ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Knights of Labor (K of L) was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. One of its first leaders was Terence V. Powderly. The Knights started as a secret society with many elaborate rituals. By 1878 they became more of an open group. They greatly expanded their membership in the 1880s. History. The Knights of Labor began during the era of labour unions. The Garment Cutters Association of Philadelphia failed and was dissolved on 9 December 1869. Several members voted to form a new organization. They were convinced their new union needed more secrecy. As they drew up plans for the new organization each member was required to take an oath of secrecy. The title for the presiding officer was "Master Worker" and other titles were similarly named. On December 28th they adopted the name of Knights of Labor. The membership fees were $1. In 1878 they held their first general meeting. The early Knights took up campaigning for an 8-hour workday. Child labor exploitation was another of their causes. About 20% of the Knights were women and black workers. The members were mainly working class people. Certain professions were banned from membership. This included lawyers, bankers, and stockbrokers. As a measure of how these occupations were viewed, saloon keepers and gamblers were also excluded.  Workers in the 1880s began going on strike to gain better . Only about half belonged to unions. There were an average of about 500 strikes a year between 1881 and 1885. In 1886 this increased to over 1400 strikes. On 4 May 1886 in Chicago a peaceful rally was held to support workers striking for an eight-hour day. Someone threw a bomb into the crowd at Haymarket square. At least eight police officers and several civilians were killed. Labor unions were blamed even though the person throwing the bomb was never caught. The press and the American people held labor unions responsible. As one of the largest labor organizations the knights of Labor were blamed more than the other unions. The Haymarket affair caused the decline of the Knights of Labor even though they were not directly involved. By the early 1900s they were all but gone.
Tagetes is a genus of flowers commonly called marigold. Tagetes has 56 species of plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae). The genus is native to North and South America. Description. "Tagetes" species vary in size from 0.1 to 2.2 m tall. Most species have pinnate green leaves. Blooms naturally occur in golden, orange, yellow, and white colors. In horticulture, they are usually planted as annuals.
John William Finn (July 23, 1909 – May 27, 2010) was an American sailor in the United States Navy. He served as a chief petty officer. He received the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II. Finn was the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient in the United States and the last living of the Pearl Harbor recipients. Early life. Finn was born on July 23, 1909 in Compton, California. Finn dropped out of school after the seventh grade. He then attended General Aviation Utilities Training at Naval Station Great Lakes. In 1939, Finn married his wife Alice Finn. Pearl harbor and after. As a chief aviation ordnanceman stationed at Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay, he earned the medal by manning a machine gun from an exposed position throughout the attack, despite being repeatedly wounded. He continued to serve in the Navy and in 1942 was commissioned an ensign. In 1947 he was reverted to chief petty officer, eventually rising to lieutenant before his 1956 retirement. In his later years he made many appearances at events celebrating veterans. At the time of his death, Finn was the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient and the last living recipient from the attack on Pearl Harbor. Personal life. His wife, Alice Finn, died in 1998. Since 1956, Finn lived in a ranch in Live Oak Springs, near Pine Valley, California. Death. Finn died at age 100 on the morning of May 27, 2010, at the Chula Vista Veterans Home from natural causes. He was buried besides his wife at the Campo Indian Reservation's cemetery, after a memorial service in El Cajon.
Hershel Woodrow "Woody" Williams (October 2, 1923 – June 29, 2022) was a United States Marine. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II. He was also the last surviving recipient of the Medal of Honor from that battle. Williams died at a veteran home in Huntington, West Virginia on June 29, 2022 at the age of 98.
The Praça Diogo de Vasconcelos (or Praça da Savassi; in English: Diogo de Vasconcelos Square or Savassi Square) is a public square in the area of Savassi, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. It is located where the roads "Cristóvão Colombo" and "Getúlio Vargas" meet. Also near there are the streets "Pernambuco" and "Antônio de Albuquerque". The square a lively meeting place for the people who live in Belo Horizonte. It is located in the center of Savassi, an important commercial neighborhood. Its name honors the politician and historian Diogo de Vasconcelos. He was an early is considered the first historian of art in Brazil. Although its official name is "Square Diogo de Vasconcelos", this name is not very widely used. The name "Square Savassi" comes from the Savassi Bakery. It was located at the corner of Rua Pernambuco and Cristóvão Colombo avenue. The original bakery could still be seen on the site until a coffee shop Arturo's replaced it. The square used to be surrounded by mostly boutiques, restaurants and snack bars, shops. Since 2006, however, mobile phone companies have set up shops there. The patrons of the traditional "Café Três Corações" (Three Hearts Café) came to protest against its closure at the site due to the opening of a store operator Claro. After the protest, the cafe has been reopened in a smaller area. It correspons to a small fraction of the old shop's size, with access only by Rua Antonio de Albuquerque.
Lukas Ammann (September 29, 1912 – May 3, 2017) was a Swiss retired actor. He appeared in German and Swiss movies and television shows. He was born in Basel, Switzerland on September 29, 1912. He began his movie career in the 1939 Swiss movie "Wachtmeister Studer". He continued to work steadily for over 60 years. His most famous roles is the German detective series Graf Yoster, where he played the main part of the same name between 1967–1977. His professional acting career came to an end in 2005 with the short "Herr Goldstein" being his last role. He was once married to German soprano Liselotte Ebnet. Ammann died at his home in Munich, Germany on May 3, 2017 from surgical complications at the age of 104.
Esther Eggertsen Peterson (December 9, 1906 – December 20, 1997) was an American consumer and women's advocate. Background. Esther Eggertsen grew up in a Mormon family in Provo, Utah. She graduated from Brigham Young University in 1927 with a degree in physical education. She obtained a master's degree from Teachers' College, Columbia University, in 1930. She held several teaching positions during the 1930s. She taught at Bryn Mawr College Summer School for Women Workers in Industry. The school brought milliners, and garment workers onto the campus. She later moved to New York City where she married Oliver Peterson. In 1932, the two moved to Boston, where she taught at the Winsor School and volunteered at the YWCA. Peterson was a Latter-day Saint. Career. In 1938, Peterson became a paid for the American Federation of Teachers. In her job she traveled around New England. In 1944, Peterson became the first for the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C. In 1948, the United States Department of State offered Peterson’s husband a position as a diplomat in Sweden. The family returned to Washington D.C., in 1957. Peterson joined the Industrial Union Department of the AFL-CIO, becoming its first woman lobbyist. Peterson was Assistant Secretary of Labor. She was also Director of the United States Women's Bureau under President John F. Kennedy. Peterson worked hard to help get the Equal Pay Act of 1963 passed into law. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson named Peterson to the newly created post of Special Assistant for Consumer Affairs. She later served as President Jimmy Carter's Director of the Office of Consumer Affairs. Peterson was also Vice President for Consumer Affairs at Giant Food Corporation. She was also president of the National Consumers League. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1981. Peterson was named a delegate to the United Nations as a UNESCO representative in 1993. In 2013, Esther Peterson was inducted into the US Department of Labor's Hall of Honor. Death. Peterson died in December 1997.
Monique Alexandra Rock (born May 26, 1982), better known by her stage name Monique Alexander, is an American pornographic actress, dancer, and nude model. At age 18 she began working in the adult industry as a stripper in Sacramento. This was to add to her daytime earnings as a receptionist. Alexander was born in Vallejo, California. She identifies herself as being bisexual.
Simone "Yvette" Lebon (14 August 1910 – 28 July 2014) was a French actress. She appeared in 39 movies between 1931 and 1972. Lebon was born in Paris. During World War II, she was the mistress of Jean Luchaire, a French journalist and politician. After moving to Hollywood, California, she married Belgian-American producer Nathan Wachsberger who died in 1992. They had a son together, Patrick Wachsberger of Summit Entertainment. In August 2013, she turned 103, making her the France's oldest surviving actor. Lebon died from natural causes on 28 July 2014 in Cannes, aged 103.
Zohra Begum Mumtaz-ullah Khan (Sahibzadi Zohra Begum Mumtaz-ullah Khan; 27 April 1912 – 10 July 2014), was better known by her stage name Zohra Sehgal. She was an Indian actress and choreographer. Sehgal started her career as dancer with Uday Shankar in 1935. She also worked with him for the next eight years. She has been in many Bollywood movies as a character actor. She has also been in English language movies and television shows. She has appeared in "Bhaji on the Beach" (1992), "The Mystic Masseur" (2001), "Bend It Like Beckham" (2002), "Dil Se.." (1998) and "Cheeni Kum" (2007), "The Jewel in the Crown" (1984), "Tandoori Nights" (1985–87), "Amma and Family" (1996). She retired in 2007. Sehgal was born in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh in 1912. She grew up in an aristocratic Muslim family. She received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honor, in 2010. She described herself as an agnostic, having been an atheist in her youth. Sehgal died in a hospital in New Delhi from cardiac arrest caused by pneumonia on 10 July 2014 at the age of 102.
The Federation of International Bandy (FIB) is the international governing body for the sport of bandy, including the variant called rink bandy. The federation was formed in 1955 in Stockholm, Sweden, and has had its base in Sweden since 1979. The present office is in Söderhamn, headed by FIB Secretary General Bo Nyman. Boris Skrynnik is the FIB President. The federation was named the International Bandy Federation (abbreviated IBF) between 1957 and 2001. The current name was adopted in 2001. The name change was made at a request from the International Olympic Committee (abbreviated IOC) when the IOC made bandy a "recognized sport". The abbreviation IBF was already in use by the International Badminton Federation. In 2004, FIB was fully accepted by IOC. When FIB was formed in 1955, it introduced the same rules for bandy all over the world. Especially in Russia, different rules had been used before. Bandy World Championship for men have been organized since 1957 and Bandy World Championship for women have been organized since 2004.
Remo Capitani (19 December 1927 – 14 February 2014), also known as Ray O'Connor and Ray O'Conner, was an Italian actor from Rome. He was best known for his role in the western "They Call Me Trinity" as Mezcal, a Mexican thief. Capitani died on 14 February 2014 in his hometown of Rome. He was aged 86.
Skënder Sallaku (25 January 1935 – 11 February 2014) was an Albanian actor and comedian from Tirana. He is a recipient of the People's Artist of Albania award. Sallaku died on 11 February 2014 at a hospital in his hometown of Tirana. He was aged 79.
Kaskinen () is a town in western Ostrobothnia, Finland. There were 1,341 people lived there in January 2014. It is the smallest city in Finland by population. Only nearby municipality is Närpes. The people of Kaskinen speak two languages, Finnish and Swedish. Kaskinen is buildt on an island. The island is also called Kaskinen. Kaskinen was established in 1785.
Pope Victor (189-198C.E.) I was the fourteenth Pope, the official title is Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church. Pope Victor was the first African pope. He attempted to resolve the ongoing controversy over the celebration of Easter through a great meeting of church members from Rome and Gaul (France) and areas of and around Mesopotamia (Iraq) that Easter should be celebrated on a Sunday instead of on Passover, whichever that day occurred on. The Asia Minor church however, stayed fast to the celebration on Passover. Pope Victor at first declared the congregation in Asia Minor excommunicated but under protest seems to have withdrawn and those members of the church were accepted back into the Church. He secured the release of some Christians who were condemned to the mines of Sardinia as a result of his request with the emperor's mistress. His feast day is celebrated on July 28.
Loviisa () is a town in Uusimaa, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 15,500 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Kouvola, Lapinjärvi, Myrskylä, Porvoo and Pyhtää. Loviisa was established in 1745. The people living there speak two languages: Finnish and Swedish.
Masku is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 9740 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Mynämäki, Nousiainen, Rusko, Raisio, Naantali and Taivassalo.  Most people there speak Finnish. Masku is known for the Maskun Kalustetalo, a furniture shop that originally started there.
Nousiainen is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 4,900 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Masku, Mynämäki, Pöytyä, Rusko and Turku.  Most people there speak Finnish. Part of Kurjenrahka National Park is located in part of the area of Nousiainen. Some villages. Hakola, Heininen, Hyrkkö, Kaisela, Kaitarinen, Kallunen, Keskusoja, Kytöinen, Kärmälä, Köönikkälä, Laaleinen, Laihonen, Leinainen, Moijonen, Nummi, Nutturla, Ojankulma, Paijula, Paistanoja, Pakainen, Palo, Papumäki, Puotunen, Rekoinen, Ristimäki, Riukula, Sukkinen, Tappuri, Topoinen, Vastlahti, Kukkola and Mutola
Adelobasileus is an extinct proto-mammal from the Upper Triassic, about 225 million years ago. There is only a partial skull from strata in western Texas. Skull features, like the housing of the cochlea, suggest that "Adelobasileus" is a transitional form in the evolution from cynodonts to end-Triassic mammals. For this reason, it may be close to modern mammals' common ancestor. Their sleek body type suggests they moved very fast.
Aura is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014, 3950 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Lieto, Pöytyä, Rusko, Tarvasjoki and Turku. The municipality was established in 1917. Most people there speak Finnish.
Praça Rui Barbosa (also called Praça da Estação, Station Square in English) is a square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. It has this name because it is close to the "Estação Central de Belo Horizonte" ("Central Station of Belo Horizonte").  The square has the first public clock in the city.
The National War Labor Board (NWLB) was an agency of the United States government created in early 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson which was made up of twelve members from business and labor. The were former President William Howard Taft and attorney Frank Walsh. Its purpose was to make sure labor strikes did not hurt the war effort. The board ended after the war in May 1919. The National War Labor Board was reestablished on January 12, 1942 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The chairman was William Hammatt Davis. This board ended its duties. National War Labor Board WW I. The United States entered World War I in April 1917. Soon the government became concerned that labor strikes might stop the production of military equipment and supplies. In response President Woodrow Wilson created the National War Labor Board. The board recognized the worker's right to organize unions and bargain collectively. Former President Taft and labor attorney Frank Walsh were the co-chairmen. The board had little real power but depended on their ability to negotiate compromises between the two sides. They succeeded in preventing a number of strikes. After Germany was defeated the board was disbanded. In 1919 several strikes broke out in the coal and steel industries. The board supported an eight-hour day for workers and equal pay for equal work regardless of sex. National War Labor Board WW II. The National War Labor Board was started up again by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on January 12, 1942. The chairman was William Hammatt Davis. The board's job was to prevent labor disputes. Also to insure that higher wage settlements did not cause inflation. The board was generally favorable to unions. The board encouraged the use of fringe benefits instead of inflation-causing higher wages. In 1942 the board began a "maintenance of membership" policy which attracted new members into labor unions. Unions understood they had to minimize any activism among their members in order to gain favorable rulings from the NWLB. Dispite the efforts of labor unions there were wartime strikes. Most of these were unauthorized (by the unions) or wildcat strikes (non-union). The CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations), later part of the AFL-CIO
David Krejčí (born April 28, 1986) is a Czech professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) where he serves as their alternate captain. Career. Before playing in the NHL, Krejčí played one season in the Czech Extraliga with HC Kladno and four seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) with the Gatineau Olympiques. He was drafted by the Boston Bruins with the 63rd overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Before playing with Boston, he played a season with their AHL affiliate Providence Bruins. He was called up and played in his first NHL game on January 30, 2007. The game ended in a 7-1 loss against the Buffalo Sabres and Krejčí suffered a concussion from Buffalo right winger Adam Mair. He scored his first hat-trick in a 8–5 Bruins win against the Toronto Maple Leafs. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011 when they defeated the Vancouver Canucks 4-0 in Game 7.
Alexandre Borges Corrêa (born February 23, 1966) is a Brazilian actor. He is known for his works on Brazilians soap operas. He was Cadinho in the Brazilian sitcom "Avenida Brasil" and the journalist Carlos Lacerda in the film Getúlio,
Denis Mostyn Norden, CBE (6 February 1922 – 19 September 2018) was an English comedy writer and television presenter. He was known for presenting the radio programme "My Word!". He also presented "My Music", "Looks Familiar" and blooper shows "It'll Be Alright on the Night" and "Laughter File". He retired in 2006. Norden was born in Mare Street, Hackney, London on 6 February 1922. He studied at City of London School. Norden married Avril Rosen in 1943. She died in July 2018. They had two children. Norden died on 19 September 2018 at a hospital in Hampstead, London at the age of 96.
John Victor Pickstone (29 May 1944 – 12 February 2014) was an English historian of science. He was the Wellcome Research Professor in the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, in the Faculty of Life Sciences of the University of Manchester. He was born and raised in Burnley, Lancashire. Pickstone died after a short illness on 12 February 2014. He was aged 69. He was outlived by his wife and two sons.
René Teulade (17 June 1931 – 13 February 2014) was a French politician and civil servant. He was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Corrèze department. He was a member of the Socialist Party. He was born in Monceaux-sur-Dordogne, Corrèze. Teulade died from a stroke on 13 February 2014 in Paris. He was aged 82.
Mansour Koushan (26 December 1948 – 16 February 2014) was a prominent Iranian author, playwright, poet, journalist and director of movies and plays. He has published 14 collections of poetry and short stories, 7 novels, 12 books of analysis on Culture, Literature, Society and politics, and hundreds of analytical essays, and more than 30 plays. While in Iran, he was an active member of the Council of the Association of Iranian Writers. From 1967 to 1977 he was editor of four independent literary periodicals in Iran. In addition, Koushan presided over the newspaper Takapou in 1996 before it was shut down for being the sole outlet to publish the "1994 Declaration of 134 Iranian Writers," a letter against censorship that would result in the deaths of many of its signatories at the hands of the Iranian regime's secret service. Koushan has directed movies and plays for TV and staged 7 plays by international writers. In December 1998, Koushan traveled to Norway to deliver a speech at the 50th anniversary of the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights Charter. During this time, the first instances of kidnapping and killing of Iranian writers and intellectuals began, and he was forced to remain in exile. Mansour Koushan was the artistic manager and director for the Sølvberg Theater in Stavanger, Norway from 2000 to 2006. He won the 2010 Carl von Ossietzky prize, awarded annually to a writer for his outstanding efforts for human rights and freedom of speech. Koushan died from gastric cancer on 16 February 2014 in Stavanger. He was 65. At the time he was the chief editor of a Persian quarterly on literature culture and art called "Jonge Zaman".
Nelson "Nico" Nicolaiewsky (9 June 1957 – 7 February 2014) was a Brazilian actor, musician, composer and comedian. He was best known for performing with Hique Gomez for over thirty years. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Nicolaiewsky died from leukemia on 7 February 2014 in Porto Alegre, aged 56.
Patricia Janečková (born on 18 June 1998, died on 1 October 2023) was a Slovak singer. She was the winner of the Czecho–Slovak television show "Talentmania" in December 2010. She became internationally famous through the broadcasting of CNN television after the winning. Janečková was born in Germany.
Grant Denyer (born 12 September 1977) is an Australian television presenter and former motor racing driver. He is best known for being the former weather presenter of the Seven Network breakfast television program "Sunrise". He is currently the host of "Deal or No Deal" on Channel 10. Denyer was born Coffs Harbour, New South Wales. He is married to television producer Cheryl Rogers. They have one daughter, Sailor (born 2011).
Nidal Malik Hasan (born September 8, 1970) is a former United States Army Major and psychiatrist. On 5 November 2009 he entered the Soldier's Readiness Center at Fort Hood, Texas. He fired approximately 100 rounds at soldiers in the center. Hasan admitted to the shootings at his court-martial in August 2013. The jury convicted him of 45 counts (crimes) of premeditated murder and attempted premeditated murder. One count each for the 13 soldiers he killed and one count for each of the 32 people he shot at. On 28 August 2013 the same military court sentenced Hasan to death. He is in prison at the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Hasan is awaiting execution while his case is reviewed by appellate courts. Hasan was born in Arlington County, Virginia. His Palestinian parents immigrated to the United States. The shooting was believed to have been bought on by his Islamic religious radicalism. Before the shooting, he communicated with the late American-Yemeni Islamic militant, Anwar al-Awlaki.