ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
was a Japanese geneticist and evolutionary biologist. He went to the United States in 1951 as a visiting scholar to UCLA. He later became a citizen of the USA. Biography. Susumu Ohno was born of Japanese parents in Seoul, Korea, on February 1, 1928. The family returned to Japan after the war in 1945. His passion for science came from his lifelong love of horses. He earned a Ph.D. in veterinary science at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in 1949, and later a Ph.D. and D.Sc. from Hokkaido University. Scientific contributions. Ohno suggested that gene duplication plays a major role in evolution in his classic book "Evolution by Gene Duplication" (1970). Subsequent research has overwhelmingly confirmed the key role of gene duplication in molecular evolution. Sometimes. one gene copy, or "paralog", takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event. This means one of the gene copies mutates to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene. In this way, a gene duplication may lead to new possibilities in its descendents. Normally, a big change in gene function is resisted because the original function is needed, but after a duplication one gene carries on the original function. Therefore, a change of function in the second copy is possible without loss of fitness. In his book, he also suggested that vertebrate genome is the result of one or more entire genome duplications. Variations of this idea have come to be known as the 2R hypothesis (also called "Ohno's hypothesis"). He indicated that mammalian X chromosomes are conserved among species: it has been referred to as Ohno's law. He also invented the term Junk DNA for segments of the DNA that have no known function.
Arjen Anthony Lucassen (born 3 April 1960) is a Dutch singer and record producer. Career. Lucassen started his music career in 1980, as a guitarist for the band Bodine. In 1984, Lucassen left the band to play guitar for Vengeance. He left the band in 1992. In 1994, he released his first solo album, "Pools of Sorrow, Waves of Joy". He played most of the instruments on the album. The album was not successful. In 2001, an album Lucassen made with Astrid van der Veen called "Fate of a Dreamer" was released. In 2009, Lucassen started a new side project, Guilt Machine.
Martin Edward Elkort (April 18, 1929 – November 19, 2016) is an American photographer, illustrator and writer. He is best known for his street photography. Many of his works are held and displayed by several well known art museums in the United States. Elkort was born in the New York City, New York borough of The Bronx. He grew up during the Great Depression. He married Edythe in 1953. He lived in Los Angeles, California with his wife.
The Killarney National Park is a national park in County Kerry in Ireland. There are mountains, lakes, woods and waterfalls in the park. The size of the park is . The highest mountain range in Ireland (called McGillycuddy's Reeks) is in the park. The park is to the south and west of the town of Killarney. Wildlife. There are different kinds of animals in the park. There are red deer and white tailed eagles. The eagles were reintroduced into the park in 2007. Local farmers disagreed with the reintroduction because they can kill lambs. Status. The park is an Irish national park. It is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Eulaulah Donyll Hathaway (also known as Lalah Hathaway; born December 16, 1968) is an American contemporary R&amp;B and jazz singer and musician. She has had several hit singles. They include "Let Me Love You" (a 1994 song) and "Baby Don't Cry" in 1990. Lalah Hathaway is the daughter of late singer-songwriter Donny Hathaway. Hathaway was born in Chicago.
Ice Age is an American animated movie series. There are currently five movies: "Ice Age" (2002), ' (2006), ' (2009), ' (2012), and ' (2016) An animated movie that was a spin-off of the "Ice Age" franchise, which was titled "The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild" was released on January 28, 2022. A sixth film is in development.
Blue shift is one example of the Doppler effect. It is the opposite effect to redshift. Doppler blueshift is caused by movement of a source towards the observer. The term applies to any decrease in wavelength caused by relative motion, even outside the visible spectrum. The wavelength of any reflected or emitted photon or other particle is shortened in the direction of travel. Doppler blueshift is used in astronomy to determine relative motion: The reason astronomers can tell how far the light gets shifted is because certain chemical elements, like the calcium in bones or the oxygen people breathe has a unique fingerprint of light that no other chemical element has. They can see what colors of light are coming from a star, and see what it is made of. Once they know that, they look at the difference between where the fingerprint (called spectral lines) is and where it is supposed to be. When they see that, they can tell how far away the star is, whether it is moving toward us or away from us, and also how fast it is going, since the faster it goes, the farther the distance the spectral lines are from where they should be.
Bakewell is a small town and civil parish in Derbyshire Dales, Derbyshire, England. About 4,000 people live in the town.
Matthew John Robinson (24 October 1985 – 21 February 2014) was an Australian snowboarder. He was a Paralympian. He won Australia's first IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup snowboard gold medal in Copper Mountain, Colorado in the United States. In February 2014, he got head and neck injuries after an accident at the La Molina ski resort in Spain. He was sent to fly back to Australia by plane soon after. Robinson died from cardiac arrest on 21 February 2014 while refueling in Kuwait. He was 28 years old. His memorial service was held in Perth, Western Australia on 7 March. At the time of his death, he was living in Melbourne, Victoria with his fiancée.
Shane Albert Doan (born October 10, 1976) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player currently serving as chief hockey development officer for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). Doan spent the entirety of his 21-season NHL career with the Coyotes franchise, beginning with the Winnipeg Jets in 1995 before playing in Arizona for two decades. Career. Before playing in the NHL, Doan played 3 seasons with the Kamloops Blazers of the Western Hockey League (WHL). During his time there, he was able to win the Memorial Cup two years in a row with the Blazers and won the Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player in the Memorial Cup Tournament. He was drafted with the 7th overall pick by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. In the 2003-04 season, he was named the third captain in Phoenix Coyotes history, replacing Teppo Numminen, who was traded to the Dallas Stars. He signed a 4-year, $21.2 million contract with the Coyotes on September 14, 2012. On August 30, 2017, Doan officially announced his retirement from the NHL. Personal life. He grew up in a religious family and continues to be a practicing Christian. He also writes Bible verse Romans 8:28 on his hockey sticks. In April 2011 Doan along with his brother Brook appeared as the "Prey" on the television series "Mantracker".
Mycoplasma genitalium is a small parasitic bacterium which lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the primate genital and respiratory tracts. It has one of the smallest known genomes, and is one of the smallest bacteria. Other very small bacteria are the endosymbiont "Candidatus" Carsonella ruddii, and the recently discovered bacterium "Nanoarchaeum". The smallest known free living bacterium is "Pelagibacter ubique" with 1.3 Mb. Origin and isolation. "Mycoplasma genitalium" was originally isolated in 1980 from the urethras of two male humans with non-gonococcal urethritis. Infection by "M. genitalium" is fairly common, and is transmitted between partners during unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be treated with antibiotics. Much remains to be discovered about its role in sexual disease. Genome. "M. genitalium" has 525 genes. There are 482 protein-encoding genes in a circular chromosome of 582,970 base pairs. An initial study of the "M. genitalium" genome with shotgun sequencing was done by Peterson in 1993. It was then sequenced by Fraser and others. It was found to contain only 470 predicted coding regions, including genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. It was the second complete bacterial genome ever sequenced, after "Haemophilus influenzae".
Axe (known as Lynx in United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) are a brand of grooming products. They are marketed more towards younger men.  It was inspired by Unilever's other brand Impulse and was first launched in 1983. Unilever attempted to launch Axe in the rest of Europe but they had to change the name to Lynx because of trademark problems. The company has also run into controversy. Their advertisements have been criticized for their supposed promotion of encouraging sexual promiscuity and sexism.
Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! (English: Downtown's We Aren't Errand Boys!) is an Japanese variety show show. It is shown on the Nippon Television network and features the popular Japanese owarai duo, Downtown. The show is popular for its "no laughing" batsu games where the cast has to endure many ridiculous situations for 24 hours in a place which the theme is and must not laugh or they will be hit with a weapon on the buttocks. Usually, this program is shown for about 6 hours on the New Year's Eve. This program has a long broadcast period after Shōten in Nippon Television. Cast. Regular. Hitoshi Matsumoto is taking charge of the composition of this program.He suggests many of plans. Masatoshi Hamada does chairman advance. He is an indispensable character to this program.  Semi-regular. preceding opinion or plan  Periodical Guest. He appears in series as a punishment or a Must not laugh  He appears in series as a punishment or a Must not laugh, Itao Plan Yamazaki VS Moriman Syozi Murakami classroom  Program staff. He is Nippon Television work deputy chief Comprehensive production Project. Moriman has won all the games. Audience ratings. This program is always ranked in the top 10 in variety program annual audience rating from 1995 to 2001. The number of sales of a total of eight DVDs records smash success which sells about 1700000 sheets. The ninth DVD was also sold, it became the 1st place of a ranking first appearance, and the number of the gross sales exceeded 2 million sheets.
The Grand Duchy of Baden was a former monarchy in Europe. It is now part of modern Germany. The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: "Großherzogtum Baden") was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918, the capitol was the city of Karlsruhe. Originally the grand ducal family were entitled to the style of "Highness". The heir to the throne was usually known as the Hereditary Prince with the higher style of "Royal Highness".  The state was abolished in 1918 after the German Revolution where several monarchies ended.
Rafael Aburto Renovales (November 2, 1913 – March 9, 2014) was a Spanish architect. His most famous works are Casa Sindical de Madrid and Obra Sindical del Hogar. Aburto helped organize the Council of Spanish Architectural Associations.  Aburto was born in Neguri, Vizcaya, Spain. He studied at Madrid School of Architecture. He turned 100 in November 2013. Aburto died of natural causes in Madrid, aged 100.
An Extremely Goofy Movie (also known as Another Goofy Movie) is a 2000 American direct-to-video animated comedy movie. It was produced by Lynne Southerland and was directed by Ian Harrowell and Douglas McCarthy. It is a sequel to the 1995 movie "A Goofy Movie". An Extremely Goofy Movie was released on February 29, 2000 in North America, the latest release was September 1, 2001 in Russia. The movie holds a 57% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie won the "Best Animated Home Video Production" category at the 28th Annie Awards in 2000. Bill Farmer was also nominated for "Best Voice Acting by a Male Performer". It was originally set to release in fall 1999, but like it's predecessor, it was pushed back to 2000. Cast. The additional voices were provided by the following voice actors:
Ralph Miliband (born Adolphe Miliband; 7 January 1924 – 21 May 1994) was a Polish-British Marxist sociologist.  Miliband was born in Brussels, Belgium to working class Polish Jewish immigrants. He was a Polish citizen from 1924-1948. He was a British citizen from 1948 until his death. Personal life. Ralph was married to Marion Kozak from September 1961 until his death. The couple's sons are David Miliband and Ed Miliband. Miliband had heart disease. He had coronary artery bypasss surgery in 1991. He died of a heart attack in London. He is buried in Highgate Cemetery.
A puteal is an old-fashioned structure built around the hole of a well. It is made to stop people from easily falling in. Some puteals have bas relief. Some have a step that leads to the water well itself. Puteals were decoration or part of an architectural design. In the big places where a lot of people walked in Venice, puteals had cast-iron lids. That protected people even more and stopped the water supply from becoming dirty. Classically, puteals were made of carved stone, or marble in Europe. They were in big private courtyards and town/city squares.
Lorenzo Elliott Semple III (March 27, 1923 – March 28, 2014), better known as Lorenzo Semple Jr., was an American screenwriter and playwright. He was best known for his work on the campy television series "Batman". He also wrote the movies "Papillon", "The Parallax View" (1974), "Three Days of the Condor" (1975), "Flash Gordon" (1980), and "Never Say Never Again" (1983). He was born in New Rochelle, New York. Semple died from natural causes on March 28, 2014 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He died a day after his 91st birthday.
Marc-Adélard Tremblay, (April 24, 1922 – March 20, 2014) was a Canadian anthropologist. He was a Professor of Anthropology at the Université Laval and was Dean of the Graduate School from 1971 to 1979. From 1981 to 1984, he was the President of the Royal Society of Canada. He was born in Les Éboulements, Quebec. He studied at Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and Cornell University. Tremblay died on March 20, 2014 in his hometown of Les Éboulements, Quebec. He was 91 years old.
The Ballycroy National Park is a national park in County Mayo in Ireland. The main feature of the park is blanket bog and mountainous wilderness. The size of the park is . History. This park was opened in November 1998. It is Ireland's sixth national park.
Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr. (July 15, 1924 – March 28, 2014) was a United States aviator and Rear Admiral, and also a United States Senator. He spent almost eight years as a Prisoner of War (PoW) in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He later wrote a book which became a movie about those experiences. He was born in Mobile, Alabama. Denton died from complications of a heart ailment on March 28, 2014 at a hospice in Virginia Beach, Virginia. He was 89 years old.
Paul Dominique Laxalt (August 2, 1922 – August 6, 2018) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Nevada in the United States Senate. Laxalt also served as Nevada's governor. He ran for President in 1988 against George H. W. Bush for the Republican Party presidential primary. However, he did not win. Laxalt was born in Reno, Nevada. His grandson is Adam Laxalt, who is the Republican nominee for Governor of Nevada. Laxalt died on August 6, 2018, at a health care facility in McLean, Virginia from complications of a fall, aged 96.
James Lane Buckley (March 9, 1923 – August 18, 2023) was an American judge and politician. He was a judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was nominated by Ronald Reagan. Before, Buckley served as a United States Senator from the state of New York. His brother was journalist William F. Buckley, Jr.. Buckley was born in New York City. In December 2019, he became the oldest living former U.S. Senator following the death of Jocelyn Burdick. Buckley turned 100 in March 2023, and died at a hospital in Washington, D.C. five months later on August 18, 2023 from problems caused by a fall.
Paul Dominique Laxalt (August 2, 1923 – April 17, 2015) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and in the House of Representatives. Griffin was a Republican. Laxalt was born in Detroit, Michigan.
John Melcher (September 6, 1924 – April 12, 2018) was an American politician of the Democratic Party. He represented Montana in the United States House of Representatives, and as a United States Senator from 1977 until 1989. Melcher was born in Sioux City, Iowa. He studied at University of Minnesota and at Iowa State University. Melcher died on April 12, 2018 in Missoula, Montana at the age of 93.
John Philip Holland () (29 February 184012 August 1914) was an Irish-American engineer. He developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy. He also created the first Royal Navy submarine, the "Holland 1".  He is often known as the father of the modern submarine for his designs. Holland died on 12 August 1914 in Newark, New Jersey, aged 74.
Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American physicist. Anderson created and helped prove theories such as localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking, high-temperature superconductivity. He wrote many things about the emergent phenomena. Anderson was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was raised in Urbana, Illinois. Anderson studied at Harvard University.  Anderson was an atheist and was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.  He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977 and the National Medal of Science in 1982. Anderson died on March 29, 2020 in Princeton, New Jersey, aged 96.
José Alencar Gomes da Silva (; 17 October 1931 – 29 March 2011), also known as José Alencar, the Strong, was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He served as the Vice President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010. Alencar died from kidney, stomach, and prostate cancer in São Paulo, São Paulo, aged 79.
A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony which is made for people who died that were very important in their country. Usually with a state funeral, there also comes a day where everyone mourns the person who died.  Often, state funerals are given to royal or political people such as Presidents, Prime Ministers, Dictators, Governors, Mayors, Senators, or Vice Presidents. Military people and people who are famous for other reasons sometimes have a state funeral.
Sunanda Pushkar (née Dass; 27 June 1962 – 17 January 2014) was an Indian and Canadian business person. She was the wife of Indian minister Shashi Tharoor. She was a sales manager in the Dubai-based TECOM Investments. She was also a co-owner of the India-based Rendezvous Sports World. Her born into a Kashmiri Pandit family. Pushkar committed suicide by overdosing on sedatives, other strong medicines and probably alcohol on 17 January 2014 at a hotel in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. She was 51 years old. She was outlived by her husband and children.
Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama movie. It was produced by Robbie Brenner and Rachel Winter. The movie was directed by Jean-Marc Vallée. Dallas Buyers Club was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2013. It was released in North America on November 1, 2013. The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was nominated for 6 awards at the 86th Academy Awards which included Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor for McConaughey, Best Supporting Actor for Leto, Best Film Editing, and Best Makeup. McConaughey won the award for Best Actor and Leto won the award for Best Supporting Actor. Robin Mathews also won for the Best Makeup category even though she only had a $250 budget. McConaughey and Leto also won the Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor Screen Actors Guild Awards and the Best Actor – Motion Picture – Drama and Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture at the 71st Golden Globe Awards.
Donald Joseph "Don" Ward (October 19, 1935 – January 6, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 34 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks and Boston Bruins in the late 1950s. He was born in Sarnia, Ontario. Ward died on January 6, 2014 in Shoreline, Washington in the United States. He was 78 years old. He was outlived by his wife and son.
John Edward "Jack" Stoddard (September 26, 1926 – January 29, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played 80 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers between 1946 and 1962. He was born in Stoney Creek, Ontario. Stoddard died on January 29, 2014 in Owen Sound, Ontario. He was 87 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.
Gerald Francis "Jerry" Coleman (September 14, 1924 – January 5, 2014) was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played for the New York Yankees from 1949 to 1957. He managed the San Diego Padres for one year in 1980. He was born in San Jose, California. Coleman died from a brain hemorrhage caused by complications from a fall on January 5, 2014 in San Diego, California. He was 89 years old. He was outlived by his second wife and three children.
The Basin and Range Province is a vast geographic region in the west United States and northwest Mexico. Its topography has abrupt changes in height. It has narrow faulted mountain chains and flat arid valleys or basins. There are many ecoregions, but the lower part is mostly desert. The physical geography (physiography) of the province was caused by extension and thinning of the lithosphere, which is composed of crust and upper mantle. What caused this thinning is still being investigated. The thinning began around 17 million years ago (mya) in early Miocene time. The highest point fully within the Province is White Mountain Peak in California, while the lowest point is Badwater Basin in Death Valley. Other high points are at the boundary of the Basin and Range province. The numerous ranges within the Province in the United States are collectively referred to as the Great Basin Ranges, although many are not actually in the Great Basin. The Great Basin is only the northern part of the greater Basin and Range region. The Great Basin is defined by its watershed (internal drainage). Clarence Dutton compared the many narrow mountain ranges of the Basin and Range to an "army of caterpillars crawling northward", which is a helpful way to visualize the overall appearance of the region. Volcanics. Before the Eocene epoch (55.8 ±0.2 to 33.9 ±0.1 mya) the Farallon and North American plates were converging. During the Eocene the many volcanos in the Basin and Range Province flared up. The Farallon plate continued to be underthrust until about 19 mya. By then it was consumed and volcanic activity ceased.
Equation solving is field of mathematics that is about finding the functions or values that will make an equation true. An equation says that two expressions are equal. These expressions contain one or more unknowns, which are usually called free variables.  There are a number of changes (transformations) that can be done to make it easier to find the solution. There are many kinds of equation, and some have no solution in the domain (field) where they are studied. Other kinds of equation cannot be solved exactly, and approximation needs to be used. Similarly, a system of equations may have no solutions, or an infinite number of solutions. Methods of solution. Methods for solving equations include: