ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A dodecagon or 12-gon is a shape with 12 sides and 12 corners. Regular dodecagon. All sides of a regular dodecagon are the same length. Each corner is 150°. All corners added together equal 1800°. Area. The amount of space a regular dodecagon takes up is formula_1 The variable "A" represents the area, and the variable "a" represents the apothem. Perimeter. The perimeter of a regular dodecagon is formula_2 The variable "P" represents the perimeter, and the variable "s" represents one side.
A octadecagon or 18-gon is a shape with 18 sides and 18 corners. Regular octadecagon. All sides of a regular octadecagon are the same length. Each corner is 160°. All corners added together equal 2880°. Area. The amount of space a regular octadecagon takes up is The area of a regular octadecagon of side length "a" is given by formula_1
A hendecagon or undecagon or 11-gon is a shape with 11 sides and 11 corners. Regular hendecagon. All sides of a regular hendecagon are the same length. Each corner is 147.27°. All corners added together equal 1619.97°. Area. The amount of space a regular hendecagon takes up is  formula_1 formula_2 "a" is the length of one of its sides.
A hectogon or hectagon is a shape with 100 sides and 100 corners. Regular hectogon. All sides of a regular hectogon are the same length. Each corner is 176.4°. All corners added together equal 17640°. Area. The area of a regular hectogon of side length "a" is given by formula_1
Dhaulagiri is a group of mountains in Nepal. It is long and lies between Kaligandaki river and Bheri river. Dhaulagiri I which is the seventh highest mountain in the world whose height is lies in this group. The name Dhaulagiri comes from sanskrit in which dhawala means white, beautiful and giri means mountain.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is Charles Darwin's third major work of evolutionary theory, following "On the Origin of Species" (1859) and "The Descent of Man" (1871). Darwin had intended it as a section of "The Descent of Man". However, that book was already quite long: it was published in two volumes. So the "Expression of the Emotions" was published separately in 1872. The book is about the way emotional life is shown by the faces and actions of man and other mammals. Darwin sets out ideas that our systems of emotions are inherited, and have evolved in a similar way to the more familiar structural aspects of man and animals. He explores the origins of such human characteristics as the lifting of the eyebrows in moments of surprise and the mental confusion which typically accompanies blushing. The book is very notable for being the first book to use photographs as the main way of showing scientific evidence. The field of study is now called "behavioural genetics". One line of evidence he uses is the way many different peoples in different parts of the world have similar facial and emotional reactions. Darwin's basic points were: a single origin for the entire human species, and universal human expressions. Also, there are obvious links between the way human emotions are shown and the way other mammals show their emotions. Our emotional displays are adapted from a more basic set of emotional displays common to many mammals. The emotional displays are inherited, automatic and are difficult to control with our conscious mind. They are operated by the more ancient unconscious mind. Modern research has shown that it is extremely difficult to avoid giving signs of our emotions. A German translation of "The Expression" appeared in 1872; Dutch and French versions followed in 1873 and 1874. A second edition of the book, with only minor alterations, was published in 1890.
Celestine, also known as celestite, is a blue mineral which is the main source of the element strontium. It is found as strontium sulfate (SrSO4), which is commonly used in fireworks and in some metal alloys. Often occuring in crystallized formation, celestine derives its name from the Latin word for celestial, "caelestis".
Dream Market is an online darknet market started in late 2013. Dream Market works on a hidden service of the Tor network. This allows online users to browse anonymously and securely while dodging possible monitoring of traffic. The marketplace sells many things, including drugs, stolen data, and fake goods, using the Bitcoin, BitcoinCash and Monero cryptocurrencies. Dream provides an escrow service, with disputes handled by staff. The market also has forums, hosted on a different URL. After the takeovers and shutdowns of the AlphaBay and Hansa markets in July 2017, there was much speculation that Dream Market would become the main darknet marketplace. Many sellers and buyers from AlphaBay and Hansa communities registered on Dream Market. At the time, Dream Market was reported to have "57,000 listings for drugs and 4,000 listings for opioids". Dream Administrator and vendor Gal Vallerius was arrested in August 2017, after a border search of his laptop confirmed his identity as online drug seller OxyMonster. $500,000 USD in the cryptocurrency Bitcoin was discovered on his laptop. Vallerius is the subject of an continuing investigation about large online narcotics purchases which began in February 2016. Security problems. After the recent seizures of other markets, the accounts of a number of Dream Market vendors came under the control of Dutch law enforcement. As the market remains in operation, and no official statement has been released by Dutch authorities regarding this matter, it is not known how these accounts were compromised, though some researchers suggest that shared credentials are to blame. On September 13th, Dream users reported the loss of funds from their accounts in posts to forums such as reddit. In a post to the markets' news page, Staff later confirmed that a hard drive failure caused the issue and promised to refund the lost funds. The issue has not yet been resolved, and it is not known how many (if any) users have had their prior balance compensated.
The Canadian Shield, also called the Laurentian Plateau (French: ""), is a large area of exposed Precambrian, igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. The geological shield is the ancient geological core of the North American continent (Laurentia, also called the North American Craton). A continuation of the Canadian Shield is in western Greenland to which it was once connected. In the United States, most of the Canadian Shield is covered with much younger rocks and sediment. The Canadian Shield around Hudson Bay is covered with shallow soil. Its main industrial use is mining.
Arnold Richard Hirsch (March 9, 1949 – March 19, 2018) was an American historian. He was born in Rogers Park, Chicago, Illinois. He taught at the University of New Orleans, where he served as Ethel and Herman L. Midlo Endowed Chair for New Orleans Studies. Hirsch published "Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960." Hirsch died on March 19, 2018 of complications from Lewy body dementia in Oak Park, Illinois, aged 69.
Huntington Park is a city in the Gateway Cities district of southeastern Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 54,883. Huntington Park was made in 1906 as a streetcar suburb for workers in the rapidly expanding industries to the southeast of downtown Los Angeles. To this day, about 30% of its residents work at factories in nearby Vernon and Commerce.
Vernon is a city five miles (8.0 km) south of downtown Los Angeles, California. The population was 222 at the 2020 United States Census, the second smallest of any incorporated city in the state (and the nearest to downtown Los Angeles). The city is made of industrial areas and describes itself as "exclusively industrial". Meatpacking plants and warehouses are common. As of 2006, there were no parks in the city.
Commerce is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 12,378 at the 2020 census. It is bordered by Vernon on the west, Los Angeles on the northwest, East Los Angeles on the north, Montebello on the east, Downey and Bell Gardens on the south, and Maywood on the southwest. The Los Angeles River forms part of its southwestern boundary. It is usually referred to as the "City of Commerce" to distinguish it from the common noun.
West Midlands Trains (WMT) is a British train operating company based in Birmingham, England. It operates passenger trains on the West Midlands franchise between London and the West Midlands under two trade names: West Midlands Railway (WMR) (within the West Midlands region) and London Northwestern Railway (LNR) (outside the West Midlands region). The company took over from London Midland on 10 December 2017. It is owned by a consortium of three companies: Abellio, JR East and Mitsui Group. The company provides direct LNWR trains mainly between London and Birmingham, with some trains going to Watford, Tring, Milton Keynes, Crewe and Liverpool. WMR provide direct trains between Birmingham and towns such as Shrewsbury, Rugeley, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Stratford-upon-Avon, Nuneaton, Redditch and Hereford.
The name Novichok is used for a number of chemical compounds that have been used as nerve agents (similar to nerve gas) from the 1970s to at least the 1990s in the Soviet Union. There are 3–5 different substances, all called Novichok. The exact formula of these agents is unknown. The following facts are known or likely: In 2018, former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter were poisoned using Novichok. Novichok was also the agent in the 2018 Amesbury poisonings. It is likely that Alexei Navalny was poisoned using Novichok in 2020.
Ronny Lynn Jackson (born May 4, 1967) is an American politician and medical doctor. He is the U.S. Representative from Texas since 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the Physician to the President, and United States Navy Rear admiral. Jackson was first appointed to the role of physician to the President on July 25, 2013, by Barack Obama, he was re-hired by Donald Trump after his election in 2016. He stepped down from the position on April 28, 2018. On March 28, 2018, President Trump announced his plans to nominate Jackson as United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, replacing David Shulkin. On April 26, 2018, Jackson withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Veterans Affairs. In December 2019, he announced his plans to run for the United States House of Representatives in Texas during the 2020 election. He won the election in November 2020. Early life. Jackson was born Levelland, Texas. He studied at Texas A&amp;M University and at the University of Texas Medical Branch.  Career. Jackson began his active duty naval service in 1995 at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, where he completed his internship in Transitional Medicine.  In 2001, Jackson returned to Portsmouth Naval Medical Center to begin his residency in emergency medicine, finishing at the top of his class and receiving the honor graduate designation. In 2006, while in Iraq, Jackson was selected as a White House physician. Since arriving at the White House, he has directed the Executive Health Care for the President’s Cabinet and Senior Staff, served as physician supervisor for the Camp David Presidential Retreat, held the position of physician to the White House and led the White House Medical Unit as its director. In July 2013, President Barack Obama hired Jackson to be his personal physician. In 2016, President-elect Donald Trump said he would re-hire Jackson to remain as his personal physician as well. He was nominated to the rank of rear admiral (upper half) on March 23, 2018. He resigned from the position on April 28, 201
Victor Mikhailovich Kalashnikov (; 16 July 1942 – 27 March 2018) was a Russian small arms designer. He was known for developing the PP-19 Bizon and AK-74m. He was the son of Mikhail Kalashnikov. He was born in Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union. He began his weapon designing career in 1966 by conducting a series of tests of the AK-47. Kalashnikov died at a university hospital in Izhevsk, Russia on 27 March 2018 at the age of 75.
Peter Munk (November 8, 1927 – March 28, 2018) was a Hungarian-born Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He founded and chaired Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold-mining corporation. Munk was founder, chairman and CEO of Trizec Properties (formerly TrizecHahn Corporation), one of the largest American real estate investment trusts. In 2006, Trizec Properties was sold to Brookfield Properties. Munk died in Toronto on March 28, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 90.
Tatiana Gabriele Maslany (born September 22, 1985) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing multiple roles in the science fiction television series "Orphan Black" (2013–2017) and for her role in "" (2022) in the lead role of Jennifer Walters / She-Hulk. Maslany won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2016. Maslany became the first Canadian actor from a Canadian series to win an Emmy Award in a key dramatic category.
Sir Eric Paul McClintock (13 September 1918 – 27 March 2018) was an Australian former public servant and businessman. He was born in Gulgong, New South Wales. McClintock was known for serving as Chairman of Woolworths Limited from 1980 to 1987. He was a speech writer for future Prime Minister John McEwen, then Minister for Trade, and served as First Assistant Secretary, Department of Trade 1958-61. He was NSW campaign chair for the Australian Prospectors &amp; Miners' Hall of Fame (now defunct). McClintock died in Sydney on 27 March 2018 at the age of 99.
Verónica Fernández Echegaray (born 16 June 1983), known professionally as Verónica Echegui, is a Spanish actress. Echegui has been nominated for three Goya Awards. She is known for her roles in "My Name Is Juani", "My Prison Yard" and "Kathmandu Lullaby".  In 2018, she made her American debut appearing in the FX series "Trust" playing one of J. Paul Getty's girlfriends, Luciana, alongside Donald Sutherland.
Chalo Chatu is an Internet encyclopedia project in the English language that is documenting the entire Zambia only covering historical events and current events, notable public figures, companies, organizations, websites, national monuments and other notable key features of Zambia. The website is free of charge: users do not pay but they can choose to donate to the Chalo Chatu Foundation. It is "open content", this means anyone can copy it. It is also the largest and only online encyclopedia in Zambia. The name Chalo Chatu translated as our world in the Zambian local language. Chalo Chatu was started on June 1, 2016 by Jason Mulikita. Chalo Chatu is owned by a Zambian organization, Chalo Chatu Foundation, which is in Lusaka. History. Chalo Chatu was launched on June 1, 2016. It was launched as an English-language at www.chalochatu.org and has been active since. Chalo Chatu was launched under ther policy of well written, balanced, neutral, and encyclopedic. Using Chalo Chatu. Chalo Chatu is a free site just like Wikipedia that anybody can start or edit a page but for you to edit on Chalo Chatu one has to be a registered and verified user with a website.
Inonge Mutukwa Wina (born April 2, 1941) is a Zambian politician and former Vice President of Zambia from 2015 until 2021. She is the first woman to hold the position in Zambia, making her the highest ranking woman in the history of the Zambian government. Personal life. She was married to Arthur Wina, an independence fighter, former minister and academic who died on 3 September 1995.
Tracheids are long cells in the xylem of vascular plants. They transport water and mineral salts. Tracheids are one of two types of elements in the xylem, vessel elements being the other. Tracheids do not have perforation plates; vessel elements do. These define vascular plants, as opposed to non-vascular plants. All tracheary elements get a thick lignified cell wall. When the plant is mature, the protoplast has broken down and disappeared. Tracheids have two functions. They transport material and provide structural support. The secondary walls have thickenings in various forms: rings, spirals, networks or as extensive thickenings except where there are pits. Tracheids provide most of the structural support in softwoods, where they are the major cell type. Because tracheids have a much larger surface area to volume ratio compared to vessel elements, they hold water against gravity (by adhesion) when transpiration is not occurring. This mechanism helps plants prevent air embolisms. The term "tracheid" was introduced by Carl Sanio in 1863, originally as "Tracheide", in German.
Robert Towne (born Robert Bertram Schwartz; November 23, 1934 – July 1, 2024) was an American screenwriter, producer, director and actor.  Towne was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning original screenplay for Roman Polanski's "Chinatown" (1974). Towne also wrote the sequel, "The Two Jakes" (1990). Towne was also known for his screenplays for "The Last Detail" (1973) and "Shampoo" (1975); and the first two "" movies. Towne directed the sports dramas "Personal Best" (1982) and "Without Limits" (1998), the crime thriller "Tequila Sunrise" (1988), and the romantic crime drama "Ask the Dust" (2006). Towne died on July 1, 2024 at the age of 89, at his home in Los Angeles, California.
Emiliano Mondonico (9 March 1947 – 29 March 2018) was an Italian professional footballer and coach. He played as a winger. In 1966 he was signed by Cremonese, with whom he played one season in Serie D and one season. Mondonico began his managerial career with the Cremonese youth team in 1979. In 1981, he became manager of the senior team. In 1990, he joined Torino, where he won the Mitropa Cup over Pisa and finished in fifth-place in the league during the 1990–91 season. In 2012, Mondonico was fired as head coach by Novara and later retired. Mondonico died on 29 March 2018 from stomach cancer in Milan at the age of 71.
José Hugo Garaycoa Hawkins (2 June 1930 – 27 March 2018) was a Peruvian Roman Catholic bishop. Garaycoa Hawkins was born in Callao, Peru and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961. He served as titular bishop oh Horæa and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima, Peru, from 1982 to 1991. He then served as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tacna y Moquegua, Peru, from 1991 to 2006. Garaycoa Hawkins died on 27 March 2018 in Lima, Peru at the age of 87.
James Clarence Irwin (June 7, 1929 – March 21, 2018) was an American military personnel. He was a retired vice admiral in the United States Coast Guard. He was Vice Commandant from 1986 to 1988. Irwin was born in Des Moines, Iowa. Irwin died on March 21, 2018 of Alzheimer's disease in Chandler, Arizona at the age of 88.
John Willard Vogt (December 28, 1936 – March 21, 2018) was an American engineer and politician. He was born in Lake Wales, Florida. He studied at the University of Florida. He served in the Florida Senate from 1972 to 1988. Vogt was a member of the Democratic Party. Vogt died on March 21, 2018 at the age of 81 from pulmonary fibrosis in Tallahassee, Florida.
Mike Harrison (3 September 1945 – 25 March 2018) was an English musician and singer. He was known as a principal lead singer of Spooky Tooth. He has also been the lead singer in The V.I.P.s, Art and the Hamburg Blues Band, among others. Harrison died in Carlisle, Cumbria on 25 March 2018 at the age of 72.
Eugène Van Roosbroeck (13 May 1928 – 28 March 2018) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He was born in Noorderwijk (Antwerp province). He won a gold medal in team road race at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, together with Lode Wouters and Leon De Lathouwer. Roosbroeck died on 28 March 2018 in Noorderwijk at the age of 89.
Stephen Roy Reinhardt (March 27, 1931 – March 29, 2018) was an American circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit serving from 1980 until his death in 2018. He was the last federal appeals court judge in active service to have been appointed by President Jimmy Carter. He was a Democrat. Reinhardt was born in New York City. Reinhardt died in Los Angeles, California on March 29, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 87.
Melrose Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago, 14 miles by road. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 24,796. The suburb was the home of Kiddieland Amusement Park from 1929 until 2010 (it closed in September 2009 before it was demolished), the Shrine of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, and Stern Pinball, Inc., which is now the world's last manufacturer of coin-operated pinball machines.
Downey is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States, southeast of Los Angeles. It is thought to be part of the Gateway Cities. The city is the birthplace of the Apollo space program, and is the hometown of Richard and Karen Carpenter. It is also the home of the oldest still operational McDonald's restaurant in the world. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 114,355. Downey is sister cities with Guadalajara, Mexico; San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico; Ensenada, Mexico; Fresnillo, Mexico; and Alajuela, Costa Rica.
Elmarie Louise Wendel (November 23, 1928 – July 21, 2018) was an American actress and singer. She was known for her roles as Mrs. Dubcek on "3rd Rock from the Sun" and as Gina, an assembly line worker at the aviation factory on "The George Lopez Show". Wendel died on July 21, 2018 at the age of 89.
Prince Eunjeon (; 14 August 1759 - 26 August 1778) was a royal family member of the Joseon dynasty in Korea. His real name is Yi Chan (). He is an illegitimate son of Crown Prince Sado. His mother is Lady Park Bing-ae, a concubine of Crown Prince Sado. In January 1761, his father killed his mother with a knife, caused by insanity. He was executed at 26 of August in 1778 because of treason.
The oldest dated rocks on Earth are of several different types. 1. There are early rocks recovered from the Moon. This is relevant because the Moon was once part of the Earth: see giant impact hypothesis. During Apollo 16, Lunar sample 67215, dated at 4.46 billion years, was brought back. Lunar sample 67215 is the oldest known rock on Earth, even though it came from the Moon. 2. The oldest material of terrestrial origin that has been dated is a zircon mineral 4.404 ±0.008 billion years old. It was in the Jack Hills of Western Australia. The oldest consistently-dated zircon is closer to 4.35 billion years ago.  3. The oldest rock formation on Earth may be the Acasta Gneiss in the Canadian Shield in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is composed of the Archaean igneous and gneissic cores of ancient mountain chains that have been exposed by glacial action. Again it was dated by analysis of zircons in the rocks.
A supercharger is a device that forces more air into an internal combustion engine. This gives the engine more oxygen to burn fuel, which makes the engine more powerful. Superchargers are powered by the engine itself, usually through a belt connected to the crankshaft. This is different from a turbocharger, which is powered by the engine's exhaust gases. Superchargers have been used since the early days of engines. They were first built in 1878. In the early 20th century, they were used a lot in aircraft engines. They helped engines work better at high altitudes, where the air is thinner. In the 1920s, superchargers started being used in car engines too. There are two main types of superchargers: 1. Positive displacement superchargers: These use spinning rotors to push air into the engine. The most common types are Roots and twin-screw superchargers. 2. Dynamic superchargers: These use a fast-spinning impeller to draw air into the engine. The most common type is the centrifugal supercharger. Superchargers can make an engine much more powerful, but they also use more fuel. They were very popular in high-performance vehicles for many years. However, in recent times, many manufacturers have switched to using turbochargers instead. Turbochargers are more fuel-efficient and can produce more power. Despite being less common now, superchargers are still used in some cars, trucks, and aircraft. They remain an important part of the history of engine technology.