ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Motivation is an important part of psychology. It is the driving force by which people (or animals) get what they want. A motive is the reason for an action taken. Motivation arouses a person to act towards a desired goal. It is a driving force which promotes action. For example, hunger is a motivation which causes a desire to eat. "Motivation is an energizer of behavior". It is the purpose or psychological cause of an action. With animals, motivation is caused by basic needs: needs for food, water, warmth, safety, mating, protecting the young, defending territory, needs to escape pain and threats... The drive to do these things is instinctive, inborn, and triggered by circumstance. With humans, whose mental life is much more complex, motivation is more complicated. Obviously, humans feel the need for food and water, avoid pain and so on. But they are also capable of having long-term plans which are more difficult to understand. Drives. A drive or desire is "a deficiency or need that activates behaviour aimed at a goal or an incentive".&lt;ref name="Drive/Desire"&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Drives may arise inside or outside an organism. External drives for humans are rewards and punishments, and can be quite subtle: a frown or a smile may be sufficient for a young person. Drives often occur "within" the individual and may not need external stimuli to encourage the behaviour. An example is the sexual drive which is driven by our hormone system. The desire for sex is wired deep into the brain of all human beings as glands secrete hormones that travel through the blood to the brain and stimulates the onset of sexual desire. The process is started by the brain's hypothalamus, which releases pulses of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). This starts a whole chain of reactions which we call "puberty". Longer term, the hormone supporting male sex drive is testosterone, and for women testosterone and oestrogen. By contrast, outside rewards and stimuli are used in training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), or Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), is a hormone synthesized and released from neurons in the hypothalamus. GnRH occurs in all vertebrates. This single hormone controls all the complex processes which prepare the male and female for successful reproduction. GnRH releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.  GnRH activity is very low during childhood, and is activated at puberty or adolescence. During the reproductive years, it is critical for successful reproductive function as controlled by feedback loops. However, once a pregnancy is established, GnRH activity is not required.
Southern hip hop (also known as Southern rap, South Coast hip hop, or dirty south) is a type of hip hop music that comes from the Southern United States.  Many early Southern rap artists released their music independently or on mixtapes after finding it difficult to obtain record-label contracts in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, many Southern artists had achieved national success. Over the decade, Southern hip-hop varieties, both mainstream and underground, have become among the most popular and influential of the entire genre. In 2003 a documentary movie called "Dirty States of America: The Untold Story of Southern Hip-Hop" was released.
Ole Ernst (16 May 1940 – 1 September 2013) was a Danish actor. He appeared on many movies and television shows from 1967 to 2013. He starred in the 1983 movie "Der er et yndigt land". It won an Honourable Mention at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival. Ernst died on 1 September 2013, aged 73, from undisclosed causes.
Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist. He was a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School. Coase won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991.  Early life. Ronald Harry Coase was born in Willesden, Middlesex, on 29 December 1910. As a child, Coase had a weakness in his legs, which is why he had to wear leg-irons. Education. Due to this problem, he attended the school for physical defectives. At the age of 12, he was able to enter at the Kilburn Grammar School on scholarship. Coase attended the London School of Economics, where he received a bachelor of commerce degree in 1932. Career. After studying with the University of London External Programme in 1927–29, Coase entered the London School of Economics, where he took courses with Arnold Plant. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991. Coase became the oldest living Nobel laureate before his death in 2013. Personal life. Coase was married to Marian Hartung from 1937 until his death in 2013. They had no children.  Death. Coase died in Chicago, Illinois on 2 September 2013 from natural causes. He was 102 years old.
Frederik George Pohl, Jr. (November 26, 1919 – September 2, 2013) was an American science fiction writer, editor and fan. His career has spanned over seventy-five years — from his first published work, the 1937 poem "Elegy to a Dead Satellite: Luna", through the 2011 novel "All the Lives He Led" and articles and essays published in 2012. Pohl was born on November 26, 1919, in New York City, New York. His family moved to Brooklyn when Pohl was around seven. Pohl studied at Brooklyn Technical High School, but dropped out at the age of 17. Pohl was married to Judith Merril from 1949 until they divorced in 1953. They had one child. He married Carol Metallica in 1952; they divorced in 1982. He was married to Elizabeth Ann Hull from 1984 until his death in 2013. Pohl died on September 2, 2013, in Palatine, Illinois from respiratory failure, aged 93.
Valérie Benguigui (6 November 1965 – 2 September 2013) was a French actress and theater director. She took acting classes at the Cours Florent and the National Chaillot Theatre School. Her first movie role was in Francis Huster's "On a volé Charlie Spencer" (1986). Benguigui was born on 6 November 1965 in Paris, France. She was married to Eric Wapler until her death in 2013. They had two children. Benguigui died on 2 September 2013 from breast cancer in her Paris home, aged 47.
Remy or Rémy is a French name. It might mean: Remy is a name of an annoying boy he is totally not french Go on to simple Isabelle it will be a bad report but it is all fake sorry about this little dushbag he has a weird name od not name your child this or yourself
Developmental coordination disorder is a chronic disability that affects coordination. It is also known as developmental motor coordination disorder, developmental dyspraxia or dyspraxia. Around 2-6% of people have dyspraxia. Four times as many males than females have it. It is sometimes called 'clumsy child syndrome', but adults have it too. Most people with dyspraxia have other disabilities such as ADHD or autism and Hypermobility.  There is no single cause of dyspraxia. It may not appear until later in childhood or sometimes even in adolescence. It cannot be cured: people who have it will live with it for life, however people are able to overcome it and find alternative ways to accomplish tasks which may usually be difficult without support. Associated disorders. People who have developmental coordination disorder may also have one or more of these conditions: Famous people with dyspraxia. Daniel Radcliffe has dyspraxia.
James Lance Bass (born May 4, 1979) is an American pop singer, dancer, actor, film and television producer, and author. He grew up in Mississippi and became famous as a singer in the American pop boy band NSYNC. NSYNC's success led Bass to work in film and television. He starred in the 2001 film "On the Line", which his company, Bacon &amp; Eggs, also produced. Bass later formed a second production company, Lance Bass Productions, as well as a now-defunct music management company, Free Lance Entertainment, with Mercury Records. In 2006 he came out as gay. Bass has Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. A book that Bass wrote about his life so far, "Out of Sync", was published in 2007. In September 2013 Bass became engaged to Michael Turchin.
Ian "H" Watkins (born 8 May 1976) is a Welsh singer, dancer and actor. He was born in Cwmparc. He is best known for being a member of the British pop group Steps. He has said that "H" stands for "hyperactive", describing his character. After Steps broke up in 2001, he formed a singing duo with Claire Richards, who was also a Steps member. They released their music under the name H &amp; Claire. In January 2007 he came out as gay. In the same month, he was a housemate in "Celebrity Big Brother".
Pippi Longstocking () is a fictional character who originally appeared in a series of children's books by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren. The character has since adapted into several movies and television series. Pippi means "quirky" in old Swedish slang. She was named by Lindgren's daughter Karin, who was nine years old at the time. She had asked for a story from her mother one day when she was home sick from school. Pippi is an unusual and spirited nine-year-old girl. She has superhuman strength, and is easily able to lift her horse with one hand. She often mocks and tricks adults she encounters; she usually reserves her worst behaviour for the most condescending adults. Pippi only really gets angry when someone treats her horse badly. Like Peter Pan, Pippi does not want to grow up. She is the daughter of a pirate captain and has adventurous tales to tell. She has four best friends: her horse, a monkey, and the neighbour's children Tommy and Annika. The first three Pippi Longstocking books were published by Rabén and Sjögren from 1945 to 1948. Another series of six books were published between 1969 and 1975. Two final stories were printed in 1979 and 2000. The books have been translated into 64 languages. Books. There are three full-length Pippi Longstocking books: There were three original picture books that were translated into English: There are many picture books and short books based on parts of chapters from the original three, including: Adaptations. Movies. The first movie about Pippi Longstocking was filmed in 1949. The movie was based on three of the books, but several storylines were changed and characters were removed and added. Pippi's character was played by Viveca Serlachius. It was directed by Per Gunvall and released on October 20, 1950. An American movie version from Columbia Pictures was released in 1988. It was called "The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking", although it actually just retold the original story. The movie was directed by British director Ken Annakin. It starring
The Black Eye Galaxy (or Sleeping Beauty Galaxy; Messier 64, M64, Evil Eye Galaxy or NGC 4826) was discovered in 1779. It is a fairly close galaxy, just over 24 million light years away. It has a spectacular dark band of absorbing dust in front of its bright nucleus. This is why it is called the "Black Eye" or "Evil Eye" galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers because it can be seen in small telescopes. It is a spiral galaxy in the Coma Berenices constellation. Galactic collision. The gas in the outer areas of M64 rotates in the opposite direction to the gas and stars in the inner areas. The inner area has a radius of only about 3,000 light-years, while the outer area extends another 40,000 light-years Many new stars are near the edges between the two areas. Astronomers think the oppositely rotating gas happened when M64 took in a galaxy that collided with it. This happened over a billion years ago. New stars are forming in the shear region. The shear region is where the oppositely rotating gases collide, are pushed together, and get smaller.  The image shows hot, blue young stars that have just been made. There are pink clouds of glowing hydrogen gas that fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light from newly made stars. The small galaxy that collided with M64 has now been almost completely destroyed. Its stars are either in the main galaxy or scattered into intergalactic space. The motion of gas at the outer edge of M64 is a sign of the ancient collision.
Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is a prominent galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop at his home in New South Wales, Australia.  NGC 5128 is either a Hubble type lenticular galaxy or a elliptical galaxy. It is 1016 million light-years away. NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth. Its active center has been well studied. The galaxy is the fifth brightest in the sky, and is an ideal amateur astronomy target. The galaxy is only visible from low northern latitudes and the southern hemisphere. Spitzer Space Telescope studies have confirmed that Centaurus A is colliding with, and devouring, a smaller spiral galaxy. Like other starburst galaxies, the collision produced the intense burst of star formation.  The center of the galaxy has a supermassive black hole. Its mass is about 55 million solar masses. This ejects a relativistic jet with emissions in the X-ray and radio wavelengths. Astronomers have taken radio observations of the jet ten years apart. They found that the inner parts of the jet are moving at about half the speed of light. X-rays are produced further out as the jet collides with surrounding gas. This produces highly energetic particles. The radio jets of Centaurus A are over a million light years long.
Marble Arch is a white Carrara marble monument which is on a large traffic island. It is at the junction of Oxford Street, Park Lane, and Edgware Road, almost directly opposite Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park in the City of Westminster, London. Historically, only members of the royal family and the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, have been allowed to pass through the arch in ceremonial procession. The name "Marble Arch" today usually refers to the area in West London where the arch is, at the southern end of Edgware Road. There is also a Marble Arch underground station nearby. History. Until 1851 it stood in front of Buckingham Palace. The arch was designed in 1825 by John Nash as a ceremonial entrance to the courtyard of the new Buckingham Palace. He was rebuilding the palace from the former Buckingham House. The palace, as designed by Nash, was laid out around three sides of the courtyard, with the Marble Arch placed on its open eastern side.
The thou (abbreviation th) or mil (mainly United States) is a unit of length in the Imperial System and the United States Customary Units. It is equal to of an inch. This is not to be confused with the old form of "you". Etymology. Thou comes from the Germanic languages, a shortening of "thousandth". Mil comes from the Romance languages, a shortening of "mille". History. The thou was introduced in 1844 by Joseph Whitworth as a substitute to traditional fractions such as which cannot be defined simply in hundredths unlike (0.25) or (0.5). Traditional fractions continued to be used, as they were a substantial part of other units of length. Usage. The thou is used in engineering and manufacturing mostly.
Knock Madness is the third studio album by American rapper Hopsin. It was released on November 24, 2013 through Funk Volume. It has so far been supported by the singles "Old Friend", "Hop Is Back", and "Rip Your Heart Out" featuring Tech N9ne. The album debuted at #132 on the Billboard 200 and sold 4,000 copies in the United States. A week after it was released, the album rose to #76 on the Billboard 200 and sold 12,000 more copies.
The Yard (abbreviation yd, plural sometimes yds) is a unit of length in the Imperial System and United States Customary Units. The word "yard" comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for a straight rod. History. A yard has always been 3 feet, although the length of a foot has changed frequently throughout history. In 1959, the International Yard and Pound Agreement was signed between the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Canada. It was defined as 0.9144 metres. The United States continued to use the old yard under the name 'Survey Yard' Usage. Roadsigns in the United Kingdom are in miles and yards, rarely in Canada and the Republic of Ireland. It can also be used as a measure of area (square yard) and as a measure of volume (cubic yard). It is also used to measure pitches and fields for a number of sports that originated from English speaking countries. It finds seldom use in other metricated Commonwealth Nations.
Shohreh Solati (, born Fatemeh Solati on January 4, 1959, in Tehran) is an Iranian singer. She is among the most active and prolific Iranian female singers. Since the Iranian Revolution, she has continued her music career outside the country. She is divorced with a daughter and lives in Los Angeles, California.
Godzilla is a 2014 action adventure science fiction monster movie. It is based on the Japanese movie monster of the same name. It is the second "Godzilla" movie to be made by an American movie studio, after the 1998 movie of the same name. It retells how Godzilla got started in the modern day as a "terrifying force of nature". It was produced by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. Pictures, and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures worldwide (except in Japan, where it was distributed by Toho). It was released on May 16, 2014. Plot. The movie has Godzilla fight against giant monsters called M.U.T.O.s who put the Earth in danger. Future. The movie's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of its own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise, with ' set to be released in 2019 and "Godzilla vs. Kong" to be released in 2020 with Godzilla set to battle with King Kong from ' (2017).
National Art Museum of Azerbaijan is the biggest art museum of Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1936 in Baku and in 1943 was named after Rustam Mustafayev, a famous Azerbaijani theater stage designer and theater artist. The museum's collection includes over 15,000 artworks. There are over 3,000 items in 60 rooms on permanent display. About 12,000 items are kept in storage. The museum often changes the temporary displays so that more of these stored artworks can be displayed for a short time. The museum is made up of two buildings standing next to each other. The displays. Seven of the rooms in the first building show European art, and ten rooms show Russian art. European art includes artworks of Italian (Guercino, Leandro Bassano, Francesco Solimena, Lorenzo Bartolini), French (Jules Dupré, Gaspard Dughet, Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant), Dutch/Flemish (Frans Hals, Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, Adriaen Brouwer, Adriaen van Ostade, Justus Sustermans, Pieter Claesz), German (Johann Heinrich Roos, Fritz August Kaulbach) and Polish (Jan Styka) painters. The second building built in 1885 houses Eastern art, represented particularly by Persian, Turkish, Chinese and Japanese art. Russian art is represented notably by paintings of Karl Briullov, Alexey Venetsianov, Vasily Vereshchagin, Isaac Levitan, Vladimir Makovsky, Valentin Serov, Vladimir Borovikovsky, Vasily Tropinin, Konstantin Korovin and Ivan Shishkin. There are also restored artworks of Russian avant-garde. Among Azerbaijani artists represented are painters Mir Mohsun Navvab, Bahruz Kangarli, Tair Salakhov, Azim Azimzade, Salam Salamzade, Vidadi Narimanbekov, Mikail Abdullayev, Togrul Narimanbekov and sculptor Omar Eldarov. The works of Sattar
Antonino Rocca (born Antonino Biasetton, April 13, 1927 – March 15, 1977) was an Italian professional wrestler. Career. He was trained by professional wrestler Stanislaus Zbyszko in Argentina. During his professional wrestling career, he was known for his unique, acrobatic, off-the-ground, flying wrestling style. Rocca was responsible for the revival of the New York City Metropolitan-Area territory in the late 1940s which would eventually become part of the modern World Wrestling Entertainment. Rocca would become one of the most well-known wrestlers in America during the golden age of television and had an uninterrupted seven-year run of headlining or co-headlining every main-event at the Garden. Aside from singles competition, Rocca had a successful tag team career with Miguel Pérez. Both Rocca and Pérez were known for drawing huge crowds to Madison Square Garden on a regular basis. During the early 1950s, he held two regionally-recognized versions of professional-wrestling's world heavyweight singles-championship while he still headlined nationwide in territories where other wrestlers were the recognized champs. In 1949, he competed for the New York City-area territory owned by Joseph Raymond "Toots" Mondt and the Johnston family of promoters. He was considered to be the box-office draw that helped bring wrestling back to Madison Square Garden, on a regular basis, for the first time since 1938. In 1957, during a match against Dick the Bruiser, a riot erupted at Madison Square Garden when Rocca was busted open by Dick the Bruiser. He formed a successful tag team with Jose Miguel Perez in 1957. They won the NWA Capitol World Tag Team Championship. They were never defeated after winning the title but it was abandoned after around five years. During 1959 and 1960, he briefly worked with Kola Kwariani and Jack Pfefer, who took effective control of the Garden's wrestling office. Rocca set the post-World War II record for wrestling-attendance at Madison Square Garden's 49th–50th Street location, drawing 21,950 fans in a singles-match
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas). The motion is caused by fast-moving atoms or molecules that hit the particles. Brownian Motion was discovered in 1827 by the botanist Robert Brown. In 1827, while looking through a microscope at particles trapped in cavities inside pollen grains in water, he noted that the particles moved through the water; but he was not able to find out what was causing this motion.  Atoms and molecules had long been theorised as the main parts of matter. Albert Einstein published a paper in 1905 that explained in precise detail how the motion that Brown had observed was a result of the pollen being moved by individual water molecules. This was one of his first big contributions to science, and convinced many scientists that atoms and molecules exist. It was further verified experimentally by Jean Perrin in 1908. The direction of the force of atomic bombardment is constantly changing, and at different times the particle is hit more on one side than another, leading to the seemingly random nature of the motion. There are too many molecular impacts making the Brownian pattern, so no scientific model can account for all of them. That is why only probabilistic models of molecular populations can be used to describe it. Two such models of the statistical mechanics were made by Einstein and Smoluchowski. Another, pure probabilistic kind of models are stochastic process models. There exist both simpler and more complicated stochastic processes which in extreme ("taken to the limit") may describe the Brownian Motion (see random walk and Donsker's theorem). Norbert Wiener also studied Brownian Movement, with greater mathematical precision. History. The Roman Lucretius's scientific poem "On the Nature of Things" (c. 60 BC) has a description of Brownian motion of dust particles in verses 113–140 from Book II. He uses this to help people know for sure of the existence of atoms: "Observe what happens when sunlight is let into a building and small building light on its shadowy places. You will see an amount of tiny particles moving in an amount of ways..." While Jan Ingenhousz described the
Kylie is the first album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, released on 4 July 1988. The album was produced by Stock, Aitken and Waterman, who also wrote nine of the ten songs. Mostly a dance-pop album, it also contains many bubblegum pop elements. Track listing. All songs written and produced by Mike Stock, Matt Aitken and Pete Waterman, except where noted.