ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Camelops is an extinct genus of camel which lived in North America during the Pleistocene. from two million years ago to about 10,000 years ago. They were prey for the wolves, bears, lions and "Smilodon". "Camelops" disappeared at the end of the last ice age, as did many other animals. Changes in their environment. Evidence of its environment comes from Natural Trap Cave in Wyoming, and from Rancho La Brea in the modern Los Angeles area. These studies suggest that it was not, like modern camels, adapted to desert conditions. It lived in woodland and grasslands with mixed vegetation. Before the climate change at about 11,000 years ago it lived in "conifer parklands" on the Montana-Wyoming border, and in "coastal shrublands" in California. After the climate change, what had been woodland became "deserts and treeless steppes of the sort so extensive in the present western U.S.A". Even the type of grass which grew there changed. Evidently, for this animal, the climate change was very significant. Also, the arrival of man as a hunter may have made the situation worse. A few Clovis points have been found in the cave site.
The steppe bison, or steppe wisent ("Bison priscus"), is an extinct bison. It lived on steppes in Europe, Central Asia, Beringia, and North America during the Quaternary. It is believed that it evolved somewhere in South Asia, That would mean it appeared at about the same time and region as the aurochs, with which its descendants are sometimes confused. The steppe wisent became extinct in the Pleistocene. It was replaced in Europe by the modern wisent species. It was replaced in America by "Bison latifrons", then later "Bison antiquus"), and finally the modern American bison. Steppe wisent occasionally appear in cave painting. They are in the famous Cave of Altamira and Lascaux. They have also been found in naturally ice-preserved form.
Perfume Genius is the stage name for Mike Hadreas. Hadreas released his first album "Learning" in 2010. "Pitchfork" gave it a score of 8.2 out of 10. In 2012 he released his second album, "Put Your Back N 2 It". Personal life. Hadreas is gay. He lives in Seattle.
"If You Asked Me To" is a popular single first performed by Patti LaBelle. The song was from the "Licence to Kill" movie soundtrack. It was also on LaBelle's album "Be Yourself". The song was released in 1989. It hit top ten on the Hot R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Three years later, it hit #4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. That version was done by Celine Dion in April 1992. Her version hit in America and Canada.
Skin Diamond (real name: Raylin Christensen; February 18, 1987) is the an award winning American pornographic actress and nude model.  Early life. Diamond was born in Ventura, California, and raised in Dunfermline, Scotland, where her parents moved as missionaries. She is of Ethiopian, Danish, Czech, Yugoslav, and German descent. Her father is American actor Rodd Christensen. She appeared in the TV series "Balamory" as a child, alongside her only sister, Heather. Career. Diamond started her career as a mainstream model and posed, among others, for Louis Vuitton, American Apparel and Atsuko Kudo. She made her pornographic debut in a 2009 Burning Angel film. In that film, she was originally only supposed to perform a girl/girl scene, but, in the end, she shot two boy/girl scenes. Appearances. In 2012, Diamond posed for comic book artist David Mack, who portrayed her as Echo in the Marvel Comics miniseries "". In 2013 she posed for photographer Terry Richardson. In 2014, Diamond was on CNBC's list of "The Dirty Dozen: Porn's Most Popular Stars". Diamond was also cast (with Jenna Haze) in an acting role in the music video for hip-hop artist B.o.B for his song "John Doe" which features Priscilla Renea. The single is from B.o.B's third album, "Underground Luxury". She also appeared in the music video for Cheerleader by Omni in 2012. Personal life. Diamond has several tattoos, including a Phoenix on her back, which she got to cover an accidental burn. She also has piercings in her navel, right nostril, and both nipples. She is also well known for her distinctive shaved-on-one-side haircut; because of this, she has been featured in the column "Beauty Showdown" in the magazine "Cosmopolitan".
Lawrence Edward Walsh (January 8, 1912 – March 19, 2014) was an American lawyer and former U.S. District Court judge and Deputy Attorney General. Walsh grew up in New York City. He was appointed Independent Counsel in December 1986 to investigate the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan Administration. Walsh died from natural causes at the age of 102 at his Nichols Hills, Oklahoma home.
Patrick Joseph McGovern, Jr. (August 11, 1937 – March 19, 2014) was an American businessman. He was known for being chairman and founder of International Data Group (IDG). He was listed on the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans in September, 2013 as having a net worth of $5.1 billion. McGovern died on March 19, 2014, aged 76.
Ronald Selmour is a Canadian actor. He is well known for his role as Firecracker Man in ABC's "Kingdom Hospital", Sundown in the Discovery Channel's TV miniseries "Klondike" and The Butcher in the CW's "Arrow". Selmour has been involved in the performing Arts from the early years of his life. Though Profoundly religious, his father was very involved with local theatres taking him to see presentations throughout Port-au-Prince, Haiti. In the early 1980s the family made the difficult decision to let him go to Canada, stayed with his aunt while pursuing his studies. In Montreal, Quebec, there he made the acquaintance of several instrumental people in his life, teachers, professors and a mentor name Solly Levy who introduced him to the Comedia dell'arte. Ever since then, the love for the craft became the guiding light in his life.
Alfredo Félix Alcón (; 3 March 1930 – 11 April 2014) was an Argentine theatre and movie actor. Alcón born in Buenos Aires. Widely considered one of the best, one of the most important and most acclaimed Argentine actors.  He worked in more than 50 movies. His first movie was, "El amor nunca muere" ("Love Never Dies"), in 1955. He died in Buenos Aires at the age of 84 from a respiratory illness.
James Ridout Winchester (May 17, 1944 – April 11, 2014) known as Jesse Winchester, was an American musician and songwriter. He was known for being a Vietnam War activist. To avoid going to the war, he moved to Canada. He became a Canadian citizen in 1973, gained amnesty in the U.S. in 1977 and resettled there in the U.S. in 2002. He recorded many songs with many musical artists. Some of them included Patti Page, Elvis Costello, Jimmy Buffett, Joan Baez, Anne Murray, Reba McEntire, The Everly Brothers and Emmylou Harris. Winchester died at his home in Charlottesville, Virginia from bladder cancer, aged 69.
Sadanand Atmaram "Nandu" Bhende (; c. 1956 – 11 April 2014) was an Indian musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He was best known for being a member of bands such as Nandu Bhende Band, Savage Encounter, The Brief Encounter and Velvette Fogg. He performed mostly under blues, pop, rock, and soul music genres. Bhende died from a heart attack on 11 April 2014 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka (4 November 1936 – 28 March 2021) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002. He was in exile from 2009 to 2011. Ratsiraka died on 28 March 2021 in Antananarivo, Madagascar from cardiac arrest caused by the influenza at the age of 84.
Albert Zafy (1 May 1927 – 13 October 2017) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996. Zafy died on 13 October 2017 at a hospital in Saint-Pierre, Réunion in France of a stroke at the age of 90.
Riina Gerretz (8 July 1939 – 22 March 2014) was an Estonian pianist. She was best known for performing with artists such as Georg Ots, Tiit Kuusik, Hendrik Krumm, Ivo Kuusk, Anu Kaal, Margarita Voites, Jüri Gerretz, Ivo Juul, Yolanda Hernandez, Artur Rinne, Hannes Altrov, Pille Lill and Heidy Tamme. She worked mostly in her native Estonia as well as Finland. During her life, she had the surnames Põder (1939–1958), Villum (1958–1961), Mikiver (1969–1971), Viljanen 1983–2002, Gerretz (until 2014). Gerretz died after a long illness on 22 March 2014 in Tallinn. She was 74 years old.
Gabriel Ramanantsoa (13 April 1906 Antananarivo - 9 May 1979 Paris) was an Malagasy politician. He was the President and Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1972 to 1975. He died in Paris from a heart attack, aged 73.
Jerry Esther Tarkanian (August 8, 1930–February 11, 2015), also known as "Tark the Shark", was an American college basketball coach. Tarkanian was one of the most successful coaches in college basketball history, most notably at UNLV. He was a coach for the San Antonio Spurs from 1992 to 1993. Tarkanian was born in Euclid, Ohio. On February 11, 2015, Tarkanian died at the age of 84 in Las Vegas, where he had been hospitalized days earlier after "difficulty breathing", aged 84.
Percy Lavon Julian (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an American research chemist and a well known scientist in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. His works would lead to the invention of birth control pills. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama. Julian died in Waukegan, Illinois from liver cancer, aged 76.
The Ill is a river in France. It flows through the plain of Alsace. It is an important left tributary of the Rhine river. It is the main river of Alsace. It flows through the Haut-Rhin and the Bas-Rhin departments in the Grand Est region. Geography. The Ill river is long. Its drainage basin has an area of . Course. The Ill starts in the northern side of the Glaserberg mountain, in the Jura Mountains near the Swiss border, in the "commune" of Winkel, (Haut-Rhin department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Ill flows first to the east to Ferrette and to Illfurth where it is joined by the "Largue" river, the main right tributary of the Ill. From Illfurth, the Ill runs northward through Alsace, flowing parallel to the Rhine river.  The Ill river flows within the Grand Est region, 2 departments and 70 "communes". It flows through the following "communes", among others: Five "communes" in the Alsace have their names from the riverː Finally, the Ill river flows into the Rhine river in the "commune" of Offendorf, just to the north of Strasbourg. Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Ill river are all left tributaries; the right tributaries are very short streams. Only the Largue starts in the Jura Mountains; the rest have their sources in the Vosgues mountains, to the east. Hydrology. Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Strasbourg in the Bas-Rhin department, for the period 1974 - 2017.
Richard Philip Lewis (June 29, 1947 – February 27, 2024) was an American comedian and actor. He was known for his roles as Marty Gold in "Anything But Love" and as himself in "Curb Your Enthusiasm". Lewis was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised in Englewood, New Jersey. Lewis is Jewish. In April 2023, Lewis revealed he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died of a heart attack on February 27, 2024 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 76.
WWE Payback is a series of professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming shows made by WWE. The concept of the event is the wrestlers looking for payback against their opponents. The first event happened on June 16, 2013 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois and took over the slot of No Way Out. Payback then took place yearly until 2017, with that year's event being exclusive to the Raw brand. It then no longer was a yearly show, but the name was used for two events in 2020 and 2023.
Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko (Russian language: Влади́мир Анто́нович Ива́шко 28 October 1932 – 13 November 1994) was a Ukrainian politician. He was the leader of the Soviet Union for a short time. He became the leader in 1991. He ruled for five days until his political party was declared politically impotent and on 29 August 1991 when the party was banned. Ivashko died from an "undisclosed long-illness" in Moscow, aged 62. Ukk
Pietro Ingrao (March 30, 1915 – September 27, 2015) was an Italian politician, journalist and former partisan. He had been, for many years, a senior figure in the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from June 5, 1976 to July 19, 1979. Ingrao was born in Lenola, Italy. He died on September 27, 2015 at the age of 100 in Rome.
Pairi Daiza (before Paradisio) is a private-owned property that has 55 hectares. It is a zoo and a botanical garden open to the public in Hainaut, Belgium. It has more than 55 acres. In this zoo there are approximately 5,000 animals. Pairi Daiza is owned by Pairi Daiza Belgium SA. The parks has many different animal species. It also has many different activities and attractions for children.
Paradisio was a Belgian eurodance group formed in 1994. They released two albums under the now-defunct Border Breakers sublabel of Nippon Crown: the first was the eponymous Paradisio, released in 1997 after its debut single "Bailando" became an international hit in the summer of 1996 and 1997; the second album is titled Tarpeia, also released in 1997. They disbanded briefly from 1998 to 1999, and again in 2003, but reunited in 2009, and in 2011 they recorded and released another album, titled Noche Caliente. It is not to be confused with: Pairi Daiza.
Clovis points are the characteristic spear-heads used by the North American Clovis culture. They date from about 13,500 years ago. They are called after the city of Clovis, New Mexico, where examples were first found in 1929. To the right is a typical Clovis point. The length is 4–20 cm/1.5–8 inches, width: 2.5–5 cm/1–2 inches. The sides are parallel to convex, and show careful pressure flaking along the blade edge. The back end of the blade and base are shaped for hafting (attaching) to a wooden spear or knife-handle.
The Kingdom of Sardinia was a monarchy that ruled the Italian island of Sardinia. It was established in 1324. It was given to the House of Habsburg. They were eventually forced to give it to the House of Savoy. Since the House of Savoy also ruled Piedmont, the Kingdom was sometimes referred to as Sardinia-Piedmont. The Savoy family ruled from 1720 till 1861 when Italy officially united itself. Under the Savoy family, the capital of the state was Turin. The territory also included the city and surrounding land of Genoa. In Italian it was known as the "Regno di Sardegna". The kingdom was originally made up of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. Sovereignty over both of those was claimed by the Popes. While under Spanish rule, the state was ruled by viceroys.
Brita Koivunen-Einiö (31 August 1931 – 12 April 2014) was a Finnish jazz and schlager singer. Some of her most famous songs include "Suklaasydän", "Sävel rakkauden" and "Mamma, tuo mies minua tuijottaa" all from the 1950s. She was born in Helsinki. Koivunen died on 12 April 2014 in Helsinki, aged 82.
Norman P. Girvan (1941 – 9 April 2014) was a Jamaican economist, educator, and politician. He was Secretary General of the Association of Caribbean States from 2000 until 2004. He was born in Saint Andrew Parish, Surrey County. Girvan suffered a fall in Dominica sometime in early 2014. He died on 9 April 2014 in Cuba, aged 72.
Michael Christopher Sheen (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor. He was first known as a stage actor and appeared in plays such as "Romeo and Juliet" (1992), "Don’t Fool With Love" (1993), "Peer Gynt" (1994), "The Seagull" (1995), "The Homecoming" (1997) and "Henry V" (1997). He soon became a screen actor and had many roles in movies such as "The American President" (1995), "The Deal" (2003), "The Queen" (2006), "Frost/Nixon" (2008), ' (2009), "The Damned United" (2009), "Unthinkable" (2010), "Alice in Wonderland" (2010), ' (2010), "Beautiful Boy" (2010), "The Special Relationship" (2010) and "" (2012). Sheen was born in Newport. He was in a relationship with English actress Kate Beckinsale from 1995 until 2003. They have a daughter, Lily Mo Sheen (born 1999). In mid-2019 Sheen announced that he and his partner, Anna Lundberg, were expecting their first child together. The couple's daughter Lyra was born in 2019.
Apple Jacks is a type of breakfast cereal made by the cereal maker Kellogg's. It has the flavor of apples and cinnamon. The cereal was invented by William Thilly and was introduced in 1965 as "Apple O's". Kellogg's Apple Jacks introduced "Cinnamon Jacks", a multi-grain cinnamon flavored cereal in 2013. Advertising. The first Apple Jacks mascot in the 1960s was "Apple Guy", a figure made from cutting a face onto an apple and applying a hat and pieces of cereal for eyes.  In the late 60s the box related an "Apple Car" with pieces of cereal for wheels. This campaign retired around 6 years later in 1971.
The Tumbes River ( or Río Túmbez in Peru; Río Puyango in Ecuador), is a river in South America. The river's sources are located between Ecuadorian El Oro and Loja provinces. It borders Ecuador and Peru. The city of Tumbes is located along the river.
The Pinwheel galaxy (Messier 101, M101 or NGC 5457) is a face-on unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The galaxy is 21 million light-years (six megaparsecs) away from us. It was first discovered by Pierre Méchain on March 27 1781. Charles Messier verified its position and included it in the "Messier Catalogue" as one of the last entries. In 2006, NASA and the ESA released a very detailed image of the Pinwheel Galaxy, which was the largest and most detailed image of a galaxy by the Hubble Space Telescope at the time. The image was composed from 51 individual exposures, plus some extra ground-based photos. Interesting features. On August 24 2011, a Type Ia supernova, SN 2011fe, was discovered in M101. A remarkable property of this galaxy are its huge and extremely bright H II regions, of which about 3,000 can be seen on photographs like the Hubble image. H II regions have numbers of short-lived young and massive blue stars formed from clouds of high density molecular hydrogen. These regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light that ionizes the surrounding gas.  The galaxy contains ULX-1 (an ultra-luminous X-ray source), which is a relatively small black hole, just 20 to 30 times the mass of our Sun.
Sir Michael Louis David Fabricant (born 12 June 1950) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Mid Staffordshire from 1992 to 1997. He has been the MP for Lichfield since 1997.  Early life. Fabricant was born in Brighton into a Jewish family. He went to Brighton Secondary Technical School.
Bitterns are waterbirds, living mostly in freshwater sites. They are a type of heron, wading birds in the family Ardeidae. They are shorter-necked, and more secretive than other herons. Most of them have good camouflage amongst the reeds where they make their nests. Bitterns form a monophyletic subfamily of the herons, the Botaurinae. Bitterns usually frequent reedbeds and similar marshy areas, and feed on amphibians, reptiles, insects, and fish. Unlike the similar storks, ibises, and spoonbills, herons and bitterns fly with their necks retracted, not outstretched. They were called "hæferblæte" in Old English; the word "bittern" came to English from Old French. Bitterns are in three genera. The genus "Ixobrychus" contains mainly small species. The genus "Botaurus" has the larger bitterns. There is a single species in a third genus, "Zebrilus". The distribution of bitterns is pretty much worldwide.
Peter Liechti (8 January 1951 – 6 April 2014) was a Swiss movie director. He directed over 100 Swiss-German movies. He was nominated for many awards.  Most of his movies were shown at the Berlin International Film Festival (BIFF). Recently, he was awarded an honorary awards at the BIFF in 2013. He was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Liechti died on 6 April 2014, aged 63.
Hockey Night in Canada is a branding that is used for presentations of the National Hockey League (NHL) by CBC Sports. It started in 1931 on the CNR Radio network. It debuted on television on October 11, 1952. It has different segments during intermissions and between games including Don Cherry's "Coach's Corner".  On November 26, 2013, it was announced by the NHL that they had reached a 12-year, $5.2 billion deal with Rogers Communications for exclusive television and digital rights to all their national NHL broadcasts starting at the beginning of the 2014-15 season.
Behavioral economics is a part of economics that combines what we know about psychology with what we know about economics. Normally, economics does not consider the way humans actually think, but instead, simplifies decision-making to make economic models easier to understand. This is not a complete picture of how the world, and economics, really works. Normally, economists assume people are rational, meaning they make good decisions at the right times using all information. In real life, people do not do this. They have problems with self-control, problems with time, and make different choices depending on how decisions are presented to them. Behavioral economists look at the world given problems and limitations that result when real humans are faced with decisions. History. The study of behavioral economics really began to develop in the middle and towards the end of the 20th century. Psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman wrote a paper called “Prospect Theory,” which was about how the way choices are presented to somebody is just as important as the choices themselves when an individual is making a decision. Later, Hersh Shefrin and Richard Thaler created a savings model which explains how people do not figure out how much to save and spend to stay at a constant level. People would rather spend more now, because humans prefer gratification in the near future. By 1994, Harvard University hired a professor to teach behavioral economics as its own subject. Now, behavioral economics helps explain many complex things that people do. There are many applications of the research, such as how to make public policy more effective or marketing and advertising applications. Also, there are other areas of study branching off from behavioral economics, like behavioral finance, which deals with how people make investments. Topics. Behavioral economics can explain many different kinds of human actions. Some of the topics within the field are: Loss aversion/Prospect Theory: People are made more upset by losses than they are made happy by gains of the same amount. This is important for how people think about taking risks. Related is the disposition effect, which is closely related to behavioral finance. The disposition effect is the tendency for investors to hold onto losing stocks too long, and sell winning ones too soon. This concept relates to
Tropical Storm Thelma was a 1991 tropical storm. Its winds were near 45-50 mph. It killed between 5,000 and 8,000 people in the Philippines. It hit Negros Occidental, Leyte Island, and Vietnam. The storm caused also about $28 million in damage. After this, the name "Thelma" was not used for tropical storms. It was replaced by "Teresa".
Jozef P. A. "Jos" Chabert (16 March 1933 – 9 April 2014) was a Belgian politician for Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (Christian Democratic and Flemish; CD&amp;V). He was a Minister of State from 24 November 2009 until his death. Before this, he was a member of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. He was born in Etterbeek, Brussels-Capital Region. From 1965 to 1976 he was an alderman of Meise. Chabert died on 9 April 2014 in Brussels, aged 81.