ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Junkers Ju 52 is a civilian and military German aircraft. It was designed and built during in Nazi Germany as airliner and transport aircraft. The Luftwaffe used this plane widely during World War II. After the war, it was built in France as AAC-1 Toucan and in Spain as Casa 352. The Armée de l'Air used it in the Algeria War to transport French troops, like the Légion Étrangère. The Junkers Ju 52 is a 3 engine aircraft built with metal. It can carry between 15 and 20 passengers. The first flight was in 1931 and introduction in 1932. Lufhtansa was its main airline. More than 4800 were built.
The Swedish Ice Hockey Association () is the governing body for the sport of ice hockey, and nowadays even inline hockey, in Sweden. It was established on 17 November 1922. Chairmen. Following persons have been chairmen.
The arrondissement of Pamiers is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Ariège "département". Its capital is the city of Pamiers. History. When the Ariège department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Pamiers was part of that original department, but it was eliminated in 1926. In 1942, Pamiers was made again an "arrondissement". Geography. The "arrondissement" of Pamiers is the most northern of the "arrondissements" of the Ariège department. It has the Haute-Garonne department to the west and north, the Aude department to the east, the Arrondissement of Foix to the south and the Saint-Girons "arrondissement" to the southwest. It is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , and the one with more people living in it with 73,702 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Pamiers, there are 5 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Arize-Lèze, Mirepoix, Pamiers-1, Pamiers-2 and Portes d'Ariège as can be seen in the following table: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Pamiers has 115 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Saint-Girons is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Ariège "département". Its capital is the city of Saint-Girons. History. When the Ariège department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Girons was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Girons is the most western of the "arrondissements" of the Ariège department. It has the Haute-Garonne department to the west and north, the Pamiers "arrondissement" to the northeast, the Arrondissement of Foix to the east and Spain to the south. It is the second in area, after Foix, of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the one with fewest people living in it with 27,399 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Saint-Girons, there are 2 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": the Couserans Ouest and the Portes du Couserans (28 "communes") as can be seen in the following table: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Girons has 82 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
Anjou () is a former county, duchy (1360) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France. Its traditional Latin name was "Andegavia". Anjou, or then the Angevin march (border lands) formed the border between Neustria and Aquitaine. It also bordered between Neustria and Brittany. Sitting on a black slate rock was the Roman of Angers. It guarded the rivers Mayenne and Loire that flowed around it. The founder or first count of Anjou was Ingelger. Anjou became a part of England from 1151-1199, when Henry II inherited the county. He became the Count of Anjou in addition to his other titles. His (third) son Richard the Lionheart became count after his father. At the peak of its power the Angevin Empire spread from Ulster to the Pyrenees. Richard had no legitimate issue, so in 1199 Anjou passed to his nephew, Arthur of Brittany. He was the son of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany. The Crown of England passed to Henry II’s fifth son and Richard’s youngest brother, John. Arthur was taken prisoner by King John in 1203 and was never seen again. In 1204, Anjou was taken back by Philip II of France. It was later elevated to a duchy for Prince Louis, the second son of John II of France. It remained a duchy until the French Revolution. Today, Anjou corresponds largely to the present-day "département" of Maine-et-Loire.
The National People's Army (NPA; , "NVA") was the armed forces of East Germany. The NPA was founded on 1 March 1956. It developed from the "Kasernierte Volkspolizei" (Barracked People's Police), which was started in 1952. Serving with the army was voluntary at first. Conscription was introduced on 24 January 1962. Conscription was for male citizens between the ages of 18 and 26. If they were selected, they had to serve in the NPA for 18 months. The NVA was at its largest in 1987. It had about 175,000 soldiers at this time. The NVA was modeled on Soviet military philosophy. Its leadership and operations were governed by the officer corp. The non-commissioned officer corps was limited in terms of authority and responsibility, unlike in the West German army. There were also political officers throughout the NVA, whose job it was to guarantee the loyalty of the military to the ruling political party. Organization. The NVA was made up of four main branches: The NVA also had a large number of reserve and paramilitary forces. These could be called to serve during a crisis. The NVA was merged into the Bundeswehr in October 1990 upon the reunification of Germany. The merging of the two German militaries was not done equally. Many non-commissioned officers and almost all commissioned officers were not accepted into the Bundeswehr. Instead, they were discharged from service. Those who were given a place in the Bundeswehr were usually demoted by one rank. Most of the barracks were closed and much of the NVA's equipment was sold or donated to other nations.
The Land Forces of the National People's Army () was the ground-based military branch of the National People's Army. It was the largest branch, with 120,000 soldiers. Organisation. The "LaSK" had a peacetime organisation since 1972 under the command of the "Kommando Landstreitkräfte". Its largest formations during peacetime were Military Districts III and V.  In addition to Military Districts III and V, additional artillery and support units, as well as paratroopers of the Luftsturmregiment 40 (Prior to 1986, the 40. Fallschirmjägerbataillon), were also under direct command of the "Kdo. LaSK". In wartime, both military districts would have been transformed into armies under Soviet high command. Order of battle (1986-1990):
Kenneth "Buddy" Scott (January 9, 1935 – February 5, 1994) was an American blues guitarist. Scott was born in Goodman, Mississippi on January 9, 1935. His family came from Chicago, Illinois. Buddy formed a group called Scotty and the Rib Tips and recorded several singles late in the 1960s. They played locally in Chicago blues establishments for over a generation. Scott signed a recording contract with Verve in 1993, and released his debut major-label release, "Bad Avenue", that year, but died of stomach cancer in Chicago, Illinois, not long after the album's release.
Barrett Deems (March 1, 1914 – September 15, 1998) was an American swing music jazz drummer. Early life. Deems was born in Springfield, Illinois on March 1, 1914.  Career. He was probably best known for his work with jazz musicians Jimmy Dorsey, Louis Armstrong (he performed as part of Armstrong's band in the 1956 musical "High Society"), Red Norvo, and Muggsy Spanier. Death. Deems died of pneumonia in Chicago, in September 1998, at the age of 84.
Peter Novick (July 26, 1934 – February 17, 2012) was an American historian. He was best known for writing "" and the "American Historical Profession" and "The Holocaust in American Life". The latter title has also been published as The Holocaust and Collective Memory, especially for non-US anglophonic markets. Novick was born on July 26, 1934 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He died on February 17, 2012 from lung cancer in Chicago, Illinois, aged 77.
Junior Wells (Amos Wells Blakemore Jr.; December 9, 1934January 15, 1998), born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., was an American Chicago blues vocalist, harmonica player, and recording artist. Wells was best known for his performances and recordings with Muddy Waters, Earl Hooker and Buddy Guy. He also performed with Bonnie Raitt, The Rolling Stones, and Van Morrison. Wells was born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr. on December 9, 1934 in Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised in West Memphis, Arkansas.  Wells continued performing until he was diagnosed with cancer in the summer of 1997. That fall, he suffered a heart attack while undergoing treatment, sending him into a coma. Wells died in Chicago, Illinois from lymphoma on January 15, 1998, and was interred in the Oak Woods Cemetery, Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago.
Marie-Jean-Augustin Vestris (27 March 1760 – 5 December 1842) was a French dancer and choreographer.  Biography. Vestris was born in Paris, the son of Gaetano Vestris and his mistress, the dancer Marie Allard. He was taught by his father, and made his debut in 1772 in the divertissement "La Cinquantaine". He scored his first great success the following year as Amor in his father's ballet "Endymion". Vestris was appointed a soloist at the Paris Opéra in 1776, "premier danseur" in 1778, and "premier sujet de la danse" in 1780. He performed in the first production of Jean-Georges Noverre's "Les Petits Rien" and in Christoph Willibald Gluck's "Alceste".  In 1780, he began a successful association with the King's Theatre in London. He performed there for more than ten years. He choreographed several ballets for the theatre including "The Nymphs of Diana" (1781), "Le Premier Navigateur" (1786), dances in Grétry's opera "L'Épreuve villageoise" (1786), and "Les Folies d'Espagne" (1791). He and his father were so famous that Parliament stopped sitting to see them dance. He left his wife shortly after the birth of their son Armand.  He taught many of the famous dancers of the age. Among his pupils were Marius Petipa, Fanny Elssler, August Bournonville, Marie Taglioni and Jules Perrot.  Vestris retired in 1816 from the Paris Opéra. In 1835, at the age of 75, he danced a minuet at the Opéra with Taglioni. He died in 1842, and is buried in Paris in Montmartre Cemetery. Vestris had extraordinary elevation and a dazzling virtuoso technique. Vestris was vain, arrogant and rude. The Opéra only tolerated his bad behavior for 35 years because of his great talent.
The Division of Franklin is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania. It was set up in 1903 and is named for Sir John Franklin, the polar explorer and Lt Governor of Van Diemen's Land 1843–46. It is covers an area of 6514 km² in southern Tasmania. This includes the Hobart suburbs of Bridgewater, Cygnet, Kingston, Lauderdale as well as Bruny Island. Members. Harry Quick was forced out of the ALP for not paying his membership fees, and for not supporting the new candidate selected to replace him when he retired. Julie Collins was a minister in both Gillard Government and the second Rudd Government.
The Division of Lyons is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania. It was set up in 1984 is named for Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia 1931-39, Member for Wilmot from 1929 to 1939, and his wife Dame Enid Lyons. Dame Enid was the first woman elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1943 and the first female member of Cabinet (1949–51). It is covers an area of 32,910 km² central Tasmania, stretching from the eastern to western coasts and includes such places as New Norfolk, Deloraine and St Marys.
The Central Bank of Azerbaijan () is the central bank of Azerbaijan. The headquarters of the bank is in the capital city Baku. The bank has regional branch offices in Nakhchivan, Ganja, Yevlakh, Khachmaz, Goychay and Bilasuvar. History. The bank was first established on September 16, 1919 shortly after the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic on May 28, 1918. It was closed when Azerbaijan was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union, and was established again in February 11, 1992 after the Soviet Union ended and Azerbaijan became independent again on October 18, 1991. Responsibilities. The main tasks of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan are: Executive Board. The Executive Board is made up of the Governor, who is the Chairperson of the Board of directors, and 4 members who are appointed by the President of Azerbaijan and the National Assembly of Azerbaijan. The current governor is Elman Rustamov.
The Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival (or simply Harbin Ice Festival) is a festival held every year in Harbin, China. It involves ice sculptures and winter activities. The festival exhibits open from late December to late February. The festival has been held since 1963. It started as a local traditional ice lantern show and garden party during Chinese Spring Festival. Background. The festival was stopped for a number of years during the Cultural Revolution. It was resumed on 5 January 1985, when the Harbin city government hosted it at Zhaolin Park. It was then announced as an annual event. In 2001, the festival was merged with Heilongjiang International Ski Festival and got its current formal name. The Harbin Ice Festival is one of the world's top ice and snow festivals. It attracts a growing number of visitors from around the world. Things to see and do. The festival has a series of shows at theme parks and ice activities on the Songhua River.
The Division of Gippsland is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the Gippsland region of eastern Victoria, which in turn is named for Sir George Gipps, Governor of New South Wales 1838–46. It covers an area of 35,054 km² including the towns of Bairnsdale, Morwell, Sale and Traralgon. Members. Peter McGauran held several ministerial postions in the Howard Government
The Division of Goldstein is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up in 1984. It is named for Vida Goldstein, the first woman in the British Empire to stand for election to parliament. It covers an area of 50 km² in the bayside suburbs of Melbourne, including Beaumaris, Bentleigh, Brighton and Sandringham. Members. Andrew Robb was the Federal Director of the Liberal Party from 1990-1997. He served as Minister for Vocational and Further Education in the Howard Government, and Minister for Trade and Investment in the Abbott Government.
Linear independence is a concept from linear algebra. It is used to talk about vector spaces. Each vector space has a null vector. This vector is expressed as a linear combination (a sum) of other vectors. A set of these vectors is called "linearly independent" if and only if all of them are needed to express this null vector. This is equivalent to saying that at least one of the vectors can be expressed as a linear combination of the others. If the vectors are not linearly independent, they are called "linearly dependent". As an example, take the three-dimensional Euclidean space: formula_1 Here the first three vectors are linearly independent; but the fourth vector equals nine times the first plus five times the second plus four times the third, so the four vectors together are linearly dependent. Linear dependence is a property of the family, not of any particular vector; for example in this case we could just as well write the first vector as a linear combination of the last three. formula_2
The Division of Blair is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. Created in 1998, it is named after Harold Blair, an Aboriginal singer and civil rights campaigner. It covers an area of 6,409 km² west of Brisbane and includes Kilcoy, Toogoolawah, Esk, Cominya, Lowood, Fernvale, Ipswich, Minden, Marburg, Rosewood, and Walloon. During the 2007 election campaign Blair received more funding promises from the Howard Government than any other electorate in the country.
Mangte Chungneijang Mary Kom (b. 1 March 1983) is an Indian boxer. Kom is a member of the Kom tribe of north-east India. She was born in Kangathei, Churachandpur, Manipur.  Since childhood, Kom has liked athletics boxing and was good at them. She became interested in boxing after watching Dingko Singh in 2000. That same year, she began training with M. Narjit Singh (Manipur State Boxing Coach) at Khuman Lampak, Imphal. Kom has won the World Boxing championship five times in a row. She is the only woman to get a medal and trophy in all six world championships. She is also the only Indian woman to qualify for boxing in the 2012 London Olympics. At the 2013 Games, she competed in the flyweight category 51kg and won a bronze medal. She had also been ranked as No. 1 AIBA World Women's Ranking Light Flyweight category. Personal life. Kom is married to K Onler Kom. They have twin sons named Rechungvar and Khupneivar. She lives with her family in Manipur.
Count of Anjou was a title first given to Ingelger. His male line ended with Geoffrey II of Anjou. The next line of counts of Anjou were descended from Geoffrey's sister Ermengarde-Blanche and her husband Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais. Their descendants include the Plantagenet kings of England. Counts of Anjou. Angevins and Plantagenets. In 1204, Anjou was lost to king Philip II of France. It was re-granted as an appanage for Louis VIII's son John. He died in 1232 at the age of thirteen. Anjou was then given to Louis's youngest son, Charles. He later became the king of Sicily. Capetian dynasty. Capetian House of Anjou. In 1290, Margaret married Charles of Valois, the younger brother of king Philip IV of France. He became Count of Anjou in her right.
Ingelger (or Ingelgarius) (died ) was a Frankish nobleman who became the first count of Anjou. He began a known as House of Ingelger. Career. Ingelger was the son of a Frankish nobleman Tertullus and his wife Petronilla. She was the niece of Raino, Bishop of Angers. Petronilla was also a relative of Hugh the Abbot, an counselor to both Louis II and Louis III of France. His mother's influence was one of the reasons for Ingelger's success. Records of the time call Ingelger a "miles optimus" (a great military man). Louis II appointed Ingelger as viscount of Orléans which at the time was under the rule of the Bishop of Orléans. While at Orléans Ingelger married Adelais. Later Ingelger was appointed prefect (military commander) at Tours. Some time after this Ingelger was made Count of Anjou. At this time the county went only as far west as the Mayenne River. He was buried in the church of Saint-Martin at Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe. Family. Ingelger married Adelis, a close relative of Raino, Bishop of Angers. He was succeeded by their son:
The Tyndall effect is when light is scattered by particles of matter in its path. It makes a beam of light visible by lighting the particles. Under the Tyndall effect, the longer-wavelength light is more transmitted while the shorter-wavelength light is more reflected by scattering. In effect, blue light is scattered much more strongly than red light. The blue of a clear sky, and the blue of blue eyes is caused by the Tyndall effect, not by a pigment. Its named after John Tyndall.  Tyndall effect can also be observed when sunlight passes through the canopy of a dense forest.  It happens due to the scattering of light by the particles of smoke and dust.
There are 3 arrondissements in the Pyrénées-Orientales department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Pyrénées-Orientales are: History. Since its creation, the Pyrénées-Orientales department, first with the name of Roussillon, has had few changes:
The arrondissement of Céret is an arrondissement of France; it is the southermost "arrondissement" of Metropolitan France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Orientales "département". Its capital is the city of Céret. The "arrondissement" of Céret is in the southeast of the department; it is the southernmost "arrondissement" of France. History. When the Pyrénées-Orientales department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Céret was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Céret is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the second in population, after the Perpignan "arrondissement", with 73,192 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Perpignan "arrondissement", to the east by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by Spain, to the west and northwest by the Prades "arrondissement". Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Céret, there are 2 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": La Côte Vermeille and Vallespir-Albères. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Céret has 40 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Perpignan is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Pyrénées-Orientales "département". Its capital is the city of Perpignan. History. When the Pyrénées-Orientales department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Perpignan was part of that original department. Geography. The arrondissement of Perpignan is in the northeast of the department; it is the second in area, after Prades, of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , but it is the first in population with 349,959 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Aude department, to the east by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by the Céret "arrondissement" and to the west by the Prades "arrondissement". Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Perpignan, there are 10 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement"; others have "communes" in other "arrondissements". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Perpignan has 86 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: