ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
CBRNE is an acronym for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive materials. These materials are very dangerous, and can hurt many people. When they are used on purpose, CBRNE materials are weapons of mass destruction. However, CBRNE events can also happen accidentally. A report from the White House in 2011 said "there is no greater danger to the [United States] than a terrorist attack with a weapon of mass destruction." Because CBRNE weapons are so dangerous, countries around the world are working on preventing CBRNE attacks, and learning how to react to them if they do happen. Types of CBRNE weapons. Chemical. The main types of chemical weapons are: International laws make it illegal to use chemical weapons. However, terrorists have ignored these laws. For example, in 1995, terrorists attacked the subway in Tokyo, Japan, with sarin. Biological. The goal of biological weapons is to get as many people sick with infectious diseases as possible. Types of biological weapons include: In 2001, a terrorist used a biological weapon against the United States by sending letters filled with anthrax through the mail to many different people. Ricin has also been sent through the mail as a biological attack. Radiological. A radiological weapon is any kind of weapon that spreads radiation. For example: In 2006, Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian spy, was murdered when someone put polonium-210, a radioactive material, in his food. The White House's report says that there is radiological material all around the world that is not guarded. Nuclear. N is for Nuclear explosion. This can occur one of two ways Fissure and Fusion. Fissure occurs when an atom is spliced apart forming two new atoms. This causes a discharge of energy. Fusion on the other hand forces two atoms together. The process breaks apart the atoms and fuses them together. The reaction discharges energy.  Many countries have tested nuclear weapons. World War II, the United States dropped two nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  In Hiroshima, the nuclear bomb destroyed of the city, and killed 60,
Michael Joseph "Mike" Mansfield (March 16, 1903 – October 5, 2001) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as a U.S. Representative (1943–1953) and a U.S. Senator (1953–1977) from Montana. He was the longest-serving Senate Majority Leader, serving from 1961 to 1977. During his time, he led Great Society programs through the Senate and strongly opposed the Vietnam War. After retiring from the Senate, Mansfield served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 1977 to 1988. On retiring as ambassador, he was awarded the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1989). He won this in part for his role in the resignation of Republican President Richard Nixon. Mansfield is the longest-serving American ambassador to Japan in history. After his ambassadorship, Mansfield served for a time as a senior adviser on East Asian affairs to Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment banking company. Mansfield died of congestive heart failure in Washington, D.C. on October 5, 2001. He was aged 98.
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors () is a South Korean football club from Jeollabuk-do.  Winners (9): 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021  Runners-up (2): 2012, 2016  Winners (5): 2000, 2003, 2005, 2020, 2022  Runners-up (2): 1999, 2013  Runners-up (1): 2010  Winners (1): 2004  Runners-up (2): 2001, 2006  Winners (2): 2006, 2016  Runners-up (1): 2011  Runners-up (1): 2002
An intervertebral disc is a kind of padding between vertebrae in the vertebral column. They are shock absorbers in the spine, and are very important to the health of the spine. The disc is a fibrocartilaginous joint. It allows slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together. Discs have an outer fibrous ring, made up of both type I and type II collagen. Type I is concentrated towards the edge of the ring where it provides greater strength. The fibrous intervertebral disc contains the "nucleus pulposus" and this helps to distribute pressure evenly across the disc.  The nucleus pulposus contains loose fibers suspended in a mucoprotein gel. The nucleus of the disc acts as a shock absorber, absorbing impacts and keeping the two vertebrae separated. It is the remnant of the notochord.
Spintronics is a kind of electronics that uses the tiny magnetic fields that come from electrons as well as their electric charge. The word "spintronics" is made up of the words "spin" and "electronics" In atoms, electrons can be said to go around the nucleus of an atom and possess some spinning energy. They also have their own spin, like a spinning top, which is separate from the atom and they keep even when they are moving freely. There are two ways for something to spin, clockwise and anti-clockwise. In the tiny quantum world the terms 'up' or 'down' are used instead.  The electron spin of large numbers of electrons plays a role as a source of the magnetism in permanent magnets. In most materials these spins are random in direction and so no magnetic field results. In normal electronics the flow of current in a wire can also be used to produce a magnetic field which is known as electromagnetism. Neither of these form a part of spintonics. In spintronics the property of the spin of the electrons themselves is used directly. It makes use of the electrons in a solid metal or semiconductor. In spintronics the electron spin of just a few electrons in a material are made to align in one direction by briefly applying a very large magnetic field. Even when the magnetic field is removed the electrons will remain aligned in their spins. This alignment will slowly fade away over time but will persist for a while. Since these aligned spins produce a resultant magnet field they can be detected and even used to move the electrons.  The deliberate moving of only those electrons with a certain spin can be used to store information and this technology has been called spintronics to distinguish it from conventional use of electrons in electronics which uses their electric charge only. Spintronics is an area of research in which scientists are trying to make useful devices and are making progress. Some devices write the electron spin codes into the surface of a moving disk and others make them in sold transistor junctions as RAM. They promise a technology that could create faster and smaller electronic devices that use less energy.
The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh () was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Oudh or Awadh in south India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to a dynasty of Qara-Qoyunlu origin from Nishapur. Saadat Khan (1722–1739) became the first Nawab of Awadh in 1722. He was a Mughal wazir and the founder of the state of Awadh.
Antioch College is a private, liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in the United States. Established in 1850 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1852; politician and education expert Horace Mann became its first president. It was the founding, forming college of Antioch University, which Antioch College outlived until 2008. The College remained out of business for three years before being reestablished in 2011, and fully disconnected from the university as an independent institution by 2014. The College has produced two Nobel Prize winners. José Ramos-Horta, the 1996 laureate for Peace, earned his Master of Arts in 1984. Mario Capecchi, the 2007 laureate for Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, earned his Bachelor of Science in 1961.
Melody Ann Thomas Scott (b. April 18, 1956) is an American actress who acts in soap operas. She played Nikki Newman on the soap opera "The Young and the Restless". She also played Darlene Jarvis in "The Waltons" in the 1970s. She won awards for Outstanding Actress from the 17th Soap Opera Digest Awards for her act as Nikki Newman. Thomas Scott started her career as a child actress.  Thomas Scott was born in Los Angeles, California.
Show, don't tell is a type of writing technique used by authors. Instead of explaining a story, as in a summary, a writer makes the reader feel what is happening. It creates a picture of something in the reader's mind. When the reader gets a clear mental picture the story becomes more interesting. The technique is used in both fiction and non-fiction writing.  Examples of show, don't tell. In the first example, the author is telling what the character feels. In the second example, the author is allowing the reader to picture what the character was experiencing when she opened the door. Show and tell. Good writing may involve both showing and telling. A scene shows the reader what is happening. It allows the reader to experience the action and emotions of the people in the story. A summary is often used between scenes to connect them together to create a story. Another use of summaries is in places where a part of the story needs to be brief. Showing takes more words than telling. Less important parts of a story are sometimes mentioned very briefly.
Marlow Webster Cook (July 27, 1926 – February 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the United States Senator from Kentucky from December 17, 1968 to December 27, 1974. He was born in Akron, New York. Cook died in Sarasota, Florida on February 4, 2016. He died from complications of a heart attack. He was aged 89.
Joseph Francis "Joe" Alaskey (April 17, 1952 – February 3, 2016) was an American actor, impressionist, stand-up comedian and voice actor. He was known for voicing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety and other characters from Warner Bros. cartoons. He voiced Plucky Duck on "Tiny Toon Adventures" from 1990 to 1995. Alaskey won an Emmy Award in 2004. Alaskey was the second actor to voice Grandpa Lou Pickles on "Rugrats". He voiced Lou again in the "Rugrats" spin-off series, "All Grown Up!" and all three movies. He also voiced Stinkie in "Casper". Alaskey died in Green Island, New York from cancer on February 3, 2016. He was aged 63.
Maurice White (December 19, 1941 – February 4, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, arranger and bandleader. He was the founder of the band Earth, Wind &amp; Fire. He was also the older brother of current Earth, Wind &amp; Fire member Verdine White, and former member Fred White. His career began in 1961. He retired in 2014 due to his health. White was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised in Memphis and in Chicago, Illinois.  White served as the band's main songwriter and record producer, and was co-lead singer (along with Philip Bailey). White won seven Grammys, and was nominated for 21 Grammys in total. White died in his sleep on February 4, 2016 from complications of Parkinson's disease. He died at his home in Los Angeles. He was aged 74.
Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky (born March 17, 1997) is an American competition swimmer. At the 2012 Olympics in London, she won the gold medal in the 800-meter freestyle. At the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she won four gold medals. At the world championships in 2013 in Barcelona, Spain, and the 2015 world championships in Kazan, Russia, she won 9 gold medals in total. She has broken a world record 13 times, in the 400-meter, 800-meter, and 1500-meter freestyle. Ledecky was born in Washington, D.C.
Max Kaur (born December 9, 1969 in Tallinn) is an Estonian politician. He is a member of the Centre Party. He was Mayor of Mustvee 2013-2017. Since 2018 he is a Jõhvi municipality vice-governor. Since 2019 he is a Mayor of Johvi. Education. Max Kaur studied law at Moscow International Independent University of Environmental and Political Sciences (IIUEPS), LL.B., and economics at Saint Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics, MS in Economics. He earned his PhD in 2013 from Saint Petersburg State University of Economics. Career. Max Kaur was counsellor of the Mayor of Tallinn, Edgar Savisaar from 2002 to 2005. He was vice-mayor of Maardu from 2005 to 2006. Max Kaur was first elected to Tallinn City Council in the Estonian local elections 2009. He was elected Mayor of Mustvee in April 2013. He was re-elected in December 2013. He was a founder and leader of the Estonian social movement against gambling. He is an author of the idea to create a unique sculpture in Tallinn against addiction.
David Michael "Dave" Mirra (April 4, 1974 – February 4, 2016) was an American BMX athlete. He was also a driver for Subaru Rally Team USA. He was born in Chittenango, New York. Mirra held the record for most X-Games medals until being passed by Bob Burnquist at X Games Munich in 2013. Mirra has won medals in every X Games from when they started in 1995 up to 2008. He has won a total of 24 medals at the X Games. In 2008, he placed second in BMX Big Air and third in Rally Car Racing at the X Games. He was known mainly as a vert ramp and park rider. He rode and was sponsored by Haro Bikes from the mid 1990s. He later started his own bike company, and rode those instead. In 2004, Mirra appeared on an episode of "George Lopez". Mirra was a member of the team which won the 2014 Race Across America Four-Person Male (Under 50) category. He also was the host for two seasons of MTV's "Real World/Road Rules Challenge." Personal life and death. Mirra and his wife, Lauren, had two daughters. In 2010, Mirra was sick with bacterial meningitis. After he recovered, he went back to rallying. On February 4, 2016, Mirra died of suicide by a gunshot wound in Greenville, North Carolina. Police answering an emergency call found his body in a truck. He had been visiting friends in the area. Allen Thomas, the mayor of Greenville, said Mirra was "a great friend and wonderful human being". He was 41 years old. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Mirra had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). He became the first action sports athlete to be diagnosed with it.
Signe Toly Anderson (September 15, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American singer. She was one of the founding members of the American rock band Jefferson Airplane. Anderson was born in Seattle, Washington. Anderson died from complications of COPD at her home in Beaverton, Oregon. She was aged 74.
Property is the ownership of land, resources, objects, or intellectual property. The word property can have several other meanings:
A property, commonly shortened to prop (plural: props), is any object used in performing arts during a performance. They are used on the stage in theatre, and on the screen by actors in movies and television. A prop is anything on a stage or a set that is able to be moved. It is different from the scenery, costumes and production equipment. Anything that is used but is not part of the scenery (the set) is a prop, e.g., furniture, a book that an actor pretends to read, a pipe that they smoke. Food appearing in the production is also a prop. Props are looked after by a properties master. Sometimes, for small things like books or fans, it is the actor who is responsible for making sure he has the prop. This is called a "personal prop". People have been accidentally killed by props. One case is from 2021.
In science, a property is anything that describes a material or substance. It is a characteristic of that material. For example, how hard the material is, its colour, or its shape. Elasticity is a property of rubber; in other words: rubber is elastic. A property may be a constant (always the same) or it may only appear when something changes, such as temperature. Chemical properties include things like surface tension, pH, reactivity, allotropy. Conductivity is how able a material is to transport electric charge or heat.
Approximation theory is a field of mathematics which is concerned with approximating the values of a function. Usually, the approximation is only needed for a range of values or domain. A good approximation will only have a small error in the domain of interest. There are different ways in which this approximation is done: common ones are using a combination of simpler functions or using polynomials.
Bad Dudes Vs. Dragon Ninja is a video game created in 1988 by the company Data East. It was originally made for arcades. It was popular as an arcade game. It is an action game with good charts and sound. There is a boss at the end of each level. In the last level all the bosses confront the player one by one. After they are all defeated, the Dragon Boss appears.
Michael Santiago Render (born April 20, 1975), better known by his stage name Killer Mike, is an American rapper, activist, and occasional actor. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder of Grind Time Official Records.  Career. Mike was first heard on "Snappin' and Trappin, a song from the hip hop duo OutKast's album "Stankonia" (2000). He later appeared on the Grammy-winning song "The Whole World", a single from OutKast's greatest hits album "Big Boi and Dre Present...OutKast". In December 2008, Mike signed to T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records. In 2012, he released "R.A.P. Music", produced by rapper and producer El-P. In 2013, the two formed a duo called Run the Jewels. The two signed to Fool's Gold Records and released "Run the Jewels" in June of that year. Politics. Killer Mike is a member of the Democratic Party. He supports Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. After introducing Sanders at a rally held in Atlanta November 23, 2015, Mike spent time recording an interview with the presidential candidate. Mike released his interview with Bernie Sanders as a six-part video series the following month.
Kristine Miller (June 13, 1925 – late 2015) was an American movie actress. She was known for her appearances in film noir and Western movies. She appeared in "I Walk Alone" (1948) with Lizabeth Scott and Burt Lancaster, "Jungle Patrol" (1948), "Too Late for Tears" (1949), "Shadow on the Wall" (1950), and the television series "Stories of the Century" (1954–55). Miller was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a Danish father and an American mother. She was raised in the United States (in New Orleans, Fresno, Long Island, New York and San Francisco) and in Copenhagen in Denmark. Miller studied at San Francisco State College. She was married to William Schuyler from 1953 until his death in 2013. They had two daughters. Miller died in late 2015 in a hospital from congestive heart failure in Monterey, California. She was aged 90. Her death was announced on February 4, 2016.
Sweet Hearts Dance is a 1988 American comedy drama movie directed by Robert Greenwald. It was written by Ernest Thompson. It is about two small-town couples, one married for several years and the other at the beginning of their relationship. It stars Don Johnson, Susan Sarandon, Jeff Daniels, and Elizabeth Perkins.  It was filmed in Hyde Park, Vermont. The mayor of Burlington and future United States senator Bernie Sanders had a cameo appearance in the movie. It was released on September 23, 1988 to mixed reviews. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie two out of four stars.
Robert Leslie Shapiro (born September 2, 1942) is an American civil lawyer of Jewish descent. He is a senior partner in the law firm Glaser Weil Fink Jacobs Howard Avchen &amp; Shapiro, LLP, which is based in Los Angeles. Shapiro was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles and Loyola Law School. Shapiro is known for being part of the team which successfully defended O. J. Simpson in 1995 from the charges that he murdered his ex-wife Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman in 1994. Shortly after the O. J. Simpson trial, Shapiro moved his practice away from criminal defense toward the civil litigation arena. He is also the voice of, and pictured in, the television commercials for the LegalZoom company he co-founded.
A blood agent is a poisonous chemical. A blood agent makes it impossible for a person's blood to hold oxygen and bring it to the rest of the body. Every part of the body needs oxygen to survive. Blood agents can cause life-threatening symptoms like seizures or coma, which happen because the brain is not getting enough oxygen. In high enough doses, blood agents can make a person suffocate. When they are used on purpose to kill many people, blood agents are weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The most common types of blood agents are chemical compounds that include cyanide. However, other blood agents are based on arsenic. Types of blood agents. There are many different blood agents. Below is some information about the blood agents that are most likely to be used as weapons of mass destruction: All of these chemicals are colorless, except for phosgene. Phosgene gas is colorless, but liquid phosgene is a very light yellow. According to a book on the history of chemical weapons, the most toxic and effective blood agents are hydrogen cyanide and phosgene; followed by cyanogen and arsine; then cyanogen chloride; and finally vinyl arsine. How they work. Usually, the bloodstream carries oxygen from the air we breathe to the entire body. The cells in the body need oxygen to survive, and they also need to get rid of carbon dioxide. (Carbon dioxide is left over when cells make energy; too much of it is poisonous.) Usually, cells pick up oxygen from the bloodstream, and send carbon dioxide out into the bloodstream. This is called gas exchange. Blood agents prevent gas exchange. They keep oxygen from getting into the body's cells. Without oxygen, cells die. If a person gets a high enough dose of a blood agent, they will suffocate because the oxygen they breathe in cannot get into the body's cells. Exposure. "Exposure" means that a chemical touched or got into a person's body. That person has been "exposed" to the chemical. Most people who are exposed to blood agents breathe in or swallow the chemical. This can happen accidentally or on purpose. For example, there are cyanide compounds in cigarette smoke and in smoke
Tunguska event is the name for a very large mid-air explosion that occurred on 30 June 1908 in Siberia. Most eyewitnesses talk about one or more explosions that happened around 7:15 a.m. local time. The cause of these explosions is unknown, but a meteorite impact has been suggested as a likely cause. About around the place where the event happened, trees were uprooted. In Wanwara, a small settlement, about away, windows and doors were smashed. It is estimated, that in an area of about , the trees were uprooted. Over away, bright light was seen, and an earthquake was felt.  There are no reports of people who have died. This is attributed to the fact that almost no people lived in the area, at the time. Depending on the source, there were one or two casualties. Today, it is believed that the event happened about above ground, at 0:14 UTC (7:14 a.m. local time). Energy involved. What happened is called air burst today. At the time, the energy involved was estimated to be between 10 and 30 megatons of TNT, depending on the height in which the air burst happened. Simulations that have been done with modern computers have found that the energy involved was probably between 3 and 5 megatons of TNT. Taking 15 megatons, this would mean that the energy involved was 1.000 times that of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, in 1945. The shock wave is considered to be that of an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.0 on the Richter scale. The explosion registered at seismic stations across Eurasia, and air waves from the blast were detected in Germany, Denmark, Croatia, and the United Kingdom – and as far away as modern-day Jakarta, Indonesia, and Washington, D.C. For a few days after the event, night skies in Asia and Europe were aglow. There are reports of brightly lit photographs being successfully taken at midnight (without the aid of flashbulbs) in Sweden and Scotland. One explanation of this glow is that light passed through ice particles at a high altitude