ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Murmansk (Russian: Му́рманск) is a port city in northwestern Russia. It is located within the Murmansk Oblast. As of 2019, the city has a population of 292,465 people. History. The first Murmansk settlement was founded in 1915. It was founded during World War I so Russia's allies could send supplies to a port that wasn't blocked by ice as Archangelsk and Saint Petersburg were. The location soon had a naval base and port. The settlement became an official city in 1916, and was named Romanov-on-Murman (Russian: Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане, Romanov-na-Murmane). The city was given it's current name on 16 April 1917. From 1918 to 1920, during the Russian Civil War, the city was occupied by the White army and the Triple Entente. During World War II, the city was an important link to the Western world for the Soviet Union. They traded supplies during the war. In 1941, the German and Finnish forces launched Operation Silver Fox with the goal of capturing Murmansk. The Soviets defeated the invaders, but Murmansk suffered a lot of destruction. Murmansk is headquarters of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. During the Cold War it was a center for Soviet submarine activity. In 1974, a large 36 meter (118 feet) tall monument was built in the city. It is called the Alyosha Monument. It was built in remembrance of all who fought for Murmansk in World War II. On 6 May 1985, Murmansk was formally called a Hero City (which is a title awarded to cities in the Soviet Union that performed outstanding heroism during WW2). The Arctic Hotel opened in 1984, and became the tallest building above the Arctic Circle. Economy. The main industries in Murmansk are fishing, sea transport, rail and road transportation, marine geology, etc. Demographics. The city's population has been shrinking since 1992. At it's peak,
The Old Synagogue (German:"Alte Synagoge") in Erfurt, in central Germany, is one of the best preserved medieval synagogues in Europe. The oldest parts were built in the late 11th century. Most parts of the building are from around 1250 to 1320. In 2015 it was proposed as a World Heritage Site.  It has been a museum of local Jewish history since 2009. The Erfurt Treasure is kept there. This is a collection of medieval coins, jewellery and metalwork found in 1998. The museum also has copies of the Erfurt Hebrew Manuscripts. This is a collection of rare religious manuscripts that belonged to the Jewish community of Erfurt in the middle ages. History and preservation. The oldest parts of the building date from 1094. About 1270 a larger synagogue, which included parts of the older building, was built. The western wall of the building dates from this time. It has its six original windows. Another storey was added in the early 1300s. In 1349, many people died from the Black Death disease. People said it was the fault of the Jews. The Jews were murdered and made to leave the city. This pogrom is known as the Erfurt Massacre. The synagogue was damaged and Erfurt City Council took control of the building. They later sold it to a local business man. He used it as a warehouse and made changes to the interior, including building a cellar. For the next 500 years it was used for storing goods.  From the 19th century, the building was used as a ballroom, a restaurant and even a bowling alley. These changes meant that the Old Synagogue was mostly forgotten about. Its history was not recognised, which helped to protect it during the Nazi period. In the late 1980s there was renewed interest in the old building. The architectural historian Elmar Altwasser began to research it in 1992. Erfurt City Council bought the property in 1998 and researched and conserved it. All stages of the building's history were conserved, not just its use as a Synagogue. In
Color rendering index (CRI) is a number rating given to light bulbs or lamps for how "right" they make colors look. This number is usually written on the side of the light bulb's box. The CRI number can be as high as 100, or as low as zero; and sometimes it can go under zero. A high CRI number is good; it means colors will look right and real. A low CRI number is bad; it means colors will look wrong and weird. However, there is a limit to what a CRI number can say. A good CRI number can guarantee correct colors only when the light itself is white. This is because of limits on how scientists test them. Candles and incandescent light bulbs have CRI 100 but they are not white, so we cannot rely on them to make stuff show real colors. The CRI number of daylight at noon is 100, because this is the natural way people see colors. Good fluorescent tubes or LED lamps have a CRI 80 or more. Anything white with a CRI 80 or more is good enough for homes. The orange sodium vapor lamp has CRI lower than 0, so they are only used as streetlamps.
The Kataragamam temple (, ) complex dedicated to Skanda-Kumara is one of the few religious sites in Sri Lanka that is venerated by the majority Sinhala Buddhists, Hindu minority Sri Lankan Tamil people, Sri Lankan Moors and the Vedda people. It is a collection of modest shrines, of which the one dedicated to Skanda-Kumara, is the most important. It has been considered hallowed ground since almost three hundred years before the birth of Christ, and is one of the sixteen places said to have been consecrated by Gautama Buddha as he meditated. It was built approximately between 1100 - 15th century  Legend has it that this happened during the Buddha's third visit to Sri Lanka, during the reign of the provincial King Mahasena in the sixth century BC. Kataragama is sacred to Lord Murugan, also familiarly known as Kartikeya. Lord Muruga has many shrines and places of worship. Among them are Alaivai, now known as Tiruchendur, a shrine on the southern coast of India about 36 miles from Tinnevelly; Avinankudi, now called as Palani Malai (Palani Hills), about the same distance from Dindigul; and Tiru-Erakam, now known as Swamimalai, a hill about four miles from Kumbakonam. Three of the shrines are situated amid mountains and forests, the deity is known as the God of the mountaneous regions. Muruga is worshipped as a deity whom embodies the pure Hindu ideal of God being in all things and manifesting himself wherever he is called to with love.There are many stories about Murugan, or Skanda-Kumara as He is more commonly known there. Skanda-Kumara's place of worship is held dear by many Sri Lankans who consider the Kataragama complex and its temples holy and make annual pilgrimages there. But perhaps the most unique feature of Kataragama, and what makes it really stand out is its relative unassumingness. Almost all its shrines are unremarkable minor buildings free
A (, ) was a public official in Ancient Rome. A quaestor did different jobs at different times in Roman history. In the Roman Kingdom, quaestors were appointed by the king to investigate murders. In the Roman Republic, quaestors supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. It was the lowest ranking position in the public service. Because of this many people wanting to become politicians became quaestors as a first step in their career. In the Roman Empire, quaestors were at first relaced by the "" (prefect). Later quaestors became a position appointed by the emperor to lead the imperial council and deal with petitioners. In modern Italy and Romania, a quaestor is a senior ranking officer on the police force. In some organizations, a quaestor is in charge of the finances, similar to a treasurer in other organizations.
Moscow Oblast (Russian: Моско́вская о́бласть, "Moskovskaya oblast") is a federal subject of Russia. It is located in western Russia, and it completely surrounds Moscow. The oblast has no capital, and oblast officials reside in Moscow or in other cities within the oblast. As of 2015, the oblast has a population of 7,231,068 people. Balashikha is the biggest city in the oblast, with a population of 215,494 people in 2010. Geography. The oblast is located in the central part of the East European Plain. The largest rivers are Oka, Moskva and Klyazma. History. In 1708 Moscow governorate became one of the 8 first ones in Russia. In 1929 was established Central Industrial Oblast, in little time renamed in Moscow Oblast. The Battle of Moscow was fought in the oblast. Demographics. According to the 2010 census, the ethnic composition is: Below is the religious composition of the city: The largest cities are:
A water taxi (or called a water bus or sightseeing boat), is a watercraft used to provide public or private transport in an urban area. A water taxi might make multiple stops, similar to a bus, or to on-demand locations, similar to a taxi. A boat service going between two points would normally be called a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi. Locations. Water buses and water taxis are used in the following locations:
Daniil Alexandrovich Granin () (1 January 1919 – 4 July 2017), original family name German (), was an author born in the former Soviet Union. Granin started writing in the 1930s. Granin served as a board member of the Leningrad Union of Writers, and he was a winner of many medals and honors including the State Prize for Literature in 1978 and Hero of Socialist Labor 1989.
Chris Roberts (Christian Klusáček; March 13, 1946 – July 2, 2017) was a German Schlager singer and actor. He was married to the singer and actress Claudia Roberts. They often performed on stage together. He was born in Munich. Roberts represented Luxembourg as a part of a sextet in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 in which they sang "Children, Kinder, Enfants". They got 37 points and came 13th place overall. The first two singles "Baby's gone" and "Welchen Weg soll ich gehen (One more mountain to climb)" were released with his artist name Chris Robert. Roberts died in Berlin of pancreatic cancer on July 2, 2017 at the age of 71.
John Aldridge "Jack" Collom (November 8, 1931 – July 2, 2017) was an American poet, essayist, and pedagogue. His twenty-five books include "Red Car Goes By: Selected Poems 1955-2000," "Situation Sings" (with Lyn Hejinian), and "Second Nature", which won the 2013 Colorado Book Award for Poetry.  In the field of education and pedagogy, he made unique contributions in the subjects of eco-literature, ecopoetics, and creative writing instruction for children. Collon died in Boulder, Colorado from respiratory failure caused by lung cancer on July 2, 2017, aged 85.
Adriano Galliani (born 30 July 1944) is an Italian entrepreneur and football executive. He served as Deputy vice-chairman and CEO of AC Milan since 1986. During his tenure, Milan have won five European Cup / UEFA Champions League and eight Serie A titles among other achievements. In 2011, Galliani was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.
Amala Shankar (; 27 June 1919 – July 24, 2020) was an Indian ballerina, actress and artist. She is the wife of Uday Shankar and mother of Ananda Shankar and Mamata Shankar and sister-in-law of Ravi Shankar. Shankar acted in the movie Kalpana directed by Uday Shankar. Shankar acted in the movie "Kalpana" (1948). The movie was directed by Uday Shankar. Amala played the character of Uma. Amala Shankar attended 2012 Cannes Film Festival where the movie was screened. Shankar died in Kolkata on July 24, 2020 at the age of 101.
West Ruislip is a station located on Ickenham Road between Ickenham and Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon in Greater London formerly in Middlesex; it is served by both London Underground (LU) and National Rail trains on independent platforms. It is the western terminus of the LU Central line's West Ruislip branch, with Ruislip Gardens as the next Underground station towards central London. The Central line and Chiltern Railways platforms and ticket office hall are managed by LU. The closest station on the Metropolitan line and Piccadilly line is Ickenham which is 1.1 km from West Ruislip Station. The station today. West Ruislip station is aligned approximately east-west with the main station buildings on the road overbridge across the lines at the western end of the station. The station has four platforms; two each for London Underground and National Rail services. The London Underground tracks are south of the National Rail ones and operate from an island platform whilst the National Rail platforms are outside of their tracks. The National Rail platforms are also served by a separate station building north of the tracks and adjacent to the car park. In a legacy of the original scheme to continue the extension to Denham, the Central line tracks continue for a short distance beyond the station before ending at buffers. The intended alignment of the unbuilt tracks can be seen from the width of the unused railway land south of the existing tracks. The Central line's Ruislip depot is east of West Ruislip station, and has a connection via a shunting neck to the Network Rail westbound track west of the station to allow rolling stock and material deliveries. The depot also has a connection to the Uxbridge branch tracks of the Metropolitan and Piccadilly Lines which pass under the Central line east of West Ruislip; it is used only for empty stock movements and works train access. Two sidings west of the station to the north of the running lines provide layover facilities for works trains. There are ticket barriers at the main entrance to the station; these control access to the Central line platforms from the public highway and from the pedestrian walkway linking the car park to the station. The Chiltern platforms can be reached from the car park walkway without tickets, as no ticket barriers are installed to control access
Local elections in Latvia were held on 3 June 2017. All 119 municipal councils of the country took part in the elections. Election system. A number of deputies in the council depends on the amount of population in the territory: the bigger the population in the territory is, the more deputies work in the council. The number of deputies can be 9, 13, 15, 17 or 19. The only exclusion is the council of Riga, which is the capital of Latvia. Riga is by far bigger than any other city of Latvia, so its municipal council consists of 60 deputies. Citizens of Latvia and other countries of the European Union who are over 18 years old have the right to vote in the local elections. In order to vote citizens of other EU countries have to register in the Population Register of Latvia at least 90 days before the election date. Voters take part in the local elections in the territory where they live or where they have real estate. Registration of voters is automatic. People are automatically registered for the local elections on a certain polling station according to the place where they live. However, no later than 18 days before the elections people can change their polling station to any other polling station in the territories where they live or have real estate. On the election day polling stations work from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Three days prior to the election date early voting is possible: polling stations are usually opened for several hours during these days. Campaign. 599 lists of candidates were registered to participate in the local elections throughout the country. The number of candidates willing to become deputies was 8945. 465 lists were nominated by political parties individually, 31 lists by coalitions of political parties and 103 lists by unions of voters. 77.46% of all candidates were ethnic Latvians, 3.90% ethnic Russians, 0.48% ethnic Poles, 1.37% all others. 16.99% of candidates refused to state their ethnic identity. 11.6% of all voters, which equals 167 thousand people, took part in the early voting from 31 May to 2 June.
The ME postcode area, also known as the Rochester postcode area, is a group of twenty postcode districts around Medway in Kent, England, the letters in the postcode are derived from. The area is divided into eleven post towns and extends into the districts of Tonbridge and Malling, Swale, Gravesham and Maidstone, as well as all of Medway. Coverage. Table showing postcode districts: ! ME1 ! ME2 ! ME3 ! ME4 ! ME5 ! ME6 ! ME7 ! ME8 ! ME9 ! ME10 ! ME11 ! ME12 ! ME13 ! ME14 ! ME15 ! ME16 ! ME17 ! ME18 ! ME19 ! ME20 ! ME99
The United Kingdom is divided by Royal Mail into postcode areas. The postcode area is the largest geographical unit used and forms the first characters of the alphanumeric UK postcode. Subdivision. Each postcode area is divided into post towns and postcode districts. The London post town is instead divided into several postcode areas. Scope. The single or pair of letters chosen for postcode areas are generally a mnemonic for the places served. Crown dependencies. The Crown dependencies (which are not part of the United Kingdom) did not introduce postcodes until later, but use a similar coding scheme. They are separate postal authorities. Defunct postcode areas. Glasgow. Glasgow, like London, was divided into compass districts: C, W, NW, N, E, SE, S, SW. When postcodes were introduced, these were mapped into the new "G" postcode: C1 became G1, W1 became G11, N1 became G21, E1 became G31, S1 became G41, SW1 became G51, and so on. As NW and SE had never been subdivided they became G20 and G40 respectively. Norwich and Croydon. Norwich and Croydon were used for a postcode experiment in the late 1960s, which was replaced by the current system. The format was of the form NOR or CRO followed by two numbers and a letter, e.g. NOR 07A. Non-geographic postcodes. GIR. GIR 0AA is a postcode created for Girobank in Bootle. BF. The BF postcode area was introduced in 2012 to provide optional postcodes for British Forces Post Office addresses, for consistency with the layout of other UK addresses. It uses the national non-geographic post town "BFPO" and, as of 2012, the postcode district "BF1". BX. The non-geographic postcode area BX has been introduced for addresses which do not include a locality: this allows large organisations flexibility as to where they receive their mail. Overseas territories. Certain British overseas territories have postcodes: These were introduced to prevent mail being sent to the wrong place, e.g., for St Helena to St Helens, Merseyside and
Rudy Rotta (14 October 1950 – 3 July 2017) was an Italian blues guitarist. Rotta was born in Villadossola, Italy, but was raised in Lucerne, Switzerland where his family emigrated. He began his career in Switzerland at the age of 14, but eventually returned to Verona.  Over his career, he played with a number of well-known blues artists including Brian Auger, John Mayall, Robben Ford and Peter Green.  Rotta died on 3 July 2017 in Verona from pancreatic cancer, aged 66.
Donald Eugene "Gene" Conley (November 10, 1930 – July 4, 2017) was a Major League Baseball pitcher and basketball player of the NBA. He was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Conley played 11 seasons from 1952 to 1963 for four different teams. Conley also played forward in the 1952–53 NBA season and from 1958 to 1964 for two teams in the National Basketball Association.  He was best known for being one of only two people (the other being Otto Graham–1946 NBL and AAFC Championship, plus three more AAFC and three NFL championships) to win championships in two of the four major American sports, one with the Milwaukee Braves in the 1957 World Series and three Boston Celtics championships from 1959–61. Conley died in Foxborough, Massachusetts on July 4, 2017 at the age of 86.
Joachim Meisner (25 December 1933 – 5 July 2017) was a German Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was born in Breslau, Germany (modern Wrocław, Poland). Meisner was the immediate past Archbishop of Cologne, serving from 1989 until his resignation was accepted by Pope Francis in 2014. He previously served as Bishop of Berlin from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983. He was widely considered to be Germany's leading conservative Roman Catholic figure. Meisner died on 5 July 2017 while vacationing in Bad Füssing in Bavaria of cardiac arrest, aged 83.
Jens Christian Skou (; October 8, 1918 – May 28, 2018) was a Danish medical doctor and Nobel laureate. He was born in Lemvig, Denmark. In 1997, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (together with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker) for his discovery of Na+,K+-ATPase. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993. Skou died on 28 May 2018 in Aarhus, Denmark at the age of 99, five months short of his 100th birthday.
Strood railway station is a railway station in Strood in Kent. The station is on the North Kent Line. Services. Services at Strood are run by Southeastern and Thameslink, They use , , , and EMUs. The off-peak service is: Some trains go to and from London Charing Cross via , Some trains go to London St Pancras International and Maidstone West via Strood. Some trains also go to .
Rochester railway station is a railway station in Rochester in Kent. The station is on the Chatham Main Line. Services. Train services at Rochester are run by Southeastern and Thameslink, They use , , , and EMUs. The off-peak service is: Some trains go to and from London Charing Cross via , Some trains run as "fast trains" and they go to and from London Cannon Street at peak hours.
Chatham railway station is a railway station in Chatham in Kent. The station is a 10 to 15 minute walk to/from the Pentagon Shopping Centre and the high street. Services. Train services at Chatham are run by Southeastern and Thameslink, They use , , , and EMUs. The off-peak service is: Some trains to and from London Charing Cross via , Some fast trains go to and from London Cannon Street at peak hours.
John R. Rodriguez (February 12, 1937 – July 5, 2017) was a Guyanaese-born Canadian politician. He was born in Georgetown, Guyana. He served as the mayor of Greater Sudbury, Ontario from 2006 to 2010, and previously represented the electoral district of Nickel Belt in the Canadian House of Commons from 1972 to 1980 and from 1984 to 1993 as a member of the New Democratic Party. Rodriguez died on July 5, 2017 in Greater Sudbury, Ontario of heart failure at the age of 80.
Choi Eun-hee (November 20, 1926 – April 16, 2018) was a South Korean actress. She began her movie career in 1947 in the movie "A New Oath". For the next 20 years, she was one of the biggest stars in Korean movies and led the Shin Film company along with her husband, the director Shin Sang-ok. She was born in Gwangju, Gyeonggi. Career. According to the Internet Movie Database, from 1955 to 1985, Choi appeared in eighty-one movies. She received the award for best actress at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival in 1985, for her part in the movie "Sogum". Personal life. In 1978, Choi and Shin, whom she had recently divorced due to Shin having committed adultery, were kidnapped in Hong Kong to North Korea by order of Kim Jong-il. Kim's plan was to have Shin work as his propagandist and for Choi to be the star. Shortly after agreeing to the demands of Kim, they were remarried at his recommendation. The couple finally staged their escape in 1986 while on a trip to Vienna, fleeing to the United States embassy and requesting political asylum. Choi died on April 16, 2018 in Seoul, South Korea of kidney failure at the age of 91.
The 2019 Africa Cup of Nations (also called AFCON 2019 and CAN 2019) was the 32nd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations tournament. The tournament to be hosted by Cameroon, but on January 9th CAF changed the host. Egypt was the host of this tournament. It was held from 21 June to 19 July 2019. Teams. Because they withdrew from the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification, Chad is banned from the tournament. Qualified teams. The following teams qualified for the tournament: Group stage. The draw took place on the 19th of October 2016 in Libreville.
Group D of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament is one of 12 groups to decide what team will qualify to play in the final tournament. The group includes four teams: Algeria, Benin, Gambia and Togo. Standings. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;