ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Messier 49 (also known as "NGC 4472") is an elliptical galaxy about away in the constellation of Virgo. This galaxy was discovered by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771. Messier 49 is 4.1° west-southwest of the star Epsilon Virginis. Messier 49 was the first member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies to be discovered. It is the most luminous member of that cluster and is brighter than any galaxy closer to the Earth. This galaxy is part of the smaller Virgo B subcluster 4.5° away from the dynamic center of the Virgo Cluster, which is centered on Messier 87. Messier 49 is gravitationally interacting with the dwarf irregular galaxy UGC 7636.  Messier 49 has the radio emission of a normal galaxy. However, the core of the galaxy is emitting X-rays, which suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole of , or 565 million times the mass of the Sun. To the southwest of the core, the luminous outline of the galaxy can be traced out to a distance of 260 thousand parsecs. The only supernova event observed within this galaxy is SN 1969Q, discovered in June 1969. This galaxy has a large collection of globular clusters, estimated at about 5,900. However, this count is far exceeded by the 13,450 globular clusters orbiting the supergiant elliptical galaxy Messier 87. On average, the globular clusters of M 49 are about 10 billion years old. Between 2000–2009, strong evidence for a stellar mass black hole was discovered in an M 49 cluster. A second candidate was announced in 2011.
, also known as NAOJ, is a Japanese astronomy research organization. NAOJ has several facilities in Japan; and it has an observatory on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. History. NAOJ was established in 1988. Three institutions merged. They were the  In 2004, NAOJ became part of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS). NINS was created to promote collaboration among researchers of the five constituent institutes. NAOJ merged with four other national institutes. They were The Headquarters, Astronomy Data Center, Advanced Technology Center, Public Relations Center Solar Flare Telescope, Sunspot Telescope, TAMA 300 gravitational wave detector Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle Historical instruments: Solar Tower Telescope, 65cm refractor dome, 20cm refractor dome  45m Millimeter Radio Telescope, Nobeyama Millimeter Array, Nobeyama Radio Heliograph 20m radio telescope, 10m VLBI radio telescope Historical building: Dr. Kimura Museum 10cm Coronagraph, 25cm Coronagraph 188cm telescope, 91cm telescope, 65cm Coude-Type solar telescope Mizusawa Ogasawara.  Iriki.  Ishigakijima.  Subaru 8m telescope (Mauna Kea)  Hilo Base Facility (Hilo, Hawaii).
The short-beaked common dolphin ("Delphinus delphis") is one of the two species of the genus, Delphinus. It is found in warm temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Sea. Description. The short-beaked common dolphin is a medium-sized dolphin, but is smaller than the other species of the genus Delphinus, the long-beaked common dolphin. Adults grow between the lengths of 1.6 to 2 meters (5.2 to 6.6 ft), and weigh between 70 and 235 kg (150 to 520 Ib). Short-beaked common dolphins are said to be heavier than the Long-beaked common dolphin. The back of the short-beaked common dolphin is dark grey, the belly is white, and the sides are light grey, gold or yellow. Feeding. Short-beaked common dolphins eat fish like cod, herrings, sardines, and flying fish. They also eat octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and crustaceans. Reproduction. Female short-beaked common dolphins are pregnant for around 10 to 11 months before giving birth to young which are 70 to 100 cm (2.3 to 3.3 ft) long, and weigh about 10 kg (22 Ib). Males mature at the age of between 3 and 12 years old, and females mature at the age of between 2 and 7 years old. They live for around 35 years, but some live for only 22 years. Species. The short-beaked common dolphin was first thought to be the only species of the genus, Delphinus. But soon, studies show that there is another species, the long-beaked common dolphin ("Delphinus capensis"). The difference between the short-beaked common dolphin and the long-beaked common dolphin is that the short-beaked common dolphin is smaller in size and has a smaller beak than the long-beaked common dolphin.
Cheryl Rae Tiegs (born September 25 1947 in Breckenridge, Minnesota) is an American fashion model and actress. She is best known for her modeling for the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue". Tiegs has been on the cover of the "SI" Swimsuit Issue three times. She has also been on the covers of many other magazines. These include "Vogue", "Glamour", "Harper's" and "Time". Tiegs performed as herself in the sitcom "Just Shoot Me". From 1970 to 1979, she was married to movie director Stan Dragoti.
Messier 84 (also known as "NGC 4374") is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. M84 is in the heavily populated inner core of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. Radio observations and Hubble Space Telescope images of M84 have revealed two jets of matter shooting out from the galaxy's centre, as well as a disk of rapidly rotating gas and stars. This suggests there is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Its mass is 1.5 M☉, that is gravitation amounting to 15 billion solar masses. History. Charles Messier discovered Messier 84 in 1781 when he searched for "nebulous objects" in the night sky. The object is the 84th in the Messier Catalogue. Supernovae. Two supernovae have been observed in M84: SN 1957 and SN 1991bg. Possibly, a third, SN 1980I is part of M84 or, alternatively, one of its neighboring galaxies, NGC 4387 and M86.
Ricardo Montalbán (Ricardo Gonzalo Pedro Montalbán y Merino, November 25, 1920 – January 14, 2009) was a Mexican radio, television, theatre and movie actor. He had a career seven decades long (motion pictures from 1943 to 2006) and many notable roles. During the mid-1970s, Montalbán was the spokesman in TV automobile advertisements for the Chrysler Cordoba, in which he praised the "soft Corinthian leather" used for its interior. He also advertised the Chrysler New Yorker. From 1977 to 1984, he was famous as Mr. Roarke the main star in the television series "Fantasy Island". He played Khan Noonien Singh in the 1967 episode "Space Seed" of the first season of the , and the 1982 film "". He won an Emmy Award in 1978 for his role in the miniseries "How the West Was Won" and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 1993. Into his 80s, he continued to perform, often providing voices for animated films and commercials, and appearing in several "Spy Kids" films as "Grandfather Valentin". Montalbán was born in Mexico City, Mexico on November 25, 1920. He grew up in the city of Torreón, the son of Spanish immigrants Ricarda Merino and Jenaro Montalbán, a store manager. He was married to Georgiana Belzer from 1944 until her death in 2007. They had four children. Montalbán died from heart failure in his Los Angeles, California home on January 14, 2009, aged 88.
is the large telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan at the Mauna Kea Observatory on the island of Hawaii. From 1999 to 2005, its main mirror was the largest in the world. The telescope is named after the Pleiades star cluster.  History. In September 1999, former-Princess Sayako of Japan dedicated the telescope. For the dedication, an eyepiece was constructed so that Princess Sayako could look through it directly.
Kepler-22b is an extrasolar planet orbiting (going around) G-type star Kepler-22. It is located about 600 light years away from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was found by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope. It is also the first known planet to orbit within the habitable zone of a Sun-like star. Kepler-22b's first transit in front of its host sun was observed on Kepler's third day of scientific operations in mid-2009. Kepler-22b's third transit was detected in late 2010. The Spitzer Space Telescope provided more data that confirmed Kepler-22b's transits. On December 5, 2011, the confirmation of the existence of Kepler-22b was announced.  Composition and structure. Kepler-22b's radius is roughly 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Its mass and surface composition remain unknown, with only some very rough estimates established: It has less than 124 Earth masses at the 3 sigma confidence limit, and less than 36 Earth masses at 1 sigma confidence. It is thought that the object has a mass similar to that of Neptune (~35 Earth masses). Another possibility is that Kepler-22b is an "ocean-like" world. It might also be comparable to the water-rich planet GJ 1214 b although Kepler-22b, unlike GJ 1214 b, is in the habitable zone. If it has an Earth-like composition, the compression of material in the interior of the planet would give an overall mass greater than 40 Earth masses. Such a planet would also produce surface gravity greater than 7 times that on Earth. This is ruled out to at least 1-sigma uncertainty by radial velocity measurements of the system, suggesting Kepler-22b does not have Earth-like composition. It is likely to have a more volatile-rich composition with a liquid or gaseous outer shell; this would make it similar to Kepler-11f, the smallest known gas planet. "If it is mostly ocean with a small rocky core," Natalie Batalha, one of the scientists on the project, speculated "it's not beyond the realm of possibility that
Cynthia Ellen Nixon (born April 9, 1966) is an American actress, activist and politician. She is most well known role comes from playing Miranda Hobbes in the HBO series "Sex and the City" (1998-2004). She has had other movie and TV starring acts as well. In 2016, she played Nancy Reagan in the television movie "Killing Reagan".  On March 19, 2018, she announced via Twitter that she was running for Governor of New York.
The Vostok rocket was developed by the Soviet Union to as their main launch vehicle for space flights. It was based on the R-7, an ICBM designed by Sergei Korolev and first launched in 1957. An R-7 rocket was used to carry Sputnik 1 into space on October 4, 1957. It was a single rocket with 4 booster engines attached to the sides, which acted like a multi stage rocket. The Vostok was an R-7 with an extra upper stage rocket, called Blok-E. This upper stage would fire as the lower stages ran out of fuel (a mix of kerosene and liquid oxygen.  The Vostok was the first rocket with enough power to reach a solar orbit, with Lunar 1, launched on January 2, 1959. Luna 2 was the first rocket to reach the Moon, launched September 14, 1959. Luna 3, launched October 4, 1959, was able to take photographs of the far side of the Moon. A Vostok rocket carried the Vostok 1 spacecraft, carrying Yuri Gagarin, the first person to go into space on April 12, 1961. Vostok 6 carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space on June 16, 1963.
Robin Gayle Wright (born April 8, 1966 in Dallas, Texas) is an American actress. Her roles include starring as Jenny in the Academy Award winning movie "Forrest Gump". She played in many other movies and television series. Wright was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her acting in the soap opera "Santa Barbara". Wright was married to actor Sean Penn from 1998 until 2010. They have 2 children.
Australian Aborigines were some of the first people in the world to develop ideas with astronomy. It is possible that their interpretation of astronomy is the oldest still alive today. Studying astronomical subjects – such as the Sun, Moon, stars and planets – and the way they appeared to move was used as a way to find and explain the relationship between people, nature and the sky. The ideas that came from this contributed to their basic perception of the universe (their cosmology), and still form an important part of traditional culture and knowledge. Many legends, art forms, music and ceremonies originate from interpretations of astronomical phenomena and objects in the sky. Many Aboriginal groups give spiritual or mythological meanings to these things. Some groups used their knowledge of the movement of objects across the sky to develop practical tools like calendars. Old Australian Aboriginal culture is an oral tradition, so knowledge of astronomy has been passed down through stories, song and dance. A lot of knowledge is kept secret, only passed to those who have been initiated. As in all aspects of Aboriginal society, some things are only known to men, other things are only known to women. The earliest written account of Aboriginal astronomy was published in 1857. It was written by Edward Stanbridge, an Englishman who became friends with the Boorong people of Victoria.  Astronomy is a huge part of Aboriginal people's social, cultural and religious knowledge. It has little relation to the scientific theory of Western thinking. There are many different Aboriginal groups in Australia, and each interpret the sky in different ways. The interpretations all developed along the same lines and share the same basic themes, but can be very different in meaning. Most objects and phenomena are interpreted as figures or events in the Dreaming. Unlike in other ancient cultures, these legends and beliefs are still part of modern life for Australian Aborigines. Sun and moon. In most Aboriginal cultures, the Sun is regarded as a woman, and the Moon is a man. Tradition in Arnhem Land says that each morning, the Sun wakes up and lights a fire at her camp in the east. She then gets up and carries a torch across the sky from east to west, creating daylight. The Yolngu call her Walu
Elizabeth McGovern (born July 18, 1961) is an American movie, television and stage actress. Her movies include "Johnny Handsome" (1989) and "Once Upon a Time in America" (1984). Most of her acting has been on stage or in television. Ms. McGovern was also a member of the "Brat Pack", and unofficial group of young Hollywood actors who gained fame mainly in the 1980s.
The flag of Belize comes from the earlier flag of British Honduras. British Honduras is the name of Belize during the time the British ruled.  The flag is royal blue. It has a white disc at the centre with the national coat of arms held by a white and a black man. They are surrounded by fifty mahogany leaves. The flag is bordered at top and bottom by two red stripes. The colours on the flag are for the country's national parties. The People's United Party (PUP) uses the color blue. The United Democratic Party (Belize) (UDP) uses red.
The Coat of Arms of Belize began to be used when Belize became independent. The current coat of arms is only slightly different from that used when Belize was a British colony. The border is a circle of twenty-five leaves. Inside the circle is a mahogany tree. There are the tools of a woodcutter and a ship. These show the importance of mahogany in the 18th and 19th century Belizean economy.  The shield is supported by two wood-cutters of different races. The one on the left is holding an axe. The one on the right is holding an oar. Again this shows the importance of the mahogany and its importance to boat building.  At the bottom is the national motto: . This means "Under the Shade I Flourish". The Flag of Belize has the coat of arms in its centre.
"This article is about the river in Belize and Mexico; for other uses, see Rio Hondo" The Rio Hondo is a river of Central America. It is about 150 km (93.2 mi) in length. It flows in a northeasterly direction and ends in the Chetumal Bay on the Caribbean Sea. Most of border of Mexico and Belize runs along its length. Many archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization are near the river's course. The river is mentioned in a stanza of Belize's national anthem, "Land of the Free":
Mopan are one of the Maya peoples in Belize and Guatemala. Their language is also called Mopan. It is one of the Yucatec Maya languages.  The British forced the Mopan out of British Honduras and into Guatemala. The Mopan in Guatemala were made into slaves. In the 19th century, many Guatemalan Mopan came back into British Honduras. In the 2000 Census, 6,093 Belizeans said Mopan was their first language. This was 3% the population.
Q'eqchi' (K'ekchi', or simply Kekchi) are one of the Maya peoples in Guatemala and Belize. Their language is also called Q'eqchi'. Before the Spanish came in the 1520s, Q'eqchi' were mostly in what are now the departments of Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz in Guatemala. With the activity the Q'eqchi' moved into other regions of Guatemala, southern Belize, and smaller numbers in El Salvador, Honduras and southern Mexico.
Ambergris Caye is the largest island of Belize. It is in the northeast of the country in the Caribbean Sea. It is administered as part of the Belize District. The closest point on the mainland is part of the Corozal District. Caye is pronounced as "key". It means an island.  The Caye is about long from north to south, and about wide. It was named after large lumps of ambergris which washed ashore here. The Belizean island is mostly a ring of white sand beach around mangrove swamp in the centre. A Maya community lived on the island in Pre-Columbian times. They made polished red ceramics.  San Pedro Town is the largest settlement and only town on Ambergris. There are a number of small villages and resorts.  The main attractions are the Belize Barrier Reef and its beaches. The barrier reef is the second-largest in the world. Only the Great Barrier Reef of Australia is bigger.
Izabal is one of the 22 departments of Guatemala. Its coastal areas are part of the homeland of the Garifuna people. Geography. Izabal is bordered to the north by Belize, to the north east by the Gulf of Honduras, and to the east by Honduras. It is bordered by the Guatemalan departments of Petén to the north west, Alta Verapaz to the west, and Zacapa to the south. The department of Izabal surrounds Lago Izabal. It is Guatemala's largest lake at about 48 km long and 24 km wide, with an area of about 590 km². The Spanish Colonial fort of San Felipe overlooks the point where the lake flows into the Río Dulce. The small town of Izabal is on the south shore of the lake. Before the ports of Livingston and Puerto Barrios were built in the 19th century this was Guatemala's main Caribbean Sea port. It was the original seat of Izabal department. Now Izabal town is a remote village that gets little traffic. From the area around Lake Izabal, the Department of Izabal stretches along the Río Dulce to the coast of the Caribbean Sea. The department of Izabal includes the ports of Puerto Barrios (the departmental seat), Santo Tomás de Castilla, Livingston and Guatemala's free trade zone Zolic. Izabal also includes the Pre-Columbian Maya ruins of Quirigua.
SpongeBob SquarePants is an animated children's television series broadcast on the cable network Nickelodeon. The show has started showing on July 17, 1999. Series overview. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
Sarstoon River is a river in the Toledo District of Belize. It makes the country's southern border with Guatemala. The river's sources are in Guatemala. There it is called by its Spanish name, Río Sarstún. It flows through the Guatemalan departments of Alta Verapaz and Izabal. Then it goes into Belize and through Toledo to the Caribbean Sea.
Michael Kelland John Hutchence (22 January 1960 – 22 November 1997) was an Australian recording artist and actor. He was best known as being one of the founding members and lead singer of the rock band INXS.  Hutchence was also the lead singer for the band Max Q and acted in the movies "Frankenstein Unbound" and "Dogs in Space".  In 1992, Hutchence was punched by a taxi driver in Copenhagen, knocking him to the ground. This caused Hutchence brain damage and depression.  In July 1996, Paula Yates gave birth to their daughter. Hutchence was found dead by a hotel maid in his hotel room at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Double Bay, Sydney on 22 November 1997. He committed suicide by hanging himself with his snake skin belt. Hutchence had been a drug user and was using drugs just before his death.
The Waltons (September 14, 1972-June 4, 1981) was an American television series. It was about a family in rural Virginia between 1933 and 1946, during the Great Depression and the Second World War. The series was distributed by Lorimar and syndicated via Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution. Six television movies followed this: three in 1982, and another three in the 1990s. The series lasted almost nine years.  Although the story takes place in Virginia, the entire series was filmed in Los Angeles in the Warner Bros. Studios. The house (outside and inside) was build in the studio, just for the series.  The mountain in the background (which has the Hollywood Sign that was hidden, and which was shown as heavily forested and green with special effects) stood in for the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia.
John Playfair FRSE, FRS (10 March 1748 – 20 July 1819) was a Scottish scientist and mathematician, and a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.  He is perhaps best known for his book "Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth" (1802), which summarised the work of James Hutton. It was through this book that Hutton's principle of uniformitarianism first reached a wide audience. The idea was later taken up by Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin. Playfair is also remembered for his proposal of an alternative to Euclid's parallel postulate.
Ryan Timothy Tannehill is an American quarterback who plays for the National Football League (NFL)'s Tennessee Titans. Tannehill used to play for the Miami Dolphins from 2012 to 2018. College. Tannehill played for Texas A&amp;M during his college career, after graduating from Texas' Big Spring High School. NFL. 2012. During the 2012 NFL Draft, Tannehill was picked 8th by the Miami Dolphins. He was the first quarterback picked by the Dolphins in the first round of any NFL Draft since Dan Marino. On July 28, 2012, Tannehill signed his rookie contract, a 4-year deal worth $12.688 million. Tannehill started his first pro career game. He played poorly, throwing 0 touchdowns and 3 interceptions against the Houston Texans. Even though he had a poor first game, Tannehill showed signs of growth throughout his rookie season. Despite playing better as the season progressed, his play was still thought to be overall mediocre, as it was overshadowed by the play of other rookie quarterbacks, such as Andrew Luck, Robert Griffin III, and Russell Wilson.
Orivesi is a town and municipality in Finland. It is in Pirkanmaa. The municipality was founded in 1865. It has been classed as a town since 1986. Nearby municipalities include Juupajoki, Jämsä, Kangasala, Kuhmoinen, Ruovesi and Tampere. There were more than 9,600 people in Orivesi (as of January, 2014). The name "Orivesi" means "stallion water".
Messier 100 (also known as NGC 4321) is an example of a so-called 'grand design' spiral galaxy. It is visible in the southern part of constellation Coma Berenices. Messier 100 is one of the brightest and largest galaxies in the Virgo cluster, about 55 million light-years away, with a diameter of 160,000 light years. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. Later it was entered in Messier’s catalogue of nebulae and star clusters after Charles Messier made observations of his own a month later. The galaxy was one of the first spirals discovered, and was listed as one of 14 spiral nebulae by the Earl of Rosse in 1850. The galaxy has two satellite galaxies, NGC 4323 connected with M100 by a bridge of luminous matter and NGC 4328. Star formation. Messier 100 is considered a starburst galaxy with a radius of 1 kilo-parsec, where star formation has been taking place for least 500 million years in separate bursts. Star formation is concentrated in a ring actually two tightly wound spiral arms attached to a small nuclear bar. As usual on spiral galaxies of the Virgo Cluster, in the rest of the disk both star formation and neutral hydrogen are reduced in the galaxy's disk, something caused by interactions in the Virgo cluster. Related pages. Other Grand design spiral galaxies