ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
In computer networking, network address translation (NAT) is a technique of modifying the network address information in the IP packet headers while transferring the packet across a traffic routing device; such a technique remaps a given address space into another (usually smaller) address space. This allows multiple computers to share a single public IPv4 address, which has become necessary because there are not enough IPv4 addresses for every computer in the world. Today, NAT is used to hide networks (called "network masquerading") or to hide IP (called "IP masquerading"). "Masquerading" is the mechanism that hides an entire address space, usually consisting of private network addresses (), behind a single IP address usually in the public domain address space.  The NAT mechanism is implemented inside a routing device that keeps track of the "state" of the network connections. The NAT device may also implement a firewall. The router uses translation tables to map the "hidden" addresses into a single address and then rewrites the outgoing IP packets on exit from the router so that they appear to originate from the router. In the reverse communications path, responses to the outgoing packets are mapped back to the originating IP address using the reverse of the rules ("state") stored in the translation tables. The outgoing IP packets establish the device translation tables. The translation table rules established in the above way are cleared after a short period without new traffic refreshing their "state". However, most NAT devices today allow the network administrator to configure translation tables’ entries for permanent use. This feature is often referred to as "static NAT" or port forwarding and allows traffic originating in the 'outside' network to reach selected hosts in the "masqueraded network". Carrier-grade NAT, also called large-scale NAT, is NAT done by the Internet service provider (ISP). This is used when the ISP has more customers than IP addresses. This is commonly used by cellular service providers on 3G and 4G networks, but it is not (yet) common on landline DSL or cable connections. The CIDR address block 100.64.0.0/10 is reserved for carrier-grade NAT, although many ISPs improperly use private addresses, which are 10.0.0
Óscar Gutiérrez (born December 11, 1974), better known by his ring name Rey Mysterio, is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE. He wrestles on the SmackDown brand. Mysterio is often said to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time. He is credited for making cruiserweight wrestling popular. Mysterio is one of the world's most recognizable "lucha libre" wrestlers. Mysterio is the nephew of Rey Misterio Sr., He began his professional wrestling career in 1989 on the independent circuit. He was 14 years old. He signed with Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) in 1992. After a short time wrestling for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Mysterio went to work for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1996. In WCW, Mysterio helped popularize "lucha libre" in the United States. This led to cruiserweight wrestling divisions being more popular. He won the WCW Cruiserweight Championship five times and the WCW World Tag Team Championship three times. He then wrestled for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). Mysterio joined World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in 2002. In WWE, Mysterio won the Cruiserweight Championship three times the World Heavyweight Championship and Intercontinental Championship twice, and the United States Championship three times. He also won the WWE Championship once and the WWE Tag Team Championship four times. He is WWE's 21st Triple Crown and Grand Slam champion, is a Royal Rumble match winner, and has headlined several WWE pay-per-view events. Mysterio left WWE in 2015 and wrestled for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), Lucha Underground and AAA. Mysterio returned to WWE in 2018. He won the U.S. Championship twice and the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. His tag team partner was his son Dominik. On March 31, 2023, Mysterio was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Konnan. AAA Return (2015–201
A router is a computer whose software and hardware are designed to move data between computer networks. Routers move internet traffic to where it needs to go. They do this by choosing the shortest path between the computers using a complicated system of rules called routing protocols. Most routers have a specialized operating system, RAM, NVRAM, flash memory, and one or more processors. They also have two or more network interfaces. They come in a variety of sizes from something that could hold in the hand to something too large for one person to lift. If a computer has a connection to the Internet, It is connected to a router that the computer sends data to. This is the first router the computer will connect to in order to get to the internet. It is known as a default gateway because it is the gateway to the internet. By convention, the gateway has the lowest IP address (like a phone number for a computer) in the subnet (a group of addresses). Anytime a computer makes a connection (such as a connection to www.wikipedia.org), the IP address of the destination server is found using a service called DNS (Domain Name System). Once the destination address has been found, the computer connects to the gateway router. The gateway then sends data to a router at the ISP (Internet Service Provider). That router is a part of the internet and connects to other routers until the data reaches the destination. In small networks such as homes, small businesses (including internet cafés) and small schools, the router also performs NAT (network address translation) which makes all outgoing connections look like they come from one address. Typically, incoming connections are only allowed if they are replies to connections made by a computer inside the NAT. Routers connect two or more networks and direct traffic between them. These networks may be physical (the network is associated with a port) or logical (not associated with a port on the router). The term layer 3 switch often is used the same as 'router', but it is a general term without a technical definition. Layer 3 switch implies a device that is built to connect Ethernet devices in a LAN but can also perform routing. Router operating systems are split into two parts:
Masochism is a medical condition. People who suffer from it can get pleasure from being hurt or humiliated by others. Often, the pleasure is sexual. When a person gets pleasure from being the one who causes hurt or humiliation, their condition is called Sadism. The word "masochism" was invented by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, a German psychiatrist. He named it after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895), a writer whose books and stories often featured men in love with women who treated them cruelly. Different forms of Masochism. Many people with masochistic feelings do not really want to be hurt badly(although some do take it too far). They want to act out their daydreams, such as being tied up and kidnapped, choked, hit, whipped or becoming the slave of another person. In BDSM, people often agree who will be "dominant/dom" and "submissive/sub" before they do anything together, and talk about exactly what they will do before they do it. People who do this kind of masochism usually do it for sexual excitement and or stress release.  Most people who practice BDSM are concerned about their partner's safety. When people are careless about safety, or have no partner and play masochistic games when they are alone, it can be very dangerous. In some cases people have died from such games, especially when they involve suffocation, like hanging or rubber masks, even more dangerous when making it hard to get out by putting themselves in things like handcuffs. Some people suffer from emotional masochism. They are more comfortable when they feel sad or consider themselves failures in life, or prefer to be in a relationship with someone who cheats or insults them. People who have these kind of feelings may have been bullied or abused earlier in life, or may feel that they do not deserve success and happiness. Sometimes, self-injury is seen as a form of masochism which is not motivated sexually. Other behaviours, such as nail biting or trichotillomania often occur in situations where there is a lot of stress or pressure on the individual. While they are related to the individual's way to
Jon Fisher is an economist, an author, and a businessman. Fisher created his company Bharosa to create software to make computers safer. He is also a part-time professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has created forecasts about jobs in the United States. He said it was a mistake for the government to help banks in a weak economy. He has appeared on the news websites TechCrunch, Marketwired, and "The Wall Street Journal". Early Life and Education. Jon Fisher was born on January 19, 1972. His parents are Gerald and Anita Fisher. They are both professors at Stanford University. Jon attended The Nueva School and Crystal Springs Uplands School. He graduated from the University of San Francisco. Career. In 1994, Jon Fisher started the company AutoReach. This company is now a part of AutoNation. In 1998, he formed a new company, NetClerk. This new company was purchased by the Builders Information Group in 2002. NetClerk created software that allowed people in the construction and plumbing industries to obtain online permits. After working with NetClerk, Fisher gave his help to new business owners. He taught them how to reorganize and sell their business for a profit. In 2004, Fisher and Thomas Varghese started the company Bharosa. Fisher was the chief executive officer (CEO) for the company. Bharosa creates security software to make online customers safe. Fisher currently works as the chief executive officer of CrowdOptic. He began to work there on November 17, 2010. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of San Francisco. Fisher has published a book titled "Strategic Entrepreneurism: Shattering the Start-Up Entrepreneurial Myths". Fisher was recognized in 2008 and 2009 when he made several predictions about the direction of the United States economy. In April 2008, he said that the unemployment rate in the United States would be 9% in 2009. This fact became true. In 2009, Fisher said that unemployment would not be more than 10.4%. He said it would be 8% by the end of 2010. Awards and Recognition. Jon Fisher has received several honors for his work as an entrepreneur and teacher, including:
In Internet terminology a private network is typically a network that uses private IP address space, following the standard. Computers may be allocated addresses from this address space when it is necessary for them to communicate with other computing devices on an Intranet network (internal private computer network that uses the Internet Protocol). Private networks are quite common in home and office local area network (LAN) designs, as many organizations do not see a need for globally unique IP addresses for every computer, printer and other devices that the organizations use. Private IP addresses were created due to the shortage of publicly registered IP addresses created by the IPv4 standard. One of the reasons IPv6 was created is to overcome this limitation of the IPv4 standard. However IPv6 still did not achieve a widespread use. Routers on the Internet should be configured to discard any packets containing private IP addresses in the IP packet header. This isolation gives private networks a basic form of security as it is not usually possible for the outside world to establish a connection directly to a machine using these private addresses. As connections cannot be made between different private networks via the internet, different organizations can use the same private address range without risking address conflicts (communications accidents caused by reaching a third party using the same IP address). If a device on a private network needs to communicate with other networks, a "mediating gateway" (in-between gateway) is needed to ensure that the outside network is presented with an address that is "real" (or publicly reachable) so that Internet routers allow the communication. This gateway is typically a NAT device or a proxy server. Public Internet Routers by default will not forward packets with addresses. Unlike public Internet routers that need additional configuration to forward these packets, internal routers do not need any additional configuration to forward these packets. This can cause problems, however, when organizations try to connect networks that both use the same private address spaces. There is a potential for clashes and routing problems if both networks use the same IP addresses for their private networks, or if both networks depend on NAT to connect them through the Internet. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) private addresses. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that manages global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management
Paul Anthony Cook (born February 22, 1967 in Liverpool) is an English former footballer and the current manager of Chesterfield. He played for 23 years for many different clubs. Career statistics. Playing statistics. Source: Honours. Player. Burnley Accrington Stanley Individual Manager. Sligo Rovers Chesterfield Portsmouth Wigan Athletic Individual
David Cook is an American alternative rock and post-grunge singer-songwriter. He was born on December 20, 1982. His hometown is Blue Springs, Missouri. American Idol. In 2008, David was the winner of American Idol Season 7.
Roderick George Toombs (April 17, 1954 – July 31, 2015) better known by his ring name "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, was a Canadian professional wrestler and actor. During his career, Piper worked for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He played the role of a Scottish wrestler, most of a time he was a heel. Early life. Piper was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was raised in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is of Scottish heritage. Career. Piper hosted a popular interview segment in the WWF/E, called "Piper's Pit". The segment mainly aired during the late 1980s and early 1990s. It has been abandoned since Piper left the WWE, but was still done on special occasions when Piper made a special appearance. In 2005, Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Ric Flair. Piper also acted in many movies and television shows. One of his most well known roles was as a drifter in the 1988 movie "They Live". Death. Piper died of cardiopulmonary arrest caused by a pulmonary embolism and hypertension on July 31, 2015 in Hollywood, California. A ten-bell salute for Piper was held at the beginning of the August 3, 2015 episode of WWE Raw.
, is a slang word for the phrase "Lolita complex". In Japan, the word explains a schediaphilic desire for drawings of young or young-looking girls. Outside Japan, the word is less common. It denotes a genre of manga and anime in which young female characters are shown in a sexual way. The word has an origin in to Vladimir Nabokov's book, "Lolita". In the book, a middle-aged man sexually desires a 12-year-old girl, however to use this origin as the current meaning is not ideal as the word has changed its meaning through time. Some people claim that lolicon adds to actual sexual abuse of children, while others claim that there is no facts that show this, or that facts show the opposite. Countries have tried to make lolicon that shows children naked or having sex illegal as a type of child pornography.  One of the few that has made it actually illegal is the United Kingdom where the possession of lolicon pornography is illegal. These laws have been criticised heavily, and charges of lolicon child porn tend not to stick, because a judge reasons that no real children were harmed to make it and posses it and therefore it is not worth conviction, or because the harm that will be caused by giving the person a jail sentence is considered disproportionate to their charges. The boy version is called Shotacon.
is a Japanese movie studio in Koganei, Tokyo. It produces anime shows and movies. It has won many awards for some of its movies, including an Academy Award for "Spirited Away". The company was established by Hayao Miyazaki in 1985. The name comes from the Arabic word "ghibli", for hot winds blowing from the Sahara Desert. The main focus of Ghibli is to produce long animations, but they have produced short animations since the middle of 1990. Their movies often satirize the society at that time. The company tends to choose famous actors from television or movies as their voice actors. They also have a museum located in Mitaka.
Reverse DNS lookup (rDNS) is the process of determining the hostname or the host computer associated with a given IP address or any other type of network address. Typically, the Domain Name System is used to determine what IP address is associated with a given domain name. So, to "reverse-resolve" a known IP address to determine the hostname is simply the process of searching what host and domain name belongs to that IP address.  A reverse lookup is often referred to as reverse resolving, or more specifically reverse DNS lookup, and is accomplished using a "reverse IN-ADDR entry" in the form of a PTR record.  in the "INSTRUCTIONS" section, and later, Section 2.1 states "Every Internet-reachable host should have a name" and "Make sure your PTR and A records match".
Polis means a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens. In context with Ancient Greece "polis" means nearly always "city-state." The word originates from the ancient Greek city-states, which developed during the Archaic period and existed well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was "civitas", that means 'citizenhood' as well. An ancient "polis" often centered around a citadel, called the "acropolis". Nearly always it had an "agora" (market) and typically one or more temples and a "gymnasium". Many citizens of a "polis" did not live in the central city but in the suburbs or countryside. The Greeks regarded the "polis" as a religious and political association: while the "polis" would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the "polis" would not simply consist of a geographical area. Words coming from "polis". Modern European languages have many words that come from "polis". In English there are policy, polity, police and politics. In Greek, words coming from "polis" include "politēs" and "politismos". A number of words end in the word "-polis". Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state. Some examples are: Other refer to part of a city or a group of cities, such as: Other cities. The names of several other towns and cities in Europe and the Middle East have contained the suffix ""-polis" since antiquity; or currently feature modernized spellings, such as "-pol". Some of the examples are: The names of other cities were also given the suffix "-polis"" after antiquity, either referring to ancient names or simply unrelated: There are a large number of cities ending in polis located in Brazil, particularly in the state of Goiás. Examples include:
is a Japanese work that a person creates alone or with people who also share same interest. A group of people who work together to create doujinshi are called a . Some circles have only one artist working by themselves: they are sometimes called . These works can be books, manga, art, or other things. Doujinshi are often created by amateurs, but, some professional artists also make doujinshi. The word "doujinshi" comes from and . "Shi" is a contraction of the full word "zasshi". "Zasshi" means "magazine". Doujinshi are part of a larger category of dōjin. This category includes art collections, anime, hentai, and games. People who make Doujinshi are often called "Indie" creators. There are entire genres of games and music dedicated to doujinshi. Due to the nature of Doujinshi, people who make it often find it more difficult to distribute their work than those who choose to distribute on traditional publishing or mainstream channels.
Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook on April 24, 1954) is an American activist. He was convicted and given the death penalty for the 1981 murder of police officer Daniel Faulkner in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (U.S.). Before his arrest, he was a Black Panther Party member, taxi driver, and journalist. Since he was found guilty, his case has been popular around the world, and he has become a controversial cultural icon. Many people disagree on whether it is morally correct for him to receive the death penalty, if he is guilty, or if he had a fair trial. While he was in prison, he has published several books and other commentaries, notably "Live from Death Row" (1995). As of 2025, Abu-Jamal is still in prison.
The Police was a British rock band who played a style of rock music that was influenced by jazz, punk and reggae music. As of 2008, The Police are one of the most successful bands in the world having sold over 40,000,000 records worldwide. The Police, along with The Clash, are notable for using reggae as a major part of their musical form. "Rolling Stone" ranked The Police number 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003. History. The Police formed with Stewart Copeland in late 1976 as drummer, Sting as the singer-bassist and Henry Padovani as the guitarist. In early 1977 they recorded their first single, "Fall Out"/"Nothing Achieving,".
In cryptography, Triple DES is a block cipher created from the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher by using it three times. Triple DES is also known as TDES or, more standard, TDEA (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ). When it was discovered that a 56-bit key of DES is not enough to protect from brute force attacks, TDES was chosen as a simple way to enlarge the key space without a need to switch to a new algorithm. The use of three steps is essential to prevent meet-in-the-middle attacks that are effective against double DES encryption. In general TDES with three different keys (3-key {k1, k2, k3} TDES) has a key length of 168 bits: three 56-bit DES keys (with parity bits 3-key TDES has the total storage length of 192 bits), but due to the meet-in-the-middle attack the effective security it provides is only 112 bits. Another version, called two-key TDES (2-key TDES), uses k1 = k3, thus reducing the key size to 112 bits and the storage length to 128 bits. However, this mode can be taken advantage of through certain chosen-plaintext or known-plaintext attacks and so TDES is treated by NIST to have only 80 bits of security. By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software. TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, which are many of the places it is still used. TDES is slowly disappearing from use, largely replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). One large-scale exception is within the electronic payments industry, which still uses 2TDES extensively and continues to develop and spread standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, the standard for inter-operation of IC cards; also called "Chip cards", and IC capable POS terminals and ATM's). This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard well into the future.