ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Constitution of India is the supreme law in India. A constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. The constitution of India is the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. It is also the longest constitution in the world. Originally, it consisted of 395 Articles arranged under 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. As of 2023, after many amendments it has 470 Articles, 12 schedules, and 25 Parts with 5 appendices and 98 amendments. The original constitution was written on 26 November 1949, and was made the center of law on 26 January 1950.  History. India had to face many problems after independence. Rehabilitating the refugees who migrated from Pakistan, merging the princely states, maintenance of law and order were the major challenges. Sardar Patel successfully achieved the merger of the princely states and provinces with the Union of India. Even the challenge of framing a constitution in order to enable govern the country was also fulfilled.  The recommendations of the Motilal Nehru Committee and the decisions taken by the meeting of National Congress at Karachi prepared for the formation of a Constituent Assembly. The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was conducted on 9th of December, 1946. The next meeting conducted in 11th of December, 1946 under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Participants included Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Sarojini Naidu. Dr. Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, is often called the father of the Indian Constitution.   The Constituent Assembly, which came into existence on 11th of December 1946, had 145 meetings and framed a draft constitution. During these discussions, the various laws proposed by the British Government in 1909, 1919 and 1935, the British Parliamentary system, the American Bill of Rights, the Social Directive Policies of Ireland were studied and some parts of those were written in the Constitution. Finally, the Indian Constitution was approved on 26th of November, 1949 and came into effect on 26th of January, 1950. This day (January 26) is celebrated as the 'Republic Day' in India. Structure. Below is a list of all articles in chronological order of the constitution.
A preamble is an introduction to a document that describes the documents purpose. The word comes from "pre" meaning "before" and "amble" meaning walk. A preamble can contain facts about the document. The preamble of a law is not part of the law but explains its purpose. The preamble of a book is called a "preface". The preamble of a musical composition is a prelude or overture. The preamble of a Wikipedia article walks before the sections, and is called the "lede" or "introduction".  A data packet has a preamble which the system needs but which goes before the data that the user will use.  Example. One of the world's most famous preambles is the one in the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
"Little Things" is the first single off the debut album by pop punk band Good Charlotte called "Good Charlotte". The song is also the first track off the album. The song was released on March 27, 2001 and was re-released in the United Kingdom on March 9, 2009. The song was featured in the movie "Dude, Where's My Car?" and the video game "Project Gotham Racing". Music video. The video features Good Charlotte performing in a high school with the Joel Madden (the lead singer) breaking into the principle's office. Joel then announces over the school's loudspeaker that the song was dedicated to "every kid who ever got picked last in gym class," "every kid who never had a date to no school dance," and "everyone who's ever been called a freak." The video shows the band wreaking havoc on the school. The guitarist Billy Martin plugs the band's sound system into the principle's microphone and they perform with students running out of class to go see them. The video ends with the band rearranging the letters on the school's notice board to spell out the words "GOOD CHARLOTTE." Chart rankings. "Little Things" ranked No. 23 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Modern Rock Tracks
"The Motivation Proclamation" is the second single off the debut album by pop punk band Good Charlotte called "Good Charlotte". The song is also the third track off the album. The song was released on August 7, 2001. Music video. The video features Good Charlotte waking up in a house while they do normal morning rituals (i.e. yawn, eat breakfast, etc.) When they finally set up their music equipment, they start to play but finish the song. The video also features the television show, Undergrads which plays on the TV in the house.
Spaceballs is a 1987 American science fiction comedy movie. It was directed by Mel Brooks. It starred Bill Pullman, John Candy, Mel Brooks and Rick Moranis. Its plot and characters parody the original "Star Wars" trilogy, as well as other sci-fi franchises including "Star Trek", "Alien", and the "Planet of the Apes" movies. Despite mixed reviews at the time of release, the movie has since gained a cult following.
Little Women, or Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy is a book by Louisa May Alcott. Alcott drew on her own childhood experiences with her three sisters when writing the book. They lived in Concord, Massachusetts at Orchard House. Little Women was the book that helped Louisa Alcott become a well-known author. It was not her favorite novel that she wrote. In the year 1994, the book was made in a movie. Alcott’s writing skills were not the best, but she did have a lot of creativity. Her creativity shown through when she opened a school after getting a $40 donation. After she opened the school, she decided to go back to writing. (link One)  The book was originally published in two parts. Part one was called "Little Women". It was published in 1868. Part two was called "Good Wives". Part two followed the girls as they grew up and married. It was published in 1869. Both parts were very successful. Story. The story is about the fictional March sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy. They call their mother Marmee. The story is set during the American Civil War. Their father is serving as a chaplain in the Union Army. Each sister has a flaw. Amy is selfish, Beth is shy, Meg is vain, and Jo is outspoken and tomboy-ish. Their best friend is Laurie, the boy next door. Alcott’s inspiration for Little Women came from her life experiences when she was younger. The setting is in Massachusetts, the state where she grew up. The characters in the story represent her sisters, mother, and herself. Each one was given the same traits/personality as her sisters. The mother was in charge of the household when the father was away. It tells of the hard times that they had growing up and had to overcome. The story takes place during the American Civil War. The sisters learned to grow up faster than they wanted to, so that they could support the family. It was not easy for them. Link 2 Little Women by Alcott is still a popular read across many different generations. It is read by all ages and is an American classic.
Mario Del Monaco (July 27, 1915 - July 16, 1982) was an Italian tenor, particularly associated with Italian heroic roles, notably "Otello". One of the leading "tenore di forza" (dramatic tenor) of the 1950s, he possessed a voice of considerable range and power with a thrilling upper register. Life and career. Born in Florence, Italy, he studied in Pesaro with Melocchi but was mostly self-taught. He began his operatic career in Pesero in 1940, as Turriddu in "Cavalleria rusticana". He then sang widely in Italy and made his debut at La Scala in Milan in 1943, as Rodolfo in "La bohème". After the war, he began to appear outside Italy, Barcelona, London, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, etc. He first sang at the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1950, as des Grieux in "Manon Lescaut". Although mostly associated with the Italian repertoire ("Ernani", "Il trovatore", "La forza del destino", "Aida", "Andrea Chénier", "Tosca", "La fanciulla del West", "Turandot", etc.), he also enjoyed considerable success as Don José in "Carmen" and Samson in "Samson et Dalila". He left several complete opera recordings, often with soprano Renata Tebaldi.  Del Monaco was married to soprano Rina Filippini, who was also his vocal coach. Their son, Giancarlo (b. 1945), is an operatic stage director. Del Monaco died from nephritis in Mestre, near Venice, at the age of 67.
A stadtholder is a political leader or governor who controls a region or area of land for someone else. The title was used in the northern part of Western Europe during the 18th century. It was most commonly used in the areas that now are the countries of Belgium and the Netherlands. A person who ruled many different areas often could not take control of all of them at the same time. To deal with that problem, a stadtholder of an area would be a appointed. That person would act as the ruler for that area. As a viceroy the stadtholder had total control of the area. The stadtholder of the Dutch Republic was in practice a hereditary monarch from the 16th to the 18th centuries. After the Napoleonic Wars, they became kings.
"The Click" is the third single off the debut self-titled album by American punk band Good Charlotte. The song was released in 2001. The song didn't initially appear on the track listing for the "Good Charlotte album" but was later added on the track listing for the Japanese and 2003 rerelease of "Good Charlotte". The song was also the theme song for the television show "" and the band have also been mentioned in numerous episodes and made an appearance in the 12th episode where they played "The Click".
, also known as the Sagami Gulf or Sagami Sea, is an area of the Pacific coastline of the Japanese island of Honshu. The bay is approximately southwest of the capital, Tokyo.  Underwater canyons extend out of Sagami Bay into the Pacific Ocean in a continuous slope called the "Sagami Trough". Major cities on the bay include Odawara, Chigasaki, Fujisawa, Hiratsuka, Ito, and Kamakura. History. The center of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923 was in Sagami Bay.
Microsoft OneDrive (previously Microsoft SkyDrive, Windows Live SkyDrive and Windows Live Folders) is a free file hosting service. It lets users upload files to a cloud storage. The files can be accessed from a Web browser. It was part of the Windows Live range of services. To use the OneDrive service, a user needs a Microsoft account. OneDrive has support for Office Web Apps. It lets users change and make Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote files. The OneDrive client app adds file synchronization and cloud backup features to its device. The app comes bundled with Microsoft Windows and is available for macOS, Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X and S. In addition, Microsoft Office apps directly integrate with OneDrive. Devices. OneDrive is a simple file hosting service, which comes with great advantages because now the users can upload their content from any electronic device. The user can now upload or download their material from any mobile device, from any computer whether it may be Mac or PC it is fast and convenient without having to use any cables to download or upload any data. Storage. Quota.  the service offers 5 GB of free storage for new users. Additional storage is available for purchase. In June 2019, alongside the announcement for the Personal Vault, Microsoft announced that it would increase the OneDrive standalone storage plan from 50 GB to 100 GB at no additional charge, and that it would be giving Office 365 subscribers a new option to add more storage as they need it.
The Watchtower is a magazine produced on a monthly basis by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses as part of their ministry (preaching) work. Its full name is "The Watchtower Announcing Jehovah's Kingdom". "The Watchtower"'s stated aim is to "honor Jehovah God, the Supreme Ruler of the universe". It is the most widely circulated magazine worldwide, and its companion magazine "Awake!" is the second most widely circulated magazine worldwide, according to the article Top 5 World’s Best Magazines. There is also a "Study Edition" of "The Watchtower" that is not distributed to the public. It is used by Jehovah's Witnesses at their weekend meetings.
Cavalleria rusticana is an Italian opera in one act. The music was written by Pietro Mascagni. The story and words (libretto) were written by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci. The opera was based on a play by Giovanni Verga. The opera was first performed in Rome on May 17, 1890. The work marked the start of the verismo style in Italian opera. It is often paired with Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera "Pagliacci" to make a full evening. Both operas are just a little over one hour each. Name: The name means 'rustic chivalry' or 'chivalry of (people in) the countryside'.
Arrietty (called in Japan and The Secret World of Arrietty in North America) is a 2010 Japanese animated fantasy movie directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi, written by Hayao Miyazaki and Keiko Niwa and produced by Studio Ghibli, based on Mary Norton's novel "The Borrowers". The movie is about a young Borrower named Arrietty. The movie stars the voices of Mirai Shida as the titular character, Ryunosuke Kamiki as Sho, and Tatsuya Fujiwara as Spiller. The North American version of the movie was made by Disney, and stars Bridgit Mendler as Arrietty, David Henre as Sho (renamed Shawn), and Moisés Arias as Spiller. It also has Will Arnett as Arrietty's father Pod, and Amy Poehler as her mother Homily.
Haskell is a purely functional programming language. It is named after Haskell Brooks Curry, a U.S. mathematician who contributed a lot to logic. Haskell is based on lambda calculus and uses the Greek letter lambda as its logo. The main implementations are the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC), and Hugs, a Haskell interpreter. Examples. The following is an example Hello World program in Haskell: module Main where main :: IO () main = putStrLn "Hello, World!" One way to create an infinite list of Fibonacci numbers is this: fib n = fibs !! n  where fibs = 0 : 1 : zipWith (+) fibs (tail fibs) Influence. Haskell was influenced by many earlier programming languages. These were Clean, FP, Gofer, Hope and Hope+, Id, ISWIM, KRC, Lisp, Miranda, ML and Standard ML, Orwell, SASL, SISAL, and Scheme. Haskell itself has influenced many later programming languages, such as Agda, Bluespec, C++11/Concepts, C#/LINQ, Cayenne, Clean, Clojure, CoffeeScript, Curry, F#, Isabelle, Java/Generics, Mercury, Perl 6, Python, Scala, Visual Basic 9.0.
The Second Boer War (, or "Tweede Boereoorlog") was a war. It lasted from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902. In the war, the British Empire fought against the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic) and the Orange Free State. Winston Churchill, a newspaper reporter who later became famous, was captured but escaped. At this time, the British made use of concentration camps. This weakened the Boers. It helped the British stop the war from lasting any longer. The British troops won the war. As a result, both republics were annexed to the British Empire. Later, both were eventually incorporated into the Union of South Africa, a dominion of the British Empire, in 1910. The conflict is commonly referred to as The Boer War but it is also known as the South African War outside South Africa, the Anglo-Boer War among most South Africans, and in Afrikaans as the "Anglo-Boereoorlog" or "Tweede Vryheidsoorlog" ("Second War of Liberation" or lit. "Second Freedom War") or the Engelse oorlog (English War). The Second Boer War is a part of what are known as the Boer Wars. These include the lesser known First Boer War that took place from December 1880 to March 1881.
is a small island in Sagami Bay on the Pacific Coast of the Japanese island of Honshu. It is part of Fujisawa in Kanagawa Prefecture. Enoshima has an area of about 0.2 km². It is linked to the mainland by a bridge. The island is at the mouth of the Katase River. In 1927, Enoshima was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.
Louisa May Alcott (; November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) was an American writer. She was born at Germantown, Pennsylvania to Amos Bronson Alcott, a controversial educator. In 1834, the Alcott family moved to Massachusetts, finally settling at Concord. Family friends in the area included Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Early Years. Louisa May Alcott was born on November 29, 1832, in part of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of a teacher. He and his wife helped children. Louisa was the second of four daughters. The family moved to Boston in 1834, where Alcott's father started a school and was friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Louisa's father's opinions on education and hard views on teaching children shaped young Alcott's mind with a desire to do well in life. In 1840, after the school ended, the Alcott family moved to a small house on land next to a river in Concord, Massachusetts. They were happy there.[4] By 1843, the Alcott family moved with some friends to the an area where everyone believed in the same thing from 1843–1844. Louisa's mom had a lot of money and with some help from Ralph Waldo Emerson, they bought land in Concord, Massachusetts. They moved to a house on April 1, 1845. Louisa went to work at an early age. She taught, sewed, and did chores in houses. In 1848, her first book, "Flower Fables", was published. Louisa was taught by Henry David Thoreau and her father. Her father was really hard and taught her to not think about herself. She was also taught by important people like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne. They were friends of her family. She wrote for a paper that tells everyone what is going on. In 1847, she and her family helped on the Under
Sir Gawain is a fictional character in the King Arthur stories. He is one of the most important Knights of the Round Table. His parents are Arthur's sister Morgause (or Anna) and King Lot. He is the main character of "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", a mediaeval fantasy poem. He is said to be Arthur's nephew. he appears very early on in the legend and has been mentioned in very early Welsh sources.
Donna Reed (born Donna Belle Mullenger, January 27, 1921 – January 14, 1986) was an American actress. She was born in Denison, Iowa.  Reed had a major role in "It's a Wonderful Life". She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in "From Here to Eternity". She won a Golden Globe Award for Best TV Star - Female for her central role in "The Donna Reed Show". She died of pancreatic cancer in Beverly Hills, California.
Danny Dyer (born 24 July 1977) is a British actor. He was born in Custom House, London. Dyer had major roles in "Human Traffic", "Borstal Boy", "Goodbye Charlie Bright", "The Football Factory", "The Business", "Severance" and "Outlaw".  Career. Dyer has also acted in theatre and on television, including two episodes each of "The Bill" and "Skins", as well as playing Mick Carter in "EastEnders" (2013–present).
The Courtship of Miles Standish is a long poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was published in October 1858. It sold 25,000 copies in two months.  It tells the story of early New England settlers Miles Standish, John Alden, and Priscilla Mullins. Miles Standish and John Alden are both in love with Priscilla.  It is unknown whether the story was taken from real-life, or if it was an American folk tale. One critic liked some aspects of the poem. He complained about other aspects though. Longfellow wrote the poem in an unfamiliar meter, Greek hexameter, and used medieval words.
Darren Walsh (born 27 December 1984) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the AFL. He was drafted by the Essendon Football Club in the 2002 National draft at pick 27 in the 2nd round. He played two games in his first season with Essendon but ended the season with glandular fever. Walsh was delisted after the 2004 season without having played another game.
Aardman Animations Ltd., also known as Aardman, is a British stop-motion clay animation studio in Bristol, England. It is known for using techniques with the characters Wallace and Gromit modelled in plasticine. It successfully entered the computer animation market with "Flushed Away" (2006). Their stop-motion films are among the highest-grossing stop-motion films of all time. Their debut, "Chicken Run" (2000), is their top-grossing film. It is the highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time. In 1991, Park's short, "Creature Comforts", was the first Aardman production to win an Academy Award. History. 1972–1996. Aardman was founded in 1972 as a low-budget project by Peter Lord and David Sproxton, who wanted to realise their dream of producing an animated motion picture. The partnership provided animated sequences for the BBC series for deaf children "Vision On". The company name originates from the name of their nerdish Superman character in that sequence. The process of using clay animation to produce a segment called "Greeblies" (1975) became the inspiration for creating Morph, a simple clay character. Around the same time, Lord and Sproxton made their first foray into adult animation with the shorts "Down and Out" and "Confessions of a Foyer Girl", entries in the BBC's "Animated Conversations" series using real-life conversations as soundtracks. Aardman also created the title sequence for "The Great Egg Race" and supplied animation for the multiple award-winning music video of Peter Gabriel's song "Sledgehammer". They produced the music video for the song "My Baby Just Cares For Me" by Nina Simone in 1987. Also in the 1980s, they created the trombone-playing character "Douglas" in a television commercial for Lurpak butter. Later Aardman produced a number of shorts for Channel 4, including the "Conversation Pieces" series. These five shorts worked in the same area as the "Animated Conversations" pieces, but were more sophisticated. Lord and Sproxton began hiring
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