ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Ecuador poison frog or Ecuadorean poison frog ("Ameerega bilinguis") is a frog. It lives in Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. Body. The adult male frog is 16.5–20.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 18.6–22.7 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is black in color with red marks. The belly is light blue in color with black stripes. The sides of the body are black with a light blue stripe. There is more blue color towardthe rear end. The tops of the feet are dark gray in color. There are yellow marks near where the legs meet the body. The iris of the eye is black in color. The sides of the head are black with some blue marks. Name. Scientists gave this frog the Latin name "bilinguis" because its call has two parts. Home. This frog lives on the ground in forests. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground near streams in forest that has never been cut down and in forest that has been destroyed and is growing back. They can live in places that flood for part of the year, but only during times when they are not flooded. Scientists saw the frog between 125 and 800 meters above sea level. Some of the places the frog lives are protected places: Parque Nacional Yasuni, Reserva Biólogica Limoncocha, and Reserva de Produccion Faunística. Young. The female frog lays eggs on dead leaves on the ground. She lays 4 to 16 eggs at a time. They are about 2 mm across. The male frog watches the eggs. The eggs take 18 to 22 days to open. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to pools of water or to streams that move slowly, where they swim and grow. Danger. Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans change the places where the frog lives. People cut down forests to make farms and to get wood to build with.
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is when a computer can do many different kinds of tasks as well as a human, or even better. Currently some tasks can only be done by humans, who can use learning, thinking, and planning to take actions. AGI is when computers can handle many types of tasks, such as solving problems, understanding new information, or learning new skills, at a level similar to humans. AGI is different from "narrow" Artificial Intelligence (narrow AI). Narrow AI is built to do a specific task well, like recognising a face, or playing a game of chess. AGI would be able to do many tasks that it wasn’t specifically programmed to do.  Building on AGI is the idea of Artificial superintelligence (ASI), where computers could be much smarter than humans. People working at companies such as OpenAI and Meta are trying to develop computers that can solve general problems. They say that making AGI is an important goal. History. In 2020, a study found 72 AGI research and development projects were being worked on in 37 countries. People have different ideas about when computers could reach AGI skill levels. In 2023, some experts predicted AGI could be reached within decades, while others thought it might take over a century—or never happen at all. Geoffrey Hinton, an expert in machine learning, is very worried about how fast progress is happening. He thinks AGI could be created much sooner than most people expect. People have different ideas about the definition of AGI. Some researches claimed that computer systems that we have now (GPT-4) could be an early form of AGI.  AGI is a common idea in science fiction stories and in studies about what the future might be like. There is a debate about how dangerous AGI could be. Some think AGI could be very dangerous, while others think people are worrying too much or too soon.  Many AI experts believe it is important to address the risk that AGI could cause humanity to no longer exist. They think it is important for people around the world to work together to address this risk. Others think that making computers that can reach AGI level will not happen soon and say it is not a risk to humans.
The Grand Tour was the name of travel through Europe by rich European (mostly British) young men between 1660 until about 1840. Grand Tour may mean:
The Sehol X8 is a mid-size Crossover SUV made by the Chinese car company JAC Motors. Under the Sehol sub-brand It was first introduced as the JAC Jiayue X8 but was later rebranded as Sehol. History. The Sehol X8 was first announced in May 2020 and was officially revealed at the Chengdu Auto Show in July 2020. It became available for sale in China starting in October 2020. Markets. The Sehol X8 is also sold in other countries under different names. In Russia, it is sold as the Moskvitch 8. In Mexico, it is sold as the JAC Sei 7 Pro, and in Italy, it is marketed as the EVO 7. Features. The Sehol X8 has a 1.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine that produces 135 kW (184 horsepower). It comes with a standard 6-speed manual transmission, with an optional 6-speed dual-clutch transmission. Sehol X8 Plus. The Sehol X8 Plus is an updated version of the Sehol X8. It was launched in July 2022 and is slightly larger and more premium than the original X8. The main change is a redesign of the front and rear of the car, adding 10 mm to its total length.
The Continental Marines were the amphibious infantry of the American Colonies (and later the United States) during the American Revolutionary War.  History. The Continental Congress established the Corps on November 10, 1775, and it was dissolved in 1783. Although their function was multifaceted, their primary responsibility was to defend a ship's captain and his officers as aboard security troops. Marine sharpshooters were positioned on the battle tops of a ship's masts to shoot the enemy's officers, naval gunners, and helmsmen during naval engagements, in addition to serving alongside the ship's crew at the cannons. The initial Marine barracks were in Philadelphia, and Captain Samuel Nicholas was the only commandant of the Continental Marines, having been commissioned on November 28, 1775. Historian Edwin Simmons speculates that it was more likely a tavern run by the Nicholas family, even though folklore placed its earliest recruitment post at Tun Tavern. In June 1776, Robert Mullen, whose mother owned Tun Tavern, was commissioned as a captain and probably utilized it as a recruiting location.  During the American Revolution, the US employed Marines to conduct amphibious invasions and raids. On the inaugural tour in the Caribbean, Marines accompanied Commodore Esek Hopkins of the Continental Navy's first squadron. To seize naval supplies from the British, they made two landings in Nassau, Bahamas. The squadron took four tiny prize ships and sailed back to Rhode Island. On April 8, 1776, the squadron returned with four injured and seven dead marines.  Second Continental Congress convenes and directs the acquisition, fitting out, and manning of two vessels for the Continental Navy. Since marines are a normal part of warship's complement, this is the first (albeit indirect) authorization for the enlistment of Continental Marines.  The Continental Marines are created.  Five companies of about 300 Marines were raised. While armed, they were not equipped with uniforms. They headed South for the Caribbean where the five companies joined Commodore Esek Hopkins of the Continental Navy's first squadron on its first cruise.  Nicholas' Marines land on New Providence Island, Bahamas. In 13 days they secure
Arriva Max was a premium brand used by different Arriva bus companies in the United Kingdom. History. In September 2014, Arriva launched the Max brand on two routes: Arriva North East's X10 and X11 from Newcastle to Blyth. In 2015, Arriva Buses Wales, Arriva Shires &amp; Essex and Arriva Southern Counties's routes were given the Max brand. Arriva North East and Arriva Yorkshire added more routes to the Max brand. In 2022, Arriva started to remove the Max brand, the buses were painted into the normal Arriva livery or they were replaced with new buses. Routes. As of July 2024, there were 8 Arriva Max routes. Buses. Max branded buses had leather seats, free WiFi and a different livery, some also had charging points, some buses also had air conditioning. Arriva North East and Arriva Yorkshire used the following buses: VDL DB300s with Wright Gemini 2 bodywork, Scania OmniCity, Alexander Dennis Enviro400, Wright StreetLites and Volvo B9TLs. Arriva Herts &amp; Essex used Mercedes-Benz Citaros Arriva Buses Wales used VDL SB200s with Wright Pulsar bodywork.
Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville is a United States–based hospitality company. It manages and franchises a casual dining American restaurant chain, retail stores selling Jimmy Buffett-themed merchandise, and hotels. is named after Buffett's hit song "Margaritaville" and is owned by Margaritaville Holdings LLC. It was founded in 1985.
The Garden Awakens, referred to before November 27, 2024 as the Winter Drop, is an upcoming game drop set to release on December 3, 2024, that adds pale gardens, creakings, and other related blocks. It was announced at Minecraft Live 2024. In Java Edition, it can only be accessed by creating a world with the "Winter Drop" experiment toggle enabled or manually editing the level.dat file to include the feature flag. In an official and publicly shared survey about Minecraft Live and in file names on minecraft.net, the drop was referred to as the "Vanilla Holiday Update". The name and release date of the update were revealed on November 27, 2024.
African American literature encompasses the body of works created in the United States by authors of African descent. Olaudah Equiano (circa 1745–1797) was an African individual who authored "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano," an autobiography released in 1789 that emerged as one of the earliest significant texts addressing the transatlantic slave trade and the lived experiences of enslaved Africans. This publication occurred sixteen years after the works of Phillis Wheatley (circa 1753–1784), an enslaved African woman recognized as the first African American to publish a volume of poetry, which was released in 1773. Her collection was entitled "Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral."
African-American art encompasses a wide array of visual artworks produced by individuals of African descent in America. The diversity of artistic expressions created over more than two centuries reflects the unique experiences and backgrounds of the artists involved. Some artists draw inspiration from African cultural traditions and other regions influenced by the Black diaspora, while others look to traditional African-American forms of plastic arts, such as basket weaving, pottery, quilting, woodcarving, and painting. These forms are often categorized under the terms "handicrafts" or "folk art."
African-American Jews are individuals who identify as both African American and Jewish, either through mixed heritage or conversion. This group includes those who are Jewish by birth as well as those who have converted to Judaism. A significant number of African-American Jews possess a diverse ancestry, encompassing both non-Jewish African-American and non-Black Jewish lineage. While many within this community consider themselves Jews of color, there are others who do not share this identification. Additionally, Black American Jews originating from Africa, such as the Beta Israel community from Ethiopia, may or may not choose to identify as African-American Jews.
Black Hebrew Israelites (BHI) is a movement founded on the pseudoscientific belief that African Americans are the "real descendants" of ancient Israelites. Some factions of the movement also see Native and Latino Americans as the descendants of ancient Israelites. Overview. 1990s. A 1999 FBI terrorism risk assessment report found that "violent radical fringe members" of the Black Hebrew Israelite movement hold "beliefs bear[ing] a striking resemblance to the Christian Identity theology practiced by many white supremacists". The assessment concluded that "the overwhelming majority of [Black Hebrew Israelites] are unlikely to engage in violence." 2000s. In 2008, American civil rights group Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) published the findings that "the extremist fringe of the Hebrew Israelite movement" has a Black supremacist outlook. Those classified as Black supremacist include but not limited to the Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge, the Nation of Yahweh and the Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ.  2010s. As of December 2019, 144 Black Hebrew Israelite organizations have been classified hate groups due to their antisemitism and anti-white beliefs". Extremism. Alberta Williams King, the mother of Martin Luther King Jr., was shot and killed on June 30, 1974 at the age 69 by Marcus Wayne Chenault, a 23-year-old Black man from Ohio subscribed to the theology of a BHI preacher called Hananiah E. Israel of Cincinnati. The assassin had reportedly shown interest in a group called the "Hebrew Pentecostal Church of the Living God". Israel, Chenault's mentor, castigated Black civil rights activists and Black church leaders as being evil and deceptive, but claimed in interviews not to have advocated violence. Chenault did not draw any such distinction, and first decided to assassinate Rev. Jesse Jackson in Chicago, but canceled the plan at the last minute. The BHI have also been involved in domestic terrorism towards American Jews since the 1970s, the most recent of which include but not limited to the 2019 Jersey City shooting (7 dead and 3 injured) and the Monsey
Mantis is a character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by actress Pom Klementieff. Based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, she first appears in "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", which was released in 2017. Mantis is presented as a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy, and her character has a unique ability to sense and manipulate the emotions of others, which plays a significant role in various interactions throughout the film. Fictional character biography. Mantis is introduced as a servant of Ego the Living Planet, who is actually a villain in the story. She eventually joins Star-Lord (Chris Pratt), Gamora (Zoe Saldaña), Drax (Dave Bautista) , Rocket (Bradley Cooper), and Groot (Vin Diesel) in their quest to confront Ego. Mantis' empathic abilities allow her to help the Guardians, particularly in handling Ego and the emotional turmoil surrounding the group. Mantis has a distinct appearance, characterized by her green skin, antennae, and a unique fighting style that combines her combat proficiency with her empathetic powers. Following her debut in "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", she also appears in ' (2018) and ' (2019), where her powers contribute to the team's efforts against Thanos. Reception. The character has been well-received by fans, thanks in part to Klementieff's performance, which brings a mix of humor, innocence, and strength to Mantis. In the upcoming projects, she is expected to continue her journey within the MCU, contributing to the overall narrative established by the Guardians and the larger universe.
Ancient Armenian translated literature consists of works translated into Armenian between the 5th and 18th centuries. This tradition began during a cultural renaissance in Armenia, closely tied to the invention of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots in the early 5th century. Translation was seen as a way to preserve and enrich Armenian identity during periods of foreign domination. Historical context. Origins: In 387 CE, Armenia was divided between the Roman Empire and Persia, leading to cultural and religious suppression. The invention of the Armenian alphabet allowed Armenians to translate religious, historical, and philosophical texts, promoting cultural unity and resilience. Golden Age of Translations: The 5th century, known as the "Golden Age" of Armenian literature, produced translations of the Bible and Greek classics. These works laid the foundation for Armenian literary and spiritual development. Notable contributions. Religious Texts: The Armenian Bible, translated by Mesrop Mashtots and his disciples, is considered one of the finest translations of the era. Greek Influence: The works of philosophers like Aristotle and Plato were studied and translated, influencing Armenian intellectual traditions. Legacy. The translated literature helped Armenia maintain its cultural and spiritual heritage despite centuries of external pressures. Institutions like the Matenadaran, a repository of ancient manuscripts in Yerevan, continue to preserve and study these texts.
Byzantine fortifications refer to defensive structures developed by the Byzantine Empire, which existed from the late Roman period (4th century) to the fall of Constantinople in 1453. These structures were critical in defending the empire's vast territories across Europe, Asia, and Africa, reflecting advancements in engineering, architecture, and military strategy. Legacy. Byzantine fortifications influenced military architecture in Europe and the Islamic world. Their techniques and designs, particularly in Constantinople, served as benchmarks for medieval and Renaissance fortifications.
The Volkolak is a werewolf-like creature in Slavic mythology, often depicted as a human who transforms into a wolf. The term is sometimes used synonymously with lycanthropy, the mythical ability to transform into a wolf either voluntarily or as a curse. Stories about volkolaks vary across Slavic cultures, with some portraying them as cursed individuals and others as sorcerers who take on wolf form. Role in Slavic folklore. The volkolak appears in many Slavic myths as a feared figure, both for its predatory nature and its connection to the supernatural. It often represents the duality of human nature—balancing civilized and wild instincts. Similar creatures exist in neighboring cultures, like the Lithuanian "vilkatakiai" and the Greek "vrykolakas," showcasing shared mythological themes. Cultural impact. While volkolaks are primarily figures of myth, their stories influence modern folklore, literature, and even media, reflecting humanity's fascination with transformation and the boundary between man and beast. They are comparable to the Western concept of the werewolf but have distinctly Slavic roots.
Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova (1846–1915) was the wife of Russian poet Nikolay Nekrasov. Known also by her birth name Feokla Anisimovna Viktorova, her life intertwined with the poet's later years and legacy. After his death, she became a notable figure among his admirers and in literary circles. Life. Early life. Details about Zinaida’s origins are debated. Some contemporaries believed she was the daughter of a military scribe, while others suggested connections to minor nobility. Her life before meeting Nekrasov remains unclear, but accounts describe her as strong-willed and intelligent. Life with Nekrasov. Zinaida met Nekrasov in the 1860s and became his companion and later his wife. Their relationship was marked by periods of happiness and difficulty, especially as Nekrasov suffered from ill health. She supported him during his final years and played a role in preserving his legacy after his death in 1877. Later years. After Nekrasov’s death, Zinaida lived modestly but continued to receive support from literary funds like the Literary Fund, which helped widows and relatives of prominent writers. She remained a custodian of Nekrasov’s memory, contributing to the understanding of his life and works. Legacy. Zinaida is buried at Voskresenskoe Cemetery in Saratov. Her life reflects the challenges and roles of women connected to literary figures in 19th-century Russia. She is remembered as a significant figure in the story of Nekrasov’s life and the preservation of his work.
The Portrait of Dmitry Andreevich Furmanov is a painting by Russian artist Sergey Malyutin, created in 1922. It is part of the collection at the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Furmanov, a prominent Soviet writer and political figure, is best known as the author of the novel Chapayev, which depicted the Russian Civil War. Dmitry Furmanov (1891–1926) was an influential writer, political commissar, and key figure during the Civil War. His experiences as a commissar inspired his literature, particularly the famous novel "Chapayev". Furmanov’s life was marked by his contributions to Soviet politics and his literary work. Creation of the portrait. Sergey Malyutin, known for his diverse artistic works, painted the portrait shortly after Furmanov gained prominence. Malyutin emphasized Furmanov’s intensity and intellectual depth, portraying him with sharp features and a direct gaze, reflective of his political and literary persona. Artistic style. Malyutin’s approach combined realism and subtle touches of early Soviet artistic ideals. His ability to capture the personality of his subjects made this portrait a significant example of early 20th-century Soviet portraiture. The portrait aligns with the evolving aesthetics of the time, bridging traditional Russian painting and emerging socialist realism. Legacy. The painting is considered an important cultural artifact, representing not only Furmanov’s legacy but also the broader cultural shifts of post-revolutionary Russia. It remains an iconic piece in the Tretyakov Gallery, symbolizing the intersection of art and politics during a transformative era.
Sergey Vasilyevich Malyutin (1859–1937) was a Russian artist, architect, and illustrator known for his contributions to painting, applied arts, and set design. He is especially famous for creating the first design for the matryoshka doll in collaboration with woodturner Vasily Zvyozdochkin in 1890. Life. Early life and education. Born in Moscow into a merchant family, Malyutin moved to Voronezh as a child. He was inspired to pursue art after attending an exhibition by the Peredvizhniki (Wanderers). From 1883 to 1886, he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture under prominent teachers like Illarion Pryanishnikov and Vladimir Makovsky. He graduated with a silver medal and was recognized as a "Free Artist" in 1890. Legacy. Malyutin’s influence extends across multiple disciplines, including fine art, architecture, and folk crafts. His work remains celebrated for its role in shaping Russian cultural identity during a transformative period.
The Estonian Peasant Laws (Estonian: "Eestimaa Talurahvaseadused") were a series of laws introduced in the 19th century for the Governorate of Estonia under the Russian Empire. These laws regulated the rights and obligations of peasants, shaping their relationship with landlords and the state. They were part of broader reforms across the Baltic region to modernize agrarian systems and address issues of serfdom. Comparison with Livonia. Reforms in neighboring Livonia (1819) offered slightly better conditions for peasants, including defined labor obligations. By contrast, Estonian peasants often faced heavier burdens, as noted by historian Gustav von Ewers. Implementation and oversight. To enforce the 1816 reforms, the Commission for the Introduction of the New Estonian Peasant Law was established, operating from 1816 to 1832. This body monitored the application of the laws and addressed disputes. The commission was later replaced by a similar oversight body. Impact and legacy. These laws represented an early step in transitioning away from serfdom in the Baltic provinces. Although limited in their impact, they paved the way for more comprehensive land and peasant reforms later in the 19th century. Over time, peasants gained increasing rights, culminating in reforms that allowed land ownership.