ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Messier 87 (also known as M87, Virgo A or NGC 4486) is a supergiant elliptical galaxy. It was discovered in 1781 by the French astronomer Charles Messier, who catalogued it as a nebulous feature. The second brightest galaxy within the northern Virgo Cluster, it is about 16.4 million parsecs (53.5 million light-years) from Earth. Unlike a disk-shaped spiral galaxy, Messier 87 has no distinctive dust lanes. It has an almost featureless, ellipsoidal shape. Luminosity diminishes with distance from the centre. At the core of this unusually large galaxy is an unusually large supermassive black hole. This is a strong source of radiation at many wavelengths, particularly radio waves. This black hole is the first and, to date, the only one for which astronomers have been able to make a direct image. A radio image taken by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 was published on 10 April 2019. The image shows the shadow of the black hole, surrounded by an emission ring with a diameter of . A jet of energetic plasma known as a blazar is thrown out by the black hole at near the speed of light. It goes outward at least . In pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999, the motion of Messier 87's jet was measured at four to six times the speed of light. This motion is probably an optical illusion caused by the relativistic velocity of the jet. Stars. The stars in this galaxy form about one sixth of Messier 87's mass. They are spread out symmetrically, but the density of stars decreases with distance from the core. The galactic envelope extends out to a radius of about , where it stops—possibly cut off by an encounter with another galaxy. Between the stars is a diffuse interstellar medium of gas that has been chemically enriched by elements emitted from evolved stars. Orbiting the galaxy is a huge number of about 12,000 globular clusters, compared to 150200 globular clusters orbiting the Milky Way. Messier 87 is one of the most massive giant elliptical galaxies near Earth, and one of the brightest radio sources in the sky, It is a popular target for both amateur and professional astronomy study.
Eric Braeden (born Hans-Jörg Gudegast; April 3, 1941) is a German-American movie and television actor, best known for his role as Victor Newman on the soap opera "The Young and the Restless", as Hans Dietrich in the 1960s TV series "The Rat Patrol", and as John Jacob Astor IV in the 1997 film "Titanic". Braeden won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1998 for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for the role of Victor Newman. Personal life. Braeden was born in Bredenbek, Germany to German parents. Braeden was educated at the University of Montana. Braeden is married to Dale Russell Gudegast since 1966 and have two children together. Braeden currently lives in Los Angeles, California. In April 2023, Braeden announced he was diagnosed with "high-grade" bladder cancer.
Gerald Isaac "Jerry" Stiller (June 8, 1927 – May 11, 2020) was an American comedian and actor. He spent many years in the comedy team Stiller and Meara with his wife Anne Meara. Stiller and Meara are the parents of Ben Stiller (with whom he co-starred in the movies "Zoolander", "Heavyweights", "Hot Pursuit", and "The Heartbreak Kid") and Amy Stiller. He is best known for his recurring role as Frank Costanza in "Seinfeld" and his supporting role as Arthur Spooner in "The King of Queens". Early life. Stiller was the oldest of four children, Stiller was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Jewish parents, Bella (nee Citrin) and William Stiller, a bus driver. His paternal grandparents immigrated from Galicia, and his mother was born in Poland. Marriage and family. Stiller married Anne Meara in 1954 and had two children together, Ben Stiller and Amy Stiller.  Personal life. Stiller lived in New York City, New York. Death. On May 11, 2020, Stiller died at his home in New York City, New York of natural causes at the age of 92.
Anne Meara (born September 20, 1929 – May 23, 2015) was an American comedian and actress. She and Jerry Stiller were a 1960s comedy team, appearing as Stiller and Meara, and are the parents of actor/comedian Ben Stiller and actress Amy Stiller. Early life. Meara was born in Brooklyn, New York. She is the daughter of Irish immigrant parents, Mary (née Dempsey) and Edward Joseph Meara, a lawyer. Meara was raised in Roman Catholicism, and converted to Reform Judaism six years after marrying Stiller. Death. Meara died on May 23, 2015 at the age of 85 of multiple strokes.
Amy Belle Sawyer Stiller (born August 9, 1961) is an American actress, stand-up comedian and Bikram Yoga instructor.  Early life. She was born in New York, New York. She is the daughter of the Jewish-American comedians Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara, and the older sister of actor Ben Stiller. She graduated from the United Nations International School, in New York City, in 1979.
Bert Randolph Sugar (June 7, 1937 – March 25, 2012) was a boxing writer and sports historian. Biography. Career. Sugar also appeared in several movies playing himself, including "Night and the City", "The Great White Hype" and "Rocky Balboa". Interviews with Sugar feature in "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson". Sugar had been referred to as "Runyonesque" (in reference to Damon Runyon) by Bob Costas, and "one of the foremost historians alive," by the "Boston Globe". Along with Lou Albano, he helped write "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pro Wrestling." He wrote a regular sports column for "Smoke Magazine". Death. A cigar-smoker most of his life, Sugar died from cardiac arrest on March 25, 2012. His family was at his bedside in Northern Westchester Medical Center in Mount Kisco, New York. He had spent his remaining years battling lung cancer.
Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II (March 17, 1936 – October 31, 2023) was a NASA astronaut and a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He was one of the Apollo program astronauts, acting as support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 11. He also was the astronaut who helped with the development of the Apollo spacesuit and backpack. Mattingly should have been on Apollo 13, but he was removed from the crew a few days before the launch because he had been in contact with German measles. He was the Apollo Command Module pilot for Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972), which meant he stayed in orbit around the Moon while John Young and Charles Duke landed on the surface. During this time he performed 26 scientific experiments. He spent 3 days, 9 hours and 28 minutes by himself, the longest solo US space flight. On the return from the Moon, Mattingly completed a 1 hour, 13 minute, spacewalk. After the Apollo missions, Mattingly become a Space Shuttle astronaut and flew two missions. The first was STS-4, from June 26 to July 4, 1982. This was the fourth and final orbital test flight for the Space Shuttle Columbia and Mattingly was the mission commander. STS-4 did 112 orbits of the Earth. His second mission was STS-51C in January 1985 in the Space Shuttle Discovery. Mattingly was again the mission commander for this short trip which launched equipment for the Department of Defense. Mattingly was born in Chicago, Illinois. Educated in Florida, he completed a degree in aeronautical engineering at Auburn University. He joined the navy in 1958 and trained as a pilot. In 1966 he was chosen for the Apollo program. He spent 504 hours in space, and retired from NASA in 1985. Mattingly died in Arlington, Virginia on October 31, 2023 at the age of 87.
Katarina Witt (born 3 December 1965) is a retired German figure skater. She won gold medals at the 1984 and 1988 Winter Olympics and competed in the 1994 Winter Olympics. She also won four World Championships and six European Championships. In 1995, Witt became a member of the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame. Witt was born in East Germany and began skating at the age of five. She went to a special school for athletic children, where she met her coach, Jutta Muller. Witt won the European Championships for the first time in 1983. She won the gold medal in the 1984 Winter Olympics, and also won the World Championships later that year. At the 1988 Winter Olympics, Witt and her rival, Debi Thomas, both performed to Bizet's music from the opera "Carmen." Their competition for first place was called the "Battle of the Carmens." Witt won gold, and her artistic performance became famous. Witt competed in the 1994 Winter Olympics and finished seventh. Afterwards, she retired from competition. Other websites.
Tony Martin (born Alvin Morris, December 25, 1913 – July 27, 2012) was an American actor and singer who was married to performer Cyd Charisse for 60 years. Biography. Early life. Martin was born as Alvin Morris in San Francisco, California, the son of Hattie (née Smith) and Edward Clarence Morris. Career. In movies, he was first cast in a number of bit parts, including a role as a sailor in the movie "Follow the Fleet" (1936), starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. He eventually signed with 20th Century-Fox and then Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in which he starred in a number of musicals. Between 1938 and 1942, he made a number of hit records for Decca Records. Martin was featured in the 1941 Marx Brothers film "The Big Store", in which he played a singer and performed the now infamous (at least with Marx Brothers fans) "Tenement Symphony", which was written by Hal Borne, who became his long-time musical director. Personal life. In 1937 he married Alice Faye, with whom he had starred in several films. They divorced in 1941. Martin remarried, to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse in 1948. They remained married until her death in 2008. They had one son together, Tony Martin, Jr. (August 28, 1950 – April 10, 2011), who predeceased his father. Martin adopted Charisse's son, Nicky, from her first marriage Death. Martin died on the evening of July 27, 2012, of natural causes. He was 98.
Zachary Edward "Zack" Snyder (born March 1, 1966) is an American director, screenwriter, and producer, best known for action/science fiction movies. Career. After making his career debut with the 2004 remake "Dawn of the Dead", he gained wide recognition with the 2007 box office hit "300", adapted from writer-artist Frank Miller's Dark Horse Comics miniseries of 300, and later went on to direct the 2009 superhero film "Watchmen", an adaptation of the Watchmen a comic book of the same name. He is the co-founder of Cruel and Unusual Films, a production company he established in 2004, alongside his wife Deborah Snyder and producing partner Wesley Coller. His first family film was the 2010 animated family adventure film "Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole", based on the first three books of the series by Kathryn Lasky. He directed "Sucker Punch". In recent years, he directed "Man of Steel", "" and "Justice League". After Joss Whedon replaced him in "Justice League", fans petitioned Warner Bros. to release Snyder's version of the movie. In May 2020, his version, titled "Zack Snyder's Justice League", will be released in 2021. Personal life. Snyder was born on March 1, 1966 in Green Bay, Wisconsin. He has been married to Deborah Snyder since 2004. In March 2017, Snyder's daughter committed suicide, forcing Snyder to drop out from the "Justice League" production.
Janine Turner (born Janine Loraine Gauntt; December 6, 1962) is an American movie and television actress. She starred in the television drama "Northern Exposure" (which started in 1990 and ended in 1995) and in the movies "Steel Magnolias" and "Cliffhanger". She was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. Awards and nominations. Emmy Award Golden Globe Award Screen Actors Guild Awards Young Artist Award
Deborah Snyder (née Johnson) is an American producer of movies and television commercials. She is married to moviemaker Zack Snyder. She has often worked with him on movies such as "Watchmen" and "300". She is the co-founder of the production company Cruel and Unusual Films. Personal life. Snyder is currently married to moviemaker Zack Snyder. They met in 1996. They married on September 25, 2004. The wedding was at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York. They currently live in Pasadena, California.
Diane Lane (born January 22, 1965) is an American movie actress. Born and raised in New York City, New York. Lane made her career debut at the age of 13 in George Roy Hill's 1979 movie "A Little Romance", starring opposite Sir Laurence Olivier. Soon after, she was featured on the cover of "Time" magazine. She has since appeared in several notable movie, including the 2002 movie "Unfaithful", which earned her Academy Award, Golden Globes and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. She appeared in Zack Snyder's movie "Man of Steel". She played Hillary Rodham Clinton in the 2013 NBC four-hour miniseries "Hillary". Lane has been married to actor Josh Brolin since 2004. She filed for divorce in February 2013. She was previously married to actor Christopher Lambert from 1988 to 1994.
Richard Hugh Lynch (February 12, 1940 – June 19, 2012) was an Irish-American actor best known for playing villains in movies and television. He often appeared in science fiction productions, including "Battlestar Galactica" (as Wolfe) and its sequel series "Galactica 1980" (as Commander Xaviar). He also appeared in such shows as "Starsky and Hutch", "T. J. Hooker", "The A-Team", "Charmed" and "". Early life. Richard Lynch was born on February 12, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York City to Irish Catholic parents. His younger brother is actor Barry Lynch. Lynch served in the United States Marine Corps.Lynch was trained at The Actors Studio and at the HB Studios. Career. In while acting, Lynch was also a musician and played the saxophone, guitar, piano, and flute. He also enjoyed fishing, poetry, and architecture. He held Republic of Ireland citizenship through his Irish born parents and was a frequent visitor to Ireland. With Barry, the two brothers starred together in the films "Nightforce" and "Total Force". Lynch's wife Lily starred with him in the film "Breaking the Silence" (1998) and son Christopher Lynch starred with him in the science fiction film "Trancers II".  Later career. Through the years, Lynch worked with old friend and colleague Don Calfa in the films "Necronomicon" (1993), "Toughguy" (1995), "Corpses Are Forever" (2003), and "Lewisburg" (2009). Personal life and death. Lynch had married twice — once to Béatrix Lynch (their son Christopher died in 2005 from pneumonia), and later to Lily Lynch. His body was found in his home in Yucca Valley, California on June 19, 2012. It is not known if Lynch died on June 18 or 19. After not having heard from Lynch for several days, friend and actress Carol Vogel went to his home to find the door open and his body in his kitchen. She then called 9-1-1 He was survived by his brother Barry and sisters Carole Taylor and Cathy Jones. News reports following his death incorrectly identified his birth year as 1936, but the LA Times obituary published by his family correctly listed the year as 1940.
Allison Brooks Janney (born November 19, 1959) is an Emmy Award American movie, television and voice actress. She is best known for her roles in the television drama "The West Wing" for which she received several Emmy Awards. She starred in the 1999 Oscar winning movies "American Beauty" and "Juno" as well as many other movies. In 2017, Janney starred as LaVona Fay Golden in the black comedy "I, Tonya". She won an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Satellite Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role as Golden in 2018.
Robert Martin Culp (August 16, 1930 – March 24, 2010) was an American actor, scriptwriter, voice actor and director. Early life. Culp was born in Oakland, California, and graduated from Berkeley High School, where he was a pole vaulter, taking second place at the 1947 CIF California State Meet. He attended the University of the Pacific, Washington University in St. Louis, San Francisco State University, and the University of Washington School of Drama, but never completed an academic degree.  Career. Culp is widely known for his work in television. Culp first earned an international reputation for his role as Kelly Robinson on "I Spy" (1965–1968), the espionage series in which he and co-star Bill Cosby played a pair of secret agents. The 1980's brought him back to TV again, starring as FBI Agent Bill Maxwell on "The Greatest American Hero". He also had a recurring role as Warren Whelan on "Everybody Loves Raymond". In all, Culp gave hundreds of performances in a career spanning more than 50 years. Personal life. Culp married five times and was the father of three sons, Joshua (1958), Jason (1961) and Joseph (1963), and two daughters, Rachel (1964) and Samantha (1982). From 1967 to 1970, he was married to Eurasian actress France Nuyen, whom he had met when she guest-starred on "I Spy". She appeared in four episodes, two of them written by Culp himself. Culp wrote scripts for a total of seven episodes, one of which he also directed. He also wrote scripts for other television series, including "Trackdown", "The Rifleman" and "The Greatest American Hero". Death. Culp died on March 24, 2010, suffering a heart attack while taking a walk in Los Angeles, California. Culp's remains were buried in the Sunset View Cemetery in El Cerrito, California, located not far from his hometown of Oakland.
Lee Wallace (born Leo Melis, July 15, 1930 – December 20, 2020) was an American movie, stage, radio and television actor. Wallace only had movie roles in; "Used People" (1992), "Batman" (1989) as Gotham City's mayor William Borg, "Private Benjamin" (1980) as Mr. Waxman, and as the Mayor of New York City in "The Taking of Pelham One Two Three" (1974), "The Muppets Take Manhattan" as the Mayor of New York City. On Broadway, he appeared in "A Teaspoon Every Four Hours", "Unlikely Heroes", "The Secret Affairs of Mildred Wild", "Molly", "Zalmen or The Madness of God", "Some of My Best Friends", "Grind" and "The Cemetery Club".  Wallace was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 15, 1930 to Celia (née Gross) and Eddie Melis. Wallace died on December 20, 2020 at his New York City home after a long-illness, aged 90.
IC 1101 is a supergiant lenticular galaxy at the center of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster. It, along with its cluster is 1.07 billion light years away in the constellation of Virgo. It has a diameter of 400,000 to 550,000 light-years. Size. The galaxy has a diameter of about 400,000 to 550,000 light-years, as measured using the D25 isophote and the 2MASS survey. It is the central galaxy of a huge galaxy cluster called Abell 2029 which has a mass (mostly dark matter) of roughly 100 trillion times that of the Sun. IC 1101 is also known as A2029-BCG, as it is the brightest member of the aforementioned cluster Abell 2029 . IC 1101 is more than seven times the size of the Milky Way. If it were in place of our galaxy, it would swallow up the Milky Way and some neighboring satellite galaxies, including the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. It also has the largest core of any galaxy, at a core diameter of around 13,000 light-years, bigger than the previous largest core of any galaxy which is at 10,000 light-years, in the elliptical galaxy A2261-BCG .
Vostok 2 (, "Orient 2" or "East 2") was a Soviet space mission. It carried cosmonaut Gherman Titov into orbit for a full day to study the effects of a long period of weightlessness on the human body. Titov orbited the earth over 17 times. Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 had only done one orbit. The flight was an almost complete success. Problems included not turning on a heater which meant the temperature dropped to , a period of space sickness, and problems on re-entry when the reentry module failed to separate cleanly from its service module. Titov took manual control of the spacecraft for a short while. The Soviets admitted that Titov did not land with his spacecraft. Titov said he ejected from his capsule to test another landing system. It is now known that all Vostok program landings were done this way. The re-entry capsule was destroyed during development of the Voskhod spacecraft. As of 2012, Titov is the youngest person to reach space. He was 25 years old at launch.
Delphinus is a genus of dolphin, commonly known as the "Common Dolphin". There are two species in this genus, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus delphis"), and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus capensis"). But some studies say that there is a third species, the "Arabian Common Dolphin" ("Delphinus tropicalis"), which has a long, thin beak and is found in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Description. Both, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin are medium-sized dolphins. Adults grow between the lengths of 1.9 to 2.5 meters (6.2 to 8.2 ft), and weigh around 80 to 235 kg (180 to 520 lb). Males are longer and heavier than females. They are dark grey on the back, the belly is white, and the sides are light grey, gold, or yellow in color.  Behavior. Common Dolphins live in both, warm temperate and tropical waters from 40°N to 50°S. They eat many species of fish like sardines, herrings, and bonitos, octopuses and squids. They are fast swimmers, swimming up to the speed of 60 km per hour. They have made dives up to 200 meters (660 ft) deep.  Reproduction. Common Dolphins are pregnant for around 10 to 11 months before giving birth to young which are 70 to 100 centimeters (2.3 to 3.3 ft) long, and weigh around 10 kg (22 Ib). They give birth to 1 young at a time. Females mature between the age of 2 and 7 years old and males mature between the age of 3 and 12 years old. They live for around 35-40 years. Species. At first it was thought that there was only one species of the Delphinus genus, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus Delphis"). But later, studies showed that there was another species, the Long-beaked Common Dolphin ("Delphinus Capensis"). The difference between the Short
Elizabeth Berkley (born July 28, 1972, in Farmington Hills, Michigan) is an American movie and television actress. She is best known for her role in "Saved by the Bell". She also acted in the 1995 erotic drama "Showgirls", which garnered controversy due to its intense sexuality. Most of her movies are independent movies. Berkley is Jewish.
The Cartwheel galaxy (also known as "ESO 350-40") is a lenticular galaxy about 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor. It is about 150,000 light years across, slightly larger than the Milky Way. It has a mass of about solar masses, and rotates at . It was discovered by Fritz Zwicky in 1941. Zwicky said his discovery was "one of the most complicated structures awaiting its explanation on the basis of stellar dynamics". The Cartwheel galaxy shows radio and optical spokes, but they are not the same spokes. Evolution. The galaxy was a normal spiral galaxy before it had a collision with a smaller galaxy about 200 million years ago. When the nearby galaxy passed through the Cartwheel Galaxy, the power of the collision sent a strong shock wave through the galaxy. Moving at high speed, the shock wave moved gas and dust. This made a starburst around the galaxy's center. This explains the blue colored ring around the center, bright section. It can be seen that the galaxy is beginning to take the shape of a normal spiral galaxy again, as spiral arms (The spokes) are spreading out from a central core. There are other possible explanations of the ring-like appearance.