ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, director, producer and co-founder, together with William Hanna, of Hanna-Barbera. He was born in Manhattan and raised in Flatbush, Brooklyn. The studio produced well-known cartoons such as "Tom and Jerry", "The Huckleberry Hound Show", "The Flintstones", "The Jetsons", "Scooby-Doo" as well as the musical film, "Charlotte's Web.
William Denby "Bill" Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer and co-founder with Joseph Barbera of Hanna-Barbera. The studio made well-known cartoons, such as "Tom and Jerry", "The Huckleberry Hound Show", "The Flintstones", "The Jetsons", and "Scooby-Doo", as well as the musical movie, "Charlotte's Web.
Hanna-Barbera is a company that made cartoon television programs and movies. It was founded in 1956. Some of these cartoons were "Tom and Jerry", "Droopy", "Spike and Tyke", "Huckleberry Hound", "Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks", "Hokey Wolf", "The Jetsons", "The Flintstones", "Scooby-Doo", "Yogi Bear", "Piggy Doggy", "Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids", "Smurfs", "Wacky Races", "Wally Gator", and "Peter Potamus", and Charlotte's Web. It was started by and named after William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. In January 1992, Cartoon Network was launched. In February 2018, Hanna-Barbera studios started to produced series with Warner Bros. Animation. Hanna-Barbera Studios has many cartoon programs on the air for over now six decades. This studio competed with Disney, Filmation, Ruby-Spears, Looney Tunes and Warner Bros. to produce cartoons.
Australian English is the English that is used in Australia. History. People from Great Britain and Ireland first came to live in the Colony of New South Wales in what is now Australia in 1788. They brought different dialects of English along with them. The different kinds of English began to mix and to change. The newcomers soon began to speak with their own distinctive accent and vocabulary. More and more people came to Australia in the 19th and the 20th centuries. Many of them came looking for gold. Some came from the British Isles. Others came from non-English speaking countries. Australian English continued to grow and to change. Australian English has also been influenced by American English. During World War II, many soldiers from the United States stayed in Australia. American television shows and music have been popular in Australia since the 1950s. Accent. Australian and New Zealand English have similar accents.  In Australian English, the /r/ sound is dropped before a vowel. Many words sound different in other accents but the same in Australian English: Some Australian English vowels sound different to vowels of other kinds of English. For example, the vowel in "day" starts with a very open mouth, which makes the Australian "day" sound close to the "die" of most British or American people. Days of the week, however, are sometimes different, and the "day" can then sound like "dee" (usually short and sharp like the letter "d"). Australian English has some vowels that are not used in some other kinds of English. For example, the words "bad" and "lad" do not rhyme in Australia because "bad" has a long vowel, and "lad" has a short one. Also, "cot" does not sound like "caught", and "bother" does not rhyme with "father". As with American English, the /t/ sound can sometimes sound like a /d/ sound, ususally between vowels:  In Australia, the /t/ sound, followed by the sound of "you", comes out sounding like "chew", and a /d/ sound, followed by the sound of "you", comes out sounding like "Jew". These
Spruce are trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae. They live in the northern temperate and taiga regions of the Earth. Spruce are large trees, from 20 to 60 (–95) m tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their conical form and their needles, that are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old. Growth. More than half of spruce seedling mortality occurs during the first growing season and is very high during the first winter. Seedlings get freezing damage, frost heaving and erosion, and smothered by litter and snow-pressed vegetation.  Losses often remain high for some years. "Establishment" is a subjective concept based on the idea that once a seedling has successfully reached a certain size, not much is likely to prevent its further development. Classification. There are 35 species alive in the world. The Plant List has 59 accepted spruce names. The other list is World Flora Online.
A Christmas tree is a tradition associated with the celebration of Christmas. It is usually an evergreen coniferous tree that is cut and brought into the home. In Europe, the tree is traditionally a Norway spruce tree. The tree is decorated with Christmas lights and colourful ornaments during the days around Christmas. An angel or a star is often placed at the top of the tree. Fir trees outside the home may be decorated in a similar fashion. The custom of the Christmas tree has its origin among the Protestant peoples of Northern Europe. It is not a religious symbol.  In minority communities. There Is an annual Christmas tree lighting party in the courtyard of the YMCA in Gaza City () in the Gaza Strip.
Cell division is how a cell, called the parent cell, divides into two cells, called daughter cells. When the cell divides, everything inside it divides also. The nucleus and the chromosomes divide, and the mitochondria divide also. In mitosis, an ordinary body (somatic) cell divides to make two daughter cells. In meiosis, a cell divides twice, to produce four gametes (sex cells). The first division of meiosis is a special kind of cell division called a reduction division because the number of chromosomes is halved. The second division of meiosis is similar to mitosis. Cells are the 'building blocks' of life, and cell division is a basic feature of life. For simple unicellular organisms like Amoebozoa, one cell division reproduces the entire organism. On a larger scale, cell division can create offspring from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. But most importantly, cell division enables organisms that are able to sexually reproduce to develop from the one-celled fertilised egg (zygote). Cell division also allows for continual renewal and repair of the organism.
Saparmurat Niyazov (February 19, 1940 - December 21, 2006) was the first President of Turkmenistan. He served from October 27, 1991 to December 21, 2006. Saparmurat Niyazov also called himself Türkmenbaşy, which means leader of the Turkmen people. He tried to make a cult of personality, which means that he put many pictures and statues of himself around his country to make himself seem important. While he was president, Niyazov made doing many things against the law, such as growing a beard or ballet dancing. He died from a heart attack on December 21, 2006, and Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedow became the new president of Turkmenistan.
Spruce are trees in the genus "Picea". "Spruce" may also mean: Places: People:
In geography, temperate latitudes of the Earth lie between the subtropics and the polar circles. Average yearly temperatures in these regions are not extreme, not burning hot nor freezing cold. Temperate means moderate. Unlike in the tropics, temperatures can change greatly here, between summer and winter. So, most places with a temperate climate have four seasons: Other areas with a temperate climate can have very unpredictable weather. One day it may be sunny, the next may be rainy, and after that it may be cloudy. This is normal in summer as well as in winter. These are the main types of temperate climate: The 4 seasons in the temperate zone are Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter
The Lithuanian language is a Baltic language. It is from Lithuania, spoken in a few countries in Europe, as well as in the Americas and Australia.  Lithuanian and Latvian are the only remaining Baltic languages. Both languages have much in common. Lithuanian, however, adopted fewer words and phrases from German and other languages. However, many words were adopted into Lithuanian by Slavic languages long ago, but in 1920, Lithuanian philologist Jonas Jablonskis and others replaced them with native Lithuanian words. There are two main dialects of Lithuanian. "Samogitian" is used mostly in West Lithuania, and the other that is widely used in the whole country is "Aukštaitian" (Highlanders' dialect). The standard Lithuanian comes from West Aukštaitian.  The first book written in Lithuanian is "Katekizmas" by Martynas Mažvydas. It was published in East Prussia in 1547. Even though Lithuanian was written down relatively recently, it is known for being close to old Indo-European languages, keeping old traits found only in early languages like Vedic Sanskrit and lost in later languages.
Depeche Mode are an English electronic music band formed in Basildon, Essex in 1980. The band's name was taken from French fashion magazine, "Dépêche mode". This translates to "fashion update" or "fashion news dispatch". The band has sold over 100 million records around the world. Depeche Mode were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020. The band has two current members: Dave Gahan and Martin Gore.
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums around the teeth. Gingivitis may be caused by a buildup of plaque and tartar because the teeth have not been cleaned properly. It can also be a manifestation of a systemic disease, as in diabetes or AIDS. Sometimes excessive brushing or flossing can wear out the gums causing gum recession. If gingivitis is not treated by proper oral hygiene, it can lead to periodontitis, which is a more advanced state of gum disease, that affects the bone and is harder to treat.
The taiga is a large area of coniferous forests. It covers most of inland Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway, northern Kazakhstan and Russia (especially Siberia), as well as parts of the northern continental United States.  In Canada, boreal forest is the term used to refer to the southern part of these forests, while "taiga" is used to describe the northern areas south of the Arctic tree line that separates it from tundra. The trees are mostly pines, spruces and larches. The climate is cold winters and cool summers.
Conifers are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing seed plants.  All living conifers are woody plants which are perennial. Most are trees; some are shrubs. They are the Division Pinophyta or Coniferophyta. Living conifers are all in the order Pinales. Typical examples include cedars, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauris, larches, pines, redwoods, spruces, and yews. Species of conifers can be found in almost all parts of the world, and are often the most common plants in their habitats, as in the taiga. Conifers are of great economic value, and their wood is mainly used for timber and paper-making The wood of conifers is known as softwood, though yew wood is actually quite hard. The division "Coniferae" contains about 700 living species. Evolution. The earliest conifers were in the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) period (about 300 million years ago), Pinophytes, Cycads, and Ginkgos all developed at this time. These plants live without being so dependent on water. Other adaptations are pollen (so fertilisation can occur without water) and the seed, which allows the embryo to be transported and developed elsewhere. Conifers appear to be one of the taxa that benefited from the Permian–Triassic extinction event. They were the dominant land plants of the Mesozoic era. Conifers were eventually overtaken by their descendants, the flowering plants, which first appeared in the Cretaceous. Flowering plants became dominant in the Cainozoic era. Conifers were a main food of herbivorous dinosaurs, and their resins and poisons no doubt gave them some protection against herbivores. All the reproductive features of modern conifers had evolved by the end of the Mesozoic era.
In biology, binomial nomenclature is how species are named. The name of a species is made of two parts: one indicating the genus and one indicating the species. Binomial nomenclature means "two-part name" or "system of two-part names". History. The person who popularized this system for use was Swedish botanist and physician Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778). He gave a two-part name to every species he knew. This kind of naming had been used before Linnaeus by some naturalists, but after Linnaeus, it was accepted as a good method. Value of binomial nomenclature. The value of the binomial nomenclature comes from several things. It saves words because it replaces long descriptions, it is used everywhere, and the names are unique and stable. The system ended the use of local common names, which was the source of much confusion. When science was done by just a few European countries their common names for species were well-known. But as it happened, the common names in all countries was rather different. The same name might be used for more than one species, and several species given the same name. In the Linnaeus system, everyone uses the same name for the same species. Linnaeus chose Latin names: first, because it avoided competitive nationalism; second, because most educated people in his day learned Latin. The system has been a great success, but it does have some problems. It is not always clear what is a species and what is not. Although many species are quite clear, some are put into one species by some biologists, and into several species by others. Linnaeus himself noticed that species were not always distinct.Today we know something about why this is so. In practice, international committees make decisions about naming species in difficult cases. Where names come from. The components of a name may come from any source whatsoever. Often they are Latin words, but come originally from Greek. This is gradually changing, and names may now come from a Latinized version of a place, a person, a name from a local language, etc.
A system is a group of related things that work together as a whole. These things can be real or imaginary. Systems can be man-made things like a car engine or natural things like a star system. Systems can also be concepts made by people to organize ideas.  A subsystem is a system that is part of some larger system. For example, in computer networking, a disk subsystem is a part of a computer system. Definition. One of the founders of physiology, Claude Bernard, took a big step when he noticed that the internal systems of the body tend to keep things the same even if they are disturbed. He called the functions which keep system stable as homeostasis. This led towards the ideas of error-correction, feedback and regulation. These are all typical of systems which have some kind of goal and can adjust their behaviour so as to correct errors. Example. The Solar System is an example of a system. The Solar System includes the Sun and the eight planets, as well as the moons of those planets. These and other members are linked by gravity and by their history as a planetary system. Types of systems. There are many kinds of systems. The key is that the elements of a system work together as a whole whilst still keeping their own identity. This is why planetary systems and body systems are good examples. They work together but have their own separate identity.
Papaya is a tall herbaceous plant in the genus Carica; its edible fruit is also called papaya. It is native to the tropical region of America, mainly from southern Mexico to Central America. Now these plants are grown in all tropical regions of the world. Papayas are plants of tropical regions and, for growth and fruit production, they need a warm climate. They cannot live with low temperatures. This is now the only species in its genus. As a result of genetic research, the other species were put in three new genera. Names. The genus "Carica" was given that name by Linnaeus because the leaves of these plants are like those of the common fig ("Ficus carica"). The common name comes from the Taíno word "papáia" that was changed in Spanish to papaya, the word most used worldwide, with some changes. In Australia and some countries of the Caribbean, the fruit is called "papaw" or "pawpaw" but another North American plant, "Asimina triloba" of the Annonaceae family has also that name. The French name for the fruit is "papaye" and "papayer" for the plant. In Portuguese, the fruit is called "mamão", "papaia" or "ababaia" and the tree "mamoeiro" or "papaeira". In Kerala it commonly known as Kapanga - കപ്പങ്ങ. In Spanish, there are other names besides papaya. In Cuba, it is called "fruta bomba" except in the eastern provinces where papaya is used. In the Dominican Republic, Los Llanos (Venezuela) and Eastern Central Colombia, the name is "lechosa". In Argentina and Paraguay, the fruit is called "mamón". Other names and translations can be seen at Wiktionary. Overview. It is a large plant, like a tree, usually without branches; it is a herbaceous plant because the stem does not have much wood and remains soft and green until its death. The single stem grows from 5 to
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits. Most land plants today are flowering plants (Angiosperm or Magnoliophyta).  Together with the gymnosperms they make up the seed plants. They differ from the gymnosperms in that angiosperms have flowers, and have enclosed ovules. Gymnosperms have naked seeds on cones or open structures.  Typical adaptations. Angiosperms have a number of derived characters, which evolved as they split off from the gymnosperms. Flowers, the reproductive organs of flowering plants, are the most remarkable feature distinguishing them from other seed plants. Flowers, with their colour and their nectar, attract pollinators, which are mostly insects and birds. 95% of flowering plants in tropical lowlands rely on animals for pollination or dispersal of seeds. Although in general, this is true, it is not true of one great group of angiosperms: the grasses. The reason is not clear, but grasses dominate several of the largest land areas: in North America, Asia, and in Africa. They are all wind-pollinated. Gymnosperms were and are almost entirely wind-pollinated, but early flowers were probably all insect-pollinated. Some present-day flowering plants are wind-pollinated, but that is a secondary feature.p182 The fertilized angiosperm ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary develops into the fruit. The fruit is often a way to use animals to spread the seeds far and wide. The fruit is made out of the carpel and some tissue around it. The carpel carries structures called ovules, inside which egg cells form. In general, endosperms form after fertilization and before the first division of the zygote. Endosperm is a highly nutritive tissue that can provide food for the developing embryo, the cotyledons, and sometimes the seedling when it first appears. Specialized sexual parts have led to co-evolution in fertilization and seed dispersal. The stamens, and the male and female gametophytes, have been adapted in many ways to suit particular pollinators. The smaller pollen grain shortens the time
Amanda Joy "AJ" Michalka (born April 10, 1991) is an American singer and actress from Torrance, California. Her parents are Carrey Begley-Michalka and Mark Michalka. Her older sister is actress Alyson Michalka. She and her sister are in the band 78violet. She starred with her sister in the Disney movie "Cow Belles". She is of German-American ancestry. Biography. Amanda Michalka was born in Torrance, California in 1991. Her older sister, Alyson "Aly" Michalka and their parents moved to Seattle, Washington. There her parents made sure they were exposed to all varieties of music. They then moved back to Southern California, where they still live. Career. Michalka was in a number of WORD Music Productions at her church in Southern California as a young child. Michalka plays a variety of instruments such as acoustic guitar, electric guitar, piano, and bongos. She used to be a model for catalogs. In March 2006, she made her first appearance on the Disney Channel in the Disney Channel Original Movie "Cow Belles", as "Courtney Callum", along with sister Aly, as "Taylor Callum". She has also made appearances on shows such as "Oliver Beene", "Six Feet Under", "The Guardian", and "General Hospital". She also appeared with her sister in the MTV movie, "".
A grape tomato is a small, usually oblong tomato. They are similar in size to a small cherry tomato and they both have a similar taste, but the grape tomato also has the similar oblong shape of a plum tomato. The tomatoes were introduced to the United States market in 1997 by grower Andrew Chu, who got them from Taiwan's Known-You Seed Co, though the majority of the production is by a company called Procacci Brothers, who market them as "Santa Sweets". They are considered a difficult crop to grow, as they do not produce as heavily as many cherry tomato varieties. It is believed that the tomatoes originated in Southeast Asia. They are eaten as bar snacks in some parts of Thailand.
Adolf von Henselt (born Schwabach, Bavaria, May 9 1814; died Warmbrunn (now Cieplice), Silesia, October 10 1889) was a German pianist and composer. He had piano lessons from Hummel in Weimar. When he was a young man he played in concerts all over Germany. Then he went to Russia where he was very successful and he settled there to live. He became pianist at the court of the tsar and taught the tsar’s children how to play the piano. Henselt was known for his beautiful playing of the music of Chopin. He was very good at playing widely spaced arpeggios and could make them sound very smooth (legato) even if he was not using the pedal. As a composer he is mostly remembered today for a few of his short works which are often quite sentimental, e.g. "Frühlingslied" ("Spring Song") and "Si oiseau j’étais" ("If I were a bird").
The cherry tomato is a type of tomato that is a fruit. This type of tomato was originally developed in Israel. Israeli scientists Haim Rabinowitch and Nachum Kadar from the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot bred one of the varieties of cherry tomatoes in 1973.