ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Rory Williams is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who".He was played by Arthur Darvill. Rory was first seen at the start of the 5th series. He joined the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith) as a companion in the middle of Series 5. Rory began as Amy Pond's fiancé. He was uncomfortable around the Doctor at first. This was because he believed that Amy cared more for the Doctor than she did for him. Later, he shows that he is truly a hero. Amy learns that she has always loved him and they get married. They conceive Melody Pond inside the TARDIS while it is travelling through time. Their baby is kidnapped at birth. Rory and Amy learn that their daughter is River Song, and become related to the Doctor when he marries River in The Wedding of River Song. Appearances. Television. Early life. Rory Williams has been a close friend of Amelia "Amy" Pond since they were children. They grew up in Leadworth, a fictional village near Gloucester, in South West England, along with their friend Mels. Mels secretly knows that she is their future daughter, Melody and is, oddly enough, who Melody is named after. (Yes, she is named after herself. Time is all "wibbily-wobbly" like that where the Doctor is involved) The kids often played dress up. Amy makes Rory dress as her "imaginary friend" the "Raggedy Doctor". Amelia first kisses Rory while dancing the macarena. Amelia grew up thinking of herself as "counting as a boy" and Rory was afraid to ever tell her his feelings toward her. She never thought that Rory was in love with her. Because he had never shown any romantic interest in other girls, she thought he was gay. Because of this, she never acted on her own feelings towards him. A year or two before the Doctor returns to Leadworth, Mels tells Rory and Amy that they have feelings for each other. This starts their relationship and in the end causes herself to actually be born. Series 5 (2010). Rory is first seen in "The Eleventh Hour" (
The Queen's Gambit Declined is a chess opening which starts with 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6. It is an old opening, and one of the most important. It is often used in top-class play. In this opening, called QGD for short, the struggle for the centre is the strategy of both players. Unlike the Queen's Gambit Accepted, Black keeps his pawn on d5 protected. A simple example: 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6  4.Bg5 Be7  5.e3 0-0 6.Nf3 c6 7.cxd5 exd5 8.Bd3 Nbd7 (Black could play 8...Ne4 here) 9.0-0 h6 10.Bh4 Here White has more space, and Black has to decide how to develop his pieces. It is easier to play the white pieces in this kind of position. However, overall, black players do as well with this defence as with most others. Best for Black in this position is 10...Ne4 or 10...Re8.
Connie Victoria Elizabeth Talbot (born 20 November 2000) is an English singer-songwriter. She became famous after competing in "Britain's Got Talent". She lost at the finals. Biography. In "Britain's Got Talent", she sang "Somewhere Over the Rainbow". This led her to the semi-finals. She then competed in but was defeated at the finals. After her success, Talbot began posting Youtube videos since 2008. Most of them were videos of her singing. Some gained over 10 million views. Other passions. She is also a professional mermaid. Discography. Talbot released three albums, with the first one released in 2007, and the second and third ones in 2008 and 2009.
Slovene (or "Slovenian") is a language. It is the official language of Slovenia. Experts estimate that 2.5 million people can understand and speak Slovene. It is a Slavic language, written for more than 1000 years. The earliest written records are the Freising manuscripts. In 2004, it became an official language of the European Union (there are 24 official languages in total). The standard Slovene alphabet has 25 letters. The letters come from the Latin alphabet. Slovene words are usually pronounced how they are spelled. Examples :
Evgeny Tomashevsky, born 1 July 1987 in Saratov, is a Russian chess grandmaster. In 2001 he won the U18 Russian championship in Rybinsk with 9/10 and in 2004 he became second in the U18 World Youth Chess Championship. In 2007 he became second in the Aeroflot Open. In 2009 Tomashevsky won the 10th European Individual Chess Championship after tie-breaks. The decisive match against Vladimir Malakhov went into armageddon, where Malakhov blundered a rook in a winning position.  He was a member of the gold-medal-winning Russian team at the World Team Chess Championship 2009 in Bursa. In 2011, he tied for 1st-3rd with Nikita Vitiugov and Le Quang Liem in the Aeroflot Open. Tomashevsky's style of play is described as being mostly positional.
The International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools (IAAPS) is an association of pilot training organizations created in 1995. IAAPS is recognized by national and international aviation authorities. IAAPS is part of the rulemaking group of the European Aviation Safety Agency. (EASA) History. In 1990, the so-called "Cyprus Agreement" caused the European Joint Aviation Authority (JAA) to be established. In 1995, the European Association of Airline Pilot Schools (EAAPS) was established. The EAAPS was active in the pan-European project to define and standardize the depth and scope of flight training within the JAA. One of the results was the "Joint Aviation Requirement Flight Crew Licensing code" (JAR-FCL). In 2009, the EAAPS became a worldwide association. The name or the organization was changed changed to IAAPS. Mission. As a global pilot shortage grows, IAAPS members work together to maintain and improve the quality standards of pilot training. Aviation training improves air safety standards. IAAPS is recognized by the EASA as the representative of the training industry. IAAPS activities include  IAAPS helped to develop "learning objectives" for aircraft and helicopters. These were published by the JAA and then by EASA. Members. The membership is comprised of aviation training organizations. Each member organization is certified nationally. The international membership is expanding.
The Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies (ISSAT) is the French name for the Institute of Space, its applications and technologies. Supported by French Ministry of Education, the organisation was created in 1995 to develop aerospace activities in Toulouse. It also helps promote the distribution of aerospace expertise in France and Europe. The ISSAT has 13 members:
Super Bowl XXXIX was the thirty-ninth Super Bowl. The teams in the game were the Philadelphia Eagles from the NFC and the New England Patriots from the AFC. New England won the game 24-21. Paul McCartney performed in the halftime show. The game was played to take place on February 6, 2005.
Charles George Gordon (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885) was a British Army officer and mercenary. He served the Khedive of Egypt as Governor of the Sudan. He was killed by supporters of Muhammed Ahmed, the Mahdi, a rebel against Egyptian rule in the country. Early life. Gordon was born in London in 1833, where his father was a major in the Royal Artillery. While still a very small child the family moved to Dublin so his father could work on modernising the guns at the Pigeon House Fort. In 1837 they moved to Edinburgh when his father was posted to Leith Fort. The family were then sent to the island of Corfu where his father had to arrange for the guns to be placed in new positions. Gordon 's parents wanted him to have an English education so he was sent to Fullands School at Taunton. When he turned 14 he attended the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. He was often bullied, and he would become quiet and withdrawn. He go for several days without speaking to anyone. He would stand still and stare at the bullies until they felt uncomfortable and stopped. Gordon was accused of having bullied other students, and was punished by having to stay at the college for another term. He passed his exams and joined the Royal Engineers on the 23 June 1852. Crimea. Gordon worked as an engineer repairing various army buildings in Chatham, and repairing the fort at Pembroke. In 1855 he was sent to the Crimean War and took part in the siege of Sebastopol. After the war, Gordon was sent to survey and map the border between Russia and the Romanian principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. In May 1857 he was sent to map the border between Russia and Turkey. He was awarded a Turkish war medal and the French Legion of Honour. Gordon returned to England at the end of 1858, where he was promoted to major, and took up a post at Chatham. China. At the end of the Second Opium War in 1860, Gordon was sent to China with a force of soldiers to protect British interests. In
A rhythmite is layers of sediment or sedimentary rock laid down in a repeated pattern. This pattern may be varves, which are an annual pattern, or shorter or longer-term rhymites. Tides in some places have left rhythmites. Longer-term rhythmites. Rhythmites can show long-term prehistoric events, such as periodic floods, sea level changes, glaciation changes, earth's orbital variations, and other periodic climate changes. Many rock formations show repeating patterns of strata. For example, clay layers may alternate with sandstone layers; or carbonate layers alternate with shales. This is usually caused by repeating cycles of climate. In warmer times the sea rises, and carbonate rocks are deposited in shallow subtropical seas. Later, ice builds up at the poles and the sea level drops. Then the same area is close to shore, and gets sand and mud washed down by rivers. Deposits on land show patterns for similar reasons. A low-lying area will be a lake or a swamp during hot, wet periods, and maybe a desert or a mudflat during dry periods. Erosion takes place during the dry periods, and deposition takes place during the wet periods. However, temperature and sea-level changes are not the only causes of rhythmites. In volcanic areas a pattern of deposition in lakes may be regularly interrupted by eruptions of volcanic ash, so that in the record of the rocks shales and mudstone alternates with tuff.
A varve is a pattern in sediment which is made by annual processes (deposits which vary during the year). Varves are amongst the smallest-scale events in stratigraphy. They form only in fresh or brackish water. Varves are important in palynology, and can be fossilized as rhythmites. The classic varve archetype is a light/dark-coloured couplet deposited in a glacial lake. The light layer is usually silt and fine sand deposited when spring meltwater brings sediment into the lake.  During winter, when meltwater and its sediment is reduced and the lake surface freezes, fine clay-size sediment is deposited forming a dark-coloured layer. Varve formation needs the absence of bioturbation (lake bottom disturbed by animals). Therefore, varves usually form under anoxic conditions.
A sundown town is a town that is or was purposely all-white. The term is widely used in the United States in areas from Ohio to Oregon and well into the South. The term came from signs that were allegedly posted stating that people of color had to leave the town by sundown. The minority people could not visit after sunset or spend the night in the town (even as a paying hotel customer). Such towns are also sometimes called “sunset towns” or “gray towns”. History. Some towns placed signs at the town's boundary with statements similar to the one posted in Hawthorne, California, which read "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Set On YOU In Hawthorne" in the 1930s. In some cases, keeping minorities out was official town policy, through restrictive covenants written in land deeds, or by agreement between the real estate agents of the community. In others, the policy was enforced through intimidation. For example, law enforcement officers could stop all minorities found after sunset. Though no one knows the number of sundown towns in the United States, the largest estimate was that the nation had several thousand. The highest proportion of confirmed sundown towns are in the state of Illinois. It is difficult to confirm sunset towns because the towns did not keep, or do not want to show, official documents stating their status as sundown towns. For example, "One Hundred Years of Progress: The Centennial History of Anna, Illinois," although more than 400 pages long, never mentions Anna's 1909 expulsion of African Americans, the sundown signs at the northern and southern city limits in 1954, or anything else about race.  Since the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, and especially since the Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibited racial discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing, the number of sundown towns has decreased. However, as sociologist James Loewen writes in his book on the subject, it is impossible to precisely count the number of sundown towns at any given time, because most towns have not kept records of the ordinances or signs that marked the town's sundown status. His book,
Punta Gorda (called P. G. by the locals) is a city in the southern part of Belize. It is the capital of the district (state) of Toledo. About 6,400 people live there. Punta Gorda has a tiny airport. Every Saturday, people come to Punta Gorda from all over Toledo District to buy and sell items in an open-air market. Punta Gorda is a seaport and fishing town on the Caribbean Sea. It was a small fishing village before being settled by a number of Garifuna who came from Honduras in 1823. The town is about fifteen feet above sea level. Well-known people from Punta Gorda include paranda musician Paul Nabor and Belize's 'Queen of Brukdown', Leela Vernon.
was an old province of Japan in the area of Ishikawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .  The province had borders with Etchū and Kaga provinces. The ancient capital city of the province was Nanao. History. Noto Province was created during the reign of Empress Genshō.  In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Noto Province were reformed in the 1870s. Shrines and Temples. "Keta jinja" was the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") of Noto.
was an island province of Japan until 1871 when it became a part of Niigata Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called or .  History. Sado Province was created during the reign of Empress Genshō.  In 1221, Emperor Juntoku was sent into exile on Sado Island. The former emperor is sometimes identified as because his last years were spent at Sado. Juntoku remained at Sado until his death in 1242.  In the Edo period, Gold was discovered and mined. The Sado mines were added to the tentative World Heritage List in 2010. In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Sado Province were reformed in the 1870s. Geography. Sado is an island in the Sea of Japan. It was off the coast of Echigo Province. Shrines and Temples. "Watatsu-jinja" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Sado.
Louise I. Shelley is a professor at George Mason University in Virginia. She is also founder and director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC). She graduated from Cornell University "cum laude" in Penology and Russian literature in 1972. While there, she co-founded the Risley Residential College. She served on the Cornell Board of Trustees. She got a M.A. from the University of Pennsylvania in Criminology in 1973. In 1973/74, she held a Columbia University, International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) Fellowship used to study in the Sociology Department, Law School and the Russian Institute. In 1977, Shelley earned a Ph.D. in Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. She joined the American University as an Assistant Professor in 1977. She became a full professor in 1986. In 2007, she moved to George Mason University. Shelley has studied at Moscow State University as a Fulbright-Hayes Fellow. She studied the prison system of Russia and other nations. She studies how criminals make their money hard to trace (money laundering).
was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukui Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also known as or .  The province had borders with Echizen, Ōmi, Tamba, Tango, and Yamashiro Provinces. The ancient capital city of the province was Obama. History. In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Wakasa Province were reformed in the 1870s. Shrines and Temples. "Wakasahiko jinja" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Wakasa.
Robert James Gilbert Anderson (15 September 1922 – 1 January 2012) was an English athlete who represented Great Britain in the fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He choreographed the sword fights for many movies including Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy. He was born in Hampshire on 15 September 1922, and during World War II he was a member of the British Royal Marines. He used his sword fighting skills in many movies starting with "The Master of Ballantrae", based on the book by Robert Louis Stevenson. During the filming he accidentally stabbed Errol Flynn in the leg. Anderson was the person dressed as Darth Vader in the sword fights in "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of the Jedi". He also arranged the sword fights in all three of the Lord of the Rings movies. Other movie credits included the James Bond movies, "From Russia With Love" and "Die Another Day", "The Princess Bride", "The Three Musketeers (1993 movie)", "The Mask of Zorro", and "The Legend of Zorro".
Tamara Toumanova ( March 2, 1919 – May 29, 1996) was an American ballerina and actress of Georgian descent. Toumanova is notable for ballet, and she also acted in several movies. Tournova became an American citizen in 1943. She married her second husband, Casey Robinson, a Hollywood script writer and producer, in 1944. Life. Shortly after the Russian Revolution of 1917, Toumanova's mother, Eugenia Toumanova, left Georgia, Russia looking for her first husband, Konstantin Zakharov. She was pregnant at the time. She gave birth to Toumanova in Siberia. It has been verified that Toumanova is of Georgian ancestry. Toumanova's parents became separated during the revolution. Toumanova was 18 months old before her parents were found each other. The family went from Russia to Shanghai, China. They lived there for a year. They then moved to Cairo. After living in refugee camps, the family moved to Paris. There was a large Russian émigré community there. After moving to Paris, Toumanova was given piano lessons and studied ballet with Olga Preobrajenska. Toumanova said she was her "first and only permanent teacher" and an "immortal friend". She made her debut at the Paris Opera at the age of ten in the children's ballet "L'Éventail de Jeanne". George Balanchine saw her in ballet class and hired her for de Basil's Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo as one of the three "baby ballerinas".
Valery Ilyich Rozhdestvensky (February 13, 1939–August 31, 2011) was a USSR cosmonaut. Rozhdestvensky was born in Leningrad and studied engineering at the Higher Military Engineering School of the Soviet Navy in Pushkin. From 1961 to 1965 he was commander of a deep sea diving unit in the Baltic Sea War Fleet.  He was chosen to be a cosmonaut on October 23, 1965 and flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 23 in 1976. After his space flight he continued to work with the space program at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. He retired on June 24, 1986 and worked with Metropolis Industries.
was an old province of Japan in the area of Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was sometimes called .  Awa had borders with Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo Provinces.  History. In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Awa Province were reformed in the 1870s. Shrines and Temples. "Ōasahiko jinja" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Awa.
Teapot Rock is a rock formation in Natrona County, Wyoming. A nearby oil field is named after the rock. The oil field was the focus of a bribery scandal during the administration of Warren G. Harding, the Teapot Dome scandal. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The eroded sandstone formation is tall and is about in circumference. It is a few hundred yards east of Wyoming Highway 259, about north of Casper, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin near Teapot Creek.  The outline of the rock once resembled a teapot and gave its name to several man-made and natural features, including a geologic structural uplift known as the Teapot Dome, and an oil field about east. In 1915, U.S. Navy was converting its ships to oil-fired boilers. The Navy bought the Teapot Dome Oil Field. It was called "Naval Petroleum Reserve Number Three" as part of a program to ensure that the Navy would have sufficient fuel reserves in an emergency. It was one of several related fields in the area, the largest of which was the Salt Creek Oil Field. By comparison with the Salt Creek Field's peak production of of 1923, the Teapot Dome field had about 64 wells, with few producing more than 150 barrels per day (24 m3/d).
was a Japanese island province in the Seto Inland Sea near Hyōgo Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .  Awaji Island is between Honshū and the island of Shikoku. Awaji means literally "Road to Awa". It was the route for traveling to Awa Province from the central part of Japan.  History. In 764, Emperor Junnin was sent into exile on Awaji. He died on the island in 765. The former emperor was known as "Awaji no Haitei." In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Awaji Province were reformed in the 1870s. Shrines and Temples. "Izanagi jingu" was the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") of Awaji.
was an old province of Japan in the area of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. The province was sometimes called .  Iyo had borders with Awa, Sanuki, and Tosa Provinces.  The ancient capital city of the province was near modern Imabari.  History. In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Iyo Province were reformed in the 1870s. Shrines and Temples. "Ōyamazumi jinja" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Iyo.
Much Ado about Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare. It is set in Messina, Sicily (which is in Italy) and is a comedy/love story about two pairs of lovers, Hero and Claudio and Benedick and Beatrice. This story is one of William Shakespeare's more popular plays.  The villain in this story is called Don John and he convinces Claudio that Hero is cheating on him and then he refuses to marry her whilst Benedick and Beatrice are tricked into confessing their true love for each other. In the end the Constable accidentally sorts everything out and everyone celebrates both marriages. Don John (the villain) can't bear anyone else to be happy. He is an illegitimate child meaning his upbringing has been rocky and he is insecure, leading to his selfish behaviour getting the better of him throughout the play.
, or , was an old province of Japan in the area of Wakayama Prefecture and Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Kii had borders with Ise, Izumi, Kawachi, Shima, and Yamato Provinces.  History. During the Edo period, the Kii branch of the Tokugawa clan held the castle at Wakayama. In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Kii Province were reformed in the 1870s. Shrines and Temples. "Hinokuma-Kunikakasu jinjū" was the chief Shinto shrine ("ichinomiya") of Kii.