ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A sensory receptor, or sense organ, is the part which responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. It is the input to the sensory system. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor fires off a nerve fibre which goes to the central nervous system. In order to detect changes in the environment organisms need receptors. Organisms have various receptors, ranging from simple light or touch sensitive cells to complex nervous systems.  Receptors are generally specialised for the detection of a specific type of stimulus.
The parietal lobe is a part of the brain positioned above the occipital lobe and behind the frontal lobe.  The parietal lobe brings together information from different senses, particularly spatial sense and navigation. For example, it uses input about touch, balance and the visual system. This enables the parietal cortex to map seen objects in relation to the body (into 'body coordinate positions'). This makes it possible for a person to reach out and handle objects. The name derives from the overlying parietal bone, which is named from the Latin "pariet-", = 'wall'.
The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of humans and other mammals, at the front of each cerebral hemisphere. It is in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobes.  The frontal lobes takes action based on sensory information (sight, sound, touch) from the three rear areas of the cerebrum. The action is moderated by the influence of the pre-frontal cortex. The system is a delicate balance between the need to satisfy urges from the most ancient parts of the brain, such as hunger, self-defence and sex, with the need to act in a way which is socially acceptable.  The precentral gyrus, forming the back of the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex. This controls voluntary movements of specific body parts. Evolution. For many years, many scientists thought that the frontal lobe was comparatively larger in humans than in other primates. They thought that this was an important feature of human evolution and was the main reason why human cognition is different from that of the other primates.  However, this view has been challenged by later research. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to find the volume of the frontal cortex in humans, all living ape species and several monkey species. The human frontal cortex is "not" relatively larger than the cortex in the other great apes, but it is relatively larger than the frontal cortex in the lesser apes and the monkeys.
The temporal lobe is a region of the cerebral cortex that is under the Sylvian fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. The temporal lobe is involved in auditory perception and is home to the primary auditory cortex. It is also important for the processing of semantics (meaning) in both speech and vision. The temporal lobe contains the hippocampus and plays a key role in the formation of long-term memory. An area in the Sylvian fissure is the first place where auditory signals from the cochlea reach the cerebral cortex. This part of the cortex (primary auditory cortex) is involved in hearing. Other areas of the temporal lobes are involved in high-level auditory processing. In humans this includes speech, for which the left temporal lobe in particular seems to be specialized. Wernicke's area, which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes, plays a key role (with Broca's area, which is in the frontal lobe). The functions of the left temporal lobe extends to comprehension, naming, verbal memory and other language functions.  The underside of the temporal lobes do high-level visual processing of faces and scenes. Front parts of this area are involved in object perception and recognition. Deep inside the medial temporal lobes lie the hippocampus, which is essential for memory function – particularly the transfer from short to long term memory and control of spatial memory and behaviour.
The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, making 2.5 turns around its axis. A core component of the cochlea is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name is from the Greek κοχλίας "kokhlias" ("snail, screw"), from κόχλος "kokhlos" ("spiral shell"). This is in reference to its coiled shape: the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions.
Limit is an inverted roller coaster at Heide-Park Soltau, Germany. It is a standard "Suspended Looping Coaster" built by Dutch roller coaster builder Vekoma and opened in 1999. Limit has 5 inversions, has a length of 689 meter, a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour. One round takes 1 minute and 36 seconds. Limit has 2 trains with each 10 cars. 1 car can hold 2 riders, which gives a total of 20 riders per train. The maximum capacity is 1040 riders per hour.
Survivor Series (2011) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It took place on November 20, 2011 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. It was the 25th Survivor Series event held by WWE and the third held at Madison Square Garden (after the 1996 and 2002 editions). In the main event, The Rock wrestled his first match since 2004. He and John Cena defeated The Miz and R-Truth. Also, CM Punk defeated Alberto Del Rio by submission to win his second WWE Championship. This would be the start of the sixth longest WWE Championship reign in history.
Super Size Me is a 2003 American documentary movie directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock. It is about an experiment where Spurlock ate nothing but food from McDonald's for thirty days. He ate at McDonald's three times a day, eating an average of 5,000 kcal per day. This experiment lasted from February 1 to March 2, 2003. This experiment was bad for his own physical and psychological health.  During the experiment, Spurlock gained 24½ lbs., had a 13% body mass increase, his cholesterol level went to 230, and he had mood swings, sexual dysfunction, and had fat accumulation in his liver. After the experiment, he recovered with a vegan diet his then-future wife prepared for him (she is a gourmet vegetarian cook). This experiment was conducted because of the obesity epidemic in the United States, and because of a case in which two teenage girls sued McDonald's who claimed they became obese as a result of eating food from McDonald's. Spurlock also uses this movie to criticize McDonald's and the fast food industry, ranging from the sale of unhealthy food to corporate marketing and to the personal profit of these organizations.
Brussels Airport (IATA "BRU") is the national airport of Belgium. It is the biggest airport in Belgium. It has more than 17 billion travelers each year. It is 18 km from Brussels, the capital of Belgium. The airport is used by a lot of airlines such as Brussels Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines and Jetairfly. On 22 March 2016, two bombs exploded at the airport.  Terminals. The airport has two terminals. (A terminal is a building where passengers wait to get on planes.) One terminal is used for flights to the Schengen Area. The second terminal is used for flights to countries out of the Schengen Area.
Raymond Albert Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American entrepreneur. He was best known for turning the McDonald's restaurant chain into a franchise company. Kroc's life while franchising McDonald's was made into a movie called "The Founder" with Michael Keaton playing Kroc.
A non-Newtonian fluid is a thixotropic fluid which changes its viscosity when the forces on it change. Other flow properties may also be affected. Most commonly viscosity of such fluids is not independent of the shear rate or the shear rate history. Examples of such fluids are blood, quicksand and certain components of cement. Many lubricants, ketchup, and oobleck. Also certain forms of dough and pudding also have this property. The other kind of fluids that do not show this behavior is called Newtonian fluids. It is very simple to make a non-Newtonian fluid at home. All one needs is water and cornstarch. Mix these two ingredients together at a rate of one part cornstarch and one and a half parts water. That makes a non-Newtonian fluid called oobleck.
Airblue Limited (styled as airblue) is a private airline. Its head office is in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline (after Pakistan International Airlines). It has over 20% of Pakistan's market. Airblue operates scheduled flights operating 30 daily services, linking four domestic destinations and international services to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Muscat and Manchester. It carried 1.4 million passengers on domestic flights in the 2006–2007 season. Its main hub is Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan. The airline started its operations on June 2004. It had 3 leased Airbus A320-200 airplanes serving three daily domestic flights. In 2007, the company started flights to Manchester via a fuel stop at Trabzon in Turkey. This route is the longest route operated by an A320 family airplanes in the world. It is also the longest scheduled route operated by an Airbus narrow-body airplanes.
The Schengen Area is an area that includes 29 European countries. All of those countries have signed the Schengen Agreement in Schengen, Luxembourg in 1985.  The Schengen area removes passport control between its member countries. This means travelers who go from one Schengen country to another do not clear immigration checks anymore. Passengers go through immigration checks if they enter or exit the Schengen Area.  The current members of the Schengen Area are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Because Switzerland is not part of the European Economic Area, customs control in Switzerland still exists.  At this moment, over 420 million people live in the area. The territory covers 4,312,099 square kilometres. History. On 14 June 1985 the Schengen Agreement was signed. This happened on the boat "Princess Marie-Astrid" in the middle of the river Moselle. On that place, the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet. Five countries signed the Agreement: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany. It was signed, but that didn't mean it was already implemented. In 26 March 1995, all European Union members (except the United Kingdom and Ireland) signed the Agreement. Norway and Iceland also signed the Agreement.  On 1 May 2004, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the EU. They signed the Schengen agreement on that same day. They implemented the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007. Switzerland joined the Schengen Area on 12 December 2008. Liechtenstein joined it on 19 December 2011. Croatia joined it on 1 January 2023. Members. Twenty-nine countries belong to the Schengen Area. All these countries are members of the European Union, except Iceland, Liechten
Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969) is an American rapper. He is best known by his stage name MC Ren. MC Ren was a member of the gangsta rap group N.W.A. Childhood and early life. Like all N.W.A members (except Ice Cube) he was born and raised in Compton, California.  Rapping career. He joined N.W.A after completing his senior year of high school. He was with N.W.A on all their studio and EP releases. Problems over money caused N.W.A to end. MC Ren and all the other members of N.W.A went solo.  Using Eazy E's record label, Ruthless Records, Ren released his first album "Shock of Tha Hour" in 1993.
Undergraduate education is a level of education wherein a student completes their first degree. The first degree of an undergraduate degree is normally named a bachelor's degree. Therefore, for many subjects in many systems of education, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a bachelor's degree. This education usually takes place in a university. In the United States, a person starting at a university is known as undergraduate while students who have higher degrees are known as graduate students. In some other educational systems and subjects, undergraduate education is between secondary education and a master's degree, for example in some science and engineering courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe. Differences in different places. Brazil. In Brazil, it normally takes four or five years to complete an "undergraduate" degree. Students need to choose their main subjects before they join the university by taking a test named a "vestibular". Europe. Undergraduate degrees are not like in the United States where students have general studies during the first years and only specialize in a "major" during the last years of college. European students enroll in a specific course of studies they want to do from the start. They are expected to have received a good general education already in the secondary level in a school (like a gymnasium or lycée). In many countries they go to university at 18 or 17. The degree normally takes four or five years. After completing the first degree students can move on to doctoral studies. In many countries, the English distinction between a bachelor's and master's degree is only now being introduced by the Bologna process. This means that the old first degree would be approximately equal to a master's degree in the US or the UK. United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, undergraduate normally means students studying to get a Bachelor's degree. It is also called an award. Getting a bachelor's degree normally takes three years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, it takes four years to obtain a Bachelor's degree "with honours", and five years to obtain a Scottish master's degree. Alternatively, what is known as an "ordinary degree" can be obtained in three years. Some undergraduates in England do a master's degree as their first degree
Thixotropy is the property of certain gels or fluids that are viscous (thick) under normal conditions, but flow (become thin, less viscous) when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed. In more technical language: some Non-Newtonian fluids show a change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear stress, the lower its viscosity. A thixotropic fluid is a fluid which takes a finite time to attain equilibrium viscosity when introduced to a step change in shear rate. Many gels and colloids are thixotropic materials, exhibiting a stable form at rest but becoming fluid when agitated.  Some fluids are anti-thixotropic: constant shear stress for a time causes an increase in viscosity or even solidification. Constant shear stress can be applied by shaking or mixing. They are much less common. Natural examples. It is a common experience walking on sand that in places it liquifies as one walks on it. This is a thixotropic response to pressure. In extremes, a quicksand may be danger to people and animals. Some clays are thixotropic, and their behaviour is of great importance in structural and geotechnical engineering. Landslides, such as those common in the cliffs around Lyme Regis, Dorset and in the Aberfan disaster in Wales are evidence of this. Similarly, a lahar is a mass of earth liquefied by a volcanic event, which rapidly solidifies once coming to rest.  Drilling muds used in geotechnical applications can be thixotropic. Honey from honey bees may also exhibit this property under certain conditions.(Heather honey).  Another example of a thixotropic fluid is the synovial fluid found in joints between some bones. Some clay deposits found in the process of exploring caves exhibit thixotropism: an initially solid-seeming mudbank will turn soupy and yield up moisture when dug into or otherwise disturbed. These clays were deposited in the past by low-velocity streams which tend to deposit fine-grained sediment. These properties are often used in commercial products which are applied to surfaces, such as paint or toothpaste. With paint, the fluidity vanishes quickly and the surface sets permanently as water (or oil) evaporates.
Super Mario 3D Land is a 2011 game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. It was released on November 3, 2011 in Japan, November 13, 2011 in America, November 18 in Europe, and November 24 in Australia. In it, you can become Tanooki Mario, Boomerang Mario and you can also get the old power-ups (Super Mushroom, Fire Flower, Super Star). A sequel, titled "Super Mario 3D World", was released for the Wii U in November 2013. Reviews. The game got praise from many critics. It was rated 9.5 out of 10 by IGN, and 94% by Official Nintendo Magazine, but GameSpot gave the game a lower score of 8/10. Overall, the game received a 90/100 on Metacritic.
Coke is a fuel used mainly in blast furnaces to reduce iron oxide to produce iron. It contains carbon, and is similar to coal. It is made from coal by cooking out things that are not carbon. Coke is a product of destructive distillation of coal. This is done in an airless furnace or oven (kiln) at temperatures as high as but usually around . This baking drives off volatile parts of the coal, such as water, gas, and tar. Coke is an almost pure form of carbon. The calorific value (heat energy produced when a fuel is burnt) of coke is about 56,000 kilojoules/kilogram. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. The carbon monoxide produced by its combustion reduces iron oxide (hematite) to the iron product. Although coke is more expensive than coal, it can be used in households as a clean fuel, relatively free of smoke and impurities. At the present day its use in domestic heating has been less than oil or gas, but in the 20th century it was often used in kitchen stoves.
Pope Urban V (; 1310 – December 19, 1370), born Guillaume Grimoard, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 201st Pope from 1362 until his death in 1370. He was the sixth of the seven popes who lived in Avignon in France. Early life. Grimoard was born in Grizac in the Languedoc region of France. Benedictine. He became a Benedictine monk; and he was ordained at Chirac. Grimoard became the abbot of Saint-Victor in Marseille. Cardinal. He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals. Some of these were Pope Urban IV and Pope Urban VI. Pope. Grimoard was elected pope on September 28, 1362; and he chose to be called Pope Urban. Pope Urban was involved in Italian and European political disputes. In 1367, the pope traveled from Avignon to Rome. He returned to Avignon in where he died in 1370. After his death. In 1870, Urban V was beatified by Pope Pius IX.
A Squad automatic weapon (SAW, also known as section automatic weapon or light support weapon) is a weapon used to give infantry squads or sections automatic firepower that can easily be moved around. Weapons used for this are selective fire rifles. They usually have a bipod and a heavier barrel so that they can be used as light machine guns. SAWs usually fire the same cartridge as the assault rifles or battle rifles used by other people in the squad/section. This makes logistics easier because only one type of ammunition needs to be given to a unit. SAWs are light enough to be used by one man. However, heavy machine guns such as the Browning M2 are more powerful but need a crew to be as effective as they can be. Overview. Many SAWs (such as the RPK and L86) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed. They may be able to carry more ammunition and will almost always have a bipod. In the case of some assault rifles, such as the H&amp;K G36 or Steyr AUG, the SAW is simply the usual rifle with a few parts changed. However, the Austrian Army, who uses the most Steyr AUGs, doesn't use the HBAR (heavy barrel) version of the assault rifle. Instead, they use the MG 74, which is a gun which was made from the design of the German WW2-machine gun MG 42. One of the first weapons designed for this role was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle. Even though it could not carry many bullets in its magazine, it was still better than the usual infantry rifle.
In mathematics, the word sign refers to the property of being positive or negative. Every real number that is non-zero is either positive or negative, and therefore has a sign. Zero itself is without a sign, or signless. In addition to putting signs into real numbers, the word sign is used throughout mathematics to indicate parts of mathematical objects that mean positivity and negativity. Usually, if numbers are seen without a sign, they are seen as a positive number. Otherwise, a minus sign "formula_1" is appended before the number to indicate that the number is a negative of another number. The word sign is also sometimes used to refer to various mathematical signs, such as the plus and minus signs and the multiplication sign. Sign of a number. A real number is said to be positive if it is greater than zero, and negative if it is less than zero. The attribute of being positive or negative is called the sign of the number. Zero itself is not considered to have a sign. In arithmetic, the sign of a number is often denoted by placing a plus or minus sign before the number. For example, +3 would denote a positive 3, and −3 would denote a negative 3. When no plus or minus sign is given, the main way of seeing it is that a number is positive. In algebra equations, a positive number may need to have a positive sign before it. For example, in algebraic subtraction, you would write (+8) + (-6). The sign of any number that is not zero can be changed to positive using the absolute value function. For example, the absolute value of −3 and the absolute value of 3 are both equal to 3. In symbols, this would be written as |−3| = 3 and |3| = 3. Sign of zero. The number zero is neither positive nor negative, and therefore has no sign. In arithmetic, +0 and −0 both mean the same number 0. Meanings of signs. Because zero is neither positive nor negative, the following are sometimes used to refer to the sign of an unknown number: Thus a non-negative number is either positive or zero, while a non-positive number is either
A coordinate system is a system of numbers used to uniquely determine the position of a point. For two-dimensional systems, the numbers (scalars) are in ordered pairs. More dimensions call for more numbers.  For example, (3) is one-dimensional, (1, 4) is two-dimensional, (1, 5, 9) is three-dimensional, (2, 6, 5, 3) is four-dimensional, and (5, 8, 9, 7, 9) is five-dimensional.
Protopunk is a term used to describe the precursors of punk rock. Many of the artists whose sound helped pave the way for punk came from the 1960s and early 1970s. Some have been cited by early punk musicians as influential. These artists came from many different musical backgrounds. Bands. Below is a list of notable bands who influenced early punk rock.
Jennifer Jason Leigh (born February 5, 1962) is an American movie and stage actress. She is best known for her roles in "Fast Times at Ridgemont High", "Single White Female", "Last Exit to Brooklyn", "Georgia", "Kill Your Darlings", "Short Cuts" and "The Hateful Eight". She has had many roles in which she portrays vulnerable, abused and damaged women in her movies. For the movie "Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle", Leigh got a Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress. Leigh was born in Hollywood, California. Her Father Was Legendary Actor Vic Morrow. References. 3. Jennifer Jason Leigh. Height Net Worth. Retrieved Dic 3, 2020.