ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in staining. In a Gram stain test, a counterstain, safranin, is added after the crystal violet. This colours all gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink colour. This happens because an outer membrane stops the penetration of the stain. The test itself is useful in classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their bacterial cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolourizing solution. Compared with gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria are more resistant against antibiotics, because of their relatively impermeable cell wall. The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS layer) is important. In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response, with cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of cytokine production.
Västerås is a town in the county of Västmanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Västerås Municipality. The clothing company H&amp;M started in Västerås in 1947.
Kalmar is a town on the coast of Småland in south-eastern Sweden. Kalmar is the central city of Kalmar Municipality, the seat of Kalmar County and the former diocese of Kalmar diocese (which became part of Växjö diocese in 1915). Kalmar got a college in 1977 and a university city in 2010. Kalmar's central city had 41 388 inhabitants in 2020. Kalmar is Småland's third largest urban centre after Jönköping and Växjö.  The Kalmar Union of the various Scandinavian states was so named because it was started there in 1397. Etymology. The Old Swedish place name Kalmarnir or Kalmarnar contains the joint kalm, 'stone cairn' and the plural form arnar of arin, 'gravel island'. The name may have referred at the earliest to the area of Stensö (Stone Island) just south of the town. Kalmar had a large German population in the Middle Ages and possibly influenced by the name of the German town Wismar (from the wisa and mara, both meaning 'swamp') a reduction of the suffix may have taken place. An older piece evidence than the one mentioned is Kalmarna sutuma, 'Kalmarsund' on a rune stone from the 11th century at Ärja ödekyrka in Åkers sn. Södermanland. The name Calmar had long had the genitive form Calmare. Even in the so-called Kalmarvisan it is spoken of as "Kalmare town". A 17th-century ship known from early Swedish emigration history was called Calmare Nyckel, a name that still occurs in various contexts. In today's Standard Swedish, place names ending in a vowel do not receive the genitive s in established fixed compounds, while place names ending in a consonant do. The genitive-e in the word Kalmar, which has been removed today, explains why the grammatical form of the name violates this rule. It is thus "Kalmar län",
Halmstad is a town in the county of Halland in Sweden. It is the seat of Halmstad Municipality. Halmstad is the home of successful sports clubs like Halmstads BK and IS Halmia (association football) and HK Drott (team handball). Swedish pop star Basshunter and Gyllene Tider also comes from Halmstad.
Örnsköldsvik is a town in the county of Västernorrland in Sweden. It is the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality. In 1976, the Paralympic Winter Games were held in Örnsköldsvik. Swedish ice hockey club Modo Hockey also belongs here.
Kiruna is a town in the county of Norrbotten in Sweden. It is the seat of Kiruna Municipality. Kiruna was founded in 1900 as a mining community.
Mike Plotcheck (born December 27, 1965) better known by his ring names, Bart Gunn and Mike Barton, is an American former professional wrestler and mixed martial artist. Career. Plotcheck is known for competing in the World Wrestling Federation for 6 years. During that time, he formed The Smokin' Gunns with his kayfabe brother Billy Gunn. He also feuded with Billy Gunn when the team broke up. He was also a member of the tag team The Midnight Express and competed under the name "Bodacious Bart" along with "Bombastic" Bob Holly. Plotcheck won the WWF's shoot boxing tournament, the Brawl for All in 1998 when he defeated his tag team partner Bob Holly in the first round, Steve Williams in the second round, The Godfather in the semi-finals, and Bradshaw in the finals. Plotcheck also faced boxer Eric "Butterbean" Esch at WrestleMania XV but was knocked out in 30 seconds. He was released from the WWF a short time after. He then competed for All Japan Pro Wrestling from 1998 to 2002 where he had a successful tenure. He left AJPW to wrestle for New Japan Pro Wrestling in 2002. He left in 2004. Plotcheck decided to start a mixed martial arts career and debuted on June 17, 2006. He defeated Wesley "Cabbage" Correira at Rumble On The Rock: Beatdown in less than two minutes by technical knockout because of a cut that Correir suffered during the bout. In his second fight he faced Ikuhisa "The Punk" Minowa at PRIDE Bushido 13 and lost by unanimous decision. Championships. Plotcheck held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Karlskrona is a town in the county of Blekinge in Sweden. It is the seat of Karlskrona Municipality. The city name means "Karl's Crown" in honour of King Karl XI of Sweden. The city was founded in 1680, when the Royal Swedish Navy was moved from the Stockholm area to Trossö island. The Naval Port in the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Vadstena is a town in the county of Östergötland in Sweden. It is the seat of Vadstena Municipality. Back in the Middle Ages, the town housed a Catholic monastery, which was closed in the 16th century, when Sweden turned towards Martin Luther's Protestantism. In the 20th century, the monastery was re-opened.
Nässjö is a town in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. It is the seat of Nässjö Municipality. The town is a famous railway junction.
Christopher Michael Hewett (5 April 1921 – 3 August 2001) was an English actor and theatre director best known for his role as Lynn Aloysius Belvedere in the American television sitcom "Mr. Belvedere". Hewett was born on 5 April 1921 in Worthing, Sussex, England. He is of Irish descent. Hewett studied at Beaumont College. Hewett was never married and had no children. During his later years, he suffered from arthritis and diabetes. Hewett died on 3 August 2001, at his Los Angeles home from complications of diabetes. He was 80 years old.
The Church of Sweden (), is a Lutheran-Protestant Christian denomination in Sweden. The denomination was established in the 16th century, when Sweden converted from Catholicism to Protestantism, and became the Swedish state church. As the 19th and 20th centuries progressed, it moved towards a more liberal theology and ecumenism. In late August 1995, the Swedish government and the Church of Sweden decided to go separate ways from 1 January 2000. The denomination mostly practices infant baptism. Female priests were allowed in 1958, and in 1997, Christina Odenberg was appointed the denomination's first female bishop (diocese of Lund). In June 2014, Antje Jackelén became the denomination's first female archbishop (diocese of Uppsala).
Eden Riegel (born January 1, 1981) is an American actress. She acts mostly in television programs. She played Bianca Montgomery in the ABC soap opera "All My Children". She played Heather in "The Young and the Restless". Riegel was born in Washington, D.C.
Elizabeth Tulloch is an American actress. She acts in movies and television programs. She starred as Jackie in the independent movie "Caroline and Jackie". Tulloch also played as Nadine in "Lakeview Terrace", a crime movie from 2009. She plays Juliet in "Grimm". Tulloch was born in San Diego. She grew up in Spain and South America.
Nora Angela Zehetner (born February 5, 1981) is an American actress. She has acted in several notable movies. She acted in the movie "American Pie 2" as a Party Girl. She also played Laura in the 2005 movie "Brick". Zehetner was born in El Paso, Texas.
Shannon Elizabeth Fadal (or just simply Shannon Elizabeth; September 11, 1973) is an American actress. She has been in movies such as "American Pie," "Love Actually", and Mr Bean's Holiday. She has also starred in sitcoms such as "That '70s Show". Elizabeth was born in Houston, Texas. She grew up around Waco.
Valerie Perrine (September 3, 1943 – October 10, 2024) was an American model and actress. She has been nominated for Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards. She played Marcy, the wife of a corrupt policeman, in the 1982 movie "The Border". She played Miss Eve Teschmacher in certain Superman movies, and Mona in "Boiling Point", a 1993 thriller movie. Perrine was born in Galveston, Texas.
Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and a television director. She has gotten four Academy Award nominations. She played Janice Templeton in the 1977 movie "Audrey Rose". She played Polly Cronin in 1991 in "Drop Dead Fred". Mason was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
Freeform (formerly ABC Family) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel. It is owned by ABC Family Worldwide Inc. This is part of the Disney-ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company. The channel usually shows modern family programs which are aimed for everyone. However, their shows and movies are aimed at teenage girls and young women (age 15-30). Freeform also offers other shows from other channels. Freeform was founded in 1977. It was first an extension of Pat Robertson's Christian television ministry. It later became The Family Channel in 1990. In 1998, it was sold to Fox Kids. They renamed the channel Fox Family. On October 24, 2001, Fox Family Channel and Fox Family Worldwide were sold to The Walt Disney Company.
Jean-Luc Bilodeau (born November 4, 1990) is a Canadian actor. He has been acting since 2004.  Career. He is best known for his role as Josh Trager in the ABC Family channel program "Kyle XY". Bilodeau also appeared in many movies and television shows. These include, "Ill Fated", "Trick 'r Treat", "16 Wishes", "No Ordinary Family" and "Best Player". He appeared in Emmalyn Estrada's music video "Don't Make Me Let You Go". He played Jeremy in the movie "LOL".  He currently stars in the ABC Family sitcom, "Baby Daddy".
The Galician Wikipedia (; also called Galipedia) is the Galician-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in March 2003. As of October 2015, it is the 45th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles. As of July 2013, it has over 103,000 articles.
Marcia Karen Wallace (November 1, 1942 – October 25, 2013) was an American actress and comedian. She usually performed in television sitcoms. She played receptionist Carol Kester in the 1970s sitcom "The Bob Newhart Show". She also performed the voice of Edna Krabappel in "The Simpsons", "The Powerpuff Girls".  Wallace was born in Creston, Iowa on November 1 1942. She studied at Parsons College. Wallace was married to Dennis Hawley from 1986 until his death in 1992. They adopted one son, Michael Hawley. She battled breast cancer until her death. Wallace died on 25 October 2013 in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia, aged 70.
Alfred Thambirajah Duraiappah (died 27 July 1975) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was a Member of Parliament and mayor of Jaffna. He was assassinated by the Tamil Tigers. First political murder. Alfred Duraiappah was a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He became a Member of Parliament and mayor of Jaffna. He was murdered by the Tamil Tiger leader Velupillai Prabhakaran in July 1975. Duraiappah was killed on his way to a Hindu temple for prayers, although he himself was a Christian. His tenure and Jaffna prosperity. His term as the mayor of a neglected city. Roads and stadiums were built, and jobs were created. His period of office also saw benefits for Jaffna farmers, as the prices of agriculture grew, possibly because the government policies taking control at the time was beneficial.
The Basque Wikipedia (Euskarazko Wikipedia or "Euskal Wikipedia" in Basque) is the Basque-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2001. It is the 34th largest edition. As of July 2013, it has over 152,000 articles.
16 Wishes is a 2010 Canadian-American television movie. It stars Debby Ryan and Jean-Luc Bilodeau. It was first shown on Disney Channel on June 25, 2010. It later appeared on July 16, 2010 on the Family Channel. "16 Wishes" introduced Ryan to a new audience. The movie was very popular among adults. The movie was the second most watched program on cable that week. The movie was the second none "Original Movie" to be released on the Disney Channel in 2010. This was after, "". However, it was co-produced between Disney Channel, Family and Canadian production company Marvista Entertainment. In other countries, "16 Wishes" is mentioned as a Disney Channel Original Movie. It was planned to have its UK premiere on November 19, 2010 on Disney Channel UK. However, it was replaced with "Starstruck". This movie had been shown before in May. "16 Wishes" premiered in the UK in December 2010. Soundtrack. 16 Wishes is a soundtrack album by the film of the same name, released on June 15, 2010 by Marvista Entertainment.
The Uzbek Wikipedia () is the Uzbek-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2003. As of October 2015, it is the 44th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles. As of July 2013, it has over 127,000 articles.
Shaun T (born May 2, 1978), is an American motivational speaker, fitness trainer, fitness motivator, businessman, television personality and choreographer. He is best known for his home fitness programs for adults and children which include T25, Insanity and Hip-Hop Abs. Life and career. Shaun T was raised in Deptford, New Jersey. He grew up playing football, baseball and running track. He attended Rowan University where he received his bachelor's degree in Sports Science and minored in Theater/Dance. While there, he was initiated into Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. After gaining 50 pounds in his freshman year of college, Shaun T became interested in fitness and changed his course of study. He now lives in Phoenix, Arizona. His career began as a health and fitness specialist. He also became a personal trainer and health program manager at Wyeth and also worked at a number of fitness chains, including Equinox Fitness. Shaun T began dancing in college, at 21 years old. He was required to teach an aerobics class which was part of his Sports Science degree and then became an aerobics instructor. After graduating from Rowan University, he moved to Los Angeles where he worked as a choreographer, dancer and trainer. His first professional work as a dancer was for Mariah Carey. Shaun T was teaching a fitness class at Equinox Fitness where he was approached by representatives of Beachbody and asked him to submit a demo for a workout video. Shaun T has been openly gay since October 2012 and is married to Scott Blokker. Home fitness programs. Insanity. Carl Daikeler and Jon Congdon launched the Beachbody fitness company in 1998. They were looking for new fitness workout home videos. They approached Shaun T who submitted a demo which would later be called "Insanity", released in 2009. It was termed "the hardest workout put on DVD". It was sold through TV ads. Because of the difficulty of the workout and its popularity, Shaun T has been a guest on "The Oprah Winfrey Show", "The Tyra Banks Show", "Doctors" and the "Dr. Oz Show". Hip-Hop Abs. Shaun T's first work for Beachbody, Hip Hop Abs was released in 2003. In 2007, it was the top-selling workout video in the United States.
Helen Marguerite Clark (February 22, 1883 – September 25, 1940) was an American actress. She acted in silent movies and on stage. She played Gretchen in the 1915 movie "The Goose Girl". She also played Mici in "The Seven Sisters", another movie from 1915. Clark was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She died from pneumonia in New York City at fifty-seven.
The Armenian Wikipedia ( "Vīkīpedyā" or Վիքիպեդիա Ազատ հանրագիտարան "Wīkīpedyā Azat Hanragitaran") is the Armenian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in February 2003. As of October 2015, it is the 38th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles. , it has over 292,000 articles.
"No Scrubs" is a Grammy Award-winning song. It was recorded by American contemporary R&amp;B girl group TLC. It was for their album, "FanMail". It was released on February 2, 1999 as the lead single. "No Scrubs" became TLC's third number-one single and eighth top-ten single on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. It also earned them their second Grammy nomination for Record of the Year. It was certified gold in the US for sales of over 500,000 copies. It was the second-best performing song of 1999 in the US, behind Cher's "Believe". English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran credited the writers of "No Scrubs" when he used a sample of the song in his 2017 single, "Shape of You". Track listings. US CD and cassette single US 12-inch single International maxi single European 12-inch single UK CD1 UK CD2 French CD single Credits and personnel. Credits adapted from the back cover of "No Scrubs". Production Executive producers Artwork
Agnes Teresa McGlade (also known as Una O'Connor; 23 October 1880 – 4 February 1959) was an Irish actress. She acted almost exclusively in stage plays before becoming a character actress in movies. She worked across Ireland and England as a stage actress for many years. Her plays included "The Starlight Express". She was also in the 1930 movie "Murder!", an Alfred Hitchcock movie. O'Connor was born in Belfast. She died from heart disease at age 78 in New York City.
"Unpretty" is a song by American girl group TLC. It was produced by Dallas Austin. It was co-written by Austin and TLC member Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins. It was for the band's third album, "FanMail" (1999). The song was based on a poem of the same name written by Watkins. It was about a woman's struggle with her self-image. It talked about the concept of beauty portrayed in the media. Austin helped Watkins to help the song become an empowerment for women who do not think they are beautiful enough. "Unpretty" was the second single released from "FanMail". It became the group's fourth US number one single on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It spent three weeks at number one. It was considered a success by music critics. It was nominated for Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 42nd annual Grammy Awards. A remixed version of the song was released.
The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American comedy movie. It was produced by singer and actress Whitney Houston. It was directed by Garry Marshall. It is based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. The movie stars Anne Hathaway as Mia Thermopolis. She is a teenager who discover that she is the heir of the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia. Genovia is ruled by her grandmother Queen Dowager Clarisse Renaldi, played by Julie Andrews. It also stars Heather Matarazzo as Mia’s best friend Lilly Moscovitz and Héctor Elizondo as Joseph, the Queen's Head of Security, and Robert Schwartzman as Lilly's brother Michael, who has a crush on Mia. The movie was released in North American theaters on August 3, 2001. The movie peaked at number three in the box office. The movie was very successful. It grossed $165,335,153 worldwide. A sequel, "The Princess Diaries 2", was released in August 2004. Plot. Shy high school student Mia Thermopolis resides with her single mother, Helen, in a refurbished firehouse in San Francisco. Unpopular among her peers, Mia suffers from a fear of public speaking while harboring a crush on Josh Bryant, and is often teased by his popular girlfriend Lana Thomas. Mia's only friends are social outcast Lilly Moscovitz, and Lilly's older brother Michael, who secretly harbors feelings for her. Mia learns from her estranged paternal grandmother, Clarisse, that she is the sole heir to the European kingdom of Genovia, having inherited the throne from her recently deceased father Philippe. Clarisse is determined to groom Mia into a refined princess so she may one day rule the kingdom over which Clarisse currently presides. Overwhelmed by the discovery, Mia initially refuses until Helen convinces her to attend her grandmother's "princess lessons" on the condition that she needs not make her final decision until the Genovian Independence Day Ball in three weeks' time. Mia receives a glamorous makeover and a limousine chauffeured by Joe, the queen's head of security and confid
Laurette Taylor (born Loretta Helen Cooney; April 1, 1883 – December 7, 1946) was an American actress. She acted in silent movies and on stage. She acted in plays, including "Peg o' My Heart", "The Bird of Paradise" and "Lola Lola". She also performed in many movies. Those movies included "One Night in Rome". Taylor was born in New York City. She died there from heart conditions at age sixty-three.
Roberto Clemente Walker (August 18, 1934–December 31, 1972) was a Puerto Rican baseball player.  He played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played right field for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 through 1972. Clemente's career was cut short by his death in a plane crash off the coast of his homeland of Puerto Rico. The flight was planned to deliver emergency supplies to victims of an earthquake in Nicaragua. 12345678910 Early life. Clemente was the first Latin American elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He and Lou Gehrig are the only Hall of Fame members that did not have the five-year waiting period. However, the rules for election were different in Gehrig's day.  Career. He was eligible when he retired in 1939, and the Baseball Writers' Association of America(BBWAA), which then as now is the main body for electing players, chose to hold a special election specifically to elect him. (This was probably because Gehrig was known to be dying, and the voters wanted to elect him while he was still alive.)  After Clemente's death, the BBWAA made an exception to its five-year waiting period for Clemente. The exception made for Clemente is now a rule—a player who dies while active, or within five years of his retirement, becomes eligible for election six months after his death (provided he has played at least 10 years in Major League Baseball).  Clemente did a lot of charity work, especially in Latin American countries; as noted above, he died on a charity mission to Latin America. Each year the MLB gives the Roberto Clemente Award. This award is for the player who best follows Clemente's example with charity work.  In 1973, Clemente was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and the first Presidential Citizens Medal. On August 17, 1984 the United States Postal Service issued a postage stamp honoring Clemente. This was the day before what would have been his 50th birthday. Personal life. On November 10, 2350, Clemente married Vera Zabala at San Fernando Church in Carolina. The couple had three children: Roberto, Jr., born in 1965, Luis Roberto, born in 1966, and Enrique Roberto, born in 1969. His Major League Debut Was In Pittsburgh Pirates
Mamie Smith (born Mamie Robinson; May 26, 1883 – September 16, 1946) was an American vaudeville singer, dancer and pianist. She appeared in several movies. She performed many musical genres, including blues and jazz. She became the first African American singer to make vocal blues recordings in the early 1920s. Her movies included "Jailhouse Blues" in 1929 and "Paradise in Harlem" ten years after that. Smith was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She died at age sixty-three in 1946.
South Pacific is a musical. It is based on two short stories from James A. Michener's 1947 book, "Tales of the South Pacific". The musical's book was written by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan. The lyrics were written by Hammerstein. The music was written by Richard Rodgers. The musical won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the Tony Award for Best Musical. "South Pacific" opened on Broadway on 7 April 1949 at the Majestic Theatre, and closed on 16 January 1954 after 1925 performances. It starred Mary Martin and Ezio Pinza.  "South Pacific" opened on the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 1 November 1951. The musical was adapted to a Twentieth Century-Fox movie in 1958 starring Mitzi Gaynor and Rosanno Brazzi.