ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Sorbian languages are Slavic languages, a branch of the Indo-European languages.  They are the Sorbs' native languages, who are a Slavic minority in eastern Germany. The languages used to be known as Wendish or Lusatian.  There are two languages: Upper Sorbian ("hornjoserbsce"), spoken by about 40,000 people in Saxony, and Lower Sorbian ("dolnoserbski"), spoken by about 10,000 people in Brandenburg. Both languages are spoken is an area known as Lusatia ("Łužica" in Upper Sorbian, "Łužyca" in Lower Sorbian and "Lausitz" in German). In Germany, Upper and Lower Sorbian are officially recognized and protected as minority languages by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In the home areas of the Sorbs, both languages are officially equal to German. The city of Bautzen, Upper Lusatia, is the centre of Upper Sorbian culture. Bilingual signs can be seen around the city, including the name of the city, "Bautzen/"Budyšin"". The city of Cottbus ("Chóśebuz") is considered the cultural centre of Lower Sorbian. Cottbuss also has bilingual signs. Sorbian is also spoken in the small Sorbian (“Wendish”) settlement of Serbin in Lee County, Texas. Until recently newspapers were published in Sorbian there. The local dialect has been heavily influenced by surrounding speakers of German and English. American and Australian communities often prefer to call themselves “Wends” or “Wendish” since think that “Sorb” and “Sorbian” are bad words.
Bautzen (, , ; ) is a city in eastern Saxony, Germany, and capital of the Bautzen Rural District. It is on the Spree River. In 2005, 42,189 people lived in Bautzen. Asteroid "11580 Bautzen" is named in honour of the city. Bautzen is historical capital of Upper Lusatia, and it is the most important cultural centre of the Sorbs, a Slavic minority. During World War II and the Nazi era, there was a subcamp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp in Bautzen. Ernst Thälmann was imprisoned there before being deported to Buchenwald. After the war Bautzen was well known in the German Democratic Republic because of its prison. Bautzen I was used as an official prison, Bautzen II was a secret prison for prisoners of conscience (people arrested for their political beliefs, not because of an ordinary crime). Bautzen I is still used as a prison, and Bautzen II has been a memorial since 1993. In 2002 the city commemorated its thousandth birthday.
Ghettos were originally separate, closed-off areas where Jewish people were forced to live, apart from everyone else. Today, it is common for the word "ghetto" to be used for describing any poverty-stricken urban area with a concentration of minority groups.  Etymology. The word "ghetto" was first used in 1516 to describe the part of Venice, Italy where Jews had to live. The word has a few possible sources. It may come from the word "getto", the Venetian word for foundry slag, because Jews were only allowed to live in the area around the iron foundries. It might also come from the Italian word "borghetto", meaning a little "borgo" (borough). History. According to the "Britannica": "One of the earliest forced segregations of Jews was in Muslim Morocco when, in 1280, [Jews] were transferred to segregated [areas] called millahs. In some Muslim countries, rigid ghetto systems were enforced with [limits] on the sizes of houses and doors." However, these areas were not called "ghettos". That word was first used in 1516 to describe the Venetian Ghetto, where Christian watchmen stood guard to make sure no Jews left. Over the next 200 years, Jews were segregated into ghettos throughout Europe - in Rome, Prague, Frankfurt, and other cities. (The ghetto in Prague was called "Judenstadt:" "Jew Town".) By the 1800s, Jews were no longer legally required to live in ghettos. However, between the 1930s and 1945, Nazi Germany forced Jews to live in ghettos throughout Nazi-controlled parts of Europe. The Holocaust. "See the main page: Ghettos in Europe during the Holocaust" The Nazis established around 1,500 ghettos during the Holocaust and forced Jews to live there. Some Roma people, Greeks, and Soviets were also forced into Nazi ghettos.Nobody was allowed to leave the ghettos without special permission. Many (like the Warsaw Ghetto) were surrounded by walls or barbed wire. Tens of
ECW (which at one time stood for Extreme Championship Wrestling) was a professional wrestling brand of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), based on the independent Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion that lasted from 1992 to 2001. It started on June 13, 2006 with a weekly television series. The ECW brand was one of WWE's three brands, the other two being Raw and SmackDown. Show history. Original format. WWE got Extreme Championship Wrestling and its video library in 2003 and later began reintroducing ECW through a series of DVDs and books. The big popularity of ECW merchandise made WWE organize ECW One Night Stand, an ECW reunion pay-per-view, in 2005. The financial and critical success of the event encourages WWE to start a second One Night Stand the next year. With new interest in the ECW product, WWE began exploring the possibility of restarting the promotion full-time. On May 26, 2006, WWE announced the start of ECW as a stand-alone brand, alongside Raw and SmackDown!, with its own show on the Sci Fi Channel. Despite worries that professional wrestling would not be accepted by the Sci Fi Channel's demographic, network President Bonnie Hammer said that she believed ECW would fit the channel's theme of "stretching the imagination". Sci Fi Channel is owned by NBCUniversal, parent company of USA Network and exclusive cable broadcaster of WWE programming at that time. The ECW brand directly tried to make itself feel different from WWE's other brands. The hard cameras were placed in a different location and the ring mat had an ECW logo on it. The male performers were also called "Extremists" instead of "Superstars", and female performers were called "Vixens" instead of" Divas". It also had the first ECW talent. Later however, changes were made to make it different from the original ECW promotion, including changing the original promotion's rules where weapons were legal in all matches and there were rarely any count outs or disqualifications. WWE had such matches fought under "Extreme Rules", and they were only fought when announced. The only pay-per-view event hosted exclusively by the ECW brand was December
The Tetragrammaton or YHWH is God's personal name as revealed in the Bible. God's name can be represented by the four Hebrew consonants. These consonants can be spelled in English as YHWH. Known as the Tetragrammaton, it appears nearly 7,000 times in the Old Testament (the Hebrew bible). Overview. In English, the four letters of the Tetragrammaton are represented by the consonants Y, H twice and W. YHWH is, by far, the most frequently occurring name in the Bible. It reportedly appears for over 7,000 times in the Bible. While its writers refer to God by many titles, such as "Lord", the "Almighty" and "Most High", YHWH is the only personal name they use to identify God. The name may be derived from a verb that means "to be", "to exist", "to cause to become", or "to come to pass". Origin. In the Bible, YHWH is directed to be used as the name for God. In the Book of Joel:  Meanwhile, the psalmist wrote:  Use in translations. English and non-Hebrew versions of the Bible do not use the name YHWH. This may be due to the writing in the Exodus 20:7 and Deuteronomy 5:11; which say "to not take up God's name in vain". It may also be due to not knowing the right way to say the name, means that it should not be used. Christian Bible. While Bible scholars acknowledge that God's personal name, as represented by the Tetragrammaton (Hebrew: יהוה), appears almost 7,000 times in the original text of the Hebrew Scriptures, many feel that it did not appear in the original text of the Christian Greek Scriptures.  For this reason, most modern English Bibles do not use the name YHWH when translating the New Testament. Even when translating quotations from the Hebrew Scriptures in which the Tetragrammaton appears, most translators use "Lord" rather than God's personal name.  There are few translations that do
Oriana Fallaci (29 June 1929 - 15 September 2006) was an Italian journalist, author, and political interviewer. A young partisan during World War II, she had a long and successful journalistic career.  She has interviewed many internationally known leaders and celebrities such as the Dalai Lama, Henry Kissinger, the Shah of Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini, Willy Brandt, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Walter Cronkite, Omar Khadafi, Federico Fellini, Sammy Davis Jr, Nguyen Cao Ky, Yasser Arafat, Indira Gandhi, Alexandros Panagoulis, Archbishop Makarios III, Golda Meir, Nguyen Van Thieu, Haile Selassie and Sean Connery. After retirement, she returned to writing a series of articles and books critical of Islam and Arabs and some people interpreted the articles under the guise of racism and so-called Islamophobia. Life and career. Fallaci was born in Florence, Italy. During World War II, she joined the resistance in the democratic armed group "Giustizia e Libertà". Her father Edoardo Fallaci, was a famous antifascist political activist, in Florence. Fallaci began her journalistic career in her teens, becoming a special correspondent for the Italian paper "Il mattino dell'Italia centrale" in 1946. For many years, Fallaci was a special correspondent for the political magazine "L'Europeo" and wrote for a number of leading newspapers and "Epoca" magazine. In this time, she had her first relationship with her collegue Alfredo Pieroni, that unfortunatekly ended after her miscarriage. After 1967 she worked as a war correspondent, in Vietnam, for the Indo-Pakistani War, in the Middle East and in South America. During the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre prior to the 1968 Summer Olympics, Fallaci was shot three times, dragged down stairs by her hair, and left for dead by Mexican forces. The demonstrations by immigrants in the United States these past few months "disgust" her, especially when protesters displayed the Mexican flag. "I
Solange Piaget Knowles (; born June 24, 1986), also known as Solange, is an American singer, songwriter and model. She began her musical career at age 14. She has been acting since 2003. She is also now an entrepreneur promoting "Baby Jamz". Knowles is the younger sister of Beyoncé. She appeared in her sister's music video for "B'Day" and in "". She has always been compared to her more famous sister by the media. In the lyrics to "God Given Name", she says her thoughts about this: "I'm not her and never will be". Knowles started her own record label, Saint Records in 2013. Personal life. Her father is Matthew Knowles and her mother is Tina Knowles. She is known as the younger sister of pop singer Beyoncé. She started her musical career at age 14. At age 17, she married football player Daniel Smith. Their son, Daniel Julez Smith Jr. was born at October 18, 2004. She then later divorcing Smith three years later. She now lives with her son and family in Louisiana. Her hometown is Houston, Texas. She has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Jessie Redmon Fauset (April 27, 1882 – April 30, 1961) was an American editor, poet, essayist and novelist. She wrote more books than any other African-American female novelist of the Harlem Renaissance. Her life and work. Fauset was born in Fredericksville, New Jersey, in Camden County. She was the daughter of Annie Seamon and Redmon Fauset, a Presbyterian minister. Her mother, Annie, died when she was still a little girl. Fauset attended Philadelphia High School for girls. She was the only African-American student to graduate. After high school Fauset graduated from Cornell University in 1905. She was also the first African-American woman to be honoured by being made a member of the "Phi Beta Kappa" Society which encourages talented undergraduate students. In 1912, when she was only 16 years old she started work at the NAACP's journal, "The Crisis". The NAACP is the "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People", an organization that was begun in 1902 to help African-Americans, and is now one of the oldest civil rights organizations in America. From 1919 to 1926 Fauset was the literary editor of "The Crisis". She wrote 77 published works of which 58 were first published in the journal.  She is the author of four novels," There Is Confusion " (1924), "Plum Bun" (1928), "The Chinaberry Tree: A Novel of American Life" (1931), and "Comedy, American Style" (1933). She was made an honorary member of the women's society for academics whose work has really helped other people, "Delta Sigma Theta". Fauset worked as a school teacher for many years. She stopped teaching in 1944. She died in 1961 from heart failure. References. Kevin De Ornellas has written five articles about Fauset in "Writing African American Women: An Encyclopedia of Literature by and about Women of Color" (Greenwood Press, 2006), edited by Elizabeth Ann Beaulieu. One article is a biography; the other four pieces analyze her four novels.)
Ruins are the parts of buildings that are left after they have been destroyed and cannot be used properly any more. Many ruins are ancient and famous like the ruins of the forum of Ancient Rome, or the ruins of Tintagel Castle on the coast of Cornwall. Ruins can be caused by wars or by natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires and volcanos. Sometimes people leave a house or a village to stand empty, and move somewhere else. When this happens, the house or village slowly becomes a ruin.  Studying ruins. Historic ruins are often a good place for archaeologists to search for evidence of the way people used to live. Often the ruins have all sorts of interesting things buried in them. Archaeologists call the things that they find "artefacts". Artefacts might include beautiful artworks, jewellry and gold coins but usually they are ordinary things like cooking pots, mugs, spoons, hair combs, pipes, old shoes, broken toys and rats' nests. Historians use the evidence found by the archaeologists to write about the place and what might have happened there.  Other people who find ruins very interesting are artists. Many artists have drawn or painted pictures of ruined buildings. In the 18th and 19th centuries, pictures of ruins became very popular.
Annaberg was a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It ended on August 1, 2008. History. The district of Annaberg was established in 1874. The capital city was formed in 1945 when the towns of Annaberg and Buchholz were joined to form Annaberg-Buchholz.
Golden age is an expression (or term) that people use when they are talking or writing about a time that is past, when everything seemed to be good.  There are several ways that the term can be used.  This means a time in the history of Ancient Greece when the city of Athens had peace, good government and everyone had enough to eat.  This means a time when many artists in Denmark were painting very fine pictures.  This means that the person speaking says that their time at Harvard University was the happiest in their life. &lt;br&gt;
617 Patroclus "(pə-troe'-kləs," ) is a binary minor planet made up of two similarly-sized objects orbiting their common centre of gravity. It is a Trojan, sharing an orbit with Jupiter. It was found in 1907 by August Kopff, and was the second Trojan asteroid to be found. Recent evidence suggests that the objects are icy comets, rather than rocky asteroids. Orbit. Patroclus orbits in Jupiter's trailing Lagrangian point, L5, in an orbit called the 'Trojan node' after one of the sides in the legendary Trojan War (the other node is called the 'Greek node'). Patroclus is the only object in the Trojan camp to be named after a Greek character; the naming rules for the Trojan asteroids were not made until after Patroclus was named (similarly, the asteroid Hektor is the only Trojan character to appear in the Greek camp). Binary. In 2001, it was found that Patroclus is a binary object, made up of two asteroids which are almost the same size. In February, 2006, a team of astronomers led by Franck Marchis measured accurately the orbit of the system using the Keck Laser guide star adaptive optics system. They thought that the two asteroids orbit around their center of mass in 4.283±0.004 d at a distance of 680±20 km, describing a close to circular orbit. Putting together their sightings with thermal measurements taken in November 2000, the team thought what the size of the asteroids of the system could be. The slightly bigger asteroids, which measures 122 km in diameter, continues to have the name Patroclus. The smaller asteroid, measuring 112 km, is now named Menoetius (full name (617) Patroclus I Menoetius), after the legendary Patroclus's father. Its provisional designation was S/2001 (617) 1. What they are made of. Because of the density of the asteroids (0.8 g/cm³) is less than water and about one third that of rock, the team of researchers led by F. Marchis suggest that the Patro
Aue-Schwarzenberg was a rural district in the Free State of Saxony, in the country of Germany. It ended in 2008. History. The districts of Aue and Schwarzenberg were formed in 1873. In 1994 both districts were joined in order to form a new district, which was called "Westerzgebirgskreis" (the Western Ore Mountains District). It was renamed Aue-Schwarzenberg in 1995. Geography. The district is located in the western part of the Erzgebirge (ore) Mountains. The tops of these mountains are also the German-Czech border. The highest peak in the district is the Auersberg , second highest mountain in Saxony.
Delitzsch is a former rural district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. History. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815 Saxony had to give a lot of its land to Prussia, including the region of Delitzsch. The Prussian government made the district of Delitzsch. Prussia was dissolved after the end of the Nazi era. Delitzsch was made a part of the new state of Saxony-Anhalt. In 1953 the East German government dissolved the states. After the German reunification in 1990, the states were made again, but now Delitzsch and Eilenburg (two districts made of the former Delitzsch district) were given to Saxony instead of Saxony-Anhalt. The two districts were joined in 1994 and gave the district in its present borders. In 2008 Delitzsch Rural district was merged with Torgau-Oschatz Rural District to Nordsachsen Rural District.  Geography. The district is in the triangle between the big cities of Leipzig, Halle and Bitterfeld. It is mostly countryside, and used for farming. The Mulde River runs through the east part of the district. On the eastern banks there is the Düben Heath ("Dübener Heide") nature park.
Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a musical with a book by Hugh Wheeler and music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim. The musical is based on the 19th century legend of Sweeney Todd and is similar to the 1973 play "The String of Pearls", by Christopher Bond. A movie based off the play was made in 2007, starring Johnny Depp as Sweeney Todd.  "Sweeney Todd" opened on Broadway at the Uris Theatre on March 1, 1979. It was directed by Harold Prince with musical staging by Larry Fuller, and starred Len Cariou as Sweeney Todd and Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Lovett. The musical played 557 times. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical.  Story. The story is about Sweeney Todd, who was first named Benjamin Barker. Todd comes back from the prison camps in Australia, where he was sent for fifteen years on false charges by a judge named Turpin. He then learns from a lonely pie-maker known as Mrs. Lovett that his wife poisoned herself after being raped by Judge Turpin. He also finds out that the Judge is keeping his daughter. Todd decides to take revenge. Sweeney and Mrs Lovett become partners in a plan that ends in murder, and increasing business for Lovett's pie shop, which they make pies. The show starred Josh GrobanHttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Groban and Annaleigh Ashford  2025 National Tour. Dates and locations  Awards and nominations. Original Broadway production 1989 Broadway revival 2005 Broadway revival 2007 Film
WayOutWest Records is an independent record label from London. They have made singles and EPs by the following artists: WayOutWest also manage a number of bands and solo artists, such as the Cascade Mountain Boys.
McFly is a British pop rock band who first became famous in 2003. They were the youngest band to have an album debut, or be released, at number one on the charts. The band was started by Tom Fletcher (born 17 July 1985) and also has Danny Jones (born 12 March 1986), Dougie Poynter (born 30 November 1987), and Harry Judd (born 23 December 1985). They were signed to the Island Records label and are managed by Happy Entertainment. In 1999, they left Stiff Records and created their own label, Super Records. By April 1999, McFly had thirteen top ten singles. Seven of these songs reached number one in the UK Singles Chart and two number one albums: their first album, "Room on the 3rd Floor", and their second, "Wonderland". Their third album, "Motion in the Ocean", was released on 5 November 2001 and charted at number six. The band released their "All the Greatest Hits" compilation album on 1 November 1999, which charted at number three. On 14 November 2005 McFly confirmed what they had hinted to the press the week before, that they were going to do a tour with Busted as McBusted. In November 2005 McFly also wrote and made the new theme tune for " The Paul O'Grady Show".
A gold rush is when a lot of people move to an area found to have a lot of gold deposits. Famous examples include: It may also mean: In music: In entertainment: Places:
The Maccabees are a English indie band based in Brighton. They first came from south London. Name. The band thought of the name 'The Maccabees' by opening the Bible to a random page. Even though the name has religious meaning, lead singer Orlando Weeks said that none of the band are religious in an interview on Steve Lamacq's BBC Radio 1 show. History. The Maccabees' debut single, 'X-Ray', was released on the Promise record label on 28 November 2005. It was played a little in the evenings on London radio station Xfm London. The band got very attentiong until six months later, when they released their second single, 'Latchmere'. The song was about the wave machine at the band's local Latchmere Leisure Centre in Battersea, south London. It was released on Fierce Panda Records in April 2006. This song was talked about by Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacqu and was played on MTV2. The video, directed by Hugh Frost and Samuel Bebbington, also became a hit after it was put on YouTube. In mid-2006, the music magazine NME wrote favourable things about the band, such as a review of their show at Cafe dé Paris in London. The magazine called the band "the best new band in Britain". In November 2006 the band toured, or traveled and played, with Fields, ¡Forward, Russia!, and Wolfmother as part of the MTV Two "Brand Spanking New Music" tour. Drummer Robert Dylan Thomas broke his wrist just before the band were due to begin touring, and was replaced by drummer Elliott Andrews. Elliot toured with the band until early 2007, and now plays drums for Kate Nash. The band are currently signed to Fiction Records, and released their debut album 'Colour It In' in May 2007. Because the album had been leaked, or accidentally put, on the internet, 'Colour It In' became available to download exclusively from iTunes on 17 April before its release on 14 May. The song First Love was the Maccabees' first to chart in the UK top 40. It was
Boaz Mauda, born on the 23th of April, 1987 in Elyakim, Israel.  He won the fifth season of "Kokhav Nolad", the Israeli version of "Pop Idol", and represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008, finishing in 9th place. His voice has been described as somewhere between David D'Or and Dana International.