ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Shrine Consolidation Policy was a plan by the Meiji Japanese government to get rid of many small Shinto shrines and combine their duties with bigger regional shrines.. In 1900, a government branch called the Bureau of Shrines (Jinja kyoku) was formed as part of the Home Ministry. This branch was in charge of carrying out the Shrine Consolidation Policy. The Shrine Consolidation Policy was made to decrease the power of Shinto, and the government wanted to control the remaining shrines. The goal was to make the shrines easier to manage. Even though many people didn't like it, 77,899 Shinto shrines were closed in the first twenty years of the policy. The Shrine Consolidation Policy was in effect until the end of World War II, but it had the biggest impact in the first six years after it started in 1906. By 1912, the number of shrines that were closed decreased significantly. Overview. To strengthen shrines, the government either moved the deities from smaller shrines to larger ones or combined multiple shrines' deities into one shrine. The result was fewer, larger shrines under government control. During the Meiji and Taisho eras, the Japanese government merged smaller, unprofitable shrines in an effort to enhance the presence of shrines overall. The Bureau of Shrines in the Home Ministry was responsible for this reorganization, focusing on village shrines and unranked shrines. The government's goal was to organize existing shrines and limit the number of shrines receiving offerings. However, there were accusations of corruption and attempts to seize land for financial gain. In 1906, an imperial edict called "With Regard to the Provision of Offerings to Shrines of Prefectural Rank and Below" was issued to financially support thriving shrines only, leading to the merging of many shrines. Under the edict, merged shrines, temples, and other sacred sites were required to surrender their land without compensation. Local authorities in Wakayama and Mie prefectures in particular carried out mergers, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of shrines by 1914. Some intellectuals and
Herschel Greer Stadium was a baseball park in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the home stadium of the Nashville Sounds, who are a Minor League Baseball team. It opened on April 26, 1978. The Sounds played there for 37 years. Their last game was on August 27, 2014. In 2015, the Sounds began to play at a new stadium called First Horizon Park. Greer Stadium was demolished to become part of a park in 2019. The ballpark was built for the the Nashville Sounds, but other sports teams have also played at the stadium. Another baseball team, the Nashville Xpress, played there in 1993 and 1994 at the same time as the Sounds. The stadium was famous for having a scoreboard shaped like a guitar. References. Specific General
The International Phonetic Association is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics and practical applications of that science. It started in Paris in 1886. It developed the International Phonetic Alphabet—a standard for the phonetic representation of all languages. The acronym IPA refers to both the association and the alphabet. On 30 June 2015, it was incorporated as a British private company limited by guarantee. Its offices are in London.
Mosfilm is one of the largest and oldest movie studios in Russia and in Europe. It was started in 1924 in the USSR when there was a monopoly on movie production. It was set up in Moscow in 1920 and rebuilt in 1927. By the end of the Soviet Union it had produced more than 3,000 films. It continues as a private company.
Oyagami (祖神) is a Japanese literally meaning "parent deity." It sometimes expresses the belief that kami, or divine beings, care for human beings in the same way that human parents care for their children, similar to how God the father expresses that. This concept can be found in two forms: an abstract idea that has been around since ancient times, and a more codified concept that developed within certain Shinto sects and new religions. Some Shinto sects believe that the entire world or cosmos is a living entity, full of vitality and productive power that originates from the oyagami, which is the ultimate existence that gives birth to everything. According to this belief, humans are "offspring of the kami" and have been given life by them. This doctrine suggests that humans have the potential to become kami themselves, as they are originally made of the same substance as the divine beings. In the Tenrikyō new religion, the main deity is called "Oyagami," and the sect's founder is known as "Oyasama." This use of the word "parent" before the name of the kami being worshipped is believed to reflect the traditional Japanese understanding of the meaning of divine beings. Overall, the concept of oyagami emphasizes the close relationship between humans and kami and the belief that divine beings care for humans like parents care for their children. Ancestral deities. The Imperial Household and Uji clans believe in ancestor gods from a long time ago. They are considered the god or person that started the family line. The clan is a group of people who feel like they are family because they have the same ancestor god. This idea used to be very important, but over time it became less important. The clan gods used to be based on family ties, but later became more connected to the land they lived on, and were like other local gods. Other uses. The word means "parent god". It is the title God goes by in Tenrikyo.
A tutelary deity is a deity or spirit that serves as a guardian of a thing. That thing can range from a country to an occupation.  In ancient Greek and Roman religions, there were special gods called tutelary deities. One type of tutelary deity was called the genius. The genius was like a personal guardian spirit that was with a person from the time they were born until they died. Another type of personal guardian spirit is called a familiar spirit. This type of spirit is found in European folklore.
The was an organization in Japan that succeeded the Taikyo Institute in 1875. The Bureau of Shinto Affairs was an organization during the Meiji era that united different Shinto groups across Japan. It was a public institution and had a student dormitory to train priests. It was also responsible for accrediting Sect Shinto. The Bureau of Shinto Affairs trained priests but faced conflicts over differences in beliefs. This led to the Ise sect becoming more prominent and the Izumo sect being marginalized. In 1882, the Bureau of Shinto Affairs was turned into a Shinto sect due to a government ordinance requiring the separation of shrine priests and missionaries or theologians. As a result, in 1884, the missionaries of both Shinto and Buddhism were suppressed. The government then established the Office of Japanese Classics Research as a replacement for the Bureau. In 1886, the Bureau of Shinto Affairs reorganized itself as the Shinto Headquarters (Shinto Honkyoku) and later changed its name to Shinto Taikyo. In 1912, a group called The Thirteen Schools of Shinto including the Shinto Headquarters joined together to create the Kyoha Shinto Rengokai (Association of Sectarian Shinto)..
Jingūkyō was a Shinto organization that was established during the Meiji era in Japan. While it was not included as one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, it possessed characteristics of sect Shinto until the mid-Meiji period. It was organized by Urata Nagatami and others, with Tanaka Yoritsune as its first Superintendent. In 1872, Urata Nagatami asked for permission to start a Shinto church called Jingū Kyōkai, shortly after the Ministry of Religion was created. He opened teaching centers and religious groups to organize his disciples, then combined them under the name Divine Wind Religious Association in 1873. Popular pilgrimage groups that were already established were also included. The Jingūkyo Institute started spreading its teachings throughout the country after the dissolution of the Daikyōin in 1875. In 1882, the Kyodo Shoku was abolished, which led to the Jingūkyo Institute declaring itself independent from the official Grand Shrine Administration Office and renaming itself Jingūkyō. Tanaka Yoritsune became the first superintendent after Urata resigned. Membership increased until the late 1880s, but there was little growth afterward. In 1898, Japan's Civil Law was passed, and there was a movement to make the Jingūkyō a service organization for the Grand Shrines of Ise. As a result, the Jingūkyō was reorganized into the Jingū Hōsaikai in September 1899. It was reorganized as such in part because it had a major burden of distrubiting Jingu Taima and this was criticized as that was used all across Japan. The Jingū Hōsaikai still follows the same basic ideals as Jingūkyō, focusing on the Grand Shrines of Ise, Emperor worship, studying kokugaku. Even today, the legacy of Jingūkyō can be seen in Japanese society and culture. With the help of the National Association of Shinto Priests, the Office of Japanese Classics Research it founded the Association of Shinto Shrines.
The was a proclamation by Emperor Meiji on January 3, 1870. Three Great Teachings. The proclamation had three great teachings, also known as the Great Doctrine, or the Taikyo. The Taikyo Institute was founded to promote these teachings
is a school of Pure Land Buddhism. Shinran founded it in the 1200s.  Jodo Shinshu is the biggest Buddhist group in Japan.
The Association of Shinto Shrines is a Shinto organization. It is the largest shinto organization with over 80,000 shrines. It was founded by the Jingukyo, the National Association of Shinto Priests, and the Office of Japanese Classics Research at the end of World War II.
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry across the world. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It was started in Italy in 1933 by Francesco Braga. It has its main office in London, with more local offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi. It has more than 8,000 members and operating in over 70 countries. It started by promoting laws and copyrights and "to protect the largely British-based recording industry" by promoting rights in gramophone sound recordings. In 1961 it helped to set up an international standard for the protection of sound recordings, live performances and broadcasts. The United States did not recognise a separate sound recording copyright until 1971.
Tromsø Airport, Skattøra was an airport in Norway that was built on water. It was used as a military air base. It was constructed in 1938 and was used until 1975. During the Second World War, it was used by the German Luftwaffe and they made it the center for their seaplane fleet in the North Atlantic. After the war, it was taken over by the Royal Norwegian Air Force and became a main air station until 1959. It also had civilian traffic from 1946, with airlines like Scandinavian Airlines and Widerøe. The airport closed in 1975 and is no longer in use.
Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska are fictional characters from the television show Gotham and are its version of The Joker. They are played by Cameron Monaghan. Season One. In the episode The Blind Fortune Teller, Detective James Gordon looks into the murder of a female snake dancer at a circus and talks to her eighteen year old son Jerome Valeska. At the end of the episode, it turns out Jerome killed her for fun and when he’s caught, he admits it and laughs. Season Two. Jerome Valeska is broken out of Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane by the new villain and becomes the leader of a gang of terrorists who call themselves Maniax! They kill the Mayor. They kill the person in charge of the Police. They massacre the police station and they steal a bus full of high school cheerleaders and try to kill them with explosives. Jerome also kills his father, a blind fortune teller. Jerome kills a magician and pretends to be him so that he can try to kill Bruce Wayne. Jerome kills the other terrorists for fun once he doesn’t need them anymore and he tries to kill Bruce. But then Theodore Galavan, who broke Jerome out of Arkham, kills Jerome so that Bruce will trust him. Season Three. A cult which worships Jerome Valeska finds his body and uses a machine they stole from mad scientist Hugo Strange to bring him back to life. When it doesn’t work, the cult leader cuts off Jerome’s face and wears it like a mask. Then Jerome comes back to life, kills the cult leader and takes the mask back. Then Jerome shuts down all the electricity in all of Gotham City and people start rioting. Jerome then kidnaps Bruce Wayne and takes him to his circus which he took over to kill him. Jerome tells Bruce what he wants is to prove that everyone is evil and that “there are no heroes in Gotham”. Jerome also tries to have Alfred Pennyworth murdered. Bruce manages to fight Jerome and beat him but he refuses to kill him even after Jerome loses his face in the fight. The police send Jerome to a hospital where he gets plastic surgery to get his face back and then put him back in Arkham Asylum
The Unity of knowledge and action (知行合一) is a concept in philosophy created by Wang Yangming. It means that knowledge and action should go together and help each other. This idea says that only by behaving well can someone become wise. It is similar to the Western idea called virtue epistemology. Overview. In Chinese philosophy, knowledge and action were usually seen as related but different. Wang disagreed and said there was no difference between them. He thought that knowledge was knowing how to act in a situation, based on his ideas about people and their innate knowledge. He also believed that the world was always changing, rather than staying the same, which is similar to the Western idea of Process philosophy. History. Wang Yangming created the idea during the Ming dynasty. Wang Yangming disagreed with the teachings of Zhu Xi, a famous philosopher. Zhu Xi encouraged students to study in two parts, one theoretical and one practical. Wang believed this approach made people ineffective. Application. Western philosophers talk about akrasia, which is when someone does something they know is wrong on purpose. But Wang disagrees. He says that just saying you know something is wrong isn't enough. You have to actually act on what you know for it to count. For example, if a student cheats on a test but says cheating is wrong, Wang would say they don't really understand what they're saying.. Similar ideas. The idea of combining knowledge and action is not exclusive to Chinese philosophy. Similar ideas can be found in Western literature. Hermann Hesse in his novel "Demian" writes that only the thoughts we put into action have real value. The motto of MIT, "Mens et Manus" or "Mind and Hand," also emphasizes the importance of combining inner knowledge with actions. The idea of virtue Epistemology in contemporary Western philosophy also shares similarities with Wang Yangming's concept of the Unity of Knowledge and Action. Both emphasize the importance of practical wisdom and the integration of knowledge and action.
Zhangixalus is a group of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae, family Rhacophoridae. They are called Zhang's treefrogs in English. They live in the Eastern Himalayas, southern China, Taiwan, Japan, and southeast Asia. Name. The frogs are named for Zhang Ya-Ping from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhang worked in biodiversity and evolution research in China. "Ixalus" is a word that means treefrogs. Taxonomy. Scientists made the group "Zhangixalus" in a 2019 when they were looking at the very large genus "Rhacophorus" (92 species). They divided "Rhacophorus" into three groups: "Rhacophorus" sensu stricto (then 39 species; as of November 2021, 43 species), "Leptomantis" (then 14 species; as of November 2021, 13 species), and "Zhangixalus" (then 37 species; as of November 2021, 40 species). They did this because of molecular data, such as DNA, but also because they could see differences in the frogs' bodies and in the places where they lived. "Rhacophorus" is the sister taxon of "Zhangixalus" and "Leptomantis". Description. "Zhangixalus" are large frogs, ranging between in from nose to rear end, but most are more than more than . The snout is round. The terminal phalanges of fingers and toes are Y-shaped. Dorsal skin is smooth or has some small bumps. Most frogs have green skins. The female lays eggs in white foam nests that the two frogs make together. "Zhangixalus" has frogs that seem not to be related to other frogs: "Z. achantharrhena", "Z. dulitensis", and "Z. prominanus". They are different from other "Zhangixalus" frogs: they have folds in their skin by their legs and tarsal projections. Scientists are not sure these species really should be in "Zhangixalus". Species. There are 41 species in this genus: The AmphibiaWeb recognizes the same species except "Zhangixalus amamiensis", which is treated as being part of "Zhangixalus viridis".
Chislobog (Числобог) is a figure from modern Slavic paganism, especially in the Ynglist tradition. He is typically associated with time and/or numbers, and his name comes from the Slavic words for "number" (число, chislo) and "god" (бог, bog). Chislobog's origins are uncertain, but he appears in the Book of Veles, a book that is believed to be a forgery rather than a genuine ancient Slavic text. Despite this, he is an important figure in Ynglism and is worshipped by followers of the tradition. According to Ynglist belief, Chislobog controls the flow of time, sometimes symbolized as a river. He is also considered the protector of various Slavic-Aryan calendars, including the Daa'ri calendar. Ynglists believe that the Daa'ri calendar was used in Europe prior to the adoption of the Christian calendar. Chislobog is often depicted holding a sword in his left hand, symbolizing protection and preservation, and a shield with the Daa'ri calendar inscribed on it in his right hand. The hymn of Chislobog praises him as the protector of life and the giver of understanding to humans, and asks for blessings for Ynglist families and long life. While some people have suggested that Chislobog may be female, this is not a widely held belief among Ynglists.
The Sandnessund Bridge is a long bridge that connects two islands in Norway, Tromsøya and Kvaløya. It is made of concrete and has 36 parts holding it up, with the longest part being . The bridge is long in total, and the sea below it is away at its highest point. The bridge was opened in 1974 by Crown Prince Harald, and used to cost money to cross until 1982. It is part of a big road that goes through Norway.
Grønnåsen Church is a church located in the northern part of Tromsø city on Tromsøya island in Norway. It was built in 1996 and has a fan-shaped design. The church can hold about 450 people and is used by the Grønnåsen parish.
Isuzuyori-hime () was an empress consort of Japan as the wife of Emperor Suizei. She was the mother of Emperor Annei. Life. In the second year, during the spring season of Suizei's reign, she was appointed empress. Later on, in the first year, on the 10th month, 11th day of her son Emperor Annei's reign, he bestowed upon her the title of "Kodaigo" (empress dowager). She was the daughter of Kotoshironushi, and the sister of Himetataraisuzu-hime. She was a important figure in Japanese mythology.
Kokushi genzaisha (国史見在社) are a type of Shinto shrine. It means a shrine that appears in the Rikkokushi (六国史) but not in the Engishiki The Rikkokushi or the Six Official Histories, includes Nihon shoki, Shoku nihongi, Nihon kōki, Shoku Nihon Kōki, Montoku jitsuroku, and Sandai jitsuroku. Kokushi gensaisha are also called kokushi shozaisha or "shrines that appear in the Official Histories". These shrines are important because they have a historical significance and are regarded as ancient shrines. Some of the shrines listed in the Jinmyōchō (Register of Deities) in Engishiki, also known as Myojin Taisha also overlap with the kokushi genzaisha, but the term usually refers to shrines that are only mentioned in the Official Histories. 国史 (Kokushi) means official history, 見在 gensai means appearing and 社 sha means shrine
(熊野大社) is a Shinto shrine that can be found in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture. The shrine is considered to be the most important shrine in Izumo Province, along with Izumo Grand Shrine. It is known as ichinomiya, which means "the first shrine" or "the most important shrine" in the province. This shrine should not be confused with the Kumano sanzan complex located in Wakayama Prefecture. The deity worshipped in this shrine is named 'Izanagi-no-Himanago Kaburogi Kumano-no-Ōkami Kushimikenu-no-Mikoto', which means "Beloved Child of Izanagi, Divine Ancestor, and Great Deity of Kumano, Kushimikenu-no-Mikoto." This deity is associated with Susanoo..  In Japanese mythology, the shrine is believed to be the place where fire was first made. The shrine keeps two ancient tools for making fire, a hand drill (燧杵 "hikiri-kine") and a hearthboard (燧臼 "hikiri-usu"), which are used during the Fire Lighting Ceremony held every October. The ceremony is also known as Kiribi-matsuri or Sanka-sai..
is a Shinto shrine located in Fukuoka. It is located on Shikanoshima island where the Azumi people used to live. The famous King of Na gold seal was discovered on the same island as the shrine. The shrine has historical connections to foreign wars because it was the place from which Empress Jingū launched her invasion of Korea, and it was also a site of conflict during the Mongol invasions of Japan. The Azumi people traditionally followed the sea God, Watatsumi. The Shrine is considered their ancestral shrine and honors their god Watatsumi.  The shrine is taken care of by a priest who is believed to be a descendant of the Azumi clan. The biennial gojinkosai ceremony held at the shrine is recognized as an intangible cultural property by the prefecture.  The shrine, incorporates a deer motif in its rituals and designs. The deer motif is significant to the Azumi people and their beliefs, and is a common feature in the historic culture of the region.
Tainan Shrine () , was a Shinto shrine built by the Empire of Japan in Taiwan. It was associated with imperialism and State Shinto rather than local belief in Shintoism. The shrine was founded in 1920 and expanded in 1925. Its main deity was Prince Kitashirakawa., who died of malaria during the Japanese invasion of Taiwan. He was enshrined in many shrines across Taiwan, including the Taiwan Grand Shrine. During that time, the government forced people to visit shrines instead of visiting them voluntarily.. The Tainan Shrine organized an elaborate festival every January.
(山内神社) is a Shinto shrine in Kōchi, Kōchi.. It used to be a Beppyo shrine, which is a shrine with a significant history and special importance. However, it left the Beppyo list in 2013.
are two Shinto shrines located next to each other in Yamaguchi. Both shrines are dedicated to members of the . Toyosaka Shrine. Toyosaka Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Yamaguchi, located next to Noda Shrine. It is dedicated to Mōri Motonari. Noda Shrine.  is a Shinto shrine located in Yamaguchi, it is located next to . It is dedicated to Mōri Motonari.