ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
From 17-31 July 2021, China's Henan province has been affected by flooding caused by a long period of heavy rainfall. There had been record-breaking maximum rainfall in an hour, , was seen in Zhengzhou, the capital of the province. The floods and landslides have killed least 56 people with at least 5 went missing. 585,193 people were evacuated, 919,519 were relocated, and 7.579 million people were affected.  The floods were made more likely because of extreme weather caused by climate change in China.
Tuomo Sakari Ylipulli (3 March 1965 – 23 July 2021) was a Finnish ski jumper. He was born in Rovaniemi, Finland. He won a gold medal in the Team large hill competition at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. He also won two gold medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1985 and 1987. Ylipulli died on 23 July 2021 in Helsinki, Finland at the age of 56.
Marshall Herff "Do" Applewhite Jr. (May 17, 1931 – March 26, 1997) was an American cult leader. He co-founded what became known as the Heaven's Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997, which killed 39 people. Applewhite was born in Spur, Texas.  In 1954, Applewhite was drafted by the United States Army and served in Austria and New Mexico as a member of the Army Signal Corps. Applewhite believed in the ancient astronaut hypothesis, which said that extraterrestrials had visited humanity in the past and put humans on Earth and would return to collect some people. Applewhite killed himself during the Heaven's Gate mass suicide by drinking barbiturate at his Rancho Santa Fe, California mansion, aged 65.
Rancho Santa Fe is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California, United States. It is within the San Diego metropolitan area. The population was 3,156 at the 2020 census.
David Reimer (born Bruce Peter Reimer; 22 August 1965 – 4 May 2004) was a Canadian man who was born male but raised as a girl following medical advice and after his penis was badly injured during a circumcision gone wrong in infancy. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Reimer's parents were told to raise him as a girl by Dr John Money. He displayed a lot of masculine behavior, including urinating while standing up over the toilet. Reimer realized that he was not a girl between the ages of 9 and 11 years.  He reverted to living as a male at age 15. His surgery gone wrong has been used as an example of what not to do and became known as the "John/Joan" case. Reimer later went public with his story to help people not go through similar medical practices.  Reimer, who was suffering from depression, killed himself on 4 May 2004 in Winnipeg after shooting himself outside a grocery store, aged 38.
John Wayne Bobbitt (born March 23, 1967) and Lorena Bobbitt (née Gallo; born October 31, 1969) were an American couple married on June 18, 1989 and lived in Manassas, Virginia. Their relationship became well known in 1993 when, after claims of years of rape and abuse by her husband, Lorena cut off his penis with a knife while he was asleep in bed. The penis was surgically reattached.  John was born in Buffalo, New York and Lorena was born in Guayas Province, Ecuador. John Bobbitt was acquitted on the rape charge. Lorena Bobbitt was found not guilty for reason of insanity. In 1995, after six years of marriage, John and Lorena finalized their divorce. After the events, John starred in two pornographic movies in the 1990s and said in 2018 that his penis is "back to normal". Lorena was invited by President Abdalá Bucaram for an official dinner and later became godparents to each other's children in 1996. In December 1997, Lorena was charged with assault for punching her mother, Elvia Gallo, as they watched television. She was eventually acquitted of assault and in 2007, she founded Lorena's Red Wagon organization, which helps prevent domestic violence through family-oriented activities.
Sayed Mohamed Idris Al Sanusi (; Al Sayed Prince Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi al Sanusi; 12 March 1890 – 25 May 1983) was a Libyan political and religious leader. First, he was the chief of the Sanusi Muslim Order. Then, he became the Emir of . Eventually, Idris became the King of the United Kingdom of Libya (renamed as the Kingdom of Libya in 1963) in 1951. In 1969, Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi took control of Libya by force which ended the reign of Idris. Early life. Sayed Mohamed Idris Al Sanusi was born on 12 March 1890 in Jaghbub. Jaghbub is a remote oasis in Cyrenaica, an Ottoman district. Nowadays, Cyrenaica is located in the north east of Libya. In Jaghbub, he studied Islamic law and theology. Idris was the grandson of Shaikh al Sayed Mohamed Ali ibn Sanusi (1787-1859). Mohammed Ali grew up in Algeria. Later, he founded the Sanusi Order after his migration to Libya. The Sanusi Order began as a religious movement which preached the return to the beliefs and rituals of early Islam. As soon as the movement became bigger, it obtained political power. The name of Idris' father is Mohamed El Mahdi Al Sanusi. In the 1880's, he was the head of the Sanusi Order. Under him, the Sanusi Order had power over the nomadic tribes of the Libyan Desert. He also had a lot of followers across Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. Cyrenaica: Idris' rise to power. Sanusi Order and the Italian invasion. The Kingdom of Italy invaded Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to acquire colonies, in what is known as the Italo-Turkish war (1911-1912). The Sanusi Order led by Idris’ uncle, Ahmed Shari as-Sanusi, was one of the key fighters against this invasion. Tripolitania was under Ottoman rule during this time and
Sheldon Lee Glashow (, ; born December 5, 1932) is an American theoretical physicist. He is the Metcalf Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Boston University. He is also a professor emeritus, at Harvard University. He is known for his works about the unification of electroweak interactions. He won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics alongside Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam. Glashow was born in New York City. He studied at Cornell University and Harvard University. In 1972, he married Joan Shirley Alexander. They have four children.
Steven Weinberg (; May 3, 1933 – July 23, 2021) was an American theoretical physicist. He won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for his works with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interactions.  Weinberg was born in New York City. He studied at Cornell University and Princeton University. In 1954, he married law academic Louise Goldwasser. They have one daughter, Elizabeth. Weinberg is Jewish and a liberal. Weinberg died on July 23, 2021 at a hospital in Austin, Texas at the age of 88.
Louise Weinberg (née Goldwasser; born December 5, 1932) is an American legal scholar. She is known for being the chairholder and law professor at the University of Texas Law School. She is known for her "judicial federalism" legal theory.  Weinberg was born in New York City. She studied at Cornell University and at Harvard University. From 1954 until his death in 2021, she was married to physicist and Nobel winner Steven Weinberg. They had one daughter.
Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist. He is Institute Professor and Professor of Physics, "Emeritus, "at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor, for work showing an internal structure for protons later known to be quarks.  Friedman was born in Chicago, Illinois to a Jewish family. He studied at the University of Chicago. In 1956, he married Tania Letetsky-Baranovsky. They have four children. In 2003, he was one of 22 Nobel winners who signed the Humanist Manifesto. He is an atheist. In 2017, he was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea.
Henry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926 – February 15, 1999) was an American particle physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 with Jerome Isaac Friedman and Richard E. Taylor for their works on the scattering of electrons on protons and the creation of the quark model in particle physics. Kendall was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Amherst College and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kendall died, aged 72, while diving the cave at the Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park in Wakulla County, Florida on February 15, 1999. He ran out of oxygen while ignoring safety protocols, which his autopsy found to be on purpose because of a physiological issue.
Alfred Léonard Loewenstein (11 March 1877 – 4 July 1928) was a Belgian banker and businessman. Loewenstein was worth around £12 million in the currency of the time (equivalent to £ million in ), making him the third richest person in the world at the time.  Loewenstein died on 4 July 1928 after his body fell out of his private plane that was travelling over the North Sea, aged 51. The reason why he fell out of the plane is unknown as murder, accidental or suicide have been not been ruled out.
Tsung-Dao Lee (; November 24, 1926 – August 4, 2024) was a Chinese-American physicist. He was born in Shanghai. He is known for his work on parity violation, the Lee Model, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars.  He was a University Professor Emeritus at Columbia University, where he taught from 1953 until his retirement in 2012. In 1957, Lee, at the age of 30, won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Chen Ning Yang for their work on the violation of the parity law in weak interactions. Lee died in San Francisco, California on August 4, 2024, at the age of 97.
, usually known as Sin-Itiro Tomonaga in English, was a Japanese physicist and important in the creation of quantum electrodynamics. For this, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 along with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger. Tomonaga was born in Tokyo. Tomonaga died on July 8, 1979 in Tokyo of throat cancer, aged 73.
Samuel Chao Chung Ting (, born January 27, 1936) is a Chinese-American physicist. With Burton Richter, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976 for discovering the subatomic J/ψ particle. He has been the principal investigator in research with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.  Ting was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan.
Arno Allan Penzias (; April 26, 1933 – January 22, 2024) was a German-born American physicist and radio astronomer. Along with Robert Woodrow Wilson, he discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation, which helped create the Big Bang theory of cosmology. He and Wilson won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics. Penzias was born in Munich, Germany and raised in New York City. He studied at Columbia University. Penzias died from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease in San Francisco, California on January 22, 2024, at the age of 90.
William Alfred Fowler (August 9, 1911 – March 14, 1995) was an American nuclear physicist. With Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, he won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is known for his theoretical and experimental research into nuclear reactions within stars and the energy elements produced in the process. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Fowler died on March 14, 1995 in Pasadena, California from kidney failure, aged 83.
Carlo Rubbia, (born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN. He was born in Gorizia, Italy. He also promoted nuclear power and particle accelerator by thorium. He was elected a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science and the Academia Europaea in 1992.
Russell Alan Hulse (born November 28, 1950) is an American physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1993, which he shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., for the discovery of a new type of pulsar and his studies on gravitational waves. In 2004, Hulse joined University of Texas at Dallas and became the Founding Director of UT Dallas Science and Engineering Education Center (SEEC).
Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (born March 29, 1941) is an American astrophysicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1993 for his discovery with Russell Alan Hulse of a "new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation". Taylor Jr. was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Harvard University.
Clyde Lorrain Cowan Jr (December 6, 1919 – May 24, 1974) was an American physicist. He was the co-discoverer of the neutrino along with Frederick Reines. The discovery was made in 1956 in the neutrino experiment. Frederick Reines received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 in both their names.
David Morris Lee (born January 20, 1931) is an American physicist. He shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas Osheroff for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. Lee is professor emeritus of physics at Cornell University and distinguished professor of physics at Texas A&amp;M University. Lee was born in Rye, New York.
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (born 1 April 1933) is a French physicist. He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Chu and William Daniel Phillips for research in methods of laser cooling and trapping atoms. He is still an active researcher, working at the École normale supérieure (Paris). He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.
William Daniel Phillips (born November 5, 1948) is an American physicist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics, in 1997, with Steven Chu and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. In 1996, he received the Albert A. Michelson Medal from The Franklin Institute. Phillips is also a professor of physics, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences at University of Maryland, College Park.
There were 19 hijackers in the September 11 attacks, part of an Islamist terrorist group called al-Qaeda. The 19 hijackers hijacked four aircraft; American Airlines Flight 11 had five hijackers and was flown into the North Tower of the World Trade Center, United Airlines Flight 175 had five hijackers and was flown into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, American Airlines Flight 77 had five hijackers and was flown into The Pentagon, and United Airlines Flight 93 had four hijackers and crashed outside of Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Chosen. Mohamed Atta was the leader of the hijackers, and helped carry out the attacks. (Pilot-hijackers in bold)
Horst Ludwig Störmer (born April 6, 1949) is a German physicist. He is a emeritus professor at Columbia University. He was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Daniel Tsui and Robert B. Laughlin "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations", also known as the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Sir John Ernest Walker (born 7 January 1941) is a British chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997. Walker is Emeritus Director and Professor at the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit in Cambridge, and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1998.
Clifford Glenwood Shull (September 23, 1915 – March 31, 2001) was an American physicist. He won the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics with Bertram Brickhouse. Shull's awards include the Buckley Prize, which he received from the American Physical Society in 1956, and election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1956) and to the National Academy of Sciences (1975).
The Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament (ISC) is a group in the Parliament of the United Kingdom that is responsible for making sure that what the UK intelligence community does is allowed or okay. The Committee was created in 1994 by the Intelligence Services Act 1994, and they were given more power by the Justice and Security Act 2013. Structure. The ISC is not like other committees in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, being a statutory committee instead of a more common select committee. It was originally made under the Intelligence Services Act 1994. The committee would later have what it does changed, and what it can do expanded by the Justice and Security Act 2013. How independent it is has been, in the past, questioned by journalists and interest groups but the ISC says it is independent because it is made of MPs and peers from different parties and runs in a neutral manner. The ISC got stronger power under the Justice and Security Act 2013 which also made it so that the Prime Minister didn't decide who was in the group anymore.
Boana bandeirantes is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen it higher than 400 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 27.1–29.1 mm long from nose to rear end and one adult female frog was 31.2 mm long. It has a little webbing on its front feet and more on its back feet. The skin of its back has four light brown stripes with darker brown in between. It has some white color on its face and two dark brown stripes from its nose over the eye down to where the legs meet the body.
The Senate of Virginia is a part of the Virginia General Assembly. The general assembly is the legislature for Virginia. The Senate of Virginia is the upper house, while the Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house. The senate has 40 members called senators. The leader of the senate is called the president and is also the lieutenant governor. The current president is Justin Fairfax. There is a second position called the Pro tempore if the president is absent or unavailable. The senate holds elections every 4 years. The last election was on November 5, 2019 and the next election is on November 7, 2023.
The Virginia House of Delegates is a part of the Virginia General Assembly. The general assembly is the legislature for Virginia. The house is the lower house, while the Senate of Virginia is the upper house. The house has 100 members called delegates. The leader of the house is called the Speaker of the House. The Speaker is internally elected. The current Speaker is Todd Gilbert. The leader of the largest party is called the majority leader. The leader of the smallest party is called the minority leader. The House of Delegates holds elections every 2 years. The last election was on November 2, 2021, and the next election is on November 7, 2023. History. The House of Burgesses was the representative body for the Virginia General Assembly. The House of Burgesses became the House of Delegates in 1776.
The 2021 Virginia gubernatorial election happened on November 2, 2021, to elect the next governor of Virginia. Incumbent Governor Ralph Northam is unable to run, as the Constitution of Virginia does not allow terms to be served in a row. The Democratic Party chose previous Governor Terry McAuliffe, and the Republican Party chose Glenn Youngkin. Teacher Princess Blanding ran under the new Liberation Party. In the general election on November 2, Republican Glenn Youngkin won the election over Democrat and former Governor Terry McAuliffe, making him the first Republican to win a statewide election in Virginia since 2009. Republican convention election. A convention is a different way to choose a person for an election. This Republican convention used a method of voting called instant-runoff voting to choose a person for the general election. The Republican Party of Virginia chose a convention on December 5, 2020 with a vote. The vote was 41 to 28. This decision started debates internally. At first, state senator Amanda Chase was going to run as an independent, but decided to run in the convention.
United Airlines Flight 328 was a scheduled flight from Denver International Airport in Denver, Colorado, to Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii. On February 20, 2021, the Boeing 777-222 (registered N772UA) operating the route suffered an engine failure while flying over Broomfield, Colorado. The airplane then returned to Denver International Airport. The failure to the engine caused a fire in the engine damage to the aircraft's body. Aircraft. The incident aircraft, N772UA, is a Boeing 777 which flies for United Airlines. It was built in November 1994 and given to United Airlines in September 1995. At first, the aircraft was a part of a test to approve its entry to fly commercially. Investigation. As of July 25, 2021, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is looking into the incident. Debris was collected. The NTSB found that two blades on the engine were broken and the damage done to be the same as metal fatigue.
Avianca Flight 203 was an internal flight from El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá, Colombia to Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport in Cali, Colombia. On November 27, 1989, the Boeing 727-21 (registered HK-1803) was destroyed by a bomb while flying over Soacha. All 107 passengers and 3 people on the ground were killed. The bombing was ordered by the Medellín drug cartel. Aircraft. The aircraft was a Boeing 727-21 with registration HK-1803. It was built in 1966 and delivered to Pan Am on May 28, 1966. In 1975, the aircraft was bought from Avianca. The aircraft changed registrations when bought. Flight. Flight 203 took off at 7:13 a.m. Shortly after, while at , a bomb was set off, causing fuel to explode. A second explosion made the front of the aircraft to separate from the back of the aircraft. The debris was spread across the town of Soacha. All 107 passengers and crew and 3 people on the ground were killed.  Aftermath. An investigation found the cause of the explosion to be plastic explosives. Drug cartel leader, Pablo Escobar, planned the bombing. The reason was to kill Colombian presidential candidate, César Gaviria Trujillo. However, Gaviria did not get on the plane, and became the president of Colombia. In popular culture. The bombing was shown in Season 1 of the television show, Narcos.
George Francis Abbott (June 25, 1887 – January 31, 1995) was an American theater producer and director, playwright, screenwriter, and movie director and producer. His career lasted from 1913 until 1995. He won six Tony Awards, a Pulitzer Prize and Drama Desk Award. Abbott was born in Forestville, New York. He was known for directing and writing many Broadway plays. Abbott died on January 31, 1995 in Miami Beach, Florida from a stroke at the age of 107.
Orlando Drummond Cardoso (October 18, 1919 – July 27, 2021) was a Brazilian actor and comedian. He was best known for his works as Seu Peru in the series "Escolinha do Professor Raimundo" and also as the voice of "Scooby-Doo", "Alf", and "Popeye". He was born in Rio de Janeiro. Drummond died on July 27, 2021 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 101.
West Springfield is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 23,369 at the 2020 census. Location. West Springfield is located in Fairfax County at (38.788436, −77.232802). The town borders (touches) the Norfolk Southern Railway to the north, Accotink Creek to the east, Fairfax County Parkway to the south, and Pohick Creek to the west. Composition. At the 2010 census there were 22,460 people, 10,289 houses, and 7,840 families in the CDP. The racial makeup of the CDP was 75.31% White, 4.89% African American, 0.28% Native American, 13.91% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.55% from other races, and 3.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.33%. According to a 2007 estimate, the average income for each house was $97,203, and the average income for families was $106,667. Males had an average income of $61,953, and females had an average income of $40,380. About 1.7% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 0.5% of those age 65 or over. Education. Fairfax County Public Schools operates public schools.
Henry Danton (born Henry David Boileau Down; 30 March 1919 – 10 February 2022) was a British dancer and teacher of classical ballet. He was born in Bedford, England. He worked at Sadler's Wells Ballet. In the UK, Danton performed as a soloist in the International Ballet partnering Mona Inglesby in "Les Sylphides" and "Swan Lake" 1943–44. Danton died on 10 February 2022 at the age of 102.