ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a core member of the Internet Protocol Suite, the set of network protocols used for the Internet. With UDP, computer applications can send messages, known as "datagrams", to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without requiring other communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths. UDP is sometimes called the Universal Datagram Protocol. The protocol was designed by David P. Reed in 1980 and formally defined in . Ports. UDP applications use datagram sockets to establish host-to-host communications. Sockets bind the application to service ports that functions as the endpoints of data transmission. A port is a software structure that is identified by the port number, a 16 bit integer value, allowing for port numbers between 0 and 65,535. Port 0 is reserved, but is able to be used if the sending process does not expect messages in response. Ports 1 through 1023 (hexadecimal 0x3FF) are named "well-known" ports and on Unix-like operating systems, binding to one of these ports requires superuser (root) access. Ports 1024 through 49,151 (0xBFFF) are registered ports. Ports 49,152 through 65,535 (0xFFFF) are used as temporary ports usually by clients when communicating to servers. Uses. There are many uses for UDP, for example BitTorrent optionally uses it for peer-to-peer file sharing. The Teredo tunneling protocol uses UDP.
Bradenton is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Manatee County. Geography. Bradenton has a total area of 17.5 square miles.
Brooksville is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Hernando County. Geography. Brooksville has a total area of 11.3 square miles.
Callaway is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Callaway has a total area of 9.5 square miles.
Carrabelle is a city of Florida in the United States. It is in the Florida county of Franklin. Franklin county is on the Gulf of Mexico. It is in the western part of the state. The Carrabelle river flows through Carrabelle. Carrabelle is at the end of the waterway that is called the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. This waterway goes west to Texas.
Cedar Key is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Cedar Key has a total area of 2.2 square miles.
Center Hill is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Center Hill has a total area of 6.5 square miles.
Crescent City is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Crescent City has a total area of 2.4 square miles.
Crystal River is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Crystal River has a total area of 8.1 square miles.
Dade City is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Pasco County. Geography. Dade City has a total area of 6.9 square miles.
Davenport is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Davenport has a total area of 4.2 square miles.
DeBary is a city of Florida in the United States. History. DeBary was created in 1993.
Deerfield Beach is a city of Broward County, Florida in the United States. Deerfield Beach date to 1890, when a small town named Hillsborough was made along the Hillsboro River.
Dunedin is a city of Florida in the United States. The name comes from "Dùn Èideann", the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Dunedin is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater metropolitan area and is the fifth largest city in Pinellas County. The population was 36,068 as of the 2020 census. Geography. Dunedin has a total area of 22.94 square miles. 10.4 square miles (27 km2) of it is land and 17.8 square miles (46 km2) of it (63.20%) is water. Dunedin is bordered by the city of Clearwater to the south and east, the Gulf of Mexico to the west, and by Palm Harbor (an unincorporated community of Pinellas County) to the north.
Englewood is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Englewood has a total area of 22.3 square miles.
Fellsmere is a city of Florida in the United States. History. Fellsmere was created in 1905.
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the state of Florida in the United States. It is 23 miles (37 km) north of Miami. As of 2020, the city of Fort Lauderdale had a population of 182,760. The city is a popular tourist destination. It had 10.35 million visitors in 2006. Climate. Despite not being below the Tropic of Cancer, Fort Lauderdale has a Tropical Rainforest (Af) Climate with a long hot year with no true dry season.
Fort Myers is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the commercial center of Lee County, Florida. On August 13, 2004, Fort Myers was hit hard by Hurricane Charley.
Freeport is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Freeport has a total area of 19 square miles.
Frostproof is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Frostproof has a total area of 19.3 square miles.
A cache can be used to improve the performance of accessing a given resource. When there are several such caches for the same resource, as shown in the picture, this can lead to problems. Cache coherence or Cache coherency refers to a number of ways to make sure all the caches of the resource have the same data, and that the data in the caches makes sense (called "data integrity"). Cache coherence is a special case of memory coherence. There may be problems if there are many caches of a common memory resource, as data in the cache may no longer make sense, or one cache may no longer have the same data as the others. A common case where the problem occurs is the cache of CPUs in a multiprocessing system. As can be seen in the figure, if the top client has a copy of a memory block from a previous read and the bottom client changes that memory block, the top client could be left with an invalid cache of memory, without knowing. Cache coherence is there to manage such conflicts and maintain consistency between cache and memory. Definition. Coherence defines the behavior of reads and writes to the same memory location. The caches are coherent, if all of the following conditions are met: These conditions are defined supposing that the read and write operations are made instantaneously. However, this does not happen in computer hardware because of memory latency and other aspects of the architecture. A write by processor X may not be seen by a read from processor Y if the read is made within a very small time after the write has been made. The memory consistency model defines when a written value must be seen by a following read instruction made by the other processors. Cache coherence mechanisms. Distributed shared memory systems mimic these mechanisms so that they can maintain consistency between blocks of memory in loosely coupled systems. The two most common types of coherence that are typically studied are Snooping and Directory-based. Each has its own benefits and drawbacks. Snooping protocols tend to be faster, if enough bandwidth is available, since all transactions are a request/response seen by all processors. The drawback is that snooping is not scalable. Every request must be broadcast to all nodes in a system. As the system gets larger, the size of the (logical or physical
Graceville is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Graceville has a total area of 4.4 square miles.
Groveland is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Groveland has a total area of 27.5 square miles.
Gulf Breeze is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Gulf Breeze has a total area of 22.1 square miles.
Hialeah is a city of Florida in the United States. Education. Primary and secondary schools. Public schools. Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Hialeah. Two high schools serving the Hialeah community, Mater Academy Charter High School and Miami Lakes Educational Center, were named as "Silver" award winners in "U.S. News &amp; World Report's" "Best High Schools 2008 Search".
Holly Hill is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Holly Hill has a total area of 4.5 square miles.
Holmes Beach is a city of Florida in the United States. History. Holmes Beach was created in 1950.
Barry James Marshall, AC, FRS, FAA (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian doctor and winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Marshall is well known for proving that bacteria "Helicobacter pylori" are the cause of most stomach ulcers. This changed years of medical belief which said that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. He took a part-time position at the Pennsylvania State University in 2007. Early years. Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. He lived in Kalgoorlie and Carnarvon until moving to Perth at the age of seven. He went to high school at Newman College, Perth. At the University of Western Australia, medicine and surgery. He married his wife, Adrienne, in 1972. In 1972 he was also the Western Australian state yo-yo champion. Life and research. In 1979 Marshall became a Registrar in Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital. At the hospital he met Robin Warren, a pathologist who was interested in gastritis. They were both training in internal medicine at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Together they looked at spiral bacteria in gastritis. In 1982 they grew a culture of "H. pylori". They worked on their idea that there was a bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. Their idea was laughed at by scientists and doctors who did not believe that any bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. Marshall said that "Everyone was against me, but I knew I was right". Other doctors said they wouldn't believe it until the "H. pylori" idea could be proved. Marshall and Warren tried to give the bacteria to piglets in 1984, but it did not work. Marshall drank some of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis with achlorhydria. He had stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting and bad smelling breath. On the 14th day of the infection, biopsies of Marshall's stomach did not show any bacteria. His body may have got rid of the bacteria without
Mutual intelligibility is where the speakers of one language can understand another language because they are alike. This is sometimes (but not always) used to decide whether they are different languages or different dialects. There are noticeable differences in accent, vocabulary, and spelling between British and General American English, but speakers can largely understand each other without serious problems. These dialects are therefore mutually intelligible. Sometimes, even different languages can be mutually intelligible. Hindi and Urdu are called different languages, but speakers of both languages can largely understand each other if they are using everyday language. This is because the two languages used to be dialects of Hindustani, the official language of British India until India became independent. Since the two languages are so alike, they are sometimes called together as Hindi-Urdu. Also, dialects of a certain language can sometimes be mutually unintelligible. Chinese, for example, has hundreds of different dialects, and many native speakers of those dialects cannot understand each other without knowing the other's dialect. For example, the local dialects of Beijing and Shanghai are Mandarin and Shanghainese, or "Wu Chinese", respectively. If natives from each of these cities were to talk to each other in their native dialects, they would not understand each other. This is because they are too different from each other. This is why the governments of China and Taiwan want their citizens to speak Standard Mandarin in public so that there can be a spoken dialect of Chinese everyone can understand. While the spoken dialects are mutually unintelligible, they all use the same written code, Chinese alphabet and mutual understanding is possible in written communications. Such examples show the difference between language and dialect to be hard to define, even for linguists. When a speaker of a language can understand what a speaker of another language is saying but not the other way around, it is called asymmetric intelligibility. An example of this is Portuguese and Spanish. While Portuguese speakers claim to be able to understand Spanish without issues, Spanish speakers, on the other hand, have a very difficult time understanding |Portuguese speakers. This situation is actually quite common across languages.
Islandia is an unincorporated area in Florida in the United States. By law, it was a city until 2012. It included some small islands of the Florida Keys in Miami-Dade County.
Keystone Heights is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Keystone Heights has a total area of 1 square mile.
Lake Buena Vista is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. It is mostly known for being home to the Walt Disney World Resort. It is one of two Florida municipalities controlled by The Walt Disney Company. The other city is Bay Lake. Lake Buena Vista is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Education. Lake Buena Vista is within Orange County Public Schools.
Lake Butler, Union County is a city of Florida in the United States. Lake Butler is the county seat of Union County and is also the largest city in the county. Geography. Lake Butler has a total area of 2.5 square miles.
Lake City is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Columbia County. Geography. Lake City has total area of 12.3 square miles.
Lake Helen is a city of Florida in the United States. People. In 2020, Lake Helen had a population of 2,842 people.
Lake Mary is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Lake Mary has a total area of 9.9 square miles.
Largo is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Largo has a total area of 19.6 square miles.
Layton is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Layton has a total area of .2 square miles.
Marathon is a city of Florida in the United States. It is on Knight's Key, Boot Key, Key Vaca, Fat Deer Key, Long Point Key, Crawl Key and Grassy Key islands in the middle Florida Keys, in Monroe County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 9,689. The name "Marathon" started with the building of the Florida East Coast Railroad. The railroad workers were working night and day to complete the railway. Many of the workers complained that "this [the project] is getting to be a real Marathon". Later, the railroad named the closest station along the railroad "Marathon". Geography. The city has a total area of , of which is land and (10.37%) is water. The city limits extend 1200 feet from land into the adjacent waters. Boot Key Harbor is a natural body of water between Boot Key and Key Vaca, entirely within the Marathon city limits.
Miami Beach is a city of Florida in the United States. Miami Beach is as its name tells, a resort city with many beaches, hotels and restaurants. Many celebrities maintain homes in the city, especially in the South beach area. They go to night clubs at night and enjoy the great weather during the day. The city is also home to many Hispanics who come through neighboring Miami on their way to America. Also, a very large part of the population is Jewish and many of them are observant. They have built up their own infrastructure with schools, shuls and kosher restaurants. This has made the city draw many observant tourists.
Milton is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Santa Rosa county. History. Milton was created in 1844.
Minneola is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Minneola has a total area of 11.5 square miles.
Mount Dora is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Mount Dora has a total area of 9.5 square miles.
Mulberry is a city of Florida in the United States. History. Mulberry was created in 1901.
Oak Hill is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Oak Hill has a total area of 11.2 square miles.
Oviedo is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Oviedo has a total area of 15.8 square miles.
Parkland is a city in northern Broward County, Florida. As of the 2020 census, there were 34,670 people living there. Parkland is part of the Miami metropolitan area. It is known for its zoning laws which protect "park-like" character of the city.  Until the mid-1990s and early 2000s, there were no stores or traffic lights in Parkland.  Geography. Parkland is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . Its land area is while it has (12.8%) of water. The northern boundary of Parkland shares with the border between Broward and Palm Beach counties. West Boca Raton, an unincorporated area of Palm Beach County that extends west of Boca Raton's city limits and lies to the north. Coconut Creek lies to the east while Coral Springs lies to the south. Its west side shares the bounded with the Everglades. Demographics. As of 2020, there were 11,424 homes or housing units, out of which 5.0% were vacant. Of the people in Parkland, 29.7% were under the age of 18, 7.5% were 18 to 24, 20.7% were 25 to 44, 30.3% were 45 to 64, and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. According to a 2021 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $177,604. This was nearly three times the median income for Florida. It is estimated that average house value was $831,364. The per capita income for the city was $63,602.  Politics. Parkland elects a five-member City Commission. Elections are technically non-partisan.
Pensacola is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Escambia County. As of 2020, the population was 54,312. Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola Metropolitan Area, which had 509,905 residents in 2020. Pensacola has one of the largest metropolitan areas in the Gulf Coast region, the largest between New Orleans and Tampa.
Pinellas Park is a city of Florida in the United States. History. Pinellas Park was made in 1914.
Pompano Beach is a city in Florida in the United States. The home town of Kodak Black.
Rockledge is a city of Florida in the United States. History. Rockledge was created in 1887.
Sanford is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Seminole County. History. Sanford was created in 1877.
South Bay is a city of Florida in the United States. History. South Bay was created in 1941.
St. Augustine Beach is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. St. Augustine Beach has a total area of 2.2 square miles.
St. Cloud is a city in Osceola county Florida History. St. Cloud was created in 1911.
Sweetwater is a city of Florida in the United States. During the 1920s, the Miami-Pittsburgh Land Company bought land near Miami. They planned to build "Sweetwater Groves." In 1926, a category 4 hurricane, (the Great Miami Hurricane), struck the area. Between the hurricane and problems with real estate value at the time, this construction never happened. In 1938, Clyde Andrews bought most of the "Sweetwater Groves" land and began to sell it for homes. A group of Russian midgets were some of the people who bought the land. They were looking for a place to retire after their career in the circus. They built several homes on the land. These homes were not built for people of normal height. The homes were built smaller than normal so that the group would be comfortable living in them. This caused Sweetwater to be called the "midget" community for many years. Sweetwater became incorporated in 1941. . The first mayor of the town was the manager of the group of midgets. The town grew to a population of about 500 people by 1959. In 1970, Sweetwater was still a small town. Its population was about 3000. During the 1970s, Sweetwater began to grow quickly. In 1972, Florida International University began teaching students at its campus just south of the town. Two large highways were being built in the area. One north of the town and the other to the west of it. The area also got noticed by the Dade County Hispanic community. All of this caused the population of Sweetwater to double. The town had the largest growth of all cities in Dade County during the 1970s. The city's population is currently over 19,300 people. Ninety-three percent of the population is of Hispanic origin.
Tavares is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Lake County. History. Tavares was created in 1880.
Titusville is a city of Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Brevard County. History. Henry T. Titus founded Titusville in 1867. It was almost called Riceville, but Henry challenged a man named Clark Rice to decide the name. Titus won and it was named Titusville.
Vernon is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Vernon has a total area of 4.8 square miles.
West Palm Beach is a city of Florida in the United States. West Palm Beach is the county seat of Palm Beach County, Florida. As of 2020, the population of West Palm beach was 117,415. History. The city was founded by Henry Flagler as a community to house the servants working in the two grand hotels on the neighboring island of Palm Beach, across Lake Worth. The original spelling was "Westpalmbeach", but it was feared that the 13-letter word would be a bad omen for the new community. On November 5, 1894, 78 people met at the "Calaboose" (the first jail and police station located at Clematis St. and Poinsettia, now Dixie Hwy.) and passed the motion to incorporate the Town of West Palm Beach in what was then Dade County (now Miami-Dade County). This made West Palm Beach the oldest incorporated municipality in the county and in South Florida. The town council quickly addressed the building codes and the tents and shanties were replaced by brick, brick veneer, and stone buildings. The city grew rapidly in the 1920s as part of the Florida land boom. Many of the city's landmark structures and old neighborhoods were built during this period. Originally, Flagler intended for his Florida East Coast Railway to end in West Palm but after the area experienced a deep freeze, he chose to extend the railroad to Miami instead. In the 1960s, Palm Beach County's first enclosed shopping mall, the Palm Beach Mall, and an indoor arena were completed. They led to a short revival for the city, but crime continued to be a serious problem and by the early 1990s there were not many people living or working in downtown. Since the 1990s, developments such as CityPlace and renovation of 1920s architecture on Clematis Street have brought people back to downtown for the entertainment and shopping district.
Williston is a city of Florida in the United States. Geography. Williston has a total area of 6.8 square miles.
George Edward Foreman (January 10, 1949 – March 21, 2025) was an American two-time World heavyweight boxing champion and entrepreneur. He was born in Marshall, Texas, and grew up in Fifth Ward, Houston. He became the oldest man ever to win a major heavyweight title when, at 45, he knocked out 26-year-old Michael Moorer in the 10th round. He is still the oldest person to do that and has been named one of the 25 greatest fighters of all time by "Ring Magazine". Nicknamed "Big George", he became a businessman and an ordained Christian minister.  Foreman has ten children, and each of his five sons is named George: George Jr., George III, George IV, George V, and George VI. They are also known by the nicknames "Monk", "Red", "Joe" "Big Wheel" and "Little George". His five daughters are Michi, Georgetta, Freda George, Natalie, and Leola. He also has two adopted daughters. Late in the 20th century he gave his name to the electric George Foreman Grills. They cook food and allow the fat to drain off into a bowl, making the food less fatty.