ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Everest Base Camp is a campsite at the bottom of Mount Everest. There are two of them, located on opposite sides of the mountain. They are used as bases by mountain climbers. The climbers usually rest at base camp for several days to acclimatise. This lowers the risks and severity of altitude sickness. Climbing starts from one of these two camps. Food and equipment are brought to the South Base Camp by Sherpas or porters, with the help of animals like yaks. The North Base Camp has a track that vehicles can access, but usually only during summer.
Lochner v. New York, (1905), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court ruled a New York State law that set the maximum numbers of hours bakers could work per week was unconstitutional. The Court held that the right of a person to make a contract as a part of his or her business is a liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. With few exceptions this included the right to buy and sell labor. The decision was controversial and it made the Supreme Court an adversary to legislatures for over 30 years. Repeatedly, the Court struck down laws that regulated labor saying they violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This was called the "Lochner Era"; so-named for this decision. Background. A statute was enacted by the State of New York which limited the number of hours bakers could work to 10 hours a day or 60 hours a week. The law was a part of the Bakershop Act passed in 1895. The Journeymen Bakers’ Union wanted to limit the number of hours a day union bakers could work. Bakers were then typically paid by the day. The work had a number of health and safety risks due to dust, fumes, the heat of the ovens, etc. The lobbying was successful and in May 1895 the Governor of New York signed the bill into law. Joseph Lochner, a baker in Utica, New York, found the law made it hard to operate his business. He and his bakers often had to work more than 60 hours a week. Lochner was charged with violating the state law. He filed the appeal because he felt the law was unconstitutional because it violated his Civil liberties of "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness". The case went before the Supreme Court on February 23rd and was decided on April 17, 1905. The is considered one of the most groundbreaking cases in United States history.
Doom, known during development as Doom 4, is a first-person shooter game in the "Doom" series from 2016. The game is the second reboot of the "Doom" series and features gameplay similar to the original Doom from 1993. The way "Doom" (2016) was designed was very different from "Doom 3", which was more survival-horror-based and slower paced rather than the usual action-based, faster pace games of "Doom" (1993) and "Doom II". It was released on May 13, 2016. The game can be played on the PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch.  The sequel is "Doom Eternal" and was released in 2020. Game design. To make both fans of the first game and modern gamers happy, the game developers kept many of the old gameplay features and added some new ones as well. Older gameplay features include never reloading your weapon, having all weapons on you at all times rather than just two weapons, having a traditional health bar rather than health regeneration, running at full speed at all times, rewarding offensive gameplay rather than defensive gameplay, and defense being based on strafing (moving out of the way) rather than taking cover. Gameplay features that are new to the series include melee-based finishing moves called Glory Kills, most weapons having two different secondary firing modes that can be bought and switched out at any time, platforming similar to the games, weapon challenges to upgrade your weapons, and arcade-style challenges to upgrade your suit. The art style is also a mix of "Doom" and "Doom 3". Weapons. The game has all the weapons from "Doom" and "Doom 2". It also has the Heavy Assault Rifle, which was based on the Assault Rifle in Doom 3. There is also a completely new weapon, the Gauss Cannon. The Chainsaw now has fuel limits, unlike the other Doom games, but it can kill most enemies in one hit, and it also gives the player more ammo pick-ups when he or she is low on ammo. The BFG-9000 also has its own
The at sign (@), otherwise known as the ampersat, is a logogram. It is used in bills, emails and programming. In email, it is used to show a specific domain of an email address. In bills, it used to mean "at a rate of". For example, 7 widgets @ £2 equals £14. In programming, the at sign has been used in a wide range of programming languages. It was invented by Ray Tomlinson. It is the ligature form of the Latin word "ad", which means "at". The sign is one of several special symbols on the standard English keyboard.
The Humboldt Current is a cold, low-salinity ocean current. It flows north along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru. Also called the Peru Current, it flows in the direction of the equator. It extends 1,000 kilometers offshore.  The Humboldt Current is a large marine ecosystem, named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. It is one of the major nutrient systems of the world, bringing nutrients up into the surface waters of the ocean. This supports an extraordinary abundance of marine life. Upwelling occurs off Peru year-round but off Chile only during the spring and summer. This is because the subtropical center of high pressure is displaced during the summer. About 18-20% of the world’s fish catch comes from the Humboldt Current. The species are mostly pelagic: sardines, anchovies and jack mackerel. This high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals (eared seals and cetaceans) and seabirds. The cold, nutrient-rich water upwelling to the surface drives the system’s extraordinary productivity. The Humboldt Current is part of a much larger system, the South Pacific Gyre.
Crimes against humanity are crimes that are committed against a large group of people who have not done anything wrong. Groups who commit crimes against humanity do not hurt just one person, or just a few people. They want to hurt an entire group of people that they do not like. For example, in Nazi Germany during The Holocaust, the Nazis tried to kill all of the Jewish people in Europe. This is an example of a crime against humanity. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity can happen during peace or war, and against people who do not fulfill the criteria of protected persons in an international armed conflict under international humanitarian law. Definition. Not every crime committed against a big group is a crime against humanity. To be crimes against humanity, crimes must be planned by the government or accepted by the government. "Accepted" means that the government did nothing to stop the crimes, even though they were very common. In this way, a government can give its approval for crimes against humanity without actually telling people to do them. Crimes against humanity must also be committed against a civilian population (people who are not soldiers). Crimes committed against soldiers may be war crimes. Examples. Today, crimes against humanity can include: However, in the past, not all of these things were thought of as crimes against humanity. For example, crimes against humanity were first listed in 1945. However, it was not until 2002 that many forms of sexual abuse (like sexual slavery) were included as crimes against humanity.pp. 8–10 History. The Armenian Genocide. The words "crime against humanity" were first used after the Armenian Genocide. In 1915, the government of the Ottoman Empire killed up to 1.5 million Armenian people. The government killed men or made them do forced labor. They also forced Armenian women and children to leave their homes. On the way, the Ottoman military raped, robbed, and killed civilians. On May 24, 1915, Britain, France, and Russia accused the Ottoman Empire of committing "a crime against humanity." The Nuremberg Trials. After World War II ended, many people who participated in The Holocaust were captured and put on trial at the Nuremberg Trials
Captain Donald Edward "Don" Williams (February 13, 1942 – February 23, 2016) was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, mechanical engineer and NASA astronaut. He has a recorded total of 287 hours and 35 minutes in space. He was born in Lafayette, Indiana. Williams died on February 23, 2016 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from complications of a stroke. He was 74 years old.
Louise Rennison (11 October 1951 – 29 February 2016) was an English author. She wrote the "Confessions of Georgia Nicolson", which was a series for teenage girls. This series records the life of a teenage girl, Georgia Nicolson, and her best friends, the Ace Gang.  Rennison was born in Leeds. She grew up on a council estate in Seacroft. She lived in New Zealand for part of her teens. During that time she had daughter, whom she gave up for adoption. Her first and second novels, "Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging" and "It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers" were made into a movie called "Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging". She also wrote a series of books about Georgia's younger cousin, "The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey". Rennison was never married. She died on 29 February 2016.
Adriana Benetti (12 December 1919 – 24 February 2016) was an Italian actress. She was known for her roles in "Quattro passi fra le nuvole", "C'è sempre un ma!", "Uno tra la folla" and "Avanti c'è posto...". She was born in Ferrara, Italy.  Benetti died in Rome on 24 February 2016 from complications of pneumonia. She was 96 years old.
Alan Mark Grayson (born March 13, 1958) is an American politician. He was the United States Representative for from 2013 to 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He last served as Representative for from 2009 to 2011. He was defeated for re-election in 2010 by Republican Daniel Webster. He was then elected in 2012 for another term in the House of Representatives, defeating Republican Todd Long. In 2014 he defeated Republican challenger Carol Platt to win re-election. On July 9, 2015, Grayson announced his intentions to run in the United States Senate election in Florida, 2016 to replace Marco Rubio. In 2016, Grayson said he supported Bernie Sanders to be the Democratic nominee for President of the United States.
Tulsi Gabbard (born April 12, 1981) is an American politician and a military officer who has been the 8th and current Director of National Intelligence since 2025. She has also been a Lieutenant colonel with the US Army Reserve since 2021. She served as a U.S. Representative representing Hawaii from 2013 to 2021. Gabbard worked with "Hawaii Army National Guard" for 17 years, from 2003 to 2020, before transferring to US Army Reserve. While in US Congress, she was a member of the Democratic Party. After leaving Congress, she left the party to become an Independent. She was the first American Samoan and the first Hindu member of the United States Congress. She was also one of its first female combat veterans to serve in US Congress. Earlier, Gabbard joined the "Hawaii Army National Guard" in 2003 and was deployed in Iraq from 2004 to 2005, where she served in a medical unit. In 2007, Gabbard completed the Officer training program at the Alabama Military Academy as a distinguished honor graduate. She was stationed in Kuwait from 2008 to 2009 as an Army Military Police platoon leader. In 2015 Gabbard became a Major with the "Hawaii Army National Guard". In 2020, she transferred to US Army Reserve and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant colonel in 2021. In January 2019, Gabbard announced her plans to run for President of the United States in the 2020 presidential election. On October 25, 2019, Gabbard announced that she would not seek another term in Congress. She dropped out from the primaries on March 19, 2020 and announced her support for Joe Biden.  After leaving the U.S. House in 2021, she became more conservative on social issues such as abortion and transgender rights and even spoke at the 2022 CPAC. Gabbard joined the Republican Party in October 2024. A month later, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Gabbard to serve as the Director of National Intelligence
"Writing's on the Wall" is a song by British singer Sam Smith. It was the theme song for the "James Bond" movie "Spectre" in 2015. The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. The song was written by Smith and Jimmy Napes, and produced by Napes, Steve Fitzmaurice and Disclosure. It was released on 25 September 2015. "Writing's on the Wall" received mixed reviews, especially when compared to other Bond theme songs. The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey being a popular topic on Twitter on the day it was released.  The single became the first Bond movie theme to reach number 1 in the UK Singles Chart. It also reached the Top 10 in a few other European countries. Unlike other James Bond themes, it was not as successful outside Europe. It only peaked at Number 43 in Canada and Australia and Number 71 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Only the instrumental version of the song appeared on the movie's official soundtrack album.  The song won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 88th Academy Awards.
Betsy Jochum "Sockum" (born February 8, 1921) is a former American baseball player. She played as an outfielder and pitcher. She played from 1943 to 1948 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She was listed at , . She batted and threw right-handed. Jochum played for the South Bend Blue Sox during her whole career. Jochum was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She was raised in South Bend, Indiana.  Jochum turned 100 years old on February 8, 2021 and is still alive at age 103 in 2024.
Repeating decimal (or recurring decimal) is a decimal where the number or pattern repeats forever. Repeating decimal is resulted when dividing a number by a number that is not divisible except for certain cases like dividing any number by 5. For example, dividing 7 by 3 would result in a repeating decimal, which is 2.333... or 2.. The number or group of numbers that repeats is called a repetend or reptend and the number of numbers in the repetend is called the period length. For 2., 3 is the repetend and the period length is 1. It can be shown that a number is rational if and only if its decimal representation is repeating or terminating. For example, the decimal representation of becomes periodic just after the decimal point, repeating the single digit "3" forever, i.e. 0.333... A more complicated example is , whose decimal becomes periodic at the "second" digit following the decimal point and then repeats the sequence "144" forever, i.e. 5.8144144144... Another example of this is , which becomes periodic after the decimal point, repeating the 13-digit pattern "1886792452830" forever, i.e. 11.18867924528301886792452830...
Azerbaijani wines are wines made in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is one of the oldest wine-making regions in the world. Azerbaijani wine is made in several areas throughout Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan has a successful wine industry that dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. Azerbaijan's long history of wine-making was rediscovered at archaeological digs of settlements in Kültəpə, Qarabağlar and Galajig. Archaeologists discovered stone fermentation and storage containers that included remnants and grape seeds dating back to the 2nd millennium BC. The Ancient Greeks were well aware of wine production in the area by at least the 7th century BC according to Herodotus. Later Strabo would comment in the 1st century BC about an Azerbaijani wine known as "Albania". Arabic historians and geographers described the extensive viticulture around Ganja and Barda that was taking place even after Islamic conquest of the area. Since the end of the Soviet Union and the independence of Azerbaijan, many attempts have been made to revive and modernize the Azerbaijani wine industry. Today vineyards are found in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains and the Kur-Araz lowlands near the Kura River. In the 21st century, Ganja, Nagorno-Karabakh and Nakhchivan have emerged as centers of wine production in the region.
Urinogenital is a term for the common urinal and sex passage (opening) in mammals. In females it is called the vagina, and in males it is called the penis. Mammals have a sepate opening for waste (defaecation) called the anus. The term contrasts with that of reptiles and birds, which have one common opening for sex, urine and defaecation. This is called the cloaca.
An economic system is a man-made and malleable system to regulate the production, resource allocation, exchange, and distribution of goods and services in a society or a geographic area. Trade, money, markets, banks, laws and regulations are all part of an economic system. Examples of economic systems include:
1066 Harold’s Way is a long-distance path in South East England. It was developed in 2013. The path goes from Westminster Abbey to Battle Abbey. It goes through London, Kent and East Sussex. The route includes parts of the Thames Path, the Green Chain Walk, the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and the High Weald AONB. 1066 Harold’s Way commemorates King Harold II’s march to the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. It is based on the Roman road network that was still being used in 1066. That went from London to Rochester along Watling Street and then south through Maidstone, Staplehurst, Sissinghurst, Benenden and Bodiam, a clear route through the former Forest of the Andreasweald and a route that offers some of the best scenic views for walkers. The total length of 1066 Harold’s Way is 160 km (100 miles), mainly along Public Footpaths and Public Rights of Way (PRoW) and as a result, is unsuitable for cyclists or riders on horseback. The route is mixed-category in that it varies throughout the length from footpath (80%) to bridleway, byway and road. Some 15% of 1066 Harold’s Way is along roads, of which almost all are on minor lanes. The route is accessible by public transport. 1066 Harold’s Way links with the 1066 Country Walk. London to Rochester. From Westminster Abbey, 1066 Harold’s Way follows the Embankment and the Thames Path to Greenwich, the O2Arena and the Thames Barrier. It continues to Erith along the Green Chain Walk through Marryon Park, Charlton Park, Plumstead Common, Bostall Woods, and Lesnes Abbey Woods. After Cray Marshes, the path follows the River Darent through Dartford to climb up to the North Downs at Beacon Hill Country Park. It continues through Jeskyn’s Country Park, past the Darnley Mausoleum to join the North Downs Way. It then goes to Rochester along the Strood Community Trail. It ends at Rochester Castle (
Chisholm v. Georgia, , is considered the first great decision by the United States Supreme Court. Given its early date, there was little available legal precedent in American law. It was almost immediately superseded by the Eleventh Amendment. Background. In 1777, needed supplies for the Revolutionary War were purchased from a South Carolina businessman by the Executive Council of Georgia. The supplies were delivered but Georgia never paid as they had promised. After the businessman's death, Alexander Chisholm, the executor of his estate, took the case to court trying to collect from the state of Georgia. Georgia maintained it was not under the jurisdiction of the federal courts.  United States Attorney General Edmund Randolph argued the case for the plaintiff before the court. The defendant, Georgia, refused to appear, claiming that, as a sovereign state, it could not be sued without granting its consent to the suit. The decision. In a four to one decision, the court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, with Chief Justice John Jay and associate justices John Blair, James Wilson, and William Cushing constituting the majority. Only Justice Iredell dissented. The court ruled that did not allow the states' sovereign immunity. In short, the Court ruled that Georgia was subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court. It granted federal courts the power to hear disputes between private citizens and states. Effects. The resulting public sentiment in favor of states' rights led directly to the passage of the Eleventh Amendment in 1795. In "Hollingsworth v. Virginia" (1798), the court ruled that pending court actions from "Chisholm" were dismissed due to passage of the Eleventh Amendment. This removed federal jurisdiction in cases where citizens of one state or of foreign countries attempt to sue another state. Supreme Court decisions overturned by Constitutional Amendments. "Chisholm" is one of only four decisions by the Supreme Court that were overturned by an amendment to the United States Constitution. The other three are: Arguably, one more case could be added:
At the 2016 Democratic National Convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party chose their nominees for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2016 national election. It was held July 25–28, 2016, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, beginning exactly one week after the 2016 Republican National Convention. The candidates were former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York, and United States senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont. There are 4,764 delegates to the Democratic National Convention, so a candidate needs a simple majority of 2,383 delegates including "superdelegates" to win the presidential nomination. On June 6, 2016, Clinton won the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, becoming the presumptive candidate.
The 2016 Democratic Party global presidential primary for Democrats Abroad happened March 1–8, 2016. E-mail, fax, and postal voting started January 11 and ended March 8. Voters voted once for a presidential candidate: either through Democrats Abroad, or through their home state. Those who vote in the Democrats Abroad global presidential primary may vote or caucus for all other candidates for the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, in their home states. They cannot vote twice for a presidential candidate. Sanders won the primary by 69% to Clinton's 31% winning 44 out of the 45 international cities. Results. The results given on 21 March were:
Tasmanian oak (or Australian oak) is hardwood timber made from some types of "Eucalyptus" trees in Tasmania. The trees for making Tasmanian oak are "Eucalyptus regnans", "Eucalyptus obliqua" or "Eucalyptus delegatensis". It is a light-coloured type of wood. It is used for building, furniture and paper. Wood from the same species of trees in Victoria is called Victorian ash.
Drupal is a free and open source software application that is installed on servers. When installed and configured, Drupal helps people make websites that are secure, safe, and stable. Drupal also allows users to share modules with each other. Modules are like building blocks that when installed make new features available. As of February 2016, more than 1.3 million websites use Drupal. Drupal is well supported, and many high level websites are built with it including whitehouse.gov.