ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Cuban music comes from the Caribbean island of Cuba. Cuba has developed a wide range of musical styles, which draw on its cultural origins in Europe and Africa. Cuba's music has been hugely popular and influential throughout the world. It has been perhaps the most popular form of world music since the introduction of recording technology. The music of Cuba, including the instruments and the dances, is mostly of European (Spanish) and African origin. Most forms of the present day are fusions and mixtures of these two great sources. The original inhabitants of Cuba died out, and little remains of their traditions. Overview. Large numbers of African slaves and European (mostly Spanish) immigrants came to Cuba and brought their own forms of music to the island. European dances and folk musics included the zapateo, the fandango, the paso doble, the minuet, the gavotte, the contradanza, and the waltz appeared among the urban whites. The African slaves and their descendants made many percussion instruments and preserved rhythms they had known in their homeland. The most important instruments were the drums. Also important are the claves, two short hardwood batons, and the cajón, a wooden box, originally made from crates. Claves are still used often, and cajons ("cajones") were used widely during periods when the drum was banned. The great instrumental contribution of the Spanish was their guitar, but even more important was the tradition of European musical notation and techniques of musical composition. Fernando Ortíz described Cuba's musical innovations as arising from the interplay between African slaves settled on large sugar plantations and Spanish or Canary Islanders who grew tobacco on small farms. The African beliefs and practices certainly influenced Cuba's music. Polyrhythmic percussion is an inherent part of African life &amp; music, as melody is part of European music. Also typical is syncopation, which is heard in the "cinquillo", a basic rhythm of the habanera, the danzón, the Argentine tango and other dances. Also, in African tradition, percussion is joined to song and dance, and to a particular social setting. It is not simply entertainment added to life, it "
Dune is a fictional story set in a space empire far in the future. It is written by Frank Herbert. The book focuses on how politics, religion, technology and many other things interact. In the world of the Dune series, computers are banned (they are not allowed anywhere). Some humans are taught how to think as fast as computers; they are known as 'Mentats'. The ruler of a planet is controlled by a House. The Houses must obey House Corrino, because the leader of House Corrino is also the Emperor. "Dune" focuses on Paul Atreides, the 15-year-old heir to House Atreides. His family is forced by the Emperor who rules the Known Universe to leave the planet Caladan and to take control of the planet Arrakis. Arrakis is currently controlled by House Harkonnen, and is the only place that a spice called Melange is found. Melange is the most important thing in the universe. It lets you see the future and think much faster. If you take melange, you live much longer, sometimes even hundreds of years longer. It also lets you travel far distances at great speeds. Arrakis is a planet that is almost covered in desert. This large desert is very dangerous because it does not have potable (drinkable) water, but mainly because giant worms live in the sand. There are many groups of native humans living there - they are called the Fremen. The Fremen have many rituals that keep water safe. This is important, or they would all die of dehydration (too little water to stay alive). After his father is killed, Paul and his mother escape and take refuge with the Fremen. They use their abilities to achieve power over the Fremen and eventually use them to attack the Harkonnen armies, who have taken back control of the planet. In the books, there are the Bene Gesserit sisterhood, a religious group with only women as its members. This is because men do not have the right kind of mind to learn their ways correctly. They have much more control over their minds and bodies than normal people. Their goal is to protect the human race forever. They have a secret
The Jim Crow laws were a number of laws requiring racial segregation in the Southern United States. These laws were enforced in different states between 1876 and 1965. Jim Crow laws provided a systematic legal basis for segregating and discriminating against African Americans. The laws first appeared after the Civil War and the Reconstruction Era and were enforced through the mid-20th century. They were about segregating black and white people in all public buildings. Overview. Jim Crow was a racist term for a black-looking person. Black people were usually treated worse than white people. This segregation was also done in the armed forces, schools, restaurants, on buses and in what jobs blacks got. In 1954, the US Supreme Court ruled that such segregation in state-run schools was against the US Constitution. The decision is known as "Brown v. Board of Education". The other Jim Crow laws were abolished by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) fought against the Jim Crow laws. Background. After the Civil War, the U.S. government tried to enforce the rights of ex-slaves in the South through a process called Reconstruction. However, in 1876, Reconstruction ended. By the 1890s, the Southern states' legislatures were all-white again. Southern Democrats, who did not support civil rights for blacks, completely ruled the South. This gave them a lot of power in the United States Congress. For example, Southern Democrats were able to make sure that laws against lynching did not pass. Laws against Black Americans. Starting in 1890, Southern Democrats began to pass state laws that took away the rights African Americans had gained. These racist laws became known as Jim Crow laws. For example, they included: In 1896, the United States Supreme Court ruled in a case called "Plessy v. Ferguson" that these laws were legal. They said that having things be "separate but equal" was fine. In the South, everything was separate. However, places like black schools and libraries got much less money and were not as good as places for whites. Things were "separate, but not equal".
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of dog of the spaniel type. Unlike their larger spaniel cousins, they are not now used for hunting and are mostly kept as pets. History. These dogs were developed in England about 100 years ago and are closely related to their even smaller relation the King Charles Spaniels (known in the United States of America as "Toy Spaniels"). One of the main people involved in creating this breed was the British general and politician John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. They were developed to resemble dogs that were kept as pets and hunting dogs by many members of the royal family in England during the 16th century. King Charles II liked that breed, so this is how the dog was named. Colour. There are four different colours that this dog breed come in which are: Temperment. Cavaliers are usually happy dogs that like to stay very close to their human minders, they also like lots of exercise as they still keep some of their gundog family instincts. Health issues and lifespan. Cavaliers typically live about ten years. Heart problems are common in Cavaliers.
Joseph Eric Thornton (born July 2, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played parts of 24 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Boston Bruins, San Jose Sharks, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Florida Panthers. He also played 2 seasons with HC Davos of National League A (NLA). He is known by the nickname Jumbo Joe which is a reference to the elephant Jumbo, which died in his hometown. Thornton also played international ice hockey with Canada and won a gold medal with them at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. On August 13, 2021, Thornton signed a one-year, $750,000 contract with the Florida Panthers. He played 34 games with them. On October 28, 2023, Thornton announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.
is a prefecture in the Kantō region on the island of Honshu, Japan. The capital is the city of Utsunomiya. History. Tochigi was made from the lands of Shimotsuke Province. There is a World Heritage Site in Nikkō. It is called "Nikko Toshogu". Geography. Tochigi shares borders with Ibaraki Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, and Fukushima Prefecture. National Parks. National Parks are in about 21% of the total land area of the prefecture. Shrines and Temples. "Futarasan jinja" and "Futarayama jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.
The Dominican city of Hato Mayor del Rey, or usually just Hato Mayor, is the head municipality of the Hato Mayor province. In English, Hato Mayor del Rey means the "largest cattle ranch of the King". Population. The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 44,900: 22,225 men and 22,675 women. The urban population was of the total population. History. The town grew around a small church built in 1520 in lands given by the Dávila family; for that reason, in old times the town was called "Hato Mayor de Dávila". It was made a municipality by the Haitian government in 1843. After the Dominican independence in 1844, Hato Mayor was not a municipality until 1848 when it was made one in the El Seibo province. In 1984, when the Hato Mayor province was made, the city of Hato Mayor del Rey became its capital city. Geography. Hato Mayor del Rey has a total area of . It has three municipal districts (a subdivision of a municipality): Guayabo Dulce, Mata Palacio and Yerba Buena. Hato Mayor del Rey is at to the northwest of Santo Domingo and at to the west of El Seibo. It is at an elevation of above sea level. The municipality is in the eastern part of the country, just to the south of the "Cordillera Oriental" (in English, "Eastern mountain range") in the region known as "Llano Costero del Caribe" (in English, "Caribbean Coastal Plain"). Hato Mayor del Rey has the municipality of El Valle to the north, the El Seibo province to the northeast and east, the San Pedro de Macorís province to the south and the Monte Plata province to the west. Climate. Hato Mayor del Rey has a tropical monsoonal climate (Köppen climate classification : Am), with a dry season and a heavy monsoon the rest of year. The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during the end of summer.
3 World Trade Center (also known as 175 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper built as part of the World Trade Center reconstruction in New York City. It is located at 175 Greenwich Street. The new 3 World Trade Center opened in June 2018. It is 1,079 ft (329 m) high, with 80 stories. It is taller than the Empire State Building's roof and, as of 2023, is the ninth tallest building in New York City as measured to its pinnacle. The building was designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, and is managed by Silverstein Properties. The building is the second building with this name. The original 3 World Trade Center was called the Marriott World Trade Center. Opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel, the building was a hotel located in the southwest corner of the World Trade Center complex. It was destroyed in the September 11 attacks, alongside the other World Trade Center buildings. 3 World Trade Center was originally going to be 1,240 feet (378 m) tall. Construction of the building started in January 2008. Constuction stopped as there was no anchor tenant (a big business that gets a lot of customers). In 2014, construction continued after a company called GroupM became the anchor tenant. In August 2016, the concrete core of the building topped out, followed by the steel structure in October. The building opened on June 11, 2018.
4 World Trade Center (also known by its street address, 150 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper constructed as part of the World Trade Center site reconstruction in New York City. The lowest floors are retail space; the rest are office space. The building was designed by Fumihiko Maki. The building is the second building to have the same address and name. The original 4 World Trade Center was a nine-story building located at the southeast corner of the World Trade Center complex. It was destroyed along with the rest of the original World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks in 2001. Construction of the current building started in January 2008. It opened to tenants and the public on November 13, 2013. The building has 2.3 million square feet (210,000 m2) of space.
Ralph Fletcher (born March 17, 1953) is a writer of children's picture books, young-adult fiction, and poetry as well as books for both children and teachers on the art of writing. Biography. Ralph Fletcher grew up in Marshfield, Massachusetts. He is the oldest of nine children. Each of his parents were one of eight children.He got his B.A. degree from Dartmouth College in 1975 and his M.F.A degree in writing from Columbia University in 1983. In college he studied in Tonga in the South Pacific and Sierra Leone, South Africa. After getting his masters degree, Ralph worked in New York City classrooms as part of the Teacher College writing project. Fletcher now lives in Lee, New Hampshire. He is married to JoAnn Portalupi, with her he has written several books for teachers. Together they have four sons. Awards. His young adult novel "Uncle Daddy" won a Christopher Medal in the Books for Young People, ages 10-12 category in 2002. "Fig Pudding", a young adult book by Fletcher, was recommended as one of the ten best books of 1995 by the American Library Association. Fletcher's poetry book "I Am Wings" was chosen by School Library Journal as one of their best books of 1994.
Werner Naumann (16 June 1909 in Guhrau - 25 October 1982 in Lüdenscheid) was a German State Secretary in the Propaganda Ministry during the Third Reich. He was appointed head (minister) of the Propaganda Ministry by Hitler in his political testament. This was because Goebbels was promoted to be the Chancellor of Germany. He was a member of the NSDAP and the SA. During the war he was also engaged in battle activities, first as an officer in the Wehrmacht’s Luftwaffe, later on an Officer in the Waffen-SS in the SS in general. Naumann was in the Führerbunker during the last days of Hitler in April 1945.
"Typhus is unrelated to both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever" Typhus is the name for a number of diseases, caused by bacteria called Rickettsiae. These bacteria are parasites that cannot survive outside their host organism. Depending on the species the host organisms are, fleas (on rats), harvest mites (on several rodents and humans), or lice (on humans). It is an epidemic disease. When the term is commonly used, it usually means "endemic typhus", which is spread by lice. The name "typhus" comes from Greek, where it means "smoky" or "hazy". This was the word used to describe the state of mind the patients are in.  Typhus can be treated with antibiotics.
Hershel Wayne Gober (born December 21, 1936) is a former government official and Vietnam War veteran. He served as acting United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) two times during the Clinton administration. The first time was from July 1, 1997 until January 2, 1998 between the resignation of Secretary Jesse Brown and the appointment of Togo D. West, Jr. as Acting Secretary. The second time came on July 25, 2000 and lasted until January 20, 2001 after the resignation of Secretary West; this time Gober served in the post until the end of the Clinton presidency. He started out in the VA as Deputy Secretary, serving from February 4, 1993 until August 10, 2000. Gober was also Secretary-designate, when Clinton named him on July 31, 1997 to replace Jesse Brown. However, the nomination was withdrawn before Senate action began. That happened on October 27 the same year.  During his time as Secretary, Gober headed a delegation that traveled to Vietnam to try to find information about missing veterans there. He also worked to improve health care and create more clinics for veterans.  Before serving in the VA, Gober was Director of the Arkansas Department of Veterans Affairs from January 4, 1988 to February 4, 1993 during President Clinton's time as Governor. In Vietnam. Gober served two tours in Vietnam. He also worked with an American/Vietnamese team that made Vietnamese songs. Later, in 1969, he was hurt while serving as a company commander.
Hazel Reid O'Leary (born May 17, 1937) was the seventh United States Secretary of Energy, from 1993 to 1997. She is the first woman and first and only African American to hold the position. Early life and education. Born Hazel Reid in Newport News, Virginia, she was the daughter of doctors Russell E. and Hazel Reid. She has two sisters, Edna Reid and Marina Morse; and two brothers, Louis and William Morse. After earning a bachelor's degree at Fisk University in Nashville, O'Leary earned her law degree from Rutgers School of Law—Newark. Marriage and family. Reid married John F. O'Leary on April 24, 1980. He was a former deputy energy secretary and died in 1987. They have a son named Carl.  Career. O'Leary worked as a prosecutor in New Jersey and later worked for the consulting/accounting firm of Coopers &amp; Lybrand. During the Carter Administration, O'Leary was made assistant administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, general counsel of the Community Services Administration, and administrator of the Economic Regulatory Administration at the Department of Energy.  In 1981, O'Leary and her husband established the consulting firm of O'Leary &amp; Associates, where she served as vice president and general counsel. From 1989 to 1993, she worked as an executive vice president of the Northern States Power Company.  In 1993 President Bill Clinton picked O'Leary as Secretary of Energy.  In 2004, O'Leary was selected as President of her undergraduate "alma mater", Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee.
Federico Fabian Peña (born March 15, 1947) was United States Secretary of Transportation from 1993 to 1997 and United States Secretary of Energy from 1997 to 1998, during the presidency of Bill Clinton. Early life. Born in Laredo, Texas, Peña earned a B.A. (1969) and a J.D. (1972) from the University of Texas at Austin and The University of Texas School of Law. Moving to Colorado, where he became an attorney, Peña was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1979, where he became the Minority Leader. In 1983, Peña became the first Hispanic Mayor of Denver, and he was re-elected in 1987. Career. Peña advised Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton on transportation issues during Clinton's successful 1992 presidential campaign, and Clinton chose Peña to head the United States Department of Transportation. Although he was going to leave Clinton's cabinet after Clinton's first term, Peña also served as Secretary of Energy for one year, from 1997 to 1998. In 1995 the Justice Department began a preliminary investigation into a California transit agency's awarding of a pension management contract to Peña's former investment management firm. However, Peña had cut all connections to his former company both before the contract and before becoming Transportation Secretary. On March 17, 1995 Janet Reno ended the investigation. Later career. When Peña left the Clinton administration, he returned to Denver and joined investment firm Vestar Capital Partners in August 1998, as Senior Advisor. On January 18, 2000, Vestar announced that Peña had become one of the firm's Managing Directors. Personal life. Peña is the father of three children: Nelia, Cristina, and Ryan Peña. The divorce of Federico Peña and his first wife, Ellen Hart Peña, became final on September 10, 2001. Federico Peña married Cindy Velasquez on September 2, 2006. Cindy Velasquez is a former broadcast executive for Channel 7, KMGH-TV, and Channel
Cynognathus is a therapsid that was the size of a wolf. This predator lived on open plains during the early to middle Triassic period, roughly 230-245 million years ago. It was probably warm-blooded, and females may have given birth to live young. Fossils have been found in South Africa and Argentina with four other creatures of the time: Lystrosaurus, Proterosuchus, Euparkeria and Erythrosuchus.
Natural units are ways of measuring things that depend on some basic characteristics of nature that do not change. Which of these basic quantities to choose can depend on the physics problems being investigated, and sometimes choosing one thing as a natural unit means that the size of something else does not become used as a natural unit in that system. The old system of English measurements such as the pound are based on convenient objects in the natural world. The "grain" is the smallest of these objects, and originally it meant the weight of a grain of wheat or barley. Each individual grain might be slightly larger or smaller than the next, but the more grains were added together to make a larger measure, the more these little differences would even out. Even so, these measures were not entirely precise and did not relate to other measures such as the inch or the foot. In order to make calculations simpler and units more precise, the Metric system was based on facts of nature such as the size of the earth, the length of a day, and the density of water. Difficulties later developed and other standards are used now for the old measures. Eventually it turned out that the mass of an electron or the mass of a proton were more useful standards to use for mass. All electrons are believed to have the same mass, and all protons are believed to have their own standard mass. But there is no simple mathematical relationship between the two masses. The speed of light, c, is a constant. So c is a very natural choice to use as a standard for measuring velocity. One choice for a standard of length is the Bohr radius. The simplest atom, hydrogen, only has one electron, and its smallest possible orbit, that with the lowest energy, is at a distance from the nucleus called the Bohr radius. With a standard for measuring distances and a standard for velocity, it would be possible to derive one standard unit of time. In practice, there are several ways of defining units of time. One of the most widely known ways to measure time by natural cycles is by using atomic clocks.
Fur seals are any of nine species of pinnipeds in the Otariidae family. One species, the northern fur seal ("Callorhinus ursinus") inhabits the North Pacific, while eight species in the Arctocephalus genus are found primarily in the Southern hemisphere. Therefore they are not a single taxonomic unit.
Mike Rodriguez (born April 20, 1989) is a former Ecuadorian footballer who currently plays for Ecuadorian side Deportivo Quito.
Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson (born 6 August 1990) is an Icelandic footballer who plays as a centre-back for Úrvalsdeild karla club Valur. He is the son of Eyjólfur Sverrisson, former Iceland international and manager. "Scores and results list Iceland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hólmar goal." Honours. Rosenborg
William "Billy" Abercromby (14 September 1958 – June 2024) was a Scottish football player. He and Fraser Kirkwood wrote "Aber's Gonnae Get Ye: The Billy Abercromby Story". It was published in 2009. Abercromby's death was announced on 18 June 2024.
Jürgen Seeberger (born 25 March 1965) is a German football manager, who was most recently the coach of Liechtensteiner club FC Vaduz.