ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. It forbids the practice completely during peacetime. The amendment is a response to the Quartering Acts passed by the British parliament between the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. They allowed the British Army to house soldiers in private homes in the American colonies. The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison. It was a part of the United States Bill of Rights in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment on March 1, 1792. The amendment is one of the least controversial of the Constitution and is rarely litigated. The American Bar Association called it the "runt piglet" of the U.S. Constitution. There were times when the US government probably violated this amendment. These include the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and during World War II in the Aleutian Islands. But as of 2015 it has never been the primary basis of a Supreme Court decision.
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Fourth amendment was adopted in response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant issued by the British government. It was a major source of tension in pre-Revolutionary America. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights. They were proposed in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution.  Congress sent 12 amendments to the states in August of 1789. Of these, 10 were approved by the states. The last state, Virginia ratified the amendments (including the fourth amendment) on December 15, 1791. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment. The Bill of Rights did initially apply to the states. Also, federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history. For these reasons there is little case law for the Fourth Amendment before the 20th century. The amendment was held to apply to the states in "Mapp v. Ohio" (1961). Under the Fourth Amendment, search and seizure (including arrest) should be limited in scope to specific information supplied to the issuing court. This is usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central questions. What government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"? What constitutes probable cause for these actions? How should violations of Fourth Amendment rights be addressed? Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to a law enforcement officer's physical intrusion onto private property. But with "Katz v. United States" (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections, such as the warrant requirement, extend to the privacy of individuals as well as physical locations. Law enforcement officers need a warrant for most search and seizure activities. But the Court has defined a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances,
Royalty is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Chris Brown. It was released on December 18, 2015, by RCA Records. The album serves as the follow-up to his sixth album "X" (2014). The album was dedicated to his daughter, Royalty (born May 27, 2014).
In some countries, resisting arrest is a criminal charge against a person who has ran away from a criminal offense. What they did. A person resisting arrest has done, depending on the jurisdiction, at least one of the following acts: Background. The website "Resisting Arrest" stated that not all arrests are lawful and based upon probable cause. However, an attempt at resisting arrest can lead to additional charges.
In American politics, a front-runner or frontrunner is a leader/most popular in an electoral race. A political front-runner, mainly during the U.S. presidential primary process, is the most likely to be the nominee or the one who leads in the polls. The front-runner is most often declared by the media who are following the race, and is written about in a different style than his or her challengers.
Sick leave is time off from work that workers can use to stay home because they are sick.  Overview. Paid sick leave is a requirement in many nations around the world. Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave.  History. Already in 1500 BC, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-sponsored healthcare. Sick pay. Sick pay is money paid to a person who is not able to work because they are ill. This may come from the business they normally work for, from health insurance, or from social security. To get the money most people will need a sick note from a medical doctor to show that they cannot work. Examples. In the United Kingdom (UK), general practitioners had to give people sick notes since the National Insurance Act 1911. They could get 10 shillings a week Sickness benefit for 26 weeks.
Annual leave is paid time off work given by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes. Depending on the employer's policies, there are different numbers of days off given. It is thought to be a benefit for the employees. Some employees must tell their boss a few days before they go on leave. Most countries around the world have labor laws that mandate employers give a certain number of paid time-off days per year to workers.
The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (; CNAM) is a graduate engineering school in Paris, France. It was created in 1794. Its different programs lead to the following French and European degrees: Classes and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen nationalities participate in the different programs at CNAM.
Marasmus is a form of malnutrition. It happens in people (especially children) who do not get enough food. A healthy person gets energy from eating food, especially foods with protein and fat in them. Because a person with marasmus is not getting enough food, they do not get the energy they need to survive. This is due to deficiency of both proteins and calories. Generally, this disease occurs when there is an immediate second pregnancy or repeated child births. Lean and weak, swelling limbs, less developed muscles, dry skin, diarrhoea, etc., are the signs and symptoms of this disease. Children with marasmus look emaciated (very skinny). This is because their bodies have burned up all of their fat and muscles to make energy. The child's body weight will be less than 60% of a normal child his or her age. Marasmus can be treated. However, about half of children with bad malnutrition die because they cannot get treatment where they live. The word “marasmus” comes from the Greek word μαρασμός "marasmos" (meaning "decay ") Signs and symptoms. Most children with marasmus look shrunken and have lost most of their muscles and body fat. Their bodies try to save as much energy as possible by shutting down the immune system, not growing, and giving less energy to the liver, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal system. This can cause problems like: Other symptoms of marasmus include: Causes. Marasmus is caused by a deficiency (not having enough) of nearly all nutrients, especially protein, carbohydrates, and lipids (fats). Treatment. Marasmus can be treated by giving emergency nutrients and fluids. However, treating the causes of marasmus is not enough. Often, the disease has complications (it causes other problems), like infections, dehydration, and problems with the circulatory system. These complications are very dangerous and often kill children if they are not treated correctly.
A blister agent, or vesicant, is a chemical compound that causes severe pain on the skin, in the eyes, and in the mucus membranes. They can cause severe chemical burns, which then cause painful water blisters, on both the outside and the inside of the body. This is why these chemicals are called "blister agents". Throughout history, blister agents have been used for chemical warfare. Some blister agents are used to treat medical problems - for example, to remove warts. However, they must be used very carefully. If a person accidentally gets even a little bit of the chemical in their mouth, it will cause injury and the person can die. Types of blister agents. There are three major types of blister agents. Mustard agents. Mustard agents are also called "sulfur mustards" or "mustard gas." They are a group of blister agents that have sulfur in them. When they are mixed with other chemicals to be used in chemical warfare, mustard agents are a yellowish-brown color, and smell like mustard plants. This is why they got the name "mustard agents". Throughout history, many different types and mixtures of sulfur mustards have been used. Mustard agents were first used as a chemical weapon by the German Army during World War I. more recently, in September 2015, the United States said that the terrorist group The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) was making and using sulfur mustard in Syria and Iraq. Nitrogen mustards. Nitrogen mustards are similar to sulfur mustards, but they have nitrogen in them instead of sulfur. While some countries stockpiled (gathered a lot of) nitrogen mustards during World War II, nitrogen mustards have never been used as chemical weapons. In fact, today, they are mainly used to treat medical problems. A few nitrogen mustards are too poisonous to be used for anything but chemical weapons. But many others are used as chemotherapy medications to treat cancer. Lewisite. Lewisite was first created in 1904. The United States experimented with using lewisite as a chemical weapon in the 1920s and during World War II. However, lewisite did not work
Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zina (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic law concerning unlawful sexual relations between male and female. Historically, sexual relations with concubines, who are known as “those whom your right hands possess” in the Qur'an, was permissible in Islam. However, most modern Muslims believe that Islam no longer permits concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage. In modern times, the term zina often refers to sexual relations between males and females who are not married to one another through a "nikah", and includes extramarital sex, premarital sex, adultery (consensual, fornication (consensual sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons), and homosexuality (consensual sexual relations between same-sex partners). In the four schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and the two schools of Shi'a fiqh, the term zināʾ is a sin of sexual intercourse that is not allowed by Sharia (Islamic law) and classed as a hudud crime (class of Islamic punishments that are fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be "claims of God"). To prove an act of zina, a qadi (religious judge) in a sharia court relies on an unmarried woman's pregnancy, the confession in the name of Allah, or four witnesses to the actual act of penetration. The last two types of prosecutions are uncommon. Most cases of zina in the history of Islam have been pregnant unmarried women. In some schools of Islamic law, a pregnant woman accused of zina who denies sex was consensual must prove she was raped with four eye-witnesses testifying before the court. This has led to many cases where rape victims have been punished for zina. Pressing charges of zina without required eyewitnesses is considered slander (Qadhf, القذف) in Islam, itself a hudud crime. The above sense of "zina" is not to be confused with the woman's name "Zina" or "Zeina" (زينة). The name has a different linguistic root (
École Polytechnique (EP or "l'X") is a engineering graduate school in France. It is in a campus of Palaiseau (Northern France). Its different curricula lead to the following French &amp; European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed in French and English languages. Students from a lot of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Polytechnique.
Farmington may refer to:  in Canada: in the United Kingdom: in the United States (by state):
Vincent Albert "Buddy" Cianci, Jr. (, ; , ; April 30, 1941 – January 28, 2016,) was an American lawyer, convicted felon, conservative radio talk show host, politician and political commentator. He served as the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island from 1975 to 1984 and again from 1991 to 2002. Cianci was the longest-serving mayor of Providence, and one of the longest-serving "big city" mayors in United States history, having held office for over 21 years. Cianci died of colon cancer in Providence, Rhode Island on January 28, 2016 at the age of 74.
Carlos Matute Loyzaga (August 29, 1930 – January 27, 2016) was a Filipino basketball player and coach. He was born in Manila, Philippine Islands. He was the most dominant basketball player of his era in the Philippines. He was called the greatest Filipino basketball player of all time. Loyzaga was a two-time Olympian (1952, 1956), as a member of the Philippines men's national basketball team. Loyzaga died on January 27, 2016 in San Juan, Metro Manila from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.
Paul Lorin Kantner (March 17, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American guitarist, vocalist, and political activist. He was known for co-founding Jefferson Airplane, a psychedelic rock band of the 1960s and its more commercial spin-off band Jefferson Starship. He was born in San Francisco, California. Kantner died from multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by a heart attack in San Francisco, California on January 28, 2016. He was 74.
Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov (; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist. He was known for his works to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method. He used to work at Lund University in Sweden. He was born in Moscow, Russia. Shirkov died at his home in Dubna, Russia from a heart attack on 23 January 2016 at the age of 87.
The Middle Passage the part of the Atlantic slave trade where African slaves were brought to the Americas on slave ships. Millions of African people were shipped to the Americas over the Middle Passage. Enslaved people were treated so badly on the slave ships that about 15% of them died during the Middle Passage. Even more were killed before they left West and Central Africa, when slave traders were trying to kidnap them and force them onto the slave ships. Historians think that up to two million African people died during the Middle Passage. However, somewhere between 9.4 million and 12 million African people survived the Middle Passage, and arrived in the Americas as slaves. The triangular trade. The transatlantic trade of African people had three different parts. Because of this, it was called "the triangular trade." The Middle Passage got its name because it was the middle part of the triangular trade. The three parts of the Atlantic slave trade were: (1) Europe to West and Central Africa Ships brought weapons, gunpowder, cloth, rum, and manufactured goods from Europe to West and Central Africa. In these regions, these things were traded for African people who had been bought as slaves or kidnapped.  Enslaved African people were brought to the Americas on slave ships. There they were sold as slaves, or traded for raw materials like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which other enslaved people had made. (3) The Americas to Europe These raw materials would be sent to Europe, where they were used to make things. Then the triangular trade would start all over again. For example, cotton would be used to make cloth. That cloth could then be sent to West and Central Africa to trade for more enslaved people. The enslaved peoples' journey. After the kidnapped, enslaved African people were usually forcibly marched to forts along the western coast of Africa. There they were sold to European and European American human traffickers. They might have to wait in these forts, which were like prisons, for months before slave ships arrived. Enslaved people were then packed onto the slave ships. Often, they were packed together as closely as possible. (The famous drawing on the right shows how closely enslaved people were packed together on some slave
Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr. (born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk and rock guitarist. He is best known for his work with Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists. Kaukonen was born in Washington, D.C.. He moved to San Francisco, California in the 1960s and studied at Santa Clara University.
Sciences Po or Institut d'études politiques de Paris is a special university in France. The school is in Paris. It was created in 1872. It is a specialist in the fields of economics, administration, social sciences and politics.
"Work" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is from her eighth studio album, "Anti". The song features Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on March 18, 2016. It was the most heard song for its first day on the over 1,200 stations monitored by Nielsen music. A few hours after its release, it was sent to digital outlets such as iTunes and Google Play Music. Rihanna announced via Twitter that "Work" was the lead single for "Anti". In June 2017, the song was certified sextuple-Platinum in the US for sales and streams equal to six million copies. The song was nominated for Record of the Year and for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017. Chart performance. The song reached number one on the iTunes charts of over 70 countries. "Work" debuted at number 9 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, which made her one of the artists with the fifth-most top-ten singles in "Billboard" history (with 27 top-ten songs), along with singer-songwriters Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, and Elton John. In addition, the song also managed to enter the R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number one. "Work" reached number two in the UK, number five in Australia, and topped the charts in Canada. The song became Rihanna's 14th and Drake's second number-one single on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Rihanna became the artist with the third-most number-one songs in Hot 100 history and the second-most for a female artist. She passed Michael Jackson's record of 13 number-ones and is behind Mariah Carey's 18 chart-toppers and The Beatles' 20 number-one songs. "Work" was the third longest-running number-one song of 2016, with nine weeks at the top of the "Billboard" Hot 100 (The Chainsmokers' "Closer" featuring Halsey has spent 12 weeks at number one, and Drake's "One Dance" has spent ten weeks at the top). The song was later replaced
Slave ships were large cargo ships that had been changed so they could transport slaves.  They were key to the triangular trade. Slave ships brought newly enslaved African people to the Americas. This trip across the Atlantic Ocean was called the Middle Passage.  Between 1526 and 1867, slave ships took around 12.5 million slaves from Africa to the Americas. Conditions were horrible, and around 1.8 million slaves died along the way. This was the deadliest migration in human history. Conditions. Living conditions for slaves on these ships were awful. Men, women and children were crowded into every possible space, leaving no room to move or even breathe. There was little food, fresh water, or fresh air, and the smell was terrible. Sickness was widespread. Sometimes Africans were kept on deck chained together with long chains. Sometimes they would jump overboard, taking every other chained slave with them, to avoid their unknown fate. Many ships kept extra crew members on deck to prevent this from happening. At other times crew members would throw slaves overboard as a warning to other slaves. If the ship was running out of food or water, all the slaves would be killed to save the crew from starving. On average, it took 60 to 90 days to sail across the Atlantic. However, some journeys took up to four months. "Saleable" slaves. Slavers ordered ship captains to deliver only those slaves who could be sold. If a slave was starving, sick, or troublesome they were often thrown overboard into the ocean to drown.  "Zong" massacre. Sometimes, slave ships could get insurance on their slave cargos . But insurance would not pay out for slaves who were sick or starving. However, they "would" pay if the slaves drowned.  In 1781 the slave ship "Zong" was hauling 470 slaves—more than the ship could handle. Many began to get sick, and disease spread. By the time the ship reached the Doldrums, a mid-Atlantic region that at times had no wind, several of the crew had died from diseases. To save themselves, the remaining crew threw 132 dying and sick slaves into the ocean. Another
Gooding County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2020 census, the population was 15,598. Its county seat is Gooding. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, an early 20th Century governor and United States Senator from Idaho. References.
Lost River is a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It had 42 residents at the 2020 census. Geography. Lost River is located at (43.721785, -113.544931). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land and is water. It is named after the Big Lost River.
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil. He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945. His first 15-year long rule is known as the Vargas Era. Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President. He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism. Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist. He committed suicide by shooting himself with a gun, after he was forced by the Brazilian military to resign from the Presidency. In 2014, sixty years after his death, the movie "Getúlio" which depicts the events that ended with his suicide, was made.
Gordon Goody (11 March 1929 – 29 January 2016) was a British criminal and small businessman. He was born in London, England. Goody was known for playing a role in the Great Train Robbery in 1963 that was lead by Bruce Reynolds.Goody was sentenced to 30 years in jail, but was released in 1975. A year after his release, he moved to Spain where he opened a small business as a bar owner. Goody died at his home in Mojácar, Spain from a heart attack on 29 January 2016 at the age of 86.
This page lists census-designated places (CDPs) in the U.S. state of Wyoming. At the 2020 census, there were 106 census-designated places in Wyoming. By county. Twenty-one of Wyoming's twenty-three counties contain census-designated places.
Powell is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 6,419 at the 2020 census.
Albany is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 31 at the 2020 census.
Centennial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 283 at the 2020 census.
Farmington is an unincorporated community in Belmont County, Ohio, United States. History. Farmington was laid out in 1818. A former variant name of Farmington was Cope. A post office called Cope was established in 1874, and operated until 1895.