ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Czechoslovak government-in-exile (sometimes called officially as: provisional government of Czechoslovakia) was an informal name given to the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, first by British diplomatic recognition. The name was used by other World War II Allies as they followed the British in recognizing it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to move to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz. It was the true government for Czechoslovakia throughout the Second World War. A specifically anti-Fascist government, it sought to reverse the Munich Agreement and the following German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and to return the Republic to its 1937 boundaries. Due to this it was considered, by those countries that recognized it, the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.
A rail train, otherwise referred to as simply a train, is a set of railway cars (also called vehicles) that are tied together with or without a locomotive. Trains are used to carry people, and also things like raw material, finished goods, cargo, and waste. The vehicles that carry freight are called "cars" (in the United States) or "wagons" (in the United Kingdom). The ones that carry passengers are often called coaches or carriages. A place where a train stops to let people get on and off is called a train station or railway station. Trains have their roots in wagonways, which used railway tracks and were powered by horses or pulled by cables. Following the invention of the steam locomotive in the United Kingdom in 1804, trains rapidly spread around the world, allowing freight and passengers to move over land faster and cheaper than ever possible before. Rapid transit and trams were first built in the late 19th century to transport large numbers of people in and around cities. Beginning in the 1920s, and accelerating following World War II, diesel and electric locomotives replaced steam as the means of motive power. Following the development of cars, trucks, and extensive networks of highways which offered greater mobility, as well as faster airplanes, trains declined in importance and market share, and many rail lines were abandoned. The spread of buses led to the closure of many rapid transit and tram systems during this time as well. History. Before steam trains there were "wagonways" where horses and people pulled cars over tracks made of stone and wood. A steam train made its first journey on 21 February 1804 at the Penydarren Iron Works in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, UK. The locomotive "Coalbrookdale" was built by "Richard Trevithick" helped by the owner of the ironworks Samual Homfray. The Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825 showed how a train could be run. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830 was the first to run passenger trains and freight trains in the way that trains run on most railways today. The use of trains were then to go from country
Elie Wiesel (; born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-American Jewish writer, teacher, political activist, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and Holocaust survivor. His most well-known book is "Night" which is about his life in several concentration camps during the Holocaust. He was a humanitarian.  Wiesel won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Committee praised his message "of peace, atonement and human dignity". Wiesel died on July 2, 2016 at his home in Manhattan, aged 87.
Leaked in London is a live EP that was recorded by Fall Out Boy in 2007. The EP was made in response to their fourth album, "Infinity on High", being leaked onto the internet three weeks before its actual release date. Those who bought "Infinity On High" could download "Leaked In London" from Fall Out Boy's website by using the CDPass software and inserting the "Infinity On High" CD into their computer. Track listing. All songs written by Fall Out Boy, except when noted.
Sullivan Bay is the site of the first official European settlement in Victoria, Australia. It is a very small bay near Sorrento, Victoria. It is close to the entrance of Port Phillip Bay, south of the city of Melbourne. In 1802, Governor Philip Gidley King in Sydney had written to Lord Hobart, Minister in charge of the colonies, in London, saying that Britain should start a settlement at Port Phillip Bay. King thought it would be good area for fishing and sealing. He was also worried that the French might settle in the area and then would control Bass Strait. Lieutenant John Murray had explored Port Phillip Bay in 1802 and thought that the Sorrento area would be a good spot to start a settlement. Leaving England. Lieutenant Governor David Collins was put in charge of starting the new settlement. He took 307 convicts, some with wives and children, 51 soldiers, 17 free settlers, some with wives and children, and a government staff of 12, and a clergyman, the Reverend Knopwood. The group of more than 400 people left England in April 1803, in the store ship “Ocean” and the convict ship “Calcutta.” The two ships sailed to Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, Capetown in South Africa, and arrived at Port Phillip Bay on 6 October and 8 October 1803. Only 14 people died on the trip. Collins was unable to find a good place to land that had drinking water and good soil. On 13 October 1803, he landed at Sullivan’s Bay, which he named after the Under Secretary of the Colonial War Department. Settlement. The new settlers were able to get water by putting wooden barrels into the sand, and letting the water in the ground soak into them. It was salty and not nice to drink. The soil was very sandy and not suitable for farming. There were very few trees suitable for cutting up into building timber. The sandy ground meant that heavy items could not be carried in a wagon, which would be stuck in the sand, but had to be dragged instead. The small entrance to the bay made it difficult
The Streamlined System for the Romanization of Bulgarian is a system of transliteration of the Bulgarian alphabet created by Lyubomir Ivanov in the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1995, which is defined by the following table: Origins and usage. The system was originally developed to serve for the Romanization of Bulgarian geographical names in Antarctica. It was adopted by the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria on 2 March 2005. An early explanation of the Streamlined System was made in 1997 to the US and UK Antartcic place-naming authorities. They had noticed the difference from their 1952 BGN/PCGN romanization of Bulgarian. The new system became subject to comparative study at the Department of English and American Studies at Sofia University. Subsequently, the system was chosen by the Bulgarian Government. It is the official transliteration system to be used in all identity documents, road signs, street names, official information systems, databases, local authorities’ websites etc. Eventually, the Streamlined System became part of Bulgarian law by way of the passed in 2009. The Streamlined system was adopted also by UN in 2012, and for official US and UK use, by BGN and PCGN in 2013. Ivanov proposes using his Romanization approach in the case of Cyrillic alphabets of other Slavic languages, notably Russian. Basic principles. The Streamlined System was designed with the aim of striking an optimal balance between the following partly overlapping and partly conflicting priorities: Exceptions:  It had been proposed to modify the Streamlined System so that Bulgarian letters Ъ and Ц were transliterated as "Ă" and "TZ" respectively. However, those proposals failed to gain wider acceptance, and were not adopted for official usage. Example (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights): Invertibility. The system is not invertible, for А, Ж, Й, Ц, Ш, Щ, Ю, Я are transliterated in the same way as are Ъ, ЗХ, Ь, ТС, СХ, ШТ, �
Natasha Jane Richardson (11 May 1963 – 18 March 2009) was a Tony Award-winning English stage and movie actress. Life and career. Richardson was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and movie director and producer Tony Richardson. She was the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. In 1994, she married Liam Neeson. Together, they had two children, Micheal (born 1995) and Daniel (born 1996). Early in her career she portrayed Mary Shelley and Patty Hearst in movies. She received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of "Anna Christie". She won the Tony Award for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical", the Drama Desk Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Musical", and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of "Cabaret".  Some of her best known movies included "Nell" (1994), "The Parent Trap" (1998 remake) and  "Maid in Manhattan" (2002).  Death. Richardson died in a hospital in New York City on March 18, 2009. She did not recover from brain damage that happened in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada. She was on vacation with her two sons.
Beetlejuice is a 1988 British fantasy-comedy-horror movie directed by Tim Burton. The movie stars Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Jeffrey Jones, Catherine O'Hara, Winona Ryder and Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice. A sequel, "Beetlejuice Beetlejuice", was released in 2024. Plot. Barbara (Geena Davis) and Adam (Alec Baldwin) Maitland decide to spend their holiday decorating their New England country home. Driving back from a trip to town, they crash the car and are killed. The story carries on with the couple going home as ghosts but they at first do not know that they are dead. The couple's house is then sold and in move the new owners from New York City. The Deetzes, who are Charles (Jeffrey Jones) and his wife Delia (Catherine O'Hara), her friend Otho (Glenn Shadix) and Charles' goth daughter Lydia (Winona Ryder) from his first marriage. The new couple then start to make changes to the house which upsets the ghosts. The Maitlands then try to scare the new owners out of the house but they are not good at scaring people. The ghosts can't be seen by anyone in the house other than by the daughter Lydia, with whom they become friends. They try to get a bad ghost to scare the new family out of the house and ask Beetlejuice to do it for them. But all he wants to do is marry Lydia so that he can come back to life.
Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an Academy Award, Golden Globe-winning and Emmy-nominated American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model. Geena Davis is also a member of Mensa International. Personal life. From 1982 until 1983, Geena Davis was married to Richard Emmolo. From 1987 until 1990, she was married to Jeff Goldblum. From 1993 until 1998, she was married to Renny Harlin. On September 1, 2001, she married Reza Jarrahy. They have three children, daughter Alizeh Keshvar Davis Jarrahy (born on April 10, 2002) and twin sons Kian William Davis Jarrahy and Kaiis Steven Davis Jerrahy (born on May 6, 2004).
Elisabeth Caroline Simms (born March 17, 1963 in southern Colorado), credited as Lise Simms, is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Biography. Lise grew up in southern Colorado. Her parents are Bill and Jacque Simms and is the sixth of nine children. Her brother, Tom Simms, is a Spanish teacher at Centennial High School. Lise graduated from Centennial High School in 1981, and from Oklahoma State University in 1985. Career. Broadway and theater. Lise began her acting career at age 13. She started doing Broadway after graduating from high school and starred in numerous plays such as "Other People's Money", "Mame", "Can-Can", "Sweet Charity", and "Bye Bye Birdie" during the 1980s. She was also a member of the original Los Angeles, California cast of "Beauty and the Beast" and toured around the world with "A Chorus Line" in 1986. Television. Simms was the host of Style Network's "Area". She had a recurring role on "Sunset Beach", but is best known for her role as "Barbara Diffy", Phil's mom in the Disney Channel original series "Phil of the Future", where she also played "The Timekeeper" in the episode "It's a Wonder-Phil Life". She had a recurring role as "Connie Wayne" in the soap opera "The Young and the Restless", and made guest appearances on "Friends", "Providence", "MADtv", "3rd Rock from the Sun", "" and many others. She performed for President Ronald Reagan in 1988's "Great Performances at the White House" series, which aired on PBS.  Most recently, Simms can be seen as co-host and interior designer on Home &amp; Garden Television's "Desperate Spaces". Simms works with co-host and designer Daniel Kucan to decorate a room of a home in just two days and with only $2,500. They choose 1 room from 3 deserving rooms in need. "Desperate Spaces" premiered January 1, 2008.
Crawford County is a county found in the state of Arkansas. At the 2020 census, 60133 people lived in Crawford County. Cities and towns. These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:
A medical abortion is an abortion where drugs are used to induce the abortion. In the 1970s, such abortions became an option to end the pregnancy during its first trimester. The drugs most often used in 2009 were mifepristone and methotrexate, either alone or in combination with a prostaglandin. Medical abortion is both safe and effective in many situations. In the United States, the mortality rate for medical abortion is 14 times lower than the mortality rate for childbirth. In the first trimester, the patient can the drugs used for medical abortion can take the drugs safely at home, without assistance. Starting with the second trimester, it is recommended to take the second drug in a clinic or provider's office.
The Durand Line is the international land border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South-Central Asia. It was established after an 1897 memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. Referred to as a frontier line, it is named after Mortimer Durand, who was the Foreign Secretary of colonial British India at the time. Later, Abdur Rahman Khan's successor, Amir Habibullah Khan signed a new agreement with Britain which again confirmed the legality of the Durand Line. King Amanullah Khan also accepted Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and British India after signing the Anglo-Afghan treaty of 1919. Article 5 of this treaty, on the basis of which Afghanistan reclaimed its independence, says that Afghanistan accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India. Hence, Afghanistan as an independent country recognized Durand line as an international border. The Durand Line cuts through the Afghan tribal areas, politically dividing ethnic Pashtuns and Baloch people who live on both sides. The line is internationally recognized by most countries as the western border of Pakistan, but Afghan governments after 1947 never recognized it. Afghan Pashtun leaders claim Pakistani territories and say that the Durand Line is "an issue of historical importance for Afghanistan. The Afghan people, not the government, can take a final decision on it." However, non-Pashtuns Afghans have always recognized durand line as international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Similarly, Pakistani Pashtuns have also recognized Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2017 President Hamid Karzai said Afghanistan "will never accept" the Durand Line.
Mazandarani (in Mazandarani: مازنی) is a Iranian language. It is spoken in northern Iran. Areas that use it are: Mazandaran, parts of gilan, west of Golestan, north of Tehran and Semnan and northeast of Qazvin. Between 7-8 million people speak it. Mazandarni is an older Iranian language.  Script and alphabet. Mazandarani language was written in the Pahlavi alphabet in the early centuries of Islam. The language uses the Arabic alphabet. Literature. Mazandarni language has the oldest literature among local languages in Iran. Among books written in this language are:
La Nuestra Tierra ("Our land") was a weekly newspaper edited by the IDEL (Leonese Studies Institute) between 2000 and 2004. Its content was mainly about Leonese territory and a 30% of it was written in Leonese language, from opinion articles to information in Leonese language.  This publication edited 162 numbers, and was supported by the European Union and the Leonese public administrations.
East Punjab used to be a region of India because it was separated from West Punjab, which became a part of Pakistan by the Radcliffe Line after India was divided in 1947. It is now known as Indian Punjab. It existed between 1947 and 1966, comprising the present-day states of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Chandigarh, and Delhi. It had an area of 200,037 km² and today it would have had an combined population of 70,913,826.
Caraway ("Carum carvi") (Ar. كراويه), also known as meridian fennel and Persian cumin, is a biennial plant with spicy-tasting seed in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia. Caraway was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.
Jonathan Stephen Ross OBE (born 17 November 1960) is a British television and radio presenter. He is currently a judge on the musical competition show "The Masked Singer" (2020–present) and its spin-off series "The Masked Dancer" (2021–present). Ross was born in St Pancras, London and raised in Leytonstone, London. His mother is Martha Ross. Paul Ross, Simon Ross and Miles Ross are his brothers. Ross has worked a lot on the BBC. On the BBC One television channel, Ross presented "The Film Programme" from 1997 and his own talk show, "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross" from 2001. He presented a radio show on BBC Radio 2 beginning in 1999. Ross decided to stop presenting all three shows and leave the BBC in 2010. He began presenting a new talk show, "The Jonathan Ross Show" on ITV1 on 3 September 2011. Ross is known for his difficulty in pronouncing the letter "r", which sounds more like the sound of a "w" in his speech. Ross was first on television in 1970 in an advert for Kellogg's Rice Krispies. Personal life. Ross married Jane Goldman in 1988. The couple have two daughters and a son.
Ef (Ф, ф) is the nineteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [f]. It comes from the Greek letter phi, and is equal to the number 500.
Kha (Х, х) is the twentieth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [x]. It comes from the Greek letter chi and stands as the Roman letters H and X.
Tse (Ц, ц) is the twenty-first letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ts]. Its lowercase italic form is "ц". It stands for the Roman letter C.
Che (Ч, ч) is the twenty-second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [tʃ]. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as "ch" in English and "tch" in French. It is read as "č" for words like "switch" or "change" The letter also is used for the "tch" sound.  History. The name for the letter "Che" appears to come from the word for "worm" or "чрьвь ("črĭvĭ")" In the Cyrillic numeral system, Che has a value of 90. Usage of Che. Slavic Languages. In every Cyrillic Slavic language except Russian, che represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /tʃ/. In Russian, the che is more similar to the Mandarin Chinese Pinyin sound for "J" making the "/t͡ɕ/" sound. In Serbian, the che makes more of a "tʂ" sound with the letter "Ћ" making a " /t͡ɕ/" sound.  Notes. Ч used to have a role for 60 instead of Ѯ. Ҁ used to have a role as 90.
Sha (Ш, ш) is the twenty-third letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ʃ]. Its lowercase italic form is "ш". It comes from the Hebrew letter shin. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as "sh" in English, "sch" in German, "ch" in French, "ş" in Turkish, "sz" in Polish and "š" in most Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Slovene, Croatian) using Gaj's latin aphabet.
Mikroglottika - An International Journal of Minority Languages Philologies, is a language scientific magazine about minority languages. The word "Mikroglottika" means "minority language studies". It encourages studies about minority languages philology, as phonology, syntax, lexicon and related topics. It is edited by Peter Lang in Germany. Teachers from Universities of several European countries also contribute. Its Yearbook 2008 has content about these languages:
An unsafe abortion is an abortion which is not done by a person which has the skills to do them (a licensed doctor), or in a place that does not meet at least basic standards of hygiene. Unsafe abortions can be very dangerous to the mother. Many women die or get a disease because they had an unsafe abortion. About 95 percent of unsafe abortions happen in developing countries. Method. Two very common ways that unsafe abortions are done are: Back-alley abortion. A back-alley abortion (Back-Yard Abortion in Australia) is the common slang term for an illegal abortion in the English-speaking world.  The method using the coat hanger, as described above, was known by many people. This method was not what was done normally, though. In fact, Mary Calderone, former medical director of Planned Parenthood, said, in a 1960 printing of the "American Journal of Public Health": "Abortion is no longer a dangerous procedure. This applies not just to therapeutic abortions as performed in hospitals but also to so-called illegal abortions as done by physician. In 1957 there were only 260 deaths in the whole country attributed to abortions of any kind, second, and even more important, the conference [on abortion sponsored by Planned Parenthood] estimated that 90 percent of all illegal abortions are presently being done by physicians. Whatever trouble arises usually arises from self-induced abortions, which comprise approximately 8 percent, or with the very small percentage that go to some kind of non-medical abortionist. Abortion, whether therapeutic or illegal, is in the main no longer dangerous, because it is being done well by physicians."  Herbal abortions (when done illegally) can also be described as back-alley abortions because they are not induced in a medical facility. Controversy. The argument of back-alley abortions was used to help make abortion legal in the United States. In 1973, the US Supreme Court decided that abortion should be legalized. It was treating a case called Roe v. Wade. Since then, it has become a central argument on the part of some prominent legal abortion advocates. Gerri Santoro died of blood loss after a back-alley abortion. Her photo was used extensively to