ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Names of Pakistan include the many modern and historical names given to the land of Pakistan. Much of Pakistan's history is closely connected to the Indus River, the national river of the country, and most names given to Pakistan come from it. The land of Pakistan, the Indus Valley, has had various names throughout its ancient history. As a cradle of civilizations, Pakistan has a rich history in how its names came about. Pākistān is the common name used today for the country, it is an acronym for the five different regions of British Raj (Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan) and the Princely states that joined together to make the federation of Pakistan. Officially, the country is called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: "Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān)" since 1973. Ancient Pakistan, being at the crossroads of civilizations, was split into many kingdoms and empires ruled by local or foreign dynasties, and different areas of the region had different names. The oldest recorded name of Pakistan is "Meluhha" (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠), the Sumerian name for the Indus Country. The oldest recorded native name of the country is "Sapta-Sindhu," meaning the land of seven rivers. This name is mentioned in the Rigveda, an ancient religious book. Chinese called this region as “Shendu (身毒)”, “Tiandu (天篤)” and “Tianzhu (天竺)," specifically referring to the Indus Valley. In the historical records of Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, the land of Pakistan is known as "Tenjiku" (天竺), "Cheonchuk" (천축), and "Thiên Trúc", respectively. These names are derived from the Chinese version "Tianzhu." Ancient Pakistan, especially the region of Gandhara, had a significant influence on East Asia and was responsible for spreading Buddhism in these countries. Modern Names. The modern
The light brown apple moth ("Epiphyas postvittana"), often called LBAM, is a species of tortricid leafroller measuring about ¼ inch long, which curls leaves to create shelters. Originally from Australia, LBAM has spread to various regions including New Zealand, Hawaii, Ireland, New Caledonia, and Great Britain. In March 2007, LBAM was confirmed to be present in California, leading to restrictions on the shipment of plant materials from California to other states in the USA, as well as within California from infested counties to non-infested areas. The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) has classified LBAM as a Class A pest and has initiated an eradication program primarily utilizing mating disruption pheromones and insecticide treatments. Adults of this species exhibit a light brown to yellowish hue, often adorned with varying degrees of darker brown patterning, boasting a wingspan ranging from . Notably, females tend to surpass males in size, typically displaying less pronounced markings; however, a distinctive spot is frequently observable when their wings are in a closed position. Eggs, characterized by their pale white coloration, are laid in clusters with a slight overlap, typically containing 20 to 50 eggs per group. Upon reaching maturity, larvae adopt a green coloration and measure approximately in length. Despite bearing a superficial resemblance to larvae of other indigenous tortricid species, confirming their identity often necessitates DNA analysis. Pupae of this species are typically brown in color and measure around in length.
eCall is an automated system for alerting emergency services. It was introduced in 2018. All car manufacturers that sell cars in the European Union have to put it in the cars they sell. The system will automatically alert emergency services by sending a standardized message to the Europe-wide emergency number 112. The message sent includes things like the current position and direction of the car and the time the accident happened. It also includes other information, like two positions of the car, in the last fifteen seconds before the accident. Optionally, it can include things like the number of people in the car, whether the vehicle turned upside down, and other specific information. Such cars also have a button which can send the message manually. In 2007, TÜV did some crash tests in Cologne. Unfortunately, they forgot to deactivate the respective alerting system. Soon, ambulances and fire engines arrived, as a major accident had been signalled.
In politics, a women's wing is a group within a political party dedicated to issues relating to women, such as sex equality, women's rights, and political representation. It often work to promote women's participation in politics, influence public policies related to women, and support female candidates in elections. They may carry out advocacy activities, organize events and campaigns to promote their causes within the party and wider society. In left-leaning parties, this wing tend to take a feminist stance.
The Centrist Democrat International (CDI; Spanish: "Internacional Demócrata de Centro"; French: "Internationale démocrate centriste," IDC) is the international alliance of moderate conservative and Christian-democratic political parties. Until 2001, it was known as the Christian Democratic International and, before that, as the Christian Democratic and People's Parties International (until 1999). It was founded in 1961 in Santiago, Chile, as the Christian Democratic World Union, based on the legacy of other Christian-democratic internationals that attempted to create a Christian-inspired Third Way alternative to the socialist and communist internationals; In 1982, it changed its name for the first time to Christian Democratic International, but later was renamed again due to the growing participation of parties of other religions. Although it brings together parties from all over the world, its members are mainly from Europe and Latin America. It shares some members with the International Democracy Union (IDU), although the CDI is closer to the political center and more communitarian than the IDU.
Waiting on the World to Change is a song by American singer-songwriter John Mayer. It was released on August 1, 2006. It enjoyed commercial success as a single and won the Grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 49th Grammy Awards. It contains a highly popular chord progression often found in blues, rock and soul songs. The chord progression is I - vi - IV - I - V - vi - IV - I, and in the case of "Waiting on the World to Change", it is in the key of D.
The Hain Celestial Group, Inc. is an international food and personal-care company. It is based in the United States. It was founded in 1993 as Hain Food Group. It changed its name to Hain Celestial Group after merging with Celestial Seasonings in 2000. It is publicly traded on the NASDAQ with brands that include Ella's Kitchen, Frank Cooper's, and Linda McCartney Foods.
Albert Hourani (31 March 1915 — 17 January 1993) was a Lebanese-British historian. He described himself as a liberal and specialised in the history of the Middle East. He wrote many books but is best known for his work "A History of the Arab Peoples".  Academic career. Hourani attended Magdalen College in Oxford University from 1933 to 1936 where he studied politics, philosophy and economics. After he graduated, he went to the American University of Beirut to teach politics. Over his life, Hourani taught at Magdalen College and St Antony's College in Oxford; The American University of Beirut; The University of Pennsylvania; and Harvard. Political career. Hourani worked in the Arab Office in Jerusalem and London after the end of World War II. He worked with the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, which was to be a report on the conditions in Mandatory Palestine.
Oberbillig is a municipality in Trier-Saarburg in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is on the river Moselle.
Temmels is a municipality in Trier-Saarburg in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Wellen is a municipality in Trier-Saarburg in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Levice (; ) is a town in western Slovakia. It is the capital of the Levice District. The town is on the river Hron. About 30,000 people live there. Levice was first mentioned in 1156 as "Leua".
Tlmače is a town in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of Slovakia.
Kalinovo () is a village in the Poltár District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia. The village was first mentioned in 1279.
Khawaja Muhammad Asif is a Pakistani Politician who is current Defence Minister of Pakistan, in office 11 March 2024. Having Previously this post from 2022 to 2023. He is also Member of the Pakistani Parliament since 1993.
Kežmarok ( or ; ; ) is a town in the Prešov Region in Slovakia. It is the capital of the Kežmarok District. About 16,000 people live there.
Ak (, also romanized as Ark and Āch) is a village in Eqbal-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, 289 people lived there in 65 families.
Qazvin County () is a county in the Qazvin province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Qazvin.
Pollo Campero is a Guatemalan fast-food restaurant chain, located in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Ecuador, Mexico, Spain, Bahrain, the United States, Puerto Rico, Belize, Haiti, Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, Brazil, and Italy. The chain has nearly 400 locations, including more than 70 in the United States.
Banijay is a French multinational television production and distribution company. It is the world's largest international content producer and distributor with over 130 production companies across 21 territories, and a multi-genre catalogue containing over 180,000 hours of original programming. It is headquartered in Paris. It was founded in January 2008 by Stéphane Courbit.
Handlová (; ) is a town in the Prievidza District in the Trenčín Region of Slovakia.
Bánovce nad Bebravou (; ) is a town in the Trenčín Region in Slovakia. About 17,000 people live there.
Myjava (; ) is a town in the Trenčín Region in Slovakia. About 10,500 people live there.
Notes. "Theodore Thomas More Agnew, Baron Agnew of Oulton, DL" is a British businessman, Conservative life peer, and former Minister of State at the Cabinet Office and HM Treasury. He is the founder and current chairman of the board of Inspiration Trust, an academy trust in Norfolk and Suffolk.
The variably colored Ghat tree frog, green tree frog, Parker's bubble-nest frog, Parker's bush frog, Indian bubble-nest frog, spotted green tree frog, Zamorin tree frog, or Green frog of the Neelgherries ("Ghatixalus variabilis") is a frog. It lives in India in the Western Ghat mountains, only north of the Palakkad Gap. People see this frog in shola forests high in the hills and sometimes on tea or cardamom farms in between. People have only seen them in or near mountain streams. They sometimes sit on the ground and sometimes on grass and sometimes in holes next to the streams. People have seen this frog between 925 and 2630 meters above sea level. The female frog makes a nest out of foam hanging over the stream and lays the eggs in the foam. The eggs hatch into tadpoles that fall into the stream.that live in rocky streams where the water flows fast. The tadpoles have large suckers on their mouths that they use to hold onto the rocks and keep still in the fast water. Scientists believe this frog is in danger of dying out because it lives in such a small place. Human beings have cut down the trees in the forests where it lived. The forests that are still there have farms in between, and the frogs cannot move from one forest to another. This frog is also in danger because the Nilgiri Hills are hotter than they were. This has changed the way the water sits below the ground. That has made it easier for new kinds of trees that people to the area, for example eucalyptus, lantana, acacia, wattle, and pinewoods, to grow where the shola forests were. Scientists say climate change is a threat to this frog.
Just What I Am is a song by musicians King Chip and Kid Cudi. A music video goes with the song. The US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) named it 13 on there list. Just What I Am made platinum status by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In other media. In 2020, the song was heavily featured in the Judd Apatow film "The King of Staten Island".
"Cars and Girls" is a 1988 song by Prefab Sprout and is the leading single from their third studio album "From Langley Park to Memphis". It went to number 44 in the United Kingdom, number 83 in France and number 41 in Australia. Track listings. 7" vinyl single. Side 1 Side 2 10" vinyl single. Side 1 Side 2 12" vinyl single. Side 1 Side 2
South Bengal (/দক্ষিণ বাংলা) is a term used for the southern parts of Bengal including Southern Bangladesh and Southern West Bengal, state in India.
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. Research topics. The center's research includes the following topic areas:
A creative director is someone who makes important creative decisions. They oversee the making of ads, products, events, and logos. They also manage and guide the creative team who create these things. Creative directors are mostly found in TV, design, movies, music, video games, fashion, ads, media, and entertainment. Sometimes they work in web or software companies too. Significance. In arts and entertainment, a creative director is really important. They're a key part of making things happen. They might also do jobs like art directing, writing, or leading design. They're in charge of coming up with ideas and designs for projects. For example, in advertising, they lead the team to come up with ideas and designs. They guide a team with skills in things like graphic design, fine arts, and motion graphics. They work on things like layout, ideas, and writing.
https://8171bispgovnews.pk/ The Punjab government has started registration of poor people across the country. So that they can benefit from the welfare programs of the government. The registration process for the Ehsaas program 8171 has been named PSER Punjab Socio-Economic Registry after 2022. The Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) is a programme of the Pakistani government to fight against poverty.  It has been implemented in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The program also operates in the federally administered regions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and the Islamabad Capital Territory. Eligibility. To be eligible for cash payments under BISP, families must earn less than RS 6,000 per month; equivalent to $67. Further eligibility requirements stipulate that: Families deemed ineligible for cash payments through BISP include those with:
A private collection is when someone owns a lot of valuable items, like artwork or other special objects. In places like museums or art galleries, if you see something on display that is not owned by the museum, it was probably given to them for a while by someone else, like a collector or an organization. This could be for a short time or a long time. The person or group giving it could be an art collector, school, church, bank, or another company. On the other hand, people who collect books, even if they do it because they love how the books look, are called bibliophiles, and their collections are usually called libraries.
or or is a village in Kautokeino Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.  The village is by a river called Kautokeinoelva, which is part of the Alta river. It's about 60 kilometers south of a town called Alta and also about 60 kilometers north of another village called Kautokeino. Most of the people in the village are Sami, who are native to the Fennoscandinavian peninsula and not from Norway. Masi Church has been there since the 1600s. The church now is a new one because the old one got burned down by German soldiers during World War II. In the late 1970s, the Norwegian government wanted to build a big power station downstream from Masi. They thought this would flood Masi, the area around Kautokeino, and where reindeer graze. People protested against this, and it became known as the Alta controversy.
Environmental laws are laws that protect the environment. Environmental law is a collection of rules that tell people how they should treat the environment. This also covers rules about how we should take care of things like forests, minerals, and fish. It also includes things like checking how our actions affect the environment. Environmental law is all about making sure that living things, including people, are safe from harm caused by human activity, both now and in the future.
Huntertown is a town in Allen County, Indiana. The population was 9,141 during the 2020 census, making it one of the fastest-growing areas in northeastern Indiana.
Leo-Cedarville is a town in Cedar Creek Township, Allen County, Indiana, United States. The population was 3,624 at the 2020 census. History. Before, Cedarville and Leo were different villages. Cedarville was planned out in 1838, and Leo was started in 1849, first called the Town of Hamilton. In 1996, Leo and Cedarville became one town called Leo-Cedarville. They did this to stop the nearby city of Fort Wayne from taking them over. The Hursh Road Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. But then, it was taken off the list in 1993.
Monroeville is a town in Monroe Township, Allen County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,294 in the 2020 census.
Zanesville is a town in the Wells and Allen counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 580 at the 2020 Census.
Winter squash is a type of fruit that grows every year. There are different kinds of squash in the group called "Cucurbita". Winter squash is usually grown late in the season. It looks less neat and can be a bit bumpy or warty. It's usually smaller to medium-sized and has a hard outer shell. These types of squash can be kept for a long time and are usually eaten in the winter. Unlike summer squash, they're picked and eaten when they're fully grown and have a tough skin. Most people cook winter squash before eating it, and you usually don't eat the skin like you might with summer squash. Some types of winter squash are round and orange, and we call them pumpkins. In New Zealand and Australian English, "pumpkin" usually means all kinds of winter squash, not just the round orange ones.
Fairy bread is sliced white bread spread with butter or margarine and covered with "Hundreds and Thousands", often served at children's parties in Australia and New Zealand. It is typically cut into triangles.
Chiang Rai is a city in the northern part of Thailand. It is the capital city of Chiang Rai province. The city has a population of about 200,000 people. History. Chiang Rai was founded by King Mangrai in the year 1262 CE. It was the first capital city of King Mangrai's kingdom. The name "Chiang Rai" means "The City of King Rai". For hundreds of years, it was controlled by Burma. It became a part of Thailand in 1786. It was officially declared a province of Thailand in 1933. Geography. It is located in the very north region of Thailand. It is situated in the basin of the Kok River, near the Khun Tan Range. It is famous for its beautiful mountain scenery. It covers an area of 60.85 square kilometers.  Climate. It has a tropical climate. It has a rainy season from May to October and a dry season from November to February.
Vestvågøy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. In 2023, 11,551 people lived there.
Flå is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 1,097 people lived there.
Hemsedal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 2,645 people lived there.
Nesbyen is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 3,299 people lived there.
Ål is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 4,862 people lived there.
The Battle of Kosmach (also known as Rushir Battle) is a six-day battle between UPA rebels and NKVD punitive forces. It lasted from January 30 to February 5 and ended with a tactical and strategic victory for the rebels. On January 30, the Soviet command pulled border troops 31, 33 and 87 and some other Soviet formations to the rebel-controlled village of Kosmach in order to capture the " Banderiv capital" nicknamed by the Enkavedists. On the same day, the offensive began. The UPA fighters, seeing the attacking enemies, were in no hurry to go into battle, but retreated to the surrounding forests. The occupiers decided to engage in terror against civilians. However, after a few hours, the Ufa soldiers returned to the village and opened fire on the enemies. The battle lasted continuously for three days. Three days later, the punitive detachments were encircled, moreover, they almost completely ran out of ammunition and ammunition. So the soldiers radioed the soldiers from Stanislav and asked for reinforcements - the 256th Soviet regiment led by Lieutenant Colonel Aleksey Dergachev. However, the rebels managed to intercept the radiogram, and they knew in advance that reinforcements were coming to the enemy, and decided to prevent the arrival of reinforcements. The command issued an order to entrench itself on the Kolomyia-Kosmatsky Road and stand to the death. At that time, the commander of the department was seriously wounded, and the command passed to the hands of Myroslav Simchich, who found a terrain suitable for an ambush - the road was surrounded by mountains on both sides and rested on the river. Later, the people of Bandera destroyed the bridge and established themselves. New reinforcements were never sent. The "Skazheni" smokehouse and two hundreds of "Haidamaks" from Upp decided to take advantage of this, launching a counterattack with the aim of eliminating the boiler. Another 80 punishers were killed. The boiler was liquidated by February 5. The losses of the UPA are not known for sure, but it is known for sure that directly during
Flesberg is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 2,737 people lived there.
Nore og Uvdal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 2,486 people lived there.
Rollag is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 1,366 people lived there.
Lier is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 28,167 people lived there.
Øvre Eiker is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 20,495 people lived there.
Hole is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 6,888 people lived there.
Krødsherad is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 2,211 people lived there.
Modum is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 14,527 people lived there.
Sigdal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. In 2023, 3,479 people lived there.
Mangrai also known as King Mangrai the Great was the 25th king of Ngoenyang. He founded the city of Chiang Mai and the Kingdom of Lan Na in Southeast Asia. He ruled from 1292 to 1311 CE. Early Life. He was born in 1238 in the ruling family of Ngoenyang. His father was the ruler of the Tai kingdom of Ngoenyang. Achievements. In 1262, Mangrai established Chiang Rai as the new capital city. He then began conquering the neighboring region. He defeated the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai in 1281. In 1292, Mangrai relocated his capital to the newly established city of Wiang Kum Kam. Later in 1296, he left Wiang Kum Kam and established Chiang Mai as the new capital of Lanna Kingdom. Death and Succession. He died in 1311 in Chiang Mai. His son Chai Songkhram succeeded him as king. His dynasty ruled the Lanna Kingdom for more than two centuries.