ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Ericaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales. Plants of this family grow both in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The common English name of Ericaceae is the "heath family". Many plants of Ericaceae are shrubs, but there are also trees and herbs. There are about 120 genera and about 4000 species in this family. Many plants of Ericaceae are evergreen plants with small flowers in the shape of bells or tube. The color of flowers may be white, pink, red, violet, rarely yellow. It may be interest plants for gardens. Fruits of some species are edible. Some plants of Ericaceae have a poison in all their parts. The genus "Epacris" was treated in a separate family, Epacridaceae, but "Epacris" is now in this family.
The term alternation of generations is used to describe an alternation of forms in the life cycle of plants (and some protists).  One form is diploid, with 2"n" chromosomes: the sporophyte. The other form is haploid with only one set of chromosomes: the gametophyte. Both forms are multicellular. In sexual reproduction, organisms have a haploid phase with one set of chromosomes and a diploid phase with two sets of chromosomes. In animals the body (soma) is usually diploid, while the haploid stage is only the gametes.  In eukaryotes an alternation of generations may occur. This means that both the diploid and the haploid phases are multi-cellular organisms. The classic example is the mosses, where the green plant is a haploid gametophyte, and the reproductive phase is the diploid sporophyte. The two forms often occur "together", as shown in the illustration on the right The term "alternation of generations" refers only to the sexual cycle: organisms may have asexual reproduction as well. The term should not be confused with life cycle stages in animals, which may "look" very different, but where all cells have two sets of chromosomes. Plants. The alternation of generations is an important concept in the evolution of plants. All land plants have alternation of generations. In mosses and their relatives (Bryophytes), the haploid gametophyte is the dominant generation, and the diploid sporophytes are sporangium-bearing stalks growing from the gametophytes. In ferns, the diploid sporophyte is much larger, and the haploid gametophyte is a little plant that can grow for a long time. For flowering plants ("Angiosperms"), the sporophyte generation is almost the whole life cycle (the green plant, roots etc.) except the small reproductive structures (pollen and ovule). The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name), by meiosis. These develop into a gametophyte. Both the spores and the resulting gametophyte are haploid,
John of Gaunt (John Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine, 6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the rulers of England for over 300 years. Gaunt was the third surviving son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was the father of Henry IV. Gaunt was a younger brother of Edward, the Black Prince. He had great influence over the English throne during the childhood of his nephew, Richard II, and during the ensuing periods of political strife. He is not thought to have been an opponent of the king. John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, included Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. His other legitimate children included, by his first wife Blanche, his daughters Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter; and by his second wife Constance, his daughter Queen Catherine of Castile. John fathered five children outside marriage, one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother, and four by Katherine Swynford, Gaunt's long-term mistress and third wife. These were surnamed Beaufort (after a former French possession of the Duke). The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married in 1396. Their half-brother Henry IV added a later proviso that they were barred from inheriting the throne. Descendants of this marriage included Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and eventually cardinal; Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the great-grandfather of King Henry VII; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended, beginning in 1437, all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland, and successively, from 1603 on, the sovereigns of England, of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the United Kingdom to the present day. The three succeeding houses of English sovereign
A guinea is a coin that was minted in the Kingdom of England between 1663 and 1813. It is not used any more. The gold used to mint the first guineas was mined in the region of the same name in Africa. Although guinea coins had not been made for a long time, prices often continued to be shown in guineas until British prices became decimal in 1971. A guinea was worth £1,1s (one pound and one shilling). This is the same as £1.05 in modern money. Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. A price of 39 guineas might look like "about £39". In fact it is nearly £41. Prices in guineas were traditionally used for luxury goods before decimalisation. Savile Row tailors, bespoke boot makers, fine jewellers, and expensive motorcars were always priced in guineas. Guineas are still used as the currency in the United Kingdom in the purchasing of Cows and horses at bloodstock sales, such as foals,etc.
A muntjac is any small deer that genus "Muntiacus".  Muntjacs may be the oldest known deer, appearing 15-35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France and Germany. This genus is native to Southeast Asia and can be found in India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Taiwan, Japan and Indonesian islands. Two species were originally recognised: the barking deer is "Muntiacus vaginalis" and Reeves's muntjac is "Muntiacus reevesi". More recently, ten more species have been recognised, all from Asia.
A chorale (pronounce: "Ko-RAHL") is a hymn which is sung in a Lutheran church by all the people. Chorales developed during the late Renaissance and early Baroque period. Most of them were written at that time. Martin Luther thought that the congregation (people worshipping in church) should have music to sing that was not too difficult. He thought that the words should be in German instead of Latin so that everybody would understand what they were singing about. Luther wrote the words of many chorales himself. He even composed some of melodies himself, such as "Ein' feste Burg" ("A Mighty Fortress"). Sometimes he used the traditional Gregorian Chant melodies from the Catholic worship and added new German words to it, for example "Christ lag in Todesbanden" ("Christ lay in Death's Dark Bonds"). The words of a chorale have a rhyming pattern. Most of the melodies have an AAB shape (the melody of the first part sung twice, then the second part). This shape is called "Bar form" in German. Johann Sebastian Bach used many chorale tunes, usually adding harmony of his own. He used these in his cantatas. Many of these chorales in four-part harmonies are sung as hymns today in German Protestant churches, and some of the tunes are used in English-speaking countries as well. Chorale tunes also appear in chorale preludes, pieces for the organ. These would usually have been played during the church services before the chorale was sung. Chorales were used by many later composers in their compositions, e.g. Felix Mendelssohn, Anton Bruckner and Max Reger.
Heathers is a 1989 American black comedy teen movie starring Winona Ryder, Christian Slater, and Shannen Doherty. The movie is about a group of four girls in a high school in Sherwood, Ohio. The girls, three of whom are named Heather, rule the school as they are the prettiest and most popular girls in town. "Heathers" won awards for its director Michael Lehmann and producer Denise Di Novi the 1990 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature. Daniel Waters also won an award for his screenplay, which won a 1990 Edgar Award. The movie was a U.S. box office failure, but has since become a cult classic, as is shown by its high sales and rentals on DVD and VHS. In 2006, it was ranked #5 on "Entertainment Weekly's" list of the "50 Best High School Movies". Adaptations. In 2014, Laurence O’Keefe and Kevin Murphy made a musical called that was based on the movie.  In 2018, Paramount Pictures made a tv show called Heathers based on the original movie.
Mariano Andrés Pernía Molina (born 4 May 1977) is an Argentine-Spanish retired footballer who played as a left back and current race car driver. After retiring from football, like his father and brother Leonel, Mariano began to compete in motorsports. He has competed mainly in Turismo Nacional but also in TC2000 and Super TC2000. Motorsport career. After retiring from football, like his father and brother Leonel, Mariano began to compete in motorsports. He has competed mainly in Turismo Nacional but also in TC2000 and Super TC2000. Club career statistics. 46||2||colspan="2"|-||0||0||46||2 211||17||10||1||14||1||235||19 257||19||10||1||14||1||281||21 International career statistics. !Total||11||1
Carlos Marchena (born 31 July 1979) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Valencia and Spain national team. Club career statistics. 273||7 20||2 293||9 International career statistics. !Total||69||2
David Albelda Aliqués (; born 1 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He is currently a manager. Career statistics. Club. 1 Included 5 appearances and 1 goal in Segunda División promotion play-off 1996 2 Included 2 appearances in La Liga relegation play-off 1999 3 Included 2 appearances and 1 goal in Supercopa de Espana 1999 4 Included 2 appearances in Supercopa de Espana 2004 and 1 appearance in UEFA Super Cup 2004 5 Included 2 appearances in Supercopa de Espana 2008 International. Appearances and goals by national team and year Honours. Valencia Spain U23
Xavier Hernández Creus (born 25 January 1980), known as Xavi, is a Spanish manager and former footballer. He is currently the manager of FC Barcelona in La Liga. After completing his career, Xavi switched to coaching, and in May 2019 he was appointed head coach of the Qatari club Al-Sadd. In November 2021, Xavi was appointed coach of his former club Barcelona. Xavi was known as one of the best midfielders of the world and as one of the best Spanish players of all time. International career statistics. !Total||82||8
José Antonio Reyes Calderón (1 September 1983 – 1 June 2019) was a Spanish professional footballer. He played mainly as a left winger but also as a forward. On 1 June 2019, Reyes was killed in a car crash in Utrera, Spain at the age of 35. Club career statistics. 116||28||11||3||4||1||131||32 69||16||17||5||24||2||110||23 24||4||1||0||5||1||30||5 209||48||29||8||33||4||271||60 International career statistics. !Total||21||4
Antonio López Guerrero (born 13 September 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid. Club career statistics. 237||11 237||11 International career statistics. !Total||16||1
Andrés Iniesta (born 11 May 1984) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Barcelona and the Spanish national team. He is known for scoring the 2010 FIFA World Cup winning goal against the Netherlands in the 116th minute of extra time. He is regarded as one of the greatest midfielder of all time. Club career statistics. 337||33||55||6||101||10||495||49 337||33||55||6||101||10||495||49 International career statistics. !Total||102||12
Sergio Ramos García Rufine(; born 30 March 1986) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Sevilla FC. Club career statistics. International. Notes  "As of match played 6 September 2020. Spain score listed first, score column indicates score after each Ramos goal."
Juan Gutiérrez Moreno (born 23 July 1976) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid. Club career statistics. 291||20 291||20 International career statistics. !Total||25||3
David Villa Sánchez (born 3 December 1981) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a striker. He last played for Vissel Kobe of the J1 League. Best known for his ability to understand, and control the game, he was considered to be one of the best strikers of his generation.  Villa also played for the Spanish national team from 2005 to 2017.  Honours. Zaragoza Valencia Barcelona Atlético Madrid Vissel Kobe Spain Individual Achievements Decorations
Pablo Ibáñez (born 3 August 1981) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Atlético Madrid. Club career statistics. 223||11 223||11 International career statistics. !Total||23||0
José Manuel Reina (born 31 August 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team. Club career statistics. 139||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||49||0||196||0 136||0||7||0||1||0||50||0||194||0 275||0||15||0||1||0||99||0||390||0 International career statistics. !Total||19||0
A plate block is a block of postage stamps that includes the part of the sheet margin with the serial number of the printing plate(s) used to print the stamps. Sometimes the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves, but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet, frequently alongside the name of the printer.
The Singapore Chinese Orchestra (SCO) is Singapore’s only professional Chinese orchestra. As the main one of local performing arts groups, the SCO has the patronage of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. It is located at the Singapore Conference Hall since 2001 after the revamp of the building. Under the baton of music director Sheng Hui, the 70-strong orchestra aspires to introduce Chinese orchestral music to an ever-broadening audience. It is now currently led by Quek Ling Kiong, Principal Conductor, together with Tsung Yeh, Conductor Emeritus and Mr Moses Gay, Associate Conductor
Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 184430 July 1900) was Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 until his death in 1900. He was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He was also Duke of Edinburgh from 1866 until 1893. Biography. Early life. Alfred Ernest Albert was born on August 6, 1844, in Windsor, England, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His early life was marked by the influence of his parents, who emphasized education and the arts. Growing up in a royal household, Alfred was taught various cultures and languages, which shaped his later interests. Education. Alfred received a comprehensive education at home, benefiting from private tutors who instructed him in a wide array of subjects, including science, literature, and languages. He was particularly interested in engineering and the military, which influenced his future career path. Career. Alfred joined the Royal Navy in 1858, advancing quickly through the ranks. He served in various capacities, including on the HMS Majestic and the HMS Duke of Wellington. His naval career included a notable stint in the Mediterranean and participation in the bombardment of Alexandria in 1882. Marriage. On July 24, 1874, Alfred married the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, the daughter of Emperor Alexander II. Their marriage was both a personal and political union, strengthening ties between the British and Russian royal families. The couple settled in the United Kingdom, where they became prominent figures in royal circles. Children. Alfred and Maria had five children: 1. Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 2. Marie, who married Prince Ferdinand of Romania 3. Victoria, who married Prince Louis of Battenberg 4. Alexandra, who married Prince Ernst II of Hohenlohe-Langenbug 5. Beatrice, who married Duke Infante Alfonso of Galliera Role as Duke of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg. In 1893, Alfred became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, following the
The Hillsborough disaster happened on 15 April 1989. It happened at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. A stampede of people in the stadiums caused the deaths of 97 people (all Liverpool FC supporters). Another 766 people were injured. It happened during the FA Cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest football clubs.  After the disaster, it was believed to be caused by the football fans. However, this turned out not to be true. A later investigation saw that the police were to blame. Ambulances were not able to reach the pitch where the stampede happened, which helped increase the number of people who died. There is a memorial at Hillsborough Stadium in memory of the people who died. It is the worst disaster in British sporting history. The newspaper "The Sun" made an untrue headline, days after the disaster. In February 2017, Liverpool F.C. put a ban on "The Sun" journalists from entering their grounds in response to the coverage of Hillsborough by the newspaper.
Hillsborough Stadium is the home of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club in Sheffield, England. It was opened on 2 September 1899. It is now a 39,814 capacity all-seater stadium. A lot of the seats are covered. It is in the Sheffield suburb of Owlerton. It takes its name from the parliamentary constituency in which it is. On 15 April 1989, the ground was the scene of one of the worst sporting tragedies of all time. 94 Liverpool fans were crushed to death during an FA Cup semi-final. This was called the Hillsborough disaster. The final death toll was 96. This meant that extra security measures were added there and in other stadiums around the country.
Liverpool Street station, also known as London Liverpool Street, is a major railway station in the City of London. It is the southern terminus of the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML), and is connected to a London Underground station of the same name.  Liverpool Street the main departure point from London to the East of England. It serves those places not served by the East Coast Main Line from King's Cross. It has commuter service to parts of East London and Essex, such as Chelmsford, Clacton-on-Sea, Witham and Norwich. It serves the London Stansted Airport via the Stansted Express.  It is one of the busiest stations in the United Kingdom, the third busiest in London after Waterloo and Victoria. Over 123 million people use the station each year. It is one of 17 managed by Network Rail. The station has exits to Bishopsgate, Liverpool Street and the Broadgate development. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.
George V (George Frederick Alexander Charles Ernest Augustus; 27 May 1819–12 June 1878) was the last King of Hanover and a member of the German branch of the House of Hanover.He was a grandson of George III of the United Kingdom and son of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover. George V was a cousin of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Family. George married, on 18 February 1843, at Hanover, Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, the eldest daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, by his wife, Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. They had three children.
ubuntu-restricted-extras is a package for Ubuntu, that allows the user to install most of the essential restricted software, due to legal, or copyright reasons. It is a meta-package that installs, among other things: Inclusion. Ubuntu-restricted-extras is already included in distros like Super OS
Elizabeth Woodville (Also known by Elizabeth Wydeville) was the wife of King Edward IV of England. She was the mother of King Edward V of England. She was also the mother of Elizabeth of York, the queen consort of King Henry VII of England. Elizabeth was born some time around the year 1437, at Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. Her parents were Sir Richard Woodville and his wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, a foreign noblewoman who had first been married to the Duke of Bedford. After her first husband died, Jacquetta fell in love with Sir Richard, who was not very rich or important even though he was a knight. Jacquetta's friends and family felt that it was an unsuitable marriage and that he was not good enough for her. They had fourteen children altogether. When Elizabeth first met Edward, she was a widow. Elizabeth and her first husband, Lord Grey, had two sons, Thomas and Richard. Then Lord Grey was killed in battle, fighting on the opposite side to King Edward. Because she was a widow who already had children, and because her family had supported King Edward's enemies, she was thought to be an unsuitable wife for the king. Elizabeth and Edward were married in secret, because the king did not want to quarrel with his great friend the Earl of Warwick, who wanted Edward to marry a princess. At the time of their marriage, Edward was 22 and Elizabeth a few years older. When the Earl of Warwick discovered that the young king had married Elizabeth without his permission, he was furious. Although he was forced to accept the marriage, he became angry at the way Elizabeth's family grew powerful as a result of her becoming queen. A few years later, he turned against Edward and tried to put his rival, King Henry VI of England, back on the throne. While Edward was fighting to get his throne back, Elizabeth went to Westminster Abbey to find sanctuary; this meant that, because the abbey was a holy place, she could not be captured by her enemies as long as she remained there. While there, she gave birth to her first son, who was named Edward after his father. After a while, her husband
"For the nearby rail bridge, see Forth Rail Bridge." The Forth Road Bridge is a suspension bridge crossing the Firth of Forth in Scotland. It connects the city of Edinburgh to Fife. The bridge carries cars and pedestrians across the Firth. It was built in 1963. Trains use the nearby Forth Rail Bridge, a historic railroad bridge built in 1890. The bridge was designed by architect Richard Gilbert Scott. Repairs. Even though the bridge was built so recently, it has had some serious repairs done. A report into the failure of nine heavy-duty nuts on the Forth Road Bridge said all 1,888 similar nuts on the crossing should be replaced. All the cable band nuts and bolts were replaced in the late 1990s as part of a large project to replace the hanger ropes. Ten years later, a report found serious defects. Bridge authority FETA investigated when inspectors found the nine cracked nuts. Engineers FaberMaunsell carried out lab tests and a study of similar issues on suspension bridges across the world. The nuts are used to secure 192 'cable bands' to the bridge's main cables. The report also found workmen had not placed washers correctly. This may have led to uneven pressure on the nuts. The protective coating on the nuts was poor, and allowed moisture to cause damage. Engineers have now replaced all nuts and bolts which were cracked.