ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
United Airlines Flight 93 was an airline flight that, on September 11, 2001, was hijacked and crashed on purpose. On that day, the flight was to fly from Newark International Airport (later renamed Newark Liberty International Airport), in Newark, New Jersey, USA to San Francisco International Airport. The aircraft was hijacked by four men as part of the al-Qaeda organized attack on the United States on September 11, 2001. Soon after the flight took off, the hijackers entered the cockpit and overpowered the pilots. They took control of the aircraft and flew it toward Washington, D.C. Several passengers and crew members made telephone calls aboard the flight and learned about the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The passengers then decided to attack the hijackers and retake the aircraft. The hijackers crashed the plane in a field to prevent the passengers from succeeding in breaching the cockpit door just outside Shanksville, Pennsylvania, about northwest of Washington, D.C., killing all crew members and passengers. An investigation determined that the actions of the passengers on board had prevented the hijackers from reaching Washington, D.C. Flight. On September 11, 2001, United Airlines flight 93 was a scheduled morning flight from Newark to San Francisco. The aircraft for the flight was a Boeing 757. The aircraft could carry 182 passengers; but the flight had 37 passengers and 7 crew members, which was low. Hijackers. The hijackers were led by Ziad Jarrah, a member of al-Qaeda. Jarrah was born in Lebanon. He moved to Germany in 1996, enrolling at the University of Greifswald to study German. He also started dating a German-Turkish dental student named Aysel Sengün. A year later, he moved to Hamburg, Germany and began studying aeronautical engineering at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences. While living in Hamburg, Jarrah became involved with a group of radical Islamic terrorists. This group was known as the "Hamburg Cell." In November 1999, Jarrah left for Afghanistan, where he spent three months. In Afghanistan in January 2000, he met with al-Qaeda leader Osama
Mirza Ghalib born Mirza Beg Asadullah Khan , pen-name Ghalib "ġhālib" means "dominant") and Asad "Asad" means "lion") (27 December 1796 — 15 February 1869), was a great classical Urdu and Persian poet of India. Most notably, he wrote several ghazals during his life, which have since been interpreted and sung in many different ways by different people. He is considered to be the most popular and influential poet of the Urdu language. Early life. He was born in 1796 in Agra, India (then under the rule of the Mughal Empire). His father was Mirza Abdullah Beg Khan and his uncle was Mirza Nasrullah Beg Khan. His father Mirza Abdullah Beg Khan was an important Mughal noble who was prominent in the Mughal court. Mirza Ghalib become orphaned when he was just 5 years old. He lived with his uncle for 4 years, when his uncle too died.  He started saying sher in Agra itself. He married the daughter of Nawab Ilahi Baksh 'Maaroof' and therefore moved to Delhi, India. In Delhi he devoted his full concentration to poetry. Soon he mastered the Persian language. So that no one should call him be-ustad ( without a teacher) he fabricated a story that he had an Iranian teacher Abdul Samad who lived in house for two years to teach him Farsi. Ghalib was always proud of his Farsi poetry but he is known more by his Urdu prose and poetry. Later life. He always lived his life lacking money. After 1857 the support from the Royal durbar stopped. The pension from the British Government was stopped because he was suspected of supporting the rebels. He even travelled to Calcutta to restart the pension but to no avail. He went to the Nawab of Rampur, who promised him Rupees 200 if he lived in Rampur and Rs. 100 if he lived anywhere else. His pension was resumed 3 years after that, but all that money was used up for paying old debts. Ghalib died
Saare Jahan se Achcha is a poem. It was re-written in 1931. It became a symbol of resistance to the English rule of British-occupied India. The poem exists in different versions. Saare Jahan Se Achchha () is one of the enduring patriotic poems of the Urdu language. Written originally for children in the ghazal style of Urdu poetry by poet Muhammad Iqbal, the poem was published in the weekly journal Ittehad on 14 August 1931. Recited by Iqbal the following year at Government College, Lahore, now in Pakistan, it quickly became an anthem of opposition to the British rule in India. Urdu text Hindi Roman Transliteration "sāre jahāñ se achchā hindustan hamārā" "ham bulbuleñ haiñ us kī vuh gulsitāñ hamārā" "ġhurbat meñ hoñ agar ham, rahtā hai dil vat̤an meñ" "samjho vuhīñ hameñ bhī dil ho jahāñ hamārā" "parbat vuh sab se ūñchā, hamsāyah āsmāñ kā" "vuh santarī hamārā, vuh pāsbāñ hamārā" "godī meñ kheltī haiñ jis kī hazāroñ nadiyāñ" "gulshan hai jin ke dam se rashk-e janāñ hamārā" "ay āb-rūd-e Ganga! vuh din haiñ yād tujh ko?" "utarā tire kināre jab kāravāñ hamārā" "mażhab nahīñ sikhātā āpas meñ bair rakhnā" "Hindi haiñ ham, vat̤an hai hindustāñ hamārā" "yūnān-o-miṣr-o-rumā sab miṭ gaʾe jahāñ se"
ECAC Lacrosse, in full the ECAC Lacrosse League, was an American college sports conference that only played men's lacrosse. The conference, a member of NCAA Division I, was founded in 1999 with play beginning in 2000 (both events were in the same school year). The conference started with six members, and grew to as many as 10 schools. In its final years, it went through many membership changes; the biggest ones were: ECAC Lacrosse disbanded after the 2014 season. This came after the Big Ten Conference, home to two of the final five members, said it would start a men's lacrosse league in the 2015 season. Two of the other three final members soon announced moves to other conferences. Members. Final members. These schools were members in the league's last season of 2014. Because NCAA lacrosse is a spring sport, the year of joining is the calendar year before the first season of play.  Other members. These schools left ECAC Lacrosse before 2014. As in the previous table, the year of joining is the calendar year before the first season of play.
The Great Western Lacrosse League was a group of colleges and universities that played men's lacrosse against one another from 1984 to 2009. The conference disbanded after Notre Dame left when its main conference, the Big East, started a men's lacrosse league. The remaining five members joined ECAC Lacrosse. The final membership was:
The nightingale ("Luscinia megarhynchos") is a small bird. It used to be put in the thrush family Turdidae. Now it is put on the Old World flycatchers, a group often called the chats or chat-thrushes. Its resemblance to thrushes is an example of convergent evolution. It is a migratory insectivorous species. It breeds in forests and scrubs in Europe and south-west Asia. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related thrush nightingale "Luscinia luscinia". It nests on the ground in or next to dense bushes. It passes the winter southern Africa. Studies have shown that nightingales seem to choose places to breed that meet certain criteria (Wink 1973): The Nightingale is slightly larger than the robin, at around 15-16.5 cm length. It is plain brown above except for the reddish tail. It is buff to white below. Sexes are similar. Nightingales are named so because they frequently sing at night as well as during the day. The name has been used for well over 1,000 years, being highly recognizable even in its Anglo-Saxon form - 'nihtingale'. It means 'night songstress'. Early writers assumed the female sang; in fact, it is the male.  The song is loud, with an impressive range of whistles, trills and gurgles. Its song is particularly noticeable at night because few other birds are singing. This is why its name (in several languages) includes "night". Only unpaired males sing regularly at night, and nocturnal song is likely to serve attracting a mate. Singing at dawn, during the hour before sunrise, is assumed to be important in defending the bird's territory. Nightingales sing even more loudly in urban or near-urban environments, in order to overcome the background noise. The most characteristic feature of the song is a loud whistling crescendo, absent from the song of thrush nightingale. It has a frog-like alarm call.
is a media franchise owned by The Pokémon Company. It is based on the concept of hatching, catching, playing with, staying with, befriending, defending, raising, trading, training and battling with hundreds of different monsters. The concept was made by Satoshi Tajiri, "Pokémon"'s creator. "Pokémon" is represented in many types of media, most famously video games, a still-running anime series, manga, and a trading card game. There are eight regions in the Pokémon games. Although there are 1025 different Pokémon, most people will know of the mascot of the company, an electric Pokémon known as Pikachu. The video games have sold more copies than every other series except Nintendo's "Mario" series. Video games. A number of "Pokémon" games have been released, mostly on Nintendo systems, with the exception of Pokémon GO as The Pokémon Company is owned by Nintendo. Most games are based on catching, training and battling Pokémon, and the player is a Pokémon trainer who does all these things. There are a number of aspects to the games. In the games, you can obtain one of three Pokémon from a Pokémon professor depending on the region. These Pokémon are called first partner Pokémon/starter Pokémon. All three of each regions starter Pokémon are Grass, Fire, and Water types. In the games, Pokémon are monsters that trainers catch (using various types of capture devices known as Poké Balls), train, battle, collect, and trade with each other. As of the ninth generation, there are 1013 of them. One of the most popular Pokémon in competitive battling is Mega Kangaskhan, because of its ability to hit the target twice with each move. Another Pokémon game is the famous Pokémon GO that can be played only on touch phones. It has a big difference from the other games but its basics are the same. This game uses Augmented Reality and the phone's GPS to give the player a very real sense of play. People walk around their neighbourhoods, explore new places and catch Pokémon which can be captured along with your surrounding environment by using the phone's camera. People can also go to special places or landmarks where there would be Poké Stops and Gyms which can
Pokémon (abbreviated from ) is a Japanese anime children's television series. It is part of the "Pokémon" media franchise which is owned by Nintendo. It has been brought to many other places, including North America, Europe, and Australia. The United States dub was originally made by 4Kids Entertainment; starting in 2006 the dub has been made by Pokémon USA. Not long after "Pokémon Red and Blue" (the first "Pokémon" video games outside of Japan) were released, the anime was created. It was first broadcast in Japan in early 1997, and in the United States in late 1998. The anime started what has been called "Pokémania", which meant that after the anime came out, it became very popular among children, and many parents assumed it was a fad and no one would care about it in a couple years. However, it was never cancelled, and it is still running, and continues to maintain a fanbase consisting of people of all ages. The anime shows the adventures of Ash Ketchum, a 10-year-old Pokémon trainer and his partner pikachu, who has many adventures, meeting many new people and Pokémon, Ash then leaves the anime and Pokémon Horizons then follows Liko and Roy who also go on adventures to meet people and Pokémon. Pokémon Horizons will release in Australia on 9Go! on February 27th 2024. A number of "Pokémon" films have also been made that relate to the anime. The first one was "" (released on 1998 in Japan and on 1999 in North America). They are still being made. There are various bad guys in Pokémon like Team Rocket. Seasons. "Pokémon Horizons" (Series 9). • Pokémon Horizons
is a video game series made by Shigeru Miyamoto and owned by Nintendo. It stars a gorilla called Donkey Kong.
is a fantasy video game series made by HAL Laboratory and Nintendo. It was created by Masahiro Sakurai. The games are about Kirby, who can fly and eat enemies. When he swallows enemies he will almost always acquire their power. In Kirby games, it's called a "Copy Ability". For now, in the whole series, 68 copy abilities have appeared.  Most of the games are platform games, but there are games of other genres. History. The first Kirby game was Kirby's Dream Land, made in 1992 for the Game Boy. It had a small set of levels that each introduced Kirby and the enemy characters. King Dedede was the villain fought at the end of the game. The second Kirby game was Kirby's Adventure, made for the NES. It had many worlds, and each world had its own set of levels. Kirby's Adventure introduced Kirby's power to copy the powers of the enemies he eats. It was the first Kirby game to show Kirby in a pink color. Kirby's Dream Land 2 brought some of Kirby's copy abilities to the Game Boy, as well as a set of worlds like in Kirby's Adventure. Kirby's Dream Land 3, made for the SNES, also used these parts of the game, in a new story. let the player mix the copy abilities together to make new powers for Kirby to use. More Kirby games were made for handheld game consoles: Kirby &amp; the Amazing Mirror for the Game Boy Advance, and for the Nintendo DS. They gave Kirby a large set of copy abilities, like in Kirby's Adventure. Kirby's Return to Dream Land was made in 2011 for the Wii. It showed the modern look of the characters.
Ace Attorney, known as in Japan, is a video game series made by Capcom, with games released on the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo 3DS. The series is a visual novel style courtroom drama where a rookie defense attorney must get their falsely accused client a not guilty verdict and find the true culprit. Games. The first "Ace Attorney" game was released in Japan in 2001. The game, " was made for the Game Boy Advance. In 2005, the game was released outside of Japan for the first time. This was with a Nintendo DS version of the game. Right now, the series has six main games and five spin-off games.
Oruchuban Ebichu (also known as ) is an anime. It was made by the Japanese animaion studio Gainax. The anime is based on the 1990 manga by Risa Itō. In 1990 to 2007, the manga was published in the magazine Giga&amp;chan (ギガ/Shan). It was published in the magazine ACTION PIZAZZ (アクションピザッツ) in 2007 and 2008. After 1999, The manga was published in book form. In 1999, it was shown on Television on DirecTV). Plot. this story is about a housekeeper hamster named Ebichu and her master, Gosujinjama, who she calls Office Lady (OL). The name Ebichu comes from the Japanese beer "Yebisu". Ebichu is a hamster. She is a faithful and very good housekeeper. She often does not have any tact. This often leads to her being abused by OL. Gosujinjama is 25 years old (29 in the manga). She has a bad temper.
is a comedy manga made by Koushi Rikudou. There's also an anime.
Kirby Super Star Ultra is a remake of "Kirby Super Star", a collection of side-scrolling platform video games for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was made for Kirby's 15th anniversary. The game was released for the Nintendo DS in 2008. Game modes and plot. "Kirby Super Star Ultra" has every game that the original "Kirby Super Star" has, along with new games. The original games are: The new games are:
HAL Laboratory, Inc. is a video game developer and a second party to Nintendo. They are best known for developing the "Kirby" series and the "Super Smash Bros." series. They also develop the "BoxBoy!" series.
Rosario Isabel Dawson (born May 9, 1979) is an American actress. Her first movie was "Kids" in 1995. Since then, she has become known for her roles in "Men in Black II" (2002), "25th Hour" (2002), "The Rundown" (2003), "Alexander" (2004), "Sin City" (2005), "Death Proof" (2007), "Eagle Eye" (2008), "Unstoppable" (2010), "César Chávez" (2013), "Trance" (2013), "The Lego Batman Movie" (2017) and "" (2019). She also plays Ahsoka Tano in the Disney+ "Star Wars" series "The Mandalorian and Ahsoka". Dawson endorsed Barack Obama for re-election in 2012, and Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination in the 2016 and 2020 presidential primaries.  She dated U.S. Senator Cory Booker from 2019 until 2022. Dawson adopted a 12-year-old girl in 2014. In February 2020, Dawson publicly came out as a member of the LGBT community.
The Age is a newspaper made in Melbourne, Australia. It is owned by an Australian company called Nine, and its first edition was on 17 October 1854. The newspaper was first made by John and Henry Cooke. They also had a merchant business called Francis Cooke and Co.. They said they would use the newspaper to help miners in the Australian Gold Rush. The newspaper has become very popular since then. According to its website, it gets up to 957,000 on Saturdays. The editor, Andrew Jaspan, who got the job in 2004, got in trouble in 2008 when "The Age" journalists agreed that he had been making it hard for them to make news reports independently. In 2023, Patrick Elligett was appointed as Editor.
MINIX is a Unix-like computer operating system based on a microkernel architecture. Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the operating system so it could be used for educational purposes; MINIX also helped Linus Torvalds design the Linux kernel. Its name comes from the words "minimal" and "Unix". Released under the BSD license, MINIX is free and open source. History. Andrew S. Tanenbaum created MINIX at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. MINIX 3. MINIX 3 was announced to the public on 24 October 2005 by Andrew Tanenbaum during his speech on top of the ACM Symposium Operating System Principles conference. MINIX 3 currently supports only IA-32 architecture PC systems. It has a Live CD format that lets it be used on a computer without installing it. Version 3.1.2 was released 8 May 2006. It contains X11, emacs, vi, cc, gcc, perl, python, ash, bash, zsh, ftp, ssh, telnet, pine, and over 400 other common UNIX programs. With the addition of X11, this version starts the change from a Text-Only System. MINIX and Linux. The design principles Tanenbaum applied to MINIX had influenced the design decisions Linus Torvalds applied in the creation of the Linux kernel. Torvalds used and appreciated MINIX, but his design was different from the MINIX architecture in significant ways, most notably by employing a monolithic kernel instead of a microkernel. This was famously disapproved by Tanenbaum in the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate. (Tanenbaum explained again his rationale for using a microkernel in May 2006.) Linux being copied from MINIX. In May 2004 Kenneth Brown of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution raised the accusation that major parts of the Linux kernel had been copied from MINIX, in a book called "Samizdat". These accusations were rejected by Andrew Tanenbaum, who said that Kenneth Brown was very wrong and published a long rebuttal on his personal website. Licensing. Its licensing fee was very small ($69) compared to the ones
Causality is a way to describe how different events relate to one another. Suppose there are two events "A" and "B". If "B" happens because "A" happened, then people say that A "is the cause" of B, or that B "is the effect of" A. Causality in Philosophy. Aristotle. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. He looked at the problem of causality. In his books "Posterior analytics" and "Metaphysics" he wrote: This can be used to explain causality. Aristotle found different kinds of causes: Aristotle told people of two types of causes: proper (prior) causes and accidental (chance) causes. Both types of causes, can be spoken as potential or as actual, particular or generic. The same language refers to the effects of causes; so that generic effects assigned to generic causes, particular effects to particular causes, and operating causes to actual effects. It is also essential that ontological causality does not suggest the temporal relation of before and after - between the cause and the effect; that spontaneity (in nature) and chance (in the sphere of moral actions) are among the causes of effects belonging to the efficient causation, and that no incidental, spontaneous, or chance cause can be prior to a proper, real, or underlying cause "per se". All investigations of causality coming later in history will consist in imposing a favorite hierarchy on the order (priority) of causes; such as "final &gt; efficient &gt; material &gt; formal" (Aquinas), or in restricting all causality to the material and efficient causes or, to the efficient causality (deterministic or chance), or just to regular sequences and correlations of natural phenomena (the natural sciences describing "how" things happen rather than asking "why" they happen). David Hume. David Hume was another philosopher who looked at the relation between cause and effect. Hume thinks that there are certain things all such relations of cause and effect have in common.: Hume says that if someone is used to always seeing the same things occur in the same order, he will get accustomed to them being in that order. When he
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a Muslim poet and philosopher. Allama Iqbal gave the idea of Pakistan. He became the national poet of Pakistan after his death. He is also known as the poet of East. He wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. His poetry is considered to be revolutionary. His vision of an independent state for the Muslims of British India was a starting point for the creation of Pakistan. He is commonly referred to as Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Early life and education. Muhammad Iqbal was born on 9 November 1877. His father was Sheikh Noor Muhammad, who worked in a small government job but later started his own business, and his mother was Imam Bibi. Both Allama Iqbal's mother and father were very pious and religious-minded people and devoted to a simple life. After early Islamic education and then secondary at a small school in Sialkot, Iqbal was admitted to the Scottish Murray College, Sialkot, where he topped the higher secondary examinations and got a scholarship to study at the famous Government College, Lahore, for BA. On going to live in the hostel there, Iqbal met Professor Arnold, an English teacher who taught many things to Iqbal and guided him in his studies of philosophy and literature. He was very young at that time. Early career. Iqbal became well known as a new poet and writer. He used to go to attend the 'Mushaira' at the haveli of Hakim Syed Aminuddin, in BhaatiGate area of Old Lahore city—here, he met many famous poets and writers and began to write good poems which became very popular. He was guided by Mirza Dagh. His first famous poem, "Koh i Himala" was also printed in Makhzan magazine, owned by Hakim Shuja uddin and Sir Abdul Qadir After doing his BA and MA from Government College, Lahore, Iqbal was appointed a professor there. In 1905, he was selected for