ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, meaning gave up, being the emperor of the Russian Empire on 2 March (Julian Calendar) / 15 March (Gregorian Calendar), 1917. He did it in the middle of World War I, a very important war that Russia was losing. The war was causing people to be poor and starve, and also millions of young Russians were dying in the war. People blamed Tsar Nicholas for their these problems. This caused the February Revolution, which was what made Tsar Nicholas abdicate. The Emperor gave up the throne for both himself and his son, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. Nicholas said that his brother, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, should be emperor instead. Grand Duke Michael didn't want to take the throne, though. With these events, the rule of the 300-year-old House of Romanov ended. Power in Russia then passed to the Russian Provisional Government, which was a more democratic form of government. Manifesto of Abdication (Abdication Statement). Summary Nicholas II said that he wants to give up the throne to his brother Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich because it will help people work together so that Russia will win World War 1. Nicholas II asks the people to be patriotic and help Russia gain victory. The statement ends with a plea to God to help Russia. English Translation of the Manifesto of Abdication Simple English Translation As we fight against our foreign enemies in the World War, God has decided to give us another problem. Chaos from inside our nation, which come from the common people, might lead to us losing the war. If we want the destiny of Russia, the honor of our heroic army, the well-being of our people, and the future of the nation to turn out well, we have to win this war at any cost. Our cruel enemies are already tired, and our army will soon destroy them. In this important time for Russia, we thought it would be best that we help the Russian people work together the best they can so that all our effort can go towards a quick victory. In agreement with the representatives of the people, we have decided that we should give up the throne
Delphi Ravens is an American alternative/indie rock band based out of Southern Oregon, United States. The band is known for combining alt-rock with other musical styles. History. Delphi Ravens were founded in late 2019 by bassist and ASCAP songwriter Stephen Andrew Burgess, professionally known as Papa B. The band originates from the Pacific Northwest. In 2022, the band recorded eight new tracks, gained 20,000 followers, and achieved 40,000 Spotify streams. That same year, they were named Artist of the Month by MTV Rocks. According to ReverbNation, Delphi Ravens ranked as the #1 alternative rock band in the Pacific Northwest and within the Top 50 in the United States. The band won four songwriting awards in 2022 for three of its original tracks. In 2023, Delphi Ravens was featured on over 3,600 radio stations. Their music has been compared to artists such as Deftones, Evanescence, Fleetwood Mac, and Foo Fighters. Notable Releases. Delphi Ravens perform original music, occasionally incorporating cover songs. They wrote eight new songs in 2021, two of which entered the Top 20 on the Hypeddit Top 100 Alternative Music Chart. Their track "Hardest Goodbye" peaked at #2 and was featured in the film series "Nate &amp; Laura &amp; How They Met". In 2022, the band recorded five new songs, with notable achievements including: The band's music was played on over 100 radio shows in 2022, including KIIS-FM and KLOS FM in Los Angeles. In 2023, EP "Sensations". "Sensations" received a rave review from Chelsea of Daily Music Spins. In 2024, the band released 4 new songs including "Bittersweet", which won #1 Rock Song from Elite Music Awards.
In 1464 Kapilendra deva with the help of Alauddin Ahmad II of Bahmani Sultanate (possibility) invaded the Vijayanagar Empire ruled by Malikarjuna (Dev Raya III) at that time, his son Hamvira deva captured Udayagiri, Chandragiri, Trichinapalli, Tanjore and Arcot from Malikarjuna and also was able to make him pay the tribute. Battle. According to the documents of the Gangadasa Bilasa Charitam, Kapilendra Deva ordered his son, Prince Hamvira Deva, to conquer Vijayanagara with Bahmani Sultanate. Hamvira Deva successfully took control of the capital city of Vijayanagara, forcing its weak emperor, Mallikarjuna Raya, to pay an annual tribute. In 1460 CE, Hamvira Deva's general, Tamavupala, captured the southern regions of Udayagiri and Chandragiri. Inscriptions from the Srirangam Temple near Trichinapalli state that Hamvira Deva's conquests reached as far south as Trichinapalli, Tanjore, and Arcot before he halted his advance. In 1464 CE, Hamvira Deva’s son, Dakshina Kapileswara Kumara, was appointed governor of the southern territories, including Chandragiri, after its conquest. By 1464 CE, Kapilendra Deva ruled over a vast empire stretching from the Ganges River in the north to Trichinapalli in the south. This gave him the right to adopt the imperial titles of Gajapati, Gauḍeśvara, Navakoṭi Karṇāṭa, and Kalavargeśvara. Historian R. C. Majumdar stated that Kapilendra Deva was the most powerful Hindu king of his time, and under his rule, Odisha became an empire stretching from the lower Ganges in the north to the Kaveri River in the south. The Gopinathpur inscription from 1464 CE clearly describes his powerful position.
The yellow-painted poison arrow frog, yellow-spotted frog, or Lutz's poison frog ("Ameerega flavopicta") is a frog. It lives in Brazil and Bolivia. Home. This frog is awake during the day. People see it in cracks in rocks near streams and on plants near waterfalls and on the dead leaves on the ground. It can live in some grassy places. Scientists saw the frog between 400 and 1500 meters above sea level. This frog lives in many protected places: Área de Preservação Ambiental da Nascente do Rio das Balsas, Área de Preservação Ambiental Lago de São Salvador do Tocantins, Paranana e Palmeirópolis, Área de Preservação Ambiental Morro da Pedreira, Área de Preservação Ambiental Pouso Alto, Área de Preservação Ambiental Serra da Jibóia, Área de Preservação Ambiental Serra do Cabral Augusto de Lima, Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parque Estadual Cristalino II, Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo, Parque Nacional do Jamanxim, RPPN Fazenda Arruda, and RPPN Fazenda Pioneira. Young. The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water. Danger. Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans change the places where the frog lives. People make places for animals to eat grass and to make farms. People make dams, which changes streams and rivers. People cut down trees to get wood. Mining can also hurt this frog. People do catch this frog to sell as a pet, but scientists say this is not a danger to the frog.
AutoNation is a company in the United States that sells cars. It is based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. AutoNation sells new and used cars and also offers car-related services.  The company started in 1996. Its founder is Wayne Huizenga. AutoNation began with 12 stores and now has over 300.  History. In 1997, AutoNation bought Maroone Automotive Group for $200 million. In 1998, CarMax sued AutoNation for copyright issues. CarMax first won $50 million, but this was overturned. In 2011, AutoNation became the first car retailer in the U.S. to sell 8 million cars. By 2022, it had sold 14 million cars. In 2023, AutoNation bought RepairSmith, a company that provides car repair services at home, for $190 million.
Louis Couturat (born January 17, 1868 – died August 3, 1914) was a French thinker who worked on logic, mathematics, philosophy, and languages. He is best known for helping create the planned language Ido. Life. Early life and education. Couturat was born in Paris. In 1887, he began studying philosophy and mathematics at a top school in France, the École normale supérieure. Later, he taught philosophy at the University of Toulouse (1895) and the University of Caen Normandy (1897). There, he supported the use of transfinite numbers, which are a type of math dealing with infinity. He also studied the writings of the famous philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in Hanover, Germany. In 1905, he became an assistant to Henri-Louis Bergson, a well-known philosopher, at the Collège de France. Career Highlights. Couturat promoted symbolic logic, a system that uses symbols to express logical ideas. This field grew before World War I, influenced by thinkers like Charles Sanders Peirce, Giuseppe Peano, and Bertrand Russell (a close friend of Couturat). Couturat believed symbolic logic could improve both math and the philosophy of math. He disagreed with Henri Poincaré, who criticized his views. Couturat’s ideas aligned with Russell's logicism, while Poincaré leaned towards intuitionism, a different approach to math. The Ido Language. In 1907, Couturat helped create Ido, a new language inspired by Esperanto. He believed it should be a logical and easy-to-learn international language. Ido borrowed words from European languages and followed ideas similar to Leibniz’s dream of a universal symbolic language. Death. Couturat was a strong believer in peace. Tragically, he died in a car accident when his car collided with another carrying urgent military orders at the start of World War I. Cultural Impact. Couturat appears as a character in "A Curable Romantic", a 2010 novel by Joseph Skibell.
Ngern Anupart Luangsodsai; (Thai: เงิน อนุภาษ เหลืองสดใส; born on November 30, 1996) or shortly known as Ngern Anupart is a Thai actor popular for best known for actong roles in BL series (Thai boys lovers) under Channel One31.  He went at Saint Gabriel's College in Bangkok, after studying acting and directing of his department.  Ngern joined the entertainment industry when he was cast in the hit 2014 series.
Seven &amp; i Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社セブン&amp;アイ・ホールディングス) is a Japanese diversified retail holdings company headquartered in Nibanchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo Japan.  Background. On September 1, 2005, it was established as a result of the integration of three companies: Ito-Yokado, 7-Eleven, and Denny's.
The Toyota bZ3 is an electric car made by Toyota. It is a small sedan that runs on batteries. The car was made in China, and it started being sold in 2023. The bZ3 is part of Toyota's series of electric cars called the bZ series. It is the first sedan in this series, and it was made together with the company BYD Auto. The car uses a special battery called the BYD Blade lithium iron phosphate battery, which allows it to drive for long distances on a single charge. History. The Toyota bZ3 was introduced in October 2022 in China. Before the bZ3 came out, there was a preview of the car shown by a concept model called the bZ SDN. This happened in December 2021. The bZ3 is the second car in Toyota's bZ line, after the Toyota bZ4X, which is a larger SUV. The bZ3 is made by a joint company called BYD Toyota EV Technology (BTET). This company works together with Toyota, BYD, and FAW Toyota to make electric cars. Resources. The Toyota bZ3 has a BYD Blade battery, which is a type of lithium iron phosphate battery. This battery can give the car a range of up to 600 km (around 375 miles) on a full charge. This means the car can travel a long distance before needing to be recharged. The car uses an electric motor that produces between 135 kW and 180 kW of power, which makes it easy to drive in the city and on highways. The car is also front-wheel drive, meaning the front wheels move the car. It has a 4-door sedan body, and it is made in China, in the city of Tianjin. Markets. The Toyota BZ3 currently is sold exclusively in China.
The Toyota bZ4X is a electric crossover SUV made by Toyota from 2022. It is the first car based on the e-TNGA platform and the first car of the Toyota bZ series.  Overview. Sales of bZ4X started in mid-2022. The bZ4X was previewed by bZ4X concept, revealed on 19 April 2021, and presented on Auto Shanghai on this day. In some markets, bZ4X is available with steer-by-wire system. This system was developed for Chinese market and available with yoke instead of traditional steering wheel. Resources. The bZ4X is powered by eAxle, which integrates an electric motor, gears and inverter. Front-wheel drive models use a single 1XM model that produces 150 kW (201 hp), while all-wheel drive models uses twin 1YM model that produces 80 kW (107 hp) for a combined output of 160 kW (215 hp)
Adelaide de Maurienne (1092-1154) was a consort of France through her marriage to Louis VI of France. Early life. Adélaide was born in the outskirts of Paris on 16 August 1092. Her parents were Pierre Charles de Maureinne, a farmer, and his wife Adela de Liseon. Adélaide was a beautiful young woman with excellent charm and wit. She loved dancing and music. She played the violin often. She was her parent's only child. When her father died in 1112, she got his estate that was close to the palace.  Meeting the king and marriage. While the king was at the palace, he saw a young woman dancing. He left the palace and asked her name.
The Volkswagen ID.3 is an electric car produced by Volkswagen. It is a small family car that uses electric power instead of gasoline. It is the first car to be built on the MEB platform, which is used for Volkswagen's electric vehicles. The ID.3 was first shown in 2016 as a concept car, and the production version was revealed in 2019. The car started being sold in 2020. History. The ID.3 was announced as a production car in May 2019 after being previewed as a concept car at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. The car was built using the MEB platform, which Volkswagen uses for many of their electric cars. The ID.3 was first available in Germany in September 2020. Volkswagen made the car in their factories in Zwickau, Germany, and Anting, China. In 2021, a new production line started at the Transparent Factory in Dresden. Features. The ID.3 is available with different battery sizes and driving ranges. It uses a rear motor and can come with either a 45 kWh, 58 kWh, or 77 kWh battery. The car's range depends on the battery size. For example, the 45 kWh battery gives a range of up to 330 km (205 miles), while the 77 kWh battery can go up to 550 km (340 miles). The ID.3 also supports fast charging through DC charging and can charge at a speed of up to 125 kW. Markets. The Volkswagen ID.3 is sold mainly in European countries but also in China.
The Chevrolet Menlo is a battery electric Compact car made by General Motors. Since 2020. History. The Chevrolet Menlo is based on the Chevrolet FNR-X concept, which was first shown at the 2017 Auto Shanghai. The production model was revealed in November 2019 at an event in Hefei, Anhui, and was also presented at the 2019 Auto Guangzhou. Pre-orders began in December 2019, and deliveries started on February 20, 2020. The Menlo is the lowest-priced compact electric car in China, with a government subsidy of up to 100,000 yuan (about US$14,250). Features. The Menlo has an electric motor with 130 kW (170 hp) from 2022 onward, and a battery capacity of 61.1 kWh for a range of 518 km (322 miles). Earlier models (2020-21) had a 52.5 kWh battery and a range of 410 km (250 miles). It can be charged in 8 hours using an AC charger or in 40 minutes to 80% with a DC fast charger. The car has three driving modes: standard, sport, and economy, along with three levels of energy recovery. Markets. The Chevrolet Menlo currently is sold only in China and is the first electric vehicle (EV) from Chevrolet available in the country.
Giuseppe Peano (August 27, 1858 – April 20, 1932) was an Italian mathematician and language expert. He wrote over 200 books and papers and was a pioneer in mathematical logic and set theory. He introduced important symbols still used in math today and created the Peano axioms, which describe natural numbers. He also worked on mathematical induction, a key tool in proving mathematical statements. Most of his career was spent teaching at the University of Turin. Peano even invented a simple version of Latin called "Latino sine flexione" ("Latin without inflections"). Life. Early life and education. Peano grew up on a farm in Spinetta, a small town in northern Italy. He attended high school in Turin and entered the University of Turin in 1876. He graduated with top honors in 1880 and began working as an assistant at the university, first with Enrico D'Ovidio and later with Angelo Genocchi. When Genocchi’s health declined, Peano began teaching calculus classes himself. In 1884, Peano published his first major book, a calculus textbook called "Calcolo differenziale". A few years later, he wrote a book introducing new ideas in mathematical logic, including the first use of symbols for set union and intersection. Family and career milestones. In 1887, Peano married Carola Crosio, whose father was a famous painter. Around this time, he began teaching at the Royal Military Academy in addition to the university. By 1889, he became a full professor and published the Peano axioms, which formed a solid foundation for understanding natural numbers. In 1890, Peano introduced the Peano curve, the first example of a "space-filling curve." This showed that a one-dimensional line could fill a two-dimensional area, a concept now linked to fractals. He also founded the journal "Rivista di Matematica" and started the "Formulario" Project, which aimed to create an encyclopedia of all known mathematical formulas. Involvement in international mathematics. Peano was active in international conferences. At the First International Congress of Mathematicians in 189
The Toyota JPN Taxi is a hybrid electric taxi developed by Toyota, designed to meet accessibility and environmental standards set by the Japanese government. Launched in 2017, it was created to replace the Toyota Comfort model and is primarily used in Japan, though it has also been exported to markets such as Hong Kong and Thailand. History. The JPN Taxi was first shown as a concept at the 43rd Tokyo Motor Show in 2013 and entered production in 2017. Its development was driven by the Japanese government's mandate for a "universal design" for taxis, aimed at better serving all passengers, including those with disabilities. The model was also designed to meet stricter emissions standards and has become an iconic part of public  transportation in Japan. Features. The JPN Taxi features a hybrid powertrain using Toyota's THS II hybrid system, combining a 1.5-liter gasoline engine with an electric motor. The vehicle is designed for accessibility, with electrically operated sliding rear doors and a spacious interior, including a ramp for wheelchair users. It is equipped with advanced safety features such as collision sensors and multiple airbags. Usage. The JPN Taxi has been widely adopted in Japan, especially in Tokyo, where it is a popular choice for taxi companies, supported by government subsidies. It was also introduced in Hong Kong under the name Toyota Comfort Hybrid and, more recently, in Thailand as the Toyota Thai Taxi.
The Battle of Mardin was a battle in 1833-1835. Events. Prince Mir Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz and his army captured Mardin from The Ottomans. The period of peace was finally halted when the Ottoman Empire came into conflict with the Khedivate of Egypt. Then, the city came under the rule of insurgents associated with the Kurdish Milli clan.  In 1835, the Milli tribe was subdued by the military troops of the Wāli of Diyarbekir Eyalet, Reşid Mehmed Pasha. During the siege, the city's Great Mosque was blown up. Between 1847 and 1865 the city's population suffered from a notable cholera epidemic, with the exact number of deaths not known.
The Sehol E10X is an electric car produced by Sehol, a brand of JAC Motors in China. It is a small city car that was first launched in 2021. History. The Sehol E10X was introduced in 2021. It was first shown to the public during a display of battery technology in November 2020. Presales for the car began in March 2021, and it officially debuted at the 2021 Shanghai Auto Show. The E10X is based on the same platform as the JAC iEV6E, which was first produced in 2016. Features. The Sehol E10X is powered by an electric motor. There are two versions available: one with 30 kW (41 horsepower) and another with 45 kW (61 horsepower). Both versions can reach a maximum speed of 102 km/h (63 mph). The car uses a one-speed transmission. The E10X comes with three battery options: a 15 kWh battery, a 19.7 kWh battery, and a 30.2 kWh battery. The 15 kWh battery gives the car a range of 150 km (93 miles), while the 19.7 kWh and 30.2 kWh batteries provide ranges of 200 km (124 miles) and 302 km (188 miles), respectively. The car is available in seven different trim levels. Basic features include air conditioning, power windows, and safety features such as ABS and airbags. Higher trim levels add more features like an infotainment system, keyless entry, and additional safety features. The cabin of the E10X can fit either four or five people.
Caroline Agnes Brady (October 3, 1905 – November 5, 1980) was an American expert in languages, known for her studies of Old English and Old Norse literature. She wrote a book called "The Legends of Ermanaric" in 1943, based on her Ph.D. research, and wrote three important articles about the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf". Brady taught at several top universities, including the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and Harvard University. Life. Early life and education. Brady was born in Tientsin, China, but she was an American citizen. As a child, she moved around a lot, living in Los Angeles, California; British Columbia, Canada; and Austin, Texas. She studied at the University of California, where she earned her bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. degrees, finishing in 1935. Career highlights. After completing her Ph.D., Brady became an English instructor at the University of California’s College of Agriculture. From 1941 to 1946, she worked as an assistant professor at UC Berkeley. She then spent three years teaching at the University of Pennsylvania. At the end of 1949, she moved to teach at Central Oregon Community College, but she left a few months later because of health problems. In 1952–53, Brady received a fellowship from the American Association of University Women, known as the Marion Talbot Fellowship. During this time, she published two articles. However, she did not publish any more academic work for 25 years. Her last two articles were released in 1979 and after her death in 1983. Her work. The Legends of Ermanaric: Brady argued that the Gothic king Ermanaric was part of two different traditions. This earned her praise for her careful and independent research. Critics noted her ability to challenge traditional ideas. Studies on Beowulf: Brady’s three papers on Beowulf were considered important studies of the poem. According to scholar Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, Brady’s work explored the detailed meanings of the words used in Beowulf. Brady argued that the poet was a skilled artist who carefully chose words and phrases, not someone simply following formulas or clichés. Brady’s work remains important for understanding Old English literature and Beowulf in particular.
The Mustang is a wild, free roaming horses living in the Western United States. Mustangs were brought to America by Spanish settlers. Mustangs are usually small horses or large ponies. Mustangs are rounded up regularly and adopted out to people who won the bid for them.