ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A blast furnace is a special type of furnace for smelting iron from ore. Blast furnaces are very large. They can be up to tall and in diameter. The blast furnace is the biggest chemical reactor. Blast furnaces are also called high ovens. A blast furnace is usually built with a steel case and bricks made of magnesium oxide or other refractory material inside the case. The hot furnace cannot melt these bricks. The furnace is cooled with water running inside part of the case and bricks. The process of making iron is simple. Iron ore is basically iron oxide. Iron is made by removing the oxygen. This leaves crude iron called "pig iron". This process of removing oxygen is called smelting. Carbon is used in the reduction process, with the ore heated to a high temperature. Carbon easily takes the oxygen off the ore in high temperatures. Process. Ore, limestone and carbon in the form of coke are put into the top of the blast furnace in layers. At the same time, hot air called "wind" is blown inside the furnace. Special nozzles called "tuyeres" are used to put the air in the furnace. The nozzles are at the bottom of the furnace. This process is called "blasting". It is why it is called a "blast furnace". The coke ignites (lights on fire) and burns. This creates carbon monoxide because there is not enough oxygen to make carbon dioxide. The carbon monoxide then reduces the metal oxide to the metal and makes carbon dioxide. This process is used to make iron. The limestone forms a substance called slag with the rock of the iron ore. The bottom part of the furnace is called the "hearth". When it has filled with liquid pig iron and slag, the slag is removed. This is called "skimming". Slag is lighter than iron and does not mix with iron. It floats on top of the iron. A hole is made in the hearth at the level of the slag with a special drill. The liquid slag moves out through the hole into a container called "slag pot". The iron is then drained from the hearth. This is called "tapping". A hole is made at
Włocławek is a town in northern Poland in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship with a population of 117,785 (June 2009). It has a large Jewish community. In 1939, when the Nazis invaded, the Jewish people of this town were the first to have to wear yellow Stars of David. Twin Areas. This town is twinned with the following places:  Bamberg, Germany;  Bedford, United Kingdom
Hurricane Carla was one of two Category 5 tropical cyclones. It hit the Texas shore in the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season as a Category 4 hurricane, becoming one of the most powerful storms to ever strike the United States. Hurricane Carla was the second strongest storm to ever hit the Texas shore. The storm caused over $2 billion (2005 US dollars) in damages, but because over 500,000 people who lived there moved out only 43 were killed. Meteorological history. A tropical depression started in the western Caribbean Sea on September 3 from a disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It moved northwestward, to become Tropical Storm Carla on the 5th and "Hurricane" Carla on the 6th. After touching the Yucatán Peninsula as a weak hurricane, Carla moved into the Gulf of Mexico and headed for the U.S. Gulf Coast. As it moved slowly across the Gulf of Mexico, Carla got stronger to its peak of 175 mph (280 km/h) winds (Category 5 intensity) on September 11. Just before landfall, it weakened, but Carla was still a very strong and unusually large Category 4 hurricane when it touched the shore between Port O'Connor and Port Lavaca, Texas, on the 11th. At the time, Carla became the largest hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin. Along the whole Texas shore, hurricane warnings were given, and people were moved out of their homes in low-lying areas. Impact. Storm surge was measured at 22 feet (6.6 m) near the heads of bays, in some places reaching 10 miles inland. Because of its large size, the whole Texas shore was hit, and damage was seen as far away as Dallas. Winds were reported to be 115 mph in Matagorda, 110 mph in Victoria and 88 mph in Galveston. Wind gusts as high as 170 mph were recorded at Port Lavaca. Pressure at landfall was measured at 931 mb (hPa), making it the eighth most intense hurricane to strike the United States in the 20th century.
is a Japanese prefecture in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Matsue. It has the second smallest population of any prefecture in Japan. Shimane Prefecture is part of the San'in area. San'in means "the shady side of the mountains". There is a mountain range separating Shimane and neighboring Tottori from Hiroshima and Okayama. That means that the weather here is much wetter than further to the south. History. The area of Shimane Prefecture includes the old provinces of Iwami Province, Izumo Province, and Oki Province.  Early history. The history of Shimane starts with Japanese mythology. In these myths, the Shinto god Ōkuninushi lived in Izumo, an old province in Shimane. Izumo Shrine honors this god.  Later on in the Kamakura period, the Kamakura Shogunate forced Emperor Gotoba and Emperor Godaigo into exile on Oki Island. Emperor Godaigo got away from Oki and successfully fought back against the shogunate. Middle Ages. During the Muromachi period, many clans fought over this area because there was a lot of silver. The Kyogoku clan controlled Izumo and Oki. However, after the Ōnin War, the Amago clan in Gassan-Toda castle increased in power, and the Masuda clan controlled Iwami. Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine was in between Amago clan territory and Masuda clan territory, so there were many battles between these lords for the large amount of silver. However, in 1566 Mouri Motonari (毛利元就) conquered Izumo, Iwami, and Oki. After over 30 years of Mori control, in 1600 Horio Yoshiharu entered Izumo and Oki after the Battle of Sekigahara which Mouri lost. Horio Yoshiharu decided to move and build Matsue Castle instead of Gassan-Toda. The castle was completed soon after Yoshiharu's death. Later in 1638, the grandson of Tokugawa Iey
The was a civil war in Japan. It lasted 10 years, starting in 1467 and ending in 1477. Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen had a conflict that grew into a war throughout the country. The Ashikaga shogunate and some daimyo in many regions of Japan fought in this war.  The conflict was the beginning of a very long struggle to dominate all of Japan.
Jonathan Peter Wilkinson OBE (born 25 May 1979) is an English rugby union player who now plays in France for Toulon.  He was born at Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley, Surrey, He was grew up in Farnham  He played for England when the team won the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He was awarded the MBE in 2003 and then the OBE in 2004.
Poul William Anderson (November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American science fiction author. He began his career during the Golden Age of the genre and continued to write and remain popular into the 21st century. Anderson also wrote books of fantasy, historical novels, and a very large number of short stories. He received many awards for his writing, including seven Hugo Awards and three Nebula Awards. Early life and career. Anderson received a degree in physics from the University of Minnesota in 1948. He married Karen Kruse in 1953. They had one daughter, Astrid, who is married to the science fiction author Greg Bear. Anderson was the sixth President of Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, starting in 1972.  He was a founding member of the Society for Creative Anachronism. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" to Anderson and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Poul Anderson died of cancer on July 31, 2001, after a month in the hospital. Several of his novels were published after his death.
Roblox is an online free to play video game and game creation system made by the Roblox Corporation. It was created by David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and released in 2006. The old name for "Roblox" was "Dynablocks".  Roblox allows players to create games and play games created by others, with many different types of games available. Roblox can be played on Mobile, PC, Playstation and Xbox. Virtual accessories to decorate User Avatars can be bought in the store using "Robux", a currency which costs real money to obtain but can also be earned by selling virtual items to other players. "Roblox" has over 205 million monthly active players and began to grow fast in 2021.  By December 2022, Robloxes popularity had fallen. It had 55.1 million daily active users worldwide. This is an increase from 19.1 million daily active users by the end of 2019. History. In 1989, David Baszuki and his brother Greg Baszuki released an Interactive Physics Software under the company they founded called Knowledge Revolution. The software was designed to teach Students about Physics in a 2D Space.  By 2004, David and his friend Erik Cassel had started working on a new 3D Multiplayer game, originally known as "DynaBlocks", but eventually changed the name to Roblox.  Later, Roblox published its beta version to public.  Roblox had made many big changes in 2006. In January 2006, Roblox had implemented Multiplayer.  In September 2006, Roblox left Beta and was made free for all players. later that Month, Roblox made changes to the multiplayer API so that players could make their own Multiplayer Games instead of just the Roblox Developers.  In May 2007, the Roblox Developers began making virtual items. Its first virtual item being a Red Baseball Cap. Later that year, Roblox started the Paid Membership known as Builders Club.  In 2008, Roblox released a mode called Guest Mode, which allowed users to play Roblox without creating an
Coco is a 2017 Mexican-American computer-animated musical fantasy movie. Production. It was made by Pixar and The Jim Henson Company. The director Lee Unkrich and Adrian Molina. The movie stars the voices of Anthony Gonzalez and Benjamin Bratt. Main character. The movie centers on a boy named Miguel who dreams of being a musician and is later taken to the afterlife on Día de los Muertos. Release. "Coco" was released on November 22, 2017. It was released with "Olaf's Frozen Adventure", a short movie that runs for about 14 minutes in theaters before "Coco" is shown.
A balloon is a kind of aircraft that stays in the sky by floating. People fly in balloons mostly for fun. A balloon is different from an airship. An airship is a floating aircraft that has an engine and can change its direction of movement. A balloon has no engine and has no way to change its direction of movement (except up and down). A balloon travels by moving with the wind. The bottom of the balloon is called the "basket" where people can sit or stand. The top of a balloon is a big cloth bag called the "envelope". Kinds of balloon aircraft. There are three kinds of balloon aircraft:
Benoît B. Mandelbrot (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-French-American mathematician. Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw into a Jewish-Lithuanian family. He is best known for his works with fractal geometry. He lived and worked until his death in the United States. He was a professor at the University of Yale.  Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw, Poland. His family lived in France under German occupation. He died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 85 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His most known development is the Mandelbrot set, which he discovered and described in 1979.
Echolocation is a way that some animals use to determine the location of things. They emit sound waves and listen for the echo. They use the delay to determine the distance. It is a kind of biological sonar.  Microbats find their insect prey in the dark this way. Whales and dolphins are two other kinds of mammals that use echolocation. Their sound waves go through the water, while the bats' sound waves go through the air. Radar is man-made echolocation using radio waves.
Gregory Dale Bear (August 20, 1951 – November 19, 2022) was an American science fiction author. He wrote about war across the galaxy, artificial universes, consciousness, and evolution. Biography. Bear was born in San Diego, California. From 1968 to 1973 he attended San Diego State University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1975, he married Christina M. Nielson, but they divorced in 1981. He remarried in 1983, to Astrid Anderson, the daughter of science fiction author Poul Anderson. They have two children, Erik and Alexandra. They live outside of Seattle, Washington. Career. Bear is often called a hard science fiction author because he uses many scientific details in his work. Bear often answers major questions in contemporary science and culture with fictional solutions. For example, "The Forge of God" tries to explain the Fermi paradox. If the galaxy is filled with intelligences that could be very dangerous, young civilizations could only survive by staying quiet so nobody would notice them and attack. In "Queen of Angels" Bear examines crime, guilt and punishment in society. He does this by examining consciousness and awareness. Part of the novel is about highly advanced computers that begging to become intelligent and aware of themselves as they communicate with humans. In the two books "Darwin's Radio" and "Darwin's Children" he writes about the problem of overpopulation with a mutation the human genome making, basically a new series of humans. The books bring up the question of cultural acceptance of something brand new that cannot be stopped. One of Bear's favorite themes is how observers effect or create reality. In "Blood Music" reality becomes unstable as the number of observers–trillions of intelligent single-cell organisms–gets higher and higher. Both "Anvil of Stars"–a sequel to "The Forge of God"–and "Moving Mars" propose a physics based on information exchange between particles, capable of being altered at the "bit level." (Bear has credited the inspiration for this idea to Frederick Kantor's 1967 treatise, "Information Mechanics.") In "Moving Mars" this knowledge is used
is a Japanese football player. Biography. Higashi was born in Kitakyushu on July 20, 1990. He joined J1 League club Oita Trinita from their youth team in 2009. He played many matches as offensive midfielder from first season. However Oita was relegated to J2 League end of the 2009 season. In 2011, he moved to Omiya Ardija and played in 2 seasons. In 2013, he moved to FC Tokyo. In July 2012, Higashi was selected to the Japan U-23 national team for 2012 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan and played all 6 matches. The team finished 4th place. Club statistics. "Updated to 5 November 2022". 1 2 3 3 National team statistics. !colspan="7"|International appearances and goals ! # !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Goal !! Competition !colspan="7"|2010 !colspan="7"|2011 Honours. Club. FC Tokyo
The serval ("Leptailurus serval") is a medium-sized wild cat which lives in sub-Saharan Africa. It is the only species in its genus. Description. The serval has the longest legs of all cats, relative to its size. Not only can it run fast, but it is an amazing jumper: two to three metres from a standing start. Its length as an adult is about 32 inches (body) and 16 inches (tail). It weighs about fourty pounds. There are a number of subspecies, and its geographical range is from the Cape of South Africa to Algeria, wherever the circumstances are right for it. It is lightly built, with very large ears and long legs. The back of the ears is black with a big white spot, and the tip of the tail is black. These signs serve as signals to other servals, including kittens. Habitat. The serval needs access to water, and dense grassland. Reed beds, scrub or high grass are typical habitats. It is territorial. Hunting and diet. The serval is nocturnal, and hunts mostly at night. The serval is an opportunistic predator whose diet includes rodents, hares, hyraxes, birds, reptiles, insects, fish, and frogs. As part of its adaptations for hunting in the savannas, the serval's long legs help it achieve a top speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph), and has large ears with acute hearing. Its long legs and neck allow the serval to see over tall grasses, while its ears are used to detect prey, even those burrowing underground. Servals have been known to dig into burrows in search of underground prey, and to leap 2 to 3 metres (7 to 10 ft) into the air to grab birds in flight. Using its spectacular jumping ability, the serval leaps into the air and bats the bird with its front paws. When the bird is on the ground, it bites its neck, killing it. Like most cats, the serval is a solitary animal. It travels as much as each night in search of food. The female defends home ranges of , depending on local prey availability. The male defends larger territories of , and marks its territory by spraying urine onto bushes.
0.999... (also written as 0. or 0., and read as "0 point 9 repeating") is one of the ways the number 1 (one) can be written. Even though it is written like this, no matter how many nines there are before the ellipsis, it is still equal in value to 1. About. 0.999... is a repeating decimal, which means the digit "9" is repeated forever. It is different from 0.999, which only has three 9s. 0.999... can also be written as formula_1 or formula_2. It is hard for many people to understand why 0.999... is the same as 1. There are many proofs that show why they are the same number, but many of these proofs are very complex. Examples. One simple way of showing that 0.999... and 1 are the same thing is to divide them both by the number 3. When 0.999... is divided by 3, the answer is 0.333..., which is the same as formula_3 (the fraction one third). formula_4 When 1 is divided by 3, the answer is formula_5. Since the answers are the same, that means that 0.999... and 1 are the same. Another way of thinking about it is if formula_6 and formula_7, then formula_8 therefore, as formula_9, 0.999... must also equal 1. There are many other ways of showing this. Another way of proving that 0.999... = 1 is by accepting the simple fact that if two numbers are different, there must be at least one number between them. For example, a number between 1 and 2 is 1.5, and a number between 0.9 and 1 is 0.95. Since 0.999... has an infinite number of 9s, there cannot be another number after the "last" 9, meaning there is no number between 0.999... and 1. Therefore, they are equal. One more common
Ophthalmosauridae were a family of Ichthyosaurs which lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous period. Within Ophthalmosauridae there are two lineages, one including "Aegirosaurus" and "Ophthalmosaurus", and the other including "Brachypterygius", "Caypullisaurus" and "Platypterygius". Only three genera survived the end-Jurassic extinction event: "Caypullisaurus", "Maiaspondylus", and "Platypterygius". They did, however, have a worldwide distribution. The last to survive was "Platypterygius". This genus became extinct about 30 million years before the end of the Upper Cretaceous period. It happened when there was a deep ocean anoxic event, which wiped out all the animals below pelagic waters. Ichthyosaurs, being reptiles, came to the surface to breath, but the extinction event removed their prey species.
An anoxic event (AE) is an event in which parts of the ocean have become low in oxygen (O2) below the surface levels, or when all the oxygen has gone. They may be called oceanic anoxic events or deep ocean anoxic events. Major anoxic events have happened, though not for millions of years. The geological record of organic-rich sediment (black shales) shows that they happened in the past. However, only "in rare, extreme cases, [did] euxinia lead to biotic crises. [The] hypothesis [is] best supported by evidence from the end-Permian mass extinction". Anoxic events may have caused mass extinctions. These mass extinctions were so characteristic that they have been used by geologists as markers in biostratigraphic dating. Typically, oceanic anoxic events last for under half a million years, before a full recovery. There are several places on earth today that show the features of anoxic events on a localized level. 'Dead zones' exist off the East Coast of the United States in the Chesapeake Bay, in the Scandinavian strait Kattegat, the Black Sea, in the northern Adriatic and off the coast of Louisiana. Events which may have caused anoxic events. It is not known why anoxic events may have happened. Some ideas include: All of these events may have caused mass extinction in the seas, changing ways in which all animals which feed on sea creatures.
Metriacanthosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in Europe during the Middle Jurassic period, about 160 million years ago. Its name means "Moderate-spined lizard", because its back vertebrae are taller than other meat-eating dinosaurs such as "Allosaurus", but shorter than those of other meat-eating dinosaurs, such as "Acrocanthosaurus". Like most theropods, "Metriacanthosaurus" was a meat-eater. It had three fingers on each hand. Each finger ended in a sharp, hook-like claw that was used to grab prey before giving the killing bite with its jaws. It probably preyed on the large, long-necked sauropods, such as "Pelorosaurus", that lived in the same time and place as it. It was originally classified as a megalosaurid, but recent studies show that it belongs to its own family, the Metriacanthosauridae In popular culture. In "Jurassic Park", one of the vials of dinosaur DNA that Dennis Nedry steals is labeled "Metriacanthosaurus".
Acrocanthosaurus was a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Lower Cretaceous period. Its name means "high-spined lizard." This refers to the spines on its vertebrae, which formed a sail or hump when the animal was alive. Its classification is uncertain. It was originally classified as a spinosaur because the spines on its back looked like those of "Spinosaurus". However, "Acrocanthosaurus" is now classified as a carnosaur. Most paleontologists believe that it was a carcharodontosaurid. "Acrocanthosaurus" was 38 feet long, almost as large as "Tyrannosaurus rex", and weighed about 6 or 7 short tons. It was the largest theropod in North America before the evolution of the tyrannosaurs. Long, low ridges start at the nasal bones. They run along each side of the snout from the nostril back to the eye, and they continue onto the lacrimal bones. This is a characteristic feature of all allosaurids. A famous trackway in Paluxy, Texas shows tracks of what might be an "Acrocanthosaurus" and its prey. While interesting and plausible, this hypothesis is difficult to prove, and other explanations exist. In popular culture. "Acrocanthosaurus" was featured in an episode of the television documentary "Monsters Resurrected". It was depicted as the top predator in early Cretaceous North America. A juvenile was scared away from its kill by a pack of "Deinonychus", and was forced to hunt more difficult prey, such as a "Sauropelta".