ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
In mathematics, a function maps an input value to an output value. In the case of a matrix function, the input and the output values are matrices. One example of a matrix function occurs with the Algebraic Riccati equation, which is used to solve certain optimal control problems.  Matrix functions are special functions made by matrices. Definitions. Most functions like formula_1 are defined as a solution of a differential equation. But matrix functions will use a different way. Suppose formula_2 is a complex number and formula_3 is a square matrix. If you have a polynomial: formula_4, then it is reasonable to define formula_5 Let's use this idea. When you have formula_6, then you can introduce formula_7 For example, the matrix version of the exponential function and the trigonometric functions are defined as follows: formula_8 formula_9 Importance. Matrix functions are used at numerical methods for ordinary differential equations and statistics. This is why numerical analysts are studying how to compute them. For example, the following functions are studied:
The Mauritian flying fox ("Pteropus niger") is also known as Greater Mascarene flying fox or Mauritius fruit bat.  It is a megabat species endemic to Mauritius and La Réunion. An out-of-date name for this megabat is "Vespertilio niger".
Žarko Domljan (14 September 1932 – 5 September 2020) was a Croatian politician. He was the first Speaker of the Croatian Parliament after Croatia's independence from Yugoslavia. He was the speaker from 30 May 1990 to 2 August 1992. He later was a Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Domljan died on 5 September 2020 in Zagreb, aged 87.
Levon Aram Altounian (; ; 15 February 1936 – 6 September 2020) was a Lebanese footballer. He played as a winger or midfielder. He was born in Beirut. Altounian played his whole club career at Homenetmen between 1952 and 1973. He also played for the national team from 1954 to 1963.  On 6 September 2020, Altounian died at a hospital in Roumieh, Lebanon at the age of 84.
Kevin Patrick Dobson (March 18, 1943 – September 6, 2020) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Detective Bobby Crocker in the CBS crime drama "Kojak" (1973–1978) and as M. Patrick "Mack" MacKenzie in "Knots Landing" (1982–1993). He was born in New York City. Dobson died of a heart attack on September 6, 2020 in Coalinga, California at the age of 77.
Coalinga ( or ) is a city in Fresno County and the western San Joaquin Valley, in central California. The population was 17,590 at the 2020 census. This is up from 13,380 at the 2010 census, and 11,668 at the 2000 census.
Sergey Mikhailovich Koltakov (; December 10, 1955 – September 7, 2020) was a Russian actor. He was born in Barnaul, Altai Krai, Soviet Union. He was best known for his roles as Sergei in "Mirror for a Hero" (1987), Hank in "New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court" (1988) and as Konstatin in "The Life of Klim Samgin" (1988). Koltakov died on September 7, 2020 in Moscow, aged 64.
Abdul Malik Fadjar (22 February 1939 – 7 September 2020) was an Indonesian politician and academic. He was the Minister of Religious Affairs between 1998 to 1999 and Minister of Education from 2001 to 2004. He worked during the cabinets of B. J. Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri. Fadjar died on 7 September 2020 at the age of 81.
The Centralian tree frog ("Ranoidea gilleni") is a tree frog from Australia. It lives in the MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory. This frog lives in rocky places with water holes and bodies of water that sometimes dry up. It hides during the day. Scientists do not know much about the eggs or tadpoles. Scientists used to think this was the same frog as "Litoria caerulea".
The CLP-1 or () is the top division of the Tunisian Football Federation. It was created in 1921. History. The football championship of Tunisia, was first held in 1907 by the "Ligue Tunisienne de football" (Tunisian League of football – LTF) then the Tunisian Football Federation (FTF). The first edition opposed the three teams of "Racing club of Tunis", "Football club of Bizerte" and "Sporting of Ferryville", and the two school teams of the "Carnot College of Tunis" and the "Sadiki College". It became official with the creation of the LTF in 1921 and its affiliation with the French federation of football. Until 1939, the title of champion was attributed as a result of dams between the regional champions. But from 1946 to 1947, a championship of "excellence" (national division) was created and competes nationally. In 1944–1945, 1945–1946 and 1952–1953, the championship was not disputed and was replaced by a criterium (a kind of tournament pools where participation is voluntary).  The current big clubs are created during this period: "Esperance Sportive de Tunis" (1919), "Club African" (1920), "Etoile Sportive du Sahel" (1925), "Club Athletic Bizertin" and "Club Sportif Sfaxien" (1928). Media coverage. El Watania 1 and El Watania 2 have the broadcast rights of the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 since independence. Qatari channels Al-Kass Sports have the rights of broadcasting 10 meetings per season, most of them derby matches, since the 2015–16 season. Tunisia champions by season. This is the list of the clubs that won the Tunisian League: Performances. Performance by club. Teams in Bold compete in 2019–20 Ligue 1. Top scorers. This is the list of top scorers by season.
Patricia Manterola (; born Bertha Patricia Manterola Carrión on April 23, 1972) is a Mexican singer and actress. She was born in Mexico City. Her career began in 1989. She was one of the original members of the Mexican pop group Garibaldi. She is known for her role as Julia in the telenovela "Apuesta por un amor". From 1999 to 2005, she was married to Garibaldi group member Xavier Ortiz.
Xavier Ortiz (June 29, 1962 – September 7, 2020) was a Mexican actor, singer, and businessman. He was a member of the Mexican pop group Garibaldi. He was known for his roles in "Journey from the Fall" and the Mexican production of "P.S. Your Cat Is Dead". He also played Lalo in the 2009 telenovela "Un gancho al corazón". From 1999 to 2005, he was married to his Garibaldi member Patricia Manterola. Ortiz killed himself on September 7, 2020 at his home in Guadalajara, aged 48.
Patrick Anthony Sweeney (September 2, 1939 – September 7, 2020) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1997 to 1998, and a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1967 to 1997.  He was appointed in January 1997 to fill the vacancy caused by Dennis Kucinich, who was elected to Congress. Sweeney was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Sweeney died on September 7, 2020 in Cleveland at the age of 81.
Joseph Chennoth (13 October 1943 – 8 September 2020) was an Indian Syro Malabar Catholic prelate. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He was an archbishop and an apostolic nuncio from 1999 until his death. He was made a priest on 4 May 1969 by Bishop Paul Ch’eng Shih-kuang of Tainan, Taiwan. Pope John Paul II named him titular archbishop of Milevum and Apostolic Nuncio to the Central African Republic and to Chad on 24 August 1999. Pope Benedict XVI named him Apostolic Nuncio to Tanzania on 15 June 2005. Benedict appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Japan on 15 August 2011. Chennoth died on 8 September 2020 in Tokyo, aged 76.
Jaya Prakash Reddy (10 October 1945  – 8 September 2020) was an Indian Telugu actor. He was born in Sirvel, Andhra Pradesh, India. He was known for his roles in "Samarasimha Reddy", "Jayam Manade Raa and" "Chennakesava Reddy".  Reddy died on 8 September 2020 at his home in Guntur due to cardiac arrest, aged 74.
Veikko Olavi "Vexi" Salmi (; 21 September 1942 – 8 September 2020) was a Finnish lyricist. He wrote the lyrics to many popular songs for several prominent artists, including Irwin Goodman, Jari Sillanpää, and Katri Helena.  His career as a lyricist began in the 1960s. He was born in Hämeenlinna, Finland. He wrote the lyrics to many Eurovision entry songs such as "Huilumies" and "Katson sineen taivaan". Salmi died from a short-illness in Helsinki on 8 September 2020, aged 77.
Jorge Aurelio Iragorri Hormaza (28 April 1937 – 7 September 2020) was a Colombian politician. He was born in Popayán, Colombia. He was a member of the Social Party of National Unity. He was the Governor of Cauca from 1975 to 1976. He was also a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1981 to 1982 and Senate from 1991 to 2014. Iragorri Hormaza died on 7 September 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 83.
The Congress of the Republic of Colombia () is the name given to Colombia's bicameral national legislature. The Congress of Colombia is made up of the 108-seat Senate "(Senado)", and the 172-seat Chamber of Representatives "(Cámara de Representantes)". Members of both houses are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms.
The House of Representatives (Spanish: "Cámara de Representantes") is the lower house of the Congress of Colombia. It has 172 members elected to four-year terms. According to the Colombian Constitution, the House of Representatives, currently made up of 166 representatives serving four-year terms, is elected in territorial constituencies, special constituencies and an international constituency.
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial began on April 29, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for joint conspiracy to start a war (categorized as "Class A" crimes), conventional war crimes ("Class B") and crimes against humanity ("Class C"). Eleven countries (Australia, Canada, China, France, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) provided judges and prosecutors for the court. Twenty-eight Japanese military and political leaders were charged. The trial ended on November 12, 1948.
The trolley problem is an imaginary problem that people can solve to explore how the human mind works. Oxford University philosophy professor Philippa Foot in the 1960s wrote about the trolley problem and other problems in her 1967 essay "The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect." Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Judith Jarvis Thomson made the trolley problem famous. Now many schools teach the trolley problem. For a time, there was even a part of philosophy called trolleyology. Jarvis Thomson named the problem "the trolley problem." The trolley problem does not have a right or wrong answer. Instead, it is a way to make people think and talk about what makes actions good or bad and why. How it works. The agent ("you") is on a trolley, a fast-moving cart that can only run on a track. It is not an automobile that can be driven off the edge of a road. It must stay on a track. Ahead of the agent, five people are standing on the track, where the trolley will run over them and kill them. The agent has no way to stop the trolley. The only thing the agent can do is throw a switch to make the trolley change onto a different track. On this second track, there is one person. None of the six people have time to move out of the way. In Jarvis Thomson's version, the person controlling the trolley switch is not on the trolley. Instead, this agent is watching from the side. This person can throw the switch but they can also choose to do nothing. If the agent does nothing, the trolley will kill five people. If the agent throws the switch, the trolley will kill one person. Variations. There are different versions of the trolley problem. What if the agent knows something about the individual people on the track? Emergency room case. The agent is a doctor working in an emergency room. A homeless person or traveler comes to the emergency room, but the doctor learns he is not sick at all. Upstairs in the hospital, there are five sick people who need organ transplants. The homeless person is a perfect match for all five. Like in
Gao Wenbin () (December 1921/1922 – 7 September 2020) was a Chinese historian, translator, university professor and jurist. He was the last surviving member of the Chinese delegation which represented the Republic of China at the Tokyo Trial. He was born in Yueyang, Hunan.  In 1952, he was arrested by one of the teachers of the Soochow University Law School terming him as a "special suspect" and was sentenced to a minimum of ten years of labour reform.  He joined the China Democratic League in 1985. He had lectures at the University of Maine School of Law and at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. He also taught maritime law and international law at the Shanghai Maritime University. Gao died on 7 September 2020 at a hospital in Shanghai from a long-illness, aged 99.
A shibboleth () was originally a single word which distinguished one group from another. Rather more widely, it is any custom or tradition that distinguishes one group of people from another. Shibboleths have been used throughout history in many societies as passwords. They are simple ways of self-identification: they signal loyalty and affinity. Origin. The term comes from the Hebrew word "shibbólet" (), which means the part of a plant containing grain, such as the head of a stalk of wheat or rye.  The modern use comes from an account in the Hebrew Bible. How this word was pronounced was used to distinguish friend from foe. In the Book of Judges, chapter 12, the inhabitants of Gilead inflicted a military defeat on the invading tribe of Ephraim (around 1370–1070 BC). The surviving Ephraimites tried to cross the River Jordan to their home territory, but the Gileadites secured the river's fords to stop them.  To identify and kill the Ephraimites, the Gileadites told each suspected survivor to say the word "shibboleth" (with voiceless postalveolar fricative). The Ephraimite dialect resulted in a pronunciation that, to Gileadites, sounded like "sibboleth". In the King James Bible:  The concept of a shibboleth is still with us. It is any word, phrase, jargon or pronunciation which identifies a person as a member of a particular group.
Landscape urbanism is a new theory in the field of urban and regional planning that first appeared in the late 20th century claiming that the best way to organize cities is through the landscape design of the city rather than the design of its buildings. The phrase urban landscape first appeared in the mid-1990s. Since then this phrase has received many different uses but is most often cited as a post-modernist response to the failures of "New Urbanism". In 2008 the first Biennale in the world of "Landscape Urbanism" was held in the city of Bat-Yam in Israel which dealt with New Urbanism.
The "FC Asian Cup, commonly known as the Asian Cup"', is the main association football competition played by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It has been held every four years since 1956, in the even-numbered year between FIFA World Cup tournaments until 2004, and in the year after FIFA World Cup tournaments since 2007.
Hassan Ali Maatouk (born 10 August 1987) is an Lebanese footballer. He plays for Ansar and the Lebanon national team as a forward. He is the player with the most goals and appearances for his national team. Honours. Ahed Nejmeh Ansar Individual Records
Marco Antonio Juan Andrés Cariola Barroilhet (2 November 1932 – 6 September 2020) was a Chilean lawyer, farmer and politician. He was born in Viña del Mar, Chile. Cariola was a member of the Independent Democratic Union. From 1998 to 2006, he was a member of the Senate. Cariola died on 6 September 2020 in Santiago de Chile at the age of 87.
Paul Chittilapilly (27 February 1934 – 6 September 2020) was an Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic prelate. He was bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1961. He was bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kalyan, India, from 1988 to 1996 and as bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thamarassery, India, from 1996 to 2010. Chittilapilly died on 6 September 2020, aged 86.
Tom Jernstedt (November 24, 1944 – September 6, 2020) was an American basketball administrator. He worked for the NCAA from 1972 until 2010. He was honored into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor in 2010 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2017. He was born in McMinnville, Oregon. Jernstedt died on September 6, 2020 from a heart attack in Tequesta, Florida, aged 75.
Chen Dingchang (; January 1937 – 7 September 2020) was a Chinese scientist. His work focused in aerospace engineering. Chen was born in Shanghai. He worked at the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation. Chen developed China's first laser radar. In 2009, he became a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chen died on 7 September 2020 in Beijing, aged 83.
Sir Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones (31 December 1952 – 6 September 2020) was a New Zealand mathematician. He was known for his work on von Neumann algebras and knot polynomials. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1990. He was born in Gisborne, New Zealand. Jones died on 6 September 2020 from problems caused by an ear infection at the age of 67.
Gene A. Budig (May 25, 1939September 8, 2020) was an American baseball executive. He was the last president of the American League (AL), from 1994 to 1999. He was born in McCook, Nebraska. Budig went on to become part-owner of a minor league baseball team. He was also President of Illinois State University between 1973 to 1977, West Virginia University between 1977 to 1981 and University of Kansas between 1980 to 1994. Budig died on September 8, 2020 in Charleston, South Carolina from liver disease at the age of 81.
Sir Ronald Harwood, (born Ronald Horwitz; 9 November 1934 – 8 September 2020) was a South African-born British author, playwright and screenwriter. He was known for his screenplays "The Dresser" and "The Pianist". He won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also wrote the screenplay for "The Diving Bell and the Butterfly" (2007). Harwood died at his home in Sussex on 8 September 2020, at age 85.
Claude Peretti (24 February 1942 – 8 September 2020) was a French footballer. He played as a Right midfielder. He won the 1963 Coupe de France with AS Monaco FC. He was born in Nice, France. He then played for Olympique de Marseille before returning to Monaco for a brief time in 1964. In 1965, he joined AC Ajaccio, which won the Ligue 2 championship in 1967. He retired in 1970. Peretti died on 8 September 2020 at the age of 78.
The Pianist is a 2002 war biographical drama movie produced and directed by Roman Polanski. The script was written by Ronald Harwood. It starred Adrien Brody.  It is based on the autobiographical book "The Pianist" (1946), a Holocaust memoir by the Polish-Jewish pianist and composer Władysław Szpilman, a Holocaust survivor.  "The Pianist" was released on 24 May 2002 at the Cannes Film Festival to strong positive critical reviews. It was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.  The movie won many Academy Awards such as for Best Director (Polanski), Best Adapted Screenplay (Harwood), and Best Actor (Brody), and was nominated for four others, including Best Picture.
Wilhelm Adalbert Hosenfeld (; 2 May 1895 – 13 August 1952) was a German Army officer who by the end of the Second World War was promoted to "Hauptmann" (Captain).  He helped to hide or rescue several Polish people, including Jews, in Nazi-German occupied Poland, and helped Polish-Jewish pianist and composer Władysław Szpilman to survive, hidden, in the ruins of Warsaw during the last months of 1944. In October 2007, Hosenfeld was honored by the president of Poland Lech Kaczyński with a Commander’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
The United States Federal Witness Protection Program (WPP), also known as the Witness Security Program or WITSEC, is a witness protection program. It is operated by the United States Marshals Service. It was created to protect threatened witnesses before, during, and after a trial. A few states, including California, Connecticut, Illinois, New York, Texas, and Washington D.C. have their own witness protection programs for crimes not covered by the federal program.  The state-run programs have less protections than the federal program.
Silver Apples were an American electronic rock group from New York between 1967 and 1970.  Background. It was made-up of Simeon (born Simeon Oliver Coxe III; June 4, 1938 – September 8, 2020), who performed on a synthesizer, drummer Danny Taylor.  The duo were among the first to use electronic music techniques outside of academia.
Arnulfo Palma Fuentebella (October 29, 1945 – September 9, 2020) was a Filipino politician. He was the Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives from 2000 to 2001. He was also a representative of House of Representatives between 1992 to 2001, 2004 to 2019. Fueneblla was born in Goa, Camarines Sur. Fuentebella died of heart failure on September 9, 2020 in San Fernando, Pampanga at the age of 74.
Jakob Oetama (27 September 1931 – 9 September 2020) was an Indonesian journalist. He was the co-founder and owner of Kompas Gramedia Group. He also created "Kompas Daily" in 1965, one of the leading newspapers of Indonesia. Oetama was born in Central Java. Oetama died on 9 September 2020 in Jakarta at the age of 88.
The Palme d'Or (; ) is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival. It was created in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee.  The Palme d'Or is widely seen to be one of the most well known awards in the movie industry.
Bless This House is a British comedy series that first aired on British TV on the 2nd February, 1971 and ran for six series or seasons with its final episode airing on 22nd April, 1976. It ended after the death of its main star, "Sidney James." A film sequel was made in 1972 with the same title. The Story. The programme centres on life in Birch Avenue, Putney, London, where stationery salesman Sid Abbott (Sidney James) and his wife Jean (Diana Coupland) live with their teenage children. Mike, the son, played by Robin Stewart, is fresh from art college and is more pre-occupied with protests than finding a job. The daughter, Sally, played by Sally Geeson, who is younger than Mike, is trendy and her parents are continually worried about her relationships with 'boys'. Sid and Jean constantly battle to comprehend the new generation's permissive ways and are usually out-of-touch. Their neighbours and best friends are Trevor (Anthony Jackson) and his wife Betty (Patsy Rowlands).
Patriarch Filaret (secular name "Mykhailo Antonovych Denysenko", born 23 January 1929) is the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate. He has been the patriarch since 2019. Before, he was the patriarch between 1995 to 2018. He was the honorary Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine from 2018 to 2019, and the former Metropolitan of Kyiv of the Russian Orthodox Church between 1966 to 1992. He was defrocked and in 1997 excommunicated by the ROC.  In March 2020, during a television interview, Filaret called the coronavirus pandemic a "divine punishment" for same-sex marriage.  On 8 September 2020, Filaret tested positive for COVID-19 and pneumonia.
Ralph D. Gants (1954 – September 14, 2020) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. He was nominated by Governor Deval Patrick and sworn in on July 28, 2014. He became a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court in 2009. He was born in New Rochelle, New York. On September 4, 2020 Gants was hospitalized after having a heart attack. He died on September 14 at the age of 66.