ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India and China. The LAC is 4,057-km long and traverses three areas of northern Indian states: western (Ladakh, Kashmir), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh). Quote: "India is used to incursions by Chinese troops across the 3488-km LAC in all the three sectors—western (Ladakh), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)— in a bid to strengthen China's claim over disputed areas and ensure New Delhi does not change its Tibet policy." Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister Nehru dated October 24, 1959. In a letter dated November 7, Zhou told Nehru that the LAC consisted of "the so-called McMahon Line in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west". During the Sino-Indian War (1962), Nehru claimed not to know where the line was: "There is no sense or meaning in the Chinese offer to withdraw twenty kilometers from what they call 'line of actual control'. What is this 'line of control'? Is this the line they have created by aggression since the beginning of September? Advancing forty or sixty kilometers by blatant military aggression and offering to withdraw twenty kilometers provided both sides do this is a deceptive device which can fool nobody." It should be noted that these incursions were in response to India's "forward policy" in which India began to contest areas controlled by China, including some that were not included in the McMahon Line.
The Tupí people were an important ethnic group of indigenous peoples in Brazil. Scholars believe they first settled in the Amazon rainforest. Later, they started to move to the south and settled on the Atlantic coast. History. The Tupí people were living in almost all of the Brazilian coast when the Portuguese first arrived there. In 1500, their population was estimated to be 1 million people. They were divided into tribes, each tribe numbering from 300 to 2,000 people. Some of these tribes are: "Tupiniquim", "Tupinambá", "Potiguara", "Tabajara", "Caetés", "Temiminó", "Tamoios". The Tupí had agriculture. They grew cassava, corn, sweet potatoes, beans, peanuts, tobacco, squash, cotton and many other crops. European colonization. After the 16th century, the Tupí were assimilated, made to work as slaves, or killed by diseases such as smallpox or by Portuguese settlers and Bandeirantes (colonial Brazilian scouts). Except for a few communities, nearly all the Tupí were killed. Today, the descendants of the survivors live on Indian reservations or are part of the dominant Brazilian society. Cannibalism. The Tupí were divided into several tribes which would constantly engage in war with each other. In these wars, the Tupí would try to capture their enemies to later kill and eat them. They believed that they would gain the strength of the warriors they eat. The Tupí also ate the remains of dead relatives. Cannibalism by the Tupí decreased after European contact and religious intervention. When Cabeza de Vaca, a Spanish conquistador, arrived in Santa Catarina in 1541, for instance, he attempted to ban cannibalism. Some scholars question whether the Tupí actually engaged in cannibalism. They do not think the sources that talk about cannibalism, mostly written by Europeans, are reliable. Race-mixing and "Cunhadismo". In the 16th century, the Tupi were the first group to have contact with the Portuguese. The Portuguese colonists did not bring many
Victor Andreevich Skumin () (born 30 August 1948) is a Russian psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, medical doctor and writer. Biography. Victor Skumin was born on 30 August 1948 in Penza Oblast, Russia. His father, Andrew Skumin, was a KGB officer. The family moved between Penza, Chelyabinsk, and Petrozavodsk. Skumin studied medicine at the Kharkov National Medical University. He graduated the university in 1973 with diploma with honours. In 1976, he became a psychotherapist in Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. Skumin was the first to described a previously unknown disease, now called "Skumin syndrome". From 1980 to 1990 he was professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate education. He investigated borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents. From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor of Psychology and Pedagogy, and Professor of Physical Education and Health life at the Kharkov State Academy of Culture. In 1994, Skumin became President of the World Organization of Culture of Health — International social movement "To Health via Culture". In 1995, he became the first editor-in-chief of the journal "To Health via Culture". This journal of the World Organisation of Culture of Health received an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0204-3440. The main topics of the magazine are the dissemination of ideas of Culture of Health and holistic medicine. In the Russian Orthodox Church the social activities of this international organization qualifies as an ideology of the New Age. Skumin's doctrine of the culture of health. In 1968, when Skumin was still a medical student, he proposed the term ″culture of health″. which has become widespread. The main task of the culture of health is to do health programs that support a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being. The 'culture of health' means recognizing health’s central importance in life. He referred to the works of Helena Blavatsky, Helena and Nicholas
Wrongful death is a claim against a person who may be held liable for another person's death. A wrongful death lawsuits may be based on claims of negligence, misconduct, or a criminal act such as murder. If the person accused of causing a wrongful death is charged with a crime, the wrongful death lawsuit may be filed after a criminal trial. It is possible to win a wrongful death lawsuit even if the person is acquitted of a crime that caused the death, because even though both trials may use the same evidence a wrongful death case has a lower standard of proof. The claim is brought in a civil action, usually by close relatives, based on tort laws. Common law did not allow for wrongful deatlh lawsuits, as the right to bring a wrongful death claim belonged to the deceased person and died along with that person. In the United States, state and federal laws now allow for wrongful death cases in all U.S.jurisdictions. Damages. In law, damages are an award of compensation, usually of money, paid to a person who has suffered a loss or injury. Damages for wrongful death may include: Some states also allow recovery of punitive damages, an additional award that is intended to reform or the defendant and others from doing the same thing again. When available, punitive damages are normally awarded only for the most extreme cases, involving gross negligence, recklessness or intentional acts that result in death.
Up Tight (also known as Up-Tight Everything's Alright) is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on May 4, 1966 by Tamla. The album reached No.33 on the Billboard Pop Album charts and No.2 on the R&amp;B Albums charts. The album has the popular hit "Uptight (Everything's Alright)".
Speed dating is a formal dating process for singles. It is a fun way to meet a large number of new people in a short period of time. Singles spend three-to-five minute periods of time with as many as 25 prospective partners. The conversations are about whatever the two chose. The events are held at places like coffee shops. There is usually a fee and the rules can vary. The short period of time between couples ranges by event. Each participant has a sheet of paper on which they note "interested" or "not interested". The organizer of the event gathers the comments at the end of the event. They look for possible matches and after two or three days contact each participant to see if they are interested in dating the other person. The price for the service ranges from $20 to $80. Scientific research. Several studies have been done. Some focues on the round-robin systems, others on the fact that people felt attracted ot one another. Both factors are relevant in these events. Other studies found speed-dating data useful as a way to observe individual choices among random participants. First impressions. A 2005 study at the University of Pennsylvania of multiple HurryDate speed dating events found that most people made their choices within the first three seconds of meeting. Furthermore, issues such as religion, previous marriages, and smoking habits were found to play much less of a role than expected. A 2006 study in Edinburgh, Scotland showed that 45% of the women participants in a speed-dating event and 22% of the men had come to a decision within the first 30 seconds. It also found that dialogue concerning travel resulted in more matches than dialogue about films. In a 2012 study, researchers found that activation of specific brain regions while viewing images of opposite-sex speed dating participants was predictive of whether or not a participant would later pursue or reject the viewed participants at an actual speed dating event. Men and women made decisions in a similar manner which incorporated the physical attractiveness and likability of the viewed participants in their evaluation. Subconscious preferences. Malcolm Gladwell's book on split-second decision making, "Blink," introduces two professors at Columbia University who run speed-dating events. Drs. She
Penza Oblast (, "Penzenskaya oblast") is a administrative division of Russia. Geography. Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. In the waters of the Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish. History. The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress. Economy. Penza Oblast is a part of the Volga economic region. People. Population of this oblast: 1,386,186 (2010). Ethnic composition (2010):
Legal liability is the legal a person has for their s. It includes the responsibility to another person for any harm or s caused to them. Legal liability includes lawful s required by civil actions or torts. It can also include s set by a contract, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. To win a civil lawsuit the plaintiff must prove the defendant's legal liability. This requires proving the defendant failed to act in some way that caused harm to the plaintiff. To succeed the plaintiff must also show the connection of how a failure to act caused him or her injury or harm.
Insular Celtic languages are the six Celtic languages that originated in the British Isles. All surviving Celtic languages are from the Insular Celtic group; the Continental Celtic languages (the other group) are now extinct. The six Insular Celtic languages of modern times can be divided into 2 groups: By the 4th century BC most people in the British Isles spoke a Celtic language. When the Irish abbot and missionary Columba met the Pictish king Bruide they needed a translator. Columba spoke Q-Celtic while the Picts spoke P-Celtic.
Underwater Observatory Marine Park Eilat () is a park, conservation centre and aquarium in Eilat, Israel. It also has an underwater observatory in the Red Sea. It is located at the south of Eilat's Coral Beach Nature Reserve. It was founded in 1974 and was the first of its kind in Israel. It is the biggest public aquarium in Israel, and it has over 800 species.
Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor (21 September 1954 – 11 November 2015) was a English rock drummer in the British heavy metal band Motörhead from 1975–1984 and 1987-1992 recording ten studio albums and the live album "No Sleep 'til Hammersmith". The classic mark IV Motörhead line-up consisted of Lemmy, Philthy Animal Taylor and Fast Eddie Clarke. Taylor died in London of liver failure on 11 November 2015 at the age of 61.
Down to Earth is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder, released on November 16, 1966 on the Tamla label. It was his second album to have been released in 1966, as "Up-Tight" had been released earlier on in the year. Track listing. Side One Side Two
Klaus Friedrich Roth (29 October 1925 – 10 November 2015) was a German-British mathematician. He was known for his work on diophantine approximation, the large sieve, and irregularities of distribution.  Early life. He was born in Breslau, Prussia. He studied at St Paul's School in London from 1939 to 1943 and then attended Cambridge University, graduating from Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1945. In 1946 he began research at University College London, under the supervision of Theodor Estermann. Career. He became a professor at University College London in 1961, and moved to a chair at Imperial College London in 1966, a position he held until official retirement in 1988. He then remained at Imperial College as Visiting Professor until 1996. Death. Roth died in Iverness, Scotland on 10 November 2015 at the age of 90.
David Atlas (May 25, 1924 – November 10, 2015) was an American meteorologist. He was one of the pioneers of radar meteorology. He worked for the US Air Force. He was professor at the University of Chicago and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), researcher at NASA and private consultant. Atlas was born May 25, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York City, from Jewish parents who immigrated from Poland and Russia. He studied at the City College of New York. He retired in 1994. Atlas died on November 10, 2015 from complications following a stroke at a nursing home in Newark, New Jersey at the age of 91.
Márton Fülöp (3 May 1983 – 12 November 2015) was a Hungarian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Budapest. After playing in Hungary for MTK Budapest FC, BKV Előre SC and BFC Siófok, he signed for English club Tottenham Hotspur, who loaned him to Chesterfield and Coventry, then to Sunderland with whom he permanently signed in 2007.  Further loans to Leicester City, Stoke City and Manchester City ended with a transfer to Ipswich Town. He ended his career with spells at West Bromwich Albion and Greece's Asteras Tripoli. Fülöp also represented his country at under-21 and full international level, earning 24 senior caps from his debut in 2005.  Fülöp died on 12 November 2015 in Budapest after a struggle with cancer, aged 32.
Gene Myron Amdahl (November 16, 1922 – November 10, 2015) was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur. He was known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM alongside Fred Brooks and Gerrit Blaauw and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation. He formulated Amdahl's law, which states a fundamental limitation of parallel computing. In 1998, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his fundamental work in computer architecture and design, project management, and leadership." Amdahl died of pneumonia after suffering from Alzheimer's disease during the last years of his life in Palo Alto, California, aged 92.
An individual retirement account or IRA is a form of "individual retirement plan". It is simply a savings account with large tax advantages. An IRA is not itself an investment. It is where an investor keeps assets such as stocks, bonds and mutual funds. A 401(k) is set up by an employer, but an IRA may be started by an individual. Other IRAs may be opened by small business owners and those who are self-employed. Types of IRAs. There are different types of IRAs: Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP-IRAs and SIMPLE IRAs. They vary as to tax filing status. Also they have different rules and s.  Prohibited asset types. Internal Revenue Code Section 408 prohibits IRA investments in life insurance and in collectibles such as artwork, rugs, antiques, metals (there are exceptions for certain kinds of bullion), gems, stamps, coins, alcoholic beverages, and certain other tangible personal property. Participant-directed accounts. A participant-directed account (also called a self-directed IRA) is an IRA which is provided by some financial institutions in the United States. It allows alternative investments for retirement savings. Some examples of such alternative investments are: real estate, private mortgages, private company stock, oil and gas limited partnerships, precious metals, horses, and intellectual property. There is a risk of fraud when investing in Self-Directed retirement accounts.
Saving accounts are a type of deposit account kept by banks that pay interest. They let a person keep some of their money in the bank for immediate use. They also earn money through interest. Having a savings account in a bank allows a person to have money available for an emergency. Savings accounts may be opened at most banks, credit unions and trust companies. The other major types of deposit account are the transactional account (usually known as a "checking" or "current" account), money market account and time deposit.
Justin Wakeland High School is a public high school that is in the city of Frisco, Texas, United States. It is a part of the Frisco Independent School District in the west center area of Collin County. It opened for the first time to students on August 14, 2006.  Most sophomores and juniors came from Frisco High School because of the city and district's growth. Freshmen come from Griffin Middle School most of the time, and others come from Staley Middle School. In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency. The school is named for Justin Wakeland, who was the superintendent of the Frisco ISD for 19 years from 1978 to 1997. The school has a television show called WIN-TV." "It comes on every two to three weeks. It has many segments and interviews about events happening at Wakeland High School. "Wakeland Access", the school newspaper, has articles about events happening at the school. A lot of sports are offered at Wakeland.
Defense in Depth (also known as layered security and layered defense) is an information assurance (IA) concept. It uses multiple layers of security controls (defenses) placed throughout an information technology (IT) system. The multiple layers are not of the same security tool. It uses several different kinds of security with each protecting against a different security attack. Background. Defense in depth is originally a military strategy. It seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker by yielding space to buy time. The National Security Agency (NSA) changed the concept to be a approach to information and electronic security. The placement of protection mechanisms, procedures and policies is intended to increase the dependability of an IT system. Multiple layers of defense can prevent espionage. They also prevent direct attacks against critical systems. In terms of computer network defense, defense in depth measures should not only prevent security breaches but also buy an organization time to detect and respond to an attack. Onion model. Defense in depth has long been explained by using the onion as an example of the various layers of security. The outer layer contains the firewall. Middle layers contain various controls. The data is in the center protected by the other defenses. A newer concept is the kill chain. Borrowed from the military it is a method of detecting and breaking an opponent's kill chain. Lockheed Martin adapted this concept to information security, using it as a method for modeling intrusions on a computer network. Related pages. Using more than one of the following layers constitutes defense in depth.
Club Atlético Talleres is a sports club club that plays in Argentina's second division. Talleres' main rival is Belgrano de Córdoba. Talleres is the only team in Córdoba that has won an international competition. It was the Copa Conmebol in 1999.
Nicole Francine Aiello (born June 9, 1983) is an American R&amp;B singer-songwriter and model known by her stage name, Frankee. She grew up with her parents, Matthew and Francine, and her two siblings, elder brother Matthew Jr. and younger sister Monique. Nicole was given the nickname "Frankee," which came from her middle name (and is also her grandfather's nickname). She is best known for her debut single "F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" which is a answer back to fellow American R&amp;B singer-songwriter Eamons debut single "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)". Career. "F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" reached number one in the United Kingdom in May 2004, and Australia in June 2004. She then released her debut studio album later on that year. She then left her label in 2006 and signed with Big Management She has also modelled for "FHM" and "Maxim" magazines.
Muhammad Emwazi (Arabic: مُحَمَّد جَاسِم عَبْد ٱلْكَرِيم عَلِيَّان ٱلظُّفِيرِي; born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri, 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a Kuwaiti-born British Arab terrorist. He moved to London in 1994. He was thought to be the person seen in several videos produced by the militant group ISIL. The videos showed the beheadings of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him "Jihadi John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with British accents whom they called "The Beatles". On the night of 12 November 2015, US officials reported that Emwazi had been hit by a drone strike in Al-Raqqah, Syria. The following day, UK officials stated a “high degree of certainty” that Emwazi was killed. He was declared dead later that day.
On 13–14 November 2015, a mass shooting and suicide bombing happened in Paris and Stade de France at Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France at the Bataclan concert venue, and at other sites. 130 people were killed. Because of this, French President François Hollande announced a national state of emergency. In his speech of 14 November, Hollande said that 128 people were killed and another 128 were gravely injured. Overview. In total, over 350 people were injured during the attacks, about 100 of them are gravely injured. One of the attacks was at the Paris stadium, one of the others was at a theatre. The others six were at well known places in the city. At least seven people were involved in the attacks: seven were suicide bombers, one was shot by police.  ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks on the following day. The leader of the attacks was Belgian terrorist Abdelhamid Abaaoud. He was killed in a police raid on 18 November. Background. France had been on high alert for terrorist threats since the "Charlie Hebdo" shooting in early January 2015 and other related incidents during the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. France had also increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015, and had restored border checks the week before the attacks. The "Charlie Hebdo" shooting in January 2015 occurred in the 11th arrondissement of the city, where the Bataclan theatre is situated. Other attacks in France also took place, such as the stabbing of three soldiers in Nice who were guarding a Jewish community center, the Saint-Quentin Fallavier attack and the 2015 Thalys train attack. Islamic State and their branches have claimed responsibility for numerous deadly attacks within the weeks leading up to the attacks. On 12 November 2015, twin suicide bombings took place in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 43 people. On 31 October 2015, Metrojet Flight 9268, carrying mostly Russian passengers crashed in the Sinai
Roland Dumas (23 August 1922 – 3 July 2024) was a French lawyer and Socialist politician. He served as the Foreign Minister under President François Mitterrand from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1993. He was also President of the Constitutional Council from 1995 to 2000. He was born in Limoges, Haute-Vienne. Dumas turned 100 in August 2022. He died on 3 July 2024 in Paris, France at the age of 101.