Maule Region, and the town that serves as the capital of the commune, located 12 kilometers northeast of the city of Linares, the provincial capital. It has a very outstanding architectural and historical heritage and is a true example of a Chilean colonial rural village, preserving the atmosphere of that time and enriching the cultural heritage of the province, the region and the country. The commune, one of the smallest in the region, has 262 km² and is located entirely within the intermediate depression. It borders to the north with San Clemente (Talca Province); to the south, with Linares; to the west, with Villa Alegre and San Javier, and to the east, with Colbún. Together with the communes of Cauquenes, Chanco, Colbún, Linares, Longaví, Parral, Pelluhue, Retiro, San Javier, Villa Alegre, it integrates the 18th district (deputies), and the 9th District (senators) that covers the entire Maule Region. Demographics. The commune of Yerbas Buenas covers an area of 262.1 km² and a population of 16,134 inhabitants (INE census 2002), corresponding to 1.61% of the total population of the region and a density of 61.56 inhabitants/km². Of the total population, 7,754 are women (48.06%) and 8,380 are men (51.94%). 90.11% (14,539 inhabitants) corresponds to the rural population, and 9.89% (1,595 inhabitants) corresponds to the urban population. It is one of the communes that grew the most in the province between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. This is partly due to its proximity to the provincial capital, of which the southernmost sector of the Yerbas Buenas commune is becoming a suburb, favoured by more affluent groups of residents. Another demographic attraction is the
The district Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education in Bangladesh oversee the country’s education system at three levels: primary, secondary, and higher secondary. They conduct exams for the Secondary School Certificate (S.S.C) and Higher Secondary Certificate (H.S.C). They also recognize private educational institutes. Two alternative education boards:
The German invasion of Belgium was a military campaign that marked the beginning of the First World War on the Western Front. The invasion began on 4 August 1914 and lasted until 31 October 1914. Belgium, having declared its neutrality, mobilized its armed forces in response to escalating tensions in Europe, while Germany sought to pass through Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan to quickly invade France. Background. On 24 July 1914, the Belgian government declared that it would uphold its neutrality in the event of war. However, as German forces began to mobilize, Belgium reinforced its borders and raised a state of alert. On 2 August, Germany issued an ultimatum to Belgium, demanding passage through the country to invade France. Belgium refused, and on 4 August, German troops crossed into Belgium, leading to the Battle of Liège. Invasion and Early Battles. The German invasion aimed to position the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd German Armies in Belgium to initiate their advance into France. After the fall of Liège on 7 August, German forces besieged Belgian fortresses along the Meuse River, capturing the city of Namur on 16–17 August. Brussels fell on 20 August as the Belgian government retreated to Antwerp. The Belgian Army continued to resist, staging sorties from Antwerp and harassing German supply lines. However, by September, most of Belgium was under German control, with the exception of areas around Antwerp. Rape of Belgium. The German occupation of Belgium became notorious for its harsh treatment of civilians. The fear of guerrilla fighters, or "francs-tireurs", led to widespread atrocities against the Belgian population. Villages were burned, and civilians were executed in what became known as the Rape of Belgium, leading to international condemnation. British and French Reinforcements. Although the bulk of the German forces moved south into France, British and French forces supported Belgian efforts in the later stages of the invasion. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) arrived in Belgium, and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) conducted air reconnaissance missions over Belgian territory. Despite these reinforcements, the Siege of Antwerp ended with the