ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Ransomware is a type of malware. It restricts access to the computer system that it infects all the data that it stores (often using encryption techniques), and demands a ransom be paid to the creator(s) of the malware. This is in order for the restriction to be removed. Some forms of ransomware encrypt files on the system's hard disk. Others may simply lock the system and display messages intended to persuade the user to pay. Ransomware first became popular in Russia. Now the use of ransomware scams has grown internationally. In June 2013, McAfee said it had collected over 250,000 unique samples of ransomware in the first three months of 2013. This is more than double the number of the previous year. CryptoLocker, a ransomware worm that surfaced in late-2013, had collected an estimated $3 million USD before it was taken down by authorities. In May 2017, a piece of ransomware called spread around the world. It lasted four days and affected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries. Only about $130,000 (USD) was ever paid in ransom, but the attack affected a lot of large companies and organizations. The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) was hit hard by WannaCry. Hospitals could not access their files, and so many surgeries were cancelled and patients had to be turned away. The NHS was especially at risk because it was using a version of the Windows operating system called Windows XP that Microsoft no longer supported. This meant that Microsoft had not been sending out security updates for this version of Windows, leaving it open to the WannaCry virus. Other systems were affected even though they were running newer versions of Windows, because their users had not yet installed the most recent security updates. Even though it was not designed to actually damage computers or their files, WannaCry led to a lot of wasted time and money, showing how vulnerable the world still is to ransomware attacks.
Christopher James Hardman (26 August 1990 – 23 March 2015), known by the stage name Lil' Chris, was an English singer-songwriter, actor, and television personality. His career began in 2006, after appearing on the Channel 4 series "Rock School". Later that year, he released the single "Checkin' It Out", which charted at number 3, and a self-titled album.  Chris committed suicide (killed himself) by hanging on 23 March 2015 at his home in Lowestoft, aged 24.
Colonel Arthur Richard Cecil Butson, GC, OMM, CD and Bar (24 October 1922 – 24 March 2015) was a British-born Canadian explorer and physician.  He then joined the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1946 during World War II. In 1947 was awarded the Albert Medal, then, with the George Cross. Later, all holders of the Albert Medal were ordered to exchange that medal for the George Cross. Butson died at the age of 92 on 24 March 2015.
Andreas Günter Lubitz (18 December 1987 – 24 March 2015) was a German pilot for the international airline Lufthansa. Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin, French and German authorities, as well as executives of Lufthansa, have issued statements that they believe that Lubitz intentionally crashed the Airbus A320 of Germanwings Flight 9525 (GWI18G &amp; D-AIPX) into the French Alps, killing himself along with 149 others in a murder-suicide on 24 March 2015. Early life. Lubitz grew up in Neuburg an der Donau until the age of six, where he lived with his parents at his maternal grandfather's house. The family then moved to Montabaur, where he attended the Mons-Tabor-Gymnasium, from which he graduated in 2007. At the age of 14, he became a member of the local gliding club LSC Westerwald e. V., where he obtained his gliding licence about two years later. In 2008, Lubitz began his pilot training at the Lufthansa Commercial Flight School in Bremen, which he interrupted for several months in 2009. Before continuing his training as a commercial pilot, he was "in psychotherapeutic treatment for an extended period of time with noted suicidal tendencies." From 2011 to 2013, he ran the Lufthansa Frankfurt Half Marathon. After completing his training, Lubitz worked as a flight attendant for eleven months, then as a first officer (co-pilot) for Lufthansa subsidiary Germanwings from September 2013, completing around 630 flight hours on the Airbus A320.
Ronald "Ron" Suart (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2015) was an English football player and manager. Suart was a full-back at Blackpool, playing alongside fellow defenders George Farrow and Harry Johnston in a team which also included Stanley Matthews and Stan Mortensen. Blackpool reached the 1948 FA Cup Final, but Suart missed it through injury. He transferred to Blackburn Rovers in 1949, before retiring in 1955. Suart died in March 2015, aged 94.
Rodney Clark "Hot Rod" Hundley (October 26, 1934 – March 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and television broadcaster. He played for the Los Angeles Lakers from 1957 to 1963. He later became known as a broadcaster for the Utah Jazz. Hundley was born in Charleston, West Virginia. Hundley died of Alzheimer's disease at his home in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 80.
O Death — also known as O, Death, Oh Death, and Conversations with Death — is a traditional American folk song. Country blues banjo player Moran Lee "Dock" Boggs (1898-1971) recorded the song in the late 1920s. A recording from the 1938 National Folk Festival held in Washington, D.C. is on file with the Library of Congress. Various folk music artists included "Oh, Death" on a variety of musical collections throughout the 1970s and '80s.
"Man of Constant Sorrow" (also known as "I Am a Man of Constant Sorrow") is a traditional American folk song first recorded by Dick Burnett, a partially blind fiddler from Kentucky. The song was originally recorded by Burnett as "Farewell Song" printed in a Richard Burnett songbook, about 1913.  An early version was recorded by Emry Arthur in 1928 (Vocalion Vo 5208). It became popular again when it was played in the 2000 movie "O Brother, Where Art Thou?".
Amaro Silva (c. 1957 – March 27, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He served on the Winnipeg City Council from 1992 to 1998. Silva died on March 27, 2015 following a "serious illness", aged 57.
The George Washington University Hospital is the hub of a major medical center in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It is affiliated with the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. The current building was opened on August 23, 2002. Since 1997, The George Washington University Hospital has been jointly owned and operated by a parnership between a subsidiary of Universal Health Services and The George Washington University. In 1981 after being shot, Ronald Reagan was taken to the hospital.
Jack Higgins (born Henry Patterson; 27 July 1929 – 9 April 2022) was a British writer. He was one of the best-selling authors of popular thrillers and espionage novels. His breakthrough novel "The Eagle Has Landed" (1975). He was also known for his books; "A Prayer for the Dying" (1987), "The Eagle Has Flown" (1991), "Thunder Point" (1993), "Angel of Death" (1995), "Flight of Eagles" (1998), and "Day of Reckoning" (2000). Higgins died on 9 April 2022 at his home in Jersey, Channel Islands at the age of 92.
Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency or sleeplessness, is the condition of not having enough sleep.  The condition affects the brain and its cognitive function. The condition can be either chronic or acute. , sleep deprivation can be used to treat certain disorders, such as clinical depression. Sleep deprivation has also been used as a form of torture. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. Sleep deficiency may be caused by other sleep disorders or medical conditions. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. Other medical or mental health problems, such as pain or general anxiety disorder, can interfere with the quality and quantity of sleep. Generally, sleep deprivation may result in: Causes. There are many reasons why a person may not get enough sleep. Examples include: Types of Sleep Deprivation. Sleep deprivation and sleep insufficiency may be categorised in different ways depending on a person’s circumstances.
Both perception ("experiencing") and remembering are processes which involve the brain. For this reason, errors do sometimes occur. Errors in perception are commonly called illusions. Emil Kraepelin used the term "Erinnerungsverfälschung" (memory falsification) to speak about false memories. Perceptions need stimuli to be created. A perception without a stimulus is called hallucination. Much like the difference between illusion and hallucination, Kraepelin wanted to distinguish between a false memory and memories of something that did not really happen, which he called "Erinnerkungsfälschung". Unfortunately, both German terms translate to the same English term. A false memory is a condition where a person remembers something that did not occur or where the memory does not closely match the occurrence.  Remembering events that did not occur. Using suggestion and hypnosis, it is possible to make people believe they experienced something, when they did not. Such phenomena also occur spontaneously, for example in a stressful situation, or when someone is not sleeping enough.  Lost in the mall. To prove the existence of false memories, an experiment was conducted: People were given small stories of supposed relatives who told how these people were lost in a shopping mall, at age five or six, and how they had to be "rescued" by an adult. The experiment was done with 24 people. Afterwards, six people said that they remembered the event, even though it had never happened. Mandela effect. False memories can sometimes be shared by multiple people. This is sometimes called the Mandela effect. Examples include memories of the Berenstain Bears' name being spelled "Berenstein", and of the existence of a 1990s movie entitled "Shazaam" starring comedian Sinbad as a genie. The effect is named after South African anti-Apartheid leader Nelson Mandela after people believed he died in prison in the 1980s (he actually died in 2013, after having served as President of South Africa from 1994-99), which she claimed was shared by "perhaps thousands" of other people. Legal implications. Sometimes, people are accused of a crime, and often part of the
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" is a song by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams. The song was released on June 18, 1991. It was the first single on his sixth studio album "Waking Up the Neighbours". It is also featured on the soundtrack for the 1991 movie "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves". The song was able to peak at #1 on many different music charts. It sold more than 15 million copies worldwide and is Adams' most successful song. It is one of the best-selling singles of all time. In 1992, the song won a Grammy Award in the category of Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. It was also nominated in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. The song was also nominated for an Academy Award in the category of Best Song.
Vaginal discharge is the name given to the fluid coming from the vagina. It can be clear or different colors (such as white, yellow or green). It can be of different thicknesses, tastes, smells. Most of the time having clear or white discharge is normal. Types of discharge. Clear discharge is part of the menstrual cycle. Some discharge can be from an infection, sickness or disease. The discharge from a yeast infection (candidas) is white and thick with lumps. Other infections can cause yellow or green color or foul smelling discharge. Discharge can be a result of an infection called a sexually transmitted disease. The term "blennorrhea" is often used to designate mucus discharge from the urethra or vagina. Discharge from an infection called bacterial vaginosis that has a 'fishy' smell.
Malalai Bahaduri is a Senior Instructor in the Afghan National Interdiction Unit (NIU), with the military rank of Second Lieutenant. In 2013, Bahaduri received an International Women of Courage Award. Work. Bahaduri worked as a telecommunications operator. In 2002, the Taliban rule of Afghanistan ended, and Bahaduri decided to join law enforcement. Her uncle did not want her to do this. He threatened Bahaduri with death, and he physically abused her.  Bahaduri is the first woman in the Afghan National Interdiction Unit. She worked in counternarcotics operations in all 34 provinces of Afghanistan.
Tsering Woeser (also written Öser; Han name Chéng Wénsà 程文萨; born 1966) is a Tibetan activist, blogger, poet and essayist. She lives in China. Life. Woeser is a quarter Han and three quarters Tibetan. She was born in Lhasa. Her grandfather as a Han ethnic. He was an officer in the Nationalist Army of the Kuomintang. Her father was a high ranking Army officer in the People's Liberation Army. When Woeser was a small child, her family moved to the Kham area of western Sichuan province. In 1988, she graduated from Southwest University for Nationalities in Chengdu with a degree in Chinese literature. She worked as a reporter in Kardzé and later worked in Lhasa. In 2003, she moved to Beijing because of political problems. Woeser is married to Wang Lixiong, a famous author. Lixiong often writes about Tibet. According to Reporters sans frontières, "Woeser is one of the few Tibetan authors and poets to write in Chinese." Because the government refused to give Woeser a passport, Woeser sued the government. Work. Woeser wrote a book, "Notes on Tibet" (西藏笔记; "Xīzàng Bǐjì"). According to the Tibet Information Network, unnamed sources say that the government banned the book about September 2003. According to UNPO, Woeser lost her job shortly after the ban. Radio Free Asia said that she continued to write poems and articles on her two blogs: Maroon Map (绛红色的地图, "oser.tibetcul.net"), which, according to the author, was visited mostly by Tibetans, and the Woeser blog "(blog.daqi.com/weise)", which was visited mostly by those of Han ethnicity. According to RFA, on July 28, 2006, both blogs were closed by the government. The blogs were probably closed because she wrote birthday greetings to the Dalai Lama and wrote about other sensitive
Julieta Castellanos (born 8 January 1954) is a Honduran sociologist. She is the rector of the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) since 2009. Castellanos has worked against violence in Honduras, working mostly on drug cartels and police corruption. She worked for reform of the courts and the police. In 2004, Castellanos started the Observatorio de la Violencia (Violence Observatory) at UNAH. The Violence Observatory analyzes crime statistics in Honduras. She was also a member of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The job of this commission was to find the facts of the 2009 coup that removed President Manuel Zelaya from power. Life and education. Castellanos was born in San Francisco de Becerra, Olancho on 8 January 1954. Her mother was Rafael Castellanos of Santa Bárbara, and her father was Ernestina Ruiz of Olancho. She grew up in the sugar fields of rural Honduras. In 1968, Castellanos' father gave her a test to be a student at the Normal School for Girls in the city of Tegucigalpa. She entered the school and graduated in 1973 with a teaching degree. In 1974, Castellanos won two scholarships to study social work at the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH) and social sciences in the College of Teachers. After several years of study, she finished her studies with a master's degree in economics from UNAH and a bachelor's degree in sociology from the University of Costa Rica.  After she finished her studies, Castellanos became a professor at UNAH in 1978. She was head of the Social Sciences Department and President of the Association of Teachers from 1997 to 2001. Castellanos was also the President of the Association of Professors of the University Center of General Studies (CUEG) in 1986, Coordinator of the Violence Observatory since 2005, consultant to the Arias Foundation for Human Progress and the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA), and Research Associate of the Centro de Documentatión de Honduras (
Tim Omaji (born 9 September 1987), also known by his former stage name Timomatic, is an Australian singer-songwriter and dancer. He is best known for his single "Set It Off". He was a contestant on "So You Think You Can Dance Australia" in 2009, finishing seventh in the competition. He also appeared as a contestant on "Australia's Got Talent" and placed third in the competition. Later that year, he signed with Sony Music Australia. Omaji was born in Nigeria. He moved to Australia when he was ten months old. He lived in many places all over the nation before settling in Canberra.
Josephine "Joe" Obiajulu Okei-Odumakin is a Nigerian women's rights activist. She is the president of the rights groups Women Arise for Change Initiative and the Campaign for Democracy. Life. Odumakin was born in Zaria, Kaduna on 4 July 1966. She grew up in a Roman Catholic household.  Work. In 1987, Odumakin received a bachelor's degree in English Education. Then she received a master's degree in Guidance and Counseling and a doctorate in History and Policy of Education from the University of Ilorin. She was arrested often for her activism, especially during the military rule of Ibrahim Babangida. She met her future husband, Yinka Odumakin, in prison.
Elena Milashina (Russian: Елена Милашина, born 28 October 1978) is a Russian investigative journalist for "Novaya Gazeta." In October 2009, Milashina received Human Rights Watch's Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism.  In 2006, Milashina's colleague Anna Politkovskaya was assassinated in Moscow. Milashina continues the investigations.  In the early morning of April 5, 2012, two unidentified people attacked Milashina and her friend Ella Asoyan in the Balashika neighborhood of Moscow. In 2013, Elena Milashina received an International Women of Courage Award.
Fartuun Abdisalaan Adan (, ) is a Somali social activist. Life. Fartuun grew up in Somalia. She married Elman Ali Ahmed, a local entrepreneur and peace activist. The couple had four daughters. In 1996, during the high point of the Somali Civil War, Fartuun's husband was killed near the family's home in southern Mogadishu. After her husband died, Fartuun emigrated to Canada in 1999. In 2007, Fartuun returned to Somalia. She became an advocate for peace and human rights. Work. The center is a NGO based in Mogadishu. Fartuun established the center in honor of her late husband. Fartuun is the organization's Executive Director. Fartuun's daughter Ilwad works with her. Through the center, Fartuun also co-founded Sister Somalia, the country's first program to help victims of sexual violence. Awards. In 2013, Adan received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State. In 2014, she also received an award from the government of Germany for her work with the Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre.
The Quarter Pounder is a hamburger sold by international fast food chain McDonald's. Until 2015, the weight of the patty was four ounces (a quarter of a pound) (113.4 grams). Since 2015, the weight of a patty has been 4.25 ounces (120 grams). The Quarter Pounder has two buns, two slices of American cheese, pickles, and onions, as well as ketchup and mustard. The Quarter Pounder was created by Al Bernardin, a franchise owner, in Fremont, California, in 1971 as a competitor to the Whopper from Burger King. In mid-2023, Mcdonald's introduced a spicy variant of the hamburger which had sliced Jalapeño peppers.
Christopher Paul O'Neill (born 27 June 2025), is a British-American businessperson and the husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden. He is the father of Princess Leonore, Prince Nicolas, and Princess Adrienne.
The Eurovision Song Contest 2015 was the 60th edition of the contest and took place in Vienna, Austria, after Conchita Wurst won the previous year. 40 countries took part this year, with Sweden's song "Heroes" by Måns Zelmerlöw winning. Australia took part for the first time ever and was invited to the Grand Final as a special guest. Ukraine did not participate due to financial problems related to Russia's invasion of Crimea. Overview. According to the rules of Eurovision 2015, there would be 27 countries in the Grand Final. These included host country Austria, the Big 5 (France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom), Australia and the twenty countries which qualified from the semi-finals. First semi-final. The first semi-final took place on Tuesday, the 19th May 2015. 16 countries participated in this semi-final. Those 16 countries plus Austria, France and Spain voted in this semi-final. The rankings from each country's jury vote and public vote were combined and the ten best ranked countries qualified for the final. Second semi-final. The second semi-final took place on Thursday, the 21th May 2015. 17 countries participated in this semi-final. Those countries plus Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final. The rankings from each country's jury vote and public vote were combined and the ten best ranked countries qualified for the final. Grand Final. The Grand Final took place on Saturday, the 23th May 2015. The 27 finalists were Austria, the Big Five, the twenty qualifiers from the semi-finals and Australia, who was invited as a special guest. The winner was Sweden, with the song "Heroes" by Måns Zelmerlöw.  Each country used a jury vote and a public vote to rank the songs. The rankings were combined and the ten songs that ranked highest in both votes were awarded points on a scale of 12, 10 and 8 to 1 (with 12 going to the highest ranked, 10 to the second and 8 to 1 from the third to tenth). Once each country had awarded their points, the winner was declared.
Satellite DNA has many sections of repeating, non-coding DNA.  Satellite DNA is a type of tandem repeat. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end. Tandem repeats also include minisatellite and microsatellite DNA.  Satellite DNA is the main component of centromeres. It forms the main part of heterochromatin. The most common type of tandem repeat is the heterochromatin, which sits on chromosomes around the centromeres and elsewhere. It is "transcriptionally inactive", meaning, it does not code for proteins.
Tandem repeats occur in DNA when a pattern of nucleotides is repeated. The repeats sit next to each other, in tandem. These are multiple copies of the same base-pair sequence lying end-to-end.  An example would be: ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times. Terminology. If between 10 and 60 nucleotides are repeated, it is called a minisatellite. Those with fewer are known as microsatellites or 'short tandem repeats'. When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called a "dinucleotide repeat" (for example: ACACACAC…). When three nucleotides are repeated, it is called a "trinucleotide repeat" (for example: CAGCAGCAGCAG…). Abnormalities in such regions can give rise to trinucleotide repeat disorders. The repeat unit copy number may be variable. This is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).  Uses. A tandem repeat pattern helps determine an individual's inherited traits. Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining parentage. Short tandem repeats are used for certain genealogical DNA tests. In genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling, DNA is examined from tandem repeats in the chromosomal DNA.