ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Peaceful coexistence was a theory developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War that said that socialist and capitalist states could 'accept' each other. The idea of peaceful coexistence came from before the Communist leader Stalin’s death, as Georgy Malenkov called for it in 1952. But it was more clear after Stalin’s death in 1953 where destalinization (removing the personality and politics of Stalin) began.
On the Internet, a header is extra information about a group of data. When someone sends an email, this information might contain when the email was sent, or some data about who sent the email (such as their IP address). You can think of email headers like the address and postage stamp on the outside of an envelope sent through regular mail. Sometimes, this happens with other data (which is not an email) too. Computers often communicate with each other to transmit other kinds of data, like how to display a webpage, or the contents of an image. When this happens, other headers also come along with it.
Isfahan or Esfahān (historically also rendered as "Ispahan" or "Hispahan", , , "Esfahān") is the capital of Esfahan Province in Iran. It is about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609. It is Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad. Isfahan was once one of the largest cities in the world. It was strong from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty. During this time it was the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. Even today, the city keeps much of its past glory. It is famous for its Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. The Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan is one of the largest city squares in the world. It is an outstanding example of Iranian and Islamic architecture. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city also has a many historic monuments.
The Residentie Orchestra (Dutch: Residentie Orkest) is an orchestra from The Hague in the Netherlands. Outside the Netherlands it is often known as The Hague Philharmonic. The name “Residentie” (“Residence”) shows that it comes from The Hague, which is where the Dutch parliament meets. The Hague is the “residence of the Queen’s parliament”, although it is not the capital city of the Netherlands. The orchestra are internationally famous. History of the Orchestra. The orchestra started to form in 1903 when a group of musicians who called themselves the “Residentie Orkest” gave a concert in the Gebouw voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen (Building for Arts and Sciences) in the centre of the Hague. By the end of the following year they had formed to give regular concerts. Their concert on 20 November 1904 is taken to be the official beginning of the orchestra. The first conductor of the orchestra was Henri Viotta, who soon made it a very good orchestra. Famous composers came to conduct their own works with the orchestra. These included Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Max Reger and Maurice Ravel. The orchestra was sometimes conducted by the Dutch composer Peter van Anrooy, as well as their guest conductor George Szell. The orchestra continued to be internationally known, and some very famous conductors came to conduct the orchestra, including Arturo Toscanini, Bruno Walter, Leonard Bernstein and Hans Knappertsbusch. During the years after World War II, from 1949 to 1973, Willem van Otterloo was the chief conductor. They gave regular concerts in the Hague and in Amsterdam and made recordings for Philips Gramophone. Van Otterloo introduced them to many different styles of music. As in its earlier days, the orchestra often played modern music conducted by the composers: Bruno Maderna, Mauricio Kagel, John Cage and Pierre Boulez conducted their works. Recordings were made with other conductors including Gennady Rozhdestvensky and Evgenii Svetlanov who included music by less well-known Russian composers. Jaap van Zweden, who conducted the orchestra for the first five years
Al-Azhar University is a university and mosque in Cairo, Egypt. It is the main centre of Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning in the world. It is also the world's second-oldest surviving university. It was founded in 975 by the Fatimids of the Shia tradition. Notes. Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah is the "Fatwa" department of Al Azhar university headed by Grand Imam of Al Azhar.
Imām Rezā shrine () is a complex in Mashhad, Iran. It contains the mausoleum of Imām Ridhā, the eighth Imām of Twelver Shi'ites. Also in the complex are the Goharshad Mosque, a museum, a library, seminaries, a cemetery, a dining hall for pilgrims, vast prayer halls, and other buildings. This complex is the center of tourism in Iran. It is visited by 15 to 20 million pilgrims every year.
سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَىٰ بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِّنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ﴾ [ الإسراء: 1] Qiblah (, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Salah. Most mosques contain a niche in a wall that indicates the qiblah. First Qibla;Unlike the biography stories that are composed of traditional rumor compilations, based on text and archaeological research, and hypothesized that the "Masjid al-Haram" was not located in Mecca, but in Almasjid AlAqsa in Jerusalem not Alpetra.  Canadian archeology and Islamic history researcher Dan Gibson discovered that the oldest mosque,palace and cemetery positionings point to Petra. He found that it was the place where Muhammad and the first Muslims lived, and that the first direction of qibla for the Muslims was facing Petra. No, it wasn't facing Petra but Almasjid AlAqsa as mentioned in Quran.
The Terracotta Army is the buried army of Qin Shi Huang, an ancient Chinese emperor. These ancient sculptures were built and buried over two thousand years ago near the city of Xi'an. They were discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well looking for underground water. Over a thousand terracotta warriors and horses have been uncovered since then. At least 6,000 more are thought to remain buried still. According to the Chinese historian Sima Qian, Qin Shi Huang ordered this army to be built long before he became the first Emperor of all China in 221 BC. Work started when he was King of Qin in 247 BC. They were constructed to protect him in the afterlife. He died in 210 BC. Over 700,000 workers were needed to build the underground city where he was buried. It is thought to be filled with riches and decorated beautifully. The Chinese government has no plans to uncover the underground palace. Each terracotta warrior is made of clay. They are around 2 meters tall, with commanders in the army being the tallest. The sculptures are so detailed that it is possible to guess the age, rank and personality of each one. None of the soldiers are the same. Some carry weapons such as daggers, bows and arrows, swords, spears or axes. Assembly line. The terracotta army figures were made in workshops. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used, and then clay was added to provide individual facial features. Once put together, features such as facial expressions were added.  It is thought their legs were made the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were made at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece and subsequently firing it. In those times, each workshop had to write its name on items produced. Once they were completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.
Iftar () also Afur in (Somali language) refers to the evening meal for breaking (fasting) during the Islamic month of Ramadan. Muslims fast in the holy month of Ramadan. At the time of Maghrib (just after sunset) they eat and drink. Dua for iftar is ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَثَبَتَ الأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ."Thirst has gone, the arteries are moist, and the reward is sure, if Allah wills." [1]
A gymnasium (often called a gym) is a place used for physical activity. The word "γυμνάσιον" (gymnasion) was used in Ancient Greece. It meant a place for both physical and intellectual education of young men (see gymnasium (ancient Greece)).  The intellectual education meaning persisted in German and other languages to mean a certain type of school providing secondary education, the Gymnasium, whereas in English the meaning of physical education was pertained in the word gym. However, the word "gymnasium" is not used very often in English nowadays. The term favoured in English is "sports centre", which perhaps seems more natural. Some gyms offer memberships where people can train to improve their physical appearance and health. Commercial gyms offer sometimes help from qualified trainer. Again, another term is more used today: "fitness centre". Sports such as basketball and volleyball are often played in gymnasiam.
A vault (French. "voute," Italian. "volta," German. "Gewölbe," Polish. "sklepienie", Spanish. "bóveda") is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof. Vault in ancient time. Long ago, in places like Mesopotamia and Egypt, they used simple vaults made of stones to build things like tombs and ziggurats. Then, the Romans got really good at making vaults. They built big things like the Colosseum using them, showing how clever they were at engineering. The Byzantine Empire, in places like Constantinople, also used vaults with fancy designs, like the Hagia Sophia with its pretty mosaics. In India, Islamic builders made vaults with big domes and detailed patterns, influenced by Persian and Byzantine styles, as seen in the Taj Mahal. Later in Europe, during the Gothic time, people started using pointed arches and ribbed vaults in cathedrals, like Notre-Dame in Paris. In Italy, during the Renaissance, Filippo Brunelleschi made a famous dome for Florence Cathedral with a vaulted ceiling. Then, in the Baroque and Rococo times, fancy vaulted ceilings became popular again in Europe's palaces and churches. Types of Vaults. The vaults can be classified on the basis of its structureː
Jannah () or Jannat () is the concept of paradise in Islam. The Arabic word "Jannah" is a short version of the word "Garden" Muslim belief is that Jannah is pure happiness that lasts forever. Jannah is described as a garden with beautiful features and different levels. It is believed that anything disallowed (haram) on Earth becomes allowed (halal) in Jannah due to everything in Jannah being halal.
Salat al-Janazah () or Namaz-e-Janaza () is the funeral prayer in Islam held by Muslims before the burial but after the shrouding of the body. Muslims do this so their soul can rise to Allah. The people praying ask for forgiveness from Allah to let the person go to heaven.
Eid al-Adha ( "‘Īdu l-’Aḍḥā") "Festival of Sacrifice" is a religious festival celebrated by Muslims all over the world. It is when Muslims sacrifice a goat, sheep, cow, camel, and bull sending part of the meat to poor people as a donation. It marks the end of the pilgrimage hajj for the millions of Muslims who make the trip to Mecca each year and pray 5 times a day. They like to tell Allah what they are thinking and hope for him to help them, and remember Ibrahim and Isma’il’s courage and devotion to God. Origin. The festival is to celebrate Ibrahim's (Abraham) willingness to sacrifice his son, Isma’il, because Allah told him to do so in a dream. Showing that he loved Allah more than his own son. And at the final moment, after taking his son's consent, as he was swinging his axe to kill his son God told an angel to switch a lamb instead of his son, and this act of sacrificing a lamb is copied by Muslims all over the world on Eid. Ibrahim was tempted by Satan not to listen to God, and Ibrahim drove Satan away by throwing pebbles at him. This is also still commemorated by Muslims during Hajj. Practices, traditions and observations. Eid prayer. The Eid prayer must be offered in congregation. It consists of two Rakaah (units) with seven Takbirs in the first Raka'ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka'ah. Sacrifice. The sacrifice of an animal, usually a cow, sheep or a goat, is a very important part of Eid. The act repeats what Ibrahim did, and also shows Muslims' devotion to God (Allah). Celebrations. Muslims celebrate by having a feast, and giving gifts to the poor. In some Muslim traditions gifts are also given to children. In Muslim countries the day is given as a national holiday.
The Fajr () prayer is the first of the five daily prayers ("salat") recited by practising Muslims. Muslims believe that "He who performs the dawn prayer (fajr) will be under the protection of Allah." (Sahih Muslim, Hadith# 657
The Isha () prayer is the night-time daily prayer recited by practising Muslims. It is the fifth of the five daily prayers ("salah"). Isha'a is one of the Muslim prayers. This prayer is used at nightfall before they go to sleep.
Itikaf or Etikaf or E'tikaf is a practice in the Islamic faith. It consists of a period of retreat in a mosque, for a certain number of days in accordance with the believer's own wish.That number of days is 10 days. Ramadan is a perfect opportunity to do this. During Itikaf the people spend the last set of Ramadan in the mosque worshipping Allah. They spend their nights in worship by reciting verses from the Qur'an and praying "thahajjud". During Itikaf, the believers stay at the mosque. E'tikaf is performed during the last set of Ramadan because "laylatul qadr" (the night when the Quran was revealed) is most probably expected in it.The Muslims also worship ALLAH more and reflect about what they have done in the past. Itikaaf is a spiritual practice in Islam where a person secludes themselves in a mosque for a certain period, typically during the last ten days of Ramadan. During this time, the person focuses on prayer, recitation of the Quran, and seeking closeness to Allah. It's considered a time of intense devotion and reflection.
The Norse group is a collection of moons of the planet Saturn that go around the planet in a different direction to the spin of Saturn. They also go in an odd ellipsis direction instead of a circle. The names of this group come from gods from Norway. However, Phoebe is a Greek god, because it was discovered first. Saturn has at least 61 moons, which can be put into ten groups. The Norse group is one of these groups, as is the Inuit group, and the Gallic group. List of satellites. Here are all the moons in the Norse group. The moons at the top of the list are closer to Saturn than those at the bottom of the list.
Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitan (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), was a leading propagandist of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. Marcelo H. del Pilar was born in Cupang (now Barangay San Nicolas), Bulacan, on August 30, 1850, to parents Julián del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaytan. He studied at the Colegio de San José and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he finished his law course in 1880. In 1882, del Pilar founded the nationalist newspaper "Diariong Tagalog" (Tagalog Newspaper). He organized various anti-friar demonstrations while in the Philippines. He also wrote anti-friar pamphlets like the "Dasalan at Tocsohan", "Caiigat Cayo", etc. Del Pilar went to Spain in 1888 to escape persecution by the Spanish authorities. He became the second editor of "La Solidaridad" (Solidarity) in Madrid.  Publication of the "La Solidaridad" stopped in 1895 due to lack of money. Del Pilar decided to return to the Philippines to lead a revolution against Spain. However, he cancelled his trip due to his illness. Del Pilar died of tuberculosis in Barcelona on July 4, 1896, a pauper, away from his wife and 2 children.
Slut is a broad word that usually means a woman who has sex with a lot of people. It is a bad word and is generally meant to be offensive to whomever it is describing. It is an insult, and some people would also call it a swear word. Originally it meant "A woman of dirty, slovenly or untidy appearance". The word was used as early as the 1300s. Geoffrey Chaucer used the adjective "sluttish" (referring to a untidy appearance) in "The Canterbury Tales". From the late 20th century, there have been attempts to reclaim the word. There have been various SlutWalk parades; sone people see the title as a source of pride.
The King Fahad Mosque is a mosque in Culver City, California. It is significant in the Muslim community. A mosque is the main public building in Islam. As a gift to the Muslim community of Southern California from Saudi Arabia, Prince Abdulaziz Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Minister of State and Cabinet Member, provided funding for the land in 1993. King Fahad pledged funds for the construction of the building in 1995. It will serve as a religious and educational center for both Muslims and non-Muslims, worldwide. Inside the Mosque, the Qiblah (direction of prayer) was built facing towards the Ka'ba (mosque) in the city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia. This is the direction that all Muslims face when they pray. Following Islamic tradition, there is a marble facade, hand made tiles from Turkey, and a 72 foot high minaret topped with a gold leaf crescent. The minaret is an architectural symbol of Islam. The building covers . It is has a central prayer area, an auditorium, conference rooms, and modern amenities for wudu (a-self-purification process performed before prayer). The King Fahad Mosque is located at 10980 Washington Boulevard in Culver City, California. It is open daily for all five prayers. Owned and operated by The Islamic Foundation of Shaikh Ibn Taimmiyyah, the entire project was guided by Director General, Dr. Khalil Al Khalil. The Islamic Foundation of Shaikh Ibn Taimmiyyah is located across the street from The King Fahad Mosque at 11004 Washington Boulevard. Sheikh Al - Islam Ibn Taymiyah Foundation. Ibn Taymiyah Foundation has supervised the project of King Fahad Mosque in Los Angeles since its beginning. It is responsible for management and future activities. The establishment of this foundation dates back to 1400 AH (1980 CE). Its activities began in the "Muslim Student House" in the city's western area. The idea developed further and a house was purchased in the same area for prayers, lectures and Dawa activities. The foundation is an Islamic charity organization legally recognized by United States authorities. It is exempted from
The Jewish Defense League (JDL) is a Jewish organization started in the US in 1968. Its stated goal is to "protect Jews from antisemitism by whatever means necessary". The JDL was suspected of plotting to bomb the King Fahd Mosque in Culver City, California. The FBI called the JDL a "right-wing terrorist group".
The Hassan Bek Mosque (, , also known as the Hasan Bey Mosque) is a mosque in Jaffa, which is now part of the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, in Israel. It is considered to be one of the most well-known mosques. Its only minaret was restored two times.
King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, ( - August 1, 2005) was the King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He was also the leader of the House of Saud and Prime Minister. One of his sons was Abdul Aziz bin Fahd.
The history of saffron growing reaches back more than 3,000 years. The wild plant from which the saffron crocus came was called "Crocus cartwrightianus". Humans began choosing wild plants that had long "stigmas". Gradually, a form of "C. cartwrightianus", "C. sativus", came into being in the late Bronze Age Crete. Experts believe that the first document to mention saffron is a 7th-century BC Assyrian book about botany which was written in the time of Ashurbanipal. Since then, we have found evidence for the use of saffron in the treatment of about 90 illnesses during the past 4,000 years. Mediterranean. The Minoans had pictures of saffron in their palaces as long ago as 1500–1600 BC, showing how it could be used as a medicine. Later, Greek legends told of sea voyages to Cilicia, where adventurers hoped to find the world's most valuable saffron. Another legend tells how someone named Crocus was bewitched and transformed into the original saffron crocus. Ancient Mediterranean peoples - including perfumers in Egypt, physicians in Gaza, townspeople in Rhodes, and the Greek "hetaerae" courtesans- used saffron in their perfumes, ointments, potpourris, mascaras, divine offerings, and medical treatments. In late Hellenistic Egypt, Cleopatra used saffron in her baths to make her feel good. Egyptian healers used saffron as a treatment for all varieties of gastrointestinal ailments. Saffron was also used as a fabric dye in such Levant cities as Sidon and Tyre. Aulus Cornelius Celsus prescribes saffron in medicines for wounds, cough, colic, and scabies, and in the mithridatium. Such was the Romans' love of saffron that Roman colonists took their saffron with them when they settled in southern Gaul, where it was extensively cultivated until Rome's fall. Competing theories state that saffron only returned to France
A pitch, in baseball, is when a pitcher throws the baseball to the batter. This is a pitcher's main job. The pitcher tries to get the player who is at-bat out. If a pitcher throws three strikes, the batter strikes out (unless the third strike is a foul tip). A strike is when a pitch is in the zone from the batter's knees to the belt and the width of home plate (the "strike zone"), and if the batter does not swing. A strike is also called if a batter swings at any pitch and misses, or if a batter hits a ball into foul territory (this is called a "foul tip"). If a pitcher throws a ball outside of the strike zone and the batter does not swing, this is called a "ball". If four of these are thrown, the batter gets to go to first base for free. This is called a "walk". Pitchers use different pitches to try to get the batter out. The most common is a fastball. A fastball is when the pitcher throws the ball as hard as he or she can. The pitcher is trying to get the ball past the batter before the batter can hit it. Another type of pitch is a changeup. A pitcher throws a changeup when he or she wants the batter to swing before the ball gets to home plate. The batter might do this because he or she thinks the pitch is a fastball and the baseball will get to the plate faster. In addition to these two types of pitches, there are also many others.
Nélson de Jesus Silva (born 7 October 1973), better known simply as Dida, is a former Brazilian football player. Honours. Cruzeiro Corinthians AC Milan Internacional Brazil Youth Brazil Individual
Juan Silveira dos Santos (; born 1 February 1979), commonly known as Juan, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He currently works as Flamengo's Technical Manager. "Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Juan goal". Honours. Flamengo Roma Internacional Brazil Individual
Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite (born 22 April 1982), better known as Kaká, is a Brazilian former football player. He is one of the best players  Career statistics. International career statistics. !Total||92||29
Zé Roberto (born 6 July 1974) is a Brazilian former football player. Career statistics. Sources: International. Appearances and goals by national team and year International goals "Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first." Honours. Real Madrid Bayern Munich Santos Al-Gharafa Palmeiras Brazil Individual
Erich Alfred "Bubi" Hartmann (19 April 1922 in Weissach – 20 September 1993 in Weil im Schönbuch) was a German flying ace in World War II. He was the flying ace with the most victories ever: 352 planes. After the war he spent ten years in Soviet prison camps. Later, he joined the West Germany Air Force. He had a conflict with his superiors in the West German Air Force. So he was forced to resign. After that, he worked as a flight instructor. His highest rank was that of colonel.