ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith (February 9, 1897 - November 8, 1935) was a famous Australian airplane pilot. He is famous for being the first person to fly across the Pacific Ocean from the United States to Australia. He was also the first person to fly non-stop across the entire country of Australia. He made the first flight from Australia to New Zealand. In another famous flight, he flew from Australia to London, England, in ten and a half days, which was a new record at that time. Early life. Smith was born on February 9, 1897, in Hamilton, Brisbane (the capital city of Queensland, a state in Australia). He went to school at St. Andrew’s Cathedral Choir School and Sydney Technical High School. When he turned 16, Smith became an apprentice at Colonial Sugar Refining Co. Ltd., where he got training in engineering. Military career. In 1915, Smith joined the 1st Australian Imperial Force (AIF), the main branch of the Australian Army that fought outside of Australia in World War I. In the AIF he was a sapper (someone who builds and repairs roads and bridges) and a motorcycle dispatch rider (someone who delivers important messages). In 1916 he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), where he became a pilot and a second lieutenant.   In 1917, Smith's plane was shot down during battle. He survived, but was injured and had to have part of his left foot amputated (removed by surgery). He received the Military Cross for his bravery in battle. Because of his injuries, Smith was made an RFC flying teacher.  He was also promoted to Captain.  In April 1918, Smith was assigned to the Royal Air Force, which had just been created. After finishing his military service in 1919, Smith created Kingsford Smith, Maddocks Aeros Ltd., flying a joy-riding service (which sold plane rides to customers for entertainment). He flew mostly in the North of England.  Later, he worked in the United States as a barnstormer, entertaining people by doing tricks in his airplane.  In 1921, he returned to
Caroline Chisholm (May 30, 1808 - March 25, 1877) was an English humanitarian. She was known for her involvement with female immigrant welfare in Australia. She was named a saint of the Church of England. Her day is May 16 in the Calendar of saints. Early life. Caroline Jones was born in Northampton, England. She came from a very large family. Her father, William Jones, had been married four times. All his previous wives had died in childbirth. Caroline was William's sixteenth child and the youngest of the seven who lived. William died when Caroline was six years old. His death left the family with little money. She lived with her family at 11 Mayorhold. In 1822, when Caroline was 22, she married Archibald Chisholm. He was a Roman Catholic. He was ten years older than she was. He served with East India Company Army. It is believed that Caroline converted to her husband's faith at this time. They were married at the Anglican Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Northampton.  India. Archibald returned to his regiment in Madras, India in January 1832. Caroline joined him 18 months later. When she saw the bad behaviour of some of the girls, she asked the Governor of Madras to help her set up a school. In 1834, Caroline founded the Female School of Industry for the Daughters of European Soldiers. The school provided a practical education for the girls. They were taught to read and write and about religion, cooking, housekeeping, and nursing. Caroline gave birth to two sons, Archibald and William, and she followed her husband around in his travels. Australia. In 1838, Archibald became sick. Rather than go back to England, they moved to Australia because they thought the weather would be good for his health. They sailed for Sydney. They arrived there in October 1838. They settled at Windsor. On trips to Sydney, Caroline and Archibald learned about the hard lives of emigrants arriving in the colony. They were particularly concerned for the young women who were arriving without any
Edward Hargraves (October 7, 1816 – October 29, 1891) was an Australian shopkeeper, sailor and adventurer. He is famous for starting the Australian gold rush. He found gold in Sydney in 1851. He first started looking for gold in California but was not successful.  When he arrived in Sydney, he did not even visit his family. He went straight to the Blue Mountains to look for gold. After his first discovery, Australia became more popular due to the goldfield. Although Hargraves was very famous and rich, he lived so lavishly that he became broke by 1862. Early life. Hargraves' mother (Elizabeth Nee Whitcombe) and father (John Edward Hargraves) sent Hargraves to Brighton Grammar School in England. When he was 14, he travelled over water to Sydney, Australia. He arrived in Sydney in 1832. He worked on a property at Bathurst, collecting tortoise shells. Before Hargraves became famous, he left his wife (Elizabeth Hargraves) and bought his own piece of land on Manning River. He took over a shop near his property.  Achievements. Hargraves' main achievement was discovering a large amount of gold, starting the gold rush of Australia. He believed that the geography of Bathurst was the same as California, so he began his search for gold there. John Lister, who had already found gold in California, helped Hargraves to find gold in Australia.  The two of them travelled to Summerhill Creek, where Hargraves first discovered gold. After the government found out about Hargraves’ discovery, they appointed him ‘Commissioner of Land’. They rewarded him with 10,000 pounds and a life pension, in exchange for the gold he discovered. The government of New South Wales made the announcement that gold was discovered on May 22, 1851. Hargraves was also responsible for conducting the gold mining in Ballarat, when the gold rush became more popular. Between the years of 1853-1854, Hargraves travelled back to England
David Howells Fleay (January 6, 1907 – August 7, 1993) was an Australian naturalist (someone who studies nature). He was one of the first people to come up with the idea of breeding endangered species in captivity, so they would not go extinct (die out) in the wild. He was also the first person to succeed in breeding platypuses in captivity. Fleay now has a wildlife park named after him in Queensland. He died on 7 August 1993 aged 85. Early life. Fleay was born in Ballarat, Victoria, in Australia. His parents were William and Maude Fleay. As a young child, David became interested in the Australian bush and its wildlife at an early age. His mother was also interested in these things, but his father did not want David to spend his time thinking about Australian wildlife. Fleay was educated at Pleasant Street State School and Balart Grammar School. His first job was at his father’s pharmacy. Fleay then taught at Balart Church of England Grammar School until 1927, when he moved to Melbourne. There, he taught while studying for a Bachelor of Science degree and a Diploma of Education at Melbourne University. While at Melbourne University, Fleay met a science student named Mary Sigrid Collie. They got married in 1931. Career. In the early 1930s, Fleay went to Tasmania to try to capture Thylacines (also called Tasmanian tigers). He was not able to find any Thylacines in the wild. So he decided to run a breeding program with Thylacines in zoos. He wanted to breed more Thylacines to save them from becoming extinct. But the Tasmanian government did not allow Fleay to run this program. We now know that the last definite sight of a Thylacine in the wild was in 1930. By 1936, the last Thylacine living in a zoo died, and this species was extinct. By 1934, Fleay was very well known as a 'wildlife man.' He was chosen to design and direct a new section at the Melbourne
Archibald William Roach (8 January 1956 – 30 July 2022) was an aboriginal-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist. Roach was born in Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia. His songs are popular in the Australian Aboriginal community. Early Life. At the age of three or four, Roach was taken from his family by the Australian government. His two sisters were also taken away. After spending time in an orphanage, he was raised in Melbourne, Australia, by a white family, who had moved to Melbourne from Scotland.  As a teenager, Roach ran away from home to look for his biological parents. After running away, while homeless and abusing alcohol, Roach met his wife, musician Ruby Hunter. During the late 1980s, Roach and Hunter created a band named “Altogether” with other Aboriginal musicians. Health and death. In mid-2011, Roach was diagnosed with early lung cancer, and had one of his lungs removed. While recovering, he released his hit album “Into the Bloodstream.” Roach died on July 30, 2022 in Warrnambool, Victoria from a long-illness, aged 66. Awards and achievements. His album "Charcoal Lane" won an ARIA Award as the Best Indigenous Album of the Year. He was given an ARIA Award as the Best New Talent. The Rolling Stone Magazine listed it in the Top 50 Albums of 1992. "Looking for the Butter Boy" won three ARIA Awards in 1998. In 2013, Roach won a Deadly Award for Album of the Year. He has also won two ARIA awards and a national Human Rights Award for his songs “Took the Child Away” and “Charcoal Lane.” Many of his songs talk about his experiences and the difficulties he has faced as an Aboriginal Australian. In 2015 Roach was made a member of the Order of Australia.
Johnny Flynn OBE (25 November 1880 – 5 May 1951) was an Australian Presbyterian minister. He started the Presbyterian Church of Australia. He also started the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, which brings medical care to people who live far away from doctors or hospitals. Flynn's portrait is on one side of the Australian 20 dollar note. Early life. John Flynn was born in Moliagul in   His parents were Thomas Eugene Flynn and Rosetta Forsyth. Because his mother died while giving birth to him, John was raised by his mother’s sister in Sydney, Australia.  When he was 16, Flynn decided that he wanted to become a Presbyterian minister and study theology (religion) at the University of Melbourne. In 1911, he finished his training for the Presbyterian ministry and was officially ordained into the Presbyterian Church. He went to live and work in the Australian Outback, where many people had little access to medical care because they lived so far from large cities, doctors, and hospitals. In 1912, he created the Australian Inland Mission, which gave medical, spiritual, and other care to people in the Outback.  Career. For many years, Flynn worked to get the support and money he needed to start an organization that would bring doctors and medical care by plane to people living in the Outback. With the help of Alf Traeger, Flynn was able to create the Aerial Medical Service in 1928. (Its name was later changed to the Flying Doctor Service, and then changed again to the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia he worked as a teacher but was bullied by the staff and the studentssupport the Aerial Medical Service needed to provide "flying doctors" to every part of Australia. By 1939, every state in Australia had an Aerial Medical Service. Now called the Royal Flying Doctor Service, the organization still exists today and has 21 bases throughout every part of the country. It provides medical care to 290,000 people every year. Awards. Flynn became an officer of the Order of the British Empire on June 3, 1933.
Sidney Myer created Myer’s, one of the biggest department stores in Australia. He emigrated from Russia at the age of 20 and started off as a small merchant and went on to be the owner of a large chain store. Early life. Simcha (Sidney) Myer Baevski was born on the February 8, 1878, in the Jewish section of Kritchev, Russia. He was the youngest of eleven children. He attended a primary school for Jewish children. While at school, he managed his mother’s shop and helped the shop be very successful.  When Myer was 20, he and his older brother, Elcon, moved to Australia. Myer arrived in Melbourne, Australia, as a Jewish refugee in August of 1899. He did not know English, and had almost no money and no visa. Soon after arriving, he changed his name to Sydney Myer in order to be more Australian.  Achievements. The Myer brothers moved to Bendigo, a city in Victoria, Australia. There they started a small drapery business, where they sold fabrics of all different styles, colors, and sizes. Because they disagreed about whether their store should be open on Sundays, the brothers decided to stop working together. Sidney bought his brother's share of the business, and Elcon moved on to Melbourne.  As Myer's business became more successful, he opened a larger store in Bendigo, and new stores in Melbourne and Adelaide. Today, Myer's is one of Australia’s biggest department stores. Myer's is known for having fashionable clothing made by many different designers.  After he went to a performance at the Hollywood Bowl, a famous outdoor theater in California, Myer created the Sidney Myer Music Bowl. In 1929, Myer began to arrange free outdoor concerts by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, held at the Music Bowl. These free concerts are still held today, and are very popular. Myer died on September 5, 1934. After his death, Myer's family set up the Myer Foundation, which receives millions of dollars every year from the Myer family. The Foundation supports programs that benefit Australia and help Australians in need.
Sir Marcus Laurence Elwin "Mark" Oliphant, (8 October 1901 – 14 July 2000), commonly known as Marcus Oliphant, was an Australian physicist and humanitarian. He helped to develop nuclear weapons. He was involved with the first experimental demonstration of nuclear fusion. Biography. Oliphant was born on 8 October 1901 in Kent Town, Adelaide, Australia. His father, Harold George “Baron” Oliphant, was a civil servant. His mother, Beatrice Edith Fanny Oliphant, was an artist.  After graduating from Adelaide High School in 1918, he was unable to get money to pay for university. He got a job cleaning floors at a jewelry store. He was soon able to study at the University of Adelaide. He was interested in medicine, but Kerr Grant, the physics professor, offered him a place in the Physics Department. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1921. Oliphant attempted to build a cyclotron at the University of Birmingham. The completion of it was postponed by the World War II in Europe in 1939. He was involved with the development of radar with John Randall and Harry Boot. They created a completely new design, the cavity magnetron, which made microwave radar possible. His most important achievement was being involved with the development of the atomic bomb. He reported that it was possible, and achievable as early as 1943. He spread his research in the United States, which led to the development of the Manhattan Project, led by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. Oliphant died on 14 July 2000 in Canberra, Australia. Achievements. Many places and things are named after Oliphant. There is the Oliphant building at the Australian National University, the Mark Oliphant Conservation Park, a South Australian high schools science competition, the Oliphant Wing of the Physics Building at the University of Adelaide, and a high school in Munno Para West, South Australia. He is known for the co-discovery of deuterium, tritium, helium-3 and nuclear fusion and for the development of microwave radar. Awards. He achieved many awards over the course of his life.
Sir Ernest Edward "Weary" Dunlop, AC, CMG, OBE (12 July 19072 July 1993) was an Australian surgeon. He was known for his leadership while being held as a Prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II. Early Life. Ernest Edward Dunlop was born 12 July 1907 in Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia. Dunlop grew up in the Wangaratta area. He was the son of James and Alice Dunlop and younger brother of Alan. His mother became ill after his birth, so his two twin aunts cared for him. He worked on the family farm at Sheepwash Creek. He then became a school cadet. He continued his part-time military service until 1929. In 1928 Dunlop qualified as a pharmacist and earned many awards. In 1934 he qualified as a doctor with first class honours. It was then earned his nickname ‘Weary’. He then worked in The Royal Melbourne Hospital. In 1937 he worked in the Royal Children's Hospital.  Growing up, Dunlop was very good at most sports. This included rugby and boxing. He became the first Victorian player in the national rugby union team, the Wallabies. He was the only Victorian in the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He later became a very successful boxer. In 1937, he met his future wife Helen Ferguson. Since she a student he went to England to take up postgraduate studies. When World War II broke out Dunlop became a specialist surgeon to the Emergency Medical Services. He then enlisted in the Australian Army Medical Corps, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. While Dunlop was in the Middle East, Helen joined him and they became engaged. In 1943, Ernest became imprisoned in Singapore. He was then sent to Thailand by the Japanese. In Thailand he worked at the Burma Railway as a medical officer. After the war he got married. World War Two. In World War Two, Dunlop was posted to the Middle East. There he developed a mobile surgical unit that could move around to treat wounded soldiers. He also served in Crete and Greece. He fought in the battle of Tob
John Henry Sununu (born July 2, 1939) served as the 75th Governor of New Hampshire (1983–89) and later White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush. He is the father of John E. Sununu, a former senator from New Hampshire and Chris Sununu, the Governor of New Hampshire. Sununu was the chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party from 2009 to 2011.
Richard Douglas "Dick" Lamm (August 3, 1935 – July 29, 2021) was an American politician, writer, Certified Public Accountant, college professor, and lawyer. He served three terms as 38th Governor of Colorado as a Democrat (1975–1987) and ran for the Reform Party's nomination for President of the United States in 1996. He was the Co-Director of the Institute for Public Policy Studies at the University of Denver. Lamm died on July 29, 2021 in Denver, Colorado from problems caused by a pulmonary embolism, one week before his 86th birthday.
Frank Leroy Farrar (April 2, 1929 – October 31, 2021) was an American politician. He was the 24th Governor of South Dakota. A Republican. He served as the state's attorney general from 1963 to 1969, and as governor from 1969 to 1971. Farrar died on October 31, 2021 in Pierre, South Dakota at the age of 92.
Philip Henderson Hoff (June 29, 1924 – April 26, 2018) was an American politician. He is from the U.S. state of Vermont. He served as the 73rd Governor of Vermont from 1963 to 1969. At the time of his election, he was the first Democrat elected Governor of Vermont in 108 years. Hoff was born in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. His father worked in the insurance industry and at the Massachusetts General Court. Philip was a star high school football player at Turners Falls High School.  Hoff went to Williams College and Connecticut College and graduated cum laude in 1948. Hoff married Joan Brower in 1948. He later attended Cornell Law School, graduating in 1951. The Hoffs moved to Burlington, Vermont in 1951. Hoff died at a retirement center in Shelburne, Vermont on April 26, 2018 at the age of 93.
ITV is a British free-to-air commercial television channel in the United Kingdom owned and operated by ITV Digital Channels, a division of ITV plc, and is a part of ITV network. Previously a network of separate regional television channels, ITV currently operates in England, Wales, Scotland, the Channel Islands and United States. From 2001 until 2013, the channel was called ITV1. In 2004, Granada acquired Carlton Communications to form ITV plc. ITV also manages an international network supported by subscription services, and its programmes are also available in the UK via Freesat, Sky, Virgin Media, Freeview, and ITV Hub. A Europe version of ITV launched in 2004 on FL1, Citycable, Orange TV, Dstv, YouView &amp; UPC Programming. ITV launched in Middle East and North Africa on beIN. An Asian version of ITV launched in 2014 on TVPlayer, beIN and Virgin TV Go. An Australian version of ITV launched in 2008 on Swisscom TV Australia &amp; Sky Go. In 2006, they purchased ITV for their selves after Carlton Communications. The companies filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in September 2022, closing ITV channel in the world. Phillip has confirmed that there would be no more ITV after 2013 and 2019 channels. ITV1 will be available for the new name and it will be released on 15 November 2022. History. ITV was launched in 1955 as Independent Television the first TV channel in the United Kingdom. ITV name was only used in England, Wales, Southern Scotland and Isle of Man until Channel Television adopted the name in January 2006, bringing it to the Channel Islands. The licensees that used the ITV &amp; ITV1 brand are: ITV Anglia, ITV Border, ITV Carlton Television, ITV Central Independent Television, ITV Channel Television, ITV Granada, ITV Wales &amp; West, ITV London Weekend Television, ITV Meridian, ITV Tyne Tees, ITV Westcountry and ITV Yorkshire. The network production arms of the ITV-plc owned licencees have been gradually combined since 1993 to eventually form ITV Studios. Regions.
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" (sometimes called "Gangsta Party") is the second single from American rapper 2Pac's fifth studio album "All Eyez on Me". The song was a duet sung by 2Pac and Snoop Dogg. It was released as a promotional single and was written by 2Pac, Snoop Dogg and Daz Dillinger.  It is sometimes referred to as "Gangsta Party" because of the line "ain't nuthin but a gangsta party" in the chorus. The song was also featured on 2Pac's "Greatest Hits" in 1998 and a remix of the song was featured on the album "Nu-Mixx Klazzics" in 2003.  On April 15, 2012, the song was played at the Coachella Festival with Snoop Dogg performing a duet with a virtual version of 2Pac.
Kristin Cavallari (born January 5, 1987) is an American television and movie actress. She was in the television series "Laguna Beach". She was also in the series "The Hills". Cavallari was born in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Barrington, Illinois.
Lyndsy Fonseca (born January 7, 1987) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Colleen Carlton in "The Young and the Restless". She also played Alexandra in "Nikita". Fonseca was born in Oakland, California.