ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. Building on work by others, the Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar worked on the calculation. He published series of papers between 1931 and 1935. The Chandrasekhar limit is about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun. The Chandrasekhar limit is the mass above which electron degeneracy pressure in the star's core is not enough to balance the star's own gravitational self-attraction. Then, white dwarfs with masses over the limit would gravitationally collapse into a neutron star or black hole. However, white dwarfs usually explode before they undergo collapse. Those with masses under the limit remain stable as white dwarfs.
Marianne Gaba (November 13, 1939 – May 3, 2016) was an American model, actress and beauty queen. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She was Miss Illinois USA 1957 and "Playboy" magazine's Playmate of the Month for its September 1959 issue. She was known for her roles as Liz in "The Choppers" (1961), as Animal in "How to Stuff a Wild Bikini" (1965) and as Robot in "Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine" (1965). Gaba died on May 3, 2016 from brain cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 76.
Vianden () is a commune with city status in north-eastern Luxembourg, capital of the canton Vianden. History. The name of the town of Vianden is derived from the Gallic word vien which means "rocky". Already in the year 1256, Vianden is cited as a city, but it is only since 1308 that legally holds the title of city. Geography. The "commune" is in the Oesling, a region within the greater Ardennes area. Vianden is in the valley of the river Our, a tributary of the Sauer river, near the border between Luxembourg and Germany. It has an area of . The altitude is high. At the church, the altitude is high. Vianden is surrounded by two "communes" of Luxembourg: Tandel to the south and west; and Putscheid to the northwest. To the north, west and southwest, Vianden borders with four municipalities of the Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm district of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinateː Waldhof-Falkenstein and Bauler to the north, Körperich to the east and Roth an der Our to the southeast. Population. There were 2,008 persons living in the "commune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km². Evolution of the population in Vianden Places of interest. Some historic buildings in the "commune" areː Twin towns. Vianden is twinned withː
Roger Enrico (November 11, 1944 – June 1, 2016) was an American businessman. He was born in Chisholm, Minnesota. He was known for being the Chairman of PepsiCo from 1996 to 2001 and Chairman of DreamWorks Animation SKG Inc from 2004 to 2012. He served on the Board of Directors of the National Geographic Society, the Environmental Defense Fund, the Solar Electric Light Fund, and the American Film Institute. Enrico died of a heart attack while snorkeling at his private Cayman Islands home on June 1, 2016, aged 71.
Cornelia Maria "Corry" Brokken (3 December 1932 – 2 June 2016) was a Dutch singer, TV presenter and lawyer. She is known for her songs "Snip en Snap", "Voorgoed voorbij" and "Heel de wereld".  After her singing career she studied law at Utrecht University in the 1970s. Afterwards she was a lawyer and later on a judge.  Brokken died on 2 June 2016 in Laren, Netherlands at the age of 83. Eurovision Song Contest. Brokken was involved in the Eurovision Song Contest on four occassions.
Yevhen Lemeshko (; 11 December 1929 – 2 June 2016) was a Ukrainian football coach. He was born in Mykolaiv. He was chairman of the Council of Veteran Footballers. He started his football career as a player for FC Dynamo Kyiv, but due to an injury he stopped playing and became a coach. In 1956 Lemeshko played two games for Ukraine at the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR. In 1980 he became a Merited Coach of Ukraine. Lemeshko died on 2 June 2016 in Kyiv, Ukraine from a stroke, aged 86.
Boyce Ficklen Martin, Jr. (October 23, 1935 – June 1, 2016) was an American judge. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He was appointed by Jimmy Carter in 1979. Martin served as Chief Judge of the circuit from 1996 to 2003. He wrote more than 1100 opinions during his 34-year career. Martin, Jr. died at his home in Louisville, Kentucky from brain cancer on June 1, 2016, aged 80.
Andrzej Niemczyk (16 January 1944 – 2 June 2016) was a Polish volleyball player and coach. He was the coach of the Poland women's national volleyball team that competed at the 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship. He was born in Łódź. Niemczyk died in Warsaw, Poland from cancer on 2 June 2016, aged 72.
Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman "Tom" Kibble (23 December 1932 – 2 June 2016), was a British theoretical physicist, senior research investigator at The Blackett Laboratory, at Imperial College London, UK and Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College. He was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to physics. His research interests were in quantum field theory (the quantum theory of elementary particles) and in the connections between high-energy particle physics and cosmology (the study of the physical universe). He is best known as one of the first to describe the Higgs mechanism (explaining how some but not all elementary particles have mass), and for his research on topological defects (roughly - points, lines or surfaces in space where there is a jump). From the 1950s he was concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 took leading roles in promoting the social responsibility of the scientist. Early life and education. Kibble was born in Madras, India, and was the grandson of William Bannerman, an officer in the Indian Medical Service, and the author Helen Bannerman. He was educated at Doveton Corrie School in Madras and then in Edinburgh, Scotland, at Melville College and at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a BSc in 1955, MA in 1956 and a PhD in 1958. Kibble was married to Anne Allan from 1957 until her death in 2005. They had three children. Career. Kibble worked on symmetry breaking (simple example - a ball at the top of a hill might roll down in any direction), phase transitions (simple example - water turning to ice as it freezes) and topological defects (roughly - points, lines or surfaces in space where there is a jump). He is most noted for his co-discovery of the Higgs mechanism (explaining how some but not all elementary particles have mass) and prediction of the Higgs boson (a massive particle central to the Higgs mechanism) with Gerald Guralnik and C. R. Hagen (GHK). As part of
Monstercat (also known as Monstercat Media) is a Canadian-based independent electronic dance music (EDM) record label in Vancouver, British Columbia. Monstercat was formed in July 2005 by Mike Darlington CEO, and Ari Paunonen, COO. The label signs artists on a non-exclusive single-track basis, allowing artists to freely move between other labels and brands. Monstercat follows a simple release schedule, where new music is released three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in addition to an hour-long podcast that is live streamed every Tuesday on their Twitch account, known as "Call Of The Wild". Once Monstercat has released thirty tracks consecutively, a new compilation album is created containing these tracks and two continuous mixes of the album. At several points in time, Monstercat has released a track outside of their regular release schedule for various reasons. History. In July 2005, Monstercat's current CEO - Mike Darlington - along with Ari Pauonen, Monstercat's current COO, created the Monstercat YouTube channel as a way for their friends to promote themselves and share music with each other. The two created compilation albums to provide artists with an easy method of releasing their music, as well as lessening the competitiveness between the artists. Monstercat's first compilation album, Launch Week, featured seven artists: Feint, Halo Nova (currently Varien / Koinu), Stephen Walking, Ephixa, Neilio, Arion and Going Quantum. Krewella Signs. In December 2005, Monstercat signed the very notable musical group Krewella, an American electronic dance music duo (at the time, a trio) from Chicago, Illinois. "Killin' It" was Krewella's first original song released by a label. Monstercat promoted Krewella using many social media campaigns and partnered with many EDM YouTube promotional channels for a larger platform. 2014 - 2017. During the first few months of 2014, Monstercat partnered with the electric family in aid of the Humane Society
Acquarossa is the capital of the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Acquarossa was created on 4 April 2004, when the former municipalities of Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Marolta, Ponto Valentino and Prugiasco merged to form the new municipality of Acquarossa.
Chhatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj was the greatest ruler of the Maratha Empire. After Shivaji's death in 1680,the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb killed Shivaji's son Shambhaji and captured Shamabaji's infant son Shahu. Aurangazeb's successors released Shahu who occupied the Maratha throne. The Peshwa is a (Prime minister) helped him rule his empire. Gradually, Peshwa became the real ruler of Marathas and his post became hereditary.  During Shahu's reign Satara was the Maratha capital. After his death, the capital was shifted to Pune. Under the Peshwas Marathas developed a very successful military campaign. Between 1720 and 1761 the Maratha empire expanded. After raiding Delhi on 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded into Rajasthan, Punjab, Bengaluru and Odisha. But these military campaigns also made other rulers hostile towards the Marathas and as a result they did not support Marathas in the third battle of Panipat.
Büren zum Hof was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.
Remich () is a commune with city status in south-eastern Luxembourg, capital of the canton Remich. It is called the "Pearl of the Moselle". History. Remich was a Roman settlement called "Remacum". This name changed to the present nameː Remich. On 24 February 1843, Remich was officially made a city together with Luxembourg City, Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Echternach, Wiltz and Vianden. Geography. Remich lies on the left bank of the Moselle river, which forms part of the border between Luxembourg and Germany. The "commune" is the smallest in Luxembourg in area. It has an area of . The altitude is high. Remich is surrounded by three "communes" of Luxembourg: Stadtbredimus to the north, Schengen to the south and Bous to the west. To the northeast, the "commune" borders the Palzem municipality of the Germersheim district in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate; and to the southeast Perl of the Merzig-Wadern district in the German state of Saarland. Population. There were 3,632 persons living in the "commune" in 2017, for a population density of inhabitants/km². Evolution of the population in Remich Twin towns. Remich is twinned with:
Extreme Rules (2016) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and WWE Network livestreaming show made by WWE. The event took place on May 22, 2016, at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. It was the eighth annual Extreme Rules. Eight wrestling matches took place on the event. In the most important match, Roman Reigns beat AJ Styles in a Extreme Rules match to keep his WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Former champion Seth Rollins returned from an injury after the match. The event got mixed reviews. Critics praised the matches for the Intercontinental Championship and WWE World Heavyweight Championship. However, the rest of the show was not well received.
The Copa América Centenario (English: Centennial Copa America) was a men's association football tournament that took place from 3 June to 26 June 2016. The tournament was made to celebrate 100 years of the Copa América. It was hosted in the United States for the first time. Chile won the final in penalties over Argentina (which was a repeat of the 2015 Copa América Final). The winner of the tournament will not qualify for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup because Chile already won the 2015 Copa América. Knockout stage. Quarter-finals. &lt;br&gt;
Bruno Stanisław Gruszka (6 October 1881 - 4 March 1941) was a Polish representative and politician. He worked as a councilman in Radymno. He was born in Skołoszów. He died in prison in Przemyśl. Youth. Gruszka was born in a poor family. He was the only child of Ewa Bartoszewska and Michał Gruszka. He started his education in a middle school in Jarosław. Later he went to the teacher-training college in Tarnów. He studied law at the university in Lviv and Cracow.  When he studied, he joined “The Polish People's Party” (, abbreviated to PSL). In 1937 he was arrested and sent to prison in Lviv by peasant strike. (1937)  Works. Bruno Gruszka took part in building-up PSL “Piast" (1913-1931). He was also a member of the Executive Board in Cracow and the District Executive Board in Jarosław. In 1922 he was the leader of the Senate committee and created the statute of the parliament. Activity. He was the founder of the Farmers and Craftspeople’s Bank in Radymno and Przemyśl and Włościański Bank in Jarosław.  He led The Ropework Association in Radymno.  He was the chairman of the Gymnastics Association Sokół. He was the chairman of The Agriculture Association of the Małopolska province in Lviv. Life in Radymno. There is a street named after him. He was buried in the cemetery in Radymno.
Seven-Eleven, also spelled "7-Eleven", "Seven-11" or "7-11", is an international brand of convenience stores. In 2021, there were over 78,000 stores in the world. There are 7-Eleven stores in 19 different countries. The first 7-Eleven store was in the city of Dallas. The company that owns it, Seven-Eleven Japan Co., Ltd., is located in Tokyo. Seven-Eleven Japan is held by the Seven &amp; I Holdings Co. holding company. Name. The company's first stores were named "Tote'm Stores" because customers "toted" (carried) away the things they bought. Some stores had totem poles in front of the store. In 1946, the brand's name was changed to "7-Eleven" because it was open from 7:00 am to 11:00 pm. In November 1999, the company's name was changed from "The Southland Corporation" to "7-Eleven Inc." History. In 1927, Southland Ice Company employee John Jefferson Green sold eggs, milk, and bread from one of 16 ice house storefronts in Dallas. One of Southland's founding directors, Joe C. Thompson Sr., let him do this. Even though other stores sold these things, Thompson thought that selling things such as bread and milk at convenience stores would make it easier for people to get what they need. Thompson bought the Southland Ice Company and turned it into Southland Corporation. The Southland Corporation controlled many places in Dallas. In 1928, a manager named Jenna Lira brought a totem pole from Alaska and placed it in front of her store. The pole was a marketing tool for the company, as it gained a lot of attention. Soon, executives added totem poles in front of every store. There was an Inuit-inspired theme for the stores. Later on, the stores used the name "Tote'm Stores." In the same year, the company created gas stations in some of its Dallas locations to see if they would make money. Joe Thompson trained the people
Pepper&amp;Carrot is an open source webcomic series. Its author is the French artist David Revoy. The series consists of small episodes about teenage witch Pepper and her cat Carrot. The comic is translated into more than 28 different languages. The stories do not contain violence. That's because Revoy wants "Pepper&amp;Carrot" to be accessible for everyone. Revoy says he makes the series only with free software, such as Krita and Inkscape. You can download Krita source files for every image. License. Anyone can use the images. They are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Revoy says he likes fanart and other works based on "Pepper&amp;Carrot". List of episodes. Revoy aims to draw one episode every month. Funding. Revoy wants to change the comic book industry by removing intermediate steps in the production process. "Pepper&amp;Carrot" is free, but Revoy lets people support him on the Patreon crowdfunding platform. You can sign up to give a small amount of money per episode that he makes. Patreon takes 5% of the money. The credit card companies take another part. This is still less than a traditional comic production, where the publisher, distributors and retailers want money.
Champoz is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Champoz is on the southern slope of Moron mountain.
Châtelat was a municipality in the administrative district Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.
Berndt Arvid Freddie Wadling (August 2, 1951 – June 2, 2016) was a Swedish singer, actor and opera writer. He was born in Gothenburg. His 30-year musical career extended from punk to classical ballads.  In the 1980s and 1990s, he was vocalist of the Swedish alternative pop/rock duo Blue for Two. The duo started in Gothenburg in 1984 with him on vocals. After Two for Blue stopped performing by the end of the 1990s, Wadling developed a solo career. He released a great number of albums, and very notably the highly acclaimed "En skiva till kaffet" (1999) and "Jag är monstret" (2005). He also recorded songs by John Dowland with the Forge Players in 1998. Wadling died on June 2, 2016 in Västra Frölunda, Sweden at the age of 64.
Luis Jaime Salom Horrach (7 August 1991 – 3 June 2016) was a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He was born in Palma, Majorca.  Salom won his first Grand Prix in Indianapolis in 2012, beating Sandro Cortese and Maverick Viñales in a last-lap fight. He also won at Aragon. He finished the championship in second behind Cortese. Death. Salom died on 3 June 2016 while racing in the 2016 Catalan Moto2 Grand Prix in Barcelona after crashing against a wall, aged 24.
Ashley Elizabeth Fliehr (born April 5, 1986) is an American professional wrestler. She works to WWE, where she performs on their SmackDown brand under the ring name Charlotte Flair. Flair is one of the most successful women in WWE, having won 17 championships so far: She won the WWE (Raw) Women's Championship a record six times, the SmackDown Women's Championship a record seven times, the NXT Women's Championship twice, and both the Women's Tag Team and Divas Championships once. She was the last Divas Champion and the first (Raw) Women's Champion, when it replaced the Divas title at WrestleMania 32.  Flair is the daughter of former professional wrestler Ric Flair. As a tribute to her father's group, The Four Horsemen, she, Sasha Banks, Bayley and Becky Lynch have called themselves "The Four Horsewomen of WWE". She married Andrade, who is also a wrestler, in 2022. Flair files for divorce in June, and Andrade files divorce in October 2024.
Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Salt March and was part of the Indian independence movement. It was a non-violent protest against the salt tax by the British government. The Indians were upset that the government increased the price of salt. Mahatma Gandhi led the march. It started on the 12th of March in 1930 and finished on the 6th of April in the same year. It went from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, which was called Navsari at that time. Marchers took a handful of salt from the shore. They then announced that they had broken the law by making salt. This was a major but peaceful challenge against Britain's colony. This move enraged the British and they called for his arrest.  The British then came to the beach and beat Gandhi and anyone with him, but the Indians didn't fight back. They stood there, to prove their point.
Saint Louis County (abbreviated St. Louis County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county by total area in Minnesota. It is the largest in the United States east of the Mississippi River. Saint Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN-WI Metropolitan statistical area. Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Surface mining of high-grade iron-ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range. Parts of the Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county. History. St. Louis County was created on March 3, 1855 by acts of the territorial legislature. It was named for the St. Louis River, the largest river entering Lake Superior. It is a major river flowing through the county. As of 1860 the population was only 406. By 1870 it was 4,561. According to the state census, by 1895 the population had grown to 78,575.  Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (8.9%) is water. By area, it is the largest county in Minnesota and the largest in the United States east of the Mississippi River. St. Louis County is known for its spectacular natural beauty. It includes Voyageurs National Park,Superior National Forest and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. It is the gateway to the North Shore of Lake Superior. St. Louis county has 1,000 lakes and hundreds of miles of rivers and trout streams. Saint Louis County has one of the most important fresh water ports in the United States, located in Duluth on Lake Superior. The county is part of the Iron Range, which has a significant taconite mining industry. Three-fourths of the iron ore in the United States comes from this area.
Protoplast in modern biology, is what is left of a cell when the cell wall is dissolved. That leaves the cell's nucleus and the surrounding protoplasmic materials. Definition: a protoplast is a plant, bacterial or fungal cell that had its cell wall completely or partially removed using either mechanical or enzymatic means. Because cell walls are made differently in the different kingdoms, different enzymes are used to remove them. Enzymes for the preparation of protoplasts. Cell walls are made of a variety of polysaccharides. Protoplasts can be made by degrading cell walls with a mixture of the appropriate polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: The reason for removing the cell walls is to allow many different experimental techniques to be used. Protoplasts are widely used for DNA transformation (for making genetically modified organisms), since the cell wall would otherwise block the passage of DNA into the cell. In the case of plant cells, protoplasts can be regenerated into whole plants.
This Is What the Truth Feels Like is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani. It was released on March 18, 2016 by Interscope Records, and is her first solo album in ten years. Critical reception. "This Is What the Truth Feels Like" has received favorable reviews from music critics. Tour. On April 18, 2016; Stefani announced that she will tour with American rapper Eve to promote the album, the tour was mainly around America and Canada and started at Mansfield, Massachusetts on July 12, 2016.
Can't Take Me Home is the debut studio album by American singer Pink, released in the United States on April 4, 2000 by LaFace Records. The music on the album was "urban" and featured mainly hip hop, hip hop soul and R&amp;B type songs, all of Pink's following albums would mainly be pop rock and R&amp;B sounding. The UK version of the album featured the artwork in blue and two UK garage remixes on it. Reviews. "Can't Take Me Home" received mainly positive reviews from music critics.