ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Leslie Eleazer Orgel FRS (12 January 1927 – 27 October 2007) was a British chemist. Born in London, Orgel received his B.A. and Ph.D in chemistry at Magdalen College, Oxford University. He was one of the first people to see, in April 1953, Crick and Watson's model of DNA: at the time he worked at Oxford University's Chemistry Department. In 1964 Orgel was appointed Senior Fellow and Research Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directed the Chemical Evolution Laboratory. He was also an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and he was one of five principal investigators in the NASA-sponsored NSCORT program in exobiology. Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analysis Team that designed the gas chromatography mass spectrometer instrument that robots took to the planet Mars. Orgel’s lab came across an economical way to make cytarabine, a compound that is one of today’s most commonly used anti-cancer agents. During the 1970s, Orgel suggested reconsidering the panspermia hypothesis, according to which the earliest forms of life on earth did not originate here, but arrived from outer space with meteorites. Together with Stanley Miller, Orgel also suggested that peptide nucleic acids – rather than ribonucleic acids – constituted the first pre-biotic systems capable of self-replication on early Earth. His name is popularly known because of Orgel's rules, credited to him, particularly Orgel's Second Rule: "Evolution is cleverer than you are". In his book "The Origins of Life", Orgel coined the concept of specified complexity, to describe the criterion by which living organisms are distinguished from non-living matter. He published over three hundred articles in his research areas. Orgel died of cancer on 27 October 2007 at the San Diego Hospice &amp; Palliative Care in San Diego, California.
The Azerbaijani law forbidding gay sex was abolished in 2000. A special edition of "Azerbaijan", the official newspaper of the Parliament, published on 28 May, reported that the Parliament had approved a new Criminal Code, and that the President had signed a decree bringing it into force in September. The text of the new Criminal Code was also published. The old Article 113 (inherited from the Soviet era which punished anal sex between men with three years imprisonment) has been replaced with a new Article 150, which bans only forcible sexual acts. Modern times. When Azerbaijan became part of USSR, homosexuality was a crime in Azerbaijan, although it was not in Russia. After the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, homosexual acts were legalized in 2000.  Although homosexual acts between consenting male adults were officially decriminalized, there were still reports about police abuses against gays, mainly male prostitutes. The victims wanted to remain anonymous. They were afraid of the police. (2001 Report of the International Helsinki Federation). State-controlled media outlets use homosexuality as a tool to harass and discredit critics of the government and opposition journalists.
Homosexuality is illegal in the Maldives. In addition, the Maldives was one of the 67 signatory nations opposing the UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity, which failed to pass. Constitutional framework. In 2009 the Maldives enacted a new Constitution that included a chapter on rights and freedoms, demonstrating the desire to embrace a new culture of human rights. However, this did not include any resolutions regarding LGBT human rights issues. Recognition of same-sex relationships. The Maldives does not recognize same-sex marriages, civil unions, or domestic partnerships. Discrimination protections. There is no legal protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.
Chrissie Maher, OBE (born 1938) is a British advocate for the use of plain English. She is a co-founder of the Plain English Campaign. This organisation promotes the clear use of English, especially by businesses and official bodies. Her campaign began in 1971 when she founded the United Kingdom's first community newspaper, the "Tuebrook Bugle". That gave her the chance to write articles saying that organisations should start using plain English. In 1974, Maher went on to start "The Liverpool News". It was the UK's first newspaper for adults with reading difficulties. She was also a member of the UK's National Consumer Council. Later, she founded the Plain English Campaign at a demonstration in London in 1979. As an example of the language issues Maher found objectionable: in 1994, she pointed out that Britain's National Health Service published a definition of the term "bed" that used 229 words. For her efforts, Maher was awarded the OBE in 1993. In 1995, she was awarded an honorary MA degree by Manchester University. In 1997 she received an honorary doctorate from the Open University. In 2000, Maher was named "Information Pioneer of the Century" by the UK's National Information Forum. In 2010, Maher received an Honorary Fellowship from Liverpool John Moores University for her services to communication.  Also in 2010 Maher was selected Public Affairs Achiever of the Year and Outstanding Achiever of the Year for the ‘Women in Public Life’ awards. Tom McArthur, editor of the "Oxford Companion to the English Language" said, "In all the history of the language, there has never been such a powerful grassroots movement to influence it as the Plain English Campaign."
A synapomorphy is a common character. It is a term in cladistics, meaning a trait which is present in two or more species by common descent. It is a type of homologous character or homology. More precisely, it is shared by two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor, whose own ancestor in turn does not possess the trait. Thus, it is not just an ancestral trait, but a recently evolved distinguishing trait. It helps to distinguish between two trees of descent which would otherwise be equally likely.
Jonathan Soriano Casas (born 24 September 1985 in El Pont de Vilomara i Rocafort, Barcelona, Catalonia) is a former Spanish footballer. He played as forward. Career. He started his career aged 15 in Espanyol Barcelona's second team. With 19 he signed a professional contract and was loaned to the then Segunda División club UD Almería. He returned to Espanyol for the 2006/07 season. Soriano was loaned out again for the second half of the season to Polideportivo Ejido. He spent the 2007/2008 season again at Espanyol and was used regularly for the first time. The first half of the following season he played for Espanyol.In the second half of the season he was on loan for Albacete Balompié. In 2009 Soriano went to FC Barcelona B. With the reserve team of FC Barcelona, he rose to the Segunda División in his first season. He was his team's top scorer with 18 goals. In the 2010/11 season he was top scorer in the league with 32 goals in 36 games.  On 19 January 2012, Soriano signed a contract until June 2015 with FC Red Bull Salzburg. He scored his first goal for RB Salzburg in a 2-1 home win over SC Wiener Neustadt. In the 2012/13 season under new coach Roger Schmidt he scored 26 goals in 33 Bundesliga games and gave 7 assists. In the 2013/14 season he recorded 31 goals and 17 assists in 28 games. He was top scorer in the Bundesliga. After 2012, he also won the double again with FC Red Bull Salzburg. After the end of the Europa League season, he was the top scorer in this competition with his eight goals. 2014/15 he was again top scorer of the Bundesliga. In the following championship season 2015/16, he won the cup and the championship with the team for the third time in a row. Soriano was again top
Philip Arthur Larkin CH, CBE, FRSL (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was a English poet and novelist. Larkin was born and raised in Coventry, Warwickshire, where he attended primary and secondary school. He graduated from St John's College, Oxford with a double first in English language and literature. Larkin spent the latter years of his life in Hull, where he was a librarian at the University of Hull. Larkin died in Hull, Humberside, of oesophageal cancer.
Lee Ann Remick (December 14, 1935 – July 2, 1991) was an American actress. She was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She played the female lead in "Anatomy of a Murder", "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Omen". Remick won a Golden Globe award in 1973. In 1975 she won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA award. Remick died of kidney cancer in Los Angeles, California.
Miranda Leigh Lambert (born November 10, 1983) is an American country music artist who gained fame as a finalist on the 2003 season of "Nashville Star", where she finished in third place and later signed to Epic Records. She was married to country singer Blake Shelton whom divorced in 2015. She married NYPD officer Brendan McLoughlin on January 26, 2019. She has four solo albums released as of 2011 and one with country supergroup Pistol Annies. Some of her most known songs are "Gunpowder and Lead", "Kerosene", "The House That Built Me", "White Liar", "Heart Like Mine", and "Baggage Claim".
Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country singer and television personality. Shelton is signed to Warner Nashville. Some of his most known songs are "Ol' Red", "Some Beach", "Hillbilly Bone", "Kiss My Country Ass", "Honey Bee", "God Gave Me You", and "Drink on It". He has been a judge on "The Voice" since April 2011. Early life. He was born in Ada, Oklahoma.  Personal life. Shelton was married to country singer Miranda Lambert from 2011 until 2015. He is currently in a relationship with singer Gwen Stefani. The two collaborated on the song "You Make It Feel like Christmas", featured on Stefani's 2017 Christmas album of the same
The Battle of Balaclava was a battle of the Crimean War. It was on 25 October 1854 by the Ottoman Empire, the French Empire, and the United Kingdom against the Russian Empire. The battle ended with a Russian victory. Two of the most important events of the Crimean  War took place during the Battle of Balaclava. The Thin Red Line. The 93rd Highland Regiment, which was dressed almost only in red, formed a line that was two men thick and stood its ground despite a charge by the Russian cavalry. The Charge of the Light Brigade. The charge was made by the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General the Earl of Cardigan. Many people died in the charge since 278 of the over 670 soldiers were killed. The event inspired the poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, of the same name.
Plano is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the ninth largest city in the state. Over 280,000 people live there. It has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa" in the Koeppen climate classification). Plano has the headquarters of many large businesses, including:
Fargo is a 1996 American black comedy-drama crime thriller movie. The Coen brothers made this movie, which is set in 1987. Frances McDormand, Steve Buscemi and William H. Macy star in the movie as a detective, a criminal, and a car salesman, respectively. It is a dark comedy about the police investigation of some murders and bad business activities. In 2006 it was put into the United States National Film Registry because the group thought it was culturally, historically, or aesthetically important enough to be recognized in their collection. It inspired a TV series "of the same name" Part of the movie is set in Fargo, North Dakota. The majority is set in Minneapolis and Brainerd, Minnesota. It shows the culture and accent of many of the people who live there.
Viktor Mikhailovich Kozin () (born February 22, 1953) is a Russian naval engineer, ship designer and inventor of a new method of icebreaking, called the resonance method of ice destruction. He received his Assistant Professorship in Technical Sciences (Ph.D.) for his work "Mechanics of deformable solids" in Vladivostok in 1994. He became a full Professor in 1996 and was awarded the title Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation in 2000. Since 2008 he is a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS). Kozin was awarded a diploma from the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1999) and won grants from the Russian Ministry of Education (2006). He received multiple prizes for his academic and scientific achievements in the theory of watercraft statics and dynamics, design of vessels, hydraulics and hydromechanics, ship and submarine construction. He is the author of two textbooks in naval engineering and 12 works on the methods of education in the area of naval design.
The Thief of Bagdad is a 1924 silent movie. It was directed by Raoul Walsh. It stars Douglas Fairbanks. The plot was adapted from "One Thousand and One Nights". The movie is about a thief who falls in love with the daughter of the Caliph of Baghdad. Fairbanks was very athletic. This movie provided many moments for gymnastics. The movie was Fairbanks's favorite among all his movies. "Thief" gave Fairbanks a new direction. He was a comedy star, but after this movie he became a "swashbuckler". The movie had many special effects such as flying carpets and monsters and magical Djinn. The Arabian-style set was huge. The movie was remade twice: once in 1940 with Sabu and then in 1961 with Steve Reeves. The Fairbanks version was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1996.
Sinbad the Sailor is a fictional character in the "One Thousand and One Nights" ("The Arabian Nights"). He is a sailor. His stories take place in the days of Haroun al-Rashid. Sindbad is an Arab from Baghdad (modern day Iraq). He has many adventures. He meets monsters such as The Old Man of the Sea and the Roc. There are seven stories about Sinbad's journeys. They are sometimes a part of the Scheherazade stories. The Sinbad stories have been made into movies and animated cartoons.
Mount Vernon was the plantation home of George Washington, the first President of the United States. It is located near Alexandria, Virginia. The house was designed by Washington and built of wood in 1757. It is in the neoclassical Georgian architectural style. Mount Vernon is on the banks of the Potomac River. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is owned and maintained in trust by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. It is open every day of the year. Mount Vernon is on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites in the United States. The property was long called Little Hunting Creek Plantation but Lawrence Washington, George's older half-brother, renamed it for Edward Vernon, his commander in the Royal Navy. Laurence died in 1753 and George eventually inherited the estate.
Megalomania is a mental illness. People with megalomania have delusional fantasies that they are more relevant (important) or powerful than they truly are. They have inflated self esteem and overestimate their powers and beliefs. People with megalomania tend to exhibit a disposition that is less inclined towards humbleness.  The word "megalomania" is no longer used in the mental health field, and is not mentioned in either the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD). Instead, this condition is now called narcissistic personality disorder. The condition affects both men and women.  The word "megalomania" comes from two Greek words: "μεγαλο" (megalo-), meaning large or great, and "μανία" (mania), meaning madness or frenzy.
On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Op. 314 is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II in 1867 for the Vienna Men's Singing Society. It was written for four-part choir with orchestra or piano. The words were written by Josef Weyl. It was first performed on 15 February 1867 by the Vienna Men's Singing Society and the orchestra of the Forty-Second Infantry Regiment directed by Rudolph Weinwurm. It was performed without voices on March 4 and again on March 10 in the same format at a benefit for Strauss's brothers. It was a sensation when performed at the Paris Exposition the same year. This performance marked the beginning of Strauss's international reputation. The waltz was published in 1867 by Carl Anton Spina. The piece begins with a slow introduction in the dominant key of A major. This introduction is followed by five small waltzes of two sections each. Melodies with large leaps are contrasted with linear melodies composed within a narrow range. The coda touches on the various melodies and concludes with a lively finish. The waltz was first played in the United States in its instrumental version on 1 July 1867 in New York. It was first played in Great Britain on 21 September 1867 in London at the promenade concerts in Covent Garden. The instrumental version is usually performed today. On New Year's Eve in Vienna, the waltz is broadcast on television and radio stations at midnight. It is an encore piece at the Vienna New Year's Day Concert.
Segmentation in biology means the division of some animal and plant bodies into a series of repeat sections or parts. It is common in some of the most successful groups of animals, such as arthropods, vertebrates and annelid worms.  Segmentation of the body allows different regions of the body to develop for different uses. Genes regulating development. We now know a good deal about how the development of segmented animals is controlled. In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly "Drosophila", E.B. Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The latter then activate or repress cell processes which direct the final development of the organism.  Furthermore, the sequence of these control genes show "co-linearity": the order of the loci in the chromosome parallels the order in which the loci are expressed along the anterior-posterior axis of the body. Not only that, but this cluster of master control genes programs the development of all higher organisms.  Each of the genes contains a homeobox, a remarkably conserved DNA sequence. This suggests the complex itself arose by gene duplication.  In his Nobel lecture, Lewis said "Ultimately, comparisons of the [control complexes] throughout the animal kingdom should provide a picture of how the organisms, as well as the [control genes] have evolved".
The "Waltz of the Flowers" (1892) is a piece of orchestral music from the second act of "The Nutcracker", a ballet composed by Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky told his fellow musicians he was working on a "fantastic" ballet called "The Nutcracker": "It's awfully fun to write a march for tin soldiers, a waltz of the flowers, etc." The waltz is also the last number in his "Nutcracker Suite". The "Waltz of the Flowers" is very popular. It has been arranged for various instruments and for various combinations of instruments. Percy Grainger arranged the waltz for piano solo as "Paraphrase on Tchaikovsky’s Flower Waltz". Walt Disney Studios animated the waltz for the movie "Fantasia". "Waltz of the Flowers" wins Academy Award for Animated Short Film characters: Thumbelina, Janessa, Chrysella from "Barbie Presents Thumbelina".
is a Japanese city in Aichi Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It has been recognized as a core city since 2003. History. In the Edo period, "Fujikawa-shuku" was one of the fifty-three shogunate-maintained waystations ("shuku-eki") along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.
is a Japanese architect. Early life. Isozaki was born in Ōita. He studied with Kenzo Tange, Kisho Kurokawa, and Fumihiko Maki at the University of Tokyo. He graduated in 1954. Career. Isozaki worked for Kenzo Tange &amp; Urtec from 1954 to 1963. He started his own design office in 1963. In 2005, Arata Isozaki started another office in Italy called Arata Isozaki &amp; Andrea Maffei Associates. Isozaki was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in March 2019.
"What Makes You Beautiful" was the first single released by the British-Irish boyband One Direction. It is from their album "Up All Night" (2011). It was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011. Written by Rami Yacoub, Carl Falk and Savan Kotecha and produced by Yacoub and Falk, "What Makes You Beautiful" is a teen pop song. "What Makes You Beautiful" sold 153,965 copies in its first week. In the United States, the single became the highest Billboard Hot 100 debut for a U.K. act since 1998.
is an art museum in Japan. It is on a hill in Tobata ward of Kitakyushu in Fukuoka Prefecture. The museum has 6,000 artworks. The museum shows the work of Japanese artists, like Hokusai's woodblock print "The Great Wave off Kanagawa" by Hokusai. The collection of Western art includes a portrait of Edouard Manet and his wife painted by Edgar Degas in 1869. The current building was designed by Arata Isozaki. It was built in 1974. History. The municipal art collection was established in the 19th century.
Xerophiles are extremophile organisms that can grow and reproduce in conditions with almost no water. Many moulds and yeasts are xerophilic. Mould growth on bread is an example of food spoilt by a xerophilic fungus. Examples:
Sir Arthur John Gielgud, (; 14 April 1904 – 21 May 2000) was an English actor and director. Gielgud was born in South Kensington, London and attended Westminster School. He acted in theatre, on radio, television and in movies. Gielgud won many awards, including an Academy Award, two Emmy Awards, three Tony Awards, a Grammy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. In 1992 he received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award. The Globe Theatre in London was renamed the Gielgud Theatre in 1994 in his honour. In 1991, Gielgud became an EGOT winner. At aged 87, he is the oldest person to became an EGOT winner and the first LGBT person to do so. Gielgud was gay. He was in a long-term relationship until his partner died in 1998. Gielgud died in Wootton Underwood, Buckinghamshire.
Kaley Christine Cuoco (born November 30, 1985) is an American actress. She was born in Camarillo, California. She played major roles in "8 Simple Rules" and "Charmed". She plays the main female character Penny in "The Big Bang Theory". Cuoco married tennis player Ryan Sweeting on December 31, 2013. The couple said in September 2015 that they are going to divorce.
An ensemble is a group of people who work or perform together. By extension, it can mean a coordinated outfit of clothing, or anything where a group contributes to a coordinated whole. The term is most used in music. A musical ensemble is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music. In classical music, trios or quartets often group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles or wind ensembles. The term is also used in jazz, where the instruments typically include wind instruments. An ensemble usually consists of three or four people with similar skill levels. The word originated in late middle English (as an adverb) meaning "at the same time". It is from French, based on the Latin "insimul". The noun dates from the mid 18th century.
Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama movie directed by Emile Ardolino. It is set in 1963 in the Catskill Mountains, New York. It stars Jennifer Grey as a 17 year old on vacation and Patrick Swayze as the resort's dance instructor. The movie did very well at the box office and it became a cult classic. A remake was released in 2017.
La Dispute is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2004 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. They have released two albums and seven EPs. The band consists of Jordan Dreyer (vocals), Brad Vander Lugt (drums), Chad Sterenberg and Kevin Whittemore (guitars) and Adam Vass (bass). La Dispute released two full-leght albums, three singles, one musical video, five EPs and two slipts. Style. The genre of the band is post-hardcore and experimental rock, with blues and spoken word. They also play music which sound like screamo, progressive rock, post-rock, melodic hardcore, metalcore, emo, hardcore punk. and "screamo-revival". The band influences are Thursday, Refused, At the Drive-In and Glassjaw. Brad Vander Lugt cites blues and jazz influences too.