ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Organometallic chemistry is the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. It combines aspects of inorganic chemistry (the study of non-carbon bonds) and organic chemistry (the study of carbon bonds). An example of an organometallic compounds is tetraethyllead; it was used as a fuel (leaded gasoline) additive in the past. Methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a common organometallic compound. Organometallic compounds. Organometallic compounds are compounds that have chemical bonds between an one or more metal atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group (an organic ligand). They have the prefix "organo-" (for example, organopalladium compounds). Organometallic compounds include subgroups like the metalloproteins such as haemoglobin.  The term "metalorganics" usually refers to metal-containing compounds lacking direct metal-carbon bonds but which contain organic ligands which bind them to an organic compound. Metal beta-diketonates, alkoxides, and dialkylamides are members of this class. In addition to the traditional metals, elements such as boron, silicon, arsenic, and selenium form organometallic compounds. Coordination compounds with organic ligands. Many complexes have coordination bonds between a metal and organic ligands. The organic ligands often bind the metal through a heteroatom such as oxygen or nitrogen, in which case such compounds are called "coordination compounds".  Many organic coordination compounds occur in nature. For example, hemoglobin and myoglobin contain an iron center coordinated to the nitrogen atoms of a porphyrin ring; magnesium is the center of a chlorin ring in chlorophyll. The field of such inorganic compounds is known as bioinorganic chemistry. However, methylcobalamin (a form of Vitamin B12), with a cobalt-methyl bond, is a true organometallic complex, one of the few known in biology.  Structure and properties. The metal-carbon bond in organometallic compounds is half way between being ionic and covalent. Organometallic compounds with
Coniston Water (usually called just Coniston) is a lake in Cumbria. It is the third largest lake in the Lake District. It is long and wide. The lake has an elevation of 143 feet (44 m) above sea level. It drains to the sea via the River Crake. Waterspeed record. In the 20th century Coniston was the scene of many attempts to break the world water speed record. On August 19, 1939 Sir Malcolm Campbell set the record at 141.74 miles per hour (228.108 km/h) in Bluebird K4. Between 1956 and 1959 Sir Malcolm's son Donald Campbell set four successive records on the lake in Bluebird K7, a hydroplane. In 1966 Donald Campbell decided that he needed to get over 300 miles per hour (483 km/h) to keep the record. On January 4, 1967 he achieved a top speed of over 320 miles per hour (515 km/h) in Bluebird K7 on the return leg of a record-breaking attempt. He then lost control of Bluebird, which somersaulted and crashed, sinking rapidly. Campbell was killed instantly on impact. The attempt could not be counted as a record-breaking run because the second leg was not completed. Lady in the Lake. In recent times, Coniston Water has become known for a controversial murder case. Mrs Carol Park was dubbed the "Lady in the Lake" after the Raymond Chandler novel of the same name.
Delirium tremens (often called DTs or "the DTs") is a medical emergency. It is the worst form of alcohol withdrawal. It can happen when a person who drinks a lot of alcohol suddenly stops drinking. "Delirium" means very bad confusion that comes on quickly; "tremens" means "shaking." Scientists think the DTs happen because the autonomic nervous system gets too excited. It works too hard and will not shut off. DTs were first written about in 1813. Who gets DTs? Most people who stop drinking alcohol do not get the DTs. But some people are more likely to get the DTs if they suddenly stop drinking. DTs are more likely in people who: About 5% of people who have alcohol withdrawal symptoms get the DTs. About 5-10% of chronic (long-term) alcoholics get the DTs at some point in their life. Symptoms. DTs cause symptoms that can be very bad and very dangerous. Even though not many people get DTs when they stop drinking, many people that do get DTs die from them. Others get permanent brain damage or other problems. Symptoms usually start within 2 to 3 days after the person had their last drink. But in some people, DTs can happen up to a week or 10 days after their last drink. Life-threatening symptoms. Most people who die from DTs die from one or more of these symptoms: Other changes to the body. Other body symptoms caused by DTs include: Changes to thinking and feelings. DTs can cause changes to thinking and feelings that can be very scary for the patient: Changes to the senses. DTs can cause major changes to the senses, especially what a person sees, hears, and feels. For example: Treatment. DTs always need to be treated in a hospital. If a person starts having symptoms of DTs at home, 9-1-1 (or their local emergency number) should be called for an ambulance right away. Several types of medicines can be used to treat DTs: People with DTs are also often given thiamine (vitamin B1), an important vitamin, because alcoholics often do not have enough thiamine. If thiamine levels are low enough, this can cause brain damage.
Brian Edward Cox (born 3 March 1968) is a British particle physicist. He is also a professor at the University of Manchester and a Royal Society University Research Fellow. He works on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Cox presents some BBC science television programmes the most notable being "Stargazing Live" and "Wonders of Universe". He also presented some episodes of "Horizon". Early life. Cox was born in 1968 in Chadderton, Oldham, Lancashire. His parents worked for Yorkshire Bank, his mother as a cashier and his father as a middle-manager in the same branch. He was a keyboard player for pop band D:Ream in the 1990s.
Aron Steven Haddad (born August 3, 1982) is an American retired professional wrestler currently working as a manager in the National Wrestling Alliance under the ring name Aron Stevens. He is best known for his time in the WWE where he wrestled under the ring names Idol Stevens (when he teamed with KC James), Damien Sandow, Damien Mizdow (as the stunt double and tag team partner of The Miz) and Macho Mandow (a parody of "Macho Man" Randy Savage). After his release from WWE in 2016 he joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as Aron Rex and became the first ever Impact Grand Champion. In WWE he won the Tag Team Championship with The Miz in 2014 and the 2013 Money in the Bank ladder match. However, he became the first wrestler to lose his cash-in title match for the World Heavyweight Championship, when he was defeated by John Cena on the October 28 episode of "Raw".
The Fighting Temptations is a 2003 musical drama movie with Cuba Gooding Jr., and Beyoncé.
Thaddeus Michael Bullard Sr. (born April 29, 1977), better known by his ring name Titus O'Neil, is an American professional wrestler and former American football player. He is currently signed to WWE, where he serves as the company's Global Ambassador. As an active wrestler, he won the WWE Tag Team Championship and the 24/7 Championship once (and was also the first ever 24/7 Champion). He was one half of the Prime Time Players along with Darren Young. He competed on the second season of NXT where he finished 5th and also competed on the fifth season of NXT called NXT Redemption. He played professional football in the Arena Football League for the Utah Blaze, Tampa Bay Storm, Las Vegas Gladiators and Carolina Cobras.
William Alvin Moody (April 10, 1954 – March 5, 2013) better known by his ring name Paul Bearer as well as Percival Pringle III, was an American professional wrestling manager and professional wrestler. He was best known for managing both The Undertaker as well as his on-screen brother, Kane in the WWF/WWE. Moody was born on 10 April 1954 in Mobile, Alabama. He died on 5 March 2013 in Mobile, Alabama from a heart attack. Club board member of Cauliflower Alley Club "Cowboy" Bob Kelly said that during a reunion on 2 March, Moody was having trouble breathing and was also coughing. Moody said that he was going to be treated for respiratory problems and Kelly said that Moody was treated for a blood clot after the reunion.
Maurice Richard "Maury" Povich (born January 17, 1939) is an American television talk show host. He hosted the tabloid talk show "Maury", which began in 1991 and ended in 2022. Education and career. Povich graduated from the Landon School in 1957. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1962 with a degree in television journalism. He hosted the 2000 revival of the television game show "Twenty One". Personal life. Povich is married to former news anchor Connie Chung.
Darwinopterus (meaning "Darwin's wing") is a genus of pterosaur, discovered in China and named after Charles Darwin. It is the first known pterosaur to display features of both long-tailed (rhamphorhynchoid) and short-tailed (pterodactyloid) pterosaurs. "Darwinopterus" is a transitional fossil between the two groups.  Between 30 and 40 fossil specimens have been found, all collected from the Tiaojishan Formation, which dates to the Middle Jurassic, 160 million years ago (mya). The type species, "D. modularis", was described in February 2010.  Two additional species, "D. linglongtaensis" and "D. robustodens", were described from the same fossil beds in December 2010 and June 2011, respectively. The specimens showed sexual dimorphism: the males had crests on their heads, and narrower hips than the females. Mosaic features. This genus, and its near relatives, show a combination of 'primitive' (basal) and 'advanced' (derived) pterosaurian features. This is characteristic of transitional fossils ('missing links'), and is called modular evolution or mosaic evolution. "Darwinopterus" had long tails and other features of rhamphorhynchoids, they also had distinct pterodactyloid features, such as long vertebrae in the neck and a single skull opening in front of the eyes. Eggs. The specimen preserved along with an egg gave information on the reproductive strategies of "Darwinopterus" and pterosaurs in general.  Like the eggs of later pterosaurs and modern reptiles, the eggs of "Darwinopterus" had a parchment-like, soft shell. In modern birds, the eggshell is hardened with calcium carbonate, completely shielding the embryo from the outside environment. Soft-shelled eggs are permeable to water, and allow significant amounts to be absorbed into the egg during development. Eggs of this type are more vulnerable to the elements and are typically buried in soil.  David Unwin, a co-author of the paper,
Matthew Paul Clement (born August 12, 1974, in Butler, Pennsylvania) is a former Major League Baseball starting pitcher. Clement played for the San Diego Padres, Florida Marlins, Chicago Cubs and Boston Red Sox. While on the Red Sox active roster, he was injured all of the 2007 season. He batted and threw right-handed. On April 5, 2009, Clement said he was no longer going to play baseball.
Marin County, California is a county in the US state of California. It is north of the San Francisco Bay. The county seat and largest city is San Rafael. Cities and towns. This is a list of cities and towns in Marin County:
Dolce &amp; Gabbana, often called D&amp;G, is an Italian fashion label. They make and sell clothes including shirts and underwear. The company was founded in Milan in 1985 by Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana.
Transitional fossils (or missing links) are the fossilised remains of lifeforms that show features typical of two distinct groups. It may be a rare fossil, such as "Archaeopteryx", which shows early features of a group which later becomes widespread. The rarity of transitional forms is interesting. It suggests the new forms are not yet dominant in the ecology of their time, and their populations are relatively small. It follows that their fossils would be scarce. In the Solnhofen limestone where "Archaeopteryx" was found, there are more examples of pterosaurs of several genera than there are of the proto-bird. In the Jurassic, the pterosaurs were dominant in the air. Large numbers of different bird species are found in the famous Chinese lagerstatten deposits such as the Jehol biota. The Lower Cretaceous birds are clearly more bird-like, and the features they developed enabled them to invade habitat niches which had been the preserve of pterosaurs, or maybe were not previously exploited at all. Pterosaur decline (if present) seems unrelated to bird diversity. In fact, at least some bird niches were reclaimed by pterosaurs just before the KT event. Mosaic evolution. Typical of transitional fossils is that some features are clearly basal or primitive. Other features are advanced ('derived'). With "Archaeopteryx", the front legs are derived, and show clearly the capacity for flight. Also, the feathers had the rachus (stem) off-centre, a feature of all bird flight feathers. The rest of the skeleton was just like any other small carnivorous dinosaur.p35 Transitional fossil flatfish are known, where the process of eye movement is not yet complete. In a typical modern flatfish, the head is asymmetric with both eyes on one side of the head. In "Heteronectes", the transition from the symmetric head is incomplete, with one eye positioned near the top of the head, similar to its Italian relative "Amphistium". The existence of these intermediate stages was predicted by Darwin. When transition takes place between one group and another, not all features change at the same time. This is called mosaic evolution.408 Transitions between higher groups would involve a series of transitional species, only a few of which may be found as fossils.
Jan Vyčítal (March 8, 1942 in Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia – March 1, 2020) was a Czech country music singer and songwriter. He was founding member of Greenhorns.  Vyčítal died on March 1, 2020 at the age of 77.
A period 3 element is an element found on the third period (row) of the periodic table. The row has eight elements sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. Period 3 elements have electrons in the first three electron shells. The first and second electron shells are always full. The third electron shell (valence electrons) fills when atomic number gets bigger. Two electrons join the 3s orbital, and six electrons join the 3p orbitals.
A period 2 element is an element in the second period (row) of the periodic table. Period 2 has eight elements: lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. Their atomic numbers go from 3 to 10. Period 2 elements have electrons in the first two electron shells. The first electron shell is always full. The second electron shell (valence electrons) fills when atomic number gets bigger. Two electrons join the 2s orbital, and six electrons join the 2p orbitals. These atoms can become stable in two ways:
Mariner 1 was a NASA spacecraft. It was the first spacecraft in the Mariner program. Mariner 1 was planned to do a Venus fly-by. However, it was destroyed by the Range Safety Officer 293 seconds after launch. It was destroyed because the rocket moved off course and was a safety risk. Mariner 1 was followed by Mariner 2. Why it was destroyed. The Atlas-Agena rocket was controlled by a hand-written formula: formula_1 Which means "the th smoothed value of the time derivative of a radius R". However, for this mission, an overline (‾) was missing in the formula, which looks something like this: formula_2 Because the smoothing function was missing, the rocket became sensitive at minor changes. Then, the rocket became out of control and destroyed by the Range Safety Officer. Few years later, Arthur C. Clarke wrote that Mariner 1 was "wrecked by the most expensive hyphen in history".
Cornish cookery is the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with Cornwall. It has been heavily influenced by the geography of the county as well as its social history. Being a peninsula, fish dishes form a major part of the historical and modern recipes in Cornwall The fishing industry plays a major part in its economy. The iconic dish of Cornwall, the pasty, has its roots in the mining industry.  Cornwall's cookery has influenced and been influenced by other British cuisine. It is similar to the cuisine of its neighbour, Devon. Much of Cornwall's farming land is suitable for milk production and one of the by products is clotted cream (cream thickened by cooking). This is the basis for many local specialities including Cornish fudge and Cornish ice cream. It is used in Cornish cream teas. Cornish clotted cream is protected under EU law, and cannot be made anywhere else. Pasties. Cornwall is perhaps best known for its pasties, a savoury baked dish made from pastry. Today's pasties usually contain a filling of beef steak, onion, potato and swede with salt and white pepper. Historically pasties had a variety of different fillings. Pasties are often locally referred to as "oggies".
Pedro Eliezer Rodríguez Ledesma, commonly known as Pedro (born 28 July 1987) is a Spanish footballer. He plays for AS Roma and the Spanish national team.
Sergio Busquets i Burgos (born 16 July 1988) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Inter Miami and the Spanish national team. Club career statistics. 85||2
was a Japanese politician and thinker. He served as the 1st, 5th, 7th, 10th Prime Minister of Japan. Ito was the first Japanese Governor General of Korea 1896–1909.  Political life. In 1874, Ito became the Interior Minister, and from 1878 to 1880, he served as the Second Interior Minister. From 1884 to 1887, Ito was Imperial Household Minister.  From 1885 to 1888, he was first Prime Minister of Japan, and also, in 1887, was the Adjunct Foreign Minister of Japan. He served again as Prime Minister from 1892 to 1896, and again in 1898, and his final term was in 1900-1901 as the 10th Prime Minister. He was killed for political reasons.
Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi (born June 25, 1972) is one of the sons of Muammar al-Gaddafi. In 2021 he became a candidate for President of Libya. Saif studied architecture and political science. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics. Saif presides the Gaddafi International Foundation of Charitable Associations. In 2011, the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant against Saif. The court said that Saif may have committed crimes against humanity. According to the court, the Gaddafi regime used torture, killed people and raped women to incite the population to support the regime. After the Libyan civil war, Gaddafi was arrested. He tried to flee but was caught. He was flown to Zintan and has stayed there.
Pope Pius VI (; 25 December, 1717 – 29 August 1799), born Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 251st Pope from 1775 to 1799. Pope Clement XIII named him treasurer of the Roman Church in 1766. Cardinal. In 1775, Pope Clement XIV made Braschi a cardinal. Pope. Cardinal Braschi was elected pope in 1775; and he chose to be called Pius VI. Pope Pius was involved in Italian and European political disputes.
Mariner 2 was a NASA spacecraft. It was the second spacecraft in the Mariner program. Mariner 2 was the first successful mission from Earth to another planet. Mission. Mariner 2 was launched on August 27, 1962 aboard an Atlas-Agena B rocket at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The aim of the Mariner 2 mission was to fly-by the planet Venus and return information on the planet's atmosphere, magnetic field, charged particle environment, and mass. Mariner 2 was at its closest to Venus, at a distance of 34,773 km, on December 14, 1962. Orbital perihelion was on December 27, 105,464,560 km away. The last radio signal from Mariner 2 was received on January 3, 1963. Mariner 2 is still orbiting around the Sun today. Design. The spacecraft's design was exactly the same as that of Mariner 1. Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft in the Mariner program, but it had to be destroyed shortly after launch because its trajectory was wrong. Discoveries. The spacecraft found out that the surface temperature on Venus was at least 425 °C (797 °F), on both the day and night sides. It discovered that Venus rotates in the opposite direction from most planets in the Solar System. The spacecraft also found that the atmosphere of Venus is mostly of carbon dioxide and that there is a very high pressure at the planet's surface. Continuous cloud cover was detected but no magnetic field was, however. It also found that solar wind is continuous and that the density of cosmic dust between planets is much lower than it is near Earth.
A period 1 element is an element in the first period (row) of the periodic table. The periodic table is arranged in rows to show repeating properties of the elements. When the atomic number increases, the element have different properties. A new row begins when chemical properties repeat. It means that elements in the same group have similar properties. The first period has less elements than any other periods in the periodic table. There are only two elements in the first period: hydrogen and helium. We can explain why "there are less elements in the first row" in modern theories of atomic structure. This is because in quantum physics, this period fills up the 1s orbital. Period 1 elements follows the duet rule, they only need two electrons to complete their valence shell. These elements can only hold two electrons, both in the 1s orbital. Therefore, period 1 can have only two elements. Periodic trends. As period 1 only has two elements, there are no remarkable periodic trends. Position of period 1 elements in the periodic table. Although both hydrogen and helium are in the s-block, they do not behave similarly to other s-block elements. There is argument over where these two elements should be placed in the periodic table. Hydrogen. The position of hydrogen is sometimes above lithium, sometimes above carbon, sometimes above fluorine, sometimes above both lithium and fluorine (appearing two times), or floating above the other elements and not belongs to any group in the periodic table. Helium. The position of helium is almost always above neon (which is in the p-block) in the periodic table because it is a noble gas. However, sometimes the position of it is above beryllium because they have similar electron configuration. Elements in period 1. Hydrogen. Hydrogen (symbol:H) is a chemical element. Its atomic number is 1. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen has no color, no smell and no taste. It is a nonmetal, and it is highly flammable. It is a diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Its atomic mass is 1.00794 amu Hydrogen is the lightest element. Hydrogen is the