ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Old Bet (d. 1816) was a female African elephant. She was the second elephant in America. She was the first to be known by a name. She was about four years old when she arrived in Boston on 24 June 1804. She was owned by Edward Savage and exhibited by him in 1805. He sold her to Hachaliah Bailey for a reported $10,000. Bailey sold her but bought her back. He leased her to others for exhibition for the rest of her life. On 25 June 1812, she appeared with the Cayetano and Company circus in New York City and thus became the first elephant to be displayed in a circus in America. She was exhibited for years and earned a considerable amount of money. Old Bet was shot and killed in Shapleigh, Maine, on 26 June 1816 by Daniel Davis, a farmer who claimed the elephant was taking dollars out of the local economy. Bailey raised a monument to Old Bet at his Elephant Hotel in Somers, New York. Her skeleton was displayed in New York City in 1817, and was later acquired by P. T. Barnum for his American Museum.
Oscar Hammerstein II (July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was an American writer. He was born in New York City. In the 1950s, he teamed with Richard Rodgers to write several successful musicals including "Oklahoma!", "Carousel", "South Pacific", "The King and I", and "The Sound of Music". He died of stomach cancer in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, a little while after the opening of "The Sound of Music". Awards. Hammerstein won the Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. The first was in 1941 for "The Last Time I Saw Paris" in "Lady Be Good". The second was in 1945 for "It Might as Well Be Spring" in "State Fair." In 1950, the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards. Six were for lyrics or book. Two were for producing the Best Musical ("South Pacific" and "The Sound of Music"). Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for "Oklahoma!" With Joshua Logan, they won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1950 for "South Pacific". Oscar Hammerstein was a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.
The French Invasion of Russia in 1812, also known as the Russian Campaign in France () and the Patriotic War of 1812 in Russia (), was Napoleon I leading the French Empire to invade Russia. That was the turning point during the Napoleonic Wars, because it was the first major defeat for Napoleon. It greatly reduced the French and allied invasion forces (the "Grande Armée"). It started a major change in European politics by greatly weakened the French power over Europe. French allies, at first Prussia and then Austria, broke their alliance with France. They fought France instead, which started the War of the Sixth Coalition.
The Lawrence Welk Show was an American televised musical variety show. It was hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk with Norma Zimmer appearing as "the Champagne Lady". The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years, from 1951 to 1955, then nationally for another 16 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971, followed by 11 years in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982.
Shirley [ shur-lee ] is a female given name. Shirley is a name with a long and interesting history that spans many centuries. Its origins are English, and the name means either "bright meadow" or "clearing in the woods." Although Shirley is a unisex name, it is typically more popular among girls. This name was especially popular in the 1940s and 1950s. It is still common today. The name was used in the sitcom "Laverne &amp; Shirley" which was on television in the 1970s. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
On 12 July 2013, a train crashed in Brétigny railway station, in Brétigny-sur-Orge. Bretigny is from Paris in Île-de-France. The train was a service from Paris to Limoges. Six people are confirmed dead, 30 are injured, eight of them in a critical state. Of the six dead, two were killed in the railway station, two are from Limoges, and two from Étampes. 385 passengers were on board at the time of the crash. The crash occurred at 17:14 local time, 22 minutes after the train left Austerlitz station at 16:53. If the train had been on schedule, it would have arrived in Limoges at 20:05. The trains and platforms at Brétigny were very busy as it was the Friday before the Bastille Day holiday weekend. The train was not supposed to stop at the station. According to the first reports, the train crashed at high speed and split in two pieces after the third and fourth cars derailed. The crash caused the back four carts to crash into the station platforms. The accident is the most serious rail crash that has happened in France since the 1988 Gare de Lyon rail accident in which 56 people were killed. The French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau (BEA-TT) has announced a search into the accident. SNCF released its findings on 13 July. The company reported that the derailment seemed to have been caused by a track failure. According to SNCF, a steel fishplate connecting two rails had come loose from the station at a set of points, and had become stuck in a track switch. The third and fourth carts came off track when their wheels went over the steel plate. When the problem with the switch became known, SNCF had people check the several thousand such switches on the network. The track has been severely damaged on a length of about . Repairing the track means that the railway station will be closed for all traffic for several days. This also affects Gare d'Austerlitz in Paris, as most trains starting from there take this route
A Jack plane is the most commonly used general purpose plane. It is about long.  The blade is slightly curved for quick removal of material on rough work. It is also used in oblique planning.
Biodegradation is a chemical process in which materials are dissolved by bacteria or other biological elements. If a material is "biodegradable", it means that it can be consumed by microorganisms and turned into compounds that are natural. It is an important process in ecology and waste management. Items that are biodegradable are considered environmentally friendly because they can turn back into elements found in nature. Organic materials, such as those that come from plants and animals, can be degraded aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). Some artificial or inorganic materials can also be biodegraded. It is possible to identify specific microorganisms that are able to biodegrade these materials. In nature, different materials biodegrade at different speeds. Most microorganisms that help biodegradation need light, heat, water and oxygen.
The name Albert [al-bert] is a masculine given name. It comes from the Germanic words "adal" and "beraht", meaning "bright" and "noble". The Spanish version of this name is Alberto. This name has been used for many famous people, including Albert Finney and scientist Albert Einstein. Albert has been a popular name for the past 100 years. This name was ranked #564 on the US Popular Names in 2021.  As "Alberto", this name has been used for Atlantic cyclones every six years since 1982.
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Organisms that have been genetically modified include micro-organisms such as bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals. GMOs are the source of genetically modified foods, and are also widely used in scientific research and to produce goods other than food. 1970–1989. 1976–1977. Although Maxam and Gilbert published their chemical sequencing method two years after the ground-breaking paper of Sanger and Coulson on plus-minus sequencing, Maxam–Gilbert sequencing rapidly became more popular, since purified DNA could be used directly, while the initial Sanger method required that each read start be cloned for production of single-stranded DNA. However, with the improvement of the chain-termination method (see below), Maxam-Gilbert sequencing has fallen out of favour due to its technical complexity prohibiting its use in standard molecular biology kits, extensive use of hazardous chemicals, and difficulties with scale-up. 2000–2009. 2004. The first genetically modified black, blue and red rose made in the lab.
Fortune Head is a headland about from the town of Fortune on the Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland. A thick section of rock along its cliffs is the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). It represents the boundary between the Precambrian era and the Cambrian period, 541 million years ago. Because of its accessibility (easy to get at) and many fossils, Fortune Head was selected in 1992 over similar rock sections in Siberia, Russia, and Meischucum, China. Ecological Reserve. Fortune Head was given full ecological reserve status in 1992 after its selection as the global stratotype. The reserve is in size. The Fortune Head lighthouse also acts as a visitors center. Geology. The Burin Peninsula is part of the Avalon Zone of the Appalachian Orogen, a late Precambrian episode of mountain-building. The stratigraphy is not uniform throughout the region, however. The sediments were probably deposited in shoreline environments along the former Iapetus Ocean. The global stratotype at Fortune Head is made up of sandstones, siltstones, and limestones. Some of these rocks have mud cracks and stromatolites, suggesting that deposition occurred in tidal or, at deepest, continental shelf environments. Fossils. The boundary between the Precambrian and Cambrian is marked by the presence of trace fossils of "Treptichnus pedum", one of the earliest animals. "Treptichnus" is known only by its distinctive burrow pattern, which can be seen at Fortune Head. Fortune Head records the beginning of a period of increasing biological diversity known as the "Cambrian explosion". It has a number of other Cambrian and Precambrian fossils, including early shell fossils, vendotaenid algae, soft-bodied megafossils, and microfossils. Below "Treptichnus", the stratotype at Fortune Head includes traces of the arthropod "Monomorphichnus". More complex fossils appear later.
A chemical nomenclature is a set of rules for creating a system of names ("nomenclature") for chemicals. This is done so that everyone uses the same name for a chemical. The system used most often around the world today is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The IUPAC's rules for naming chemical compounds are written in a series of books. The system for naming organic compounds is written in the "Blue Book". The system for naming inorganic compounds is written in the "Red Book". A third book, called the "Green Book", gives recommendations about the use of symbols for physical quantities. A fourth book, the "Gold Book", contains the definitions of many of the technical terms used in chemistry. Similar books exist for biochemistry, analytical chemistry, macromolecular chemistry, and clinical chemistry. The books do not cover everything, however. Shorter recommendations for specific circumstances are published sometimes in the journal "Pure and Applied Chemistry".
The Monkey's Uncle is a 1965 Walt Disney movie. It is a family-oriented comedy. It was directed by Robert Stevenson. The movie is about a college kid, his chimpanzee, and a "flying machine". It stars Tommy Kirk, Leon Ames, and Annette Funicello. It was the last Disney movie for Kirk and Funicello. Both would sign with American International Pictures for their teen "beach party" movies.
The Misadventures of Merlin Jones is a 1964 Disney movie starring Tommy Kirk, Leon Ames, and Annette Funicello. It is a family-oriented comedy about a high school boy who experiments with hypnosis and creates a mind-reading machine. It was directed by Robert Stevenson. This movie was the next to last Disney movie for both Kirk and Funicello. They would make "The Monkey's Uncle" for Disney in 1965 then sign with American International Pictures for their teen "beach party" movies.
Vera Ann Farmiga (born August 6, 1973 in Passaic County, New Jersey) is an American actress and director. She is known for her role as Lorraine Warren in "The Conjuring" (2013) and "The Conjuring 2" (2016). Early life. Farmiga comes from an immigrant family from Ukraine. She grew up with her six brothers and sisters in a Ukrainian community and learned with six years old the English language. In her youth she was in a Ukrainian folk group. In the beginning she went to a Ukrainian Catholic school and then, she studied at the "School of Visual and Performing Arts" of the Syracuse University. Career. In 1996 she debuted in the Broadway theater play, "Return to Paradise" with Vince Vaughn, Anne Heche and Joaquin Phoenix in 1998. 2000 she played in the film drama "Autumn in New York" as "Lisa Tyler". She played in the action film called "15 Minutes". In 2004 she got an extra price of the Sundance Film Festival. 2005 the "Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards" and the "Independent Spirit Award" for her performance in the film "Down to the Bone". She became famous thanks to the film 2006: "The Departed". The film won four Academy Awards. In "Up in the Air" from the year 2009, she got an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.  She had her directing debut with the film "Higher Ground" (2011). Since 2013 she plays the main role as "Norma Louise Bates" on the series "Bates Motel". Personal life. From 1997-2005 she was married with the actor Sebastian Roche. In 2008 she married Renn Hawkey. They have a son Fynn (*2009) and a daughter Gytta (*2010). She has also a sister called Taissa Farmiga.
Audrey is a feminine given name of Old English origin. There are many versions of "Audrey", including Audie, Audra and Audrea. In the 17th century, the word "tawdry", meaning "cheap and pretentious", came from the name "Saint Audrey". That made use of "Audrey" decline. However, in the 19th century, it was revived. It peaked during the interbellum period in the United States. It reached rank #41 for 2012. Famous people named "Audrey" include Audrey Hepburn, Audrey Meadows and Audrey Tautou. A hurricane with this name struck the southern United States in June 1957.
Teresa Perales Fernández (born on 29 December 1975) is an S5, SB4, SM5 type Spanish swimmer, political person and professional speaker who finished in the top three 22 times in the Paralympic Games, with six of her top three finishes happening at the 2012 London Games. She has the most top three finishes at the Paralympics out of any person from Spain. In 1995, at the age of nineteen, Perales was diagnosed with neuropathy and lost the use of her legs in three months. After the 2000 Paralympics Games, she earned a Diploma in Physiotherapy and married Mariano Menor. She had a baby (named Mariano Menor Jr) with him after the 2008 Games. In addition to swimming, Perales has been a politician, teacher, business person and professional talker. As an Aragonese Party (PAR) political person, she was in office from 2003 to 2007. After she stopped being a political person, she co-wrote an autobiography with her husband. She has no plans to return to office but was on the 2011 ballot for PAR as a member of the Congreso de los Diputados in a symbolic gesture. Perales supports organizations like Doctors Without Borders, Fundación Carlos Sanz and Fundación Vicente Ferrer. Starting swimming at the age of 19, she joined the Aragon-based disability sport club CAI CDM when she was 20 years old. When she was 21 years old, in 1997, she competed in her first Spanish championships, and she finished in the top three several times. In 1998, she first competed for Spain at the IPC (International Paralympic Committee) Swimming World Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand and finished number three in one race. She competed in the 1999 European Championship, 2000 Summer Paralympics, 2001 European Championships, 2002 IPC World Championship, 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2006 IPC World Swimming Championship, and 2008 Summer Paralympics.
The Chechen Wikipedia — () is the Chechen language edition of Wikipedia. The Chechen Wikipedia was created on 28 February 2005. Activity was very low, changes mainly were made by bots. There was discontent with the situation. But after discussion in December 2006, a decision was made to keep the Chechen Wikipedia. On 16 February 2013, there were 1604 articles. After changing administrators team work activated. On 6 June 2013, there were 2200 articles.
The name Jeanne [ jee-nee ] is a female given name which is from French. The name is the equivalent for Joan and Jane. There are many celebrities with the name, including Jeanne Cooper, Jeanne Moreau and Jeanne Calment. Jeanne is an exquisite and ageless appellation that has maintained its popularity for centuries. Originating from France, it is a variant of the name Jane, which carries the meaning of "God is gracious" or "gift from God." The name Jeanne holds a significant legacy and has been adopted by numerous distinguished individuals over the course of history. "Jeanne" was used for three hurricanes in the Atlantic. Hurricane Jeanne in September 2004 killed over three thousand people in the Caribbean Islands and caused heavy damage in eastern Florida. The name "Jeanne" was then retired and replaced with "Julia".
The Anglo-Normans were mainly the sons, grandsons, etc. of the Normans living in England. Most of the Normans came to England at the time of the Norman conquest in 1066. A few Normans had settled in England prior to the conquest. After the conquest the Normans, although few in number, controlled most of England. They often married English wives and their children became Anglo-Norman as a result of being of two cultures.  It was during the reign of Henry I of England the term Anglo-Norman was first used in the Hyde Chronicle. The term Anglo-Norman kingdom is first applied to the reign of William the Conqueror. He was the first to bring both England and Normandy under one ruler.
The House of Normandy is the usual name for the family that were the Dukes of Normandy and Kings of England. they were in power from shortly after the Norman conquest of England and lasted until the House of Plantagenet came to power in 1154. It began with Rollo and his descendants, and from William the Conqueror and his heirs down through 1135. Two of William's grandchildren, Matilda and Stephen of the House of Blois argued over the throne ending the dynasty. The Norman dukes were: The Norman monarchs of England and Normandy were:
Saint Bonaventure (1221–1274) was a scholastic theologian and a cardinal. He is one of the Doctors of the Church, and is remembered by Catholics on 15 July. Saint Bonaventure comes from Bagnoregio. He is the patron of children.
GameRankings was a gaming review website. The website received reviews from other publications and gave an average rating. It had over 315,000 articles relating to more than 14,500 video games. GameRankings was owned by CBS Interactive. Similar websites include GameStats, Metacritic, MobyGames, and TopTenReviews. Shutdown. In late 2019, GameRankings was shutting down, with every link being moved to Metacritic.
The name Sandy [ san-dee ] is a given name. It can be used for both men and women. It is a short form of the names Alexander, Cassandra or Sandra. The name Sandy is commonly understood to mean "defender of mankind," which originates from the Greek name Alexander that means "defender of the people." Sandy is often used as a nickname for Alexander, but it has also become a popular name on its own. Those with the name Sandy are typically perceived as strong and protective, with a natural inclination to assist others. Another meaning of the name Sandy is "from the sandy shore," which comes from the Old English word "sandig" meaning "sandy." Individuals with this name are frequently associated with the beach and the ocean and may enjoy outdoor activities and water sports. They are often seen as adventurous and free-spirited, with a love of exploration and travel. In some cultures, the name Sandy is linked with the color yellow. This is due to the fact that the term "sandy" can also mean "yellowish-brown" in certain contexts. Those with this name may be regarded as optimistic and cheerful, with a sunny disposition and a positive outlook on life. Furthermore, the name Sandy is associated with the element of fire because the word "sandy" can also mean "fiery" or "passionate" in certain contexts. People with this name may be perceived as intense and passionate, with a strong desire to succeed and a fierce determination to achieve their goals.This name is used more for females than for males. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). Notable people by the name include baseball player Sandy Koufax, professional golfer Sandy Lyle, and actresses Sandy Duncan and Sandy Dennis. This name was also used for the fictional dog belonging to Annie in "Little Orphan Annie".  In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeastern United States. The name "Sandy" was later retired and replaced by "Sara".
The name Elena is a female given name. It is pronounced [ el-"uh"-n"uh", "uh"-ley-n"uh"; "Italian" e-le-nah ]. It is a pan-European variation of Helen, which dates to the 12th century. Elena is a Greek moniker that signifies "radiant, gleaming light." This is a lovely name that is frequently connected with brilliance, loveliness, and elegance. "Elena" was among the most popular female names given to girls in Russia in 2004, and third most popular in North Macedonia in 2006. This name was ranked #53 on the US Popular Names in 2021.  Hurricane Elena went across the Gulf Coast of the United States in late August/early September 1985. The name "Elena" was then retired and replaced by "Erika".
Christina (or Cristina) is a female given name. It is pronounced [kri-stee-nuh]. Christina is a name with Greek roots that translates to "Christ's follower". It's a feminine version of the name Christian, which has its origins in the Latin word Christus, meaning "anointed one". The name has been used for many saints. Celebrities with the name include Christina Aguilera, Christina Hendricks, Christina Ricci, Christina Applegate and Christina Milian.This name was ranked #629 on the US Popular Names in 2021. As "Cristina", the name has been used for tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Region.
A light-second is a unit of length equal to the distance light in empty space travels in one second, and is exactly 299,792,458 meters. The light-second is used in telecommunications, astronomy, and physics. In telecommunications, it measures how much time it must take to send a signal a certain distance.
Mélanie Laurent (born 21 February 1983), is a French actress, Director and singer. She was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. Her father a voiceover actor, and her mother a ballerina. She grew up in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. She made her acting debut at the age 16. In 2006, she has starred in French drama film "I'm Fine, Don't Worry" ("Je vais bien, ne t'en fais pas"), for which she won a César Award for Most Promising Actress. In 2009, she was cast for her role as Shosanna Dreyfus in the Quentin Tarantino film Inglourious Basterds. Laurent singing career began in 2011 and she released her debut studio album, titled "En t'attendant".