ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Kiddush () is a blessing said by Jews at the start of Shabbat and holiday meals. The term is also used to refer to a light meal served in the synagogue after the long Shabbat and holiday morning prayers. The word comes from a Hebrew root meaning "holy". Kiddush at the evening Shabbat meal. There are two versions of the Ten Commandments in the Bible. These versions use different words. The version in Exodus says "Remember Shabbat to keep it holy." The version in Deuteronomy says "Guard Shabbat to keep it holy." Jewish custom says that "remember" means to "celebrate" Shabbat. "Guard" means "resting"—not working or doing business. There are many things Jews do to celebrate Shabbat [see Shabbat (Celebrating Shabbat)]. The minimum way to celebrate is to say the blessing "Blessed are You, God, Who makes Shabbat holy." The Talmud adds that the blessing should be said with a cup of wine. This is because wine makes people feel happy. Because of this, the Friday evening meal in a Jewish home starts with a ceremony to say this blessing over a cup of wine. Text. In traditional homes, the blessing is said in the Hebrew language. This is a Simple English translation of the blessing. Words in italics "like this" are added to explain the Hebrew. Kiddush at the morning (or noon) Shabbat meal. There is a different version of Kiddush for the Shabbat morning (or noon) meal. This ceremony makes the meal feel more special.  For the morning Kiddush, a person says verses from the Torah about Shabbat. These verses are usually from and . The person ends with the same blessing over the wine: Kiddush at the third Shabbat meal. Most Jews do not say Kiddush at the third Shabbat meal. However, Maimonides ruled that they should do so. The text for this Kiddush includes . That verse is the source of the law to have three meals on Shabbat. Kiddush in the synagogue. Kiddush is also said in
Predator is a 1987 American science fiction horror/action movie. It was directed by John McTiernan. The movie stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers, Jesse Ventura, and Kevin Peter Hall. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The story follows a special forces team, led by 'Dutch' (Arnold Schwarzenegger). They are on a mission to rescue hostages in Central America. The group does not know that they are being hunted by a technologically advanced alien, the Predator. "Predator" was written by Jim and John Thomas in 1985. Filming began in April 1986. Production. The movie cost about $15 million to make. It was released in the United States on June 12, 1987. "Predator" made $98,267,558 at the box office. At first, the reviews to "Predator" were negative. Much of this was because of a weak plot. Two sequels, "Predator 2" (1990) and "Predators" (2010) were made. There have also been two movies with the "Alien" franchise. These are "Alien vs. Predator" (2004) and "" (2007). Box office. "Predator" was #1 at the US box office in its opening weekend with a gross of $12 million. Only "Beverly Hills Cop II" made more money in 1987. The movie earned a total of $98,267,558. Of this, $59,735,548 was from the US &amp; Canadian box office. $38,532,010 was made overseas.
Tor Johnson (born Tor Johansson, 19 October 1903 – 12 May 1971) was a Swedish professional wrestler and movie and television actor. During his wrestling career, he was billed as the Super-Swedish Angel. Johnson was born in Sweden, the son of Karl J. Johansson and Lovisa Petersson. He began appearing in movies in 1934, usually as boxers or wrestlers. In the 1940s, he played lumbering thugs and scowling plug-uglies. He appeared with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby in "Road to Rio" (1947), in "Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion" (1950), and with Shirley Jones in the movie version of "Carousel" (1956). He is best known though for his appearances in the low budget movies directed by Ed Wood. He played Lobo in "Bride of the Monster" and "Night of the Ghouls", and the zombified Inspector Clay in "Plan 9 from Outer Space". In the early 1960s, he had guest appearances as wrestlers, thugs, and circus strongmen in various television series including "Peter Gunn", "Bonanza", and "The Shirley Temple Show". Johnson died in San Fernando, California, from heart failure in 1971. He was buried at the Eternal Valley Memorial Park in Newhall, California.
The Colony of Virginia (also known as Virginia Colony) was the first of thirteen colonies in North America.  Location. When the Virginia Colony was first settled, it was a huge geographic area that was England's claim on all of North America.  After the United States was formed, the new government formed all of these areas from the Colony of Virginia: Name. The name Virginia was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584.  After the English Civil War in the mid-17th century, King Charles II nicknamed the Virginia Colony "The Old Dominion". This name honored the Colony's loyalty to the British Crown during the Commonwealth of England era (a period from 1649-1660 when the monarchy was ended).  History. European explorers first found modern-day Virginia in the late 16th century. In 1584 England tried to establish its first colony in the New World: the Roanoke Colony. Because of the Anglo-Spanish War, nobody could return to re-supply the colony for four years. When ships finally arrived in 1590, the Roanoke colonists were mysteriously gone.  In 1607 Virginia was settled again at Jamestown by people working for the Virginia Company of London. This time, the colony succeeded. Jamestown became the first successful English settlement in the New World. However, the Virginia Company had its charter cancelled in 1624 for not making a profit. This meant they lost the legal rights to control the Virginia Colony.  At this point, the British Crown took over the colony. It remained an English colony until the American Revolution. Virginia was one of the first colonies to be made a state in the new United States of America.
Night of the Ghouls is a 1959 horror movie written, directed, and produced by Ed Wood. It is a sequel of sorts to Wood's 1955 horror movie, "Bride of the Monster". The story is about a crook, Dr. Acula, who pretends to be able to contact the dead. He charges people large amounts of money to speak to their dead relatives. He summons a group of real ghosts who bury him alive. The movie stars Kenne Duncan as Dr. Karl Acula, Duke Moore as Lt. Dan Bradford, Tor Johnson as Lobo, Valda Hansen as Sheila, Paul Marco as Patrolman Kelton, and Criswell as himself.
Paul Marco (June 10, 1927 – May 14, 2006) was an American actor. He often appeared in movies made by Ed Wood, including the "Kelton Trilogy": "Bride of the Monster", "Night of the Ghouls" and "Plan 9 from Outer Space". In this trilogy, he played a bumbling, fearful policeman named Kelton. Biography. Marco was born in Los Angeles. He took lessons in drama, singing, and dancing at an early age. After graduating from Hollywood High School, he served in the United States Navy during World War II. His first known movie role was a small part in the 1944 movie "Sweet and Low-Down" with Benny Goodman. In the early 1950s, The Amazing Criswell predicted on national television that Paul Marco would go far in the movie business. Criswell introduced Marco to Ed Wood. In turn, Marco introduced Ed Wood to Bunny Breckinridge, a gay Shakespearean actor. Breckinridge lived with Marco for a time and co-starred in Wood's "Plan 9 from Outer Space". Marco depended on Wood for parts. He more or less retired as an actor as Ed Wood's movies shifted more and more towards pornography. In 1995, Marco recorded "Home on the Strange", in which he reprised his Kelton character for Dionysus Records. He revived Kelton once more in the 2005 science fiction satire/tribute film "The Naked Monster". On May 14, 2006, Paul Marco died after a battle with hip problems and chronic illness. He was 78.
Struga is a small city in the southwest of North Macedonia at the Lake Ohrid. The Black Drin river runs through the town, dividing it into a western and an eastern part. About 15,000 people live in Struga. They are a mix of Albanians, (Slavic) Macedonians, Turks and Romani. Struga is known for its tourism, mostly in the summer, when people come to take a bath at the shores of the Lake Ohrid and of the river Black Drin. Struga is also the capital of the municipality with the same name including the town itself as well as nearby villages.
The Catalan independence or separatism is a political movement that supports the independence of Catalonia or the Catalan countries from Spain and France. The Catalan independence movement began in the 19th century. The separatists believe that Catalonia is a nation. Catalonia has its own language (Catalan language) and culture (Catalan culture). During the Francisco Franco dictatorship, Catalans and the Catalan language were oppressed. Recently, the number of people who support Catalan independence has increased. In 2012 there was a demonstration in Barcelona with 1.500.000 people. The majority of the parliament in Catalunya wants to have a referendum on independence, and 55% identify as separatists. The Estelada flag is the symbol of the Catalan independence movement.
Jalil Zandi (2 May 1951 – 1 April 2001) was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War. He was an F-14 Tomcat pilot. He had the most victories in the air combat in the Iran-Iraq War: 11 victories ( 8 confirmed victories and 3 probable victories). His victories include 4 MiG-23s, 2 Su-22s, 2 MiG 21s and 3 Mirage F1s). He was also the most successful F-14 pilot ever. He had the rank of brigadier general. He died with his wife Zahra Mohebshahedin in 2001 in a car accident near Tehran. He is buried in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery in the south of Tehran.
John Le Mesurier (born John Elton Le Mesurier Halliley; 5 April 1912 – 15 November 1983) was an English actor and comedian. He is best remembered for his comedic role as Sergeant Arthur Wilson in the BBC television situation comedy "Dad's Army" (1968–77).  Le Mesurier was born on 5 April 1912 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. He studied at the Sherborne School.  Le Mesurier was married to June Melville from 1940 until they divorced in 1949. Then he was married to Hattie Jacques from 1949 until they divorced in 1965. Then he was married to Joan Malin from 1966 until his death in 1983. He had two sons.  Le Mesurier died from a stomach hemorrhage caused by cirrhosis of the liver in Ramsgate, Kent, England, aged 71.
Free Realms was a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. It is set in a fantasy-themed world, named "Sacred Grove". It was made by Sony Online Entertainment for PC, Mac and PlayStation 3. The game was released on 29 April 2009. On March 31, 2014, the game was officially shut down.
A cellular automaton is a model used in computer science and mathematics. The idea is to model a dynamic system by using a number of cells. Each cell has one of many possible states. With each "turn" or iteration the state of the current cell is determined by two things: its current state, and the states of the neighbouring cells.  A very famous example of a cellular automaton is Conway's Game of Life. Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann first described cellular automata in the 1940s. Conway's Game of Life was first shown in the 1970s.  Biology. Some things in nature happen because of cellular automata. The patterns of certain seashells are made by natural cellular automata. Examples can be seen in the genera "Conus" and "Cymbiola". The pigment cells are in a narrow band on the shell's lip. Each cell secretes pigments based on what pigment cells around it are doing. The cell band leaves the colored pattern on the shell as it slowly grows. For example, the species "Conus textile" has a pattern that looks similar to Wolfram's rule 30 cellular automaton. Plants control how much gas they have with a cellular automaton. Each stoma on the leaf acts as a cell. Moving wave patterns on the skin of cephalopods can be simulated with a two-state, two-dimensional cellular automaton, each state corresponding to either an expanded or retracted chromatophore. Threshold automata have been made to act similar to neurons. These can do complex things, such as recognition and learning. Fibroblasts are similar to cellular automata. This is because each fibroblast only interacts with others next to it.
Heniek "Henry" Morgentaler, (March 19, 1923 – May 29, 2013), was a Polish-born Canadian physician and pro-choice activist who fought many legal battles about expanding abortion rights in Canada. When he was young during World War II, Morgentaler was imprisoned at the Łódź Ghetto and later at the Dachau concentration camp. He survived the Holocaust. He was a humanist and received the Order of Canada in 2008. Morgentaler was born on March 19, 1923 in Łódź, Poland. He was married to Chava Rosenfarb from 1945 until they divorced in 1975. Morgentaler died on May 29, 2013 in Toronto, Canada from a heart attack, aged 90.
Andrew M. Greeley (February 5, 1928 – May 29, 2013) was an American Roman Catholic priest, educator, sociologist, journalist, philanthropist, and popular author. Greeley was born on February 5, 1928 in Oak Park, Illinois to an Irish family. He was raised a Catholic. Greeley studied at Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary and at St. Mary of the Lake Seminary. He retired in 2009 after an injury. Greeley suffered skull fractures in a fall in 2008 when his clothing got caught on the door of a taxi as it pulled away; he was hospitalized in critical condition. He remained in poor health. Greeley died on May 29, 2013 at his Chicago home. He was 85.
Coriaria ruscifolia are shrubs or small trees with bright red fruits like berries. The fruits and the leaves are very poisonous. Common names. This species has many names in Latin America. Some of them are: Systematics. "Coriaria ruscifolia" was described for the first time by Linnaeus in 1753 in "Species Plantarum" (Vol. 2, page 1037), from a plant from Peru. The species is divided in two subspecies: Description. Shrub up to 4 metres high. Dark green leaves on the top and pale gray on the underside. Flowers grouped in terminal inflorescences on lateral branches, sepals are green to red, small petals, yellow or red anthers. Fruits look like berries but they are small nuts (achenes). The fruits are covered by the petals. The number of chromosomes is 40. The plants of "C. ruscifolia" subsp. "microphylla" can fix nitrogen from the air because they have bacteria in their roots. Where it grows. C. ruscifolia grows in the Americas and some Pacific Islands: Uses. It is a very toxic plant. Fruits are hallucinogens exciting the nervous system. The leaves have tannin and serve for tanning (making leather out of skins). It is recommended as an ornamental. In Chile, the fruits are used mixed with bread to kill mice and rats.
The Little Mermaid () is a statue in Copenhagen, Denmark. It sits on a rock in the harbor. It was inspired by a performance of a ballet based on the fairy tale "The Little Mermaid" by Hans Christian Andersen. It is tall. Sculptor Edvard Eriksen created the bronze statue. It was presented to the public on 23 August 1913. The statue was the idea of Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg. He asked ballerina, Ellen Price of Copenhagen's Royal Theatre, to pose for the statue. Only the statue's head was modelled on Price. She did not agree to pose in the nude, so the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, posed for the body. The Little Mermaid has been the victim of vandalism many times since the 1960s. Her head has been cut off, and she has had paint poured over her several times. In September 2003, the statue was knocked off its base with explosives. The statue has always been repaired after such acts.
Dean Kent Brooks (July 22, 1916 – May 30, 2013) or Dean R. Brooks was an American physician and actor.  Early life. Brooks was born on July 22, 1916 in Everett, Washington. He studied at University of Kansas Medical School.  Career. He was the head of the Oregon State Hospital in 1975 when the movie "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" was filmed there, which is why he appeared in the movie. He starred as Dr. John Spivey M.D.. Brooks was the superintendent of Oregon State Hospital for 27 years from 1955 to 1982. Brooks was first licensed in Oregon to practice psychiatry in 1950. He retired from the practice of Psychiatric Medicine in 1999. Later life. He was married to Ulista Jean Moser until her death in 2006. They had two daughters.  Death. Brooks died on May 30, 2013 in Salem, Oregon from natural causes, aged 96.
Hangman is a paper-and-pencil guessing game played by two or more people. One player thinks of a word, phrase, or sentence, and the other players have to try and guess it. They do so by calling letters or numbers that they think are in the word. The word is shown as a row of dashes. If a guessing player gives a letter or number that is in the word, the other player writes the letter or number in the places that they are in the word. If the letter or number is not in the word, the other player draws a part of a hanged man stick figure as a tally mark (a form of numeral used for counting). The game ends when: The television game show "Wheel of Fortune" is based off of Hangman. It uses a roulette-style wheel that players spin for cash and prizes.
The Battle of Majuba Hill was the main battle of the First Boer War. It happened near Volksrust, South Africa on 27 February 1881. While the battle was small it was important in history. It led to the signing of a peace treaty. The treaty was between the British and the South African Republic. It ended the First Boer War. Also the fire and movement tactics used by the Boers were years ahead of their time. This battle and two before it convinced the British of the Boers strength. During the Second Anglo-Boer War "Remember Majuba" became a rallying cry. Some important British historians say that this defeat marked the beginning of the decline of the British Empire.
Thomas (and Tomas) is a common surname. It is most often used by the British, French, German, Dutch, Danish, and Southern Indian Syrian Christians from Kerala (India). Some notable people with this surname are:
Sondra Locke (May 28, 1944 – November 3, 2018) was an American actress who was known for starring mostly in movies. She starred as Laura Lee in "The Outlaw Josey Wales" in 1976. The following year, she played Augustina Mally in "The Gauntlet" (1977). Locke was born in Shelbyville, Tennessee.  Locke was nominated for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mick Kelly in "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter" (1968). Locke died in Los Angeles, California on November 3, 2018 from cardiac arrest complicated by breast and bone cancer, aged 74.
Edward Oakley Thorp (born 14 August 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. He is best known as the author of "Beat the Dealer" (1962). This was the first book to prove that the house advantage in blackjack could be overcome by card counting. As part of this work he collaborated with Claude Shannon in creating the first wearable computer in 1961. Thorp also developed and applied effective hedge fund techniques in the financial markets. He was a pioneer in modern applications of probability theory, including the harnessing of very small correlations for reliable financial gain. Thorp received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1958, and worked at M.I.T. from 1959 to 1961. He was a professor of mathematics from 19611965 at New Mexico State University, and then joined the University of California, Irvine where he was a professor of mathematics from 1965 to 1977 and a professor of mathematics and finance from 1977 to 1982. Stock market. Since the late 1960s, Thorp has used his knowledge of probability and statistics in the stock market by discovering and exploiting a number of pricing in the securities markets. Thorp is currently the President of Edward O. Thorp &amp; Associates, based in Newport Beach, CA. In May 1998, Thorp reported that his personal investments yielded an annualized 20 percent rate of return averaged over 28.5 years.
Maureen Patricia Duffy (born 21 October 1933 in Worthing, Sussex, England) is a British poet, novelist, and writer of plays. Early life and education. Duffy graduated from King's College London. Her degree was in English. She became a schoolteacher in 1956. She left that work in 1961. In 1961, she became a fulltime poet and writer of plays. Her first novel was "That's How It Was". It was published in 1962. It was praised by critics. Works. She has published around thirty books. Her "Collected Poems, 1949–84" appeared in 1985. Her work has often used Freudian ideas and Greek Myth as a framework. She has been active in supporting the rights of homosexuals. In 1977 she published "The Ballad of the Blasphemy Trial", a broadside against the trial of the "Gay News" newspaper for "blasphemous libel." She has also been active in a variety of groups representing the interest of writers. At one time, she was the President of the "European Writers' Congress" (renamed European Writers Council in 2008). She was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1985 and awarded their Benson Medal in 2004. She is also deeply interested in intellectual property law.
A hydrogenosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle of some anaerobic ciliates, trichomonads, fungi and a few metazoa. The hydrogenosomes of trichomonads (the best studied) produce ATP by a complex metabolic cycle. Unlike mitochondria, this cycle does not use oxygen. It is thought that hydrogenosomes evolved from mitochondria; their structure is rather similar. In 2010, scientists reported their discovery of the first known anaerobic metazoans with hydrogenosome-like organelles. These organisms were Loricifera living in sediments under deep-water brine pools like the L'Atalante basin. These brine pools are completely without any oxygen (anoxic).
Mäntsälä is a municipality in Finland. About 21,000 people lived there in 2015. The municipalities next to it are Askola, Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, Järvenpää, Tuusula, Kärkölä, Orimattila, Pornainen, Pukkila and Sipoo. Mäntsälä was probably founded in 1585.
Joutsa is a municipality in Central Finland. It is part of Itä-Häme, along with Hartola, Sysmä, Pertunmaa, Heinola and Luhanka. Almost 4,900 people lived in Joutsa as of February 2014. It covers an area of . Neighbouring municipalities are Hartola, Hirvensalmi, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Luhanka, Pertunmaa and Toivakka. The former municipality of Leivonmäki was merged with Joutsa in 2008. Culture. The newspaper "Joutsan Seutu" is published in Joutsa and Luhanka. A summer festival, Joutsan Joutopäivät, is held on the second weekend of July. Sahti culture is strong in Joutsa. "Joutsan sahti" is a locally made traditional drink. Villages. Angesselkä, Etu-Ikola, Hankaa, Havumäki, Joutsa, Kivisuo, Kälä, Laitjärvi, Lapinkylä, Leivonmäki, Marjotaipale, Martinkylä, Mieskonmäki, Niemistenkylä, Pajumäki, Pappinen, Pylsy, Pärnämäki, Ruokoranta, Ruorasmäki, Rutalahti, Savenaho, Selänpohja, Taka-Ikola, Tammilahti, Tolvasniemi, Uimaniemi, Vallaspelto, Vähä-Joutsa and Vehmaa.
Mäntyharju is a municipality in Finland. Almost 6,350 people lived there in August 2012. It covers an area of about . Villages include Ahvenisto, Anettu, Enonlahti, Halmeniemi, Hietaniemi, Huopola, Hyyrylä, Hölttä, Jäniskylä, Karankamäki, Kinni, Kirkonkylä, Koirakivi, Korpilahti, Kousa, Kuhajärvi, Kukonkorpi, Kyttälä, Lahnaniemi, Leppäniemi, Luhtanen, Lyytikkälä, Mynttilä, Niinimäki, Nurmaa, Ollikkala, Outila, Paasola, Partsinmaa, Poitsiniemi, Pyhäkoski, Pärnämäki, Saviniemi, Särkemäki, Tiilikkala, Toivola, Valtola, Vanonen and Varpanen.
Feldkirch is the second largest city in Vorarlberg. The largest hospital of Vorarlberg is there. About 33,000 people lived in Feldkirch, in 2019. Feldkirch has seven districts named Feldkirch, Tisis, Tosters, Nofels, Levis, Gisingen and Altenstadt.