ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Turkish new lira () is the currency of Turkey and the unrecognised Turkish Northern Republic of Cyprus. The new lira is subdivided into 100 new kurush (yeni kuruş), the equivalent of American Cents or British Pennies. The symbol for the currency is YTL. In the last few years the Turkish lira stabilised and even rose against the U.S. Dollars and the Euro. In late December 2003, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that allowed for the removal of six zeroes from the currency, and the creation of the new lira. It was introduced on 1 January 2005, replacing the previous lira (which remained valid in circulation until the end of 2005) at a rate of 1 new lira = 1,000,000 old lira. The official name of the currency is "New Turkish Lira". According to the Central Bank, the word "new" (yeni) is only a "temporary" measure. The "new" was be removed on January 1, 2009. The banknotes have "different shapes and sizes to prevent forgery".
Oedipus is a mythical or fictional king in Greek mythology. He is adopted as a baby. Without knowing who they are, he marries his biological mother, Then they have a baby, But before this, he kills his biological father. The psychologist Sigmund Freud had a theory and he called it the Oedipus complex, after this story. "Oedipus Tyranos", or Oedipus the King, is a well-known tragedy by Sophocles. Oedipus has 4 children, Antigone, Polynices, Ismene and Eteocles. All of these are by his mother Jocasta. Later, they find out they are related to each other. Jocasta hangs herself and Oedipus rips out his eyes in disgust.
Gundam is the collective name for all the different Japanese anime series about giant fighting robots called "Mobile Suits". There are many series, movies, comic books and video games based on the Gundam franchise. Gundam started what is called the Real Robot genre of anime, where the robots are more like machines than in Super Robot anime they are usually massive and the Gundam pilots do destroy multiple buildings but the government pays for the damages and the gundam are very high tech compared to different robot anime.
Self-injury (SI) or self-harm (SH) occurs when a person hurts their body on purpose. This kind of harm is not suicidal behavior. Overview. Individuals engage in self-harm due to the false perception that it is the only way to stay alive. However, in some cases the self-harm becomes so bad it can lead to death. Those who self-harm are more likely to commit suicide than those who do not. Causes. There are many different reasons why a person may hurt themselves, though it is often hard to find an exact cause. Sometimes, the self-harm helps relieve unbearable emotions, feelings of unreality or numbness. Self-harm is often a symptom of other problems. These problems include but not limited to physical abuse, sexual abuse or eating disorders. Self-harm may stem from mental problems such as low self esteem or perfectionism as well. Studying the causes of self-injury can be difficult or inaccurate, because many self-harmers try to hide their injuries. Types. Self-injury is a general term that includes many different types of deliberate harm to the body. There are many things that can be considered self-harm. If someone works their body too hard, for instance, this can be seen as a mild form of self-injury. In other mild cases, a self-harmer may purposely pick off scabs to keep cuts or scratches from healing. Voluntary. A person may go through voluntary pain for other reasons that are usually not considered self-injury. A self-inflicted wound is when someone injures themselves to avoid something, not because of psychological problems. Some people give themselves a self-inflicted wound during wartime so that they do not have to serve in the military. Some people go through pain to change the way they look, such as in ear piercing. This is called body modification. Body modification is not a form of self-injury. Scarification is a type of body modification where someone cuts or burns their skin for decoration. This can include branding, which is common in some fraternities. It can also include cutting the skin repeatedly in a pattern or design. This will create very large scars. Some African tribes use scarification as
The Socratic Method (or Method of Elenchus or Socratic Debate), is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates. It is a form of philosophical questioning. The central technique of the Socratic method is called an elenchus. It means argument to disprove or refute (prove wrong). Socrates in Plato's dialogues. Our knowledge of Socrates comes mainly from Plato, who was one of his students. No writing by Socrates survives.  Socrates was famous for not answering questions in a direct manner. "I know that I know nothing", he said. Socrates's opinion (at least in Plato's dialogues) was that the other person already knew the answer to a question and that Socrates only drew out what was already in the other's mind.  In Plato's early dialogues, the "elenchus" is the technique Socrates uses to learn about ethical concepts, such as justice or virtue. According to one scholar, it has the following steps: The exact nature of the elenchus is subject to a great deal of debate. In particular, whether it is a positive method leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge. According to W.K.C. Guthrie, the Socratic method was intended to demonstrate one's ignorance. Socrates, unlike the Sophists, did believe that knowledge was possible, but believed that the first step to knowledge was recognition of one's ignorance. Guthrie writes, "[Socrates] was accustomed to say that he did not himself know anything, and that the only way in which he was wiser than other men was that he was conscious of his own ignorance, while they were not. The essence of the Socratic method is to convince the interlocutor that whereas he thought he knew something, in fact he does not".
William "Bill" Maher, Jr., (; born January 20 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, political commentator, actor, and author. He hosted the late-night television talk show "Politically Incorrect" on Comedy Central and ABC, and is currently the host of "Real Time with Bill Maher" on HBO. The show has been nominated for more than ten Emmy Awards. On June 1, 2006, he also began hosting an Internet-exclusive talk show on Amazon.com entitled "Amazon Fishbowl". In 2013 Maher became the producer of a HBO TV series called "Vice". Views of Bill Maher. Mahrer is a supporter of the pro-animal welfare group, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. He has said that marijuana should be legal. He feels that more problems are caused by it being illegal than would be caused if it were legal. Maher has disagreed with many religious beliefs. He says that they can create problems for society. He was the host of the documentary, "Religulous" that dealt with religion and how it affects society in the United States. Maher is also the creator of the website Disbeliefnet. He has said that morality and religion are not the same thing and that religion is used as a reason to oppose gay rights.
Friedrich Hund (4 February 1896 31 March 1997) was a German physicist from Karlsruhe known for his work on atoms and molecules. He worked at the Universities of Rostock, Leipzig, Jena, Frankfurt am Main, Göttingen and was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. He had published more than 250 papers and essays and made contributions to quantum theory about the structure of the atom and the structure of molecular spectra. The Hund's rule was named after him and in 1926 he discovered the later so-called tunneling effect. His life. Hund worked with well known physicists as Schrödinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Max Born, and Walter Bothe. At that time, he was Born's assistant, working with quantum mechanics. After his studies of mathematics, physics, and geography in Marburg and Göttingen, he worked as a private lecturer in theoretical physics at Göttingen in 1925, professor at Rostock in 1927, Leipzig in 1929, Jena in 1946, Frankfurt/Main in 1951 and from 1957 again in Göttingen. Additionally he stayed in Copenhagen (1926) with Niels Bohr and lectured on the atom at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1928. On the occasion of his 100th birthday, the book: Friedrich Hund: Geschichte der physikalischen Begriffe [history of physics terms] (Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford), Spektrum, Akademie Verlag 1996, was published. A review was also written by Werner Kutzelnigg. Friedrich Hund became an honorary citizen of Jena, and a street in Jena was named after him. Since June 2004, a part of the new building of the Physics Department was given the Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 address. The same name was chosen for the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen. Hunds cases. The Hund's cases, which are particular regimes in molecular angular momentum coupling, and the Hund's rules, which govern electron configurations, are important in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. In chemistry, the first of Hund's rules is especially important and is often referred to as simply Hund's rule.
Puppets are objects used in theatrical performances. They are similar to dolls. They often use strings or other means to make the puppet move and look alive. Some puppets are very simple, but others are more complicated and need skill to use. The person who works the puppet and makes it move is called a puppeteer. The audience cannot usually see this person but some, like a ventriloquist and dummy, are in full view of the audience. There are many different types of puppets to be found around the world. Puppetry is a special art form that is very important in some cultures. Types of puppets. Finger Puppet: A very simple type of puppet where the puppet is placed on a finger and worked by moving the finger.  Sock puppet: A sock or similar garment worn as a glove, with the thumb acting as a jaw.  Hand Puppet: Similar to a finger puppet, but larger. The puppeteer uses his or her fingers and hand to work the puppet. Punch and Judy are famous glove puppets. Pop-up puppets: A cone with a rod through and a puppet inside. When the rod is pushed up, the puppet appears. Paddle Puppet: The puppet is on the end of a paddle. When the puppeteer steps on the paddles back end the other end lifts up, making it seem that the puppet moves by itself. Jumping Jack: A puppet where the arms and legs of the puppet are joined to a string. When the string is pulled down, the arms and legs go up. Rod Puppet and Bunraku: The puppet is worked with rods joined to the puppets arms and legs, while another puppeteer moves the head and sometimes the mouth. Bunraku is a special type of Japanese rod puppetry. Shadow Puppet: Another very simple puppet. A cut out figure on a rod is held in front of a light. Its shadow is projected onto a screen. The puppeteer moves the puppet around, giving it some life. Sometimes coloured paper is used to give a certain amount of colour to the puppet. Marionette or String Puppet: This puppet is moved around with strings that hang from above the theatre. This is one of the more complex
Paranthropus is an extinct genus of robust australopithecines. They probably descended from the genus "Australopithecus". Description. All species of "Paranthropus" were bipedal, and many lived during a time when species of the genus "Homo", such as "Homo ergaster" and "Homo erectus", were living. "Paranthropus" first appeared roughly 2.7 million years ago. Most species of "Paranthropus" had a brain about 40 percent of the size of modern man. There was some size variation between the different species of "Paranthropus", but most stood roughly 1.3-1.4 m (4.26 to 4.59 feet) tall and were quite well muscled. "Paranthropus" is thought to have lived in wooded areas rather than the grasslands of the "Australopithecus". "Australopithecus" and "Paranthropus" also looked very different from each other. These differences were only found in remains of the skull. The other parts of the skeleton were still very similar, so it is reasonable to think the difference was an adaptation to different food. "Paranthropus" was more massively built as to skull and teeth. It often had gorilla-like sagittal crests on the cranium which anchored massive temporalis muscles for chewing. Behaviour. "Paranthropus" did not behave in the same way as "Homo". They lived on a diet of heavy-duty plant material: leaves, slim branches, grass, roots. The diet might be supplemented with insect grubs. Lacking our flexible behaviour, "Paranthropus" relied on the steady environmental conditions of the tropical forest. Members of the genus "Homo", such as "Homo habilis", had proportionately larger brains and more flexible behaviour. They were able to eat a much wider variety of foods. Disputed taxonomy. Opinions differ whether the species "P. aethiopicus, P. boisei" and "P. robustus" should be included within the genus "A
Lake Toba is a lake in the caldera of a supervolcano. The lake is long and wide, and at its deepest point. It is in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with an elevation of about . The lake stretches from to . It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. In the middle of the lake there is an Island called Samosir, in Bahasa Indonesia "Pulau Samosir."
Fatima Jinnah Park, sometimes known as F-9 park (pointing out the fact that the covered area is spread out through the entire sector), is a public recreational park in sector F-9 of Islamabad, Pakistan. The park is one of the largest in area in South-central Asia. It was named after the revered "Madre Millat" (Mother of the Nation) Miss Fatima Jinnah- younger sister of the founder of Pakistan.
The Hazratbal Shrine (Kashmiri: حضرت بل, literally: Majestic Place), is a Muslim shrine in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmir.The name of the shrine comes from the Arabic word Hazrat, meaning holy or majestic, and the Kashmiri word bal, meaning place. The shrine is on the left bank of the Dal Lake, Srinagar and is considered to be Kashmir's holiest Muslim shrine. The Moi-e-Muqqadas (the sacred hair) of Mohammed is believed to be preserved here. The shrine is known by many names including Hazratbal, Assar-e-Sharief, Madinat-us-Sani, or simply Dargah Sharif.
Dachigam National Park is a national park in India. It is from Srinagar, the capital city of Jammu and Kashmir. The park covers an area of . The name of the park means "ten villages". History. The park has been a protected area since 1910. It was first created to ensure a supply of clean drinking water for the city of Srinagar. It was declared a National Park in 1981.
Hemis National Park (or Hemis High Altitude National Park) is a high altitude National Park in the Eastern Ladakh area of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is the only national park in India north of the Himalayas. The park is home to about 200 snow leopards. Hemis is the only refuge in India with the Shapu. The Tibetan Wolf,the Eurasian Brown Bear, and the Red Fox are also in Hemis.
Dual-tone multi-frequency or DTMF is the group of special sounds a telephone makes when you push the buttons. Each number button makes a different sound. Telephone company equipment hears each sound and turns it back into a number. When all the numbers in a phone number are pushed the telephone company equipment will make the other person's telephone play a loud sound so they can answer their telephone and talk to you.  Telephones also have a star (*) button and a pound (#) button. These buttons also make different DTMF sounds. These buttons can be used for other things like 'go' or 'do over'. But they are not part of the phone number. A few telephones have the letter buttons "A" "B" "C" and "D". They also make different DTMF sounds.  Pushing the number buttons is called "dialing" the telephone. When a telephone makes a loud sound for you to answer, it is called "ringing".
Equilibrioception is the sense of balance. This is what prevents a person or animal from falling over while walking or doing other physical activity. In humans. In humans, equilibrioception is mainly sensed by the detection of acceleration, which occurs in the vestibular system. Other senses play roles as well, e.g. the visual system and proprioception. The importance of visual input for balance is illustrated by its being harder to stand on one foot with eyes closed than with eyes open. The sense of balance often gets worse as a person ages. After a stroke, it may be improved with the help of special training.
Violence is often common in the sport of Ice Hockey. Originally a sport played by richer people, when the sport became popular it got more violent. Up until the 1950s deaths were not uncommon in ice hockey.
Gerard Kitchen “Gerry” O’Neill (February 6, 1927–April 27, 1992) was an American scientist. He taught physics at Princeton University. He invented a machine for holding subatomic particles. He also invented the mass driver, a machine used to launch things into outer space. He wrote about building cities in space. His space station design is known as the "O’Neill cylinder". He started the Space Studies Institute (SSI). SSI is a group focused on learning about space manufacturing and colonization. In 1954 O'Neill finished school at Cornell University. Then he began his work on particle physics at Princeton. Two years later he wrote about a device to hold very fast moving subatomic particles. In 1965 he used his device to shoot two beams of particles at each other for the first time. This experiment was done at Stanford University. Scientists used the experiment to discover the size of the electron. While he was teaching, O’Neill became excited about humans living in outer space. He wrote about the O’Neill cylinder in “The Colonization of Space”. This was his first paper about people living in space. He met with other scientists at Princeton in 1975. There he talked with them about manufacturing in outer space. O’Neill built his first mass driver with help from scientist Henry Kolm in 1976. Mass drivers were part of his plan to mine the Moon and asteroids. His book "" won an award and got people excited about outer space. He died in 1992 after a seven year fight against leukemia.
The Rosary is a Catholic form of prayer using beads. It is a cycle of repeated formal prayers, such as the Lord's Prayer and the Hail Mary, done while thinking about important events in the lives of Jesus and Mary. This is called "saying the Rosary" or "praying the Rosary." A rosary can also be the series of joined beads that a person holds while saying these prayers. The Church has always recognized the efficacy of this devotion John Paul II said “Through the Rosary the faithful receive abundant grace, as by the hands of the Mother of the Redeemer.  Prayer is for every person to obtain graces and consolations for oneself or for others, for the diffusion of good actions in the world, for the solution of international conflicts, for conversion and spiritual growth. Prayer, in the room of your home or into the church, at any time of the day, is a moment of peace and serenity that distracts from the worries of the day and it is a moment of communication with Divine Mercy through the most beautiful prayers. The graces result from the experience not only of saints and religious but also of ordinary people who have left public witness of the graces received requested to the Virgin Mary. A person who says a Rosary usually thinks about certain events from the Bible. Each day has a traditional list of these events, called "Mysteries of the Rosary." Praying the Rosary on certain times or under certain conditions can get the person praying an indulgence: a set amount of time off purgatory by setting aside time for sins performed on Earth.
Kazakh is a Turkic language that is mostly spoken in Kazakhstan, a country in Central Asia. It, along with Russian, is one of Kazakhstan's official languages. History. The Kazakh language had been written in the Cyrillic alphabet since the Russian Empire started to occupy that country in the 19th century. In 1917, people began to use the Arabic alphabet, but the Russians were not able to make them use Cyrillic. The Kazakhs used the Arabic script to write their language until approximately 1929. In the early 1900s, Kazakh activist Ahmed Baytursinuli reformed the Kazakh-Arabic alphabet, but his work was largely overshadowed by the Soviet presence in Central Asia. At that point, the new Soviet regime forced the Kazakhs to use a Latin script, and then a Cyrillic script in the 1940s in an effort to thoroughly Russify them. Today, Kazakhs use the Arabic, Latin, and Cyrillic scripts to write their language. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the newly-independent Republic of Kazakhstan allowed the old Latin alphabet to be used, but continued to use Cyrillic as the main alphabet. In 2006, president Nursultan Nazarbayev started a project to introduce a standard form of the Latin alphabet as the official script of his country. A version of the new Latin alphabet, which used apostrophes for certain sounds, was created in April 2017, but was replaced with another one in February 2018 which instead uses diacritics on certain letters. The latest version, proposed in 2021, has been in official use and will be taught in elementary schools starting 2023. If all goes as planned, the Cyrillic alphabet will be fully replaced with Latin by 2025. Kazakh letters. The last proposed Kazakh Latin alphabet was shown in 2019:
Gilgamesh was the semi-mythical fifth king of Uruk, an ancient city-state of Sumer. His supposed historical reign is believed to have been 27th to 25th centuries BC, around 2 to 4 centuries before he appears as a protagonist in the Sumerian epic named "Epic of Gilgamesh". Gilgamesh's father was named Lugalbanda, who was said to be the third king of Uruk. Pop culture. Gilgamesh appears as the protagonist (main character) in the Sumerian epic named "Epic of Gilgamesh".
Spring green is a color that is the color on the color wheel that is precisely halfway between cyan and green. It is one of the official web colors. The first recorded use of "spring green" as a color name in English was in 1766, referring to roughly the color we now call "spring bud".
Dunfermline Athletic Football Club are a Scottish football team based in Dunfermline, Fife, commonly known as just Dunfermline. They play at East End Park and are nicknamed "The Pars". They are currently managed by Allan Johnston who was given the job on a permanent basis in May 2015.
Greenock Morton Football Club are a football team, who currently play in the cinch sponsored Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest senior Scottish clubs. Greenock Morton are popularly known as "The Pride of the Clyde" - a tradition which pre-dates the club's renaming in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock. The club has a traditional local rivalry with St Mirren F.C.
Livingston Football Club is a Scottish football team based in Livingston, West Lothian. They currently play in the Scottish Premiership. Current squad. "As of August 26, 2008"
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club founded in 1919. It is in Dumfries in southwest Scotland. They currently play in the Scottish First Division. Officially nicknamed "The Doonhamers", but usually referred to as "Queens" and sometimes as "QoS" (as also listed on the club badge), they have played their entire existence based at Palmerston Park on Terregles Street.  The club has won national honours, namely the 1950-51 B Division, the 2001-02 Scottish Second Division and the 2002-03 Scottish Challenge Cup. While Queens topped Scotland's top division until Christmas in season 1953-54 their highest-ever finish in the Scottish top flight was fourth in 1933-34. Their longest cup run was in the 2007-08 Scottish Cup, in which they reached the final and finished runners up. The club is currently managed by Gordon Chisholm.