ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A gay man is a homosexual man. This means a man who is sexually attracted to other men, and not to women. Gay rights movement. Gay men were involved in the early gay liberation (a movement of homosexuals who want to be treated equally to heterosexuals) movement. Gay liberation is the political and social movements that promote LGBT equality and rights. However, there was conflict between homosexuals and transgender people in the gay right's movement. In the 1970s some homosexual activists wanted the transgender people out of the gay's rights movement. They wanted gay liberation to be accepted by society. They believed transgender people were less accepted by society and might hurt the gay movement. Gay men as parents. Many gay couples want to have children of their own. In order to raise children, they sometimes adopt. However some places do not allow homosexual couples to adopt children, so many of them want to be able to adopt children. Some gay couples also have their own biological children. To do this they may use surrogates. This is when sperm from one father is placed in a female surrogate to make a pregnancy. Some gay men do this with a friend they choose to be the donor. However many may use professional surrogate agencies. These are medical businesses that match couples who need surrogates with women who will carry the child until birth. Law and religion. Unlike lesbian sex between females, gay sex is against the law in many places. Some religions that say nothing about gay female sex but condemn gay sex between men. Abrahamic religions usually see all homosexual relations as immoral. In most parts of the world gay couples cannot marry. This means they do not have the legal benefits and protection of marriage. This can cause gay men, and lesbians, many problems.
Ulugʻbek Qodirov (sometimes spelled Ulugʻbek Kadirov in English), () (born August 3, 1983) is an actor from Uzbekistan.  Early life. Qodirov was born on August 3, 1983, in Tashkent. He graduated from the Art Institute of Uzbekistan. In 2005 he received the "Best Young Actor of the Year" award in Uzbekistan. Ulugʻbek Qodirov got famous in 2009 after starring in the Uzbek drama movie "Shabbona". Today. Today he lives and works in the USA. One of the movies that made him popular was the 2016 movie Baron. This movie was recognized as the movie that made new history in Uzbek cinema. In addition, the movie "Traitor", dedicated to the events in Andijan in 2005, brought a great reputation to him. Filmography. Below is a chronologically ordered list of films in which Ulugbek Qodirov has appeared.
The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus (also called the 1860 Syrian Civil War) was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861, fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians.  The Druze are a religious group that incorporate many beliefs from different religions, there are Druze communities across the world, but large numbers are found in Israel, Lebanon and Syria.  The violence was at the beginning of the conflict targeted at the Maronites, but other Christian groups were targeted as well, such as members of the Greek orthodox church in Damascus. Many Christian villages were destroyed in this war, along with their churches and monasteries. People were forced to abandon their homes and villages and became refugees. Also many people were killed. Historical background. There has been tensions and periods of conflict between the Druzes and Maronites in Mount Lebanon, even before the civil war in 1860 started.  The region in Mount Lebanon was divided in a Christian division and a Druze division, with each having their own governor. This all happened under Ottoman rule. The friction started to grow between the two groups, partly because of the involvement of outside powers. The British supported the Druzes and the French supported the Christians, while the Ottomans wanted to maintain its power all the way. Peasant uprising in 1859. The motivation for the Maronite peasant uprising was driven by economic factors and had a class-related struggle for equality. The publication of caused a reaction among Maronite peasants in Keserwan. It highlighted the social inequality and their low status: along with the daily abuse they endured they got inspired to demand for a stop on their feudal duties. Tanyus Shahin, a Maronite peasant leader, demanded that the feudal class would abolish its privileges. The feudal class refused. This started a revolutionary wave of Lebanese peasants preparing for an armed struggle against the Druzes. As a reaction, Druzes started to arm themselves too. This revolutionary wave eventually started to look like a civil war and ended in a massacre of the Maronite people. 1860 Druze-Maronite
The Battle of Chaldiran (23 August 1514) was fought between the Ottoman Empire of Selim I and the Safavids in the area of Chaldiran in the eastern Anatolian plateau. The Ottomans won and sp the Ottomans took eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq from the Safavids. The loss of Anatolia was a turning point for Safavid history. One feature of the battle was that the Ottomans used  guns and cannons to defeat the cavalry corps. However, the Ottomans led more than twice as many troops as the Safavids, and it said that the difference in troop strength made the difference between victory and defeat. The defeat of the Safavids in the battle destroyed the myth of Islam I's supremacy and had historical significance by switching of the Kurds from belonging the Safavids to belonging to the Ottomans. Kurdish Sheikhs, who had initially accepted Safavid suzerainty, recognized that the power of the Safavid dynasty had begun to wane since Ismail's defeat at Chaldiran and began to assert their independence. Then, Selim I won the loyalty of the Ottomans by providing financial and military support to the Kurdish Sheikhs. Background. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Muslim world was dominated by three major empires. The Ottoman Empire had conquered Constantinople and controlled the Balkans and Anatolia. The Safavid Empire had conquered a large territory under Ismail I and expanded its power in Iran by using Turkic cavalrymen known as the Qizilbash. The Mamluk Sultanate ruled the regions of Egypt, The Levant and Hejaz. A severe threat to the Ottoman Empire was the Safavid dynasty. After the Battle of Chaldiran, the Ottomans would turn their attention to conquering the holy Islamic cities of Mecca and Medina from the Mamluk Sultanate. The Safavids would recover from this defeat and become one of the three major empires of the Islamic world with the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire, the latter of which controlled South Asia. Safavid dynasty. The Safavid dynasty was founded in March
The Arab Maghreb Union (UMA) is a trade agreement aiming for economic and future political unity among Arab countries of the Maghreb in North Africa. It was signed by Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia in February 1989. in April 2024, a tripartite meeting between Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya relaunches a new coalition. facing blocked regional integration.
The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades ) is an armed Palestinian group in the West Bank, formed in 2000. Several countries (Israel, EU, US, Canada, New Zealand, and Japan) class the group as a terrorist organisation. Historical overview. Originated in the West Bank, al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades take their name from the al-Aqsa Mosque, situated in the Muslim holy site of Jerusalem, the Noble Sanctuary, also claimed by Jews as the Temple Mount. After the Oslo Accords with Israel in 1993, the Fatah organization came to be the main authority of Palestine and incorporated the Palestinian Authority. Based in the West Bank and in Gaza Strip, Fatah and its president, Yasser Arafat, decided to switch their armed militias into official security forces. Among the various armed wings, a group of young Fatah members formed the al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades in the 2000, during the Second Intifada.  Support and Leadership. The corruption and inaction of the Fatah and PA coalition created the opportunity for the Brigades to regain the confidence of the Palestinian population.  Palestinians, indeed, shifted their support towards a more radical and violent type of action because of the difficult living conditions and the lack of trust towards the diplomatic process. Indeed, right after the al-Aqsa intifada in 2000, less than the 17% of the population was hopeful for the end of the diplomatic process and the cruelty.  Although, the Brigades did not seek a separation from the Fatah movement, their political violence was threatening the position of Arafat. His popularity decreased, indeed, from 70% in autumn 2001 to 57% at the end of the same year.  Arafat's involvement with the Brigades is controversial: while al-Aqsa Brigades stated their affiliation to him and the Fatah movement, the Brigades also claimed a relative independence. As a member of the AMB stated in an interview:“Fatah frames us, but nevertheless a certain independence exists concerning the decisions to take.”Nonetheless, it is known
The Young Turks was a political reform movement in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries to replace the Ottoman Empire's absolute monarchy with a constitutional government. They led a rebellion against the absolute rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, to restore the 1876 constitution, in the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. They also committed the Armenian genocide.  History. The Young Turks was an opposition movement at the end of the Ottoman Empire that existed in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. Its members aimed to make reforms in politics and culture and wanted to create a new identity that was against the dominant ideology of Ottoman rule. That made them disconnected from the Ottoman regime, and Sultan Abdul Hamid II (r. 1876-1909) repressed the group. Throughout the years, its members built up a resistance inside and outside the empire. The movement was a combination of three groups. Each group had its own critic against the Ottoman regime, which eventually made the groups come together. The first group was a community in exile and traced its origins further back since its members were abroad since the time of the (1860s and 1870s). The second group was a squad of Ottoman students. The last group was a collaboration of dissatisfied army officers. The many members in the movement had an urban and literary character. Their Western style of education led them to a scientific view. Learning the French language had opened them doors to modern ideas. Their members received an influence from some well-known thinkers from France and so came up with conflicting ideas against the current regime. In the end, they focused on replacing the old structure of the empire with their new approach. Three groups. Young Ottomans in exile. The first group had been abroad since the period of the , when a group of young Ottoman intellectuals was formed in 1867 to criticize the development of the empire. They went quickly to Europe to escape the harsh policy of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. They got their education in the new Western types of schools, which allowed them to see things from a different view. For example, they criticized the Tanzimat period of reforms (1839-1876), which they thought simply
The Young Turk Revolution was a constitutionalist revolution in July 1908 in the Ottoman Empire that was carried out by the Young Turks in the Committee for Unity and Progress. They forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Constitution of 1876.
The 1960 Turkish Coup d'état was the first ever attack on the Turkish democracy, which took place on May 27th 1960. The coup which took place at a time of political and economic unrest, was led by a group of young Turkish military officers who were acting outside the interest of the government. The coup was led by the military officer Colonel Alparslan Türkes who was a member of the junta (National Unity Committee) and had been one of the first officers trained by the US in 1948 to from a stay-behind counter-guerrilla. The coup was carried out against the ruling Democratic Party led by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Eventually, on May 27th the military overcame the government and the prime minister and president were tried for reason and ultimately resulted in the execution of Menderes. 1960 Turkish coup d'état. Background. Kemal Mustafa, better known as Ataturk, was president of Turkey from the founding of his political party that ruled under a single party system, the Republican People's Party (RPP), in 1923 until his death in 1938. Still, after Ataturk’s death, the RPP kept its hold over the government. The RPP continued in power but did not actually fulfill its promises, therefore Turkish people became discontent with Ataturk’s authoritarian regime and were ready to embrace political change. In that context the elections of 1950 played a key role in Turkey's democracy. The political tide changed when the Democratic Party (DP) took the lead not only in the elections but also in popular acceptance. This popular acceptance towards the DP came from their representation including rural citizens in comparison to the elite that governed through the RPP's government. The 1950 elections were also the first free elections that had been held in Turkey, and thus it would bring a democratically chosen government into power after years of Ataturk's and the RPP's regime in office. The DP won the elections, placing Adnan Menderes as Prime Minister. Coup d'etat. Parties involved. The actors who were involved in the coup d’etat in opposition to the Democratic
1980 Turkish coup d’état is the third coup in the history of Republic of Turkey led by Kenan Evren, which overthrew the 1980 government of Turkey. Before the 1980 coup d'état, there were two other coups carried out in 1960 and 1971. The coup d’état of 1971 and 1980 took place due to similar motivations as they aimed to fix the country’s economic and political problems. The political problems specifically included political instability caused by the violence between left- and right-wing political groups. However, the political violence between left- and right-wing political groups was only lightened after the coup of 1980. Both of the economic and political issues that motivated the coup were believed to be caused mostly by Ecevit's regime. In addition to the internal economic and political issues in Turkey between 1970-1980, there were also external actors like U.S. who were believed to intervene in the 1980's coup's process. On 12th September 1980, the coup was carried out. As the consequence of the coup, martial law was declared and Kenan Evren became the new president of Republic of Turkey. In the aftermath of the coup, large scales of human rights violations were carried out. These violations were later on discussed within the international arena. Before the Coup. Political Instability. The political problems that motivated the coup was due to the political instability in Turkey between the period of 1970-1980. The political instability was shaped by the violence between left- and right-wing political groups and therefore the coup aimed to ease the violence between these groups. The army's stance, which carried out the coup, towards this political violence was more in support of the reduction of the left wing ideology and groups. There were two reasons regarding why the army was in support of right wing groups more, compared to their support for left-wing groups. The first reason was due to the unpopularity of communist ideology among the Turkish army. The army that carried out the coup was characterized by nationalist ideology. Therefore, communism was seen as a factor endangering this national unity, and thus the notion of nationalism,
The 1971 Turkish military memorandum, issued on 12 March that year, was the second military intervention to take place in the Republic of Turkey. With these event 32th Turkish Goverment with Süleyman Demirel’s leadership has resign and important parts in 1961 constitution has been changed. With these event Turkish radical left revolt leader Deniz Gezmiş was executed.
Sheikh Jarrah is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It is to the north of the Old City of Jerusalem and to the east of the Nablus Road, one of the ancient passageways into the Old City. This puts it incredibly close to the many holy sites that are contained within the walls of the Old City, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Western Wall, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The neighbourhood is mostly inhabited by Palestinians and is one of the wealthiest Palestinian neighbourhoods in Jerusalem. According to international law, Sheikh Jarrah, along with East Jerusalem, is considered to be part of the Palestinian Occupied Territories (POT). However, since its annexation in 1967 and Israel's expansion into the Palestinian Territories, the area functions under Israeli governance and law. Combined with its pre-existing political and social importance, this neighbourhood has been turned into 'the eye of [the] storm' of Israeli-Palestinian land disputes in East Jerusalem and across the POT. History. Sheikh Jarrah is in the east of Jerusalem and its name is thought to refer to the personal doctor of Saladin, leader of the Muslim armies who captured Jerusalem from Christian crusaders in 1187. The doctor is then believed to have settled in the area of modern-day Sheikh Jarrah, giving it his name. Since the time of the Ottomans, the neighbourhood has been one of the major diplomatic centres of the city of Jerusalem. It was in Sheikh Jarrah, at the American Colony Hotel, that the Ottoman mayor of the city, Hussein al-Husseini, announced the surrender of the city to the British in 1917 during the First World War, signifying its importance on an international level. This international importance has continued throughout the last century, with the establishment of multiple consulates and diplomatic missions, earning it the name of 'The District of Embassies'. The area had a mixed population (made up of Muslims, Jews and Christians) while the Ottoman Empire ruled Jerusalem. But when the city came under the control of the British in Mandatory Palestine after the First World War, combined with the rise of Zionism and antisemitic persecution in Europe in places such as Russia,
The reticulated humming frog ("Chiasmocleis royi") is a frog that lives in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. They sometimes live with tarantula spiders. Home. This frog lives in forests. People have seen this frog between 200 and 530 meters above sea level. Scientists think it hatches out of its egg as a tadpole and not a small frog. Tarantulas. Scientists have seen this frog living in the same burrows or holes in trees as tarantula spiders in the genus "Pamphobeteus". The spiders eat other frogs but not reticulated humming frogs. Scientists have seen the frogs and the spiders coming out of the same burrows to look for food at night. Scientists think the tarantulas use chemicals to tell which frog is which. They have seen young tarantulas catch and pick up small reticulated humming frogs. They catch them the same way they catch frogs that they will eat. But the tarantulas only touch the reticulated humming frogs with their mouths. Then they put them back down without biting them. Microhylid frogs, like the reticulated humming frog, make chemicals in their skin that taste bad. Scientists think this might be why the frogs and spiders started living together. Scientists do not know whether the reticulated humming frog and the tarantula both help each other or whether the tarantula helps the frog but not the other way around. The frog lives in the tarantula burrow, where it is safe from drying out during the day. Other animals that would eat the frog stay away from the tarantulas. However, scientists think the reticulated humming frog might help the tarantula too. They have seen parasite fly larvae on young tarantulas. They think the frog might help the tarantulas by eating flies that try to get into the burrow. Other frogs and tarantulas that live far from South America also live together like this. For example, there are frogs and tarantulas in Sri Lanka that live together this way. Scientists think this relationship evolved more than once. Danger. Scientists believe this frog is in not danger of dying out because it lives
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was considered an important part of the economy. To control their ownership of slaves, the Ottomans followed the Islamic view of human bondage. They saw themselves as the protectors of the religion while Mecca and Medina were under their protection. And the sultan was seen as a successor to the prophet. In this sense and according to Hanafi Islamic law, a person can have ownership of another, which entitles the owner to the slave' labor, property and sexuality while restricting his freedoms. However, a Muslim cannot be enslaved and if a slave follows Islam, he is to be freed. These rules were introduced in the empire's laws. The Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was considered an important and big part of the empire's society. It was estimated that twenty percent of the residence during the 16th century were slaves. The Ottomans tied their economy tightly to owning slaves. Since it was a large country, the vast work they needed required more workers. For this reason they needed slaves to help them with different tasks. Tasks. Slaves had different tasks. Some of them were domestic slaves who helped raise children and do household chores. Others had menial jobs. Others were sex workers. Some of the empire's officials were purchased as slaves who grew up as free citizens. History. The official prohibition of slavery took place in the second half of the 19th century, but the practice continued into the 20th century. The start of the slavery. Slavery began in the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century when Sultan Murad I built an army of slaves from prisoners of war called Kapıkulu. The sultan was in full control of them and trained them where necessary. Sultan Mehmed II established the first slave market in Constantinople in the 1460s, called Yessir. The markets then spread widely in most towns and cities of the empire. The empire followed the pencik method (pencik from Persian labor stylo means five and yek means one) in which the state takes a fifth of the raiding captives. It has also been linked to a tax system and title deed The footrest system has been changed for reasons that are
Fatback is a type of meat from a pig. It is made from the fat under the skin on the back of the pig. It can be served with or without the skin still on the fat. Fatback is "hard fat" and is different than the soft fat found belly of pig. Like other types of pig fat, it can be made into lard if it is processed. Fatback can be used to make salt pork, and it is used to make sausages or as an ingredient in many dishes. Use. Fatback is a traditional part of southern US cuisine, soul food and the traditional cuisine of Quebec. In Quebec, it is used for fried pork rinds, which is also called cracklings. Fatback is used to flavor boiled vegetables such as leaf vegetables, green beans, and black-eyed peas. Fat back can be fried, coated with breadcrumbs and fried or cooked in many other ways. Fatback has been used for hundreds of years or more in almost every country where they eat pork. Each country has their own special dishes that use it.