ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A helicopter (also often used: chopper or heli) is a kind of flying machine or aircraft. A helicopter lifts up off  of the ground and moves because of its rotors. A rotor is several small wings, called rotor blades, that spin together around a shaft. For that reason, helicopters are sometimes called "rotary-wing aircraft". A helicopter flies differently from an airplane. An airplane must move forward to stay in the air, but because the helicopter's rotor blades are always moving, the helicopter can stop and stay in one place above the ground. Not needing a runway, they can land in places where an airplane cannot. Helicopters can move by tilting their rotor blades, which causes the aircraft to fly in the direction the blades are tilted. History. Since around 400 BC, the Chinese had a flying top that was used as a children's toy. The flying top was made from bamboo and used the same method of spinning wings to fly up in the air. Later flying tops were made of feathers tied to a stick. Leonardo da Vinci first thought of a helicopter flown by a man in 1490, and drew pictures of his ideas. It was hundreds of years later (in the early 20th century) before anyone built one that could really fly. The first practical helicopters were built by Frenchman Louis Breguet in 1935 and by German Henrich Focke in 1936. A Russian immigrant, Igor Sikorsky, built and perfected the first practical helicopter in America in 1939. Uses. Helicopters are especially useful when there are disasters when infrastructure is damaged. Food packets, water, medicines and clothes are dropped from the air to people on the ground who cannot be reached by road. When people are injured, helicopters can carry them to hospitals faster than an ambulance on the road.  Helicopters are also used by the military, because they can move troops and equipment to places an airplane cannot take them. Attack helicopters act as attack aircraft carrying and shooting guns and missiles. Training helicopter is used for learning how to be a helicopter pilot.
Baku (Azerbaijani: Bakı), the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, is situated on the western coast of the Caspian Sea, along the Absheron Peninsula. Known as the "City of Winds," Baku is the cultural, economic, and political hub of Azerbaijan. The city is home to approximately ~2.5 million residents within its administrative boundaries (2024 estimate), while the greater metropolitan area houses nearly ~4 million (unofficially ~5 million) people. The population is ethnically diverse, predominantly Azerbaijani, with minorities including Russians, Lezgins, and other Caucasian groups. Modern Baku is a thriving economic hub, with its economy heavily reliant on oil and gas exports. The city also focuses on diversifying into tourism, manufacturing, and technology. The Baku International Sea Trade Port is the largest on the Caspian, bolstering its regional economic significance. Baku boasts modern infrastructure, including the Heydar Aliyev International Airport, extensive highways, and the Baku Metro. Its skyline features iconic buildings such as the Flame Towers and the Heydar Aliyev Center, designed by Zaha Hadid. Baku is also a center of education, with prestigious institutions like Baku State University, Azerbaijan Medical University, and international schools  Future Prospects As of 2024, Baku continues to grow as a cosmopolitan city, aiming to enhance its global standing through economic reforms, cultural diplomacy, and infrastructure development Geography and Climate. Baku is the lowest-lying national capital in the world, situated 28 meters below sea level, making it unique among global cities. It has a semi-arid climate (BSh), characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, windy winters. Strong winds, locally known as the Khazri and Gilavar, frequently sweep through the city, shaping its daily life and architecture. History and Heritage. Baku has a history dating back over 1,500 years. It became a major cultural and trading hub during the medieval period. The city's Old City (Icherisheher), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes landmarks such as: The Maiden Tower, a symbol of the city. The Palace
Windows ME was the Millennium Edition of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Windows ME was based on MS-DOS (as were Windows 98 and 95), and was meant for people using computers in their homes. Windows ME and Windows 2000 were in use during the same time period, and were similar in looks. Windows ME was meant for home use and had more features that families found useful, while Windows 2000 was meant for businesses. Despite this, many home users also used Windows 2000, especially after Windows ME got bad reviews. Windows ME was released in the year 2000 and thus was called Windows Millennium Edition. It was the last Windows to be based on MS-DOS. Unlike Windows 2000, Windows ME got bad reviews due to bugs and incompatible hardware. Support and updates for Windows ME (and Windows 98) ended in 2006, whereas Windows 2000 was supported until 2010. Reception. Windows Me initially received generally positive reviews, with reviewers citing the operating system's integrity protection (branded as "PC Health") and the new System Restore feature as steps forward for home users. However, users' real-world experience did not bear this out, with industry publications receiving myriad reports of issues with the "PC Health" systems, PCs refusing to shut down cleanly, and general stability problems. As time went on, the reception became more negative, to the point where it was heavily panned by users, mainly due to stability issues. Retrospectively, Windows Me is viewed as the worst operating system Microsoft has ever produced, being unfavorably compared to its immediate predecessor and successor. Due to its many bugs and glitches, Windows Me is considered as the worst version of Windows. A "PC World" article dubbed Windows Me the "Mistake Edition" and placed it 4th in their "Worst Tech Products of All Time" feature in 2006. The article states: "Shortly after Me appeared in late 2000, users reported problems installing it, getting it to run, getting it to work with other hardware or software, and getting it to stop running." Consequently, most home users remained with Windows 98, while some moved to Windows
A librarian is a person responsible for selecting, organizing, and delivering information materials in a variety of formats such as electronic databases, primary source materials, or printed books. Librarians also teach people to find and evaluate information found on the World Wide Web using Internet search tools and strategies. Librarians may work in different areas. Purchasing materials, putting them into categories, teaching, assisting people with questions, and working with information technology are a few of the possible specializations. The role of a librarian varies across different types of libraries and locations. Training. To become a librarian in a university a person needs to have a master's degree in Library Science (MLS) or a Bachelor's degree in Library and Information Science. Employment. Most librarians work for libraries in schools, colleges, or universities or in municipal, regional, or national libraries. Some librarians also work for private companies, to help them to organize their documents and reports. There are librarians that also work with the deaf and in prisons. Related jobs. Other jobs in libraries include the job of library technician. To become a library technician, a person needs to complete a college diploma.
Geronimo ("Chiricahua" Goyaałé 'One Who Yawns'; often spelled Goyathlay in English), (June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a well-known Native American leader, but not chief, of the Chiricahua Apache tribe, but he was a Bedonkohe Apache. He was born in what is now the state of New Mexico and was also a respected medicine man. The name Geronimo was given to him by Mexican soldiers who either called to Saint Jerome while fighting him or transcribed his name into Spanish wrong. He led 38 Apache men, women, and children to resist being sent to reservations by the United States government or being captured by the Mexican Army. He surrendered in 1886. After that, he was moved to many different forts in the United States. In 1904 during the world fair in St. Louis, he sold souvenirs and pictures of himself. He died in 1909 from pneumonia.
During the California Gold Rush, around 300,000 people traveled to California after gold was found at Sutter's Sawmill. The Gold Rush lasted from 1848–1855, peaking in 1852. While around $2 billion in gold was found during the Gold Rush, very few gold miners got rich. The Gold Rush had major effects on California's history, economy, and population. It may have helped the California Republic become a state in 1850. People came from all over the world to look for gold. California's population boomed, and San Francisco became one of America's major cities. Beginnings and growth. Before gold was discovered in 1848, the California Republic's population was around 160,000; most of these people were Native Americans. The Republic became a state in 1850, and by about 1855, more than 300,000 people had arrived in California. (However, the Gold Rush happened at the same time as a genocide of indigenous people in California, and the Native American population declined drastically.) In early 1848, a carpenter named James Wilson Marshall found small flakes of gold in a river while building a water-powered sawmill for John Sutter. He immediately went to tell Sutter, and they tried to keep the gold a secret. But word soon got out, and thousands of people started rushing west to look for gold. People who arrived in 1849 were nicknamed "forty-niners." Over the next few years, hundreds of thousands of people traveled to California to seek their fortunes: People and jobs. Some of the gold miners (also called "prospectors") found large amounts of gold and became wealthy, but most did not. Not everyone who went to California during the Gold Rush looked for gold. Some opened businesses to provide services to gold miners (like clothing stores, barber shops, bakeries, and launderers). A few got rich and powerful this way, like Levi Strauss, who invented jeans made of strong denim. Usually merchants, farmers, and other people who sold supplies earned more than gold miners. Sometimes a woman could earn more than her gold-mining husband. Effects. The Gold Rush had a major
Jeans are a type of pants made from heavy, strong cotton material (fabric) called denim. They were invented in the United States by Levi Strauss in 1872. In the late 1800s, jeans were worn by workers. Jeans are one of the most obvious symbols of American cultural influence in the world. They are worn in many countries around the world. In the 1950s, jeans became a popular fashion for teenagers and young adults. In the 1950s, jeans were part of rockabilly fashion for teenagers. Now, jeans are a very popular type of pants. They are usually worn as casual fashion clothing. Jeans are made in many styles and colors. The word "jeans" came from the French name of the city in Italy where a strong cotton fabric was made. The Italian city's name, Genoa, was spelled "jene" in Middle English and "Gênes" in the French language.
Sovereignty is the right of a government to have complete control over its area. The idea that this right comes from doing good things for the people under control of the government is as old as Ancient Greece if not older. The exact meaning of Sovereignty has changed some in the past. The present meaning of Sovereignty is said to come from the Peace of Westphalia, an agreement between the rulers of Europe in 1648 which said: The Past. Ancient Rome. Ancient Rome was first the Roman Republic, but then when Octavian made the Roman Empire the Emperor of Rome said that he was "Sovereign". The meaning of this was that he could make any law he wanted, and he did not have to do what the law said himself. Middle Ages. In the time of the Middle Ages many kings and rulers had to do what other leaders said, such as the leader of the Catholic Church, the Pope. Because of this, the idea of "Sovereignty" was not much used. Reformation. In the time of the Protestant Reformation, in the 16th century, governments were breaking away from religious leaders. Also many wars were fought between different rulers inside areas that are now sovereign countries. The English Civil War is one example of a war fought in this time between leaders inside one country. The Peace of Westphalia was made in 1648 and the idea of "Sovereignty" came back. Governments were now separate from outside leaders and only one government or ruler inside a country could make laws. The divine right of kings became more widespread. The Enlightenment and Social Contract theory. The English thinker Thomas Hobbes wrote a book in 1651 that said rulers and governments are "Sovereign" because they are good for the safety of the people. The idea that people could change rulers if they were not safe was new with Hobbes. Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote a book in 1763 that said the choice of the people is the only thing sovereignty comes from. Both Rousseau and Hobbes advanced a "Social Contract" in which people consent to a government's sovereignty just by living in the country and that people give up at least some of their liberty for security
The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA ; French "Fédération Internationale de Football Association") controls international football (also called soccer). The organization’s main buildings are iĥn Zürich, Switzerland. FIFA organizes major international football tournaments, and the most famous one is the FIFA World Cup, which has been held since 1930. FIFA was established on May 21, 1905 in Paris and has 209 national associations as its members. The organization’s official languages are English, French, German and Spanish. The president of FIFA is currently Gianni Infantino, serving since 26 February 2016. The most powerful organ of FIFA is the FIFA Congress, which is an assembly made up of representatives from each member association. The Congress holds a regular meeting once a year, and since 1998 an additional meeting has been held every year. Only the Congress can pass changes to FIFA's laws. The Congress decides whether FIFA should accept new national associations and elects the President of FIFA, its General Secretary and the other members of FIFA's executive committee. The President and General Secretary take care of what goes on within and around FIFA. The executive committee, with the President as its head, is responsible for deciding the dates, locations and format of tournaments. Also, there are six regional confederations recognized by FIFA which take care of the game in the seven different continents of the world. National associations must be members of both FIFA and their regional confederation in order for their teams to compete in FIFA's competitions. The six confederations are AFC (Asian Football Confederation in Asia and Australia), CAF ( Confederation of African Football in Africa), CONCACAF (Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football in North America and Central America), CONMEBOL ("Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol" or the South American Football Confederation), OFC (Oceania Football Confederation in Oceania) and UEFA (Union of European Football Associations in Europe).
American Idol is an American reality-singing competition series created by Simon Fuller, produced by 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It aired on Fox from June 11, 2002 to April 7, 2016, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. On March 11, 2018, the 16th season aired on ABC. Eventually the American people are allowed to vote by calling or texting, and the person with the fewest votes is off the show. The TV show consists of multiple rounds of elimination. The singers can be anyone between the age of 15 and 29 years. Host and judges. "American Idol" often has three or four judges, who give comments on performances. The three judges are:
A smile is a face made by flexing the muscles near both ends of the mouth. The smile can also be made through the eyes (See 'Duchenne smile' below). Smiles usually express happiness. A smile can be natural or fake. However, smiling can be different with animals. When smiling, the teeth shows, but sometimes animals do this when they are threatening. When chimpanzees show their teeth, it can also be a sign of fear. Dimples. Dimples are genetically inherited. They are caused by the flesh underneath the skin, that forms on some people's cheeks, especially when they smile. Some people may only have one dimple on only one side of the face. Duchenne smile. Although there are many different types of smiles, researchers are interested in the duchenne smile because it is done with the eyes. The Duchenne smile was named after the French physician Guillaume Duchenne. Duchenne identified two types of smiles. A Duchenne smile is when the cheek raises and forms a wrinkle around the eyes. Many researchers think that Duchenne smiles are usually hard to make when you are pretending to smile. Internet. On the Internet, smiles can normally be typed up. This is normally called a smiley, smiley face, or happy face. Smileys show emotion when people are not able to see it in real life. Smileys typed on the computer are called emoticons. Smileys can change depending on where the person typing the smiley is. Western Style: :-), :-(, ;-), :-O, :-D, (;D) Eastern Style: d(^.^)b, \(^o^)/, &gt;.&lt;, ^_^, *&lt;):)
Słupsk is a city in northern Poland in Pomeranian Voivodeship. It has about 100.000 inhabitants and 43,15 km². History First mentioned in 1015. City rights granted in 1265 (confirmed in 1310, 1313 and later). It belonged to Poland, 1307-41 - to the Teutonic Order, 1342-1648 - the center of the Duchy of Pomerania. 14-16 centuries belonged to the Hanseatic League, had the right to mint coins. It flourished under the rule of Boguslav X. In 1630 it was occupied and devastated by the Swedish army. After 1648 it passed to Brandenburg (called Stolp in German). In 1807, the city was occupied by Napoleon's army. 19th-20th centuries flourished in the beginning. A Nazi concentration camp operated during World War II, where 800 people (mostly Jews) were killed in 1944-45. In 1945, the Nazi German army shot about 50 Polish civilians. In 1945, the city was occupied without a fight and the center was burned by the USSR army. 1975–98 Słupsk – voivodeship, 19th century – 1975 and since 1999 – county center.
The Emperor of Ethiopia was the name of the ruler of Ethiopia until 1975 when the emperors and the royal family, the Solomonids, were taken out of power. The name that was used for "Emperor" by the Ethiopians means "King of Kings".
The Solomonic dynasty, also known as the House of Solomon, was the ruling dynasty of the Ethiopian Empire from the thirteenth to twentieth centuries. The dynasty was restored by Yekuno Amlak, who overthrew the Zagwe dynasty in 1270. His successors claimed he was descended from the legendary king Menelik I, the son of the biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, in order to legitimize the dynasty's assumption of power. Based on a genome study published in the "American Journal of Human Genetics", there is genetic (DNA) evidence that there was gene flow from the Levant (today's Israel and Syria) into Ethiopia 3,000 years ago, during the times of Solomon and David. The origin and date of the admixture is in support of the dynasty's claims ("Ethiopian Genome and Queen of Sheba", Sergio Prostak, Sci.News). The Solomonic dynasty remained in power until 1974, when its last emperor Haile Selassie was overthrown by a coup d'état. The emperors did not use their real name when they became Emperor of Ethiopia, but they made up a regnal name for their rule. For example, the first Emperor of the Solomonids was Yekuno Amlak. But he used the name "Tasfa Iyassus" after he became ruler. The dynasty began in 1270, when Yekuno Amlak killed the last king of the Zagwe dynasty, which had ruled Ethiopia. Yekuno Amlak was made king, and European historians say was the first ruler of the dynasty. But most Ethiopian books say that Menelik I, the son of King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba, was the first Emperor of this dynasty. The leaders of Ethiopia from 1270 to 1975 (mostly Solomonids):
The Sound of Music is a musical. It was based on a 1956 German movie, "Die Trapp-Familie" and "The Story of the Trapp Family Singers" by Maria von Trapp. The book was written by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. The lyrics were written by Oscar Hammerstein II. The music was written by Richard Rodgers. It was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein. Hammerstein died nine months after the Broadway opening. Story. A young Austrian woman named Maria Rainer becomes the governess to the children of Captain Georg von Trapp, a widow. The children included Liesl (16), Friedrich (14), Louisa (13), Kurt (10 or 11), Brigitta (9), Marta (7) and Gretl (5). Maria teaches the children how to sing, during the famous song "Do Re Mi". The captain and Maria fall in love and marry. Von Trapp refuses to join the Nazis and escapes from the Salzburg Festival, where his family performed. The story ends with Maria and her family leaving from Austria to Switzerland. Productions. "The Sound of Music" was released on 16 November 1959 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on Broadway. It starred Mary Martin as Maria and Theodore Bikel as Captain von Trapp. It moved to the Mark Hellinger Theatre on 6 November 1962, and closed on 15 June 1963 after 1,443 performances. The musical opened on the West End at the Palace Theatre on 18 May 1961. It starred Jean Bayless as Maria and Roger Dann as Capt. von Trapp. The musical ran for 2,385 performances. Awards. The musical won a Tony Award for Best Musical. Adaptations. The musical was released as a 1965 movie starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer.
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards. Also called Oscars, the Academy Awards are given to people working in the movie industry by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). The name of the award has changed over time. It was first Outstanding Picture in 1927. In 1930, the name was changed to Best Picture. It is still called that today. In the list below are the winners of the award for each year. A list of the winners and other nominees is in the main article for each decade.