ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Richard III (997/1001 – 6 August 1027) was the Duke of Normandy. His short reign of one year opened with a rebellion by his younger brother Robert I and ended with his death. Early career. Richard III was the oldest son of Richard II, Duke of Normandy and his wife Judith of Brittany. He was born . Around the year 1020, Richard's father sent him in command of a large army to rescue his brother-in-law, Reginald I, Count of Burgundy. It was a distance of about 250 miles (400 kilometers) from Normandy. Richard III's capture of the castle of Minamde was enough to convince Bishop Hugh to surrender and release Reginald. When his father died in August of 1026, as the oldest son, Richard III succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. By all accounts Richard III was accepted by the barons of Normandy and had no problems accepting his new role as duke. Richard III had given his younger son, Robert, the town of Exmes and the county of Hiemois. But once Richard III became duke, his younger brother Robert was not satisfied. He raided the diocese of his uncle Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen. He also captured his brother's city of Falaise. Robert's rebellion lasted through the end of 1026 and into early 1027. Finally Richard III laid to Falaise and brought the walls down. Robert surrendered and promised to be faithful. Richard III then took the next step; he arranged with king Robert II of France to marry his young daughter, Adelis. She was given rich dowry which included the city and county of Coutances. Even though he was now newly married to a king's daughter, he already had children by a concubine. But unexpectedly Richard III died on 5 or 6 August 1027. He had a son named Nicholas, but the boy was immediately sent to the at Fécamp. With Nicholas out of the way the duchy passed to his Richard III's younger brother Robert, who became the sixth duke of Normandy as Robert I. Marriage. In January of 1027 he was married to Adela a younger daughter of Robert II of France and Constance of Arles. After Richard's death Adela secondly married Baldwin V, Count of Flanders. Issue. By his wife Adela he had no children. By an unknown concubine he had at least two children:
Malung-Sälen Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Malung. The municipality was created in 1971. It was originally called Malung Municipality (). In 2007, the Government of Sweden decided to change the name as of 1 January 2008 to promote the ski resort of Sälen.
The English Electric Canberra is a famous twin-turbojet British-Australian military aircraft. Originally designed and built as a bomber, it was later modified for reconnaissance and electronic warfare. It was used in the United Kingdom by the Royal Air Force, Fleet Air Arm, and the Royal Aircraft Establishment. Other operators are Argentina, Australia, Chile, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, India, New Zealand, Peru, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sweden, Venezuela, West Germany, and Zimbabwe. USA bought two aircrafts for aerial tests. English Electric Canberra was the basis of the Martin B-57 light bomber.
The Martin B-57 Canberra is a U.S. licence built variant of the British English Electric Canberra, with the Martin B-57 built by Glenn L. Martin Company. Two variants were built for aerial reconnaissance and electronic warfare. The US Air Force used it in the Vietnam War. Pakistan was its most prominent foreign operator.
Heby Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in central Sweden. The seat is in Heby. Before 1 January 2007, the municipality was part of Västmanland County.
Karkkila is a city in Finland. About 9,111 people lived there as of 31 May 2013. Nearby municipalities include Lohja, Loppi, Tammela and Vihti. Some villages. Ahmoo, Alimmainen, Haavisto (Karkkila), Järvenpää (Karkkila), Karkkila, Nyhkälälä, Siikala, Tuorila, Vaskijärvi (village), Vattola and Vuotinainen.
"For the company, see Nokia." Nokia is a town in Pirkanmaa, Finland. About 32,700 people lived there as of January 2014. Nearby municipalities include Hämeenkyrö, Pirkkala, Sastamala, Tampere, Vesilahti and Ylöjärvi. Nokia is an industrial city and where products of many Finnish brands are made. The most notable is Nokia, which makes information technology products. In 2013, Nokia reported that it would sell its mobile phone division to Microsoft.
Todd Orlando (born July 26, 1986) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing with the Elmira Jackals of the East Coast Hockey League. Orlando was born in Clinton Township, Michigan. His playing height is 6 ft 8 inches, his weight is 237 lbs, and he shoots left. Minor career. Todd Orlando grew up playing in and around the Detroit area. Orlando started his Junior "A" career in Detroit in the Central States Hockey League with the Michigan Metro Jets. Todd then moved on the play two seasons in Sarnia for the Sarnia (Ontario) Blast of the Western Ontario Hockey League. Todd's time with the Sarnia Blast set the tone for Todd's physical style of play. College hockey. Orlando played one season of collegiate hockey 2007-2008 for Oakland University (Rochester, Michigan). Todd was a standout defenseman for the Golden Grizzlies. Professional hockey. In July 2010, Todd Orlando was invited to participate in the NHL New York Rangers prospects camp at Madison Square Gardens in New York City. That year Todd also had a tryout with the Allen Americans of the Central Hockey League and later signed a contract with the Cincinnati Cylones of the East Coast League. The 2011-2012 season saw Orlando playing in Finland, first for Kokkola, and then for Hermes.  Todd signed a contract in August 2012 to play for the Alaska Aces of the East Coast Hockey League. Later in 2012-2013, Orlando played a combined 27 pro games, first for the Denver Cutthroats of the Central Hockey League, and finishing the 2012-2013 season playing for the Wheeling Nailers of the East Coast Hockey League. In August 2013, Todd Orlando accepted an invitation to attend the main NHL training camp of the Philadelphia Flyers 2013-14 team with the training camp beginning on September 11, 2013. An injury suffered at the Flyers training camp forced Todd to leave camp early. Orlando did not play during the 2013-14 season.  On October 15, 2014, Todd Orlando signed a pro contract to play for the Elmira Jackals of the East Coast Hockey League for the 2014-2015 season.
A rave is a large party or festival with disc jockeys playing electronic music. Music played at raves include house, trance, techno, drum and bass, dubstep and other forms of electronic dance music (EDM). There is a lot of dancing. Raves also have laser light shows, projected images and other visual effects used to create a fantasy-like scene. Raves mostly developed from acid house music parties in the mid-to-late 1980s in England and Ibiza. From there, it quickly spread to mainland Europe and the United States. Raves are usually organised and promoted by event companies. Some of the early companies promoting raves in England during the 1990s were Fantazia and Helter Skelter. Another was ESP Promotions, which held a series of raves named "Dreamscape". In London, there were a few large clubs that held raves on a regular basis.
I'm So Excited is a Spanish comedy movie of 2013. The movie is about two bisexual pilots, Benito and Alex, and several homosexual stewards. During an airplane ride which could determine the remainder of their lives, an unchecked portion of the plane leaves them without part of the landing gear. This movie was released in summer 2013 in the United States. The director of this movie is Pedro Almodóvar. This movie received mixed to positive review by critics. Its title comes from a Pointer Sisters hit song.
Sälen [sæːlen] is a ski resort in Sweden. It is in Malung-Sälen Municipality in Dalarna County. It had 652 people living there in 2010. The starting line for Vasaloppet is held in Sälen.
is a Japanese rock band. It was formed in Tokyo in 2007. The band has four members: Satoshi Fukase, Saori Fujisaki, Shinichi "Nakajin" Nakajima, and DJ Love. They signed with the record label Toy's Factory in 2011. Their first single with this label was "Inori". This was released in August 2011. The Origin Of The Name. The origin of this band's name is that when Fukase broke down and felt like end of the world, he realized he only had music and friends. So, he thought he would start from end and named his band "SEKAI NO OWARI" History. They are friends from preschool to high school,but Saori is a year younger. The current DJ LOVE is the second. The first DJ LOVE left the band because he wanted to play different music. They started the band in 2006 in the "club EARTH" which they made themselves. In 2010,"The life of illusion"is first hit. Nowadays, they play the music all over the world.
Tokyo Broadcasting System is a television company in Tokyo, Japan. It is a parent company of a television network named Tokyo Broadcasting System Television, Inc. and radio network named TBS Radio &amp; Communications, Inc.
A celestial coordinate system is a coordinate system that helps astronomers specify the location of objects in the sky. These objects may be stars, planets or even satellites. There are several such coordinate systems listed below. All of them are spherical. The fundamental plane divides the celestial sphere into two equal hemispheres and defines the baseline for the latitudinal coordinates, similar to the equator in the geographic coordinate system. The poles are located at ±90° from the fundamental plane. The primary direction is the starting point of the longitudinal coordinates. Coordinate systems. These are common coordinate systems used by the astronomical community: Horizontal system. The horizontal system is based on the position of the observer on Earth. It is a useful coordinate system for finding and tracking objects for observers on Earth. It is based on the position of stars relative to an observer's true or ideal horizon. Equatorial system. The equatorial coordinates are based on the position of stars relative to the Earth's equator. Imagine the Earth's equator extended out to an infinite distance. The equatorial describes the sky as seen from the solar system. "Modern star maps almost exclusively use equatorial coordinates". Eclyptic system. The fundamental plane is the plane of the Earth's orbit, also called the ecliptic plane. There are two versions: the geocentric ecliptic coordinates centred on the Earth, and heliocentric ecliptic coordinates centred on the centre of mass of the solar system. The geocentric ecliptic system was the principal coordinate system for ancient astronomy and is still useful for computing the apparent motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets. The heliocentric ecliptic system describes the planets' orbital movement around the Sun, and centres on the barycenter of the solar system. This is very close to the centre of the Sun). The system is mainly used for computing the positions of planets and other solar system bodies, and their orbits. Galactic system. The galactic coordinate system uses the approximate plane of our galaxy as its fundamental plane. The solar system is still the centre of the coordinate system, and the zero point is defined as the direction towards the galactic centre. 'Galactic latitude' means, roughly, the
The Pays de Caux () is an area in Normandy, France. It makes up the greater part of the French "département" of Seine Maritime in Normandy. It is a chalk plateau to the north of the Seine Estuary and extends to the cliffs on the English Channel coast. Its coastline is called the Côte d'Albâtre. In the east, it borders on the Pays de Bray where the layers of soil below the chalk show through. The area depends on manufacturing more than as agriculture. Even so, the soil quality of the Pays de Caux is the finest in France. It is also known for its fine fabrics. Cauchois is a dialect of the Norman language. The Pays de Caux is one of the last places outside the Cotentin Peninsula where the Norman language is spoken. Its main cities are Le Havre, Dieppe, Fécamp, Yvetot and Étretat. In the Norman language "caux" means lime, calcium carbonate. Artistic connections. The scenery of the Pays de Caux is only a short distance from Paris. Artists including Claude Monet and Gustave Courbet came there to paint.
Israel National Trail (, "Shvil Yisra'el") is a hiking trail for hikers and backpackers that crosses the whole of Israel, from Kibbutz Dan in the far north of Israel to Eilat at the southernmost tip of Israel on the Red Sea, with a total length of . The trail was opened in 1995. The trail is marked with three stripes (white, blue, and orange), and takes an average of 45–60 days to complete. The best hiking seasons are either from mid-February to mid-May or from September to December. The summer months (mid-May to the end of August) are considered too hot. Winter is less popular due to rain, low temperatures and, in the southern sections of the trail, potential flash floods.
Bocage [boh-kahzh] is a Norman word which has found its way into both the French and English languages. It may refer to a small forest or a that includes leaves. But most often it refers to pastures bordered by thick forest or hedges. The trees and hedges around the pastures or fields are planted in earth . Between the planted mounds are sunken lanes. The word bocage forms part of the name for several towns in parts of Lower Normandy. The term Bocage Normandy refers to the area around Saint-Lô and Vire. During World War II following the Allied Invasion of Normandy, the allies found themselves in 'hedgerow country' (bocage). It was ideal for German troops to hide in and not be seen until it was too late. The hedgerows were thick enough to hide tanks and artillery pieces. The final Allied of the bocage into open country took over eight weeks of fighting.
The International Academy of Architecture is a non-profit organization. It has special status in the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The Academy is located in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Kitturu Rani Chennamma (; born 14 November Kittur, Karnataka – died 21 February 1829) was the Queen of the princely state of Kittur, in what is now India. She was best known for leading an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824. This was 33 years before the 1857 war of independence. The British were going to take control of Kittur under the doctrine of lapse, because there was no male heir. Yaseen the resistance ended with her martyrdom and she is remembered today as one of the earliest Indian rulers to have fought for independence. Along with Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma and Onake Obavva she is much venerated in Karnataka as an icon of bravery and women’s pride.
Surface-mount technology (SMT) uses electronic devices that are made to be placed directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Examples of surface-mount devices are resistors, capacitors, LEDs and integrated circuits. Surface mounted devices are generally smaller than those used in the older through-hole technology, which need longer leads and holes in the circuit board.
Reichman University is a private university in Herzliya, Israel.  Until the year 2020, it was known as "Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center".
University of Buenos Aires (, UBA) is an Argentine public national university based in the city of Buenos Aires.  It was founded on August 12, 1821 by the governor of the province of Buenos Aires, Martín Rodríguez, and his government minister, Bernardino Rivadavia. The UBA is the largest university in Argentina and is considered to be one of the most prestigious study centers in America and the world. According to the bases of its university statute, "it is a public law entity whose aims are: the promotion, dissemination and preservation of culture [...] being in direct and permanent contact with universal thought and paying particular attention to the Argentine problems"
Through-hole technology is a way to mount electronic components to printed circuit boards (PCB). It involves the use of leads on the components that are inserted into holes drilled in the PCBs and soldered to pads on the opposite side either by manual assembly (handiwork) or by the use of automated insertion mount machines. Many parts made for through hole mounting are larger than those for surface-mount technology.
Electronic filters are electrical circuits which perform signal processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones, or both. Electronic filters can be: The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. Digital filters use a Fourier transform.
Ayalon Highway (, pronounced: "Netivei Ayalon", lit. "Ayalon Routes") is a highway system in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. The main road goes through Tel Aviv and is called Highway 20. The road starts in HaMa'apilim Interchange near the cities Kfar Shmaryahu, Herzliya, Ramat HaSharon. It ends at Holot Interchange in Gan Sorek. It goes through the cities of Bat Yam, Holon and Rishon LeZion. It meets Highway 4. A railway line runs along the road with a major train station inside the gates road. In central Tel Aviv, the road passes a canal of the Ayalon River.
Benedicta Boccoli (born in Milan, 11 November 1966) is an Italian actress. She performs mostly on stage. She starred also in movies including "Gli angeli di Borsellino" (2003), "Valzer" (2007) and "Pietralata" (2008). Her sister is actress Brigitta Boccoli. She has also two brothersː Barnaby, television producer, and Filippo.
Rona Anderson (3 August 1926 – 23 July 2013) was a Scottish actress. She was known for her roles in "Whose Life Is It Anyway?", "Sleeping Car to Trieste", "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie", and "Floodtide". Anderson was born on 3 August 1926 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was raised in Ottawa, Canada. Anderson was married to Gordon Jackson from 1951 until his death in 1990. They had two sons, Roddy and Graham. Anderson died on 23 July 2013 in Edinburgh, Scotland from natural causes, aged 86.
Henryk Baranowski (9 February 1943 – 27 July 2013) was a Polish theatre director and actor. He starred in two episodes of "The Decalogue" series directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski. Baranowski was born on 9 February 1943 in Tarnopol, Poland (now Ternopil, Ukraine). He studied at the University of Warsaw. His career began in 1969. He retired in 2006. Baranowski died on 27 July 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from an illness, aged 70.
The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star was the first fighter jet of the United States Army Air Force. It made a few flyovers of Germany in the last weeks of World War II. From 1948 its designation was changed to F-80 Shooting Star. Early in the Korean War the MiG-15 was shown to be much better and the F-86 replaced it. The United States Air Force was the main operator, but Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay also used it. This aircraft was the basis of the famous training aircraft T-33 T-Bird and the F-94 Starfire fighter jet.
Caroline Aigle (12 September 1974 – 21 August 2007) was a French fighter jet pilot. She was born in Montauban. She was the first in France trained to fly a Mirage 2000. She died of a withering melanoma. She was mother of two boys. President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy awarded her the Medal of Aeronautics by posthumous recognition.  A few weeks before her death, she was selected by the European Space Agency for training to be an astronaut. Caroline Aigle graduates "École Polytechnique" and "École de l'Air".
Huun-Huur-Tu (Tuvan: "Хүн Хүртү", "Khün Khürtü") is a music group from Tuva, a Russian Federation republic on the Mongolian border.  Huun Huur Tu performs throat singing, in which the singers sing more than one note at a time. One of the notes sometimes sounds like a flute, whistle or bird, but is actually a person's voice.  The group mostly uses native Tuvan instruments such as the "igil", "khomus" (Tuvan jaw harp), "doshpuluur", and "dünggür" (shaman drum). However, in recent years, the group has started using western instruments, such as the guitar. Huun Huur Tu's music is mostly Tuvan folk music, but they also experiment with Western instruments and electronic music.
Guillermo Álvarez Guedes (1928 – July 30, 2013) was a Cuban businessman, writer and comedian.  Guedes was born in Unión de Reyes, Matanzas, Cuba in 1928. He was exiled to Miami, Florida.  Guedes wrote over 20 books. He also had albums, television programs and stand-up comedy appearances. This made him one of the most well-liked entertainers, among both the Hispanic public and fellow entertainers. On July 30, 2013, Guedes died at his home in the Kendall neighborhood of Miami from a stomach illness.
Kim Novak (born February 13, 1933) is an American actress. She was known for her roles in "Vertigo" (1958), "Middle of the Night" (1959), "The Notorious Landlady" (1962), "Of Human Bondage" (1964), and in "Liebestraum" (1991). Novak was born on February 13, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois to parents of Czech descent. She studied at David Glasgow Farragut High School and at School of the Art Institute of Chicago.  Novak was married to Richard Johnson from 1965 until they divorced in 1966. Then she was married to Robert Malloy since 1976. They now live in Eagle Point, Oregon. Novak was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2010. She had treatment and has recovered.
A central bank (or reserve bank) manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates. It may have custody of the country's sovereign wealth fund. Central banks usually oversee the commercial banks of their country. It issues the national currency, the nation's money. It controls the overall supply of money. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank can increase or decrease the amount of money in the nation. The oldest central bank is the Bank of England. The largest banks are now the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Federal Reserve of the United States. Central banks usually also have supervisory powers. These powers are meant to prevent bank runs, and to stop commercial banks and other financial institutions doing reckless or fraudulent things. The relation between central banks and governments varies from country to country. The chief executive of a central bank is normally known as the Governor, President or Chairman.
The lateral line is a system of sense organs found in fish, and not in land vertebrates. It detects movement and vibration in the surrounding water. Modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, respond to changes around the fish. These turn the changes into electrical impulses which go to their central nervous system.  Lateral lines are used in schooling, predation, and orientation. For example, fish use their lateral line system to follow the vortices produced by fleeing prey. They are faint lines running lengthwise down each side, from the gill covers to the base of the tail.  In some species, the receptive organs of the lateral line have been modified to function as electroreceptors, which are organs used to detect electrical impulses. Most amphibian larvae and some fully aquatic adult amphibians have systems which work a bit like the lateral line.
A spherical coordinate system uses three numbers to identify a point in space.: Usually, two angles, and a distance from the origin of the coordinate system. If the point lies on the sphere, only the two angles are needed, because the distance from the origin is known. The two angular numbers are related to lines of longitude and latitude on Earth. Earth's longitude is the same as the variable phi, which can be written as either formula_1 or formula_2 The latitude resembles the variable formula_3 (theta), except that some authors define formula_4 to be at the north pole instead of at the equator.