ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Sahibzada Mir Masjidi Khan (died 1841) was a leader in the Kohistan region of Afghanistan. He opposed the occupation of Afghanistan by the Government of British India during the First Anglo-Afghan War. Leaders in the Kohistan region including Mir Masjidi Khan, refused to pay taxes to the British, and began to organize their soldiers in July 1840. After attacks by British soldiers he and Sultan Muhammad Khan joined forces with Dost Muhammad Khan and fought a major battle with British at Parwan on November 2nd, 1840. After the battle Mir Masjid Khan continued to attack the British, while Dost Muhammad Khan surrendered. Mir Masjidi was later given poison by the British and he later died. He is remembered by the Mir Masjidi Khan Medal, the second highest civilian award in Afghanistan. Winners have included the boxer Hamid Rahimi, truck driver Adam Khan, Olympic games coach Bashir Taraki and teacher Attaullah Wahidyar.
The black rhinoceros ("Diceros bicornis"), is a species of rhinoceros. It lives in eastern and central Africa including Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Angola. The black rhinoceros is not actually black, but dark. It is a browser, with lips that help eating from low branches. Rhinoceros and oxpeckers. There is a type of bird called an oxpecker in English that likes to sit on the rhino's back and eat insects and other small animals that bite the rhino's skin. Because the birds also peck at the rhinos' skins with their beaks and hurt it, scientists wondered why the rhinos do not shake the birds off their backs. One team of scientists from California State University and Victoria University in Australia found that the black rhinoceros listens for the noises the oxpecker makes. Rhinoceros cannot see well but oxpeckers can. Oxpeckers make a noise when they see humans nearby that is different from their other noises. The rhinos hear this noise and then either look for the human or run away. The scientists performed an experiment: A human would slowly walk toward a rhino. Rhinos without oxpeckers on their backs only noticed the human one out of five times, but rhinos with oxpeckers noticed the human every time and from much further away. The scientists wondered if bringing flocks of oxpeckers to groups of rhinoceros without them would help the rhinos avoid human hunters. The scientists had the idea for this experiment because the Swahili language word for oxpecker is "Askari wa kifaru," which means "the rhino's guard" in English. One of the scientists said it was important to listen to indigenous peoples when studying things in the places where those people live. "We too often dismiss the importance of indigenous people and their observations," said ecologist Roan Plotz, who worked on this study. "While western science has been incredibly useful, there are many insights we can learn from indigenous communities." Threats. Black rhinoceros is currently one
Mafdet was a goddess in early Egyptian mythology. She protected against snakes and scorpions and was often shown as either some sort of feline or mongoose. In art, Mafdet was shown as a feline, a woman with a feline head, or a feline with the head of a woman.
Majed Ahmed Abdullah Al-Mohammed (; born 1 November 1959 in Jeddah) is a retired Saudi Arabian footballer. He played as a striker. He has scored more goals for the Saudi national team than any other player. He was nicknamed the Arabian Pelé. Abdullah was voted as the best football player in the history of Saudi Arabia in a poll by IBOPE Zogby International.
The phrases, "Two wrongs make a right" and "two wrongs don't make a right" are English phrases that denote philosophical norms.  The key idea is based on the "two wrongs" phrase which consider the two things as wrong. “Two wrongs don't make a right”, is a proverb used to rebuke or renounce wrongful conduct as a response to another's assumed transgression. “Two wrongs make a right” in which an allegation of wrongdoing is countered with a similar allegation. In English language, it might be considered as a fallacy of relevance. “Two wrongs make a right”. “Two wrongs make a right” might be considered as a fallacy of relevance when assuming that, if one wrong is committed, then another wrong will cancel it out.  This phrase considers the two actions are wrong. For this reason it is not used by a wrongdoer which does not consider its action as wrong. This phrase considers breaking the law (or the wrong) is justified, as long as the other party also does so.  Two wrongs do not make one right. Two wrongs don't make a right is a proverb which means that a wrongful action is not an appropriate way to correct or cancel a previous wrongful action, in regard to a norm. Additionally, it alleges the first action is also wrong. Relationship. When both actions are considered wrong, the two phrases might be opposed to each other. Criticism. Common use of the term has been criticized by scholar Gregory S. Kavka writing in the "Journal of Business Ethics". Kavka refers back to philosophical concepts of retribution by Thomas Hobbes. He states that if something supposedly held up as a moral standard or common social rule is violated enough in society, then an individual or group within society can break that standard or rule as well since this keeps them from being unfairly disadvantaged. As well, in specific circumstances violations of social rules can be defensible if done as direct responses to other violations. For example, Kavka states that it is wrong to deprive someone of their property but it is right to take property back from a criminal who takes other's property in the first place. He
Siegfried Sassoon (8 September 1886 – 1 September 1967) was an English poet and novelist, who became widely known as a result of a protest against the First World War that he made in 1917. Background. Sassoon's father, Alfred, came from a very rich family, but they did not approve of his marriage and as a result he did not inherit any of the family fortune. Sassoon's mother, Theresa, came from a family of artists. She and Alfred had three sons: Michael, Siegfried and Hamo, but Alfred left her when the children were still very young. Alfred himself died not long afterwards, leaving Theresa to bring up the three boys. Although they were not as wealthy as Alfred's family, they were able to live comfortably in a large house near the village of Matfield in Kent. Early life. As a young man, Siegfried could afford to keep a horse and became a very inspiring and a very good professional rider, but his greatest ambition was to be a millionaire and a poet. He did not succeed in finding a publisher for any of his work until just before the First World War broke out. At that point, he joined the army. He chose the Sussex Yeomanry, in order that his horse could go with him rather than being taken by the authorities for other uses. As a result of a riding accident during training, he was out of action for a while, and he then decided to join an infantry regiment and become an officer. The regiment he joined was the Royal Welch Fusiliers, and he began with the rank of lieutenant. Eventually Sassoon was sent out to France to fight on the Western Front and was shocked by his experiences there. He became friends with another poet, Robert Graves, who, although younger than Sassoon, had been at the Front for longer and had grown used to it. He suggested that Sassoon's poetry could be improved if he began to write in a more realistic way about the things he saw and experienced in France, and Sassoon took his advice and changed his style a lot. By 1917, many of Sassoon's friends, and his brother, had been killed and
Bart Willoughby (born on 12 September 1960) is an Aboriginal Australian musician. He became notable during the 1980s for introducing a unique style of music, mixing aboriginal music with reggae and rock music. Willoughby is often seen as a pioneer for modern indigenous musicians in Australia. He was the first Aborigine to sign a record contract and the first to compose the music for a movie. His band No Fixed Address was the first indigenous band to tour overseas. Since then, Willoughby has performed with many famous musicians and bands, including Midnight Oil, Cold Chisel, Peter Tosh, Shane Howard and Yothu Yindi. Willoughby is now known as one of Australia's leading Aboriginal rock composers and performers. His song "We Have Survived", composed when he was 18, is often seen as a kind of anthem by indigenous Australians. Others of his more well known songs include "Black Man's Rights", "Aboriginal Woman" and "My Father is an Aboriginal Man". Childhood. Willoughby was born in 1960 in South Australia. His father was Kokatha, with relations to the Pitjantjatjara and Warlpiri nations; and his mother was a member of the Mirning people, from the Nullabor Plain. Willoughby grew up at Koonibba, which was a Lutheran mission at the time. When he was 15 years old, he began learning at the Centre for Aboriginal Studies in Music at the University of Adelaide. Here he was introduced to drumming, guitars and Western music. Over the next few years there, he developed an unusual style of music by mixing traditional indigenous music with modern Western music styles, particularly reggae. Career. No Fixed Address. In 1978, Willoughby formed his first band, No Fixed Address. This was Australia's first indigenous rock band. The band played its first big concert in 1979, and held several gigs over the next few years. They mostly played at concerts that promoted political and social causes. The band signed a recording contract in 1982, with Rough Diamond Records. It was the first record deal with an Aboriginal musical act
"We Have Survived" is a song by the Australian band No Fixed Address. It was written by Bart Willoughby when he was 18. It first appeared in the movie "Wrong Side of the Road", and was released on its soundtrack in 1980. It was later included on the band's first album "From My Eyes" from 1982. "We Have Survived" is often sung as a kind of anthem by Indigenous Australians. It is often performed by cover bands in pubs and festivals. In 2008, it was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry.
The Taklamakan Desert, also known as Taklimakan and Teklimakan, is a desert in Northwest China, in the southwest part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. It is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south and the desert Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan to the west and north. The Taklamakan Desert Ecoregion is a Chinese ecoregion of the Deserts and xeric shrublands Biome.  There is very little water in the desert and it is dangerous to cross. Merchant caravans on the Silk Road stopped for relief at the thriving oasis towns. The key oasis towns, watered by rainfall from the mountains, were Kashgar, Marin, Niya, Yarkand and Khotan to the south, Kuqa and Turpan in the north and Loulan and Dunhuang in the east. Some of these are now ruined cities in sparsely inhabited areas in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The present population consists largely of Turkic Uyghur people.
Rapid plant movement means quick movement of plant structures, usually under a second.  For example, the Venus Flytrap closes its trap in about 100 milliseconds. Some other carnivorous plants, such as the bladderworts, also have a rapid response to insects. The Dogwood Bunchberry, "Cornus canadensis", has a flower which opens its petals and fires pollen in less than 0.5 milliseconds. The record is currently held by the White Mulberry tree, "Morus alba", whose leaves are used to cultivate silkworms. It is also notable for the rapid release of its pollen, which is launched at over half the speed of sound. The stamens act as catapults, releasing stored elastic energy in just 25 µs. "This is the fastest motion yet observed in biology, and approaches the theoretical physical limits for movements in plants". The very widespread genus "Impatiens" gets its common name, "touch-me-not", from its seed capsules. When the capsules mature, they "explode" when touched, shooting seeds several metres away. A comparatively slow-moving plant is "Mimosa pudica", which closes its leaflets in a graceful sequence. These rapid plant movements contrast with the more common, and much slower "growth-movements" of plants. They are called "tropisms".  Charles Darwin in 1880 published his last work before his death, "The Power of Movement in Plants".
Morus alba (the white mulberry, common mulberry, or the silkworm mulberry), is a genus of 10–16 species of trees. They are native to warm regions of Central Asia, and South-central Asia, with most of the species native to Asia.  Mulberry leaves, particularly those of the white mulberry, "Morus alba", are important as the food of the silkworm, the cocoon of which is used to make silk. "Morus alba" is also notable for the rapid release of its pollen, which is launched at over half the speed of sound. "This is the fastest motion yet observed in biology, and approaches the theoretical physical limits for movements in plants".
Aleksandr Stepanovich Viktorenko (born March 29, 1947) is a former Soviet cosmonaut. He was born in Olginka, North-Kazakhstan Oblast, Kazakh SSR on March 29, 1947. He is married with two children. He was selected as an cosmonaut on March 23, 1978, and retired on May 30, 1997. During his career he was Commander of Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14. He spent a total of 489 days in space, including 19 hours and 33 minutes working outside the spacecraft./
Avery Kidd Waddell is an African-American actor. He has acted in many movies and been a guest star on programs including "Law &amp; Order", "Angel" and "Weeds". He has also been a voice actor in several video games. He has been in the movies "Road Trip" and "The New Guy"
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency or hypoadrenalism is a rare and chronic endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands. It is named after its discoverer Thomas Addison.  The adrenal glands are 2 small glands that sit on top of the kidneys. They produce 2 essential hormones: cortisol and aldosterone. Addision's disease is when the body does not produce enough of the hormone called cortisol or aldosterone because the adrenal gland is damaged. Cortisol helps the body deal with stress. It helps with maintaining blood pressure and controlling the heart's functions. It slows the rate of inflammation caused by the body's immune system. It helps with controlling the way insulin is used, and the chemical reactions of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the body. About 9,000 people in the UK have Addison's disease, with over 300 new cases diagnosed each year. U.S. President John F. Kennedy is probably one of the most famous sufferers though his condition was kept secret during his presidency. It can affect people of any age, but it is most common between the ages of 30 and 50. It is also more common in women than men. Symptoms. People with the disease may suffer from low blood pressure.  Early-stage symptoms of Addison's disease are similar to other more common health conditions, such as clinical depression or flu. Signs and symptoms: Over time, these problems may become more severe. This means further symptoms, such as dizziness, fainting, cramps and exhaustion might occur. Signs of small areas of darkened skin, or darkened lips or gums may develop (hyperpigmentation). Although these symptoms are not always caused by Addison's disease, a GP should investigate them. Adrenal crisis. If the levels of hormones produced by the adrenal gland become too low, it can lead to a life-threatening situation known as an adrenal or Addisonian crisis. This can be triggered by severe physical stress like having an operation or having another illness like an infection. During an adrenal crisis, the symptoms of Addison's disease appear quickly and are severe. This could happen when someone is already experiencing initial symptoms or without any symptoms at all. Symptoms of an adrenal crisis include: An
The Jim Henson Company is an American entertainment company. It started with Muppets, Inc. in 1958 by puppeteer Jim Henson. Henson is the creator of The Muppets. The Muppets helped the company become popular worldwide. They were well known in family entertainment for more than forty years. In 1969, the company started making characters and more than 20 short movies for the popular children's show "Sesame Street". One of the company's first characters regularly on national television was Rowlf the Dog. He was first made for Purina Dog Chow commercials. He became famous when he became a regular character on "The Jimmy Dean Show" from 1963–66. In 1976, British media mogul Lew Grade asked Jim Henson to make a weekly show based in England, which became "The Muppet Show". The success of "The Muppet Show" led to many movies, specials, videos, and more. In the early 1980s, Jim Henson also formed Jim Henson's Creature Shop. It made characters for shows such as "The Storyteller", "Farscape", and "Dinosaurs"; and movies such as "The Dark Crystal" and "Labyrinth". It was also in the 1980s that Jim Henson produced new television series such as "Fraggle Rock" and "The Jim Henson Hour". In 1990, Jim Henson was talking to The Walt Disney Company about selling his company. Henson died during the week that he was going to sign the contract. His family decided to have the company keep the rights to the characters. However, on December 18, 1991, The Walt Disney Company bought the distribution rights to the entire Jim Henson Company library up to that time. In 2000, Jim Henson’s children sold the company to the German media company, EM.TV. In January 1, 2001 they sold the "Sesame Street" Muppets to Sesame Workshop. In 2003 Henson's children bought back the company. In 2004, they sold the rights to "The Muppets"
Yalata is an Aboriginal community on the coast of South Australia. It is about west of Ceduna. The reserve, Yalata Aboriginal Land, covers and spans about of the Eyre Highway. It is one of 74 local government areas in South Australia. The people who originally live in this region are Wirangu and Mirning. However, most of the people who live at Yalata are Pitjantjatjara, who originally come from the north (Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara). They speak a southern dialect of the Pitjantjatjara language. This is spoken as a first language in most homes (58% in 2006). The other groups making up the land's traditional owners are the Kokatha, Yankunytjatjara, Antakirinja, Pindiini and Ngalea, which are all nations of the Western Desert. Pitjantjatjara were forced to move here by the Australian government in the 1950s. Large parts of their land in the north were made into the Woomera Test Range, a weapons testing area. The families were first moved south, to a Christian mission at Ooldea. They were moved to Yalata, even further south, in 1952. This second move was done because of nuclear-weapon tests being done at Maralinga and Emu Field. The title to the lands around Maralinga (Maralinga Tjarutja) was given back to the Aboriginal people by the South Australian Parliament in December 1984. People from Yalata and further inland resettled on the land in 1995. A total of 82% of residents identify their main religion as Lutheran.
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) is a large area of Aboriginal land in the north west corner of South Australia. It belongs to the Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra peoples (or Aṉangu). Native title was granted by the government of David Tonkin on 30 October 1981. The land covers about , about 10.4% of the state. It is one of the 74 local government areas of South Australia. The APY lands are arid and very remote. It is mostly flat, except for the Everard Ranges in the east and Musgrave Ranges along the border with the Northern Territory. There are about 2500 people living on the lands. History. The area covered by APY represents the southern portion of the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara homelands; the northern portion is in the Northern Territory, surrounding Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. In 1921, the western half of what is now the APY lands was made into the North-West Aboriginal Reserve. This was alongside another reserve across the border in the Northern Territory, called the Petermann Reserve. Both reserves were intended to form a temporary refuge (safe place) for Aboriginal people. The government said they could continue their nomadic lifestyle there until they could be assimilated into modern society. The eastern half of what is now the APY lands was part of the Woomera Test Range during the 1950s and 1960s. The boundary of the range was later moved further south, and the land was then leased to cattle farmers. In 1966, South Australia passed the Aboriginal Lands Trust Act. It was the first piece of legislation (law) in Australia to recognise Aboriginal land rights and allow for Aboriginal groups to be given land based on how they had lived there. No other state or territory would enact anything like it until 10 years later. In 1976, the Pitjantjatjara
The Academy Award for Film Editing is one of the yearly awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.  Since 1981, every movie selected as Best Picture has also been nominated for the Film Editing Oscar. About two thirds of the Best Picture winners have also won for Film Editing.  This award was first given for movies released in 1934. The name of this award is sometimes changed. In 2008, it was listed as the Academy Award for Achievement in Film Editing. Nominations and awards. These listings are based on the Awards Database maintained by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts &amp; Sciences. 1990s. The award name was changed to Best Editing in 1999.
The Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling is the Oscar given to the best achievement in makeup and hair-styling for movies. Usually, only three movies are nominated each year rather than five as in most categories. In 2012, the category was renamed to Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling. Special Achievement Awards. Before 1981, Special Achievement Oscars were twice awarded to makeup artists for their work on a specific movie: Hairstylists. Starting in 1993, the award is to be shared with hairstylists if hair effects "contribute greatly to the appearance and effect of the characters". Winners and nominees. The winners are in bold text with a blue background.
The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It has been part of the Academy Awards every year since the 5th Academy Awards for 1931-1932. This category was known as "Short Subjects, Cartoons" from 1932 until 1970. It was "Short Subjects, Animated Films" from 1971 to 1973. The present title began with the 1974 awards. Only American movies were nominated for the award until 1952. The Academy defines "short" as being "not more than 40 minutes, including all credits." 1930s. "As Short Subjects (Cartoons)" 1970s. Name of award changed to Short Subjects (Animated Films) Name of award changed to Short Films (Animated Films)
The Unionist Party (Punjab) was a political party of the Punjab, British India. It was founded by Sir Fazli Husain, Sir Chotu Ram and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khanin 1923 and basically represented the Punjabi "zamindar" (rural/agrarian)interests. The party was secular in nature and believed in a strong and united Punjabi entity, bringing together Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and other communities of this province,  Under the leadership of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, the party won the general elections of 1936 and formed a coalition government along with the Indian National Congress and Sikh Akali Dal from 1937 onwards. However, in October 1937, the Muslim members in the party were also allowed to merge with the All India Muslim League by an agreement reached between Sir Sikandar and Mr Muhammad Ali Jinnah at Lucknow. This famous agreement was called the Jinnah-Sikandar Pact.
Wah is a village in Attock District of North Punjab, Pakistan. It is famous for the old Pleasure Gardens there dating from the Mughal Empire, and for being the birthplace of a former Governor and Chief Minister of the Punjab during British Indian times, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan.  Wah Cantonment is a large military garrison and township nearby.