ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Formula Two, often called F2, is a type of open wheel auto racing. It served as a feeder series to Formula One. In 1985 it was replaced by Formula 3000. In 2008 the FIA announced that Formula Two would return for 2009 season in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The goal is to develop a low-cost series to allow young drivers a chance to compete in the highest levels of motor racing. History. Formula One is generally regarded as the top open-wheeled auto racing series. Because of the high performance and expense of the cars, a lower level racing series was needed for developing drivers and teams. For much of the history of F1, Formula Two was that step in the racing ladder. Pre-war. Before the Second World War, there was a division of racing cars smaller and less powerful than the Grand Prix racers. This division was usually called voiturette ("small car") racing. It provided a place for amateur or less experienced drivers and smaller team to prove themselves. Official beginnings (post war–1953). In 1946, Formula A (later known at Formula 1) was introduced. The old 1.5 L voiturette formula was replaced with 3.0 L supercharged cars. Formula Two (first known as Formula B) was first formally defined in 1948 by the FIA as a smaller and cheaper racers to complement to the Grand Prix cars of the era. The engines 2.0 L normally aspirated or 750 cc supercharged. The 750 cc engines were rarely used. This brought new manufactures, such as Cooper to move up to Formula Two. Formula One in its early years was very expensive. There were so few cars entered for the 1952 and 1953 that the World Championship Grand Prix races were run to Formula Two rules. Formula Two development. F2 started to decline with the arrival of the 2.5 L Formula One in 1954. A new format of Formula Two was introduced for 1957 with 1.5 L engines. This became dominated by rear-engined Coopers and "Bobtail" sports
Zinc hydroxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Zn(OH)2. It contains zinc and hydroxide ions. Properties. Zinc hydroxide is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with acids to make zinc salts. It dissolves in concentrated bases. It dissolves in ammonia to make a colorless solution. It can be heated to make zinc oxide. Occurrence. Zinc hydroxide is found as a few rare minerals. It is not a main zinc ore. Preparation. Zinc hydroxide can be made by reacting zinc chloride or zinc sulfate with sodium hydroxide. A dilute solution of sodium hydroxide was used so the zinc hydroxide didn't dissolve.  Uses. Zinc hydroxide is used to absorb blood in large bandages. These bandages are used after surgery.
Zinc phosphate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Zn3(PO4)2. It contains zinc and phosphate ions. Properties. Zinc phosphate is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It can react with strong acids to make phosphoric acid and a zinc salt.  Preparation. It can be made by reacting zinc with phosphoric acid. It is normally made by reacting zinc oxide and magnesium oxide with a mixture of phosphoric acid, water, and a buffer.  Uses. It is used as a cement in dentistry. It rarely is found as a mineral.
Zinc bromide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnBr2. It contains zinc and bromide ions. Properties. Zinc bromide is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It makes an acidic solution. Preparation. It can be made by reacting barium bromide with zinc sulfate. This forms barium sulfate which can be filtered out. It can also be made by reacting zinc with bromine. It can also be made by reacting zinc with hydrogen bromide or hydrobromic acid. Uses. It can be used in organic chemistry. It can be used as a shield against radiation. There is a battery that uses zinc bromide.
Barium bromide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaBr2. It contains barium and bromide ions. Properties. Barium bromide is a colorless solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is very toxic because of the barium ions. It reacts with the sulfate ion to make insoluble (does not dissolve in water) barium sulfate.  Preparation. Barium bromide can be made by reacting barium carbonate with hydrobromic acid. It can also be made by a violent reaction between barium and bromine.  Uses. It can be used to make zinc bromide. It also is used to purify radium.
Zinc iodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnI2. It contains zinc and iodide ions. Properties. Zinc iodide is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It reacts with bases to make zinc hydroxide. It is a reducing agent. When it is oxidized it makes iodine. Preparation. It is made by reacting zinc with iodine.  Uses. It is opaque (not clear) to X-rays. It can be used as a stain in microscope slides.
Zinc fluoride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnF2. It contains zinc and fluoride ions. Properties. Zinc fluoride is a colorless solid. It only dissolves a little in water. It reacts with bases to make zinc hydroxide. Preparation. Zinc fluoride is made by reacting zinc chloride with a fluoride. It can also be made by reacting zinc with fluorine. It also can be made by reacting zinc with hydrofluoric acid to make hydrogen and zinc fluoride.
Zinc nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Zn(NO3)2. It contains zinc and nitrate ions. Properties. Zinc nitrate is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It reacts with bases to make zinc hydroxide. It reacts with sodium carbonate to make zinc carbonate. Preparation. It can be made by reacting zinc metal or zinc oxide with nitric acid. Uses. It can be used as a mordant. It is also used as a source of zinc ions.
Smithsonite is a mineral. It contains zinc carbonate, ZnCO3. It is an ore of zinc. It has a Mohs hardness (a hardness scale) of 4.5. It has a specific gravity of 4.5. Some zinc can be replaced with manganese to make manganese carbonate.
Zinc sulfate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnSO4. It contains zinc and sulfate ions. Properties. Zinc sulfate is a colorless solid. It dissolves in water. It can react with bases to make zinc hydroxide.  Preparation. Zinc sulfate can be made by reacting zinc or zinc oxide with sulfuric acid. It can also be made by reacting copper sulfate with zinc. Uses. Zinc sulfate can be used to add zinc to the soil. It is also used to add zinc to animal feed. It was once used to remove acne.
Zinc sulfide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnS. It contains zinc and sulfide ions. Properties. Zinc sulfide is white when pure. It does not dissolve in water. It can burn at a high temperature to make sulfur dioxide and zinc oxide. It reacts with strong acids to make hydrogen sulfide.  Preparation. Zinc sulfide can be made by igniting a mixture of powdered zinc and sulfur. Another way of making it is to react hydrogen sulfide with a zinc compound. Uses. Zinc sulfide is used to convert ultraviolet light to visible light. It can be doped with copper to make it glow in the dark.
Zinc oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnO. It contains zinc and oxide ions. Properties. Zinc oxide is a white solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with acids to make zinc salts. It can react with water to make zinc hydroxide. It reacts with phosphoric acid to make zinc phosphate, a cement. It reacts with hydrogen sulfide to make zinc sulfide. It dissolves in strong bases. It can be reduced by carbon to zinc metal. Preparation. Zinc oxide can be made by heating powdered zinc metal. It can also be made by heating zinc hydroxide. It can be made by boiling zinc metal in air. Zinc carbonate makes zinc oxide when heated. Uses. Zinc oxide is used in the vulcanization of rubber, preventing the rubber from becoming brittle. It also protects the rubber from fungi and ultraviolet light. Zinc oxide can be added to concrete to help the making and hardening of concrete. Zinc oxide is used in calamine. It can be used as a deodorant and an antibacterial cream. Zinc oxide can be used as a sunscreen. It can be added to food to add zinc to the diet. It can also be used in paint as a pigment. It also clings to certain metals better. Safety. Zinc oxide is not toxic, but fine dust of zinc oxide can irritate the lungs when inhaled or aspirated.
is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as a Formula One racing driver. He drove for the Williams-Toyota team from to . Prior to that he had been their test driver. He has also competited in the GP2 Series for the DAMS team. For , Nakajima had signed with Stefan GP. He as to be one of their race drivers. Stefan GP was not accepted as an entrant in the Formula One world championship. Early life. Nakajima was born in Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. He is the son of the retired Formula One driver Satoru Nakajima. His younger brother, Daisuke, is also a racing driver. Racing career. Pre-Formula One. Nakajima started his career in racing in 1996, when he started karting. His father had been backed by Toyota's arch-rivals Honda through his career. Nakajima hoped that by joining Toyota he would shield himself against any claims that his father had promoted his career. In 2002, Nakajima won a scholarship in Formula Toyota, which he became champion in a year later. He progressed onto Japanese Formula Three in 2004, winning two of the 20 races and finishing fifth in the Drivers' Championship. Nakajima stayed in Japanese Formula Three for 2005, finishing second. He also raced in the Japanese GT300 sports car series, where he ended the year eighth. Nakajima moved to the Formula Three Euroseries in 2006. He finished seventh with 36 points. In November 2006, Nakajima was named a Williams test driver for the 2007 season. Nakajima's debut in a Formula One car came at Fuji Speedway during November 2006, where he completed four demonstration laps in wet conditions. Nakajima raced in the GP2 series in 2007 for the DAMS team. Nakajima also served as Williams' test driver, completing 7,000 km of testing for the team. Nakajima's first year in GP2 finished with no wins, but five consecutive podiums and ended the year as top rookie. Formula One. It was announced on 9 October
Melissa Lou Etheridge (born May 29, 1961) is an American singer and musician. Her songs include "Come to my Window" and "I'm the Only One". Etheridge was born in Leavenworth, Kansas. She has fifteen Grammy Award nominations. She has won two Grammy Awards. Etheridge won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song "I Need to Wake Up". That song was from the movie "An Inconvenient Truth". Etheridge came out as lesbian in January 1993. She was diagnosed with breast cancer in October 2004 and has recovered.
The Fairly OddParents is an American animated television series that aired on Nickelodeon and Nicktoons. Created by Butch Hartman and Bob Boyle, the series is based on a series of Oh Yeah! Cartoons, beginning with the short The Fairly OddParents!. Series overview. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Episodes. All of the episodes of "The Fairly OddParents" listed below are arranged in their production order, rather than their airdate.  Season 1 (2001). &lt;onlyinclude&gt;
Helen Reddy (25 October 1941 – 29 September 2020) was an Australian actress and singer-songwriter. Her hits are "Angie Baby" and "No Way to Treat a Lady". She was born in Australia in 1941. In the United States she had fifteen singles in the Top 40 of the "Billboard" Hot 100. Her signature hit was "I Am Woman." Reddy died on 29 September 2020 in Los Angeles, California from dementia-related problems at the age of 78. 1#16 (New Zealand), #17 (UK)  2#13 (New Zealand) 3#1 (New Zealand), "The Best of Helen Reddy" #5 (UK)u
Carole King (born February 9, 1942) is an American songwriter, and singer-songwriter. King and her writing partner Gerry Goffin wrote over twenty songs that became chart hits. Many different artists recorded her songs in the 1960s. In 1971 she wrote and recorded the album "Tapestry". This became very successful. It was at the top of the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks. It is one of the best selling albums of all time. King was born on Manhattan. She grew up in Brooklyn. She had her first No. 1 hit as a songwriter in 1961, with "Will You Love Me Tomorrow." In 2000, Joel Whitburn, who wrote for "Billboard Magazine", named her the most successful female songwriter of 1955–99, because she wrote or co-wrote 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100. King made 25 solo albums. The album that people liked best was "Tapestry". Her most recent album is "Live at the Troubadour", which she made with James Taylor. This album was #4 on the charts in its first week, and has sold over 400,000 copies. She has won four Grammy Awards and was inducted into (joined) the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her songwriting. In 2009, Carole King was inducted into the "Hit Parade" Hall of Fame. Of all the albums made by women ever, "Tapestry" stayed on the charts for the longest time, and was the best-selling album for the longest time.
Rhenock (Nepali: रिनाक ) is a small town in East district in the Indian state of Sikkim, located at . It is 63 kilometres east of Gangtok on the way to Jelepla Pass at an altitude of 1,040. The word Rhe-nock (in Lepcha dialect) means Black Hill. It is in the far east of Sikkim. Rhenock had the first police out post in the state, which is the historical event. History. Rhenock was covered with dense forest in and around the 13th century. The Lepchas were the early settlers about six to five hundred years ago. After the Lepchas, Bhutias settled in the villages presently known as Kyongsa, Aritar &amp; Chalisey. The people who settled here after 16th century were mostly from Nepali ethnic group such as Newars, Bahuns (Adhikari, Paudel, Gautam, Dahal, Bhandari and Achaarja), Chhetri (Subedi, Khatiwada &amp; Bista), Gurung, Rai and Limboo. People. Rhenock is inhabited by the people of different ethnic groups such as Lepchas, Bhutias, Nepalis (Gorkhas), Biharis and Marwaris. Lepcha tribes who were early settlers have their own unique culture. Originally followers of Shamanism religion, later became the followers of Buddhism. Some of them are the followers of Christianity. Bhutias are another group tribes who are the followers of Buddhism also have their own identity &amp; culture. Majority of the people are Indian Nepalis also known as Gorkha. Most of them are the Hindus by religion. Some of the Nepalis Gurung After 1990 became Buddhist, before that they were followers of Hinduism. Some others are the followers of Christianity. In spite of above all every one respects others belief and faith and celebrates others' festivals which makes a peaceful and prosperous society. Educational institutions. Rhenock has about 130 years' long history of education. Rhenock School is among
Deekshabhoomi is a historical place in India where about 1,000,000 people were converted from Hinduism to Buddhism at a single moment on October 14, 1956. These people were people of lower classes who converted under the leadership of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. Ambedkar felt that their human rights could only be protected as Bhuddists. Deekshabhoomi is in the city of Nagpur, Maharashtra in central India. It is an important tourist attraction.
The rhinoceros hornbill ("Buceros rhinoceros") is one of the largest hornbills: adults are about the size of a swan. It lives in parts of Malaya and Thailand.  It usually wanders in the forest, where it lives, in search of fruits and nuts to eat. Hornbills use their big bills to open the tough husks of nuts and to handle large fruit.
The oystercatcher is a species of bird that lives around Europe and Asia. They usually eat shellfishes that are found on beaches and mud. The Eurasian Oystercatcher uses its sharp bill to open the shells of oysters and mussels. It cuts the muscle between the two halves of the shell together, or it crashes the shell against a rock and eats the oyster inside. Lifestyle and adaptations. The oystercatcher has the heaviest bill (= beak) of any living wader. They have "resource polymorphism": they have some different beak types, and each type is used for a different kind of feeding. Unusually, the polymorphism is not genetically determined. It seems individuals are able to change their beak to suit their food. They do, of course, inherit an ability to adapt their feeding behaviour. "Stabbers" work by jabbing their bill tips between the valves of a mussel's shell. "Hammerers" open mussel shells by banging down on them; some hammerers only break the dorsal side, others only break the ventral side. Still others feed on worms, and they have narrow, tweezer-like bill tips. The bird's bills grow at 0.4 mm per day, which is four times as fast as human fingernails. Individuals forced to switch from mussel-eating to worm-eating were able to change their bill shape in 10 days. With bills like that, oystercatchers are dangerous opponents for other birds. They can fight off predators, and often raid other birds to steal their catches. "They attack other birds at an average of five-minute intervals during low tide". They get as much as 60% of their food by theft. Oystercatchers may live to 35 years.
Kart racing or karting is a type of open-wheel motor sport. It uses small, open, four-wheeled vehicles called karts, go-karts, or gearbox/shifter karts depending on the design. They are usually raced on scaled-down kart circuits. Karting is commonly seen as the stepping stone to the higher and more expensive ranks of motorsports. Karts vary widely in speed. Some known as Superkarts can reach speeds exceeding . Go-karts for the general public used for fun may be limited to speeds of .  History. Art Ingels is generally accepted to be the father of karting. He was a long time hot rodder and a race car builder at Kurtis Kraft. He built the first kart in Southern California in 1956.  Components. Chassis. The chassis are made of steel tube. There is no suspension. The chassis must flex enough to work as the suspension.  Braking is achieved by a disc brake mounted on the rear axle. Front disc brakes are becoming popular. Some classes do not allow them. Engines. Amusement park go-karts can be powered by 4-stroke engines or electric motors. Racing karts use small 2-stroke or 4-stroke engines. Transmission. Karts do not have a differential. Both rear wheels turn at the same speed. Because of this, one rear tire must slide while cornering.  Power is transmitted from the engine to the rear axle by way of a chain. Tires. Wheels and tires are much smaller than those used on a normal car.  Like other motorsports, karts use different tires for the track conditions. Slicks are used for dry weather. Rain tires or "wets" are used for wet weather. Slicks with grooves cut into them are used for dirt tracks. Spiked tires are used for ice.  Racing. Kart racing is generally accepted as the most economic form of motorsport available. As a fun pastime, it can be performed by almost anybody. As a motorsport, it is regulated by FIA (under the name of Commission Internationale de Karting (CIK). In the USA, many organizations regulate racing
The Messier Catalogue is a list of astronomical objects made by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771. Messier was a comet hunter, and was annoyed by fuzzy objects which were not comets. He put together a list of these objects, with his assistant Pierre Méchain. The list uses numbers with an 'M' in front. Messier was limited by the objects he could see from France, so the list is incomplete by today's standards. It remains popular because people have used it for centuries and they are familiar with it.  The first edition covered 45 objects numbered M1 to M45. The total list published by Messier finally contained 103 objects, and the list was made up to 110 by modern astronomers working from Messier's notes.. Other catalogues exist, most notably the New General Catalogue. Items on the list. Almost all the items are either star clusters or nebulae. There are only three galaxies in the first fifty, starting with Andromeda at M31. Individual stars are not listed. The first ten in the list are:
Barium sulfide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaS. It contains barium and sulfide ions. Properties. Barium sulfide is colorless when pure. It can get colored when it is not pure. It reacts slowly with water to make barium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. It reacts with acids to make a barium salt and hydrogen sulfide, too. It can also make barium carbonate and the pigment lithopone Preparation. It is made by reduction of barium sulfate with carbon at a high temperature. Uses. It is used to make barium compounds from barium ore. Safety. Barium sulfide looks very similar to barium sulfate. But Barium sulfate is not toxic, while barium sulfide is very toxic. Barium sulfide dissolves in water to make toxic hydrogen sulfide and toxic barium hydroxide. If someone is fed barium sulfide, it would kill them.
Plasmodium, commonly known as the malaria parasite, is a large genus of parasitic protozoa. There are about 200 species. Infection with these protozoans is called malaria, a deadly disease widespread in the tropics. The parasite always has two hosts in its life cycle: a mosquito vector and a vertebrate host. The life-cycle is very complex. There is a sequence of different stages in the vector and the host. These stages include:  The genus "Plasmodium" was first described in 1885. At least ten species infect humans. Other species infect other animals, including birds, reptiles and rodents, while 29 species infect non-human primates. The Apicomplexa – the phylum to which "Plasmodium" belongs – are thought to have originated within the Dinoflagellates – a large group of photosynthetic protozoa. The most common forms of human malaria are caused by "Plasmodium falciparum", "Plasmodium vivax", "Plasmodium ovale", and "Plasmodium malariae". "P. falciparum" malaria, common in sub-Saharan Africa, is especially dangerous.
Barium peroxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaO2. It contains barium and peroxide ions. Properties. Barium peroxide is a gray-white solid. It reacts with water to make oxygen gas. When it is heated very hot, it releases oxygen and turns into barium oxide.  Preparation. It is made by heating barium oxide. This process used to be used to get oxygen from the air. Barium oxide was heated to around 300°C, absorbing oxygen and making barium peroxide. The barium peroxide was heated above 500°C, releasing the oxygen. Then it could be reused. Uses. Barium peroxide can be used to make hydrogen peroxide by reaction with sulfuric acid. This also makes the solid barium sulfate.
Peroxide is an ion. Its chemical formula is O22-. Peroxide can be a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent. More often it is an oxidizing agent. It can be reduced to oxide or oxidized to oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is the most common peroxide. Barium peroxide is another peroxide. There are organic peroxides. These are chemical compounds where peroxide is attached to an organic molecule. Some of them are explosives.
Barium oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BaO. It contains barium and oxide ions. Properties. Barium oxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make barium hydroxide. It reacts with acids to make barium salts. Preparation. Barium oxide is made by heating barium carbonate with carbon. This prevents barium peroxide from forming when it is heated. It can also be made by heating barium nitrate. Uses. Barium oxide can be added to glass instead of lead(II) oxide. It is also used in cathode ray tubes. It can be used as a catalyst. Safety. Barium oxide is very toxic when eaten.