ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The free software movement is a software movement which aims to improve the user's rights on software and reducing proprietary (non-free) software through the use of operating systems such as Ubuntu. The movement is generally signified through open source software such as Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, FileZilla and open source operating systems such as Linux and ReactOS. The movement is against non-free software that restricts the user's rights. Examples of non-free software include Microsoft Windows, Adobe Acrobat and UltraEdit. The word 'free' is ambiguous in English. Here, it means 'free as in freedom', not 'free as a gift'. "It does not mean that the software is available at no cost". An example is, "think of free speech, not free beer."
Mount Chimborazo is a mountain and an extinct volcano in Ecuador. Its last eruption is thought to have been over a thousand years ago. The top of Mount Chimborazo is the farthest away from the centre of the Earth as is possible to get on land. Although Mount Everest is higher, Chimborazo is farther from Earth's center because the earth bulges at the equator.
OpenOffice Draw is a vector graphics editor and is part of the OpenOffice office suite. It has "connectors" between shapes, that are available in many types of line styles and allow people to build drawings such as flowchart. It also includes many features found in desktop publishing software. OpenOffice users can also install the Open Clip Art Library, which adds a lot of flags, logos, icons and banners for general presentation and drawing projects. Linux distributions Debian and Ubuntu also have ready-to-use "openclipart" packages for easy download and install from their online software repositories. Released under the terms of the Apache License, Draw is free software.
OpenOffice Math is a tool for creating and editing mathematical formulas, similar to Microsoft Equation Editor and is part of the OpenOffice office suite. The created formulas can then be put into other OpenOffice.org documents, for example, those created by Writer. It allows multiple fonts and can export to PDF. Released under the terms of the Apache License, Math is free software.
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process where a fluid becomes warmer or cooler without getting heat from, or giving it to, something else. Usually the temperature instead changes because of changes in pressure. Adiabatic cooling is the usual cause of clouds. When warm, humid air rises due to convection or other cause, water condenses to make clouds, and in some cases precipitation. Convection also causes cold air to sink. This warms it adiabatically, often destroying a cloud and sometimes causing any precipitation to evaporate before hitting the ground. Description. If we take some fluids in an insulated system and expand or compress the system very fast, the system won't be able to gain or loose any heat (from outside of the system). (In reality, you can't get a perfectly insulated system. But in some cases, the heat transfer is so low that we can call them adiabatic process.) From the first law of thermodynamics, we know that, formula_1 Here, formula_2 is the change of internal energy; formula_3 is the change of heat and formula_4 is the change of work. Since there occurs no heat transfer in adiabatic process, the formula_3 becomes 0. So, for adiabatic process, the equation is, formula_6 Again, we know that formula_7.(formula_8;formula_9; formula_10; so, formula_7) Here, formula_12 is volume; formula_13 is force; formula_14 is pressure; formula_15 is the area and formula_16 is the distance. So, the equation stands as, formula_17 Which means, by doing work (changing volume), one can change the internal energy (and so the temperature) in a adiabatic process. Adiabatic process for ideal gas (for reversible adiabatic process). In the case of Adiabatic process (see the upper section),  formula_18 Again, in constant volume, the heat capacity of one mole gas is,   formula_19 Here, formula_20 is the change of temperature and formula_21 is the temperature। But
Kata (型, 形 means: "the form") is a Japanese word which is used in some martial arts and theatre (as kabuki). In karate, this word describes a simulation of combat—the sequence of movements—which is given in detail and is trained individually or in group. Before learning it, the martial artist has to try the training of basic technique called "kihon". Such simulation represents a sequence of movements, the attack and the defence in an imagined combat. Every attack must be made as if there were an opponent in front of the karateka (the karate fighter) in order to reach him, and every defence must be made as if the opponent attacked in a real situation of danger. Every movement has an interpretation. The karateka has to show the consideration for its timing and ability to use it. The goal of the "kata" is help in the development of the qualities and the abilities both psychological and of the body. These abilities are necessary for the real combat.
DSLinux is a port of the Linux operating system to the Nintendo DS platform. It requires only a device capable of writing to a DS Game Cart. DSLinux is not the same as DSL (Damn Small Linux.) Criticism. DSLinux has been criticized, some of these thing are for:
A virtual machine is a program on a computer that works like a separate computer inside the main computer. The program that controls virtual machines is called a hypervisor, and the computer that is running the virtual machine is called the host. The hypervisor controls how the virtual machine can access memory, hard drive space, and other resources on the host computer. Virtual machines can be created through software known as virtualization software (such as VMware Workstation and VirtualBox). There are many reasons to run a virtual machine:
The Melon-headed Whale ("Peponocephala electra") is a mammal of the oceanic dolphin family.  It is closely related to the Pygmy Killer Whale and the Pilot Whale. These dolphin species are known by the common name "Blackfish". The Melon-headed Whale is widespread throughout the world's tropical waters, although it is not often seen by humans because it prefers to live in deep water.
The Nilgai ("Boselaphus tragocamelus") is an antelope found in Asia. It commonly seen in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and eastern Pakistan. The mature males appear ox-like and are also known as blue bulls. The nilgai is the biggest Asian antelope. The species was described in 1766.
Boys Like Girls is an American alternative-pop rock band formed in Boston. In 2006 Boys Like Girls's self-titled first album was released. They are mostly famous for the songs "Thunder", "Hero/Heroine", "Five Minutes to Midnight", and "The Great Escape". Members of "Boys Like Girls". Current members Former members
Helenus is a person in Greek mythology. Helenus was the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. His twin sister was Cassandra.
The Kikones or Cicones were a tribe of Thracians. They lived in the area which is now in Greece and Turkey. At the time of Odysseus their stronghold was the city of Ismara (or "Ismarus"), near Mount Ismara, on the south coast of Thrace.
Continental climate is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and is not arid or semi-arid. Summers are hot or warm. In the Köppen climate classification, this climate is split into "Dfa" (hot summer, no dry season), "Dfb" (warm summer, no dry season), "Dwa" (hot summer, dry winter), "Dwb" (warm summer, dry winter), "Dsa" (hot dry summer) and "Dsb" (warm dry summer). Cities with a continental climate. Dfa cities include Chicago, Volgograd or Toronto. Dfb cities include Warsaw, Moscow or Montreal. Dsa cities include Salt Lake City or Bishkek. Dsb cities include Helsinki or Spokane. Dwa cities include Beijing or Seoul. Dwb cities include Vladivostok or Calgary.
Megalodon is an extinct species of shark and was the largest shark of all time, as far as we know. Its scientific name is Carcharodon megalodon (meaning " sharp tooth big tooth"). It lived from the early Miocene to the Pliocene epochs, 23 to 3.6 million years ago (mya). It is a member of the family Lamnidae and the direct ancestor to the present-day great white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias ). Megalodon had teeth, which are among the largest ever found, over long. Nicolaus Steno was the first to recognize the teeth as those of a giant shark. Paleontologists calculate that the shark was up to long with average length of 17 meters (56 feet). It weighed up to 48-103 metric tons. Paleoecology. Fossil records of C". megalodon" indicate that it occurred in deep to tropical latitudes. Before the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, the seas were relatively warmer. This would have made it possible for the species to live in all the oceans of the world. "C. megalodon" lived in many marine environments (i.e. continental shelf waters, coastal upwelling, swampy coastal lagoons, sandy littorals, and offshore deep water environments), and moved from place to place. Adult C". megalodon" were not abundant in shallow water environments, and mostly lurked offshore. C. "megalodon" may have moved between coastal and oceanic waters, at different stages in its life. Its prey. Megalodon hunted large and medium-sized whales, attacking the bony areas, such as chest, fins, or tail. This would stop the whale, or it could kill quickly with a fatal bite to the chest region. The megalodon bite is considered one of the strongest bites in the animal kingdom’s history. Its great size, high-speed swimming capability, and powerful jaws coupled with formidable killing apparatus, made it an apex predator eating a range of fauna. Fossil evidence is that "C. megalodon" preyed on cetaceans (i.e., dolphins, small whales
The "Dust Bowl" is a phrase that is used to describe prairie regions of the United States and Canada in the 1930s. The Dust Bowl spread from Saskatchewan and Manitoba, in the north, all the way to Oklahoma and parts of Texas and New Mexico, in the south. In those areas, there were many serious dust storms and droughts, which caused major damage to the local economies, ecology, and agriculture.  The Dust Bowl was the worst artificial disaster in US history. Many dust storms happened for years. It was also suffered by many Canadians and probably by many Mexicans. Causes. The people who lived in the Dust Bowl area were mostly farmers. Many years of intensive farming without rain had left the soil dry. When strong winds blew, they covered cities, towns, and farms in dried, dusty soil and ruined the farmland. Effects. One famous storm on April 14, 1935, called "Black Sunday," was so strong that it covered dozens of cities in black clouds of dust and made it impossible to see the sky or even a few feet ahead. The writer Timothy Egan stated that the Black Sunday storm "carried away twice as much dirt as was dug out of the earth to create the Panama Canal." The Dust Bowl is still considered one of the worst environmental disasters in US history. Many thousands of people died from breathing in the dust or from starvation. Many of those who survived lost everything they had and left the Dust Bowl to look for work in other parts of the country; they were called "Dust Bowl refugees." In the days of the bison, grass was anchored into the ground, and its leaves were eaten. With farming, the plants were dug up wholescale. The seriousness of the disaster later led to greater use of crop rotation, reforesting and other techniques to preserve the quality and quantity of topsoil in American and Canadian farms. Many songs, books, and works of art were created to tell stories of the people affected by the dust storms. Some of the most famous works are the novels "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Of Mice and Men" by John Steinbeck; the songs of the folk music singer Woody Guthrie; and the photography of Dorothea Lange, who took pictures of many Dust Bowl refugees and their families.
Mosasaurs were large, predatory marine reptiles of the Late Cretaceous. The first fossil mosasaur, "Mosasaurus hoffmanni", was found in the Netherlands in 1776.p7 It was named in 1822 by W.D. Conybeare. For the last 20 million years of the Cretaceous period after the extinction of the ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs, mosasaurs became the dominant marine predators. They became extinct at the K-Pg event at the end of the Cretaceous period, about 66 million years ago. Discovery and interpretation. The first specimen was found in a chalk quarry in Maastricht, Holland. It was found by a German army surgeon, Johann Hoffmann, who collected fossils for the Haarlem Museum. During a struggle for ownership, the skeletal parts went to the museum, whilst the skull stayed with the owner of the land, who refused to let anyone see it. The true identity of the monster was explained by Georges Cuvier. In 1795 French troops were outside Maastricht, and Cuvier arranged for the large skull to be saved when they stormed the town.  Habitat. Thousands of fossils have been found, from every continent. There are about 40 known species. Most skeletons have been found in North America in chalk laid down in the Western Interior Seaway. An interesting fact is that ichthyosaurs had died out by the middle of the Upper Cretaceous, and plesiosaurs and sea-going crocodiles were in decline. The reasons for this are not known. It is this large marine predator niche that mosasaurs occupied. They flourished in the later Cretaceous, only to become extinct at the K/T extinction event. Size. The type species was estimated to be 33' (10m) long. The famous "Mosasaurus" had four paddle-like limbs on a long, streamlined body and a long, powerful tail. The large head had huge jaws, up to 4 ft (1.2 m long) with many teeth. The jaws could open about 3 feet (1 m). The lower jaw is loosely hinged
Nevermind is the second studio album by the American rock band, Nirvana. It was released on September 24, 1991 by DGC Records. It was produced by Butch Vig and was the first release by the band on the record label. It was also the first release with drummer Dave Grohl. Even though it wasn't thought to have been very popular before its release, "Nevermind" was a very big success. On January 11, 1992, it had reached number one on the US "Billboard" 200. The main single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" was very successful and reached number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The three other singles were: "Come as You Are", "Lithium", and "In Bloom". "Nevermind" was selling up to 300,000 copies a week between 1991 and 1992. "Nevermind" has sold over 30 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums ever. "Nevermind" helped to make both grunge music and alternative rock popular. It has been known as one of the greatest albums of all time. Background. Nirvana was a rock band from Aberdeen, Washington, formed by Kurt Cobain (vocals and guitar) and Krist Novoselic (bass guitar) in 1987. They first signed to the Seattle record label Sub Pop. The band released their first album on this label called "Bleach" in 1989 with Chad Channing on drums. Channing left Nirvana after this album in 1990, and the band needed a drummer. After seeing punk band Scream, Cobain and Novoselic liked the drumming by Dave Grohl. When Scream broke up after this, Grohl joined Nirvana as the drummer. During the start of the 1990s, Sub Pop was having a difficult time with money. Because of this, Nirvana looked for a new record label. They ended up signing with DGC Records Title and cover. The first name for the album before its release was "Sheep". This came from the kind of people Cobain thought were going to
The Oklahoma City bombing was a terrorist attack on April 19, 1995 on the U.S. government. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, was attacked by Timothy McVeigh. The truck bombing destroyed much of the building. As a result, it had to be torn down. McVeigh and Terry Nichols exploded a truck bomb, killing 168 people and hurting 850 people. It was the most deadly terrorist attack in the US until the September 11 attacks six years later. The bombing caused $652 million in damage to the building and the nearby area.
Cimarron County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The 2020 census shows it has the least people of any county in Oklahoma. As of 2020, 2,296 people lived there. Its county seat is Boise City. History. Cimarron County was made in 1907. Geography. The county has a total area of 1,841 square miles.
Lethal injection is injecting a person, particularly criminal, with poison or poisons. Usually the process involves a fatal dose and combination of drugs (often it is three) to end the life of the person. It is usually done as capital punishment. It is the main way to execute prisoners in the United States.  Seventeen prisoners were executed in the United States in 2020. Five states and the Federal Government carried out executions. The idea of lethal injection was first suggested in New York in 1888, but Oklahoma was the first place to make a law that said it could use it in 1977. Texas was the first state to use lethal injection for an execution. This first happened when Charlie Brooks was executed in 1982. Thirty-four US states now use it as a form of capital punishment. Other countries to use it are China, Taiwan, and Guatemala. Lethal injection is usually done by using three chemicals. The chemicals are usually sodium thiopental (an anesthetic), pancuronium bromide (used to paralyze the person being injected), and potassium chloride (to stop the heart so that the person being injected dies). In the United States, a chemical shortage has made some states have to wait to carry out executions. Other states have changed what chemicals they use. Executioners have experimented with injectible forms or potassium, or fentanyl. These executions faced issues and some were cancelled, because potassium for example caused a lot of needless pain when injected in large doses (something that was already known).
James Mountain "Jim" Inhofe (November 17, 1934 – July 9, 2024) was an American politician from Oklahoma. He was a U.S. senator of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2023. In February 2022, Inhofe said he would retire in January 2023. Inhofe died of problems caused by a stroke at a hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma on July 9, 2024, at the age of 89.
Thomas Allen Coburn (March 14, 1948 – March 28, 2020) was an American politician and medical doctor. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator of Oklahoma from 2005 to 2015. He was nicknamed Dr. No because of he blocked many spending bills many times. He announced in January 2014 that he would leave the senate at the end of the 113th United States Congress and submitted his resignation letter to Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin. Coburn died on March 28, 2020 in Tulsa, Oklahoma from prostate cancer, aged 72.
The Mayor-Council government system, sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system, is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States. Strong-mayor form. Strong-mayor is a form of mayor-council government. It is made up of an executive branch and a legislative branch. Both branches are elected by the people. The executive brance is usually a city mayor. The legislature is usually a city council.
Powys, officially the County of Powys (Welsh: Sir Powys), is the largest principal area and county in Wales. It is named after the Kingdom of Powys which was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that was founded during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. Modern day Powys covers the historic counties of Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, most of Brecknockshire, and a small part of Denbighshire. With an area of about 2,000 square miles (5,200 km2), it is the largest unitary authority in Wales by land area and about the same size as the country of Trinidad and Tobago. It is bordered by English counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire to the east, Gwynedd, Wrexham and Denbighshire to the north, Ceredigion to the west and Rhondda Cynon Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent, Monmouthshire and Neath Port Talbot to the south. The county's largest towns are: It has the lowest population density of all the principal areas of Wales. Most of Powys is mountainous making north–south travel fairly difficult.
Cimabue, (c.1240 - c.1302), was a painter from Florence in Italy who worked in the Late Medieval period. His real name was Cenni di Peppi. He painted large icons in the Byzantine style and was the first great painter in the city of Florence. The only works of art that are known to be definitely by Cimabue are the mosaic of Christ in Majesty in Pisa Cathedral and two very large ruined frescos in the Church of St Francis in Assisi. The most famous painting that is believed to be by Cimabue is the "Madonna of Santa Trinita" which is an altarpiece that was done for the Church of the Holy Trinity. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. He is also believed to have painted two large crucifixes which hung in the Church of St Domenic in Arezzo and the Church of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce, Florence). The crucifix of Santa Croce was ruined in a flood and is now in the church's museum. The biographer Giorgio Vasari wrote about Cimabue's life, 250 years after his death. He wrote that one day Cimabue was walking in the country when he saw a little shepherd boy scratching a picture of a sheep onto a rock. The drawing was so good that Cimabue went to the boy's father and begged that he might take the boy as his apprentice and teach him to paint. The boy was Giotto, who became a very famous painter, and who is thought of as the very first painter of the Italian Renaissance.
Pietro Cavallini (1259 – c. 1330) was a painter who lived and worked in Rome in Italy in the Late Medieval period. He may have also worked in Naples. He is thought of as one of the greatest painters of his day, but has never been as well known as Giotto from Florence, who was alive at the same time. This is probably because only two pictures by Cavallini still exist. One of them is a mosaic in the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere. The other is a fresco in the nearby convent of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. ("in Trastevere" means "in the part of the Rome that is across the Tiber River".) The fresco at Santa Cecilia's is a large picture of the Last Judgement with Jesus sitting between rows of saints. Unfortunately, the room, which was quite tall, had a new level added, and the floor cut across the fresco. It is in ruins, but the parts that remain show that Cavallini was trying to make the figures that he painted look solid and three-dimensional like the frescos of Ancient Rome. Pietro Cavallini probably influenced the artists who travelled from Rome to work at the Basilica of St Francis of Assisi. It is not known if he painted any of the frescos there.
East Tyrol (German: Osttirol) is a small part of the Austrian state of Tyrol, located in the east part of the state. The other part of the state is North Tyrol, which also belongs to Austria, but does not share a border with East Tyrol.  East Tyrol borders Carinthia in the east, Salzburg in the north, South Tyrol in the west, Veneto in the south. Its capitals are Lienz and "the big brother" Innsbruck.
The perineum is the area of the human body found between the lower end of the vulva and the anus (in females); and the scrotum and the anus (in males). When a person reaches puberty, the size of the perineum is about one inch in length. During puberty, hair will grow around and on the perineum to protect it. Inside the perineum-area are specialized muscles that perform functions of sexuality, erection and excretion.
A jar is a type of container, mostly used to store food. Jars are usually cylindrical, and are usually made of glass or clay. Glass jars are able to be heated in microwave ovens.