ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
...And Justice For All is Metallica's fourth album and was released on September 7, 1988. It was Metallica's first album since the death of Cliff Burton, who was replaced by Jason Newsted as their bass player. It shall be said though, that they recorded and released The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which only include five songs covered by Metallica, but it is often not counted as a Metallica album, as it only contain five cover songs. Track listing. All songs written by James Hetfield, Lars Ulrich, and Kirk Hammett except where noted.
The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի), also called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the Gregorian Church, is the world's oldest national church and one of the most ancient Christian communities. History. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion under the rule of King Tiridates in the early 4th century. The church claims to have originated in the missions of Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus in the 1st century, by tradition. The Church teaches that it was first preached by two Apostles of Jesus, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew. The Armenian Apostolic Church claims to been in existence since the days of the apostles and therefore would be one of the oldest denominations of Christianity. Armenia was the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion, when St. Gregory the Illuminator converted Tiridates III (the King of Armenia) and members of his court, traditionally dated to 301 (after Mikayel Chamchian 1784). The Church teaches that St. Gregory was imprisoned by Tiridates in an underground pit, called Khor Virab, for 13 years, after which he healed the King of an incurable disease, whereupon Tiridates accepted Christianity.
The term national church is usually a reference to a church organization in Christianity that claims pastoral jurisdiction over a nation. The term should not be confused with established church (state church): a national church differs from a state church such that a national church does not necessarily need to be officially endorsed by the state, and even may be persecuted by the government (as Orthodox churches were persecuted under communist regimes). A state religion is similar to a national or state church, except the religion need not be Christian. The term national church (or "independent church") is used a lot within, but is not shortened to, the Anglican Communion and Orthodox Christianity. For example, the Episcopal Church in the United States of America considers itself to be the national church of the United States. In Catholicism, the term national church might mean to a parish catering to immigrants from another nation.
FC Zvartnots is an Armenian football club from Yerevan.  The club made their first notable result in the 1998 Armenian First League, where they became the league's champions and win promotion to the Armenian Premier League. For a few years Zvartnots would become one of the main contenders in the Premier League. In their first Premier League season they reached the fourth spot, while in 2001 they became second after FC Pyunik. In the 2003 season they would still be among the Premier League clubs, however they withdrew before the season and did not return in professional football since.
The Armenian Fastex Premier League is the top football competition in Armenia.  History. It was founded by the Football Federation of Armenia in 1992. From 1936 to 1991, the games were held as a regional tournament within the USSR. For the first three years the season ran from spring to fall, but since the 1995-1996 season, has run from summer to spring. The league currently consists of six teams, and the worst teams relegates to the Armenian First League. Over the years, the league has shrunk from a league consisting of only eight teams to six teams.
Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born June 7, 1952) is a famous Nobel Prize-winning Turkish author. Pamuk is a post-modernist writer. He has won many writing awards around the world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on October 12 2006, which made him the first Turkish person to win the Nobel Prize. In 2005, he faced criminal charges because of comments he made in an interview. In the interview, Pamuk said about Armenian Genocide, "Thirty thousand Kurds, and a million Armenians were killed in these lands and nobody dares to talk about it." Pamuk faced a hate campaign and he had to flee the country. The charges were dropped in early 2006 under an influence of international movement of Amnesty International and European Parliament.
Lake Van (, ) is the largest lake in Turkey, in the far east of the country. Akdamar Island is in this lake. Although Lake Van is at altitude with harsh winters, it does not freeze because it is very salty, except occasionally the shallow northern section. History. The lake was the center of the Urartian kingdom from about 1000 BC, and the capital of Urartu, Tushpa, was on the shore of Lake Van (on the site of the medieval castle of Van, west of Van city). Later the land around the lake was ruled by Armenians. Along with Lake Sevan in today's Armenia and Lake Urmia in today's Iran, Van was one of the three great lakes of the Armenian Kingdom, referred to as "the seas of Armenia".
The Kurdish language is an Indo-European language spoken by the Kurds in an area called Kurdistan, including parts of the countries Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Kurdish has two main dialects and many subs dialects. The two main ones are Kurmanji and Sorani. Kurdish belongs to the same language group as the Iranian languages. Another well-known Iranian language is Persian. They are considered Indo-European languages.
In Botany, an annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed. Some seedless plants can also be considered annuals even though they do not flower. In gardening, annual often refers to a plant grown outdoors in the spring and summer and surviving just for one growing season.  Many food plants are, or are grown as, annuals, including most domesticated grains. Some perennials and biennials are grown in gardens as annuals for convenience, particularly if they are not considered cold hardy for the local climate. Carrot, celery and parsley are true biennials that are usually grown as annual crops for their edible roots, petioles and leaves, respectively. Tomato, sweet potato and bell pepper are tender perennials usually grown as annuals. Ornamental annuals are often called bedding plants. Annuals are often used in gardens to provide splashes of color, as they tend to have a longer season of bloom than hardy herbaceous perennials. Examples of true annuals include corn, lettuce, pea, cauliflower, watermelon, bean, zinnia and marigold. Summer annuals. Summer annuals sprout, flower and die within the same spring/summer/fall. The lawn weed, crabgrass, is a summer annual.
A pea, although treated as a vegetable in cooking, is botanically a fruit; the term is most commonly used to describe the small spherical seeds or the pods of the legume Pisum sativum. This was the original model organism used by Gregor Mendel in his early work on genetics. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae like the pigeon pea ("Cajanus cajan"), the chickpea, the cowpea ("Vigna unguiculata") and the seeds from several species of "Lathyrus". "P. sativum" is an annual plant. It is a cool season crop, planted in winter. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 grams. The species is as a fresh vegetable, but is also grown to produce dry peas like the split pea. These varieties are typically called field peas. "P. sativum" has been cultivated for thousands of years, the sites of cultivation have been described in southern Syria and southeastern Turkey, and some argue that the cultivation of peas with wheat and barley seems to be associated with the spread of Neolithic agriculture into Europe. Description. It is a cool-season vegetable crop. The seeds may be planted as soon as the soil temperature reaches 10 °C, with the plants growing best at temperatures of 13 °C to 18 °C. They do not thrive in the summer heat of warmer temperate and lowland tropical climates, but do grow well in cooler high altitude tropical areas. Peas grow best in slightly acid, well-drained soils. Seed dispersal. The seeds are dispersed when the pod reaches maturity and bursts open. It scatters the peas over as wide a distance as it is possible for the plant. Different varieties of peas. Several varieties of "P. sativum" have been bred. Widely cultivated examples include: Ways of eating peas. Fresh peas are often eaten boiled and flavored with butter and/or spearmint as a side dish vegetable. Salt is also commonly added to peas when served. Fresh peas are also used in pot pies, salads and casseroles. Pod peas (particularly sweet cultivars
A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots (vegetative structures); then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months. Usually, the stem remains very short and the leaves are low to the ground, forming a rosette. Many biennials require a cold treatment, before they will flower. The next spring/summer the stem of the biennial plant becomes much longer. The plant then flowers, produces fruits and seeds before it finally dies. There are far fewer biennials than either perennials or annuals. Under extreme climatic conditions, a biennial plant may complete its lifecycle in a very short period of time (e.g. 3 or 4 months instead of 2 years). This is quite common in vegetable or flower seedlings that were exposed to cold conditions, before they were planted in the ground. This behaviour leads to many normally biennial plants being treated as annuals in some areas. Flowering can be induced in some biennials by application of the plant hormone "gibberellin", but this is rarely done commercially. From a gardener's perspective, a plant's status as annual, biennial, or perennial often varies based on location or purpose. Biennials grown for flowers, fruits, or seeds need to be grown for two years. Biennials that are grown for edible leaves or roots are grown as annuals, e.g. beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, celery, parsley, and Swiss chard. If a normally biennial plant is grown in extremely harsh conditions, it is likely to be treated as an annual because it will not survive the winter cold. Conversely, an annual grown under extremely favourable conditions may have highly successful seed propagation, giving it the appearance of being biennial or perennial. Some short-lived perennials may appear to be biennial rather than perennial. True biennials flower only once, while many perennials will flower every year once mature. Examples of biennial plants are parsley, "Lunaria", silverbeet, sweet William, colic weed, and carrot. The
The Warner Bros. Television Network, commonly called The WB, was a television network in the United States. It was founded by the Warner Bros. film studio and Tribune Company on January 11, 1995. The network was sometimes called "The Frog" because the network's mascot was an animated frog named Michigan J. Frog. WB series. The WB created many well-known television series. Several of these series are "Dawson's Creek", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "Charmed", "Gilmore Girls", "Angel", "Smallville", "7th Heaven", and "Supernatural". The WB also had a group of programs aimed at children under the name Kids WB. Kids WB showed mainly animated series, for example, "Jackie Chan Adventures", "Taz-Mania", "Tiny Toon Adventures", "Animaniacs", "Pinky and the Brain" and "".
Port Louis is the capital city of the African country of Mauritius. The city is a port on the Indian Ocean. It is the largest city and main port of the country. Port Louis is located in the Port Louis District. The city has a population of 147,688 people. History. Port Louis was founded by the French around 1735. It was used as a place to supply food for their ships travelling around the Cape of Good Hope. The city was named in honour of King Louis XV. The first Governor was Count Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais. Monuments. Port Louis has many historic and colonial buildings. One of them is a fortification named Fort Adelaide or La Citadelle. It was built by the British in 1835. Most of the city's architecture can be seen from La Citadelle. Port Louis is surrounded by a mountain range, called the Port Louis Moka Range. Other famous spots are the Police Barracks known as Les Casernes and the Port Louis Waterfront. Other things to see in the city include the Caudan Waterfront, Port Louis Bazaar, the Mauritian Chinatown and the old Port Louis theatre. The capital has also three museums which are: the Mauritius Natural History Museum, the Blue Penny Museum and the Mauritius Stamp Museum. Economy. The main part of the economy of Port Louis is its port. The port handles all of the international trade for the country. Clothing and textiles are the major things manufactured in the city. Chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals are made there, and tourism is also important.  Port Louis is the second most important financial center in Africa after Johannesburg. It is the city with the highest per capita income in Africa. Demographics. The population of the city is now largely made up of the descendants of people who were hired for labor from India in the 19th century. Slaves were brought to the country by the British and French who colonized the island in the 18th century. After the end of slavery in 1835, many Indian and Chinese workers were brought to work the land, and take care of sugar cane, at that time used to make rum.  More than 75 percent of the population are Indians. The rest come from Africa, while a small number have Chinese and Eurasian ancestry.
Freetown is the capital city of the African country of Sierra Leone. With a population of 951,000 people, it is the largest city in that country. The city is a port on the Freetown Peninsula on the Atlantic coast. The port is a very important part of the economy of Freetown. It handles the main exports of the country. Industries include fish, rice, petroleum, and making cigarettes. History. The area was first settled in 1787 by 400 freed former slaves and Black American Loyalists sent from London. Many of these men had joined the British Army because the British promised to free them if they fought the American colonists. Before that time it was said to be a slave market. These people created the 'Province of Freetown' on land bought from local Temne leaders. After many of these original settlers died from disease, it was burnt by the local people in 1790. The Sierra Leone Company tried to settle the area again in 1792. They resettled Freetown with 1,100 former slaves and Loyalists from Nova Scotia. Many of these people were born in the colonial United States. They were led by former slave Thomas Peters. Around 500 free Jamaican Maroons joined them in 1800. The city survived being attacked by the French in 1794. In 1800 the people revolted but the British retook control. From 1808 to 1874, the city was the capital of British West Africa. The city grew quickly as many freed slaves came to live there. African soldiers who had fought for Britain in the Napoleonic Wars also came to live in Freetown. During World War II, Britain had a naval base at Freetown. Descendants of the freed slaves, called Creoles, have a large role in the city, even though they are only a small amount of the population. The city had much fighting in the late 1990s. In 1998, it was captured by ECOWAS soldiers who were trying to make Ahmad Tejan Kabbah the President again. Features. One of Freetown’s most most known features is its famous cotton
Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer and author who served as the first lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017 as the wife of Barack Obama, the 44th U.S. president. She is the first African-American first lady in U.S. history. As first lady, she was seen as a role model for women as she worked as an advocate for poverty awareness, education, nutrition, physical activity, and healthy eating. She supported American designers and was considered a fashion icon. Biography. Early life and education. Michelle LaVaughn Robinson was born on January 17, 1964, at Provident Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, Illinois, to Fraser Robinson III, a city water plant employee and Marian Shields Robinson. Her mother was a full-time homemaker until Robinson entered high school. By sixth grade, Robinson attended Mawr Elementary School. She attended Whitney Young High School, where she was on the honor roll for four years, took advanced placement classes, was a member of the National Honor Society and served as student council treasurer. She graduated in 1981. Career. Robinson enrolled into Princeton University in 1981. She majored in sociology and minored in African-American studies and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1985. While at Princeton, Robinson became involved with the Third World Center, an academic and cultural group who supported minority students. She ran their daycare center, which also offered after school tutoring for older children.  As part of her requirements for graduation, she wrote a sociology thesis, titled "Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community". Robinson pursued professional study, earning her Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1988. At Harvard, Robinson participated in demonstrations advocating the hiring of professors who were members of minority groups. She worked for the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau, assisting low-income tenants with housing cases. Post-law school career. Following law school, Obama became an associate at the Chicago office of the law firm Sidley &amp; Austin, where she worked on marketing and property law. In 1993, she became executive director for the Chicago office of
Fame – The Musical is a musical. Jose Fernandez wrote the book. Jacques Levy wrote the lyrics. Steve Margoshes wrote the music. The musical is based on "Fame", a 1980 movie. The musical premiered in 1980 in Miami, Florida. It opened on the West End in 1995. It played Off-Broadway between 2003 and 2004. The story tells of students in a high school for the performing arts.
The is the head of the government of Japan as well as the director and chief of the executive branch of the central government. The prime minister appoints the cabinet and wields the power to dismiss any cabinet minister. The current prime minister is Shigeru Ishiba since 1 October 2024.
was the 2nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Suizei to be a legendary person, and the name Suizei"-tennō" was created for him after his death by later generations. No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The "Gukanshō" records that Suizei ruled from the palace of "Takaoka-no-miya" at Katsuragi in what will come to be known as Yamato province. Traditional history. Suizei is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Suizei as the earliest or first of . The "Gukanshō" records that Suizei was one of the sons of Emperor Jimmu. During reign of Emperor Suizei, the capital of Japan was at Kazuraki, Yamato. Events of Suizei's life. The Kojiki includes a story about how Suizei attained the throne. His older brother supported Suizei because of his courage. The absence of information about Suizei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571). After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Suizei. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara.
was the 3rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Annei to be a legendary person, and the name Annei"-tennō" was created for him posthumously by later generations. No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The "Gukanshō" records that he ruled from the palace of "Ukena-no-miya" at Katashiro in Kawachi in what will come to be known as Yamato province. Traditional history. Annei is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Annei as the second of . The "Gukanshō" records that Annei was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei. During reign of Emperor Annei, the capital of Japan was at Katashiha, Kawachi. Events of Annei's life. The absence of information about Annei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571). The spirit ("kami") of Emperor Annei and the events of his life are enshrined at "Annei-tennō-sha" at Shirakashi in Yamato province. After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Annei. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara.
was the 4th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Itoku to be a legendary person, and the name Itoku"-tennō" was created for him posthumously by later generations. No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The "Gukanshō" records that he ruled from the palace of "Migario-no-miya" at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province. Traditional history. Itoku is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Itoku as the third of . The "Gukanshō" records that Itoku was the second or third son of Emperor Annei, but the surviving documents provide no basis for making guesses about why the elder brother or brothers were passed over. During reign of Emperor Itoku, the capital of Japan was at Karu, Yamato. Events of Itoku's life. The absence of information about Itoku does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571). After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Itoku. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara.