ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
is a Japanese city in Saitama Prefecture on the island of Honshu. The city has an estimated population of 153,392 (as of 1 June 2012) and the density of 1,900 people per km². History. Kuki City absorbed the town known as Shobu on 23 March 2010. Kuki City is formed by the Minami Saitama District and includes the towns of Kurihashi and Washiyama, both from the Kitakatsushika District. Kuki City is known for agriculture including rice, soba, plants and flowers. Geography. Kuki, Saitama is approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) north of Tokyo. The total area is 82.40 km². There is a river called Tone in the northeast and a river called Moto-Arakawa in the southwest. Kuki, Saitama consists of four districts, followed by the wards included in each district as follows: Kamihayami, Kamicho, Kukishin, Kukihon, Kukichuo, Honcho, Minami, Aoge, Aoba, Kukikita, Kurihara, Koguki, Nishi, Noguki, Kukihigashi, Yosiha, Ezura, Otabukuro, Kawaramachi, Kitaaoyanagi, Shimohayami, Hara, Hinokuchi, Yokebori, Kamikioku, Kitanakasone, Kiyokucho, Shimokiyoku, Tokorokuki, Rokumanbu Shobucho Obayashi, Shobucho Kamiosaki, Shobucho Kamikayama, ShobuchoKawarai, Shobucho Sanga, Shobucho Shibayamashigo, Shobucho, Shimokayama, Shobucho Shobu, Shobucho Showanuma, Shobucho Dai, Shobucho Niibori Arai, Isaka, Kawaradai, Kitahiroshima, Kotsuka, Kurihashi
First order logic is a type of logic which is used in certain branches of mathematics and philosophy. First order logic enables the definition of a syntax which is independent of the mathematical or logical terms.  In first order logic, reasoning can be done from two points of view: either using syntax alone, or including semantic terms. First order logic is different from propositional logic: In first order logic, there are "quantifiers", called "for all" (written as formula_1) and "there is at least one" (written as formula_2). Negation, conjunction, inclusive disjunction, exclusive disjunction and implication are all defined the same way as in propositional logic. Because of that, first order logic can be thought of as an extension of propositional logic.  The completeness of first order logic, the result which asserts the equivalence between valid formulas and formal theorems, is established by Gödel. Together with Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, first order logic is the foundation of many branches of modern mathematics.
Richard P. Barth is the current Dean of the University of Maryland in Baltimore. He has been the school's dean, since 2006. He is also a founder and president of the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare, which was formed in 2009. Dean Barth wrote the book "Social and Cognitive Treatment of Children and Adolescents" (1986). Moreover, he has also co-written nine other books "Preventing Adolescent Abuse" (1992), "From Child Abuse to Permanency Planning: Pathways Through Child Welfare Services" (1992), "Families Living with Drugs and HIV" (1993), "The Tender Years: Toward Developmentally-Sensitive Child Welfare Services" (1998), "The Child Welfare Challenge" (1992, 2000), and "Beyond Common Sense: Child Welfare, Child-Well-Being, and the Evidence for Policy Reform" (2006).
Tiger Palpatja (born about 1920 – died 16 April 2012) was an Australian Aboriginal artist from the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. Life. Tiger was born around 1920 (though the exact year is not known). He was born in the bush, at a rockhole called Piltati, which is close to what is now Nyapaṟi in north-west South Australia. His family were Pitjantjatjara, and they lived a traditional, nomadic life in the bushland around Piltati. When he was a teenager, Tiger's family settled at Ernabella, which at the time was a Presbyterian mission and a sheep station. Tiger grew up on the mission, and learned to speak a little English in school there. He eventually got married to a woman named Nyalapanytja, and they lived in Ernabella for many years. Tiger worked on the station, shearing sheep and building fences. In the 1970s, Tiger and his family moved to Amaṯa, closer to his homeland. When he got older, Tiger became a "ngangkaṟi" (traditional healer), an important and respected role in traditional Pitjantjatjara communities. In 1997, the women at Amaṯa began a community art centre, originally called Minymaku Arts. The word "minymaku" means "women's", and they called it this because, at the time, Pitjantjatjara men did not like to paint. After several men began painting in the early 2000s, the centre's name was changed to Tjala Arts. Tiger started painting in September 2004, less than eight years before his death. He had never painted before this, and was better known for woodworking, especially making spears. Although he only began painting in his final years, his work quickly became recognised by critics. In 2005, Tiger was a finalist for the National Aboriginal &amp; Torres Strait Islander Art Award. He became a finalist
Boidae, commonly known as boa or boas, is a family of nonvenomous snakes that includes the boa constrictor and anaconda. Most are found in America but some are in Africa, Europe, Asia and on some Pacific islands. Their common names are boas or boids.  Adults are medium to large in size, with females usually larger than the males. There are two subfamilies with eight genera and 43 species.
Angela Carolyn Fong (born February 3, 1985) is a Canadian former professional wrestler and actress. She is best known for her time at World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She was known by the ring name Miss Angela during her time at Florida Championship Wrestling. She was later known by the name Savannah when she was the ring announcer for ECW on SyFy and the official ring announcer for season one of WWE NXT. Fong was also a cheerleader for the Canadian Football League's BC Lions.
A loquat is a tropical fruit that grows on a tree. Since it is tropical, it will only grow in a warm, wet climate. It grows in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, India and Iran.  Loquats are yellow or orange and contain large brown seeds. People eat the skin or peel the fruit.
A bit is a type of equipment that is put in a horse's mouth to help control it. It is attached to a bridle to hold it on the horse's head, and to reins which the rider holds and allows them to control and cue the horse. The mouthpiece of the bit is the part that goes into the horses mouth. It is usually made of metal, but may also be made of plastic or rubber. There are many different types of bits, including snaffles, pelhams, and curb bits. They all work a little differently. Some bits are "softer" than others, meaning that a pull on it is gentler to the horse than a "harsh" bit. For example, bits with a smooth mouthpiece are soften than those with a twisted mouthpiece. Bits are not cruel when used correctly, but a rider that pulls too hard can hurt a horse's mouth, especially if they use a harsh bit. If a rider is inexperienced, they should ride with a softer bit so when they make mistakes they do not hurt the horse. Experienced riders who can follow the horse's mouth as the horse moves and give very slight cues can use bits that are harsher. They have the skill to use the bits for very fine control over the horse, without hurting it.  Certain bits are commonly used in certain horse activities. For example, western style riding usually uses a curb bit. English style usually uses a type of snaffle, although certain horses may be put in a different type of bit. Saddleseat riding and high levels of dressage riding use a double bridle. This is a bridle that holds 2 bits. Each bit works a little differently so the rider can cue the horse to do different things. The rider must ride with 2 reins in each hand. This requires the rider to be skilled so they can handle both reins without confusing the horse.
Mazie Keiko Hirono (born November 3, 1947) is an American politician. She is best known as the first Asian-American woman elected to the US Senate. Early life. Hirono was born in Fukushima, Japan. At the age of 8, she emigrated to Hawaii with her mother. She became a US citizen in 1959. She considers herself among the "Issei" who are immigrants born in Japan. Career. Hirono was elected three times to the US House of Representatives. She was a member of Congress for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district before she was elected to the US Senate in 2012. Personal life. In May 2017, Hirono was diagnosed with kidney cancer.
Francophonie is an international organization of politics and governments with French as the main language. The countries have a large number of people who are francophones (French speakers), or where there is a notable affiliation with the French language or culture. It used to be called the Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF) or the International Organization of the Francophonie. There are 56 member states and governments, 3 associate members, and 19 observers. The modern organization was created in 1970. Its motto is "equality, complementarity, and solidarity". Its present Secretary General is Louise Mushikiwabo since 2019 French geographer Onésime Reclus made the word "Francophonie" in 1880. It is used to refer to the community of people and countries using the French language.
The Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) aims to create a free trade area. CEN-SAD was started in February 1998 by six countries. Since then its membership has grown to 29. One of its main goals is to get economic unity through the free movement of people and goods. This is to make the member states a free trade area. List of members. Founding members: Countries that joined later:
African Petroleum Producers Association is an organisation of African countries that produce petroleum. It was founded in 1986. The headquarters of the organisation are in Brazzaville in the Congo. Membership. The members of the African Petroleum Producers Association:
The Niger Basin Authority is an intergovernmental organisation in West Africa. They manage and develop the resources of the basin of the Niger River. The group is called by both French and English acronyms, NBA or ABN. The organisation was founded in 1964 as the River Niger Commission. On 21 November 1980, it was refounded as the Niger Basin Authority. Nine nations are members: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. While a small area of Algeria is in the Niger Basin, it is not a member of the NBA. The organisation is based in Niamey. They work in both French and English.
The Slave Coast was a name for the coastal areas of present Togo, Benin (formerly Dahomey) and western Nigeria. This is a fertile region of coastal Western Africa along the Bight of Benin. In pre-colonial times it was one of the most densely populated parts of Africa. It was one of the most important places for the Atlantic slave trade from the early 16th century to the 19th century. The slave trade became so large in the 18th and 19th centuries that an “Atlantic community” was formed. Slaves went to the New World, mostly to Brazil and the Caribbean. Ports that exported these slaves from Africa include Ouidah, Lagos, Aného (Little Popo), Grand-Popo, Agoué, Jakin, Porto-Novo, and Badagry. Researchers think that between 2 and 3 million slaves were exported out of this region. They were traded for goods like alcohol and tobacco from the Americas and textiles from Europe. Religions, architectural styles, languages, knowledge, and other new goods were mixed at this time. After slavery was ended by European countries, the slave trade continued for a time with independent traders (instead of government agents).
The coat of arms of Benin, was introduced in 1964. It was replaced in 1975. Then it was readopted in 1990. At the top of the emblem is the national crest that has two horns with corn in the ear and filled with sand. These are to stand for prosperity. Below the crest is a shield that has the actual coat of arms of Benin.  The shield is broken into four quadrants. The top left quadrant has a castle in the style of the Somba. This is for the history of Benin. In the top right quadrant, is the Star of Benin. This is the highest award of the nation. Below this is a ship, that stands for the arrival of Europeans in Benin. In the lower left quadrant is a palm tree. The shield is supported by a pair of leopards, the national animal of Benin. Below the shield is the motto of Benin (Fellowship, Justice, Work) in French.
"L'Aube Nouvelle" is the national anthem of Benin. In English, the name is "The Dawn of a New Day". It was written and composed by Gilbert Jean Dagnon. It was adopted when the Republic of Dahomey became independent from France in 1960. When Dahomey became Benin in 1975, the anthem was kept, with small changes to the words to fit the new name of the country.
Zinc finger nucleases (or ZFN) was a tool used to target genes and change DNA. It was one of three methods of changing the genome with engineered nucleases. It is now superseded. Zinc fingers are man-made molecules made of a protein and zinc. Each binds to a specific DNA. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are enzymes got by fusing a zinc finger to a DNA cleavage enzyme called a "Fokl". So the ZFN binds onto a specific DNA sequence, then snips it in two places. Regular cell enzymes stick the ends together, minus the bit snipped out (DNA repair). Each ZFN is made to use on a single gene which is called a “target gene” or “target DNA”. They can be designed to work on specific parts of genes to create a desired change. The two types of DNA changes are mutations such as deletions and insertions. Genetics research looks at the mutated subjects (animals, plants, bacteria) to find out what the particular gene does. Zinc finger structure. 'Zinc finger' is the name of many protein structures. The zinc atom binds the proteins and makes them more stable. ZFNs bind to DNA base pairs. One zinc finger can bind about 3 base pairs by itself.  ZFN function. Zinc finger nucleases are made with 3-6 zinc fingers. ZFNs have two important domains: a DNA-binding domain and a DNA-cleavage domain. The DNA-cleavage domain uses an enzyme called "Fokl" that breaks DNA.  ZFN’s can only change DNA sequences they are designed for. The DNA-binding domain binds to a specific DNA sequence. Two ZFN’s designed for the same DNA sequence are needed change one gene. The DNA-binding domains bind to both strands on the DNA double helix. DNA-cleaving domains break the DNA strand and cut the gene base pairs out. Cells fix broken DNA strands on their own using DNA repair. Deletion mutations result from missing base pairs after DNA repair.  The length of target gene sequence can also be specified. A minimum of 9 base pairs can be changed using 3 zinc fingers. This is useful
Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, GCB, GCSI, PC (4 March 1811 – 27 June 1879), better known as Lawrence of the Punjab was a famous British colonial officer, administrator and statesman in British India. He had the distinction of serving as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab and later Viceroy of India from 1864 to 1869. He was the younger brother of Sir Henry Lawrence.  The Lawrence Gardens, Lahore (now renamed "Bagh i Jinnah") were originally named after John Lawrence.
The W Regional Park is a major national park in West Africa. It is formed around a meander in the River Niger shaped like a "W". The park includes areas of the three countries Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso. The W National Park of Niger was formed by decree on 4 August 1954. In 1996 it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  In the three nations, the Regional park covers about 10,000 km². Almost no people live in this area. Fauna. The park is known for its large mammals, including aardvarks, baboons, buffalo, caracal, cheetahs, elephants, hippopotamuses, leopards, lions, serval and warthogs. The park has a home for some of West Africa's last wild African Elephants. The W Park used to have packs of the endangered Painted Hunting Dog. The National Park is one of the last strongholds for the Northwest African cheetah. There is a small but increasing population of at least 15-25 animals of this rare cat in the park.  The W area is also known for its bird populations. There are over 350 species identified in the park.
The Pendjari National Park is in north western Benin. It is next to the Arli National Park in Burkina Faso. It is named for the Pendjari River. The national park is known for its wildlife and is home to some of the last populations of big game like elephants, West African lions, hippopotamuses, buffalo and various antelopes in West Africa. The Park is also famous for its variety of birds. The Pendjari National Park has an area of 2755 square kilometres. The park is part of the WAP complex. The WAP complex is the W, Arli and Pendjari parks. This is a large protected area in Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger.
Nkroful is a village in Ghana. The village is known because it was the birthplace of Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana who led the country to independence from the United Kingdom. He is also buried there.  The local language spoken in Nkroful is the Akan language dialect Nzema but Fante is also spoken.
A spring is a device typically made of metal, usually steel. The metal can be compressed (squeezed). When the compression force is removed, the spring returns to its original length. The metal is usually spring steel, and it is wound tightly. There is lot of varitions with size and type, example some springs have designed for pulling, not pushing. Gas-springs are often used with vehicles tailgate. History. Simple non-coiled springs were used throughout human history e.g., the bow. In the Bronze Age more advanced spring devices were used, as shown by the spread of tweezers in many cultures. Ctesibius of Alexandria developed a method for making bronze with spring-like characteristics by producing an alloy of bronze with an increased proportion of tin, and then hardening it by hammering after it is cast. Coiled springs appeared early in the 15th century, in door locks. The first spring powered-clocks appeared in that century. They evolved into the first large watches by the 16th century. In 1676 British physicist Robert Hooke discovered the principle behind springs' action, that the force it exerts is proportional to its extension, now called Hooke's law.
The Fens, or , are a naturally marshy region in eastern England. Most of the fens were drained several centuries ago. They are now mostly a flat, damp, low-lying agricultural region. A "fen" is an individual area of marshland or former marshland. The marsh is (or was) neutral or alkaline water with relatively large quantities of dissolved minerals, but few other plant nutrients. The Fenland is mostly around the coast of the Wash. It includes parts of four counties: Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and a small area of Suffolk. The whole occupies an area of nearly . Most of the Fenland lies within a few metres of sea level. As with similar areas in the Netherlands, much of the Fenland originally consisted of fresh- or salt-water wetlands, which have been artificially drained. They are protected from floods by drainage banks and pumps. With the support of this drainage system, the Fenland has become a major arable agricultural region in Britain for grains and vegetables. The Fens are particularly fertile, containing around half of the grade 1 agricultural land in England. The Fens include the churches and cathedrals of Ely, Ramsey, Crowland, Thorney and Peterborough. Other significant settlements in the Fens include Cambridge, Boston, Spalding, Wisbech and King's Lynn. The Fens are very low-lying compared with the chalk and limestone uplands that surround them – in most places no more than 10 m above sea level. As a result of drainage and shrinkage of the peat fens, many parts of the Fens now lie below the average sea level. Although one writer in the seventeenth century described the Fenland as all lying above sea level (in contrast to the Netherlands), the area is now home to the lowest land point in the United Kingdom. That is Holme Fen in Cambridgeshire, about 2.75 metres below sea level. Within the Fens there are a few hills, which have historically been called "islands" as they remained dry when the low-lying fens around them were flooded. The largest of the fen-islands is the Isle
An incident where all members of a group considered a cult kill themselves has been called a cult suicide. In some cases, all or nearly all members commit suicide at the same time and place. Very often, this has been arranged as a mass suicide. Groups that have committed such mass suicides and that have been called cults include Heaven's Gate, Order of the Solar Temple, and Peoples Temple. There are other cases, where the respective group has supported mass suicide, but where it did not encourage all members to kill themselves. An example for such a case is that of the Filippians.
A destructive cult is a cult or other religious movement which has caused harm to its members or other people, or which will likely do so. There is a discussion of what "harm" really means in this context. For most researchers, it includes "physical harm", so organisations who injure or kill their members qualify. Some researchers also include mental abuse in this notion of harm, for example: "A destructive cult is a pyramid-shaped authoritarian regime with a person or group of people that have dictatorial control. It uses deception in recruiting new members (for example, people are not told up front what the group is, what the group actually believes and what will be expected of them if they become members"). Psychologist Michael Langone defines a destructive cult as "a highly manipulative group which exploits and sometimes physically and/or psychologically damages members and recruits". Lifton's "Eight criteria for thought reform" are criteria to identify a destructive cult. The use of the term "destructive cult" has also been criticised. According to some researchers, the term has been used to describe groups which are not necessarily harmful to themselves or others. The term may be used too widely, and equated with the deaths of members of Peoples Temple at Jonestown. Some complain that the term has been used to discredit groups. Lorne L. Dawson writes that though the Unification Church "has not been shown to be violent or volatile," it has been described as a destructive cult by "anticult crusaders". The German Federal Constitutional Court ruled in 2002, that the German government defamed the Osho movement by referring to it, among other things, as a "destructive cult". The court decided that "destructive cult" and other expressions employed by the government to describe the group had no factual basis to justify their use.