ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Avril Ramona Lavigne (born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven and punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s. Early life. Lavigne grew up in Ontario. At the age of 14, she began writing her own music and performing at country fairs. Her first song "Can't Stop Thinking About You" was about a teenage crush, which she described as "cheesy cute". By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain. By 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million. Music career. 2002–2003: "Let Go". In June 2002, Lavigne began with the release of her first album "Let Go" and a music video for the first single "Complicated". In the US, it reached number two on the "Billboard" 200 chart and was credited as the biggest pop debut of 2002. At 17 years old, Lavigne was the youngest female soloist to have a number-one album on the UK Albums Chart. She was nominated for five Grammy Awards. "Complicated, Sk8r Boi" and "I'm With You" were all number one songs on the "Billboard" Mainstream Top 40. The album certified seven times Platinum in the United States.  2004–2005: "Under My Skin". "Under My Skin", was released in May 2004. The album debuted at number one in Australia, Mexico, Canada, Japan, UK, and U.S. The singles from the album were "Don't Tell Me", "My Happy Ending", "Nobody's Home" and "He Wasn't". Lavigne was awarded for "World's Best Pop/Rock Artist" and "World's Bestselling Canadian Artist" at the 2004 World Music Awards. She received five Juno Award nominations in 2005, and won three of them, including "Artist of the Year". "2006
Doctor Hannibal Lecter is a fictional serial killer. He is a character in books by the crime drama writer Thomas Harris. Several of these books have been made into movies. Lecter was also the main character in an NBC television show called "Hannibal".  Lecter himself. Lecter is a cannibal, meaning that he eats people. He is also highly intelligent, so that he can talk to people in a way that makes them afraid or disturbed. He employs this unusual technique most famously in "The Silence of the Lambs", a novel featuring him that was made into a movie starring Anthony Hopkins as Lecter. The movie became very popular, and won many awards. Lecter is Lithuanian. He is cultured, and his reasons for killing people are often that he thinks they are annoying, rude or corrupt. He is a psychopath, a predator who does not feel empathy. Thus, he feels no guilt about his actions. "Manhunter" (movie, 1986) Brian Cox as Lecktor (an unexplained name change), William Petersen as Will Graham and Dennis Farina as Jack Crawford. "Red Dragon" (movie, 2002) Anthony Hopkins as Lecter, Ralph Fiennes as the killer, Edward Norton as Will Graham and Harvey Keitel as Jack Crawford. "Silence of the Lambs" (movie, 1991) Hopkins as Lecter, Jodie Foster as Clarice Starling, Scott Glen as Jack Crawford and Ted Levine as the killer. Five major Academy Awards. "Hannibal" (movie, 2001) Hopkins as Lecter, Gary Oldman as the killer, Julianne Moore as Clarice Starling, Ray Liotta as Paul Krendler and Giancarlo Giannini as Chief Inspector Rinaldo Pazzi. "Hannibal Rising" (movie, 2007) Gaspard Ulliel as young Hannibal and Gong Li as Lady Murasaki. She, his aunt, becomes his companion. Intended as a 'prequel' to the series, it portrays the early life of Hannibal, and how he became a killer. History of the character. "Red Dragon". Thomas
Asunción (full name: Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción), is the capital city and largest city of Paraguay. The city has more than 1.2 million inhabitants, and the metropolitan area has more than 1.8 million inhabitants. It is on the left bank of the Paraguay River and is the main seaport of Paraguay. The Spanish word "asunción" means "assumption" in English. It refers to the Assumption of Mary; the full name means "Our Lady, Holy Mary of the Assumption".
Predestination is a religious concept, which is about the relationship between God and His creation. The religious character of predestination distinguishes it from other ideas about determinism and free will. Those who believe in predestination, such as John Calvin, believe that before the creation God determined the destiny of the universe throughout all of time and space. They believe that God orders some people to Heaven, and all other people will go to Hell because of their sins. This is determined before they even are born. Definition: predestination is the divine foreordaining or foreknowledge of all that will happen. It applies to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of John Calvin.
A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American slasher movie. It was directed by Wes Craven and released to movie theaters by Warner Bros. It is about five teenagers who are followed in their dreams by the ghost of serial killer Freddy Krueger, played by Robert Englund. It also stars John Saxon as Lt. Donald Thompson. Actor Johnny Depp had his first movie role in "A Nightmare on Elm Street". It is the first in the "A Nightmare on Elm Street movie series". The next movie in the series is "".
Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of "gladius", a sword) is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). Sometimes called the sword lily, the most widely-used English common name for these plants is simply gladiolus (plural gladioli, gladioluses or sometimes gladiolas). Description. The genus "Gladiolus" contains about 260 species, of which 250 are native to sub-Saharan Africa, mostly South Africa. About 10 species are native to Eurasia. There are 160 species of "Gladiolus" endemic in southern Africa and 76 in tropical Africa. The species vary from very small to the spectacular giant flower spikes in commerce. These attractive, perennial herbs are semihardy in temperate climates. They grow from rounded, symmetrical corms, that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics. Their stems are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved leaves, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a cataphyll. The leaf blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section. The fragrant flower spikes are large and one-sided, with secund, bisexual flowers, each subtended by 2 leathery, green bracts. The sepals and the petals are almost identical in appearance, and are termed tepals. They are united at their base into a tube-shaped structure. The dorsal tepal is the largest, arching over the three stamens. The outer three tepals are narrower. The perianth is funnel-shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The style has three filiform, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex. The ovary is 3-locular with oblong or globose capsules, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent seeds. In their center must be noticeable the specific pellet like structure which is the real seed without the fine coat. In some seeds this structure is wrinkled and with black color. These seeds are unable to germinate. These flowers are various
The sugar glider ("Petaurus breviceps") is a small marsupial originally native to eastern and northern mainland Australia, New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago, and introduced to Tasmania. It is called a sugar glider because it likes to feed on the sugary sap from certain trees, and can jump from trees and glide through the air to another tree. They live in trees, and rarely travel on the ground. They eat many foods, but mostly tree sap and insects. They look and act much like a flying squirrel, but they are not related. Sugar gliders are actually related to possums As pets. Around the world, people very cruelly keep the sugar glider as a domestic pet. It is one of the most commonly traded wild animals in the illegal pet trade, where animals are plucked directly from their natural habitats.  In Australia, sugar gliders can be kept in Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory but not Western Australia, New South Wales, ACT or Tasmania. Sugar gliders are most popular as pets in the United States, where they are bred in large numbers. Most states and cities allow sugar gliders as pets, with some exceptions. In some places, a license or permit might be needed to own a sugar glider, because they are very dangerous as an exotic pet or wild animal. Diet. Their dietary requirements can be hard to meet, which gives another reason as to why they should not be kept as pets. Sugar gliders mostly eat the sap and gum of trees. At times they will also have insects, nectar, and fruits. The adequate diet of a sugar glider should consist of 75% fruits, and 25% of vegetable and insects.
The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea. History. The first inhabitants of the archipelago arrived around 33,000 years ago after they sailed from what is now Papua New Guinea. Later arrivals included the Lapita people. The first European to visit the islands was the Dutch explorer Willem Schouten in 1616. The islands remained unsettled by Western Europeans until they became part of the German protectorate of German New Guinea in 1884. The area was named after German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. On 13 March 1888, a volcano erupted on Ritter Island causing a megatsunami. Almost all of the volcano fell into the ocean, which left a small lake in the volcanic crater. Afer the outbreak of World War I, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force seized the islands in 1914 and Australia later received a League of Nations mandate for the islands. They remained under Australian control (interrupted only by the Japanese occupation during World War II) until Papua New Guinea became independent in 1975.
In common law legal systems, a precedent or authority is a legal case that establishes a principle or rule. This principle or rule is then used by the court or other judicial bodies use when deciding later cases with similar issues or facts. The use of precedent provides predictability, stability, fairness, and efficiency in the law. The Latin term stare decisis is the doctrine of legal precedent.  The precedent on an issue is the body of judicially announced principles that a court should consider when interpreting the law. When a precedent establishes an important legal principle, or represents new or changed law on a particular issue, that precedent is often known as a landmark decision. Precedent is central to legal analysis and rulings in countries that follow common law like the United Kingdom and Canada (except Quebec). In some systems precedent is not binding but is taken into account by the courts. Types of precedent. Binding precedent. Precedent that must be applied or followed is known as "binding precedent" (alternately "mandatory precedent", "mandatory" or "binding authority", etc.). Under the doctrine of "stare decisis", a lower court must honor the findings of law made by a higher court that is within the appeals path of cases the court hears. By definition decisions of lower courts are not binding on each other or any courts higher in the system, nor are appeals court decisions binding on each other or on local courts that fall under a different appeals court. Courts must follow their own proclamations of law made earlier on other cases, and honor rulings made by other courts in disputes among the parties before them pertaining to the same pattern of facts or events, unless they have a strong reason to change these rulings. One law professor has described mandatory precedent as follows: Given a determination as to the governing jurisdiction, a court is "bound" to follow a precedent of that jurisdiction only if it is directly in point. In the strongest sense, "directly in point" means that: (1) the question resolved in the precedent case is the same as the question to be resolved in the pending case, (2) resolution of that question was necessary to disposition of the precedent case; (3) the significant facts of the precedent case are also
"For the North American Ford Escort, see Ford Escort (North America). For the 1950s Ford Escort estate car, see Ford Squire. The European Ford Escort was a car made by the Ford Motor Company from 1968 to 2002. Ford Escort 100E (1955–1961). The "Ford Escort" name was first used for the Ford Squire, a 1950s estate-car version of the British Ford Anglia 100E. First generation (1967–1975). The first generation Ford Escort Mark I was launched at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1967. It was built from from 1968 to 1975. It replaced the successful, long-running Anglia. In 1968, a estate version and van version was made. Second generation (1974–1980). The second generation Ford Escort Mark II was made from 1974 to 1980. The estate, Escort Van and sports models (Escort RS2000) were also made. Third generation (1980–1986). The third generation Ford Escort Mark III was made from 1980 to 1986, The estate, Escort Van and sports models (XR3, XR3i and RS Turbo) were also made. Fourth generation (1986–1992). The fourth generation Ford Escort Mark IV was launched in March 1986 and was made until 1990.  The estate, Escort Van and sports model XR3i were also made.  Fifth generation (1990–1997). The fifth generation Ford Escort Mark V was launched in September 1990 and was made until 1998. The Estate, Escort Van and sport models; XR3i, RS2000 and RS Cosworth were also made. In 1993, all models was improved with new front headlights, rear lights, new bonnet and new bumpers. Sixth generation (1995–2002). The sixth generation Ford Escort Mark IV was launched in September 1995 and was made until 2002. The estate, Escort Van and sports model; RS2000 were also made.
The Ford Fiesta is a subcompact car made by Ford Motor Company from 1976 to 2023. Until 1986, it was the smallest Ford vehicle until the arrival of the Festiva (a car made by Ford in a joint-venture with Mazda and Kia in markets where the Fiesta wasn't sold).  The first generation was made from 1976 to 1983 and was sold in the US from 1978 to 1980, the second generation was made from 1983 to 1989 although this version is a heavily updated first generation car, it was unusual in offering 2 different dashboard designs for basic and higher-end models of it.  The third generation arrived in early 1989 and was the first Fiesta to be sold with 5-doors alongside 3, it received updates in 1992, 1994 and 1995 when it became the Fiesta Classic, selling with the newer fourth generation car until production ended in early 1997. The fourth generation arrived in late 1995 and gained a rebadged version called the Mazda 121 in early 1996, although it wasn't as popular as the Fiesta itself, it was facelifted in late 1999 and was made until 2002 when UK production of it ended.  The fifth generation arrived in Spring 2002, it was facelifted in late 2005 with new colours and interior and was produced until 2008. The sixth generation Fiesta arrived in late 2008 and is sold more globally than previous generations including the US where it arrived in Spring 2010 as a 2011 model. It was facelifted in early 2013 and as a 2014 model for the US, it was sold there until 2019. The seventh generation Fiesta arrived in July 2017 with a facelift in late 2021 and the 3-door model axed in 2022.  Ford ended production of the Fiesta on 7 July 2023 because of their expanding SUV lineup. Generations. This shows how the Ford Fiesta has changed each generation.
"For the Ford Fusion sold in the Americas, see Ford Fusion (Americas)." The European Ford Fusion was a car made by Ford Motor Company from 2002 to 2012 with a facelift in late 2005. It was sold in Europe and India. It was replaced with the B-Max in 2012.
The Ford Galaxy is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 to the present day. The original model was made by Volkswagen. It was also sold as the Volkswagen Sharan and Seat Alhambra. It got a facelift in 2000. It was redesigned in 2006 made by Ford themselves. The third generation was unveiled in 2014.  As of 2014 there have been three generations. It was discontinued with the Ford S-Max in 2023.
Kilkenny () is the county town (seat) of County Kilkenny in Ireland. It is on both banks of the River Nore, at the centre of County Kilkenny in the historic province of Leinster in the south-east of the country. Kilkenny City is administered by a borough council and has a Mayor form of government. The majority of the population of Kilkenny City live outside the borough boundary. It is the smallest city in the country, with only 25,000 people living there. From being founded by the church, Kilkenny was the ancient capital of the kingdom of Ossory. The town was established, then a city, in 1609 by royal charter. Kilkenny was the capital of Confederate Ireland between 1642 and 1649. The seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cashel and Ossory are in Kilkenny. Kilkenny is famous for its medieval building and castle. The town has been referred to as the "Marble City" for centuries. People from Kilkenny are often referred to as 'Cats'.
Ford Transit is a van made by Ford Motor Company from 1965 to the present day. It is currently in its fourth generation. Taunus Transit (1953–1965). From 1953 to 1961, Ford made a van called the FK 1000. From 1961 to 1965, Ford made a van called the Taunus Transit (also called the Transit Mark 1. It was the same van as the FK 1000 but with a bigger engine. It was the first van to wear the Transit badge. First generation (1965–1986). The first generation Transit (called Transit Mark 2) was made in October 1965. In 1977, It was improved. It had new front headlamps, new rear lights, new grille, new front and rear bumpers and a new bonnet. Second generation (1986–2000). The second generation Transit was launched in January 1986. In 1992, It was improved. It had new front headlamps, new grille new front and rear bumpers and a new bonnet. In 1994, It was improved. It had new front headlamps, new grille new front and rear bumpers and a new bonnet. Third generation (2000–2014). The third generation Transit was made in July 2000. In 2006, It was improved. It had new front headlamps, new rear lights, new grille, new front and rear bumpers and a new bonnet. Fourth generation (2013–present). The fourth generation Transit was launched in January 2013 at the 2013 North American (Detroit) International Auto Show. In 2020, It was improved. It had a new grille and the engine was improved. Ford Transit Connect. Ford Transit Connect is a compact van made by Ford Motor Company from 2002 to the present day. Ford Transit Custom. Ford Transit Custom is a mid-sized, front wheel drive van made by Ford Motor Company from 2012 to the present day. Ford Tourneo. Ford Tourneo is a leisure vehicle made by Ford Motor Company from 1995 to the present day. The leisure version of the Transit Connect is called the Tourneo Connect The leisure version of the Transit Custom is called the Tourneo Custom.
Citroën XM was a car produced by Citroën from 1989 to 2000. It originally launched as a 5-door hatchback in May 1989 and an estate was added in late 1991. It received a facelift in July 1994 but sales were never strong and got worse later in its life and the XM was discontinued in June 2000.  C6. Citroën hoped that the C6 would replace the XM after its discontinuation in 2000. However, the first C6 did not roll off the production line until 2006.
The Gaeltacht Quarter in Belfast, Northern Ireland, is an area around the Falls Road in the west of the city. A Gaeltacht is an area where the Irish language is most often spoken. The area aims to bring interest to the Irish language and tourist attractions related to it, as well as Irish culture. Plans for a gaeltacht quarter in Belfast began in 2002, as a recommendation of the Joint West Belfast/Greater Shankill Task Force. The plan was then adopted by the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and Belfast City Council. Important areas and events in the quarter include the An Cúlturlann arts centre, Conway Mill and the Féile an Phobail.
The central area of Belfast has been divided into seven Quarters related to its history: The Quarters do not evenly divide the city into four parts, and not all of Belfast's city centre is part of a Quarter. Instead, each Quarter has something important in its history and locale. The "Quarter" names were given in 2001.
The Citroën Berlingo is vans and leisure activity vehicles made by Citroën from 1996 to the present day. It is made in cooperation with Peugeot. Peugeot make the same vehicle but with a different name, it is called Peugeot Partner. First generation (1996–2012). Citroën made the first generation Berlingo I in 1996. Peugeot made the same vehicle in 1996 but with a different name, the name was: Peugeot Partner I. In 2004, the model was improved at the front, It had a new bumper, bonnet, and headlamps. Second generation (2008–2018). The second generation Citroën Berlingo II was made in 2012. Peugeot made the same model in 2008 but with a different name, the name was: Peugeot Partner II. Citroën and Peugeot also made leisure activity vehicles; the names were: Citroën Berlingo Multispace and Peugeot Partner Tepee. In 2012 and 2015, Citroën and Peugeot improved the van and leisure vehicle, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps and breaklights. Third generation (2018–present). The third generation Citroën Berlingo III has been made from March 2018 to the present day. Peugeot, Fiat, Vauxhall and Toyota make the same model but with different names, the names are: Peugeot, Fiat, Vauxhall and Toyota make the same leisure activity vehicle but with different names, the names are: In 2023, Citroën, Peugeot, Opel and Toyota improved the van and leisure vehicle, It had a new grille, new bonnet, new bumper and different headlamps and breaklights. Opel make a similar van called Opel Combo.
The DAX is a stock exchange in Frankfurt, Germany. In German DAX stands for "Deutscher Aktienindex" (in English: German stock index). It is very much like the Dow Jones Industrial Average in the US, in that 30 companies are in this exchange. They are:
Westminster Under School is a private preparatory school for boys aged 7 to 13 and is part of Westminster School in London. The school was founded in 1943 in the buildings of Westminster School in Little Dean’s Yard, just behind Westminster Abbey. In 1951 the Under School relocated to its own site in Eccleston Square. Due to rising numbers of students in the 1960s and 1970s, the school moved again in 1981 to its present site (which was a former hospital) next the Westminster School playing fields in Vincent Square. There are 267 pupils attending the school. The school has a strong musical tradition and provides choristers for St Margaret's Church, London.  Most boys attending the school move on to Westminster School after the completion of either Common Entrance or Scholarship examinations (The Challenge), although a number of boys each year go onto other schools, most often either Eton or Harrow. The Master is Mrs Elizabeth Hill ; the Deputy Master is Mr D. Bratt. There are currently 39 members of staff. The school fees for 2008-9 are £4412 pre term.