ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The "Parson's Cause" was a legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia. Many people think it was an  important event leading up to the American Revolution. The case was about the payment of clergy of the Anglican Church in Virginia. At the time, a lot of tobacco was planted in Virginia. It was one of the commodity crops of the colony. The colony of Virginia had passed laws in 1748: These laws said that Virginia's Anglican clergy were to be paid 16,000 pounds of tobacco per year.  The problem was that the harvest of tobacco was poor in 1758. Because of that, the price of tobacco in Virginia rose from from two to six pennies per pound. This also meant the salary of clergy effectively tripled, that year. The state of Virginia was forced to act, and passed a law called the "Two Pennies Act": This law allowed the state authorities to pay the clergy in currency, instead of tobacco. It also fixed the exchange rate of tobacco: it said that for these payments, the state should take a rate of two  pennies per pound of tobacco.  King George III of Great Britain vetoed the law, causing an uproar in the colony. Many Virginia legislators saw the king's veto as a breach of their legislative authority. Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue. Patrick Henry was the person who argued in favor of colonial rights in the case. He was relatively unknown at the time. The Reverend James Maury had sued in Hanover County Court (April 1, 1762) for back wages on behalf of all the ministers involved: he effectively became a representative of the British cause. The court ruled (Nov. 5, 1763) that Maury's claim was valid, but that a jury had to determine the amount of damages. This jury was called for in December 1763. Patrick Henry rose to prominence by defending Hanover County against Maury's claims. Henry argued in favor of the Two Penny Act. As reported by the plaintiff Maury in a letter (Dec. 12,
Hans Hürlimann (6 April 1918 –22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974-1982). He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973. He served until 31 December 1982 when Alphons Egli took office. He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. During his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1979.
France is a country in Europe. France may also refer to: People. In French-speaking countries, France may also be a woman's first name: On rarer occasions, it may also be a surname:
Jagmeet Singh Dhaliwal (born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He is the leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada right now. He became the leader in 2017. He used to be a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2017. He represented the electoral district of Bramalea—Gore—Malton. After the leadership election, he became the first person of a visible minority to become the permanent leader of a major federal political party. Biography. Jagmeet Singh was born on January 2, 1979 in Scarborough, Ontario. His parents were Harmeet Kaur and Jagtaran Singh, who both came from the state of Punjab in India. He started his career as a criminal defense lawyer. Singh was first elected in the 2011 Ontario provincial election. He represented the ONDP. In 2015, he became the Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democrats under Andrea Horwath until 2017. Singh announced he would run for leadership of the federal New Democratic Party of Canada to replace Tom Mulcair which he won. He did not have a seat in the House of Commons until March 2019. This was when he won a seat in Burnaby South, British Columbia in a by-election. Political views. Singh has branded himself a progressive and a social democrat. Singh supports LGBTQ rights.
The Ohio Fireworks Derecho was a severe wind storm that happened on July 4, 1969. The storm started in southeast Michigan and entered northwestern Ohio near the Toledo area and moved into the Sandusky and Cleveland areas also western Pennyslvania, including the Pittsburgh area before ending at midnight near the borders of Pennyslvania, West Virginia, and Maryland.
Brad J. Dye, Jr. (December 20, 1933 – July 1, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Charleston, Mississippi. Dye served three 4-year terms as 27th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1980 until 1992. He served under William Winter, William Allain and Ray Mabus. Dye was a member of the Democratic Party. Dye died of respiratory failure on July 1, 2018 in Ridgeland, Mississippi at the age of 84.
Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Democratic Party.  Mabus served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus also served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996. In 2012, he appeared in the movie "Battleship" as the Commanding Officer of USS Ronald Reagan.
Bukalapak is an online marketplace in Indonesia, owned and run by PT. Bukalapak. History. Bukalapak was founded by Achmad Zaky in early 2010 as a digital agency division named Suitmedia, based in Jakarta. However, Bukalapak has only been a Limited Liability Company (PT) in September 2011 and is managed by management led by Achmad Zaky as CEO (Chief Executive Office) and Nugroho Herucahyono as CTO (Chief Technology Officer). Users. In one day, Bukalapak visited more than 2 million visits. Until now, Bukalapak has 7 million sold by users (as of December 2015) and is in position 11 major sites in Indonesia based on Alexa.
Richard Feagler (July 29, 1938 – July 1, 2018) was an American journalist, playwright and television personality. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He entered journalism in 1963, writing obituaries for the "Cleveland Press". In 1970 Feagler started a regular feature column that continued until the "Press" closed in 1982. He won a Peabody Award in 1991. He was the host of "Feagler &amp; Friends", a weekly half-hour discussion program on WVIZ until 2013. Feagler died July 1, 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 79.
Gordon Hillman (29 July 1943 – 1 July 2018) was a British archaeobotanist. He worked as Professor in Archaeobotany (Palaeoethnobotany) at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. He was awarded the Distinguished Economic Botanist award by the Society for Economic Botany in 2004. Hillman died on 1 July 2018 in London of complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 74.
Patrick Finnegan (September 20, 1949 – July 2, 2018) was a United States Army Brigadier General. He served as president of Longwood University from 2010 to 2012. Finnegan served 39 years in the U.S. Army, retiring in 2010 after serving as the 12th Dean of the Academic Board at the U.S. Military Academy. He was born in Fukuoka, Japan, but raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Finnegan died in Farmville, Virginia on July 2, 2018 from a heart attack, aged 68.
Ángel Roberto Seifart (12 September 1941 – 2 July 2018) was a Paraguayan politician. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay. Seifart was minister of education in the military government of Andrés Rodríguez. In 1993, he was elected Vice President of Paraguay as running mate of Juan Carlos Wasmosy for the period from 15 August 1993 to 15 August 1998 and also a minister in the cabinet of Raúl Cubas Grau. Seifart died in Asunción on 2 July 2018 from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 76.
Mario Abdo Benítez (born 10 November 1971) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as president of the Senate of Paraguay. Abdo Benítez is the 51st President of Paraguay from 15 August 2018 to 15 August 2023.
Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti (born December 15, 1938) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from August 15, 1993 until August 15, 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years. In 2002, Wasmosy was convicted of defrauding the Paraguayan state and was himself sentenced to four years in prison. The sentence was later appealed.
Georges-Emmanuel Clancier (3 May 1914 – 4 July 2018) was a French poet, novelist, and journalist. He won the Prix Goncourt (poetry), the Grand Prize of the Académie française, and the grand prize of the Société des gens de lettres. From 1955 to 1970, he worked in Paris as secretary general of the programming committees of Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, (which later became the ORTF). In 1956 he published "Le Pain noir", a series of novels in which he told, until 1961. He was President of the PEN of France from 1976 to 1979, where he worked in the defense of writers threatened, detained, deported or exiled. In 1980 he was Vice-President of the French Commission for UNESCO, in 1987 Vice President of International PEN, and chairman of the House of Writers which was founded in 1986 to 1990.  Clancier turned 100 in May 2014 and died on 4 July 2018 from pneumonia in Paris, aged 104.
The President of Paraguay () is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government. The President is limited to a single five-year term. it was ultimately rejected. The Presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The Presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción. Once Presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of Senator for life. The current President of Paraguay is Santiago Peña, since 15 August 2023. He was elected in 2023. Living former presidents. There are seven living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Alfredo Stroessner (1963–1989), on 16 August 2006.
Luis Ángel González Macchi (born December 13, 1947) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003. On December 4, 2006, González Macchi was sentenced to eight years in prison for fraud and embezzlement. The sentence was appealed.
Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos (born 11 October 1956) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2003 to 2008. Nicanor Duarte announced his resignation as president, in order to assume a position as Senator on 1 July 2008. He presented his resignation on 23 June 2008 to the President of the Congress of Paraguay, Senator Miguel Abdón Saguier.
Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. He was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005. In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process, which some people believed it was a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections. In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.
Luis Federico Franco Gómez (born 24 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from June 2012 until August 2013. He is a member of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA). He was elected as Vice President of Paraguay in the 2008 presidential election as the running mate of Fernando Lugo. He started as president in August 2008. Following Lugo's impeachment by the Senate on 22 June 2012, he replaced Lugo as President and was president until 15 August 2013, which was the end of period Lugo was elected for.
The President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay () is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. The President of the Republic is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces. The President is elected direct popular election for a term of five years. He may be reelected any number of times, but is ineligible for immediate reelection.  Since 1990, the President's term has begun and ended on March 1. The current President is Yamandú Orsi. Living former presidents. There are three living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010, 2015–2020), on 6 December 2020.
Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG, (, known as Cuqui (born July 13, 1941) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995. In August 1978 Lacalle was sent three bottles of wine tainted with poison The case remains unsolved. His son is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, the 42nd President.
Aquatic locomotion is animals and other organisms moving through water. The surface of the world is mostly covered with water, and all major animal phyla started life in the water. The earliest fossils we have are those of stromatolites, which are mat-like structures formed by photosynthetic bacteria in the sea. Even animals which evolved on land have often returned to the water, even though they usually continue to breath air. There are aquatic insects, reptiles, mammals and birds. We don't quite know when the first animals and plants evolved, but some guesstimates have been made. Acritarchs are present from about 3200 to 1400 million years ago to the present. That's a wide time-range which means we cannot be sure when they evolved. They seem to have been grazed (eaten) by some early forms of life. Probably some kind of protist developed using existing life forms as food. Locomotion is needed to find the right place in the seas, and to eat and avoid being eaten. All advanced forms of life, and many primitive forms of life, use locomotion. Propulsion systems. Microorganisms. The simplest propulsive systems evolved in microorganisms. Cilia and flagella are used. Swimming has evolved a number of times in more complex life-forms. Examples include arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Ciliates have hundreds or thousands of small flagella called cilia to move through the water. Certain organisms such as bacteria and animal sperm have a flagellum to move in liquid environments. Invertebrates. All aquatic invertebrates swim at some stage in their lives, and many swim for their entire life. All jellyfish swim by pulsing their cup-shaped bodies. Crustaceans swim with their legs. Some molluscs swim all their lives, some only as larvae. Squid and octopods swim quite vigorously by 'jet propulsion'. They squirt water out to move. There are a very large number of insects which are aquatic as larvae or adults. Almost all use their legs for swimming. They are air-breathing, and carry air with them as they swim.
The Church of North India (CNI) is a major Protestant denomination in northern India. It is a united church established on 29 November 1970 by bringing together the main Protestant churches working in northern India; it is a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is one of the three successors of the Church of England in South Asia, the others being the Church of Pakistan and the Church of South India. The merger resulted from discussions begun in 1929; it came eventually between the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the United Church of Northern India (Congregationalist and Presbyterian), the Baptist Churches of Northern India (British Baptists), the Church of the Brethren in India, which withdrew in 2006, the Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences) and the Disciples of Christ denominations. The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of the Republic of India with the exception of the four states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and has approximately 1,250,000 members (0.1% of India's population) in 3,000 pastorates.
Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba ( "al-Ḥabīb Būrqībah"; 3 August 1903 – 6 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman. Bourguiba served as the country's leader from independence in 1956 to 1987. He first served as the second Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia before proclaiming the Tunisian Republic in 1957 and thus becoming the first President of Tunisia. Before to that, he played a major role in obtaining independence from France, ending the 75 years old protectorate and earning the title of "Supreme Combatant".
Bad Education is a 2004 Spanish drama movie. The movie was written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. It was released on 19 March 2004 in Spain and on 10 September 2004 in Mexico. It was also shown at many international film festivals, such as Cannes, New York City, Toronto and Moscow. Plot. In 1980 Madrid, young movie director Enrique Goded is looking for his next project. He gets the unexpected visit of an actor looking for work. The actor says he's Enrique's boarding school friend and first love, Ignacio Rodriguez. Ignacio, who is now using the name Ángel Andrade, has brought with him a short story titled "The Visit". Ignacio hopes Enrique would be interested in making a movie out of it, and give him the starring role. "The Visit" is set in 1977. It tells of a drag artist and transgender woman named Zahara. Her birth name is Ignacio. Zahara plans to rob a drunk admirer. But she then discovers the man is her lover Enrique. Next, she visits her old school and meets Father Manolo. Manolo abused her when she was a boy. She asks for one million pesetas (Spanish currency) for halting publication of her story "The Visit". The story is set around a boarding school for boys in 1964. At the school, Ignacio, a young boy with a beautiful singing voice, is an object of lust from Father Manolo, the school principal and literature teacher. Enrique wants to adapt Ignacio’s story into a movie. But Ángel's condition is that he play the part of Zahara, the transgender lead. However, Enrique is skeptical. He feels the Ignacio he loved and the Ignacio of today are totally different people. He (Enrique) drives to Galicia. That's when he learns from Ignacio's mother that the real Ignacio has been dead for four years. He also learns that the man who came to his office is Ignacio's younger brother Juan. In the book, it is said that Enrique releases his movie later and has great success. Despite the grief and guilt of his brother,
The Toronto International Film Festival (or TIFF) is the largest movie festival of Canada and a major international movie festival. It attracts over 480,000 people annually. It was founded in 1976 and is held in Toronto. In 2007, the "Time" magazine noted that TIFF had "grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period. The festival's People's Choice Award has been an indicator of success in the awards season. Past movies include Academy Award winners, such as "Slumdog Millionaire", "The King's Speech", "La La Land", "12 Years a Slave" and "Silver Linings Playbook". Notable movie premieres. Movies such as "American Beauty", "Ray" and "Black Swan" have premiered at the TIFF.
Frederick Shelton Hubbell (born April 25, 1951) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Iowa in the 2018 Governors' election. Before running for office, Hubbell was the chairman of the Younkers department stores in the 1980s. He was also President of Equitable of Iowa. On July 17, 2017, Hubbell declared his candidacy for the Governor of Iowa. On November 14, 2017, the Iowa Starting Line released a poll showing Fred Hubbell leading the Democratic primary. Hubbell got 55% of the vote in the Democratic primary to become the party's nominee for Governor of Iowa. However, he lost the general election to Kim Reynolds. Fred Hubbell was born in Des Moines, Iowa.
The Late May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho was a weather event in the United States from May 30-31, 1998. It affected the northern half of the country and southern Ontario, from Montana to the Mid-Atlantic states. Weather events. Spencer, South Dakota tornado. The first reports of severe weather were from Montana around 12:30 p.m. MDT. The tornado struck Spencer, South Dakota around 8:37 p.m. CDT. The Spencer tornado was an F4. Six people were killed in this tornado. Derecho event (May 30-31). The same storm that produced the Spencer, South Dakota tornado turned into a derecho affecting Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and New York. The derecho killed another 6 people. New York and Pennyslvania tornadoes (May 31). On May 31, tornadoes broke out across Pennyslvania and New York, this being the most destructive to sweep across the two states since the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak.
Carmen Campagne (September 8, 1959 – July 4, 2018) was a Canadian singer and children's entertainer. She, along with Connie Kaldor, received a Juno Award at the 1989 in the category Best Children's Album for "Lullaby Berceuse". She was born in Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan. In 2013, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions as a singer, songwriter and composer enhancing music for young children and using music in French-language education". Campagne died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 on July 4, 2018, in Willow Bunch.
Ernst Wolfgang Hamburger (8 June 1933 — 4 July 2018) was a German-born Brazilian physicist. Hamburger was known for his activities regarding public understanding of science. He was the director of Estação Ciência, an interactive science museum in São Paulo. He won the UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science, the José Reis Award for the Divulgation of Science, the medal of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit, and was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Hamburger was born in Berlin and died on 4 July 2018, in São Paulo, of lymphoma at the age of 85.
Adamu Ciroma (20 November 1934 – 5 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician. Ciroma served as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. He was born in Potiskum, Yobe State. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party. Ciroma was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He served as Minister of Finance in the government of Olusegun Obasanjo from 1999 to 2003. His wife Maryam Ciroma holds the position of PDP National Women leader in Nigeria.
Neil McDermott (born 15 December 1980) is an English stage and television actor. He is best known for portraying Ryan Malloy in the BBC television soap opera, "EastEnders". McDermott appeared in the 2008 "Doctor Who" episode "The Next Doctor", as well as "Casualty" and "Rosemary and Thyme", amongst others, the feature movies "Goal!" and "Blooded", and various stage productions including "The Sound of Music" in the West End. He trained at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts.
Charles Bass Reed (September 29, 1941 – December 6, 2016) was an American educator. He served as Chancellor of the State University System of Florida from 1985 to 1998 and chancellor of the California State University (CSU) system from 1998 to 2012. Reed died on December 6, 2016 at his home in Tallahassee, Florida at age 75.
New Glarus is a village in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. It had a population of 2,266 according to the 2020 census. Since 2010, it had a population growth of 4.3 percent. New Glarus is at the intersection of Wisconsin Highways 69 and 39. The village, and the town that surrounds it, were named after the canton of Glarus in eastern Switzerland. The community was founded in 1845 by immigrants from that canton and was incorporated in 1901.
Farrah Lynn Abraham (born May 31, 1991) is an American reality television personality and pornography actress. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Council Bluffs, Iowa and Austin, Texas. Abraham is known for starring in "16 and Pregnant" in 2009, which documented the pregnancies and first months of motherhood for several young women. Later that year she was cast in the spin-off series "Teen Mom", and appeared in each of its four seasons until its conclusion in 2012. In 2012, she wrote her first memoir "My Teenage Dream Ended". The book made it onto "The New York Times" Best Seller List. Abraham began starring in sex tapes and pornography videos since 2014.