ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Piccadilly is a major street in central London, running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is completely within the City of Westminster. St. James's lies to the south of the eastern section of the street, while the western section overlooks Green Park. The area to the north is Mayfair. It is the location of Fortnum &amp; Mason, the Royal Academy, The Ritz Hotel, the RAF Club and Hatchards book shop. Simpsons, once amongst the United Kingdom's leading clothing stores, opened on Piccadilly in the 1930s. The store closed in 1999 and the site is now the flagship shop of the booksellers Waterstone's. History. The name Piccadilly may come from a tailor named Robert Baker, in the late 16th century and early 17th century. He amassed a large fortune by making and selling "piccadills" – stiff collars with scalloped edges and a lace border, which were then in fashion. With his great fortune he bought a large tract of what was then open country to the west of London. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Piccadilly and the area to the north (Mayfair) began to be systematically developed as a fashionable residential locality. Some of the grandest mansions in London were built on the northern side of Piccadilly: Clarendon House, Berkeley House (later Devonshire House), and Sir John Denham's house (later Burlington House) were built in the 17th century. Later mansions included Melbourne House (now The Albany), Apsley House, Bath House and Cambridge House. Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western end of the street, and that part was colloquially referred to as Rothschild Row.  By the 1920s most of these buildings had been demolished or were in institutional use. The enlargement of Park Lane and the formation of Hyde Park Corner as a major traffic gyratory system has cut off the western stretch of Piccadilly, with the result that Apsley House has become detached from it. 21st century Piccadilly
This is a list of all European countries: References. Disclaimer: Though some might believe Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia to be European countries, they are not.
"Last Christmas" is a holiday song by the pop duo Wham!. It is about betrayal of the protagonist by a person he thought was there to stay. The song was released in December 3 1984. Other singers have covered it since then, including Ashley Tisdale.
Lock picking is the art of opening a lock without the key and without damaging or destroying the lock or its door. It is usually used by locksmiths to let people back in who have lost their keys or locked them inside a car or house. Lock picking is very rarely used by criminals, because picking a lock is difficult and other ways of entering such as breaking a window are much easier. Some people pick their own locks as a hobby. Some people also do locksport, a sport in picking locks. In most places picking locks that you own is legal, but it is illegal to pick locks that you do not own or do not have permission to pick. History. History of keys and locks goes back for about 4,000 years. Ancient people also wanted to protect their possessions and keep them in places where other people cannot get access to them. The first locks and keys were made of wood and other easily accessible materials and they provided the small safeguard against theft or break-in. However, such locks at least let the owners know if someone tried to tamper with the lock.  The earliest known key and lock was discovered in the Nineveh ruins, which was the capital of ancient Assyria. They were dated to 704 BC. The first models of wooden locks and keys originate from Ancient Babylon and Egypt. These simple devices had small pins, controlling the movement of the security bolt. In order to unlock the bolt, it was necessary to lift the pins, by using bulky wooden keys.  Roman age introduced many improvements of the Egyptian wooden locks. Ancient Romans created stronger and smaller locks than Egyptians, by using bronze and iron. The keys of locks from Roman era were small and light enough to be carried everywhere. Such small keys were often viewed as one of the effective ways of showing your wealth to other people. Rich Romans often kept their valuable things in secure boxes and wore the keys as finger rings.  The warded lock also comes from antiquity and is still the most recognizable lock and key type. Nowadays, there is a wide range of different locks, keys and other security systems available on the market. Among them are also keyless entry systems, that allow people to operate their locks without using the keys.
Romeo is the son of Lord and Lady Montague in William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. He is one of the two protagonists of the story. Romeo falls in love with Juliet Capulet, and secretly marries her. Juliet fakes her death to rid herself of a parental marriage arrangement with Count Paris. Romeo is not aware of the fake death. He believes Juliet is truly dead and kills himself. Leonardo DiCaprio, Leonard Whiting, Leslie Howard and Douglas Booth have played Romeo in movie adaptations of the play. Romeo is also a character in opera and ballet adaptions of the play.
Pope Benedict V (;   -died July 4, 965), was an Italian deacon of the Roman Catholic Church and the 133rd Pope for five weeks in 964. Benedict was known as Grammaticus because of his learning. Pope. After the death of Pope John XII, Cardinal Benedetto was elected pope by the Romans in 964; but the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, did not approve. Otto deposed Benedict who was then exiled. Otto forced Benedict to travel to Germany where he was placed under the care of Adaldag, Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. After his death. Benedict was buried in the cathedral in Hamburg. Later, his remains were transferred to Rome. Although his status was questioned during his lifetime, Benedict V is considered to part of the traditional list of popes.
Heidi Lynne Fleiss (born December 30, 1965 in Los Angeles) is an American television personality and columnist, regularly featured in American media. She is often called "Hollywood Madam" (formerly she was a madam and for a short time a prostitute) and is a periodic guest on Fox News programs. Her father was Paul M. Fleiss. She is of Jewish descent. Fleiss had been convicted of tax evasion and spent some time in prison. She was in a domestic partnership with Dennis Hof until his death in October 2018.
"Wonderful Christmastime" is a Christmas song which was first recorded by Paul McCartney and released in 1979. The single did not chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States. It reached #6 on United Kingdom music charts. This single is played during the Christmas season worldwide. Other singers, including Kelly Rowland of Destiny's Child, Hilary Duff and Demi Lovato have covered this song throughout the years.  It did finally debut on Billboard’s Hot 100 12/29/18 and again charted in late 2023 reaching its peak #26 on 1/6/24 and spending 13 weeks total.
Bobby Vinton (born April 16, 1935 in Pennsylvania) is an American musician of Polish descent. At first Vinton was not successful. Around 1963, he began making serious hit songs and albums. That continued into the 1970s and beyond. One of his most popular songs is "Blue Velvet" (a cover of the 1951 song recorded by Tony Bennett) which reached No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1963.
Rodrigo y Gabriela (Rodrigo and Gabriela), also known as "El Rodri y La Gabi", are a Mexican musical duo. They play fast, rhythmic music on acoustic guitars. The duo is Rodrigo Sanchez, lead guitar, and Gabriela Quintero, rhythm guitar and percussion.  They became well known playing in the hotels and bars of Dublin, Ireland. One reviewer said that "...Rodrigo y Gabriela's secret is maybe quite simple. They are resourceful musicians, and are open-hearted, happy entertainers. That, very often, is what people want." Both are vegans and support animal rights. They play a mixture of many influences and styles. They met in Mexico City while playing in a thrash metal band and later moved to Dublin. Their album, "Rodrigo y Gabriela", entered the Irish Albums Chart at Number One. Recordings. Live gigs. The Porterhouse, Dublin (2002)
Andrew Aitken "Andy" Rooney (January 14, 1919 – November 4, 2011) was an American radio and television writer. His "A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney" was a part of the CBS News program "60 Minutes" from 1978 to 2011. His final regular appearance on "60 Minutes" aired October 2, 2011. He died one month later, on November 4, 2011, at age 92. He started as a reporter covering World War II in Europe. Rooney joined CBS in 1949, as a writer for "Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts", when Godfrey was very popular on radio and TV. He also wrote for "The Garry Moore Show". Rooney was an atheist.
Piccadilly Circus is a road junction and public space in London's West End in the City of Westminster. The Circus links Piccadilly with Regent Street, and the theatres on Shaftesbury Avenue, as well as the Haymarket, Coventry Street (onwards to Leicester Square), and Glasshouse Street.  The Circus is close to major shopping and entertainment areas in the West End. Its status as a major traffic intersection has made Piccadilly Circus a busy meeting place and a tourist attraction in its own right.  The Circus is particularly known for its video display and neon signs mounted on the corner building on the northern side, as well as the fountain and statue of an archer popularly known as "Eros". Actually the statue is that of "Anteros", who in legend was the brother of Eros. The fountain is a pedestrian area: it and the Circus there is surrounded by several noted buildings, the London Pavilion and the Criterion Theatre. Directly underneath the plaza is Piccadilly Circus tube station, part of the London Underground system.
The Dale–Chall formula is one of the ways to predict how difficult text is to read. It is a readability test. The Dale–Chall formula is a one-variable test: it measures the difficulty of the words used. It does not measure the difficulty of the sentence structure (the syntax). One of the first readability tests, the Dale–Chall formula used a vocabulary list. It counted the number of listed words in a passage, and applied a formula which gave a grade level. It was used to rate textbooks for grade levels in US school districts. In 1995 the authors published an updated word list. It is easy, in principle, to use a vocabulary list as part of a computer-based readability measure. The list is organised as a look-up table. The percentage of listed words in a passage gives the data for the formula, and the user is presented with a grade level.
Park Lane is a major road in the City of Westminster, in Central London. Park Lane is about three quarters of a mile (1.2 km) in length, and runs north from Hyde Park Corner to Marble Arch, along the length of the eastern flank of Hyde Park.  Despite the traffic noise, the road is upmarket. It features five-star hotels, such as The Dorchester, Grosvenor House Hotel and InterContinental London Park Lane Hotel, and showrooms for several makes of high-end sports car. The hotels are part of the area known as Mayfair. History. Originally a country lane running north-south along what is now the eastern boundary of Hyde Park, it became a fashionable residential address from the eighteenth century onwards. It has views across Hyde Park and a position at the most fashionable western edge of London. It became lined with some of the largest privately owned mansions in London, including the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor House and the Holford family's Dorchester House (demolished in 1929 and replaced by 1931 with The Dorchester, which are now both hotels, and the Marquess of Londonderry's Londonderry House, which has been demolished.  On a corner with Oxford Street, Somerset House (No. 40), built in 1769-70, was successively the town house of Warren Hastings, a former Governor-General of India, the third Earl of Rosebery, and the Dukes of Somerset. In the 1960s the Lane was widened to three lanes each way either side of a central reservation. This required the demolition of a number of houses at Hyde Park Corner. It claimed land previously in Hyde Park to make room for the multi-lane carriageway. The result was to diminish the appeal of Park Lane as a residential address, as it became one of the busiest and noisiest roads in central London. It has little or none of the countryside atmosphere that once made it popular. The widening of the road distanced the houses on the east side of Park Lane from Hyde Park itself, access to which is now by underpass.
Alghero (Italian pronunciation: [alˈɡɛro]; , IPA: [ɫəɫˈɣe], locally: [lalˈɣe]; ; ), is a city of about 44,000 citizens in Italy. It lies in the province of Sassari in northwestern Sardinia, next to the sea. In the 1930s, the Swedish writer Amelie Posse Brazdova wrote a book entitled "Sardinia Side Show", where she told the complete story of 2 years she spent "interned" in Alghero old town during World War I.
A triangulation station is a fixed surveying station, used in surveying.  It may also be known as a triangulation pillar, trigonometrical station, trigonometrical point, trig station, trig beacon or trig point, and sometimes informally as a trig, The names of triangulation stations vary regionally; they are generally known as "trigonometrical stations" in North America, "trig points" in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia, and "trig beacons" in South Africa; "triangulation pillar" is the more formal term for the concrete columns found in the UK.
Pope Leo XI (; 2 June 1535 – 27 April 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 233rd Pope for only 26 days in April 1605. Early life. He was born in Florence. His grandmother was a sister of Leo X. Priest. In 1567, Medici was ordained as a priest. In 1569, Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, sent Father Medici to be the ambassador of Florence in the court of Pope Pius V. For 15 years in Rome, Father Medici was the representative of the city and the Medici family. Bishop. Gregory XIII made him Bishop of Pistoia in 1573. He was named Archbishop of Florence in 1574. Cardinal. Gregory raised him to the rank of cardinal in 1583. In 1596, Clement VIII sent Cardinal Medici as ambassador to the court of Henry IV of France. Pope. On 1 April 1605, Cardinal Medici was elected pope. He chose to be called Leo XI in honor of his uncle Pope Leo X. When he was elected, Leo XI was almost seventy years of age, and he died within the month. His death came as a result of fatigue and cold in the ceremony of taking possession of the Basilica of St John Lateran. He was called "Papa Lampo" ("Lightning Pope") because his papacy was so short.
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim is a football club based in Hoffenheim, a suburb of Sinsheim, Baden-Württemberg. They play in the German Bundesliga In the year 2000 they played in the 5th division but in 2008 they promoted to the Bundesliga. It was possible with the financial help of the software mogul Dietmar Hopp, who had played in the club's youth system. The financial help was widely criticized by other clubs, fans and by some in the German press. The most important points were the lack of tradition and the small fan base. Hoffenheim has only 3,300 inhabitants, and Sinsheim, where they play their home games, has only about 35,000 residents. Honors. The club's honours: Current squad.   Coaching history. Recent coaches of the club: *As caretaker coach.
Mimosa pudica is a  well-known species of "Mimosa". It is a creeping annual or perennial herb often grown for its curiosity value: the compound leaves fold inward and droop when touched or shaken, re-opening minutes later. The species is native to South America and Central America, but is now a widespread weed. Description. The stem is erect in young plants, but becomes creeping or trailing with age. The leaves of the "Mimosa pudica" are compound leaves. The leaves are bipinnately compound, with one or two pinnae pairs, and 10-26 leaflets per pinna. The round-shaped flower heads, which are inflorescences, are 8–10 mm in diameter (excluding the stamens). The floret petals are red in their upper part and the filaments are pink to lavender. The fruit consists of clusters of 2-8 pods from 1–2 cm long each. The pods break into 2-5 segments and contain pale brown seeds some 2.5 mm long. The flowers are pollinated by the wind and insects. The seeds have hard seed coats which restrict germination. Plant movement. "Mimosa pudica" is well known for its rapid plant movement. Like a number of other plant species, it undergoes changes in leaf orientation termed "sleep". The foliage closes during darkness and reopens in light. The leaves also close when touched, warmed, blown, or shaken. When the plant is disturbed, specific regions on the stems release potassium ions which force water out of the cell vacuoles. The water diffuses out of the cells, producing a loss of cell pressure and cell collapse; this differential turgidity between different regions of cells results in the closing of the leaflets and the collapse of the leaf petiole. This is quite a common trait in the Mimosoideae subfamily of the legume family, Fabaceae. The stimulus can also be transmitted to neighbouring leaves. The function of this trait is not known. The plant may use its ability as a defense from predators. Animals may be afraid of a fast moving plant and would rather eat a less active one. Another possible explanation is that the sudden movement dislodges harmful insects. References. [change]
Pope Leo XII (; 22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 253rd Pope from 1823 to 1829. Life. Della Genga was born in a family of Papal States nobility. Priest. Della Genga was ordained as a priest in 1783. Pope Pius VII made him his private secretary. Bishop. In 1793, he was made Archbishop of Tyre; and he was sent as papal nuncio to Lucerne. He was the papal nuncio in Cologne between 1794 and 1805. After 1805, he retired to the abbey of Monticelli near Florence. Cardinal. Tn 1816, Pius VII created him cardinal.  In 1820, Cardinal della Genga became Vicar-General of Rome. Pope. Cardinal della Genga was elected pope 1n September 1823.
Pope Damasus II (; died August 9, 1048), born Poppo, was a German priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 152nd Pope for only 24 days from July 17 to August 9, 1048. He was the third German to become pope. Early life. He was born in Bavaria. Bishop. Poppo was Bishop of Brixen in the Tyrol Mountains of Germany. Pope. Bishop Popo became pope on July 17, 1048; and he took the name Damasas II. He died within a month of his election.
Muhammad Ali Pasha, also known as Muhammad Ali of Egypt and the Sudan (, , ; ; ; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was a Turkish and Albanian commander in the Ottoman army and governor of the province of Egypt. He became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Though not a modern nationalist, he was the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms he made to the army, economy, and culture of Egypt. He also ruled some Levantine territories outside Egypt. The dynasty he established ruled Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Muhammed Ali was born in the Ottoman Empire, in Kavala, a city in the area which currently is the Greek province of Macedonia. His ancestors migrated from a village of İliç in Eastern Turkey. Some historians claim he was an Albanian but it's wrong. He led a group of Albanian troops sent to Egypt. They were part of an Ottoman force that reoccupied Egypt after Napoleon's French troops left. The Ottomans had ruled Egypt by a Wali (Governor) with Mamluk troops. The Mamluks were former slaves. The French Capitulation of Alexandria left a power vacuum in the Ottoman province. Mamluk power had been weakened, but not destroyed, and Ottoman forces clashed with the Mamluks for power. During this period of anarchy Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to play both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. A group of prominent Egyptians demanded that the then Wāli, Ahmad Khurshid Pasha, step down and Muhammad Ali be installed as the new Wāli in 1805. The Mamluks were still powerful, so in 1811 he massacred their leaders and sent troops to chase the followers out of Egypt. Reforming Egypt. Muhammad Ali’s goal was to establish a powerful, European-style state. To do that, he had to reorganize Egyptian society, streamline the economy, train a professional bureaucracy, and build a modern military. In practice
is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a Paralympian Track and field competitor. He competes in category long distance events. Marathon. In 2011, he won the wheelchair division of the New York City Marathon. He completed the course in 1 hour 31 minutes 41 seconds (1:31:41). He dedicated his race to the children in Japan, who were affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Soejima won the wheelchair division of the Boston Marathon in 2011. Paralympics. Masazumi has competed in the marathon in both the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics, 10000m in 2004, 5000m and 1500m in 2008. In the 4x400m relay in 2004, he won a bronze medal.
Bayesian probability figures out the likelihood that something will happen based on available evidence. This is different from frequency probability which determines the likelihood something will happen based on how often it occurred in the past. You might use Bayesian probability if you don't have information on how often the event happened in the past. Example. As an example, say you want to classify an email as "spam" or "not spam". One thing you know about this email is that it has an emoji in the subject line. Say it's the year 2017, and 80% of the emails you got with emoji in them were spam. So you can look at an email with emoji in the subject and say it's 80% likely to be spam. But if only 1% of your emails were spam and 80% of the emojis were spam, that's different than if half your emails are spam and 80% of emoji emails were spam. Then you can use Bayes's Theorem to determine one probability of whether this email is spam:  p (is_spam | contains_emoji) = [ p(contains_emoji | is_spam) * p(is_spam) ] / p(contains_emoji) P(xy) = P(xy) * Px / Py
Dani Rodrik (born August 14, 1957 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish economist in the fields of international economics, economic development and political economy. He is a professor of economics at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, where he teaches economics to university students. Life and work. Dani Rodrik was born in Istanbul, Turkey to a Sephardic Jewish (Jews who come from Spain) family.  He studied at the high schools, Robert College in Istanbul and École Normale Supérieure in Paris and then at the universities, Harvard University and Princeton University in the United States of America learning economics. He graduated from Harvard University and got his Ph.D. and Professorship from Princeton University. Dani Rodrik is one of the most important Turkish economists and has made several important contributions to economics. He looks at international economics, economic development and political economy, and has published many articles about them. The main questions of his research are: what makes a good economic policy and why some governments are better than others in adopting it. He does not like globalization, because he feels it only helps rich people get richer by making poor people poorer and that people lose their jobs. He also thinks that international organizations like the World Bank and the IMF have made it harder for poorer countries to get richer, or even do not allow them to get richer. He writes critical articles against globalization.