ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
In law, a majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court. A majority opinion becomes the decision of the court in a matter. It also gives an explanation of the reasons for the court's decision.  Decisions. A dissenting opinion is an opinion written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court. Very similar to a majority opinion is a plurality opinion. In this instance, a majority of Justices agree on the result of a case, but do not all agree on the reasons for the result.  In the United States Supreme Court, a majority of the Justices have to agree with all of the contents of the Court's opinion before it can be published. In a few cases, after reading drafts of the opinions, Justices may switch their votes and what was the minority opinion becomes the majority opinion. No opinion is considered official until it is read in open court or made available publicly. Tie votes. Normally, appellate courts (or panels) are staffed with an odd number of judges to avoid a tie vote. Sometimes and in some jurisdictions, when judicial positions are vacant or a judge has recused (excuse) himself or herself from the case, the court may be stuck with a tie. In this situation the decision of the lower Court stands.
In English common law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction. In modern use this generally is a court. Writs are issued by courts directing the person to whom they are addressed to do something or to not do something. Writs may also be used to direct other courts or public authorities. The authority for a court to issue a writ is given by the All Writs Act which is a United States federal statute originally a part of the Judiciary Act of 1789. History. In its earliest form a writ was simply a written order made by the English king to a specified person to undertake a specified action. For example in the feudal era a military summons by the king to one of his tenants-in-chief to appear dressed for battle with his knights at a certain place and time. An early usage survives in the United Kingdom. Also in Canada in a writ of election. This was is a written order issued on behalf of the monarch (in Canada, the Governor General) to local officials (High Sheriffs of every county in historical UK) to hold a general election. Writs were used by the medieval English kings to summon persons to Parliament. Types of writs. There have been a great many kinds of writs. Some of the more common types still in use are:
The Eleventh Amendment (Amendment XI) to the United States Constitution was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794 and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. It deals with each state's sovereign immunity and was adopted to overrule the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in "Chisholm v. Georgia". Lawsuits against states. The idea of sovereign immunity originated in English common law. It was also proposed by political theorists like Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin. The founding fathers of the Constitution were aware of the traditional doctrine that states were immune from private lawsuits. Several Anti-Federalists were afraid that Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which declares that the federal judicial power extends to suits "between a State and Citizens of another State", would override that doctrine.  The Eleventh Amendment was a direct reaction to an unpopular ruling by the Supreme Court in "Chisholm v. Georgia" (1793). In "Chisholm" the Court said federal courts had the power to hear lawsuits brought by citizens against US states. Also, that states were not immune to these cases. The Eleventh Amendment reversed this decision and does not allow cases brought against a state by a citizen of another state or country. It says nothing about a citizen bringing a suit against their own state. In "Ex parte Young", the Supreme Court decision allowed suits in federal courts against officials acting on behalf of states of the union to proceed despite the State's sovereign immunity, when the State acted unconstitutionally. The Eleventh Amendment is one of five amendments that overturned earlier Supreme Court decisions.
Johnnie L Cochran, Jr. (October 2, 1937 – March 29, 2005) was an American lawyer. He is most known for his part in the acquittal of O. J. Simpson for the murder of Simpson's ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. Cochran also represented many different celebrities and victims. He became known as an early advocate for the victims of police brutality. Cochran helped Sean Combs win an acquittal after being indicted on stolen weapons charges and bribery in 2001. After the case, he decided to retire. On March 29, 2005, Cochran died from a brain tumor in his home in Los Angeles, aged 67.
A crypt is a room, or group of rooms, in the basement of a church where bodies are put after a person dies. It usually has coffins, religious items, and other trinkets for the dead.
are two role-playing video games. They are published by The Pokémon Company and developed by Game Freak. They were released for the Nintendo 3DS. The games were released on 18 November 2016 in North America, Australia and Japan, and 23 November 2016 in Europe, commemorating the "Pokémon" franchise's 20th anniversary. On February 25, the games' existence was leaked after the trademarks were found on the EU's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market's website. "Sun" and "Moon" were officially announced in a Pokémon Nintendo Direct. Story. Pokémon Sun and Moon take place in a region called Alola. Alola has warm weather and is made up of four large islands. The player is given a Pokémon and goes on a journey around Alola. The player can catch and raise other Pokémon as they explore. While exploring, the player sometimes has to fight Team Skull. Team Skull are a group of people who want to destroy things and cause trouble. And some Pokémon have a special Alolan form!
Johann Georg, Prince von Hohenzollern ("Johann Georg Carl Leopold Eitel-Friedrich Meinrad Maria Hubertus Michael"; 31 July 1932 – 2 March 2016) was a German prince. Through his marriage to Princess Birgitta of Sweden, he was brother-in-law of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Prince Johann Georg was the sixth child of Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern (30 August 1891 – 6 February 1965) and his wife Princess Margarete Karola of Saxony (24 January 1900 – 16 October 1962). Goerg died on 2 March 2016 in Munich. He was 83 years old.
Stuart Jay Beck (December 23, 1946 – March 1, 2016) was an American law practitioner and a diplomat for Palau. Beck was born in Manhattan. He was raised in Brooklyn. As a lawyer, Beck helped negotiate the Compact of Free Association, which established Palau as an independent nation in free association with the United States in 1994. He was granted honorary citizenship. In 2003, he accepted the job as Palau's first Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He had this job until 2013. In 2013, he was appointed as Palau's first ever United Nations Ambassador for Oceans and Seas. Beck died of kidney cancer on March 1, 2016 in Manhattan, at the age of 69.
A wage is money that is paid by an employer to an employee in exchange for work. The amount may be fixed for each task completed (this is called piece rate); or it may be based on time or other measurable quantity of work done. Work for wages is the most common form of work. Because of this, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms of employee payment. However, a wage is different to a salary or commission. A salary is where the employer pays an arranged amount at regular intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked or amount of work done. Commission is usually an extra payment based on the performance of the worker or product. Waged employees may also receive "tips" paid directly by clients. They will usually not get the same benefits as those paid with a salary, such as annual leave and sick leave. Wages are usually paid by the hour. This is called an hourly wage. Wages paid by the day are still common. Wage rates may be influenced by market forces (supply and demand), laws, and tradition. Market forces are perhaps more dominant in the United States, while tradition, social structure and seniority, perhaps play a greater role in Japan. In many countries, laws set a minimum wage that all employers must pay their workers. This means that employers cannot pay workers a lower rate than the minimum wage; however, they can pay them a higher rate. The minimum wage rate is there to protect the working class. Wages were paid in the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome.
Aubrey Kerr McClendon (July 14, 1959 – March 2, 2016) was an American businessman. He was the founder and chief executive officer of American Energy Partners. He was also the co-founder and retired chief executive officer and chairman of Chesapeake Energy. He was an outspoken supporter for natural gas as a cleaner and safer alternative to oil and coal fuels. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. McClendon was a part-owner of the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and was part of the ownership that moved the team to Oklahoma City in 2008. On March 1, 2016, McClendon was charged by the United States Department of Justice of conspiring "to rig bids for the purchase of oil and natural gas leases in northwest Oklahoma". He died the following day in a car crash near Oklahoma City. He was 56 years old.
Willie Junior Maxwell II (born June 7, 1991), better known as Fetty Wap, is an American rapper and singer. He became famous after his first single "Trap Queen", reached number two on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in May 2015. This helped Wap secure a record deal with 300 Entertainment. He later released two Top 10 singles in the U.S., "679" and "My Way". Wap's self titled first album was released in September 2015. It reached number one on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 chart. Career. 2014–2015: Beginnings and first album. Fetty Wap's commercial first single, titled "Trap Queen", was released in early 2014. He recorded the song in February 2014. However, it did not gain major recognition until mid-November 2014. Since then, it has become a platinum record and has over 130 million plays on SoundCloud. In November 2014, Wap secured a recording contract with 300 Entertainment. The label was founded by Lyor Cohen, Kevin Liles, Roger Gold and Todd Moscowitz, as well as a distribution deal with Atlantic Records. The song "Trap Queen" is about a woman dealing and cooking crack cocaine. His first mixtape, "Fetty Wap: The Mixtape" was originally set for release in February 2015. It was delayed because he continued to create new songs. In June 2015, Wap was included in "XXL"'s 2015 Freshman Class. On June 29, 2015, Wap released his second single "679". The song's accompanying music video premiered on YouTube in May, before being commercially released. 679 had an original version with Monty only and an added verse by Wap. The Remy Boyz Version was removed from the album His next single, "My Way", became his second top 10 entry on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Later, Drake remixed My Way and created the version that was then played on radio. Afterwards, "679" reached
Kentucky State University (KSU) is a public university for men and women. It is in Frankfort, Kentucky. The school was founded in 1886. Its original name was the State Normal School for Colored Persons.  The university has four colleges. It offers four associate degrees, 55 undergraduate degrees and six post-graduate programs.
The Valley of the Queens ( ) is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times. In ancient times, it was known as Ta-Set-Neferu, meaning –"the place of beauty". X1:G1-Q1-X1:O1-F35-F35-F35 The reason for choosing the Valley of the Queens as a burial site is not known. The place is near the worker's village in Deir el-Medina and the Valley of the Kings. Another consideration may be the existence of a sacred grotto dedicated to Hathor at the entrance of the Valley. This grotto may be associated with rejuvenation for the dead. The main wadi contains 91 tombs and nearby valleys add another 19 tombs.
The emergency department (ED) is a part of a hospital for treating people who have just come to the hospital, need to be treated quickly even without an appointment. These people may have been hurt, or they may have suddenly become very ill. Patients come to an emergency department with little warning. Many come in an ambulance. Emergency departments often have staff working all day and all night, on every day of the week. This is because patients can arrive at any time. To work in those places, doctors and nurses must be trained in emergency medicine. There are many different names for an emergency department. They are often called an emergency room (ER), even if they are bigger than one room. They may also be called an emergency ward (EW) or emergency unit. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, they are usually called accident &amp; emergency department (A&amp;E) and less often as a casualty department. USA. A 2005 patient study found an average emergency room wait time from 2 hours in Iowa to more than 5 hours in Arizona. The Midwest had the highest number of emergency room visits (460 per 1,000 people). The West had the lowest number.
Gynecology (also spelled gynaecology) is the part of medicine that deals with the female reproductive system (vagina, uterus, ovaries) and breasts. Outside medicine, it means "the science of women." Women have started to outnumber men in the study and practice of gynecology.
The Transantarctic Mountains are a mountain range in the continent of Antarctica. It divides the continent into eastern and western region. It extends for over 3200 km. The Antarctic Peninsula to the west is not part of this range. Life in the interior of the Transantarctic Range is limited to bacteria, lichens, algae and fungi. The name "Transantarctic Mountains" was first used in 1960, in a paper by geologist Warren Hamilton.
John Singer Sargent (January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist. He was the leading portrait painter of his day. During his career, he created about 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as many sketches and charcoal drawings. He travelled worldwide. His parents were American, but he was trained in Paris, and then moved to London. His "Portrait of Madame X" resulted in scandal, though today it is hard to see why. She was thought to be somewhat loose sexually. In the original portrait as exhibited, one strap of her gown had fallen down her right shoulder. This suggested to some the possibility of further revelation; "One more struggle", wrote a critic in "Le Figaro", "and the lady will be free". Sargent visited Spain, studied Diego Velázquez, and was entranced with Spanish music and dance. He understood what the Impressionists were doing, and adopted their habit of painting "en plein-air". He was a big fan of Monet, and bought four of his works. His portrait of Monet shows he understood what was going on in French art at the time. Sergent kept his American citizenship, and went back there four times. However, he remained living in London to the end of his life.
École nationale de la météorologie (ENM, French Meteorology University) is a graduate engineering school in France. It has its own campus and also operates on the French Civil Aviation University campus for aviation activities. It awards the following French &amp; European degrees : Classes are mainly in French language. The school has 350 students from a dozen countries. Most of the graduate engineer students live in dedicated housing buildings. Research labs. Research at the school relate to the following topics:
The two-body problem is a problem from classical mechanics: there are two bodies which influence each other. Very often they attract or repel each other. In many cases they rotate. The problem uses bodies which are circles, or spheres. Solving the problem is possible for many situations, but it usually involves higher level mathematics. Simplification: One body has a mass that is much smaller. When one of the two bodies has a mass that is much smaller, the influence of this smaller body on the larger one is very small, and can be disregarded. In such a case, the problem can be reformulated as a one-centre problem, where there is a stationary big body in the centre, and a small body orbiting around the big one. This setting is very comon. Johannes Kepler was the first person to formulate and solve it. For this reason, it is also known as Kepler problem. General solution for the two-body problem. Isaac Newton was the first person to solve to the general two-body problem. Three or more bodies. Looking at the generalizations, there are two other problems which are related:
The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution was proposed in Congress on December 9, 1803. It was ratified by the state legislatures on June 15, 1804. It provided new procedures for electing the President and Vice President. Before the amendment, each member of the Electoral College cast a single vote. The candidate who received the largest number of votes became the President. The candidate receiving the next highest number of votes became the Vice President. The Twelfth Amendment changed the process to the current system whereby one vote is cast for the President and one for the Vice President. Background. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 went over several different proposals for electing the President. Some wanted Congress to choose the President. Other suggestions included selection by the state legislatures, by the state governors or by a congressional committee. Near the end of the convention the question was turned over to a committee called the Committee of Eleven for leftover business. They devised a system called the Electoral College. The plan was accepted and was added to the Constitution. In 1789 the Electoral College unanimously elected George Washington as the first president. He was reelected in 1792. In both cases he was the only president to receive all of the electoral votes. In the 1796 election, Washington declined to run. His Vice President, John Adams, and his running mate Thomas Pinckney ran for President and Vice President respectively. Alexander Hamilton tried to use his influence to get Pinckney more votes, making Adams the Vice President again. But the scheme backfired when Thomas Jefferson got more votes than Pinckney, but Adams won more of the electoral votes. This made Adams the President and Jefferson the Vice President. The 1800 Presidential election showed the deep problems in the electoral college system. Jefferson ran against Adams again. Both had running mates. Pinckney was again the running mate of Adams for the Federalist Party. Aaron Burr was Jefferson's running mate for the Democratic-Republican Party. Jefferson and Burr received the same number of votes creating a tie between two candidates from the same political party. Under the Constitution, the matter was to be decided by the House of Representatives. In the
South by Southwest (SXSW) is a set of festivals and conferences. They are about movies, interactive media, and music. It takes place every year in March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987. It has continued to grow in both scope and size every year. South by Southwest is run by the company SXSW, Inc. Overview. SXSW Music. SXSW Music is the largest music festival in the world. It had more than 2,000 performances in 2014. In 1987, 700 people attended the music event. In 2009, there were over 32,000 registrants. Bands must pay for their own travel and lodging at the event. All performers get a cash payment ($100 for solo musicians or $250 for bands) or a wristband that gives them access to all music events. SXSW Film. Conference. SXSW Film Conference lasts for five days. There are speakers, workshops, mentor sessions and more, with expert filmmakers and industry leaders. In 2015, there were over 250 sessions with 735 speakers. Important speakers in the past include Lena Dunham, Jon Favreau, Mark Duplass, Ava DuVernay, Ryan Gosling, Nicolas Cage, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Tilda Swinton, Amy Schumer, Sally Field, Joss Whedon, Christine Vachon, RZA, Matthew McConaughey, Danny Boyle, Seth MacFarlane, Catherine Hardwicke, Richard Linklater, David Gordon Green, Harmony Korine, Henry Rollins, Sarah Green and Robert Rodriguez. Festival. The SXSW Film Festival runs nine days. The SXSW Film Awards is on the last day of the Film Conference. In 2015, the SXSW Film Festival showed 150 feature movies and 106 short movies. They were selected from 7,361 submissions. Past movies that premiered at SXSW include "Furious 7", "Neighbors", "Chef", "21 Jump Street", "The Cabin in the Woods", "Bridesmaids" and "Insidious", and the TV series "Girls", "Silicon Valley" and "Penny Dreadful".
Januariusz Mikołaj "Janusz" Bolonek (6 December 1938 – 2 March 2016) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Huta Dłutowska, Poland. He worked in diplomacy for the Pope. Among other positions, has served as nuntius in Uruguay, Bulgaria, Romania, and in North Macedonia. Bolonek was made a priest in 1961 in Łódź, Poland. He retired as Apostolic Nuncio in 2013. He died in Łódź on 2 March 2016 of cancer. He was aged 77.
Benoît Lacroix (8 September 1915 – 2 March 2016) was a Canadian theologian, philosopher, and Dominican priest. He was a professor in Medieval studies and historian of the Mediaeval period at the Université de Montréal. He was the author of almost 50 works and a great number of articles. He was born in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Quebec. Lacroix died in Quebec on 2 March 2016 from problems caused by pneumonia. He was 100 years old.
Ashok Ghosh (2 July 1921 – 3 March 2016) was an Indian Bengali politician. He was the senior leader of All India Forward Bloc political party. He held the position of the state general secretary of Forward Bloc in West Bengal from 1946 until his death in 2016. Ghosh died in Kolkata from multiple organ failure on 3 March 2016. He was 94 years old.
Natalia Leonidovna Krachkovskaya (, maiden name - Belogortseva, 24 November 1938 – 3 March 2016) was a Soviet and Russian actress. She was awarded the Meritorious Artist in 1998. She was born in Moscow. She became famous during the 1970s with roles in the movies "The Twelve Chairs" and "". Krachkovskaya died on 3 March 2016 in a hospital in Moscow from a heart attack. She was aged 77.
The École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématiques et mécanique de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB - MATMECA) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus at Talence (West France). It awards the following French &amp; European degree : Classes are mainly in French and English. The school has 1200 students from a dozen nationalities. Most of the first year students at ENSEIRB-MATMECA live in dedicated housing buildings nearby research labs. Research labs. Research activities at ENSEIRB - MATMECA relate to the following topics:
Arjun Bijlani (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian television actor. He played Aalekh in "Right Left" and Mayank Sharma in "Miley Jab Hum Tum". His other work includes "Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar". In April 2015, Bijlani played Shikhar Mehra in "Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi". He plays the lead role of Hritikh in the television drama "Naagin". History. Bijlani was born on 31 October 1982. He has appeared in many advertisements, including LG, Samsung and BPL Mobile. He has been in many music videos. He was in "Kartika", a Disney Channel show, with Jennifer Winget. He has been in many serials, including "Miley Jab Hum Tum,Pardes Mein Mila Koi Apna". He also hosted a show named "Road Diaries". Personal life. He is married to Neha Swami and they have one children Ayaan Bijlani.
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. Most of the islands are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. A small number are part of Papua New Guinea.  The indigenous people of the islands are Torres Strait Islanders. In 2011, the population was 4,248. The island with the most people is Thursday Island.