ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Professor Satyendra Nath Bose laid down the basics for the Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. The boson, a kind of particle of matter, is named in his honor. He was a member of the Royal Society and was awarded India's second highest civilian award (called the Padma Vibhushan) in 1954. Bose’s works helped statistical mechanics, the electromagnetic properties of the ionosphere, the theories of X-ray crystallography, and unified field theory. This work also led Einstein to work with him. Bose was interested in many subjects including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature and music. He worked on many research and development projects for India and England. He mostly spent his life in London.
Richard Dawson (20 November 1932 – 2 June 2012) was an English-American actor and television presenter.  Dawson was born Colin Lionel Emm in Gosport, Hampshire to an American father and English mother. Dawson married Diana Dors in 1959; they lived in California. The couple had two sons, entertainment manager Mark (born 1960) and Gary (born 1962). She left him and in 1967 the couple divorced. His second marriage lasted from 1991 until his death from esophageal cancer in Los Angeles, California. Dawson played a prisoner of war in "Hogan's Heroes" and hosted "Family Feud".
Chelsea Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames in west London. It connects Chelsea on the north bank to Battersea on the south bank. History. There have been two Chelsea Bridges, on the site of what was an ancient crossing. The first Chelsea Bridge was called Victoria Bridge. It opened in 1857. The old bridge was replaced by the current one in 1937. In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the route of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames.
Vitebsk Region, Vitsebsk Voblast, or Vitebsk Oblast is a region (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Vitebsk (Viciebsk). As of a 2009, the region had a population of 1,230,800. Important cities within the region include Vitebsk, Orsha, and Navapolatsk. The Vitsebsk Voblast is divided into 21 raions, 5 cities of oblast subordinance, 19 additional cities, 249 selsovets, and 26 urban-type settlements.
Vitebsk, also known as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in Belarus, near the border with Russia. It is the capital of the Vitebsk Oblast. In 2004 it had 342,381 people. This makes it the country's fourth largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk air base. The main universities of Vitebsk are Vitebsk State Technological University, Vitebsk State Medical University and Vitebsk State University named in honor of Pyotr Masherov. In 1919, Vitebsk was made a part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. Then it was transferred to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and later to the short-lived Litbel. In 1924, it was returned to Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. History. According to a legend, the city was founded by the Kyiv princess Olga in 974. The first mention of Vitebsk is dated 1021 AD, where it is said that Yaroslav the Wise handed over two cities ("Vosvyach and Vidbesk") to Prince Bryachislav Izyaslavych.  In 1165-1167, due to feudal strife, the Vitebsk principality gradually began to lose importance and fell under the rule of the Smolensk princes.
The Armed Forces of Belarus are the Ground Forces and the Belarusian Air Force. All are under the command of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus. Lieutenant general Yurij Viktorovich Zhadobin is the Minister of Defense since December 4, 2009. Being a landlocked country, Belarus has no navy. The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus is the government group that has the duties of raising and maintaining the Armed Forces of Belarus. The formation of the ministry began in 1992. This was a year after the end of the Soviet Union and Belarus becoming an independent state.
The is a Japanese river which flows through Tokyo. It crosses the north part of Tokyo and drains into Tokyo Bay. Sumida bridges. The Sumida runs through Tokyo for 27 kilometers. There are 26 bridges across the river, including
Brest Voblast (Province) or Brest Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Brest. Important cities in the voblast include: Baranovichi, Brest, and Pinsk. The region was formed in 1939 after Western Belarus rejoined the Byelorussian SSR. Today it has 16 districts (raions), 225 selsovets, 20 cities, 5 city municipalities, 9 urban-type settlements, and 2178 villages.
Brest is a city in Belarus. It is at the border with Poland opposite the city of Terespol, where the Bug River and Mukhavets rivers meet. It is the capital city of the Brest Region. There are two universities in Brest: A.S.Pushkin State University and Brest State Technical University. There are some newspapers in Brest: Brestskaya Gazeta, Brestskiy Kurier, Brestskiy Vestnik, Vecherniy Brest, Zarya. History. Brest is one of the oldest cities of the Galicia-Volyn principality. It was first mentioned in the Lawrence Chronicle in 1017 as a city of Derevlyany. The Novgorod first chronicle mentions this city in the year 1017 "Yaroslav goes to Brest". It is also mentioned in the Tale of Past Years around 1019: Sviatopolk, defeated by Yaroslav Volodymyrovych, fled to Poland via Brest.  As a border town, Brest was often attacked by Yatvyags, Poles, Lithuanians, and Teutonic Knights. The city was the center of the Brest land and one of the most important cities of Kievan Rus and the Galicia-Volyn principality.  In 1020 Brest was captured by the King of Poland Boleslaw the Brave, but in 1022 the city was recaptured by Jaroslav the Wise. In 1210 Brest was captured by Konrad Mazowiecki and Leszek Krakowski, but in 1213 the Russian army of Danylo Halytsky returned the city. In 1241 Brest was completely devastated by the Tatars. It was rebuilt by the Volyn princes. Princes Mstislav Danilovich and Yuri Lvovich competed for Brest.  In the 1320s, Brest was captured by the Lithuanian prince Gediminas. In the 1340s, Brest was ruled by the Lithuanian prince Keystut. In 1366, under the agreement of the Lithuanian
A rectifier is a device that can convert Alternating current (AC) to Direct current (DC). This is a process called rectification. Many rectifiers in the 20th century were made of metals like copper, iron, and silver. Nowadays most are semiconductors. "Half-wave rectifiers" only have one side of a waveform, while the "full-wave rectifiers" use both sides of a waveform. The left-hand side of the full-wave rectifier circuit consists of four diodes: a diode bridge. Half-wave current is a current that can only flow in alternate current, a full-wave current can flow both alternating current and direct current.  Diode bridge is electrical circuit that consists of four diodes. It acts as a full wave rectifier to convert alternating current to direct current.
Homiel Voblast, Homyel Oblast or Gomel Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. Its administrative center is Gomel. Important cities in the voblast include: Gomel, Mazyr, Zhlobin, Svetlahorsk, Rechytsia, Kalinkavichy, Rahachow, Dobrush Homiel Province and Mahilyow Voblast were hurt severely after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor catastrophe. The Gomel Province borders the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in places. Part of it is a mandatory or voluntary resettlement areas as a result of the radioactive contamination. The Homiel Voblast has 21 districts (raions), 278 selsovets, 17 cities, and 8 city municipalities.
Gomel (also Homiel, Homel) is the administrative center of Gomel Voblast. It is the second-largest city in Belarus. It has a population of 482,652 (2009 census). Gomel is in the southeastern part of the country, on the right bank of Sozh river. It is to the South-East from Minsk, to the East from Brest, to the South from Mogilev, to the West from Bryansk and to the North from Chernihiv. The city's area is 121 km2.
The Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II was an event to celebrate the reign of Queen Elizabeth II for 60 years since 1952. River pageant. A royal on the Thames was one of several events which marked the special anniversary. The Queen and members of her family were on board the "Spirit of Chartwell" royal barge. The barge was joined by a 1,000-boat parade down the river Thames.
Grodno/Hrodna Region is a voblast (province) in northwestern Belarus. The capital Grodno is the biggest city of the province. It is on the Neman River. Two castles from the 14th - 18th centuries are on the steep right bank of the Nemen. Many say this city is one of the most beautiful in Belarus. The Orthodox "St Boris &amp; St Gleb (Kalozhskaya) Church" dating back to the 12th century, is the second oldest in Belarus. The Mir Castle Complex, a 16th-century historical landmark as well as part of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha nature reserve, both UNESCO World Heritage sites are in this region. The Grodno Region is divided into 17 districts (raions), 194 selsovets, 12 cities, 6 city municipalities, and 21 urban-type settlements.
Mogilev Region, also Mahilyow Voblasts (Province) or Mogilyov Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Mogilyov (Mahilyow). Mogilev and Homyel Voblasts suffered severely after the Chernobyl nuclear radioactive reactor catastrophe in April 1986. Important cities in the voblast are: Mogilyov, Asipovichy, and Babruysk. Many rivers flow through the Mahilyow Voblast. They include the: Dnieper River (Dniapro), Berezina, Sozh, Druts, Pronya and Ptsich rivers. There are 21 districts (raions), 195 selsovets, 14 towns, 3 city municipalities, and 12 urban-type settlements.
Have I Got News for You is a British comedy television panel game shown on the BBC. It began on 28 September 1990. During each episode, two teams compete to win points by answering questions on recent news events. Each team has a captain and two celebrity guests. One captain is Ian Hislop, the other is Paul Merton. The host was Angus Deayton until he was sacked in October 2002. Since then, there have been many guest presenters. Series 61 ended in 2021. Guest appearance tallies. Many guests have appeared on the programme multiple times.
One More Night is a song performed by American pop rock group Maroon 5 from their fourth studio album "Overexposed." The single was released for digital download and contemporary radio on June 26, 2012. The song was written by frontman Adam Levine, producer Shellback, executive Max Martin and Savan Kotecha and was produced by Ryan Tedder. The song debuted live at Revel in Atlantic City, New Jersey on the evening of May 18, 2012 and was viraly uploaded by several other people on YouTube the next day. The pop-reggae fused song was announced on May 22nd on the band's official site that it would serve as the second single for their fourth album.  Development. The song was recorded live in Los Angeles, California earlier in 2012. The band said in an interview with Rolling Stone that it the band's first attempt at trying a reggae song and fusing it with a simple pop melody. Release. The song was released on the same day as their fourth studio album "Overexposed" on June 26, 2012.
Terrell is a city in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. It is a southeastern suburb of Dallas. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 17,465. Terrell is east of Dallas. Terrell is the home of the Terrell State Hospital, a psychiatric inpatient hospital with 316 beds operated under the direction of the Texas Department of State Health Services. Jamie Foxx, an actor, grew up in Terrell and graduated in 1986 from Terrell High School, along with Cynthea Rhodes, a member of the USA Track &amp; Field team in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Joe Doucet a notable American designer graduated in 1988. Terrell High School has also graduated four NFL players which are: Brice McCain, who was drafted in the NFL by the Houston Texans; C.J. Wilson, who played for the Los Angeles Angels; and Kenoy Kennedy, who played for the Denver Broncos and Detroit Lions; and Darius Johnson who played for the Denver Broncos. Current U.S. Congressman Lance Gooden is a native of Terrell.
Minsk Voblasc (Province) or Minsk Oblast is a province (voblast) of Belarus. The administrative center is Minsk. As of 2019, the voblast's population is 1,503,000, which has 15.3% of the national total. In the northern part of the oblast is the Lake Narach, the largest lake of the country. There are 22 districts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 cities, 8 city municipalities, and 20 urban-type settlements. Minsk Region covers 39,900 km², which stands about 19.44% of the total area of Belarus Republic. There is the largest lake in the country called Narach in the Minsk Region.
The ruble is the currency of Belarus. The symbol for the ruble is "Br" and the ISO 4217 code is "BYN". In 2000, notes were introduced in amounts of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 5,000 rublei. In 2001 and 2002, higher amounts of 10,000, 20,000 and 50,000 rublei were introduced, followed by 100,000 rublei in 2005.
Further-eastern European Time (FET) also called Moscow Time (MSK) and Turkey Time (TRT) is since September 2011 three hours ahead of UTC (). It was started as the official time for the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast and then followed by Belarus, Northern Cyprus, and Turkey. Until 2011, Further-eastern European Time was the same as Eastern European Time (UTC+2). on 27 March 2011, Russia moved to the so called "year-round daylight saving time". Belarus followed Russia on September 15, 2011. Both Turkey and Northern Cyprus also cancelled DST on September 7, 2016, and has switched to FET permanently.On October 29, 2017, Northern Cyprus returned to EET.
Country Code: +375&lt;br&gt; International Call Prefix: 00 (was 8~10)&lt;br&gt; Trunk Prefix: 8 Belarus began using its own country code +375 in 1995. Before that it was part of the +7 international country code. The local numbering plan came from USSR. It has changed little. Geographic area codes were made based on previous 3-digit USSR area codes by removing the lead "0". Calling across areas still requires dialing trunk prefix 8 and waiting for dialtone after that.
Francysk Skaryna was a Belarusian famous as one of the first publishers in Eastern Europe. He helped develop the Belarusian language. He was born in the historical Belarusian city of Polotsk into the family of a rich merchant. The exact dates of birth and death are unknown. It was about 1485–1540 or 1490–1551. Skaryna graduated from the arts faculty at the University of Kraków in 1504. In 1512 he received doctorate in medicine at the University of Padua in Italy. In 1517 he made a printing press in Prague. He published his first book called "The Psalter", in the Old Belarusian language on 6 August 1517. The most important part of his life's work was printing a translation of the Bible in 22 books during 1517 to 1519. Around 1522 he moved to Vilnius. He made the first printing house in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The first book published there was "The Little Travel Guide". The printing house closed down. Skaryna spent his last years working as a doctor for Ferdinand I of Germany.
Yanka Kupala ( – June 28, 1942) was the pen name of Ivan Daminikavich Lutsevich. He was a Belarusian poet and writer. Kupala is said to be one of the greatest Belarusian-language writers of the 20th century. Biography. Early life. Kupala was born on July 7, 1882 in Viazynka. His family was of Szlachta origins. Both of his parents were tenant farmers. Kupala received a traditional Belarusian education. He finished his studies in 1898. After the death of his father in 1902, Kupala worked several short-term jobs. These included being a tutor, a shop assistant, and a record keeper. Kupala's first serious try at writing was "Ziarno". It was a Polish-language sentimental poem which he completed around 1903–1904. His first Belarusian-language work ("Мая доля") was dated July 15, 1904. Kupala's first published poem, "Мужык" ("Peasant"), was published about a year later. It was in the newspaper on May 11, 1905. Several more poems by Kupala were in the Belarusian-language newspaper "Nasha Niva" from 1906 to 1907. In Vilnius and St. Petersburg. Kupala moved from Belarus to Vilnius in 1908. He continued with his career as a poet. The first published collection of his poems, "Жалейка" ("The Little Flute") made the czarist government mad. The order for Kupala's arrest was ended in 1909. Kupala left for St. Petersburg in 1909. In 1910 he published several works. He left St. Petersburg and returned to Vilnius in 1913. Among those influencing Kupala in the 1910s was Maxim Gorky. During the Soviet period. Kupala's writing changed to an optimistic tone after the Great October Revolution of 1917. Kupala was awarded the Order
In some eusocial species, individuals of one species live together in colonies. These groups are often called nests or hives. Often there is a division of labour. In Hymenoptera, for example, a hive may have several kinds of females, which by Polyphenism carry out different tasks, and whose bodies are different.  Such specialized types in one species are known as castes. Castes that are not involved in producing offspring are usually sterile. The term originally comes from the caste-system in Hinduism.
The Corps of Bridges ("Corps des Ponts") is a French civil service corps. People entering the Corps are trained at the '. Most of them are from the '. The rest come from the "". In 2002, the corps of the engineers of Bridges and Roads ("Ponts et Chaussées"), the engineers of civil aviation, the engineers-geographs and the meteorological engineers merged. Students who choose the corps of engineers of civil aviation are trained at the French Civil Aviation University.
Daniel Boyle (born 20 October 1956) is a British movie director and producer. He was born in Radcliffe, Lancashire into a working-class Irish Catholic family. His movies include "Shallow Grave", "Trainspotting", "A Life Less Ordinary", "The Beach", "28 Days Later", "Millions", "28 Weeks Later", "Sunshine", "Slumdog Millionaire" and "127 Hours". Boyle was nominated for five BAFTA Awards and three Academy Awards. He directed the 2018 television series "Trust" based on the kidnapping of John Paul Getty III, the grandson of J. Paul Getty.
Vasil Uładzimiravič Bykaŭ (June 19, 1924 – June 22, 2003) was an author of many novels and novellas about World War II. He is a big figure in Belarusian literature and civic thought. The writer's talent earned him endorsements for the Nobel Prize nomination from, among others, Nobel Prize laureates Joseph Brodsky and Czesław Miłosz. Life and career. Vasil Bykaŭ was born in the village Byčki, not far from Viciebsk in 1924. In 1941 he was in Ukraine when Germany attacked the USSR. He volunteered for the Red Army. For years after the war he continued to serve. He returned to the USSR only in the mid-1950s. There he started to work as a journalist for the Hrodna Pravda newspaper. In that same decade his first novellas were published. Bykaŭ was one of the most admired writers in the Soviet Union. In 1980 he was awarded the title of People's Writer of the Belarusian SSR. Vasil Bykaŭ is the most widely read Belarusian writer outside of Belarus.
Uladzimir Karatkievich or Vladimir Korotkevich (26 November 1930 – 25 July 1984) was a Belarusian romantic writer. Karatkievich was born in 1930 in Orsha, Viciebsk region. In 1954 he graduated from Kiev University. Later, he completed advanced literature courses (1960), and then cinematography (1962), both in Moscow. Literature then became his main job. His first published work was a poem that appeared in 1951. He published a large number of short stories, in collections entitled "Chazenia", "The Eye of the Typhoon", "From Past Ages", and others. He also wrote the novels "Unforgettable" and "The Dark Castle Olshansky". Karatkievich's most popular work is the novel "The Wild Hunt of King Stakh" Karatkievič also wrote a number of plays, essays, articles, screenplays for short and feature movies. He also wrote some very interesting detective and adventure stories.
A supervolcano is a volcano that can make a volcanic eruption where the things being thrown out of the volcano have a volume bigger than , which is a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8. If the definition is expanded, supervolcanoes also include volcanoes that have volcanic eruptions with a volume bigger than , which is a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7. This is thousands of times bigger than most volcanic eruptions which happened a long time. Supervolcanoes can occur when magma in the Earth rises into the crust from a hotspot, but can not break through the crust. More and more pressure builds up in a large and growing magma pool until the crust can no longer take the pressure.  Although there are not many Quaternary supervolcanoes, supervolcanic eruptions usually cover very big areas with lava and volcanic ash. They can also cause a long-lasting change to weather (such as causing a volcanic winter which can trigger a small ice age), enough to possibly make species extinct. Terminology. The term "supervolcano" was first used in the BBC popular science television program "Horizon" in 2000 to mean eruptions of this type.  Volcanologists (who study with volcanoes) and geologists do not say "supervolcanoes" in their scientific work. This is because the word can mean many different geothermal conditions. Since 2003, however, the term has been used by professionals when showing things to the public. The term "megacaldera" is sometimes used for calderas which are quite similar to supervolcanoes, such as the Blake River Megacaldera Complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Super Eruptions. VEI 8 eruptions are considered super-eruptions due to their large scale. The Earth's most recent supereruption is the Oruanui eruption, occurring 26,500 years ago.
Stanisław Moniuszko (May 5, 1819 in Ubiel, near Minsk – June 4, 1872 in Warsaw, Congress Poland) was a Polish composer, conductor and teacher. He is generally called the father of Polish national opera. Biography. Youth. Moniuszko was born in Ubiel (Minsk district in modern Belarus) to a Polish-Armenian noble family of landowners. He showed an early ability in music, and began private piano lessons with August Freyer in 1827. Moniuszko began to formally study composition in Berlin with Karl Friedrich Rungenhagen, who also taught him in choral conducting. While in Berlin, he had an unexpected early success when he set three songs to the words of the Polish national poet, Adam Mickiewicz. After three years in Berlin, he returned to Poland in 1840 to marry Aleksandra Müller. He got a job as an organist in Vilnius and also worked as a private piano tutor. The Moniuszkos had ten children. Around 1840, he began to compose strongly, writing his first operas and several other stage works, as well as sacred music and secular cantatas. During his lifetime Moniuszko traveled many times to St. Petersburg where his concerts were very well received. He was the mentor of César Cui. Maturity. In 1848 in Vilnius, he staged and conducted the first performance of his opera "Halka". After the triumph of his new four-act version of "Halka" at Warsaw on 1 January 1858, he toured France. It was soon later staged in Prague, Moscow and St. Petersburg, where it met with great success. On 1 August 1858 he was made conductor of the Polish Opera in the Grand Theatre in Warsaw. In 1864, Moniuszko started lecturing at the Music Institute in Warsaw, where he also directed a choir. His disciples included, among others, Zygmunt Noskowski and Henryk Jarecki. Stanisław Moniuszko died on 4 June 1872 in Warsaw of a sudden heart attack. He was buried in Powązki Cemetery. Works. Vocal. Songs. "More than 300, listing the most popular:" Recordings. Due to the current obscurity of Moniuszko outside Poland, this list more or less represents a complete discography.