ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Calcium bromate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ca(BrO3)2. It contains calcium and bromate ions. Properties. Calcium bromate is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water easily. It is an oxidizing agent. It is similar to calcium chloride.  Preparation. It is made by oxidation (by electrolysis) of calcium bromide solution. It can also be made by dissolving bromine in hot calcium hydroxide solution. This also makes calcium bromide. Uses. It is added to flour to make it better in some areas.
Sodium bromate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaBrO3, which means that one molecule of it contains one atom of sodium and one ion of bromate. Properties. Sodium bromate is a colorless solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent.  Preparation. Sodium bromate is made by reacting sodium hydroxide with bromic acid. It can also be made by electrolysis of a sodium bromide solution. It may be made by dissolving bromine in hot sodium hydroxide solution. This also makes sodium bromide. Uses. It is used to dye hair. It is also used to dye other things. It can be used to dissolve gold.
Potassium bromate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KBrO3. It contains potassium and bromate ions. Properties. Potassium bromate is a white solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It might be a carcinogen.  Preparation. It can be made by dissolving bromine in hot potassium hydroxide. It can also be made by electrolysis of potassium bromide solution.  Uses. Potassium bromate is used to make wheat flour better. Some places have banned it from being added to flour because it might be a carcinogen. Normally when the bread is baked the potassium bromate is broken down. If there is too much, then some might be left over in the bread, which is bad.
San Luigi dei Francesi is a French church in Rome. It was built by Giacomo della Porta who completed it in 1859. The church is found near the Roman Pantheon, Piazza Navona and the French Cultural Center. The main attractions are some Caravaggio paintings; The Calling of Saint Matthew, The Inspiration of Saint Matthew, and the Martyrdom of Saint Matthew. The outside facade was also done by Giacomo della Porta as a decorative piece apart from the actual church. It shows French heroes and saints like Charlemagne and Saint Louis. The church is also a burial site for Pauline de Beaumont, Frédéric Bastiat, and Cardinal François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis.
Amadeus is a 1984 American biographical period drama movie directed by Miloš Forman. It won eight Oscars. This is a biography of two great music composers - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. Salieri knows Mozart is a great composer but tries to stop him out of jealousy. The movie was shot on location in Prague, Kroměříž and Vienna. Notably, Forman was able to shoot scenes in the Count Nostitz Theatre in Prague, where "Don Giovanni" and "La Clemenza di Tito" were first shown two centuries before. Several other scenes were shot at the Barrandov Studios.
Bromic acid is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is HBrO3. It contains hydrogen and bromate ions. Properties. Bromic acid cannot be found pure. It can be found in a solution though. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It is similar to chloric acid. Preparation. Bromic acid is made by adding a strong acid to a bromate such as sodium bromate. Uses. Bromic acid can be used to make bromates, although it is not normally used.
Bromine pentafluoride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BrF5. It contains bromine and fluoride ions. The bromine is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Bromine pentafluoride is a pale yellow liquid. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with water to make bromic acid and hydrofluoric acid.  Preparation. It can be made by reacting hot bromine with fluorine. This makes some bromine trifluoride. Potassium bromide can be reacted with fluorine. This makes bromine pentafluoride and potassium fluoride. Uses. It is used to look at the isotopes of oxygen. It can add fluoride ions to other chemical compounds. It can be used as an oxidizing agent in rockets. It can be used as poison as well.  Safety. Bromine pentafluoride is very corrosive. Just a little kills most animals. It can ignite powdered metals.
Bromine trifluoride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BrF3. It contains bromine and fluoride ions. The bromine is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. It is a yellow liquid. It absorbs water and reacts when placed in water. It can be dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid. It conducts electricity. It can dissolve other fluorides.  Preparation. It is made by reacting cold fluorine with bromine. Hot fluorine makes bromine pentafluoride.  Uses. It is used to make uranium hexafluoride for uranium making. This makes the uranium able to explode in an atomic bomb.
The Leader of the Conservative Party is the most senior politician within the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom. The post is currently held by Kemi Badenoch since 2 November 2024. There was no proper leader of the Conservative Party until 1922: Leaders in the House of Lords 1834–present. "Those asterisked ( * ) were considered the overall leader of the party." Leaders of the Conservative Party 1922-Present. Date in brackets shows when each person became leader.
White people are people with light skin. Most white people are of European origin. In American English, the term "Caucasian" is used to mean "white people." Outside of North American, it refers to people or things from the Caucasus Mountains. Before the modern age, Europeans did not think of themselves as "white". They defined their race, ancestry or ethnicity in terms of their nationality: Greek, Roman, etc. The idea of a single white race came into use starting in the 17th century. The term white was invented during American slavery to distinguish European Americans from African American slaves. The people who were the strongest supporters of the white race being supreme in 20th century Europe were fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. They felt that some European peoples such as Slavs as a different race even though they were white. This was just for political purposes.
is a Japanese architect and university professor at Tama Art University and Keio University in Tokyo. Sejima won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2010. Career. Sejima worked in the design office of Toyo Ito. In 1987, she started her own company, Kazuyo Sejima and Associates in 1987. In 1995, she started a partnership with Ryūe Nishizawa in Tokyo. It was called SANAA. In 2005-2008, she was a visiting professor at the School of Architecture at Princeton University, in Princeton, New Jersey. In 2010, Sejima became Director of the Architecture Sector for the Venice Biennale. She organized the 12th Annual International Architecture Exhibition. She is the first woman to be in that position. "This table is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it."
"The article about the capital of Yemen is at Sana'a" SANAA is an architecture partnership in Tokyo. SANAA won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2010. History. Kazuyo Sejima and Ryūe Nishizawa started the design office in 1995.
Notoceratops (meaning "southern horned face") was a ceratopsian dinosaur known only from a late Cretaceous jaw bone. "Notoceratops" walked on four sturdy legs, had a large head, a bulky body, a parrot-like beak, cheek teeth, and a small frill on its head. Discovery. Notoceratops was named by Augusto Tapia in 1918 from a partial lower jaw found in Chubut, Argentina. This original "Notoceratops bonarelli" is missing and there is some doubt as to whether or not this fossil was actually a ceratopsian.
is a prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan on the island of Kyushu. The capital city is Kumamoto. History. The area of Higo Province was renamed Kumamoto during the Meiji Restoration. Geography. Kumamoto Prefecture is in the middle of Kyūshū The western border of Kumamoto is the Ariake Sea and the Amakusa Islands. Fukuoka Prefecture and Ōita Prefecture are in the north. Miyazaki Prefecture is in the east. Kagoshima Prefecture is in the south. Mount Aso (1592 m) is an active volcano in the eastern part of the prefecture. National Parks. National Parks are established in about 21% of the total land area of the prefecture, including Shrines and Temples. "Aso-jinja" is the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture.
Thomas Peter Thorvald Kristian Ferdinand Mortensen (August 16, 1882 – April 25, 1998), known as an adult as Christian Mortensen, was a Danish-born American supercentenarian who lived to age 115 years and 252 days, and was believed to be the second-oldest man in history, after Japanese Shigechiyo Izumi (claimed to be born June 29, 1865 but was most likely born in 1880) who died on February 21, 1986 at the claimed age of 120 years, 237 days. However, Izumi's claimed record was officially debunked in 2012, and later in 2023 even the claimed age record of American Mathew Beard (claimed to be born 9 July 1870) who died almost exactly one year before Izumi at the claimed age of 114 years, 222 days, and Mortensen is therefore verified to have been the first man who lived to age 114 as well as the only man who lived to age 115 before Emiliano Mercado del Toro's 115th birthday on August 21, 2006, and the oldest man in history until December 27, 2012 when his record was broken by Japanese Jiroemon Kimura. Mortensen was baptised in Fruering Church on December 26, 1882. Besides his baptismal record, other records include the 1890 and 1901 census enumerations in Denmark, and church confirmation in 1896. He was the world's oldest validated living man between January 20, 1994 and April 25, 1998.
Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (23 January 1673 – 30 May 1731) was the wife of the Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, the heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.  She was the youngest child of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Henrietta Adelaide of Savoy and was a sister to Louis XIV's daughter-in-law.  She married Ferdinando de' Medici on 9 January 1689 and became known as the Grand Princess of Tuscany. Her husband died on 31 October 1713 and she did not have any children. She was put in charge of Siena in 1717 and died in 1731.
Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (28 November 1660 – 20 April 1690) was the wife of Louis, the Grand Dauphin. She had three sons including the father of Louis XV of France and a King of Spain. In France she was known as Dauphine Marie Anne Victoire. She was a sister of the Violante Beatrice of Bavaria, the last Medici Grand Princess of Tuscany. At court she was known simply as "Madame la Dauphine".  She was a daughter of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Henrietta Adelaide of Savoy. Children. Through her first two sons she is an ancestor of the present King of Spain as well as the present Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
Geometric abstraction is a form of abstract art based on the use of geometric forms in non-representational compositions. This art is not meant to depict our everyday visual world, but instead uses the shapes of basic geometry. Wassily Kandinsky, one of the forerunners of pure non-objective painting, was among the first modern artists to explore this geometric approach in his abstract work. Other examples of pioneer abstractionists such as Kazimir Malevich and Piet Mondrian have also embraced this approach towards abstract painting. Geometric abstraction is not just an invention of 20th century avant-garde artists or movements. It is present in many cultures throughout history both as decorative motifs and as art pieces themselves.  Islamic art, in its prohibition of depicting religious figures, is a prime example of this geometric pattern-based art. It existed centuries before the modern movement in Europe, and in many ways influenced this Western school. Geometric patterns were often used in the architecture of Islamic civilisations from the 7th century-20th century, to visually connect spirituality with science and art.  Abstract art has also historically been likened to music in its ability to convey emotional or expressive feelings and ideas without reliance upon or reference to recognizable objective forms already existent in reality. Wassily Kandinsky has discussed this connection between music and painting, as well as how the practice of classical composition had influenced his work, at length in his seminal essay "Concerning the Spiritual in Art". Expressionist abstract painting, as practiced by artists such as Jackson Pollock, is the opposite of geometric abstraction.  Artists who have worked extensively in geometric abstraction include Josef Albers, Theo van Doesburg, Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Piet Mondrian, Barnett Newman, Kenneth Noland, Bridget Riley, Alexander Rodchenko, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, among others.
Josef Albers (March 19, 1888 – March 25, 1976) was a German-born American artist and educator. His work in Europe and the United States was highly influential and far-reaching. His ideas formed the basis of many art education programs in the 20th century. Life. Albers was born in Bottrop, Westphalia, Germany. He studied art in Berlin, Essen, and Munich, before enrolling as a student at the prestigious Weimar Bauhaus in 1920. He began teaching in the preliminary course of the Department of Design in 1922, and was promoted to Professor in 1925, the year the Bauhaus moved to Dessau. His work at this time included designing furniture and working with glass. With the closure of the Bauhaus under Nazi pressure in 1933, Albers emigrated to the United States. In 1950 Albers was appointed head of the Department of Design at Yale University. In 1963 he published "Interaction of color" which presented his theory that colors were governed by an internal and deceptive logic. A key idea, which he proved by examples, was that our perception of color is not constant. It is influenced by the juxtaposition (placing together) of one color with another. This interested artists interested in optical illusions (Op art). Albers is best remembered for his work as an abstract painter and theorist. Most famous of all are the hundreds of paintings and prints that make up the series "Homage to the Square". In this rigorous series, begun in 1949, Albers explored chromatic interactions with flat colored squares arranged inside each other. This was a union of geometric abstraction with experiments in color.
France has a multi-party system, which means that several political parties must form coalitions in order to form a government. This is because it would be very difficult for any one party to win a majority of seats in the French National Assembly. Since the 1980s, there have been two major coalitions; one is a collection of right-wing parties and the other is a collection of left-wing parties. Parties. Right-wing. National Rally ("Rassemblement National;" RN): nationalism, hrsdgb , euro-scepticism.  The Republicans ("Les Républicains"; LR) - Promotes conservatism, liberal-conservatism and nationalism. Replaced the Union for a Popular Movement ("Union pour un mouvement populaire") in 2015. Centrist. Renaissance - Promotes neoliberalism, economic liberalism, centrism, and pro-Europeanism. Founded by current French President Emmanuel Macron in 2016. Left-wing. Socialist Party ("Parti Socialiste") - Promotes social democracy. La France insoumise - Promotes democratic socialism, environmentalism and pacifism. French Communist Party ("Parti Communiste Français") - Promotes communism. Europe Ecology – The Greens - Promotes environmentalism Royalists. Royal Alliance ("Alliance Royale") Nouvelle Action Royaliste Democratic rally ("Rassemblement démocrate") Communists. Worker's Communist Party of France ("Parti Communiste des Ouvriers de France") Independent Worker's Party ("Parti ouvrier indépendant") - Trotskyist Pole of Communist Rebirth in France ("Pôle de Renaissance Communiste en France") Others. Pirate Party ("Parti Pirate") Frexit. Popular Republican Union ("Union Populaire Républicaine") - Promotes movement of national liberation and Frexit.
Philip V of Spain (19 December 16839 July 1746) was the second son of Louis, Grand Dauphin and Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. He was a grandson of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain and was King of Spain from 1700 – 1724 and again from 1724 – 1746. He succeeded Charles II of Spain who was childless and mad. His total reign (45 years and 16 days) is the longest in the history of the Spanish monarchy, surpassing Philip IV. Although his path to the throne made the War of the Spanish Succession sooner, Philip V started many important reforms in Spain, most especially the unification of power of the monarchy and the suppression of regional privileges, like giving the Nueva Planta an official order, and restructuring of the administration of the Spanish Empire on the Iberian Peninsula and its overseas regions.  He was born at the Palace of Versailles, France. He lost the Kingdom of Naples to Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and the Kingdom of Sicily to Victor Amadeus II. He died at his the Royal Palace of Madrid. Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain. He died in Madrid, Spain. His reign of 45 years and 21 days is the longest in modern Spanish history. He was also the father of three Kings of Spain.  First marriage. He married Maria Luisa of Savoy in 1701 and had four children: Second marriage. He remarried in 1714 to Elisabeth Farnese and had seven children:
Louis I of Spain (25 August 1707 – 31 August 1724) was the King of Spain and eldest son of Philip V of Spain and Maria Luisa of Savoy. His reign was one of the shortest in Spanish history. It is often considered unremarkable. However, his marriage to his father's cousin Louis Élisabeth d'Orléans helped the country's relations with France. His wife was a minor French princess. Louis was born in Madrid. He was the heir to the throne from birth. He held the title Prince of Asturias. He was given the names Louis, after his grandfather the King Louis XIV, and Felipe, in honour of his father. He was a first cousin of Louis XV of France as well as the future Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. Louis was King of Spain from 14 January to 31 August 1724, less than eight months. During his short reign he was nicknamed "The beloved" and "The liberal" ("El Bien Amado" and "El Liberal" in Spanish). His reign ended when he died of smallpox. He had no children.
Maria Luisa of Savoy (17 September 1688 – 14 February 1714) was the first wife of Philip V of Spain. She loved her husband a lot and gave him four children. She had a lot of influence in the government but died exhausted in 1714. Her husband remarried to Elisabeth Farnese in December 1714. She was very popular in Spain. Life. Named after her aunt the former Queen of Spain she was the second daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Savoy. At her fathers court it was well known that her father was having an affair with the Countess of Verua. This therefore put strain on her parents marriage. She was always close to her sister Marie Adélaïde.  Family. She married Philip V in 1701 and had four children:
Most political parties in Scotland can be put into two groups: Unionists and Nationalists. Nationalists want Scotland to become an independent country and to stop being part of the United Kingdom whereas Unionists want Scotland to stay in the United Kingdom. Parties currently represented. The following parties are parties represented at either the British House of Commons and/or the Scottish Parliament.
Agostino De Laurentiis, usually credited as Dino De Laurentiis (8 August 1919 – 10 November 2010), was an Italian Academy Award-winning movie producer. Early life. He was born at Torre Annunziata in the province of Naples. He grew up selling spaghetti produced by his father. He studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome. His studies were interrupted by the Second World War. Career. His first movie was "L'ultimo Combattimento" in 1940. He has produced nearly 150 movies. In 1946 his company, the Dino de Laurentiis Cinematografica, moved into movie production. In the early years, De Laurentiis produced neorealist films such as "Bitter Rice" (1946) and the Fellini classics "La Strada" (1954) and "Nights of Cabiria" (1956). Neorealist is a style about the poor and working class. In the 1960s, De Laurentiis built his own studio facilities. During this period, De Laurentiis produced such films as "Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die", "Navajo Joe" (1966), and "Barbarella" (1968). In the 1970s, De Laurentiis moved to the US. He created his own studio, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group (DEG), based in Wilmington, North Carolina. During this period De Laurentiis made a number of successful and acclaimed movies, including "Serpico" (1973), "Death Wish" (1974), "Mandingo" (1975), "Three Days of the Condor" (1975), "The Shootist" (1976), Ingmar Bergman's "The Serpent's Egg" (1977), "Ragtime" (1981), "Conan the Barbarian" (1982) and "Blue Velvet" (1986). It is for his more infamous productions that De Laurentiis's name has become known: The "King Kong" (1976) remake, which was a
Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (9 August 1663 – 31 October 1713) was the son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. Ferdinando was heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, with the title Grand Prince from his father's accession in 1670 until his death in 1713. He married Violante Beatrice of Bavaria in 1689 but the marriage remained childless. He died of syphilis aged 50.  His older brother Gian Gastone de' Medici, then became Grand Prince and later was the Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Cosimo III de' Medici (14 August 1642 – 31 October 1723) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Tuscany. He reigned from 1670 to 1723, and was the elder son of Grand Duke Ferdinando II of Tuscany. Cosimo's fifty long reign, the longest in Tuscan history, was marked by a series of regulatory laws. His reign also saw Tuscany's bad finances become even worse. He was succeeded by his elder surviving son, Gian Gastone de' Medici, when he died, in 1723.  He married Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, a cousin of Louis XIV. It was a bad marriage and Marguerite Louise eventually left Tuscany to remain at the Convent of Montmartre in Paris. Together, they had 3 children. In later life, he tried to have Anna Maria Luisa recognised as heiress of Tuscany, but Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, would not allow it. Tuscany passed it to the House of Lorraine in 1737. Issue. Cosimo III had three children with Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, a granddaughter of Henry IV of France: Cosimo III's official style was "Cosimo the Third, By the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Tuscany."
Gian Gastone de' Medici (24 May 1671 – 9 July 1737) was the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany. He was the second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. His sister, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the Electress Palatine, married him to Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697. The two remained childless and it was common knowledge that Gian Gastone was homosexual. Gian Gastone succeeded his father as Grand Duke in 1723. In his reign he reversed all his father's laws and stopped taxes for poorer people, repealed (got rid of) the anti-Jewish laws and stopped public executions. His father, Cosimo III, wanted the his sister to succeed him but Spain, Great Britain, Austria and the Dutch Republic disregarded and made Charles III of Spain his heir. Charles changed his claim to Francis III of Lorraine. Francis then became the Grand Duke on 9 July 1737 ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence.