ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was a British physicist, chemist, mathematician and active sportsman. Bragg shared a Nobel Prize with his son William Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics. Adelaide. In 1885, at 23, Bragg was appointed Elder Professor of Mathematics and Experimental Physics at the University of Adelaide, and started work there early in 1886. Bragg was an able and popular lecturer; he encouraged the formation of the student union, and the attendance, free of charge, of science teachers at his lectures. Bragg was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1907. Leeds. Bragg returned to England at the end of 1908 and took the Cavendish Chair in Physics at the University of Leeds in 1909. He published an imporant early work on radioactivity, "Studies in radioactivity", in 1912. He invented the X-ray spectrometer, and began work with his son. Together they founded the new technique of X-ray crystallography, for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1915. That year was also marked by their book "X-rays and crystal structure", the standard text for many years. From 1914, both father and son contributed to the war effort; W.H. Bragg was connected with submarine detection, at Aberdour on Forth and at Harwich, and returned to London in 1918 as a consultant to the Admiralty. University College London. Bragg was appointed Quain Professor of Physics at University College London in 1915, but did not take up his duties there until after World War I. Royal Institution. From 1923 he was Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution and director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory. This institution was practically rebuilt in 1929-30 and, under Bragg's directorship, many valuable papers were issued from the laboratory.
Christine of France (Christine Marie; 10 February 1606 – 27 December 1663) was the second daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de Medici. A sister of Louis XIII, she was married to the future Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy in 1619 aged fourteen. She was said to be volatile and frivolous. Educated at the French court, she introduced French culture into Savoy. Her husband succeeded to the Savoyard throne in 1637 and thus Christine became Duchess of Savoy through marriage. At the death of Victor Amadeus I in 1637, Christine was created "regent" in the name of her son Francis Hyacinth. However, at the death of Francis Hyacinth in 1638, the throne went to her second surviving son who became Charles Emmanuel II. Officially regent till 1648, she maintained huge influence within the Savoyard government at the time which only ended at her death in 1663. Daughter of France. Christine was born in the Palais du Louvre in Paris and was the third child of King Henry IV of France and his second wife, Marie de' Medici. As a daughter of the king, she held the prestigious rank of "Fille de France". Baptised with the names "Christine Marie", she was known simply as Christine. She was a younger sister of Louis XIII of France and Élisabeth, a future queen of Spain. After the marriage of Princess Élisabeth in 1615 to the future Philip IV of Spain, Christine took on the honorary title of "Madame Royale" indicating her status as the eldest and most senior unmarried daughter at the court. She would be known as this till her own marriage. Princess of Piedmont. She married Victor Amadeus of Savoy, on 10 February 1619 at the Louvre in Paris. Her husband was styled the Prince of Piedmont and as such she the Princess. Victor Amadeus was the eldest surviving son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Catherine Michelle of Austria the latter of which had died in 1597 as a result of childbirth. As
Victor Amadeus I (8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was also known as the "Lion of Susa".  Biography. He was born in Turin to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Catherine Micaela of Austria. He spent much of his childhood at the Spanish court in Madrid. When his brother Filippo Emanuele, Prince of Piedmont died, he became legitimate heir to the duchy and received the loyalty swore of the court at Racconigi on 21 January 1607. After a crisis with relationships with Spain, he was married to Henry IV of France's daughter Christine Marie in 1619. Victor Amadeus became Duke of Savoy after his father's death in 1630. Charles Emmanuel's policies had brought a great instability in the relationships with both France and Spain, and troops were needed to defend the Duchy. As money was lacking to recruit mercenaries or train indigenous soldiers, Victor Amadeus signed a peace treaty with Spain. With the Treaty of Cherasco, Savoy was given back Pinerolo, although, according to a secret point of the agreement, that important stronghold was to remain with France in exchange for Geneve. On 25 September of that year, Victor Amadeus fell ill after a dinner offered by the Duke of Créqui. Carried to Turin, he died here on 7 October.
Alex Rider is a series of spy books. It is written by British author Anthony Horowitz. The series is about a teenage spy named Alex Rider. The series is aimed at young adults. There are fourteen books in the series, but short stories and other books have been published too. The novels are published by Walker Books in the United Kingdom. The first novel, "Stormbreaker", was published in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2000 and was adapted into a movie in 2006. Over 10 million books in the Alex Rider series have been sold worldwide. There are a total of 10 Alex rider books, and more to come.
The Liebenauer Stadium (formerly known as Arnold Schwarzenegger stadium, or UPC-Arena) is a football stadium in Graz, Austria. It is the homeground of SK Sturm Graz. Construction. The first stadium was built before the Second World War. In the 1950s it was renovated and expanded with a skating rink (now home of the ice hockey team Graz 99ers) and an indoor pool. In the 1970s it became home ground of the big football clubs of Graz, SK Sturm and Grazer AK. Name history. The stadium was originally named after the bodybuilder, actor and Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger who was born near Graz. It was built from 1994 to 1997 and was opened with the derby Grazer AK versus SK Sturm Graz.  When Governor Schwarzenegger did not pardon a prisoner from death penalty a discussion started about the name. Governor Schwarzenegger took back the right to use his name. Now the name was Stadium Graz-Liebenau after the part of the town where it is. In 2006 the stadium was named UPC Arena after a sponsor of SK Sturm Graz. UPC is a big Austrian internet provider. Since April 2016 it is named Merkur-Arena. Merkur is a big insurance company in Austria. Structure. The stadium has a capacity of 15 400 in 27 sectors. For Champions League matches the capacity is expanded to 16 000. The field has a lawn heating. Two video walls and floodlight are also in the arena. Games. The stadium was host for the national team of Austria versus Faroe Islands on 5 September 2009 which ended 3–1 for the home team. Altogether 14 matches of the national team were held here (The first one was in 1970 versus Yugoslavia).  Also the match England versus Japan on 30 May 2010 was held in the arena. The English team had a training Camp in Styria for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The match ended 2–1 to England. In 2011 it was one of the venues for the American Football world championship.
James Joseph "Jim" Parsons (born March 24, 1973) is an American actor and producer. Parsons is best known for playing the role of Sheldon Cooper in the television series, "The Big Bang Theory". In 2010, he won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Lead Actor In a Comedy Series" and in 2011, he won a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor - Television Series - Musical or Comedy". Both of these awards were given to him for his role in "The Big Bang Theory". According to The New York Times, Parsons is gay.
John Mark "Johnny" Galecki (born April 30, 1975) is an Belgian-born American actor. Galecki is best known for playing the role of David Healy on "Roseanne" and Leonard Hofstadter on "The Big Bang Theory".  Early life. Galecki was born in Bree, Belgium to American parents. He was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. Personal life. Galecki dated Kaley Cuoco who is his co-star on "The Big Bang Theory". They dated secretly for two years before they broke up. In February 2012, it was revealed that Galecki was dating actress Kelli Garner since 2011.
Gary Paul Davis (born September 11, 1968 in Upland, California), known by his stage name Litefoot, is an American rapper and actor. He is of Cherokee and Chichimeca descent. He was the first Native American person to rap and he called his style of music tribalistic funk.  Davis is also an actor and acted in the movies "The Indian in the Cupboard" in 1995, "" in 1997, "Kull the Conqueror" in 1997 and "Adaptation" in 2002.
A bridesmaid is a member of the bride's group in a wedding. A bridesmaid is usually a young woman, and often a close friend or sister. She helps the bride on the day of a wedding or marriage ceremony. Traditionally, bridesmaids were chosen from unmarried young women who were old enough to be married. The main bridesmaid may be called the chief bridesmaid or maid of honor if she is unmarried, or the matron of honor if she is married. A junior bridesmaid is a girl who is clearly too young to get married, but who is included as an honorary bridesmaid.
Harlow is a former Mark One New Town and local government district in the west of Essex, England. It is on the border with Hertfordshire. Harlow is a large area of land on the south bank of the upper Stort Valley, which has been made navigable through other towns and features a canal section near its watermill. Old Harlow is a village-size suburb founded in the early medieval age and most of its high street buildings are early Victorian and residential, mostly protected by one of the Conservation Areas in the district. In Old Harlow is a field named Harlowbury, a de-settled monastic area which has the remains of a chapel, a scheduled ancient monument. The M11 motorway passes through the east of the district, entirely to the east of the town. Harlow has its own commercial and leisure economy. It is also an outer part of the London commuter belt and employment centre of the M11 corridor which includes Cambridge and London Stansted to the north.
Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American fantasy adventure movie with Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Hathaway, Crispin Glover, Michael Sheen, Matt Lucas, Barbara Windsor, Christopher Lee, Alan Rickman, Michael Gough and Stephen Fry. A sequel of the film, "Alice Through the Looking Glass", was released in 2016. It is based on the Disney film "Alice in Wonderland", which is based on "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, a" book written by Lewis Carroll. The score is by Danny Elfman.
Three Days Grace is a Canadian alternative rock band. They formed in 1992 in Norwood, Ontario as a post-grunge band and were originally called "Groundswell". There are four members in the band: Adam Gontier, Barry Stock, Neil Sanderson and Brad Walst. The band was named "Number One Rock Artist of the Year" by Billboard.  Gontier resigned from the band on January 9, 2013 due to a "non-life threatening" health issue and was replaced by My Darkest Days lead singer Matt Walst.
The Amsterdam Museum is a museum in Amsterdam. Before 2011 it was called the Amsterdams Historisch Museum. It is in the old orphanage between Kalverstraat and Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal. History. Since 1975, the museum has been in a building that was first built in 1580 as Amsterdam's orphanage. The museum has paintings and old photographs and a cafe.
Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer who won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his father Sir William Bragg. Personal life. Bragg was always known as Sir Lawrence Bragg, and his father was Sir William Bragg. Lawrence Bragg was educated in Adelaide, Australia and in England. He was awarded the Military Cross in World War I. He died at a hospital near his home at Waldringfield, Ipswich, Suffolk. He was buried in Trinity College, Cambridge. Career. Lawrence Bragg discovered (1912) the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, the basis of X-ray crystallography. He was joint winner (with his father, Sir William Bragg) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915. Winning the Nobel at the age of 25, Lawrence Bragg is the youngest Nobel Laureate. He was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953. He was elected an FRS in 1921. He was knighted by George VI in 1941, and received both the Copley Medal and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society.
Hoverflies, sometimes called 'flower flies' or 'syrphid flies', are the insect family Syrphidae. Hoverflies mimic wasp stripes, and are usually smaller than wasps. Thus to a bird they may look scarcely worth eating, and dangerous.  As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or sucking nectar at flowers. The adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae (maggots) eat a wide range of foods. In some species, the larvae are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant and animal matter in the soil or in ponds and streams. In other species, the larvae are insectivores and prey on aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects. Aphids alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year. Hoverflies are important natural enemies of these pests, and can be used in biological control. Some adult syrphid flies are important pollinators. Some orchids mimic aphid alarm scent (pheromones), which attracts hoverflies. The hoverflies then pollinate the orchids. About 6,000 species in 200 genera have been described. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on most continents except Antarctica. Hoverflies are harmless to most other animals despite their mimicry of the black and yellow stripes of wasps. They are a classic example of Batesian mimicry. The Batesian mimic is a sheep in wolf's clothing: it looks like something dangerous or which tastes disgusting, but in reality it is good to eat. Hover flies look roughly like little wasps, and their warning colouration is well-known to birds. Unlike adults, the maggots of hoverflies feed on a variety of foods. Predatory species benefit farmers and gardeners, because aphids destroy crops. Hoverfly maggots are often used in biological control.
Atomkraft was an English heavy metal band who were part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement. They formed in 1979 and disbanded 1988. Their "Total Metal" approach is somewhere between fellow NWOBHM bands such as Motörhead and Venom, punk rock bands such as The Dickies, and early Exodus or Slayer.
James Joseph Wisniewski (born February 21, 1984) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. He played parts of fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Anaheim Ducks, New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Carolina Hurricanes. He also one season with Admiral Vladivostok of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) and one season with Kassel Huskies of the DEL2. Career. Before playing in the NHL, Wisniewski played four seasons with the Plymouth Whalers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Wisniewski would be drafted 156th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He would spend his time playing between the Blackhawks and their AHL-affiliate teams, the Norfolk Admirals and Rockford IceHogs. His season would end short after he tore his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in a game against the Los Angeles Kings and underwent surgery on March 8, 2007. On March 4, 2009, the Blackhawks would trade Wisniewski along with Petri Kontiola to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Samuel Påhlsson and Logan Stephenson. Wisniewski would be given an eight-game suspension for a hit he delivered on his friend and former Blackhawks teammate Brent Seabrook on On March 17, 2010. On July 30, 2010, the Ducks traded Wisniewski to the New York Islanders for a third-round draft pick. He would play 32 games with them. On December 28, 2010, the Islanders traded him to the Montreal Canadiens for draft picks. He would play 43 games with the Canadiens. On June 29, 2011, the Canadiens traded Wisniewski to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for a seventh-round (fifth-round if he signed) draft pick. On July 1, he would eventually sign a six-year, $33 million contract with the Blue Jackets. On September 26, 2011, Wisniewski would be suspended eleven games after he hit Minnesota Wild player Cal Cl
"Superman's Dead" is a 1996 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the first single from their second studio album "Clumsy", which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner. The song is about how much TV that children watch and also the content of it. The song looks at the dark expectations that are garnered from media images. The song is one of the most popular songs from Our Lady Peace and is also a definitive example of Our Lady Peace's staple sound with the main thing being Raine Maida's voice.
"Supersatellite" is a 1995 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the fourth single from their debut studio album "Naveed", which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. The song was inspired by a book from Ken Carey.
"Hope" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the third single from their debut studio album "Naveed", which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. The meaning of the song is about a girl named Hope who going into insanity. She thinks she's a sunflower so she climbs on top of a piano and reaches for the sun.
"Thief" is a 1999 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the third single from their third studio album "Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch", which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. Meaning of the song. Our Lady Peace said that the song was about a young girl from Kitchener, Ontario named Mina Kim. Kim had a cancerous tumor in her brain. The word thief in the song refers to the tumor. At the end of the song there is a sound clip of a young girl that is actually Mina Kim singing a "Little By Little" with Maida's wife Chantal Kreviazuk.
"Right Behind You (Mafia)" is a 2001 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their fourth studio album "Spiritual Machines", which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner and was produced by both Arnold Lanni and Raine Maida. Meaning of the song. The song was inspired by Ray Kurzweil's book, "The Age of Spiritual Machines". It was written as more of a response to Kurzweil's predictions which Raine noticed did not involve the human spirit as a factor.
"Innocent" is a 2002 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their fifth studio album "Gravity", which was released in 2002. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Bob Rock.  Meaning of the song. The song is about people that are suffering which also includes a girl with cancer. Maida stated in 2002 that Innocent was his favorite song on the Gravity album and said that "I wrote this song over a year ago and I was originally hesitant to play it for the band, but once we got into the studio and began working with Bob we were able to make it an Our Lady Peace song.".
In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture of two or more components. In a suspension, very small pieces of solid are mixed in a liquid but do not dissolve. If left still, the solid pieces will separate from the liquid and either fall to the bottom or rise to the top. Sand in water and flour in water are examples of suspensions. Suspensions may separate quickly or stay suspended for a long time, depending on what they contain. If a liquid is suspended in another liquid, it is called an emulsion. Milk is an emulsion. If a liquid is suspended in a gas it is an aerosol. Mist is an aerosol.
The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (NWOBHM) was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in Britain. It was well known around the world by the early 1980s, NWOBHM has developed underground and is the starting point for the sound of modern heavy metal. The movement developed as a reaction in part to the decline of early heavy metal bands such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath. Some NWOBHM bands are Saxon, Motörhead, Diamond Head, and Iron Maiden. References.
A Dreidel (סביבון,דרעידעל) is a four-sided top which is played in the Hanukkah season by Jewish people. It is game of luck which uses candy, coins or other betting tokens.  Rules. The players start out with 10 or 15 tokens. Each player puts one token in the pot. The Dreidel has four sides. נ (Nun), ג (Gimel), ה (Hei), and ש (Shin). Nun means that the player does nothing. Gimel means that the player gets all the tokens from the pot. Hei means that the player gets half of the tokens from the pot. And Shin means that the player has to put one token in the pot.  If the Pot is empty, each player puts one token in the pot. If the pot has an odd number of tokens, one player puts one token in the pot. The player is out if he/she runs out of tokens. Whoever is left standing, or has the most tokens at the end wins the game.
Misery is a feeling of great unhappiness, suffering and/or pain. Misery may also refer to: In entertainment: Places: In music:
Walter Horton (April 6, 1917 – December 8, 1981) was an American blues harp player. He is also known as Big Walter Horton or "Shakey" Horton. Life. He was born in Horn Lake, Mississippi and started playing harp at the age of five. In his teens he went to Memphis and lived with little income and a lot of discrimination. In the 1930s he played with many musicians across the Mississippi delta region. He made his first recording in Memphis with the guitarist Little Buddy Doyle. Due to poor health he worked outside the music industry in the 1940s. In the early 1950s he was one of the first musicians recording for Sam Phillips at Sun Records in Memphis, who would later record Elvis Presley. At this time he also was part of the Chicago blues scene, where he recorded amongst others with Eddie Taylor and Johnny Shines. After Junior Wells left the Muddy Waters Band he recorded one session with Waters. In the 1960s he recorded often as sideman for other musicians. He played frequently in the 1970s at blues and folk music festivals in the U.S. and Europe, often with Willie Dixon's Chicago Blues All-Stars. In 1977 he joined Johnny Winter and Muddy Waters on Winter's album I'm Ready. At that time he also recorded for Blind Pig Records. Horton appeared in the Maxwell Street scene in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. His final recordings were made in 1980. He got his nickname "Shakey" because while playing he moved his head. He did his own first recording not until 1964 because he was a humble and shy person who did not like to be a leader. He felt more comfortable as sideman for others. Big Walter Horton died from heart failure in Chicago in 1981 aged 64.