ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Lego Ninjago is a line of sets (video games, television series, and toys) produced by Lego. It is based on the sets of six Ninja: Lloyd, Kai, Jay, Nya, Zane, and Cole, and many other characters from the television series.  Television series. The television series is about all characters in the land of Ninjago. The television series first aired in 2011. It was a major success and airs on Cartoon Network The animated television series is based on The Ninja (Lloyd, Kai, Jay, Zane, Nya and Cole) fighting with a number of villains with various motivations. Toys. There are many toys of Lego Ninjago which all are based on the characters. The toys are Lego Ninjago's first success, and have been successful since when the show first aired to when it ended in October 2022. Video games. Lego Ninjago video games are usually based on the television series. Lego Ninjago games are produced by Lego System A/S. Most Lego Ninjago video games are placed in Google Play.
Ceratonia is small genus of flowering trees in the pea family, Fabaceae, endemic to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Its best known member, the carob tree, is cultivated for its fruits (called s) and has been widely introduced to regions with similar climates. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus was created by Carl Linnaeus and published in "Species Plantarum" 2: 1026 en 1753. The type specimen is "Ceratonia siliqua". The genus was long considered monotypic (with only one species), but a second species, "Ceratonia oreothauma", was identified in 1979 from Oman and Somalia. Images. Some photos of "Ceratonia siliqua" (the carob tree):
The carob is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. Its scientific name is "Ceratonia siliqua" L. It is widely grown for its edible s, and as an ornamental tree in gardens. The ripe, dried pod is often ground to carob powder, which is used to replace cocoa powder. Carob bars, an alternative to chocolate bars, are often available in health-food stores. Names. The tree is known in English as carob tree, St John's-bread or locust bean (not to be confused with the African locust bean). The word carob, used commonly for the fruit, comes from Middle French "carobe" (modern ), which borrowed it from Arabic ("kharrūb", "locust bean pod"). Common names in some other languages are: "Ceratonia siliqua", the scientific name of the carob tree given by Carolus Linnaeus to this plant, comes from the Greek "kerátiοn" κεράτιον 'fruit of the carob (from "keras" κέρας 'horn'), and Latin "siliqua" ", carob". The carat, a unit of mass for gemstones, and of purity for gold, takes its name, indirectly, from the Greek word for a carob seed, "kerátion". Description. The carob tree grows up to tall. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and semispherical, supported by a thick trunk with brown rough bark and solid and firm branches. Leaves are long, alternate and compound. Most carob trees are dioecious (with separate male an female plants) but some are hermaphrodite. The male trees do not produce fruit. The trees blossom in autumn. The flowers are small and in an inflorescence axis in racemes like catkins; the pollination is by both wind and insects. The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod). The pods take a full year to develop and ripen. The sweet ripe pods eventually fall to the ground and are eaten by various mammals
The IX Araucanía Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. Its capital and largest city is Temuco. The "Auracanía" means "place where the "Araucanians" live". Araucanian () was the name given by the Spanish to the Mapuche people that live in the region. Geography. The Araucanía region has an area of . It borders the Bío Bío region (Bío Bío and Arauco provinces), to the north, Argentina to the east, the Los Ríos region to the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The two main rivers in the region are the Imperial and the Toltén rivers. The highest mountain in the region is the "Lanín" volcano (), , on the border with Argentina (Neuquén Province); it is . Population. The Auracanía had a population of 869,535 inhabitants (2002 census) and its population density was . The largest city in the region is its capital, Temuco, with 227,086 inhabitants (2002 census). The other provincial capital, Angol had 43,801 inhabitants. Administration. The Auracanía region is further subdivided into two provinces: Cautín and Malleco.
The XIV Los Ríos Region (, "Region of the Rivers") is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. Its capital and largest city is Valdivia. It began to operate as a region on 2007, having been created by subdividing the Los Lagos Region in southern Chile. It consists of two provinces: Valdivia and the new El Ranco province, that was part of the Valdivia province. Geography. The Los Ríos region has an area of . It borders the La Araucanía region to the north, Argentina to the east, the Los Lagos region to the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The two main rivers in the region are the Valdivia river, in the northern part of the region, and the Bueno river, in the southern part of the region. The highest mountain in the region is the Villarrica volcano () (), high, near the border with Argentina. Population. The Los Ríos had a population of 356,396 inhabitants (2002 census) and its population density was . The largest city in the region is its capital, Valdivia, with 127,750 inhabitants (2002 census). The other provincial capital, La Unión had 25,615 inhabitants. Administration. The Los Ríos region is further subdivided into two provinces: Valdivia and El Ranco.
The X Los Lagos Region () is one of the fifteen regions of Chile. It has four provinces. The capital city of the region is Puerto Montt. Other towns are Puerto Varas, Ancud and Frutillar.
The VII Maule Region () is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. Its capital is Talca. The region is named after its main river: the Maule river. History. The city of Talca was founded in 1692 by General Governor Tomás Marín de Poveda. On 17 February 1742 it got the name of "Villa San Agustín de Talca" by Governor José Antonio Manso de Velasco. Curicó followed in 1743, Linares and Parral in 1794. In Talca is the house where Bernardo O'Higgins signed the proclamation of the independence of Chile on 12 February 1818. It is now a museum. Geography. The Maule region borders the Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins region to the north, Argentina to the east, the Ñuble region to the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The two main rivers in the region are the Maule and the Mataquito rivers. Population. , there were (estimated) 1,042,989 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km². People from this region are known as "Maulinos" (women: "Maulinas"). The largest city in the region is Talca, with 189,505 inhabitants (2002 census). Administration. The Maule region is further subdivided into four provinces: Talca, Curicó, Linares and Cauquenes.
Hurricane Earl was a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico in August 2016. The storm struck Belize and Mexico with winds of around 80 mph. The storm caused 13 deaths in the Dominican Republic. More than fifty other deaths took place, mostly in Mexico. Damage totaled over $115 million.
Kerckhoffs's principle (axiom, or law) is an idea in cryptography. It was stated by Dutch cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century. It is: "A cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge". Kerckhoffs's principle was more briefly stated by American mathematician Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system", that is, "one ought to design systems under the assumption that the enemy will immediately gain full familiarity with them". In that form, it is called Shannon's maxim. It is opposite to the idea of "security through obscurity". More details. Some are no longer relevant given the ability of computers to perform complex encryption. The second axiom, Kerckhoffs's principle, is still vitally important.
The Charleville muskets were .69 caliber French smoothbore flintlock muskets used in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Charleville was used during the American Revolutionary War by the Americans and was later copied and manufactured in the US as the Springfield Model 1795 Musket. History. About 1630, Frenchman Marin le Bourgeoys (c.1550–1634) created the first "true" flintlock, also called the "French lock". Bourgeoys was in the service of King Louis XIII of France for whom he created the flintlock mechanism. Throughout the 17th century, flintlock muskets were produced in a wide variety of models. In 1717, the original "Charleville" flintlock musket was made for the French military. This became the first standard flintlock musket to be issued to all troops. While it is more correctly called a French infantry musket or a French pattern musket, these muskets later became known as "Charleville muskets". They were named after the armory in Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes, France. The standard French infantry musket was also produced at Tulle, St. Etienne, Maubeuge Arsenal, and other sites. While technically not the correct name for these muskets, the use of the name Charleville dates back to the U.S. Revolutionary War, when Americans tended to refer to all of the musket models as Charlevilles. It should be noted that the naming of these muskets is not consistent. Some references only refer to Model 1763 and later versions as Charleville flint lock muskets, while other references refer to all models as the Charleville. The Charleville musket's design was refined several times during its service life. Later models of Charleville muskets remained in service until 1840. This was when percussion lock systems made the flintlock mechanism obsolete. Design features. Charleville muskets had a smoothbore barrel. Rifles were more accurate than muskets because of
"Not to be confused with Kerckhoffs's principle." There are several Kirchhoff's laws, all named after Gustav Kirchhoff:
There are 5 arrondissements in the Charente-Maritime department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The 5 arrondissements of Charente-Maritime are: History. Since its creation, the Charente-Maritime department has had some changes:
The arrondissement of Jonzac is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Jonzac. History. When the Charente-Maritime department was created on 1790, Jonzac was not one of the original districts but soon, in 1800, it was made one of the "arrondissement"s of the department with the territories of the Monlieu and Pons districts. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Jonzac has an area of , and a population of 56,973 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km². Jonzac is the southernmost "arrondissement" of the department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Saintes, to the east by the Charente department and to the southeast and east by the Gironde department. To the northwest of the department is the southern part the Gironde estuary, the largest estuary of France. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Jonzac, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": the Thénac canton. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Jonzac has 129 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
"This article is about the Atacama Region; for the desert, see Atacama Desert." The Atacama Region Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. The southern portion of the Atacama Desert is in the region; the rest of the desert is in the other regions to the north ("Norte Grande" natural region). The capital of the region is the city of Copiapó; it is at north of Santiago, the capital of country. History. From 1843, Atacama was a province of Chile but in 1974, with the creation of the Regions of Chile, it became one of those regions. Geography. The Atacama region borders the Tarapacá region to the north, Argentina (provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja and San Juan), on the east, the Coquimbo region on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The highest mountains of the region are: Nevados Ojos del Salado, high, and Nevado Tres Cruces, high; they are in the Andes, in the border with Argentina. Population. , there were (estimated) 312,486 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city in the region is its capital, Copiapó, with 125,983 inhabitants (2002 census). Administration. The Atacama region is divided in three provinces: Chañaral, Copiapó and Huasco.
The IV Coquimbo Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. The capital of the region is the city of La Serena; it is at north of Santiago, the capital of the country. Other important cities include the seaport Coquimbo and the agricultural centre Ovalle. History. From 1826, Coquimbo was a province of Chile but in 1974, with the creation of the Regions of Chile, it became one of the Chilean regions. Geography. The Coquimbo region borders the Atacama region to the north, Argentina on the east, the Valparaíso region on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The three main rivers are Elqui, Limarí and Choapa. Population. , there were (estimated) 771,085 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city in the region is its capital, La Serena, with 160,148 inhabitants (2002 census). The port of Coquimbo had 148,438 inhabitants. Administration. The Coquimbo region is divided in three provinces: Choapa, Elqui and Limarí.
The Valparaiso Region () is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. The capital of the region is the city of Valparaiso, an important Chilean seaport. Other important cities are Viña del Mar, Quillota, Quilpué and Villa Alemana. History. Valparaíso was made a province in 1842. In January 1928, Valparaíso was made part of the new province of "Aconcagua" but in 1936 was made again a province. In 1974, with the creation of the Regions of Chile, Valparaíso became one of the Chilean regions. Geography. The Valparaíso region borders the Coquimbo region to the north, Argentina and Santiago Metropolitan Region on the east, the Santiago Metropolitan Region region on the south, the O'Higgins region on the southwestern and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The three main rivers are: Population. , there were (estimated) 1,825,757 persons living in the region, for a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city in the region is Viña del Mar, with 286, 931 inhabitants (2002 census). The capital of the region, Valparaíso, had in 2002 263,499 inhabitants. Administration. The Valparaíso region is divided in eight provinces:
The arrondissement of Rochefort is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Rochefort. History. When the Charente-Maritime department was created on 1790, the "arrondissement" of Rochefort was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Rochefort has an area of , and a population of 187,843 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km². Rochefort is in the northern half of the department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of La Rochelle, to the northeast by the Deux-Sèvres department, to the east by the "arrondissements" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély and Saintes. To the south is the upper part the Gironde estuary, the largest estuary of France, and the Atlantic Ocean is to the west. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Rochefort, there are 12 cantons, some of them only partially. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Rochefort has 82 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of La Rochelle is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of La Rochelle. History. When the Charente-Maritime department was created on 1790, the "arrondissement" of La Rochelle was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of La Rochelle is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the Charente-Maritime department but the one with more people living in it. It has an area of , and a population of 210,151 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km². La Rochelle is the northernmost "arrondissement" of the department. It is formed from the old province of "Aunis", with centre in La Rochelle, its historical capital. It is bordered to the north by the Vendée department, to the east by the Deux-Sèvres department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Rochefort, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of La Rochelle, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": the Châtelaillon-Plage and La Jarrie cantons. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of La Rochelle has 58 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
Sutz-Lattrigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is on the southern shore of Lake Biel. It is home to a number of Neolithic and Bronze Age lake shore archeological sites, including one that is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Richmond–Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865. Fought during the American Civil War, it is more popularly known as the Siege of Petersburg. But it was not a classic military siege, in which a city is usually surrounded and all supply lines are cut off. Nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign consisted of nine months of trench warfare in which Union forces commanded by Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully. Then the Union Army constructed trench lines that eventually extended over . They ran from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg. Petersburg was critical to the supply of Confederate Lieutenant General Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the railroad supply lines through Petersburg to Richmond. Many of these caused the lengthening of the trench lines, overloading dwindling Confederate resources. Lee finally gave in to the pressure and abandoned both cities on April 3, 1865. This led to Lee's final surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The trench warfare of Petersburg became common in World War I, earning it a prominent position in military history. Of the 4,000 African American troops of the 4th Division, IX Corps, who fought at the Battle of the Crater on July 30, 1864, over half were killed, wounded or captured. Background. On March 10, 1864, Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to lieutenant general. He was given command of all Union troops. Grant planned a coordinated strategy to apply pressure on the Confederacy from many points. This was something President Abraham Lincoln had urged his generals to do from the beginning of the war. Grant put Major General William T. Sherman in immediate command of all forces in the West. He moved his own headquarters to be with the Army of the Potomac (still commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade) in Virginia. Grant intended to maneuver Lee's
The arrondissement of Saintes is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Saintes. History. When the Charente-Maritime department was created on 1790, the "arrondissement" of Saintes was part of that original department. It was the centre of the old province of Saintonge. Geography. It is the largest of the "arrondissements" of the Charente-Maritime department but the third by population. It has an area of , and a population of 128,786 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km². Saintes is in the central part of the department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Cognac (Charente department), to the south by the "arrondissement" of Jonzac, to the southwest by the Gironde department (through the Gironde estuary), to the west and northwest by the "arrondissement" of Rochefort. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Saintes, there are only two cantons where all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": the Saint-Porchaire and Saintes cantons. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Saintes has 89 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Saint-Jean-d'Angély is an arrondissement of France, in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Saint-Jean-d'Angély. History. When the Charente-Maritime department was created in 1790, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély was part of that original department. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, together with Marennes, was eliminated. In 1943, Saint-Jean-d'Angély was made again an "arrondissement". Geography. Saint-Jean-d'Angély is the "arrondissement" of the Charente-Maritime department with fewest people living in it. It has an area of , and a population of 53,336 inhabitants for a density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély is in the northeast of the department, in the historical and geographical region of "Basse Saintonge." It is bordered to the west by the "arrondissement" of Rochefort, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Saintes, to the east by the Charente department and to the north and northeast by the Deux-Sèvres department. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, there are only three cantons. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Jean-d'Angély has 111 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: