ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A number of problems from graph theory are called Minimum spanning tree. In graph theory, a tree is a way of connecting all the vertices together, so that there is exactly one path from any one vertex, to any other vertex of the tree. If the graph represents a number of cities connected by roads, one could select a number of roads, so that each city can be reached from every other, but that there is no more than one way to travel from one city to another. A graph can have more than one spanning tree, just like there may be more than one way to select the roads between the cities. Most of the time, graphs are weighted; each connection between two cities has a weight: It might cost something to travel on a given road, or one connection may be longer than the other, this means it takes more time to travel on that connection. In the language of graph theory, the connections are called "edges". A minimum spanning tree is a tree. It is different from other trees in that it minimizes the total of the "weights" attached to the edges. Depending on what the graph looks like, there may be more than one minimum spanning tree. In a graph where all the edges have the same weight, every tree is a minimum spanning tree. If all the edges have different weights (that is: there are no two edges with the same weight), there is exactly one minimal spanning tree. Finding the minimum spanning tree. A first try. It can be very simple to make an algorithm that will discover a minimum spanning tree:  function MST("G","W"):  while "T" does not form a spanning tree:  find the minimum weighted edge in "E" that is safe for "T"  return "T" In this case, "safe" means that including the edge does not form a cycle in the graph. A cycle means starting at a vertex, travelling to a number of other vertices and ending up at the starting point again without using the same edge twice. History. Czech scientist Otakar Borůvka developed the first known algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree in 1926. He wanted to solve the problem of finding an efficient coverage of Moravia
The Transgender Pride flag was made by a woman named Monica Helms, and was first seen at a pride parade in Phoenix, Arizona, United States in 2000. The flag is a symbol of the transgender group and is made up of five stripes that go straight across from left to right. Two light blue stripes, two pink stripes, with a white stripe in the center.
Christian Corrêa Dionisio (born 23 April 1975) is a former Brazilian football player. He plays for Portuguesa Desportos. Club career statistics. 50||7 217||97 71||22 11||3 15||6 13||3 377||138 International career statistics. !Total||11||0
Yukihiro Yamase (born 22 April 1984) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 70||6||5||2||12||2||2||0||87||10 70||6||5||2||12||2||2||0||87||10
Kenta Tokushige (born 9 March 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vissel Kobe. Club career statistics. 22||0||8||0||8||0||38||0 22||0||8||0||8||0||38||0
is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. Club career statistics. 73||0||8||0||7||0||88||0 73||0||8||0||7||0||88||0
Insane Clown Posse are an American hip-hop/horrorcore group from Detroit, Michigan. The group consists of two members: Shaggy 2 Dope and Violent J. They formerly had two other members John Kickjazz whose real name is John Utsler and Greez-E whose real name is Kalyn Garcia but they left the band later on. The band is known for spraying their fans with the soda, Faygo during their concerts. In one incident a man sued Violent J for throwing a bottle of Faygo at him during a concert in 2007 Insane Clown Posse and Horrorcore followers are usually known as "Juggalo"s (male) and "Juggalette"s (female). Insane Clown Posse have feuded with Eminem in the past but in an interview with Violent J he said that the feud had ended. They have formed a professional wrestling company called "Juggalo Championship Wrestling" which they founded in 1999.
The attic is the highest level or levels of a house or another building, it is directly below the roof and old house or old things inside the house like a vintage. It is sometimes used as storage. Some people have "loft conversions" (change the attic into a room people can use) so that they can sleep in it. Attics can be hard to reach, which is why many of them are not used. They can help keep the temperature of the house stable. Origin. The word "attic" derived from the Attica region in Greece. It comes from the Attic style architecture.
6teen was an Canadian animated television series and sitcom produced by Nelvana and Fresh TV. The show was about six sixteen-year-old friends and followed them in their first part-time jobs and teenage lives. The series premiered airs at 4:00 p.m. ET/PT times on November 7, 2004 on Cartoon Network in the United States. The show had 95 episodes, 2 45-minute-long specials and a total of 4 season.
The 2008-09 NHL season was the 91st season of the National Hockey League. It was the first season since before to the 2004-05 lockout in which every team played each other at least once during the season, following three seasons where teams only played against two divisions in the other conference (one division at home and one on the road.) It began on October 4, with the regular season ending on April 12. The Stanley Cup playoffs ended on June 12, with the Pittsburgh Penguins taking the championship. The Montreal Canadiens hosted the 57th NHL All-Star Game at the Bell Centre on January 25, 2009, part of the Canadiens' 100th season celebration. Regular season. Final standings. "GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, OTL = Overtime/Shootout Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points." Conference standings. Tiebreaking procedures. In the event of a tie in points in the standings at the end of the season, ties are broken using the following tiebreaking procedures. The higher ranked team is the one with: Statistical leaders. Scoring leaders. "GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus/Minus; PIM = Penalty Minutes" Leading goaltenders. "GP = Games Played; TOI = Time On Ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/Shootout Losses; GA = Goals Against; SO = Shutouts; Sv% = Save Percentage; GAA = Goals Against Average" Playoffs. Playoff seeds. After the regular season, the standard of 16 teams qualified for the playoffs. The San Jose Sharks won the Presidents' Trophy for having the best record in the league, at 117 points. Division champions maintain their relative ranking during the entire playoffs while the remaining teams get reseeded below them after each round. Eastern Conference. "*Montreal finished with exactly the same record as the Florida Panthers (including number of wins), but garnered more points (the Canadiens with six, the Panthers with three) in the four game season
A Wavelet is a mathematical function used to write down a function or signal in terms of other functions that are simpler to study. Many signal processing tasks can be seen in terms of a wavelet transform. Informally speaking, the signal can be seen under the lens with a magnification given by the scale of the wavelet. In doing so, we can see only the information that is determined by the shape of the wavelet used. The English term "wavelet" was introduced in the early 1980s by French physicists Jean Morlet and Alex Grossman. They used the French word "ondelette" (which means "small wave"). Later, this word was brought into English by translating "onde" into "wave" giving "wavelet". Wavelet is (complex) function from the Hilbert space formula_1. For practical applications it should satisfy following conditions. It must have finite energy. formula_2 It must satisfy an admissibility condition. formula_3, where formula_4 is a Fourier transform of formula_5 Zero mean condition implies from admissibility condition. formula_6 The function formula_5 is called mother wavelet. Its translated (shifted) and dilated (scaled) normalized versions are defined as following. formula_8 Original mother wavelet has parameters formula_9 and formula_10. Translation is described by formula_11 parameter and dilatation by formula_12 parameter.
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow gold and white. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs fifteen times, including two Stanley Cup Finals appearances. In the fall of 1993, the franchise moved to Dallas, Texas, and is now known as the Dallas Stars. Seasons and records. Season-by-season record. The team had 15 playoff appearances, a 77-82 playoff record, 2 Norris Division championships, and 2 Campbell Conference championships. "For a complete list of seasons played by the Minnesota North Stars and Dallas Stars, see Dallas Stars seasons." "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Team scoring leaders. This is a listing of the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history. Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game NHL awards and trophies. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Calder Memorial Trophy Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy Leaders. Team captains. "Note: This list does not include Minnesota Wild, Dallas Stars, California Golden Seals and Cleveland Barons captains". &gt; Notable players. Hall of Famers. This is a listing of players in the Hockey Hall of Fame: Retired numbers (in Minnesota). After the move, the Dallas Stars retired the number 7 of Minnesota native, University of Minnesota graduate and 1980 Olympic hero Neal Broten, C, 1981-93.
Superfluidity is a state of matter where fluid or a liquid can act very strangely. Some of the things a superfluid can do are: So far, scientists have only been able to create superfluids at extremely cold temperatures. However, superfluids have quite a few uses in science today, like: There is also another state of matter called a "supersolid", although how they are formed is more complex.
A princely state (also called a native state or Indian state) was a state within the former British Indian Empire where a native Indian sovereign came under subordinate alliance with the British via a treaty. Such treaties allowed for what was termed British Paramountcy as opposed to sovereignty over the native states. The peoples of these native states were officially not considered subjects of the British Indian Empire but rather as subjects of their native monarch. For the purposes of travel the term used on the passports of subjects of Native sovereigns was "British protected person". As according to treaty with the empire the native ruler had surrendered the subject of foreign affairs, such states could not have direct relations with other states without British approval.  From time to time, however, often for the purposes of its own security, the British Indian Empire would interfere in the internal affairs of even the first class states in violation of the treaties made with them. Such interference was met by both public and formal protests buy native rulers and their subjects and was considered as an "encroachment on a native states sovereignty" by the empire. The rulers of these states held various titles: e.g. raja (a Hindu ruling prince); maharaja (a greater Hindu ruling prince); nawab (a Muslim ruling prince such as the Nawab of Awadh); nizam, the title of the Nizam of Hyderabad. About 118 of the 565 princely states existing in 1947 were considered first class sovereign states and had state governments of their own and only five were large states (Hyderabad (Princely state), Mysore, Kashmir and Jammu, and Baroda). Of these three became part of the dominion of India while the status of Jammu and Kashmir was disputed.
A Wookiee is a fictional race of aliens from the Star Wars series of movies. Their home planet is Kashyyyk. The best known Wookiee character is Chewbacca. Origin. When George Lucas was developing fictional characters for "Star Wars", he named Chewbacca after his dog, Chewbacca. The name "Wookiee" came from an in Lucas's first feature movie, "THX 1138". The line was "I think I ran over a Wookiee back there." Features. On Kashyyyk wookiees build their houses in mile-high trees. They have long arms and legs so they can climb the trees. Chewbacca is over seven feet tall and over 200 years old. By nature they are gentle and intelligent creatures. When angered they can pull a man's arms out of their s. Wookiees have a great sense of smell. They are fully covered with a thick coat of hair. Wookiees prize loyalty and above all else.  Language. The Wookiee language is Shyriiwook. Wookiees are capable of understanding English but cannot speak it. In the original Star Wars trilogy Chewbacca showed he could understand humans. His human partner, Han Solo, also shows knowledge of Shyriiwook. In the Star Wars expanded universe books, Chewbacca builds a miniature translator droid ("Em Teedee") for his nephew Lowbacca. When Lowbacca begins training as a Jedi the droid helped him communicate with his fellow students.
Monte Plata is a Dominican city and head municipality of the Monte Plata province. The town was founded with people from Monte Cristi and Puerto Plata; they took the words "Monte" from the first town and "Plata" from the second town to form the name of the new town: "Monte Plata". History. The city was founded in 1606 when the Spanish Governor Antonio Osorio destroyed, by orders of King Phillip III of Spain, the towns of Monte Cristi and Puerto Plata. The people and the cattle were moved to a new town that was given the name of Monte Plata to remember those two towns that were destroyed. When the province of Monte Plata was created in 1982, the city was made the head municipality of this province. Population. The municipality had, in , a total population of 26,192: 13,288 men and 12,904 women. The urban population was of the total population. Geography. Monte Plata is in the northwestern part of the "Llano Costero del Caribe" (in English, "Caribbean Coastal Plain"), a large prairie with many important savannas. The "Sierra de Yamasá" is found to the northeast of the municipality. "Los Haitises" is a karst region with many small hills; it is to the northwest of Monte Plata. It has a total area of and has three municipal districts (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality); these are Boyá, Chirino and Don Juan. The altitude of the city of Monte Plata is above sea level. The municipality of Monte Plata has the municipality of Sabana Grande de Boyá to the north, the municipality of Bayaguana to the east, the Santo Domingo province to the south and the municipality of Yamasá to the west. Climate. Monte Plata has a tropical wet climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist (rainfalls during the whole year). The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is August
The Epistulae morales ad Lucilium (in English "Moral Letters to Lucilius") is the name for 124 letters Seneca the Younger wrote when he was over sixty-years-old. The "Letters" were probably written in the last three years of Seneca's life, during the years 62 to 64 AD. All letters start ""Seneca Lucilio suo salutem" (Seneca greets his Lucilius) and end with "Vale"" (Farewell). Lucilius was the Governor of Sicily at the time, but he is only known through Seneca's writings. Seneca wrote the letters to give Lucilius advice on how to become a better person. The letters are like a diary, or a handbook, of Stoic philosophy. Seneca writes about life, death, and virtue as the supreme good. He writes about the joy that comes from wisdom. He repeatedly refers to the shortness of life. Quotations. The tag "Vita sine litteris mors" ('Life without learning [is] death') is adapted from "Epistle" 82 (originally "Otium sine litteris mors", 'Leisure without learning [is] death') and is the motto of Derby School and Derby Grammar School in England, Adelphi University, New York, and Manning's High School, Jamaica.
Sorbet, or sherbet, is a cold dessert made with water or fruit juice instead of milk. Most sorbets have fruit flavors. Lemon is the most common flavor, and other flavors include orange, lemon, cherry, lime, red wine. Rainbow is a mix of different-colored flavors, usually including lemon and cherry. Sorbet is a French name, but the origin of the dessert is not known for sure. It has been around for several centuries. Before refrigeration frozen ice stores were used. Claims have been made that the idea was known in ancient Persia.
William "Will" Champion (born 31 July 1978) is the drummer for the English rock band Coldplay. Personal life. Champion's mother, Sara, died from cancer in 2000. Coldplay's debut album "Parachutes" was dedicated to her. Champion was the first Coldplay member to marry. He married Marianne Dark, a teacher, in 2003. Their first child, a girl named Ava, was born on 28 April 2006. On 7 May 2008, Marianne gave birth to fraternal twins Juno and Rex.
"Trouble" is a song recorded by British alternative rock band Coldplay. It was composed for their first album, "Parachutes". The band wrote the song and produced it with British record producer Ken Nelson. The word "trouble" is repeated many times in the lyrics of the song. The song was released on 26 October 2000 as a single. It was the third single of the album. It reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. This made it the band's second Top 10 single in the country. "Trouble" did not chart on the main singles chart in the United States. But the music press said it was almost as successful as "Yellow". "Yellow" was the single released before "Trouble". Two different music videos for the single were released. Production. Chris Martin, the vocalist of Coldplay said that idea for writing "Trouble" came from his own behaviour. Martin said that there were "some bad things going in our band ... the song is about behaving badly towards somebody you really love and I was certainly doing that to some members of the band." The four members of Coldplay are credited as the co-writers of "Trouble". But, it was based on Martin's idea. British record producer Ken Nelson and the band produced "Trouble" for their first album, "Parachutes". The song was recorded four times before the band got the recording they liked most. The band decided that the first three versions were not "working". The last take was recorded into Pro Tools with a shaker. This was done to provide the rhythm to the track. For the backing track, Will Champion played the drums and Martin played the piano. It was recorded in a little wooden room. Guy Berryman recorded the bass and then guitarist Jonny Buckland added the guitar section. In recording the piano section of the track, the band used two microphones. Nelson, who wanted to keep the song simple, chose the microphone which had a fuller sound for the mixing. "Trouble" was mixed in New York by American mix engineer Michael Brauer. The first mixed version was sent back to the band and Nelson. However, it was not
Epping on the London Underground is the north-eastern terminus of the Central Line. The station before Epping is Theydon Bois. Epping station is in the Epping Forest District of Essex. It is one of eight London Underground stations in this District and is in Travelcard Zone 6. References. Proposed
A mixed number (also called a mixed fraction) is a number which contains a whole number and a fraction added together. For instance 1 ½, in words "one and a half", is the same as 1 + ½, or "one plus one half." It is another way of writing 3/2 or "three over two" or "three halves", which is an improper fraction. Both ways of writing the number are correct.
Trichomes are structures on a plant's leaves. They look like tiny hairs sticking out from the surface of the leaf. Trichomes are made of living cells, which can look very different. Some trichomes have one long cell. Other trichomes are a long chain of cells. They may have branches which make them look like a star.  Trichomes help to shade the leaf from the sun. They block too much wind from moving across the leaf surface. This stops too much water from leaving the leaf. Animals might not eat leaves with trichomes because they do not like the taste. Glandular trichomes have chemicals in them. They break when the leaf is touched, and then the chemicals come out.
James Vaughan (born 14 July 1988) is an English former footballer. He is currently the loans pathway manager at Everton. Honours. Everton Wigan Athletic Portsmouth Individual
Yusuke Sato (born 2 November 1977) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tochigi. Club career statistics. 284||48||8||1||11||1||303||50 284||48||8||1||11||1||303||50
Yoshiyuki Takemoto (born 3 October 1973) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 163||44||15||4||4||2||182||50 163||44||15||4||4||2||182||50
Saúl Martínez (born 29 January 1976) is a Honduran football player. He plays for Miami United and Honduras national team. Honours. Nacional Montevideo  Shanghai Shenhua C.D. Marathón
Pedro Rocha (3 December 1942 – 2 December 2013) was a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team. He died on 2 December 2013 in São Paulo of stomach cancer, one day before his 71st bithday. Club career statistics. 131||30 131||30 International career statistics. !Total||52||17
Hapoel Tel Aviv Football Club () is an Israeli Football club based in Tel Aviv and created in 1926. Their city rival is Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.. The club is second behind Maccabi Tel Aviv in the number of national titles. They play in the Bloomfield Stadium. History. The club was founded on 31 May 1927. There were two other attempts to found the club. In 1927 they united with Allenby F.C and created the club in its modern form. The club is part of the Hapoel Sport Organisation, which is connected with the Histadrut trade union. Until the independence of Israel in 1948 the club often won the Palestine League (5 titles). After the independence Hapoel joined the Israeli League. In 1988-1989 they were relegated to the second league for the first time of their existence. Next year they came back. Since 1948 they have won 8 national titles. Overall they have won 13 national titles and 13 State Cups. They have had many big successes in international football, for example the victory in the first Asian Club Championship in 1967, beating Red Bull Salzburg and Benfica in the 2010-11 Champions League, and finishing first in their group in the 2010-11 Europa League. Current squad. "As of 30 January 2020" Foreigners 2019–20. Only up to six non-Israeli nationals can be in an Israeli club, but only five can play at the same time on the pitch. Those with Jewish ancestry, married to an Israeli, or have played in Israel for an extended period of time, can claim a passport or permanent residency which would allow them to play with Israeli status.
Hugo de León (born 27 February 1958) is a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team. Club career statistics. 97||2 16||0 12||0 125||2 International career statistics. !Total||48||0