ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Royal Robbins (February 3, 1935 – March 14, 2017) was one of the pioneers of American rock climbing. After learning to climb at Tahquitz he went on to make first ascents of many big wall routes in Yosemite. As an early proponent of boltless, pitonless clean climbing, he, along with Yvon Chouinard, was instrumental in changing the climbing culture of the late 1960s and early 1970s by encouraging the use and preservation of the natural features of the rock. He went on to become a well-known kayaker. Robbins died on March 14, 2017 in Modesto, California from a long-illness, aged 82.
The Intouchables ( , UK: Untouchable) is a 2011 French buddy comedy-drama movie directed by Olivier Nakache &amp; Éric Toledano. It stars François Cluzet and Omar Sy.  The movie is about a quadriplegic Philippe (François Cluzet) and his caretaker and later best friend Driss (Omar Sy) going on adventures throughout Paris while Philippe is going through challenges of being quadriplegic. Nine weeks after its release in France on 2 November 2011, it became the second biggest box office hit in France, just behind the 2008 movie "Welcome to the Sticks".  The movie was voted the cultural event of 2011 in France with 52% of votes in a poll by Fnac. The movie has received several award nominations. In France, the movie won César Award for Best Actor for Omar Sy, and seven nomination for César Awards include the César Award for Best Film But losing to the Academy Award for Best Picture winner "The Artist". In 2019, an English-remake titled "The Upside" (2019) was released with Bryan Cranston and Kevin Hart.
Marcelino dos Santos (20 May 1929 – 11 February 2020) was a Mozambican poet, revolutionary, and statesman. He was born in Lumbo. He was a founding member of the "Frente de Libertação de Moçambique" (FRELIMO—Mozambican Liberation Front), in 1962, and served as the party's deputy president from 1969 to 1977. He was Minister of Economic Development in the late 1970s, Frelimo Political Bureau member in charge of the economy in the early 1980s. He also was Chairman of the country's parliament, the Assembly of the Republic, from 1987 to 1994, and, as of 1999, remains a member of the Frelimo Central Committee. Santos died on 11 February 2020 at the age of 90.
Doina Cornea (; 30 May 1929 – 3 May 2018) was a Romanian human rights activist and French language professor. She was notable as a dissident during the communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu. Activism. Cornea illegally sent the first letter to Radio Free Europe in 1982. It was the first in a series of texts and protests against the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime. She saw the crisis not just an economic one, but also a spiritual crisis.She said that the Romanian people "a people fed solely on slogans", who value more material values rather than spiritual values, which she defined as the ones which "generated intelligence, ethics, culture, liberty and responsibility". In August 1987, she addressed an open letter to Nicolae Ceaușescu, in which she advocated reform in the higher education: greater academic freedom. Beliefs. She argued for freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and freedom of travel; on the economic side, her letter (which may have been drafted by other collaborators) argued for closing down loss-making factories, re-tooling factories for being able to compete with foreign companies, hiring foreign managers and recreation of private land ownership, as well as the stopping of the Systematization programme. House arrest. Cornea was put on house arrest by the Securitate (Romanian government officials). Following a documentary shown on Belgian television, an international campaign for her release began. Resolutions arguing for her release were passed by the European Parliament and the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. She was released 21 December 1989 (during the Romanian Revolution, on the day before the Ceaușescu regime fell); Personal life. Cornea born in Brașov, Romania. Cornea began studying French and Italian at Cluj University in 1948. In 1980, she published her first "samizdat" book, "Încercarea Labirintului".
Salim Al-Huss (Arabic: سليم أحمد الحص; 20 December 1929 – 25 August 2024) was a Lebanese politician. He was a Prime Minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut. Hoss died on 25 August 2024 in Beirut at the age of 94.
Lee Hyun Jae (born December 20, 1929) is a former South Korean politician.  He served from March to December 1988 as the twentieth prime minister of South Korea.  Lee is the chairman of the Ho-Am Prize Committee and an advisor of the Korean Association for Cultural Economics as of 2017.
Milan Panić (, ; born 20 December 1929) is a Serbian-American former Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, humanitarian, and multimillionaire businessman based in Newport Beach and Pasadena, California. He served as Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1993. During and after his time as Prime Minister, he campaigned for peace and democracy in the Balkan region. He ran for President of Serbia in 1992, ultimately coming in second to Slobodan Milošević.
Efraín Goldenberg Schreiber, or "Efraím," (born 28 December 1929) is a retired-Peruvian politician. He served as Peru's finance minister, foreign relations minister, and Prime Minister in the 1990s. On February 17, 1994, he was sworn in as Prime Minister of Peru by then President Alberto Fujimori, a position that he held until 1995. Goldenberg was born on December 28, 1929, in Lima, Peru, to Jewish Romanian immigrants. He grew up in Talara. He studied at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Omar Sy (born 20 January 1978) is a French actor and comedian. He is best known in France for his duo with Fred Testot, "Omar et Fred", and for his role in "The Intouchables". Internationally, he is known for his roles in "" and "Jurassic World".  Sy received a César Award for Best Actor on 24 February 2012 for his role in "The Intouchables" and in doing so also became the first actor of African descent to win the French award. Sy is a Muslim. His parents are both immigrants from West Africa.
The ultraviolet catastrophe is the name given to a conflict between theory and the observation in classical physics.  An ideal blackbody at thermal equilibrium emits radiation in all frequency ranges. It emits more energy as the frequency increases. By calculating the total amount of radiated energy, it can be shown that a blackbody would release an infinite amount of energy. This contradicted the principles of conservation of energy and showed a new model was needed for the behaviour of blackbodies.  This happened around the end of the nineteenth century. It was one of the things that led to the invention of quantum mechanics. Theorists like Max Planck solved the problem with the quantum theory in which energy leaves the body in distinct packets called quanta rather than in continuous waves. The quantum theory accurately predicted the energy of the radiation that is observed.
Le Vigan () is a commune in south central France in the region of Occitanie. It is a subprefecture of the Gard department. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of the same name. History. Since the creation of the Gard department on 4 March 1790, Le Vigan has been a subprefecture of the department. Geography. Le Vigan is at the south of the Massif Central and near the Mont Aigoual, in the valley of the Arre, a right tributary of the Hérault river. The Arre flows through the town. Le Vigan has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The "commune" of Le Vigan is surrounded by the "communes" Aulas, Avèze, Saint-André-de-Majencoules, Roquedur, Saint-Bresson, Pommiers and Mandagout. Le Vigan is part of the Cévennes National Park (). Climate. The climate of Le Vigan, in the Köppen climate classification, is Csa - Mediterranean climate with hot summers. Population. The inhabitants of Le Vigan are known, in French, as "Viganais" (women: "Viganaises"). With a population of 3,933, Le Vigan has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Le Vigan Le Vigan forms, with other 6 "communes", the urban area of Le Vigan with a population of 7,184 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Le Vigan, formed by 15 "communes" with a population of 8,996 inhabitants and an area of . Administration. Le Vigan is a subprefecture of the Gard department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Le Vigan and the administrative centre () of the canton Le Vigan; the canton has 23,033 inhabitants . It is part of the intercommunality "Le Pays viganais". Sister cities. Le Vigan is twinned with:
Alès () is a commune in south central France in the region of Occitanie. It is a subprefecture of the Gard department. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of the same name. It was formerly known as "Alais". History. Since the creation of the Gard department on 4 March 1790, Alès has been a subprefecture of the department. Geography. Alès is at north-northwest of Nîmes, in a curve (meander) of the Le Gardon d'Alès river, which half surrounds it. It is at the foot of the Cévennes, near the Cévennes National Park. Alès has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The "commune" of Alès is surrounded by the "communes" Saint-Jean-du-Pin, Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues, Saint-Privat-des-Vieux, Cendras, Saint-Christol-lès-Alès and Saint-Hilaire-de-Brethmas. Climate. The climate of Alès, in the Köppen climate classification, is Csb - Mediterranean climate with warm summers. Population. The inhabitants of Alès are known, in French, as "Alésiens" (women: "Alésiennes"). With a population of 39,993, Alès has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Alès Alès forms, with other 21 "communes", the urban area of Alès with a population of 94,622 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Alès, formed by 52 "communes" with a population of 114,137 inhabitants and an area of . Administration. Alès is a subprefecture of the Gard department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Le Vigan and the administrative centre () of the cantons It is part of the intercommunality "Alès Agglomération". Sister cities. Alès is twinned with:
Geoffrey John Wainwright MBE (19 September 1937 – 6 March 2017) was a British archaeologist specializing in prehistory. He was the Chief Archaeologist of English Heritage from 1989 to 1999. He served as visiting professor to a number of universities. He served as President of the Prehistoric Society from 1981 to 1985 and the Society of Antiquaries of London from 2007 to 2010. Wainwright was born in Pembrokeshire, Wales. He studied at Cardiff University and at UCL Institute of Archaeology. Wainwright died on 6 March 2017 in Pembrokeshire, Wales, aged 79.
Gustav Torgny Lindgren (16 June 1938 – 16 March 2017) was a Swedish writer. Life. Lindgren was the son of Andreas Lindgren and Helga Björk. He studied in Umeå to become a teacher and worked as a teacher until the middle of the 1970s. For several years he was active as a local politician for the Swedish Social Democratic Party. In the 1980s he converted to the Catholic faith. Lindgren died in Stockholm on 16 March 2017 from stomach cancer, aged 78. Career. Lindgren began as a poet in 1965 but had to wait until 1982 for his breakthrough, with the novel "The Way of a Serpent" (Swedish: "Ormens väg på hälleberget"). Lindgren was translated into more than thirty languages and was one of Sweden's most internationally successful contemporary writers. He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1991.
Wojciech Młynarski (March 26, 1941 – March 15, 2017) was a Polish poet, singer-songwriter, and translator. He was a well-known figure on the Polish musical scene. He was most famous for his ballads and what is known as sung poetry, as well as for his collaboration with numerous vocalists and cabarets. He wrote lyrics to more than 2,000 songs, a small fraction of which he sang himself. His songs received a total of 25 "Karolinkas", which are the main awards of the Polish Song Festival in Opole, the most important Polish song festival, occurring annually since 1963. He also composed music to some of his songs. He is considered an icon of Polish culture. Młynarski died on March 15, 2017 in Warsaw from cancer, aged 75.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has designated 77 World Heritage Sites in Western Europe. These sites are in 9 countries. There are eight sites which are shared between countries.  Legend. The list below uses a definition of Western Europe which includes the United Kingdom and Ireland. Site – named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation Location – sorted by country, followed by the region at the regional or provincial level and geocoordinates. In the case of multinational or multi-regional sites, the names are sorted alphabetically. Criteria – as defined by the World Heritage Committee Area – in hectares and acres, followed by buffer zones if applicable. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO Year – during which the site was added to the World Heritage List Description – brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable
David Anderson Stallworth (December 20, 1941 – March 15, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for eight seasons and was a member of the New York Knicks' 1969–70 championship-winning team.  Stallworth played for the Knicks from 1965 through 1972 and again in 1974. He later played for the Baltimore/Capitol Bullets from 1972 through 1974. His basketball career began in 1962 and ended in his retirement in 1974. Stallworth was born in Dallas, Texas. He studied at Wichita State University. Stallworth died on March 15, 2017 in Wichita, Kansas from a heart attack, aged 75.
The Gardon d'Alès is a river in southeastern France, in the Lozère and Gard departments in the Occitanie region. It is a left tributary of the Gardon river. Geography. The Gardon d'Alès river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Course. The Gardon d'Alès starts in the "commune" of Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue, Lozère department in the Cévennes National Park, at an altitude of about . From here, the river flows in general to the southeast. The Gardon d'Alès joins the "Gardon d'Anduze" (the name of the upper Gardon or Gard river) between the "communes" Cassagnoles and Vézénobres. to the south of Alès, at an altitude of about . The Gardon d'Alès flows through the Lozère and Gard departments, in the Occitanie region, and a total of 17 "communes", 12 in the Gard department and 5 in the Lozère department: Main tributaries. The main tributaries, with a length greater than 20 km, of the Gardon d'Alès are the "L'Avène", a left tributary long; and the "Le Galeizon", a right tributary long.
The official Flag of Ukraine is the flag of the European country, Ukraine. Adopted in 1991, It has two horizontal stripes, a blue one, and a yellow one.
Sears, Roebuck and Company, usually called Sears, is a department store chain with about 13 stores in the United States, 12 in the mainland United States and 1 in Puerto Rico. The first store opened in 1906. It was the biggest retailer in the country until Walmart had more sales in October 1989. Sears had to close all 140 of its stores in Canada in 2017. Its 75 stores in Mexico have been operated by Grupo Carso since 1997.  Sears filed for bankruptcy on October 15, 2018. On June 3, 2019, the Sears assets were purchased by Transform Holdco.
The Arre is a river in southeastern France, in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It is a right tributary of the Hérault river. Geography. The Arre river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Le Vigan in the Gard department. Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Le Vigan Course. The Arre starts in the "commune" of Alzon, Gard department in the Cévennes National Park between the places called "Roc de Berdu", "Boucaret" and "Case Vieille", at an altitude of about . From here, the river flows in general to the east. The Arre joins, as a right tributary, the Hérault river in the "commune" Roquedur, near the small town of "Pont d'Hérault" ("commune" of Saint-André-de-Majencoules), at an altitude of about . The river flows through the Gard department, in the Occitanie region, and through a total of 9 "communes": Alzon, Arre, Arrigas, Aumessas, Avèze, Bez-et-Esparon, Molières-Cavaillac, Saint-André-de-Majencoules, Le Vigan. Main tributaries. The only important tributary of the Arre is the "Coudoulous", a left tributary long.
Tom Emiel Gerardine Aloïs Lanoye (born August 27, 1958 in Sint-Niklaas) is a Belgian writer, poet and columnist. Lanoye writes novels and playwrights as well as poetry and scenarios.  He got many awards, among them the Constantijn Huygens Prize. Lanoye is an atheist.
50PLUS, the same in Dutch (shortened "50+"), is a Dutch political party.  50PLUS was established in 2009 and aims at the interests of elder people. Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 0 (-1). MP Liane den Haan left 50+ on 6 May 2021. Since that time, 50+ has no longer been represented in the House of Representatives.
The Christian Union, Dutch: "ChristenUnie" (shortened "CU"), is a Dutch political party. The Christian Union is an orthodox Christian democratic party. It was established in 2001 as a merger of the Reformed Political Alliance (GPV) and the Reformatory Political Federation (RPF). Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 3 (-2).
DENK (the Dutch word "denk" means "think") is a political party in the Netherlands. The official name is "Political Movement Denk" (Dutch: "Politieke Beweging Denk"). DENK aims at the interests of non-western citizens, and was established in 2015. Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 3 (0).
The Forum for Democracy (Dutch: "Forum voor Democratie". shortened "FVD") is a Dutch political party. The party was formed on 22 September 2016. The Forum for Democracy is critical of the current political situation in the Netherlands. The party is right-wing and a national-conservative party. They are strongly against the European Union. They also want more direct democracy in the Netherlands. Political leader and co-founder of the FVD is Thierry Baudet. In the 2023 elections, they have won 3 seats (-5) in the House of Representatives. The FVD group in the House of Representatives split on 13 May 2021. Wybren van Haga and two others MPs left the party and formed the Group Van Haga.
GreenLeft, Dutch: "GroenLinks" (shortened "GL"), is a Dutch political party. GreenLeft is a leftist party that supports environmental protection. It was established in 1989 as a merger of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN), Evangelical People's Party (EVP), Political Party of Radicals (PPR) and Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP). Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 25 (together with the PvdA).
The Labour Party, Dutch: "Partij van de Arbeid" (shortened "PvdA"), is a Dutch political party. The Labour Party is a social democratic party. It was established in 1946 from a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 25 (together with GreenLeft).
The Party for the Animals, Dutch: "Partij voor de Dieren" (shortened "PvdD"), is a Dutch political party. The Party for the Animals was established in 2002 and supports animal rights and fights global warming. Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 3 (-3).
The Reformed Political Party, Dutch: "Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij" (shortened "SGP"), is a Dutch political party. The Reformed Political Party is an orthodox Calvinist party. They are a very conservative party. It was established in 1918. Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 3 (0).
The Socialist Party, Dutch: "Socialistische Partij" (shortened "SP"), is a Dutch political party. The Socialist Party was established in 1972 (its forerunner in 1971) and is a socialist party. They are supportive of left-wing views. Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 5 (-4).
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Dutch: "Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" (shortened "VVD"), is a Dutch political party. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative liberal party. They are the largest party in the country. It was established in 1948 from a merger of the Freedom Party (PvdV) and the Oud Committee. Number of seats in the 2023 elections: 24 (-10). Current political leader is Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius, who was elected in 2023.
École supérieure d'informatique, électronique, automatique (ESIEA) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of Ivry-sur-Seine, close to the one of the "Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées". Research labs. Research activities at ESIEA relate to the following topics:
Boonesborough is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Kentucky, USA. It is in the central part of the state along the Kentucky River. It is the site of Fort Boonesborough State Park, which includes the Kentucky River Museum. The park site has been rebuilt to look like a working fort of the days when Daniel Boone lived there. Boonesborough was founded by Boone as Boone's Station while he was working for Richard Henderson and Nathanial Hart of the Transylvania Company. Boone led a group of settlers through the mountains from Fort Watauga (present-day Elizabethton in Tennessee). He carved the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap. He established Fort Boonesborough. Boone lived there from 1775 to 1779. Boonesborough was the town in the area of present-day Kentucky formally chartered by the Commonwealth of Virginia which then claimed it. It was also one of the first English-speaking communities west of the Appalachian Mountains. Boone successfully led his fellow settlers during the Siege of Boonesborough in 1778. He then moved to his son Israel's settlement at Boone's New Station near what is now Athens, Kentucky.
The Pim Fortuyn List, Dutch: "Lijst Pim Fortuyn" (shortened "LPF"), was a Dutch political party. The Pim Fortuyn List was a populist party, established by Pim Fortuyn, and also named after him, in 2002. The LPF participated for the first time in the general elections of 2002, shortly after the murder of Fortuyn, and won 26 seats.  Numerous quarrels within the party caused its downfall. The LPF was disestablished in 2008.
A catacomb is an underground tunnel that is used to hold and bury dead bodies. Many of them were made in the Roman Empire. In popular culture. Music. "The Catacombs" is the eighth movement from "Pictures at an Exhibition" by Modest Mussorgsky. It describes of loud and soft sounds of echoes in catacombs.