ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Pierre-sur-Haute military radio station is a 30-hectare hill-top site containing three towers in the Sauvain and Job communes used for French military communications in use since 1913. The tallest tower is a 55-metre-high civilian telecommunication tower owned by Télédiffusion de France. In the beginning of 2013, the radio station became famous world-wide after the French intelligence agency Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI) reportedly attempted to have the article removed from the French Wikipedia. This request was denied by the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2013. After this denial, the DCRI had forced a contributor to the French Wikipedia to remove it leading to world-wide media coverage. The deleted French Wikipedia article was soon restored, because there were no reasons for deletion according to the Wikipedia standards visible. Meanwhile, the article has been translated into 42 other languages. History. In 1960, a semaphore telegraph was built where the military radio station is now. At the time, it was only a small stone building, with the semaphore on top. In 1966, NATO asked the French army to extend the site. Since then, it is one of the 82 NATO transmission stations in Europe. This network is known as ACE High system. In this network, the Pierre-sur-Haute station, served as a relay between the Lachens station to the south, and the Mont-Août station to the north. It used four 10 kW transmitters and sixteen receivers. In 1974, the French Air Force took control of the station. In 1988, NATO began to decommission the ACE High system. Importance. The site is owned by the French Air Force. It is controlled from a site near Lyon, about away. It has a heliport, and is accessible by helicopter. There is also a private road, which starts at the Col du Béal. This road cannot be used when there is heavy snow of more than . Another option is using a hiking trail, which can be used by tracked vehicles. Since the site is of strategic importance to the French army, it has been "hardened". This means that it has its own power supply and can withstand an attack. There are about twenty people on site. The main purpose of the site is to analyse and relay signals.
The Seattle Metropolitans were an American professional ice hockey team in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHL), based in Seattle, Washington from 1915 to 1924.  In 1917, The Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Stanley Cup when they defeated the Montreal Canadiens 3 games to 1. They played their home game at the Seattle Ice Arena.
Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American politician. He was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican from Massachusetts in 1966. He beat his Democratic rival Endicott Peabody by many votes.  He served for two terms, and lost to Paul Tsongas in the 1978 Senate election. Brooke was the oldest living former Senator since Harry F. Byrd, Jr.'s death on July 30, 2013. Early life. Brooke was born on October 26, 1919 in Washington, D.C. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and Boston, Massachusetts. Brooke studied at Howard University and the Boston University School of Law. He was a United States Army officer in Italy during Wold War II. Career. Brooke was the first African-American politician to be popularly elected to the Senate. He was the only person of African heritage sent to the Senate in the 20th century until Democrat Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois in 1993. Brooke was also the first African-American senator since the Reconstruction Era. Brooke was the last Republican Senator elected from Massachusetts until Scott Brown was elected in 2010. Brooke was also the oldest living former Republican Senator and oldest living former Senator after the death of Harry F. Byrd, Jr. in July 2013. Byrd was Senator around the same time as Brooke. Personal life. He married Remigia Ferrari-Scacco in 1947. They had two children. They divorced in 1979. He married Ann Fleming in 1979. Their marriage would last until Brooke's death in 2015. They had one child. He wrote a book about his life, "Bridging the Divide: My Life", in 2007. He lived in Coral Gables, Florida. In September 2002, he was diagnosed with breast cancer. He worked at raising awareness of the disease among men. Death. On January 3, 2015, Brooke died at his home in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 95 from natural causes.
Brandon Saad (born October 27, 1992, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 43rd overall pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Saad scored his first career NHL goal on February 5, 2013, against Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks. Before going to the NHL, he played 2 seasons with the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League. He won the gold medal with the United States at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On June 30, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Saad along with Alex Broadhurst and Michael Paliotta, to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Jeremy Morin, Marko Daňo, Artem Anisimov, Corey Tropp and a fourth-round draft pick in 2016.
Harry Flood Byrd, Jr. (December 20, 1914 – July 30, 2013) was an American politician. He represented Virginia in the United States Senate from 1965 to 1983.  Byrd was born in Winchester, Virginia. He served in the United States Army during World War II from 1941 to 1945. Byrd is best known for leaving the Democratic Party in 1971 and becoming an Independent, although he continued to support the Democratic Party and would call himself an Independent Democrat. He is the son of Harry F. Byrd, Sr., whom he replaced as senator. He retired in 1982. Byrd died from heart disease at the age of 98 on July 30, 2013. Early life. Byrd was born on December 20, 1914 in Winchester, Virginia. He studied at the Virginia Military Institute and at the University of Virginia. Career. Byrd served in the Senate of Virginia from 1948 to November 1965. In November 1965, Byrd's father resigned from the U.S. Senate for health reasons. At Harry, Sr.'s suggestion, Harry, Jr. was appointed to succeed him by Virginia Governor Albertis S. Harrison Jr.. He won a special election as a Democrat to serve the remainder of his father's term in 1966. Byrd was the first Independent politician to be elected to the U.S. Senate by a majority of the popular vote. In 1971, Byrd proposed a bill to allow the importation of various metals from Rhodesia. This was called the Byrd Amendment. It went against the position of the President and the United Nations Security Council. They didn't allow most forms of trade or financial exchange with Rhodesia, which had a white-controlled government. The bill passed. It allowed Rhodesia to trade with the U.S. until it was repealed in 1977. Byrd easily won reelection in 1976. He defeated Democrat Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. The Republicans concentrated in carrying Virginia knstead of running a candidate that year. Even as a senator, Byrd wrote regular editorial content for his
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae). He was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, a city in Moravia that in those years was part of the Austrian Empire and that now is part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he came to live in Vienna, where his father was the chief gardener of the botanical garden of the university. He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). In 1815 he became gardener at the garden for the Austrian flora at the Belveder palace. He was a participant in the Austrian Brazil Expedition from 1817 to 1821. While in Brazil from mid-1817 through 1821, Schott established and managed an introduction garden for accustoming living plants to more temperate climates in order to have them brought to Europe at a later date, made field trips, and prepared many notes concerning the plants and animals he saw. In 1821 Schott returned to Vienna, where he worked as gardener again. In 1828 he was appointed "Hofgärtner" (Royal Gardener) in Vienna, later serving as director of the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn Palace (1845). In 1852 he was in charge of transforming part of palace gardens in the fashion of an English garden. He also enriched the Viennese court gardens with his collections from Brazil. He was interested in plants that grow in high mountains, above the tree line, He developed a garden with that kind of plants (an alpine garden) at Belvedere in Vienna. He died at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, on 5 March 1865. Species named for Schott. Other botanists named plants in honour of Schott; some of them are:
Mount Carmel is a mountain in northern Israel. The mountain is a north-west branch from the Samaria Mountains to Haifa and the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Haifa is located at the base of the mountain and the connection to the sea. The mountain is above sea level. The Bahá'í World Centre is located on Mount Carmel. The Carmelit funicular metro and the Cable cars in Haifa, provide public transport between the mountain base and the mountain top. The name in Hebrew is ' (), which means "God's vineyard". In Arabic it is , ' or "", "Mount Saint Elias".
Coolbool Creek is an archaeological site site near the Wakool River in New South Wales, Australia. It is about half way between Swan Hill and Deniliquin. The site is near Doherty's Hut at Coobool Crossing, although the exact spot is unknown.  G. M. Black found 126 skulls at the site in 1950. It has been difficult to give an exact age for the skulls, but one has been dated to 14,300 years ago. Some of the skulls also show artificial cranial deformation. The age, location, and deformities make the site similar to another Pleistocene site at Kow Swamp. Some scientists have said that this shows they were part of the same population, but others have disagreed. Because Coolbool Creek skulls were found on the surface it is difficult to date them, and other scientists have argued that they might be much older. The skulls were kept at the University of Melbourne until 1984. They were returned to the local Aboriginal communities and reburied.
The Brontotheriidae, also called Titanotheriidae, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla. This is the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. On the outside, Brontotheres looked rather like rhinos, but they were actually more closely related to horses. They lived around 56–34 million years ago, until the end of the Eocene. Later brontotheres were huge, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in height with bizarre horn-like skull appendages.
Brandon Bollig (born January 31, 1987, in Saint Charles, Missouri) is an American retired professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks. He was not drafted by a team but the Blackhawks signed Bollig to a two-year entry-level contract and put him on their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played 2 seasons with the IceHogs and was called up to the Blackhawks on February 28, 2012. He scored his first NHL goal on April 14, 2012, against Mike Smith of the Phoenix Coyotes in a playoff game. Bollig also portrayed Will Cross, age 12 in the 2002 film Defiance. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On June 28, 2014 at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, the Blackhawks traded Bollig to the Calgary Flames in exchange for the 83rd overall pick in the draft.
The Birksgate Range is a scattered group of mountains in the northwest of South Australia. It is on the northeast edges of the Great Victoria Desert. It spreads for about from Iltur in the southeast to Watarru in the northwest. The northern portion of it is protected in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area. The range consists of granitic rock protrusions that have been weathered into rounded and rugged hills. They are not visibly connected to each other. Each are separated by flat plains and sand dunes. The mountains are fairly low in elevation; they are highest at the northern end. Prominent peaks in the range include the following: Mounts Lindsay (819 m) and Wooltarlinna are at the northeastern end of the range, near Watarru. Further southwest are Mounts Holder and Sir Thomas (773 m). From here the range spreads southeast along the edge of the desert and the hills generally become lower and more widely dispersed. Mount Poondinna (678 m) is the highest peak in the central part of the range. Mounts Cheesman and Yaroona (also spelled Yaruna) are further to the southeast. The southern end of the range is at Iltur (Coffin Hill). The Birksgate Range was named by the explorer David Lindsay, who led the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. He named the range for the man who funded and equipped their expedition, Sir Thomas Elder. "Birksgate" was the name of Elder's house in Adelaide.
David Johnny Oduya (born October 1, 1981) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of sixteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New Jersey Devils, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, Dallas Stars, Ottawa Senators, and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks, once in 2013 and again in 2015. Career. He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 221st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He first played in the NHL for the New Jersey Devils. He played 4 seasons with the Devils before he was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers on February 4, 2010 along with Niclas Bergfors, Patrice Cormier and a 1st round draft pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft for Ilya Kovalchuk and Anssi Salmela. He played 3 seasons with the Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets and was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2nd round pick and a 3rd round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On July 15, 2015, Oduya signed a two-year contract with the Dallas Stars. On 28 February 2017, the Stars would trade Oduya back to the Blackhawks in exchange for Mark McNeill and a fourth-round draft pick. On 24 July, Oduya would sign a one-year contract with the Ottawa Senators. The Senators would put Oduya on waivers and the Philadelphia Flyers would claim him on 26 February. He would only play one game with the Flyers before suffering a lower body injury on 10 March. He didn't play another game in the NHL after and would retire from playing professional ice hockey.
Black Gives Way to Blue is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. "Black Gives Way to Blue" was released on September 25, 2009. The album featured the singles "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision" and "Lesson Learned". It has sold a million copies around the world. "Black Gives Way to Blue" was the first Alice in Chains album to feature new vocalist/guitarist William DuVall, who took over after the death of former lead singer Layne Staley. The album was also the first studio album made by Alice in Chains since their self-titled album was released in 1995. It is the band's first album to be released on Virgin Records. The album got mainly good reviews. It was voted number 2 in Kerrang!'s top twenty albums of 2009. Music videos were released for "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision", "Acid Bubble" which is available as an interactive video on AliceinChains.com), "Last of My Kind" and "Lesson Learned". The song "Check My Brain" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards. Their song "A Looking in View" was also nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here is the fifth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. "The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here" was released on May 28, 2013. The album features the singles "Hollow", "Stone", and "Voices". Guitarist Jerry Cantrell said about the album, "I don't think you'll be surprised by anything you hear. ... It's us. But it's also really unique. It's got all the elements of any record we've put out, but it's unlike any record we've put out. Basically, it's the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, and it's going to be a big one."
Tipu Sultan (born Fateh Ali Tipu) (1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), is also known as Sher-e-mysoor, was the ruler of Mysore from 1782 to 1799. He was also a scholar, soldier and poet. Family background. Tipu Sultan was the eldest son of Sultan Hyder Ali according to widely recognised recordation of Punjabi chroniclers, he might belong to caste of the Sipra-Gill Jat patrilocal family. Tipu Sultan was born in Devanahalli in 1751. The birthplace of Tipu Sultan, located very close to the Devanahalli Fort is just a small pillared closed place with a stone tablet which declares the place to be the birthplace of Tipu Sultan. The area around the place is known as Khas Bagh. Tipu sultan introduced several new laws, including new coinage, a new lunisolar calendar and a new land revenue system. He(Tipu sultan) started the growth of the silk industry in Mysore. At the request of the French, he built a church, the first in Mysore. With French help, Tipu Sultan fought against the British to keep Mysore's independence. His ancestors were Muslim Sipra (Gill Jats) from Punjab History of Tipu Sultan. Tipu sultan was born in the Bangalore area of devanto Hyder Ali, a military officer and practical ruler of the kingdom of Mysore in the year 1751. His Father &amp; Mother named their baby Fateh Ali but after called him Tipu after the local saint Tipu Mastan Aulia.Soon, Hyder Ali’s career progressed and in 1761 he became the ruler of Mysore. Hyder Ali had a political alliance with the French, and Tipu studied military tactics and strategies from the French. He had some of the best tutors to teach him various subjects like shooting, riding and swordsmanship and joined his father in the 1766 invasion of Malabar. Tipu at age 15 with a force of only two to three thousand men captured the family
Wolf–Rayet stars (WR stars) are massive stars (over 20 solar masses initially). They are losing mass rapidly by means of a very strong stellar wind, with speeds up to 2000 km/s. While our own Sun loses about 10−14 solar masses every year, Wolf–Rayet stars typically lose 10−5 solar masses a year. (The last number is one million times larger than the second-to-last number.) Wolf–Rayet stars are extremely hot, with surface temperatures in the range of 30,000 K to around 200,000 K that make them look blue in color. They are also highly luminous, from tens of thousands to several million times the bolometric luminosity of the Sun, although not exceptionally bright visually since most of their output is in far ultraviolet and even "soft" X-rays. Wolf–Rayet stars are evolved, massive stars. Clarification of terms. In astronomy, luminosity is not quite the same thing as brightness. Luminosity measures the total amount of energy emitted&lt;/u/l&gt; by a star or other astronomical object in SI units of joules per second, which are watts. A watt is one unit of power, and just as a light bulb is measured in watts, so is the Sun, which has a total power output of 3.846×1026 W. This number is the basic metric used in astronomy: it is known as 1 solar luminosity, the symbol for which is formula_1.  Radiant power, however, is not the only way to conceptualize brightness, so other metrics are also used. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is the perceived brightness of an object from an observer on Earth at visible wavelengths. Other metrics are absolute magnitude, which is an object's intrinsic brightness at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The measure of luminosity is "bolometric magnitude", the total power output across all wavelengths.
Star formation means the earliest stages in a star's life. Dense regions of particles exist in molecular clouds known as "stellar nurseries". The clouds collapse under gravitation into spheres of plasma to form stars.  Stellar nurseries. High density regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) form clouds, or "nebulae", where star formation takes place.  Dense nebulae. In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H2) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds. The largest such formations, giant molecular clouds, have densities of 100 particles per cm3, diameters of , and masses up to 6 million solar masses, and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds. In the Milky Way there are about 6,000 molecular clouds, each with more than 100,000 solar masses. The nearest nebula to the Sun where massive stars are being formed is the Orion nebula, away. However, lower mass star formation is occurring about 400–450 light years distant in the ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex. A more compact site of star formation is the opaque clouds of dense gas and dust known as Bok globules; so named after the astronomer Bart Bok. The Bok globules are typically up to a light year across and contain a few solar masses. They can be seen as dark clouds against bright emission nebulae or background stars. Over half the known Bok globules have been found to contain newly forming stars. Spiral galaxies. A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, the remains of stars (stellar remnants) and a diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of gas and dust. The interstellar medium consists of 10–4 to 106 particles per cm3 usually of about 70% hydrogen by mass, with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium. This medium is chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime.  Elliptical galaxies. In contrast to spirals,
The Indulkana Range is a range of hills in the northwest of South Australia. It is sometimes called the Mount Chandler Range after its highest peak. It is located to the southwest of Indulkana, on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands. The mountains of the Indulkana area are part of the traditional country of the Yankunytjatjara and Antakarinya. The range consists of a series of parallel ridges running east to west. The southern side of the range ends in an escarpment, the most prominent point of which is Chambers Bluff. The rock is made up of quartzite and sandstone rock, resting on slates of kaolinised clay. At the eastern end of the range is Mount Chandler, which overlooks the settlement of Indulkana and the Indulkana Creek. It rises about from its base. It is made up of quartzite, quartz sandstone and sandstone. Slightly north of the escarpment, and following its path from east to west, is a series of gorges that split the hills. The gorges contain several reliable springs.
A hydrazone is the functional group with structure R1R2C=NNH2. They are like aldehydes or ketones, with an NNH2 group instead of the oxygen atom. They are made by reacting hydrazines with ketones or aldehydes: Hydrazones are very useful molecules to do some reactions. For example, a ketone can be reduced down completely if made into a hydrazine and then treated with sodium ethoxide (Wolff–Kishner reduction). Hydrazones are very important intermediates in many reactions, such as the Fischer indole synthesis. This makes indoles, groups which are found in many drugs.