ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The molar heat capacity of a substance is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one mole of it by one degree Celsius. When using SI units, it can be calculated with the equation formula_1 where formula_2 refers to the molar heat capcity (in joules per Kelvin), formula_3 to the heat supplied (in joules) and formula_4 (in Kelvin) to the temperature change in the substance. The molar heat capacity of a given substance can be found by heating the substance by releasing a known amount of energy into the substance and measuring the temperature change. For example, a common school experiment to find the molar heat capacity of water involves heating a beaker of water with an immersion heater (that can display the heat released in joules on a display) and stirring the water, while checking the temperature at specific intervals. For more accurate results, a bomb calorimeter can be used; these contain a chamber of fuel (in this case, a compound that will release heat when needed) inside a chamber of water, with the water chamber protected by heat-proof walls (to ensure minimal heat loss, which would affect the final heat capacity recorded).
The spontaneity of a process refers to whether or not the reaction would occur without an input of energy, because of the value of the reaction's Gibbs free energy. The Gibbs free energy is given by:  formula_1 where formula_2 refers to the Gibbs free energy, formula_3to the enthalpy change, formula_4 to the temperature (in Kelvin) and formula_5 to the entropy change. If the Gibbs free energy change is 0 or negative, the reaction is said to be spontaneous and can occur without an input of energy into the system. If the Gibbs free energy were above 0, the reaction would not be spontaneous and would require an input of energy in order for it to proceed. In equilibrium reactions, a reaction one way will be spontaneous, while the reverse reaction will be non-spontaneous. Therefore, using a general formula for equilibria: &lt;chem&gt;A &lt;=&gt; B + C&lt;/chem&gt; If the formation of compounds formula_6 and formula_7 from formula_8 were spontaneous, the formation of compound formula_8 from formula_6 and formula_7 would be non-spontaneous. An example of a spontaneous process is the conversion of diamond into graphite, because graphite has a more thermodynamically stable structure. An example of a non-spontaneous process would be the combustion of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, as this requires an input of energy.
Peep and the Big Wide World is an American animated children's television show. It was created by Kaj Pindal. "Peep and the Big Wide World" was based on the 1988 short movie "Peep and the Big Wide World". The movie was produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The short was based on the 1962 short "The Peep Show". It was also produced by the National Film Board of Canada. "Peep and the Big Wide World" premiered on April 12, 2004 on Discovery Kids and on TLC as part of their "Ready Set Learn" children's block. On the same day, it also premiered on TVOKids and Discovery Kids. It ended on the Discovery Children's networks on October 10, 2010. It ended with the end of "Ready Set Learn" and the replacement of Discovery Kids with The Hub. The program is still offered to public television stations by independent public television distributor Discovery Communications. Since January 1, 2018, the series was distributed by both Discovery Kids and APT. The program was underwritten by the National Science Foundation. Northrop Grumman underwrote the fourth season in 2009. Each episode had two 9-minute animated stories. They also had two 2-minute live action segments. In these segments, children explore and demonstrate the same topics that were shown in the animated segment. Broadcast. On January 1, 2018, Peep and the Big Wide World was picked up on the 24-hour PBS Kids channel, marking the first time to air the series for PBS member stations, which never acquired the series since it's original run in 2004. The broadcast of the series ended on December 26, 2021, when it was replaced with reruns of Dinosaur Train to the 7:30 a.m. weekend morning timeslot. And then on February 1, 2023, Peep and the Big Wide World returned picked up on the 24-hour PBS Kids channel, marking the first time to air the series for PBS member stations, which never acquired the series since it's original run in 2004.
An immobilized enzyme is an enzyme that is attached to an inert, insoluble material. This can provide a higher resistance to changes in condition such as pH or temperature. Commercial use. Immobilised enzymes can be important for commercial uses as they have many benefits to the cost and processes of the reaction such as:
U.S. Route 56 (US 56) is an east–west United States highway. It goes for in the Midwestern United States. The highway's eastern endpoint is at U.S. Route 71 in Kansas City, Missouri. Its western endpoint is at Interstate 25 Business in Springer, New Mexico. Much of it follows the Santa Fe Trail. Route description. The highway goes through New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. It also touches a corner of Texas at a small road junction near the New Mexico/Oklahoma border.
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a 1,465 mile (2,358 km) long east–west United States highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western endpoint of the route is at US 89, five miles (8 km) west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern endpoint is at US 67 and Missouri 158, southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri. Its route was made famous in song in 1975. This is because the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".
U.S. Route 166 (US 166) is a west–east United States highway. This route and US-266 are the only two remaining parts of historic U.S. Route 66 (which was decommissioned in 1985), since US-666 was renumbered to US-491 in 2003. US-166 meets the old route of US-66, now designated US-69 Alternate, in Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas.
U.S. Route 270 (US 270) is a spur of US 70. It goes for from Liberal, Kansas at US 54 to White Hall, Arkansas at Interstate 530 (I-530) and US 65. It goes through the states of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It goes through the cities of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Hot Springs, Arkansas, and McAlester, Oklahoma. Route description. Kansas. US 270 starts in the southeast part of Liberal, Kansas. It is at an intersection with US 83 (running north–south through the intersection) and US 54. US 270 follows the south partg of this intersection, following US 83 south. US 270 only goes in Kansas before it goes into Oklahoma. Seward County is the only Kansas county that US-270 is in.
U.S. Route 73 (US 73) is a north–south United States highway. it goes for from northeast Kansas to southeast Nebraska. The highway's southern endpoint is Bonner Springs, Kansas at I-70. Its northern endpoint is near Dawson, Nebraska at US 75. Route description. Kansas. U.S. Route 73 starts at I-70 in Kansas City. It goes along with U.S. Route 24, U.S. Route 40, and K-7. Two miles north of its endpoint, US 24 and US 40 turn west; US 73 continues north with K-7. It goes north with K-7 through Lansing, where it intersects K-5. US 73 and K-7 then go through Leavenworth. It goes northwestern from Leavenworth. It meets K-192 near Easton. At Atchison, it turns west. At Atchison, K-7 ends. US 73 goes along with U.S. Route 59. It goes west. It then turns northwest near Lancaster at its intersection with K-9. It goes through Huron. It goes along with K-20 near Everest. It goes west into Horton, and it intersects U.S. Route 159. The two highways go north together, and they meet U.S. Route 36 at Hiawatha. After going northwest through Reserve, US-73 and US-159 turn north and enter Nebraska.
U.S. Route 75 is a major north–south U.S. Highway. It goes in the central United States. The highway's northern endpoint is in Noyes, Minnesota, at the Canada–US border. Its southern endpoint is at Interstate 30 and Interstate 45 in Dallas, where it is called North Central Expressway. U.S. 75 was a cross-country route. It went from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston, Texas. However, the entire part south of Dallas has not been used in favor of Interstate 45. That part became Texas State Highway 75.
Roberto Totaro (born 1957 in Belluno) is an Italian cartoonist. He is famous for the comic "Nirvana", also translated into Spanish. Biography. Roberto Totaro was born in 1957 in Belluno, in northern Italy, and studied at Artistic Liceo (High School) and L'accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia (University of Art in Venice). He started his career during the 80's, learning from the Disney author Luciano Gatto, and drawing comics for the italian magazine Topolino (italian for Mickey Mouse).
U.S. Route 77 (US 77) is a major north–south United States highway. It goes for 1305 miles in the central United States. As of 2005, the highway's northern endpoint is in Sioux City, Iowa, at an interchange with Interstate 29. Its southern endpoint is in Brownsville, Texas, at Veteran's International Bridge on the U.S.-Mexico border. The road does not have signs in and around Dallas, Texas. The route has major freeway parts in Oklahoma City. It includes the Broadway Extension part, which connects suburban Edmond to downtown Oklahoma City. Route description. Kansas. US-77 goes for in Kansas. It is a Blue Star Memorial Highway between the U.S. 40 junction and the Cowley County line. In Cowley County, it is called the Robert B. Docking Memorial Highway. Near Arkansas City, it is called the Walnut Valley Greenway. From Nebraska to U.S. 24 and from K-15 to Arkansas City, it is part of the National Highway System.
Simone Albrigi (born 8 October 1988, Verona, Italy) better known as "Sio" is an Italian cartoonist and youtuber. Biography. He was educated at Ca' Foscari University of Venice. In 2006 he joined the group Shockdom and he pubblished his first Comic "L'uomo scottecs". The English version of the comic was released in 2012. Sio became a father in 2019, and on 30th May, he published his first videogame "Super Cane Magic ZERO - Legend of the Cane Cane".
U.S. Route 81 or U.S. Highway 81 (US 81) is a major north–south U.S. highway. It goes for in the central United States. It is one of the original United States Numbered Highways created in 1926 by the American Association of State Highway Officials. The route of US 81 follows that of the old Meridian Highway which dates back as early as 1911. The highway has alternately (and unofficially) been known as part of the Pan-American Highway. In the part in the state of Oklahoma, the highway closely follows the old Chisholm Trail for cattle drives from Texas to railheads in Kansas in the 1860s and 1870s. As of 2004, the highway's northern endpoint is just north of Pembina, North Dakota, at the Canadian border. Its southern endpoint is in Fort Worth, Texas, at an intersection with I-35W and US 287. Between 1926 and 1991, US 81's southern endpoint was at the Mexican border in Laredo, Texas. In 1991, the endpoint was moved to San Antonio.
U.S. Route 400 (US 400) is a mostly east–west U.S. Highway. It was created in 1994. The highway's western endpoint is in Granada, Colorado, at an intersection with US 385. The highway's eastern endpoint is southwest of Joplin, Missouri, near Loma Linda, at an interchange with Interstate 44. It originally ended in Garden City, Kansas; in 1996 it was made longer to its current western endpoint. Its route number does not follow the usual AASHTO numbering scheme, as there is no "parent" US 0. Route description. Colorado. US 400 begins in Granada at an intersection with US 385. It then goes along with US 50 through Holly east to the Kansas border. Kansas. US-400 and US-50 enter Kansas west of Coolidge. They go together through Garden City, where it intersects US-83. They separate at Dodge City. This is where it intersects US-56 and US-283. It goes southeast from Dodge City and first intersects US-54 at Mullinville. US-400 and US-54 start going together at Mullinville. This goes through Greensburg, Pratt and Kingman before going into Wichita. While in Wichita, US-400 and US-54 intersect Interstate 235. It goes along with US-81 and Interstate 135. K-96 provides a short freeway connection to Interstate 35, which is also the Kansas Turnpike. At Augusta, US-400 and US-54 goes along with US-77. US-400 separates at Haverhill. US-400 goes east through several small towns before turning southeast to go through the Fredonia area. It intersect US-75 at Neodesha. After going along with US-75, it turns east. It intersects U.S. Route 169 near Morehead and then US-59 near Parsons. Then it intersects US-69 south of Pittsburg. It then turns south with US-69. At Crestline, it follows US-69A south to Riverton. US-400 then turns east with US-166 at Baxter Springs. The two highways go eastward into Missouri. Missouri. US 400, along with US 166, ends at I-44 about one mile (1.6 km) east of the Kansas-Missouri state line. It is three miles (5 km) west of Joplin.
Tyson Foods, Inc. is an American multinational corporation based in Springdale, Arkansas. It is in the food industry. The company is the world's second biggest processor and marketer of chicken, beef, and pork after JBS S.A.. Every year, it exports the biggest percentage of beef out of the United States. It operates major food brands, including Jimmy Dean, Hillshire Farm, Sara Lee, Ball Park, Wright Brand, Aidells, and State Fair. Tyson Foods ranked No. 80 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Profile. The company was created by John W. Tyson in 1935. World War II helped their business because chicken was not included in foods that were rationed. As of 2014, the company has 115,000 employees. They have more than 300 facilities, over 100 of which are in the US.
National Beef is an American food company. They are a beef processor. The company is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. They make fresh, chilled, and further processed beef and beef by-products for customers worldwide. The company’s main focuses include branded box beef, consumer ready beef, portion control beef and wet blue leather. Sales &amp; Operations. National Beef is the United States’s fourth biggest beef processor. They make more than $7 billion every year. Controversies. Between 1991 and 1994, several accidental and unrelated employee deaths happened. The company faced legal prosecution. The cases ended with settlements.
The Saline River is a tributary of the Smoky Hill River in the central Great Plains of North America. The entire river is in the U.S. state of Kansas in the northwest part of the state. The river got its name from the French translation of its Native name Ne Miskua. It refers to how salty the river is. Geography. The Saline River starts in the High Plains of northwestern Kansas. The south tributary of the river rises near the Sherman County-Thomas County line. The north tributary rises in central Thomas County. The confluence of the two rivers are in Sheridan County roughly northwest of Grinnell, Kansas. From this confluence, the Saline River goes east for through the Smoky Hills region of north-central Kansas. It joins the Smoky Hill River about 1 mile south of New Cambria, Kansas in Saline County. The Saline is slow and can't be used for transportation. It has no major tributaries. It has a riverbed of sand and mud. The Saline River goes through these counties: History. The first recorded reference to the Saline River was on October 18, 1724, by French explorer Etienne Venyard de Bourgmont. He wrote that he found a "small river where the water was briny." Bourgmont was on his way to discuss a peace treaty with the Padouca. Their "Grand Village" was on the Saline River's banks. In 1806, an American journey led by Zebulon Pike crossed the river on its way to visit the Pawnee. By 1817, the river was called the "Grand Saline." The Pawnee and the Kansa, who used the area for hunting, had land along the Saline River. This was until the 1850s when American settlers started coming. The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 created the Kansas Territory, which included all of the Saline River. By 1873, the U.S. government had removed the Kansa to a reservation in the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). In August 1867, Cheyenne warriors killed a group of railroad workers
Wilson Lake is a reservoir in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is on the border of Russell County and Lincoln County. It was built and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for flood control. It is also used for wildlife management and recreation. Several parks are along its shoreline, including Wilson State Park. History. The Corps of Engineers planned, designed, and built Wilson Dam. They completed it in 1964 for $20 million. Geography. Wilson Lake is at (38.9401464, -98.5567638) at an elevation of . It is in north-central Kansas in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Most of Wilson Lake is in Russell County. A small part of its southeastern part goes into Lincoln County. The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by Wilson Dam. The dam is at (38.9666777, -98.4947876) at an elevation of . The Saline River is the reservoir's main inflow of water from the west. It is also the reservoir's main outflow to the east. Smaller tributaries include Elm Creek, which flows from the south into the western part of the reservoir, and Hell Creek, which feeds the reservoir's southeastern arm. Kansas Highway 232 goes north-south along the reservoir's eastern shore. It also goes across the top of Wilson Dam. Shoreline Road, a paved county road, goes east-west parallel to the southern shore. It crosses the reservoir's southeastern part. Hydrography. The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir changed based on inflow and local climate. When the reservoir is full, it has a surface area of , a surface elevation of , and a volume of . Infrastructure. Wilson Dam is a dam that has a floor made of rock and soil. It is tall and long.
Arthur Gerald "Gerry" Fairhead (March 23, 1923 – July 5, 2019) was a Canadian sailor. He placed eighth in the Star class at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Fairhead died on July 5, 2019 at the age of 96.
Godfried Theodore Patrick Toussaint (1944 – July 2019) was a Canadian computer scientist. He was a Professor of Computer Science, and the Head of the Computer Science Program at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD). He did research on many aspects of computational geometry and discrete geometry. He was a co-founder of the Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry, and the annual Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry.
Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer. Pikes Peak in Colorado is named after him. As a U.S. Army officer, President Thomas Jefferson asked him to lead two journeys through the new Louisiana Purchase territory. The first was in 1805-06 to explore the upper northern parts of the Mississippi River. The second journey was in 1806-07 to explore the Southwest to the edges of the northern Spanish-colonial settlements of New Mexico and Texas. Pike's journeys happened at the same time as other journeys that happened while Thomas Jefferson was president. This include the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) and the Thomas Freeman and Peter Custis expedition up the Red River (1806). Pike's second journey crossed the Rocky Mountains into what is now southern Colorado. He was captured by the Spanish colonial authorities near Santa Fe. They sent Pike and his men to Chihuahua (present-day Mexico), to be questioned. Later in 1807, Pike and some of his men were led by the Spanish through Texas, and they were released near American territory in Louisiana. In 1810, Pike wrote a book about his journeys. The book was so popular that it was translated into Dutch, French, and German languages, for publication in Europe. He later became a brigadier general in the American Army. He served during the War of 1812, until he was killed during the Battle of York, in April 1813. Early and family life. Early life and education. Pike was born during the Revolutionary War, on January 5, 1779, near Lamberton, now called Lamington in Bedminster, New Jersey, in Somerset County, New Jersey. His mother was Isabella (Brown), and his father was Zebulon Pike. He would become similar to his father, who had started his own career in the military service of the United States in 1775, at the outset of the American Revolutionary War. Marriage and family. Zebulon Pike, Jr. married Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801. They had one child
Miriam Butterworth (April 14, 1918 – July 9, 2019) was an American educator, activist, and politician. She was a Democrat. In the 1940s, she helped equalize representation in the Connecticut General Assembly.  She was involved in the international peace movement and worked for peace to end the Vietnam War and later as a monitor for voting in Nicaragua. After teaching at independent schools, Butterworth was chair of the Public Utilities Control Authority. She was president of Hartford College for Women and was on the Town Council of West Hartford. Butterworth died from heart disease on July 9, 2019 in Bloomfield, Connecticut, aged 101.
Toy &amp; Wing were an Asian-American tap dance duo. The duo were known as Dorothy Toy (real name Shigeko Takahashi, May 28, 1917 – July 10, 2019) and Paul Wing (real name Paul Wing Jew, October 14, 1912 – April 27, 1997). They were known as the "Chinese Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers".  They were active in the 1930s and 1940s. They were the first Asian-Americans to enter the American tap dance scene. Dorothy Toy was born on May 28, 1917 in San Francisco. She died on July 10, 2019 in Oakland, California at the age of 102. Paul Wing was born in Menlo Park, California on October 14, 1912 and died on April 27, 1997 at the Veterans Home of California located in Yountville, California. He was 85 years old.
Inger Berggren (23 February 1934 – 19 July 2019) was a Swedish singer. Her biggest hits were "Sol och vår" and "Elisabeth serenad", both in 1962. She participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1962. She was the mother of the actress Gunilla Röör. Berggren was born in Stockholm. Berggren died on 19 July 2019 in Stockholm at the age of 85.
Chaser (April 28, 2004 – July 23, 2019) was a Border Collie with the largest tested memory of any non-human animal. Chaser worked with Professor John W. Pilley, at his home in Spartanburg, South Carolina, from eight weeks old, until Pilley's death in June 2018. She was trained in a formal research project. Chaser could identify and retrieve 1,022 toys by name. On July 23, 2019, Chaser died from natural causes, at the age of 15 years, in her home in Spartanburg, South Carolina.
Redding Municipal Airport (IATA:RDD IACO:KRDD FAA:RDD) is a public airport that lies 11 kilometers southeast of Redding, California. The airport was first used by the United States Army Air Force in 1942, but the military use for the airport was ended 1949. The airport is now used for both general and commercial flights with United Express, a small branch of United Airlines, having flights to San Francisco and Los Angeles.
Insular area is the name for one of the territories of the United States which are not a state of the union. People that live in these areas usually have no right to vote in US elections. Sometimes, they take part in preliminary elections.  There are three areas in the Pacific Ocean:  The following areas are in the Caribbean: Uninhabited islands. The term is also used for many uninhabited islands, which the US claims as its territory. Most of these are in the Pacific: Only a few are in the Caribbean: