ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Echternach () is a canton in east Luxembourg. Its capital is Echternach. Geography. Its area is . The population in 2017 was 18,702. The Echternach canton has a population density of inhabitants/km². It is bordered on the north by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the "Land" of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the east by the Trier-Saarburg district (also part of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the south by the Grevenmacher canton and to the west by the Diekirch and the Mersch cantons Part of this canton is a natural region called the Little Switzerland. Communes. The Echternach canton has 8 communes (2017 population).
Jazz dance is a dance genre which is easy to recognise, but not easy to define. It is, like some other forms of dance and music, an African influence in western culture. "[Jazz dance was] developed by African Americans in the first part of the twentieth century". Its origins were in social dancing to the music of jazz, but it developed into a type of stage dancing. Today, jazz dance is taught to students of stage dancing. The ISTD (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) lists jazz dance under 'Modern Theatre', and the IDTA (International Dance Teachers Association) lists it in their 'Theatre Branch'. Professional stage dancers are certain to have some kind of jazz dance training. Modern ballet has also been influenced by jazz dance. Balanchine's ballet "Slaughter on Tenth Avenue" was the climax of the Broadway musical "On Your Toes" (1936), Kathleen Dunham and Bob Fosse were famous jazz dancers and choreographers.
Viktor Kulikov (July 5, 1921 – May 28, 2013 in Moscow) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and commander-in-chief of the Warsaw Pact from 1977 until 1989. Kulikov first served in the military during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). After that, he was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.  In 1983, he was honored with the Lenin Prize.
Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad (born 22 March 1939; also known as "Kāntapuraṃ Ě.pi. Abūbakkar Musliyār"). He is the President of the Islamic Community of India, Founder and Chancellor of the Jamia Markaz and General Secretary of the All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama. Religious and social views. In August 2014, he has condemned Islamic extremism saying "Militant groups such as the Islamic State (IS) are trying to defame a religion that advocates peace and tolerance." In November 2015, he commented on gender equality saying women could never equal men
The University of Hong Kong (also called Hong Kong University or HKU) is a university in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. It is the oldest university in Hong Kong. In 2016, it was listed as the 45th best university in world reputation rankings. The university offers subjects in: Reputation and rankings. University rankings Overall ranking. HKU was ranked #17 worldwide in "QS" 2025, #35 worldwide in "THE" 2025, #88 worldwide in "ARWU" 2023, and #44 worldwide in "U.S. News" 2024. The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU), which sorts universities based on their combined performance across "THE", "QS", and "ARWU", found that HKU was the 42nd best-ranked university worldwide in 2023. HKU was ranked 61-70th in the "THE World Reputation Rankings" 2023. HKU is ranked as the most international university in the world in 2023 by "Times Higher Education". Subject ranking. "QS" subject rankings. In the "QS World University Rankings" by broad subject area 2023: "THE" subject rankings. In the "Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject" 2024: Graduate Employability Ranking. HKU graduates ranked 47th worldwide in the "Times Higher Education"'s Global University Employability Ranking 2022, and 10th worldwide in the "QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022".
A direct tax is a tax paid directly to the government by a person or organization. A direct tax may not be passed on to another person or entity but must be paid by the entity responsible for the tax. A direct tax is different from an indirect tax, which is paid by someone other than the person or entity who would normally be responsible for it. For example, a tax owed on a piece of property is a direct tax. A tax on the sale of that property would be considered an indirect tax. Income tax. An income tax is a tax that governments levy on individuals and businesses on their income. In the US and other countries, businesses and individuals need to file an Income Tax Return every year. This is to report all forms of income and to see if they owe any tax or can get a tax refund. Income tax is an important source of funds to most levels of government. The 16th Amendment. In the United States Constitution, the difference between indirect and direct taxes was important enough to require a Constitutional amendment in order for the federal government to levy an income tax. This was the Sixteenth Amendment which was ratified in 1913. Before the Sixteenth Amendment, any direct tax levied by the federal government had to be apportioned among the states by population. As apportionment by population proved to be virtually impossible, levying direct taxes was prevented by this article of the Constitution until it was changed in 1913. So the federal government relied on indirect taxes such as tariffs and Duties on imported goods and materials. Corporate tax. Another form of direct tax is the corporation tax. This is a tax on profits earned by corporations and other companies. In the United States the federal corporate tax is a direct tax, but is different from income tax. It taxes net income (profits) not gross income (on which income taxes are based). Corporate tax allows deductions for most expenses of doing business. Also, it only applies to corporations. It does not apply to partnerships or sole proprietorships. Property tax. Property tax, also called millage tax, is a tax on property that the owner must pay. They are usually collected by local governments and are based on a standardized value of a property. Property
Bätterkinden is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is about north of Bern.
Wallis Simpson (born Bessie Wallis Warfield; 19 June 1896 - 24 April 1986), who later became the Duchess of Windsor, caused a serious crisis in the mid-1930s when the heir to the throne of the United Kingdom, Prince Edward, fell in love with her. However, she was married to another man, and she had already gotten a divorce from her first husband to marry him. In 1936, she divorced her second husband. Abdication of Edward VIII. On 20 January 1936, King George V died, and Edward became king. Edward VIII and Wallis had already started an affair. He wanted to marry her after she had divorced. The monarch is the head of the Church of England, which was strongly against the idea of divorce. Their affair was regarded as a sin. In November, King Edward consulted with British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin on a way to both marry Wallis and keep the throne. Edward suggested a morganatic marriage in which he would remain king but Wallis would not be queen, and their children could not become the monarch. The idea was rejected by Baldwin and the prime ministers of Australia and South Africa. If Edward married Wallis against Baldwin's advice, the government had decided to resign, which would cause a constitutional crisis. The King decided he had no choice but to abdicate so that he could marry Wallis. On 11 December 1936, Edward said in a radio broadcast, "I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility, and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do, without the help and support of the woman I love". Later life. After his abdication, Edward became the Duke of Windsor, and Wallis became the Duchess of Windsor. While Edward retained his style of "Royal Highness", King George VI declared Wallis would not be allowed to do the same but would be instead styled "Her Grace The Duchess of Windsor", the same style given to a non-royal duchess. The couple lived abroad, mainly in France, for most of their lives. During the Second World War, they moved from France to Portugal and
Gross income in United States income tax law is money or anything of value gained from all sources. Gross income is the amount of income before any tax deductions or allowances. In the Law of the United States, 26 U.S. Code § 61, "Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived...".  Exclusions (US). Some types of income are specifically excluded from gross income. These are listed at 26 U.S. Code Part III and include:
A tween or tweenager is a person between the ages of 10 to 12. In this stage of life, they are still developing. They can also be seen described with the term Preteens. Timing of puberty. On average, girls begin puberty at ages 10 to 15; boys at ages 11 to 16. Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15 to 17, while boys usually complete puberty by ages 16 to 17. The major landmark of puberty for females is menarche, the onset of menstruation. This usually occurs between ages 12 and 13; for males, it is the first ejaculation, which occurs on average at age 15.In the 21st century, the average age at which children, especially girls, reach puberty is lower compared to the 19th century, when it was 15 for girls and 16 for boys. This can be due to improved nutrition resulting in rapid body growth, increased weight and fat deposition or eating meat from animals which have been dosed up with estrogen.  Sexual attraction to tweenagers or people going through puberty is called hebephilia.
Rita Renoir (19 January 1934 – 4 May 2016) was a French striptease entertainer and actress. She was born in Paris. She was one of the most famous European strip-teasers. In 1964, Renoir was chosen by Michelangelo Antonioni to play the role of Emilia in "The Red Desert" Renoir died on 4 May 2016 at the age of 82.
John David Jackson (January 19, 1925 – May 20, 2016) was a Canadian–American physics. He was the professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and a faculty senior scientist emeritus at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.  He was a theoretical physicist. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was well known for his many publications and summer-school lectures in nuclear and particle physics, as well as his widely used graduate text on classical electromagnetism.
Brandon Hambright Grove, Jr. (April 8, 1929 – May 20, 2016) was an American diplomat. He was born in Chicago. He was the United States Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1974 through 1977 and Zaire from 1984 through 1987. He served on the board of directors of the American Academy of Diplomacy. Grove, Jr. died from complications of cancer on May 20, 2016 in Washington, D.C., aged 87.
Velimir Sombolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Beлимиp Coмбoлaц; 27 February 1939 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian footballer and manager. Career. After having played ten matches for the Yugoslav U-21 team, and also five for the national "B" team, he was in the Olympic team that represented Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics. There, Yugoslavia won the gold eliminating hosts Italy in the semi-finals, and beating Denmark ( 3–1 ) in the final. Afterward, Sombolac also played five matches for the Yugoslavia national football team. Right after retiring, in 1973, he took charge of a small regional club called FK Sloga Gornji Pogradci, that provided him with crucial experience for returning, in 1974, to Borac, to become the assistant manager until 1976. After the break-up of Yugoslavia, he worked at the Football Association of Republika Srpska, helping to form all the youth category teams. From 1998 to 2001, he was the head coach of the Republika Srpska official football team.
Zdeněk Mézl (31 October 1934 – 23 May 2016) was an Czech print-maker and writer. He was known for his illustrations. He was born in Prague. He studied at the College of Applied Arts between 1949 and 1953 and later graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague. Mézl has illustrated some books using traditional woodcut engraving. His published books are "A Battle for Cathedral" or "Hey, Slavs!". Mézl died on 23 May 2016 in Prague from a heart attack, aged 81.
Mell Lazarus (May 3, 1927 – May 24, 2016) was an American cartoonist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was best known as the creator of two comic strips, "Miss Peach" (1957–2002) and "Momma" (1970–2016). He wrote two novels. For his comic strip "Pauline McPeril" (a 1966-69 collaboration with Jack Rickard), he used the pseudonym Fulton, which is also the name of a character in his first novel, "The Boss Is Crazy, Too". Lazarus served as President of the National Cartoonists Society from 1989 to 1993. Lazarus died on May 24, 2016 at his home in Los Angeles, California from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 89.
Yang Jiang (; 17 July 1911 – 25 May 2016), born Yang Jikang (), was a Chinese playwright, author, and translator. She wrote several successful comedies. She was the first Chinese person to produce a complete Chinese version of "Don Quixote" from the Spanish original. Death. On 25 May 2016, Yang died at the age of 104 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing.
Wendell E. Berry (born August 5, 1934) is an American novelist, poet, environmental activist, critic of culture, and farmer. He has written many novels, short stories, poems, and essays.  He is an elected member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers and was given The National Humanities Medal. He was named to be the Jefferson Lecturer for 2012. He is also a 2013 Fellow of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2013 he was given the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award.  On January 28, 2015, he became the first living writer to be added to the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame. Personal life. Wendell Berry is the oldest of four children. His father was a lawyer and tobacco farmer in Henry County, Kentucky. The families of his parents had farmed in Henry County for more than 100 years.  He went to grade school in New Castle, Kentucky in the 1940s. He read stories of King Arthur's knights and Robin Hood. He also read books such as "The Swiss Family Robinson", "Treasure Island", "The Yearling," and "My Friend Flicka."  Berry went to high school at Millersburg Military Institute from 1948 to 1952. After that, he studied at the University of Kentucky. By 1957 he got his Master of Arts degree. He married his wife Tanya Amyx. And his first poem was printed in "Poetry" magazine.  In 1958, he was in a writing class at Stanford University. He studied in a group that included other famous writers, such as Larry McMurtry, Robert Stone, Ernest Gaines, and Ken Kesey. In this class Berry worked on his first novel, "Nathan Coulter", which was printed in April 1960. In 1961 he got some money that let him take his family to Italy and France for a year. When he came back to the United States, he taught English from 1962 to 1964 at New York University. By 1965 he moved back to Kentucky with his family and taught writing at
Esch-sur-Alzette () is a canton in the south-west of Luxembourg. Its capital is Esch-sur-Alzette. Geography. With an area of , and a population (2016) of 172,687, the Esch-sur-Alzette canton has a population density of inhabitants/km². The canton borders on the south with the French departments of Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle, and with Belgium on the west. In the Pétange commune is the point where where three countries meetː Luxembourg, France and Belgium. Communes. The Esch-sur-Alzette canton has 14 communes (2017 population).
Elizabeth "Beth" Howland (May 28, 1941 – December 31, 2015) was an American actress. She worked on stage, movies and television. She was best known for playing Vera Gorman in the sitcom "Alice". Howland died of lung cancer on December 31, 2015 in Santa Monica, California, at the age of 74.
Brian Trevor John Murphy (25 September 1932 – 2 February 2025) was an English actor. He is best known as the husband George Roper in the sitcom "Man About the House" and spin-off "George and Mildred".
Caupolicán was a leader of the Mapuche people of Chile, who decided to choose a supreme war leader in response to the Spanish threat. Caupolican supposedly won the position by demonstrating his superior strength by holding up a tree trunk three days and three nights, though this may be an exaggeration. In addition to proving his physical power, he also had to improvise a poetical speech to inspire the people to valor and unity. Much of the legend of Caupolican is found in the epic poem La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla, a major piece of literature about the Spanish conquest of America.
Lautaro was a Mapuche military leader and relevant actor in the tacticswar. His tactics are today studied in many war academies in the world. The USSR(Russia) also used there tactics in the Battle of the Buldge, during WW2 Lautaro was also a son of a mapuche Lonco ("chief"). When he was young, he was captured by the spanish colonizators and grew up as personal servant of the spanish conqueror of Chile, Pedro de Valdivia. With him, he learned the military tactics of the spanish army. As he became an adult, he ran away from spanish captivity and went back with the mapuches. With the knowledge adquired, he introduced the horse to the mapuche people and designed new tactics to combat the conquerors militia. So, he attracted around him the dispersed mapuche warrriors and formed a big native army to fight against the conquerors. He obtained many military successes, destroying new founded cities and making big pression over the few spanish men in the Chilean territory. After he got a substancial victory in the southern city, he began the advance over Santiago, the capital and oldest spanish founded city. Unhappily for him, he was murdered when he was only 200 km away from his destination. He is considered an important icon of the Arauco War, due his revolutionary strategy and responsability in the union of the disperse mapuche people. His name was use by Francisco de Miranda, when he founded the Logia Lautaro an american-independist society of the end of 18 century and the beginning of the 19th century. Lautaro was also rumord to be Homosexual. He was also proclaimed to make sexual advances on children.
Directed evolution (DE) is a method used to produce enzymes for industrial or medical purposes. The method is protein engineering which mimics natural selection.  The basic idea is to put a gene through repeated rounds of mutation, to make a library of variants. Selection isolates genes with the desired function. They are a template for the next round.  This can be done "in vivo" (in living cells of bacteria or yeast), or "in vitro" (free in solution or microdroplets).  Testing more mutants increases the chances of finding one with the desired properties. During "in vivo" evolution, each cell (usually bacteria or yeast) is transformed with a plasmid containing a different member of the variant library. Only the gene of interest differs between the cells, with all other genes being kept the same.  The cells express the protein either in their cytoplasm or surface where its function can be tested. This format has the advantage of selecting for properties in a cellular environment, which is useful when the evolved protein or RNA is to be used in living organisms.  When done without cells, DE uses "in vitro" transcription translation to produce proteins or RNA free in solution or inside artificial microdroplets. This has the benefit of allowing more conditions (e.g. temperature, solvents). It can express proteins that would be toxic to cells. Furthermore, "in vitro" evolution experiments can generate far larger libraries (up to 1015) because the library DNA need not be inserted into cells. That often limits what can be done.  Ensuring heredity. When functional proteins have been isolated, it is necessary that their genes are too, therefore a genotype-phenotype link is required.  This can be covalent, where the mRNA gene is linked to the protein at the end of translation by puromycin.  Alternatively the protein and its gene can be kept together, or in emulsion droplets. The gene sequences isolated are then multiplied by PCR or by transformed host bacteria. Either the single best sequence, or a pool of sequences can be used as the template for the next round of mutagenesis. The repeated cycles of diversification-selection-amplification make enzyme variations adapted to the selection process. Prize awarded. US engineer Frances Arnold has won the Millennium Technology Prize for pioneering directed evolution.
Cave catfish is a name used for species of catfish which live in caves or underground environments. Species known specifically as cave catfish include: Other catfish that live in caves include:
Alexander John Such (November 14, 1951 – June 4, 2022) was an American bassist. He was best known as a founding member of the rock band Bon Jovi, and as their bass player, from 1983 to 1994. He was inducted into the Rock &amp; Roll Hall of Fame in 2018. He was born in Yonkers, New York. Such died on June 4, 2022 from a heart attack at his home in Horry County, South Carolina, aged 70.
Belp is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland  administrative district in the canton of Berne, Switzerland. It is close to Bern's Belp Airport. The municipality of Belpberg merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Belp.
Ideal Landscape with a Young Man Killing a Snake is an oil painting by Franz Caucig (1755 – 1828), a Neoclassical painter. He made the painting before 1810. The size of the painting is . The painting is in the National Gallery of Slovenia. On the left is an aqueduct and a group of trees. On the right a young man kills a snake on the bank of a river. The sky has dark clouds. The sun shines on the river and on the young man. The theme of nature is common in Neoclassicism. The works of Immanuel Kant and neoclassical English philosophers were popular at this time.
The Delta IV was a rocket made to launch satellites. It had many different types including Medium, Medium+, and Heavy for many different types of satellites orbiting at many different altitudes above the Earth. The Delta IV had launches at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida and at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. It was no longer used after it's 45th mission. Launches. The Delta IV was launched 32 times. The first flight was on November 20, 2002, and it launched the "Eutelsat W5" communications satellite into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). Types. The Delta IV rocket came in many different types meant to launch different sizes and kinds of satellites. Delta IV Medium. The least powerful kind of the Delta IV rocket was the Medium type. It has 1 main Common Booster Core (CBC) as the first stage of the rocket, using the RS-68 engine, and the second stage is like from the Delta III rocket, but it has been changed. It uses a 4-meter payload fairing to cover the satellite during the launch of the rocket. This kind was launched 3 times. Delta IV Medium+ (4,2). The Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) was like the Medium type, but it has two GEM-60 solid rocket boosters strapped onto the CBC. This kind has launched 13 times, and is the kind of Delta IV rocket that was launched the most times. Delta IV Medium+ (5,2). The Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) was like the (4,2), but the second stage and fairing has a larger diameter. This kind was launched 2 times. Delta IV Medium+ (5,4). The Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) was like the (5,2), but it has two more GEM-60 solid rocket boosters. This kind was launched 5 times. Delta IV Heavy. The Delta IV Heavy was the biggest kind of Delta IV rockets. It has two CBC strapped onto it like solid rocket boosters. This kind had launched 9 times, and was the most powerful rocket currently doing launches (the most powerful rocket ever is the Saturn V). It flew the last Delta IV mission on April 9, 2024 with NROL-70, a top secret spy satellite, and launched from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station SLC-37B.