ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
LGBT human rights are not respected in the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and there appears to be no organized movement to advance such human rights. And such acts of homosexuality will lead to life in prison, or even face the death penalty. 1947-1971 Pakistan period. The Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 and Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 continued the British law regarding Homosexuality which is criminalized according to the law. The 1950s saw the introduction of the East Pakistan's (East Bengal / modern-day Bangladesh) film industry. 'Mukh O Mukhosh' (1956) was the first Bengali film made in East Pakistan which represented conservative Heterosexual marriage. From the year 1956 - 1960s, many films followed this pattern. The Bengali Muslim literature sector also started to grow expeditiously during this period.  Progressive values in educated Bengali Muslim society was to possess Heteronormative values. In the 1960s decade, there were reports to have some Brothels in Dacca University's adjacent areas e.g. the Shahbag area, where "Bacha bazi" (sexual play on young adolescent males) was observed but publicly adult Homosexuality was not seen; Homosexuality remained a taboo throughout 1947 to 1960s decade and to 1971 emancipation in which year Bangladesh unilaterally seceded from parent-state Unionship with Pakistan severed politically. Constitutional &amp; Criminal Code. The Constitution has several provisions that could apply to LGBT citizens; According to Section 377 A of the British Indian penal code of BPC, adult homosexual sex acts are illegal and will be punished with deportation, fines and/or up to 10 years, sometimes life imprisonment. This legal prohibition extends to any sort of LGBT-human rights organization. BPC Section – 377A. Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation : ” Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal
Sindhis (; Sindhī) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of people originating from the Sindh province of Pakistan. Today Sindhis mostly practice Islam, but historically they practised Buddhism and Hinduism also a large minority of them still do today. The original inhabitants of ancient Sindh were believed to be aboriginal tribes speaking languages of the Indus Valley civilization around 3000 BC. This population then mixed with the Aryans that arrived later on which created the modern Sindhi ethnic group. In the book Kitab-ul-Hind, the Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (Al-Beruni) declared that even before the advent of Islam into Sindh (711 A.D.), the Sindhi language was prevalent in Sindh. Religion. Sindh was the first place in the Indian subcontinent to be conquered by a Muslim state and the first to have a significant Muslim population. Islam arrived in Sindh after the Umayyad conquest and annexation of Sindh in the year 711 AD led by the Arab general Muhammad ibn Qasim. Sindh became the easternmost province of the Caliphate. The second significant religion of the Sindhis is Hinduism which is the historical religion of Sindhi people as it was practised before the Muslim conquest. Today, Sindhi Hindus make up about 20% of the total ethnic Sindhi population worldwide. Sindhi Hindus also revere the Sikh gurus and especially the first Sikh guru, Guru Nanak.  Every year for 30 years during the early 20th century, Sikh missionary groups were sent to work among Sindhis. Because of this, the number of Sindhi Sikhs increased from 1000 in 1901 to over 39,000 in 1941. During the Partition of former British India in 1947, many Sindhi Hindus and Sindhi Sikhs left for India. They settled in Mumbai, New Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat. Later, a small number of them decided to settle in the Punjab State of India. Their main centers of pilgrimage are Sadhu Bela, an Udasi sect shrine built in
The Persian language influenced the formation of many modern languages of the Greater Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asian regions, including Urdu.  Following the Turko-Persian Mahmud of Ghazni's Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia, an influenced language of Turkish, Arabic and Persian and local dialects began to form, one that would eventually be known as Urdu. This language was called "Zaban-e-Ordu" ('language of the army'), the court language, and was later shortened to just Urdu. In the indigenous literature and spoken name, it was/is called "Lashkari" or "Lashkari Zaban" in the long form. It grew from the interaction of Persian and Turkish speaking Muslim soldiers and the native peoples. Under Persian influence from the state, the Persian script and Nasta'liq form of cursive writing was adopted, with additional figures added to accommodate the Indic phonetic system. The national anthem of Pakistan is highly Persianized. Urdu is a morpho-syntax/grammatically a Persian-Turkish written in the Persia-Arabic script, and contains literary conventions and specialised vocabulary largely from Persian. Some grammatical elements peculiar to Persian, such as the enclitic "ezāfe", and the use of the "takhallus", were readily absorbed into Urdu literature both religious and secular. Urdu soon gained distinction in literary and cultural spheres because of the hybrid nature of the language. Many distinctly Persian forms of literature, such as Ghazal, Qasida, Marsia and Nazms, caried over into Urdu literature, producing a distinct melding of Iranian and South Asian heritages. A famous cross-over writer was Amir Khusro, whose Persian and Urdu couplets are to this day read in South Asia-Central Asia.
A diagnosis is an accurate and precise account of the nature or cause of something.  Medical diagnosis is the best-known field, but diagnosis can be applied to any subject. Whereas a doctor diagnoses what is wrong with a patient, a motor mechanic can diagnose the fault in a car. In all cases they replace a vague query, such as "My car will not start", with an exact analysis, such as "It's out of petrol". Notice the diagnosis is precise enough so the solution can be seen. These ideas work even in more subtle cases. A boy brings an insect in a box to a natural history museum. He asks an expert "What is this?" The expert says "You mean, apart from it being a beetle?" When the boy nods, the expert looks at the insect under a magnifying glass, or a binocular microscope. Chances are, it is a common beetle, and the expert can give the boy quite a lot of information about it.  But if it is not known to the expert, a much longer study is needed. Large reference books will be consulted; trays of similar insects will be taken out of store to be compared. A full diagnosis needs at least the genus and species. If the species is unknown, the detailed work of description is needed for publication. Related concepts. Mostly, in biological taxonomy, the adjective "diagnostic" is used for any distinctive trait which places the specimen in a precise category. For example, A single bone making up the lower jaw is "diagnostic" of a mammal. "Diagnostics" is the name given to procedures which spell out what to do to find the cause of a fault. This term is used a lot in computer systems.
Agoraphobia is a medical condition that causes anxiety. Sufferers are afraid of large open spaces, crowds, and new places. These places make them feel unsafe and increase their feelings of anxiety and panic. They may be afraid they might lose control and embarrass themselves. They worry that they may not be able to get away, or find help if they have a panic attack. The word "agoraphobia" means "fear of the market place". People with agoraphobia often believe that their home is the only safe place. Extreme sufferers may be unable to leave their homes for months or in some cases years. Agoraphobia is sometimes treated successfully with medication and cognitive behavioral therapy, but some people never recover. Symptoms. People with agoraphobia may show these signs and symptoms:
The Russian Far East is a geographical term that describes the eastern section of Russia. Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes, which covers a smaller territory called the Siberian Federal District. This was also true during the Soviet era when it was also categorized separately and called the Soviet Far East. The Russian Far East covers the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District. The southernmost part is Primorsky Krai.
A civilian in time of war is a person who is not a member of a country's military and any other fighting group. This is what the word means under the laws of war. Civilians are the opposite of soldiers and combatants, who fight in wars. In an international armed conflict, civilians are generally protected by international humanitarian law from being harmed except:  The treatment of protected civilians in an international armed conflict is covered by the Fourth Geneva Convention. Prisoners are covered by the Third Convention. These are based on humanitarian doctrines (ethical beliefs) and that most countries follow them as law. In an international armed conflict, protected civilians have the right to defend themselves. If they participate in other fighting, they are usually called partisans, and they can be tried for war crimes. In a non-international armed conflict, Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocol II protect civilians regardless of nationality from the harmful effects of war. They can also be tried for harboring non-state armed groups since rebellion is a crime under the domestic law of most nations. The modern use of the word also has problems:
, also known as the IJA, was the army of Imperial Japan from 1868 to 1945. The army was under the command of Emperor Meiji from 1868-1912, Emperor Taishō from 1912-1926, Emperor Hirohito from 1926-1945, and Hideki Tōjō from 1884-1948. The IJA was started after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, replacing the Samurai. It was abolished at the end of World War II in 1945.  The army was involved in many Wars : Boshin War (1868-1869) Invasion Of Taiwan (1874) Shinpuren Rebellion (1876) Satsuma Rebellion (1877) First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) Invasion Of Taiwan (1895) Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) World War 1 (1914-1918) Siberian Intervention (1918-1922) Japanese Invasion Of Manchuria (1931) Soviet-Japanese Border Conflict (1932-1939) Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) Battle of Khalkhin Gol (1939) World War 2 (1941-1945) .  Legacy. Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan prohibits the use of aggressive force as a means for settling international disputes. In order to defend Japan, if necessary, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) was formed. The ground-reach of JSDF is the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).
In simple terms, catastrophism is a theory in geology that says the Earth's shape has been largely shaped by sudden and violent events. These events might have affected the whole world at once. This idea is different from uniformitarianism or gradualism, which says that slow, small changes like erosion shaped everything on Earth. Uniformitarians think that what happens today is how things happened in the past. Scientists now think both big disasters and slow changes played roles in shaping our planet's history. They believe big disasters, like huge floods or mountains forming quickly, sometimes caused lots of plants and animals to die out, making room for new life to grow fast. People who believed in catastrophism thought that each period of time in Earth's history ended with huge natural disasters, like big floods or mountains forming very quickly. These disasters would make old plants and animals die out fast, and new ones would appear suddenly. Some people even thought one of these disasters was the same flood described in the Bible's story about Noah. A French scientist named Georges Cuvier talked a lot about catastrophism in the early 1800s. He thought that many of Earth's big changes happened because of disasters like floods. But he didn't mix these ideas with religion or other beliefs in his science writing. History. Geology and biblical stories. In the past, people in mostly Christian countries tried to connect what the Bible said about the world's beginning with new ideas about how Earth formed. They also found deluge myths in other old books, like some from Classical Greece. These stories helped people think about how huge floods could have shaped Earth. Cuvier and other scientists. One of the main scientists who believed in catastrophism in the early 1800s was Georges Cuvier. He studied old bones and rocks to understand why some animals died out and new ones came. Cuvier thought that Earth went through big disasters, like floods, and each time these disasters happened, lots of plants and animals would die out fast. He thought this explained why we find different kinds of fossils in different layers of rock. Cuvier didn't think these disasters were caused by God or magic. He thought they were part of how
Steve Harris (born 12 March 1956) is a bassist, keyboardist, and founder of the British band Iron Maiden. Iron Maiden career. In 1975 Steve Harris quits his job and founded the heavy metal band Iron Maiden with guitarist Dave Murray. In 1980 Harris and Murrray recorded the first album of Iron Maiden, released 14 April 1980, completing the formation of Maiden was Paul Di'Anno - vocal, Dennis Stratton - guitar, Clive Burr - drums. The album had some success, and a very good job of Harris on bass. The second album Killers (1981), by Iron Maiden had better impactand the incorporation of guitarist Adrian Smith. In 1982, Iron Maiden vocalist change of the band joins Bruce Dickinson, with a more powerful voice, throw one of the best Maiden album The Number of the Beast, In 1983 Harris and Maiden drummer change and was elected Nicko McBrain. In 1990 Smith left the band and was replaced by guitarist Janick Gers. With the new Iron Maiden guitarist launches one of the best albums of his career Fear of the Dark (1992). In 1995 the band changes and enters vocalist Blaze Bayley in substitution of Dickinson. Bayley did not fulfill all expectations and leaving Maiden after recording two albums. In 2000, Bruce Dickinson and Adrian Smith returned to the band, with the news that Janick Gers would remain a member of Iron Maiden Maiden, since then Maiden has three guitarists. Steve Harris is considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, he co-wrote most of the hits of Iron Maiden, and was the only member of the band will have been in all its formations.
Robert James Ritchie, better known as Kid Rock, (born January 17, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, and rapper. He has made songs with parts of many different styles of music, including rock, hip hop, heavy metal, and country. Early career. Kid Rock grew up in Romeo, Michigan, which is near Detroit. He made his first album, "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast", in 1990. However, it did not gain many success. He made several more records over the next few years, but the albums did not make any sells either. By 1998, bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit were becoming popular with music that had both rap and heavy metal. Because Kid Rock was making similar music, the record label Atlantic Records, signed Kid Rock to a contract. In 1998, his album "Devil Without A Cause" was released. Songs such as "Bawitdaba" and "Cowboy" were released, making Kid Rock a star. Later career. In 2000, Kid Rock released "The History of Rock", an album that mostly had old songs from before he became famous, along with two new songs. He released the album "Cocky" in 2001, "Kid Rock" in 2003, "Rock n Roll Jesus" in 2007, and "Born Free" in 2010. Live performances. Kid Rock is a supporter of people in the United States Military. He has performed several concerts for soldiers, and gave soldiers free copies of his album "Born Free". In 2004, Kid Rock performed during the Super Bowl halftime show. Although the show was more controversial for an incident where one of Janet Jackson's breasts was seen on television, Kid Rock was criticized for playing while wearing an American flag. United States Senate campaign, 2018. Kid Rock has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Michigan. On July 12, 2017, he shared a photo of a "Kid Rock for US Senate" yard sign on Twitter. He later confirmed that he is in fact running for the Senate.
Chiron is a creature from Greek mythology. He is a centaur, a creature with a horse's body and a man's chest, arms and head where the horse's head would be. Chiron was a respected centaur because of his kindness and intelligence.
Castro is a Chilean city with 39.366 inhabitants (2002 census). History. Castro was discovered by the Spanish conqueror Martín Ruiz de Gamboa on 1567. Sights. Castro is well known for its "palafitos", traditional wooden stilt houses that are common on the Chiloé Island. Some of them are preserved in the west of the town in a bay named "Fiordo de Castro". In Gamboa, there is also an interesting wooden chapel.
Puerto Montt is a Chilean city with 175,847 inhabitants (2002 census). History. The actual Puerto Montt was discovered by a thick forest man who founded the city as "Melipulli" on 1853.
Temuco is a Chilean city with 245,347 inhabitants (2002 census). History. Temuco was founded by Manuel Recabarren naming the place "Fuerte Recabarren"("Fort Recabarren") during the Occupation of Araucania on 1881.
Talca is a Chilean city with 201.797 inhabitants (2002 census). History. Talca was founded like "Villa San Agustín de Talca" by the Spanish José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1881.
Rancagua is a Chilean city with 214,344 people living there according to 2002 census.  History. Rancagua was founded by the Spanish soldier José Antonio Manso de Velasco on 1743.
Coyhaique is a Chilean city with 50.041 inhabitants (2002 census). History. Coyhaique was founded like "Baquedano" on 1929.
A grackle is a bird that lives around North and South America. They belong to the Icterid family. Appearance. Adult grackles measure from from bill to tail and, have wings that are long, and weigh . Common grackles are less sexually dimorphic (difference in looks between male and female) than other grackles, but the differences between male and females can still be noticeable. The males, are mostly larger than the female. Adults have a long, dark bill, pale yellowish eyes, and a long tail; their feathers appear black with purple, green, or blue on the head, and primarily brown shine on the body. Adult females, besides being smaller, are less shiny; their tails in particular are shorter, and are brown with no purple or blue shine. Juveniles are brown with dark brown eyes. When grackles are in a group, they are called a "plague".
Crystallography is the study of the arrangement of atoms in solids that are mostly in three dimensional pattern.  Before the development of X-ray crystallography, the study of crystals was based on their geometry. This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces, and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question. X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure is now found by analysis of the diffraction patterns of a sample targeted by a beam of some type. The technique was jointly invented by Sir William Bragg (1862–1942) and his son Sir Lawrence Bragg (1890–1971), who jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1915. Lawrence Bragg was the youngest to become a Nobel Laureate. He was the Director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.  X-rays are most commonly used, but for some purposes electrons or neutrons are used. Because of the different forms of interaction, the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies. Technique. Some materials studied using crystallography, proteins for example, do not always occur naturally as crystals. Normally such molecules are placed in solution and allowed to crystallize over days, weeks, or months. Once a crystal is obtained, data can be collected using a beam of radiation. Although X-ray equipment is commonplace, crystallography often uses special synchrotron light sources to make X-rays. They produce purer and more complete patterns. Synchrotron sources also have a much higher intensity of X-ray beams, so data collection takes a fraction of the time normally necessary at weaker sources.  Producing an image from a diffraction pattern requires sophisticated mathematics. The mathematical methods for the analysis of diffraction data only apply to "patterns," which in turn result only when waves diffract from orderly arrays. Hence crystallography applies for the most part only to crystals, or to molecules which can be got to crystallize.  In spite of this, a certain amount of molecular information can be deduced from the patterns that are generated by fibres and pow
The Tea Party is an American populist political movement. Most people say it is conservative and libertarian. The Tea Party: The name "Tea Party" comes from the Boston Tea Party, a protest by colonists who objected to a British tax on tea in 1773. They demonstrated by dumping British tea taken from docked ships into the harbor. Some say that the "Tea" in "Tea Party" also stands for "Taxed Enough Already". The Tea Party movement has caucuses (groups) in the House of Representatives and the Senate of the United States. Many of the members of the Tea Party caucus were first elected in the 2010 midterm elections. Some of them had never held any public office before. The Tea Party movement has no central leadership but is composed of a loose linking of national and local groups that decide their own platforms and agendas. The Tea Party movement has been cited as an example of grassroots political activity, although it has also been cited as an example of . The Tea Party's most famous national figures include Republican politicians such as Sarah Palin, Ron Paul, and Michele Bachmann. As of 2010, the Tea Party movement is not a national political party, but has endorsed Republican candidates. A Gallup poll shows almost 80% of Tea Partiers say they are Republicans. Commentators, including Gallup Editor-in-Chief Frank Newport, have suggested that the movement is not a new political group but simply a rebranding of traditional Republican candidates and policies. An October 2010 "Washington Post" canvass of local Tea Party organizers found 87% saying "dissatisfaction with mainstream Republican Party leaders" was "an important factor in the support the group has received so far". Though many are opposed to GOP leadership, they are even more opposed to President Obama. Some members believe that President Obama was not born in the United States (despite a birth certificate showing he was born in Hawaii). One of the main positions the Tea Party took was against the debt ceiling (the amount of money the U.S. is allowed to borrow). Many voted against any raising of the debt ceiling. Others demanded large spending cuts and a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution.