ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Gerardus Mercator, also called Gerhard Kremer, and born Gérard de Crémère (1512 – 1594), was a Flemish geographer and mathematician from Belgium. He explored Flanders and made globes about the earth and the sky. He became one of the best mapmakers of the 16th century. The Mercator projection that has his name is a flat map projection of the features of the surface of the earth that can be seen and made only mathematically. It was found to be excellent for navigating on oceans and is still used today. In 1585 he began a great atlas that was later finished by his son. His last years he used for studying theology. Mercator was born in Rupelmonde and died in Duisburg.
Almond cake is a cake, made of butter, sugar, almond essence, eggs, ground almonds, and flour, with whole almonds for decoration Variations. Some types of almond cake are:
The countries of the United Kingdom are the non-sovereign countries that make up the UK. They share the same head of state, passport, military and sovereignty under the name of the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".  In decreasing order of area they are : Terminology. The United Nations and UK government says that the United Kingdom is officially made up of 2 countries (England and Scotland), one principality (Wales) and one province (Northern Ireland). However, Wales has not formally been a principality since the 16th century with the . In 2011 the International Organization for Standards updated its standard to define Wales as a country after the Welsh Government asked for the status to be corrected. Northern Ireland has been described variously as a country, province or region.
Ante Starčević (23 May 1823 – 28 February 1896) was a Croatian politician and publisher. Life. Starčević was born in Žitnik near Gospić, a small town of the Military Frontiers, in what was then Austria-Hungary. He was the son of a Serb Orthodox mother and Catholic father. In 1845, he graduated from secondary school in Zagreb. He started his studies at the seminary in Senj, but moved to Pest in the year of 1845 so he could go to a Roman Catholic theological seminary - which he finished in 1848. After passing a number of philosophy and free sciences classes, he earned a degree in 1846. Starčević returned to Croatia and continued studying theology in Senj. Instead of becoming a priest, he chose to get involved in secular pursuits. He started working in the law firm of Ladislav Šram in Zagreb. He then tried to get an academic post with the University of Zagreb. As he was unsuccessful, he stayed in Šram's office until 1861 even though he was no longer allowed to practice law after 1857. He was also a member of the committee of Matica ilirska, a Croatian cultural society, in the Historical Society and in the editorial board of "Neven", a literary magazine. In 1861, he was appointed the chief notary of the Fiume county. That same year, he was elected to the Croatian Parliament as the representative of Fiume. He started the Croatian Party of Rights with Eugen Kvaternik. Starčević was elected to the parliament again in 1865, 1871, and from 1878 to his death. In 1862, when Fiume was the scene of protests against Austrian Empire, he had to stay in prison for one month because he was thought to be enemy of the government. When he was released, Starčević returned to Šram's office, where he stayed until 11 October 1871, when he was arrested again, this time on the occasion of the Rakov
An oligosaccharide is a polymer of a few different simple sugars. Oligosacchardides are carbohydrates. When they are hydrolized, oligosaccharides give 3 to 10 monosaccharides. Oligosacharides are formed when 3 to 10 monosaccharide units combine with each other by the loss of water molecules, resulting in the formation of a glycosidic linkage. Conversely hydrolysis of an oligosaccharide in water in the presence of an acid or enzyme yields 3 to 10 monosaccharide units. Oligosaccharides which consist of two monosaccharides units are called as disaccharide. Oligosaccharides containing 3 monosaccharides are called trisaccharides.
A think tank is a special organization which helps other organizations and groups with problems they do not know how to solve. They do this by providing data or knowledge, and by discussing the options in detail. They get their information by doing research, and by collecting ideas and data from a wide range of sources. Origins. The first think tank was the British Royal United Services Institute (1831), though of course the term "think tank" is much later, post World War II. Non-government institutions in the United States started early in the 20th century. The Arthur D. Little consultancy, incorporated in 1909, pioneered the idea of contracted professional services. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was founded in 1910. The Institute for Government Research, which later merged into the Brookings Institution, was formed in 1916. Other early twentieth century organizations now classified as think tanks include the Hoover Institution (1919), and Chatham House in London (1920). The Great Depression and its aftermath spawned several economic policy organizations, such as the National Planning Association (1934) and the Committee for Economic Development (1943). The cold war era. Think tanks of the modern kind started after the Second World War, in the cold war era. The RAND Corporation was started in 1946 inside the Douglas Aircraft Company, and was set up as an independent corporation in 1948. The name was taken from R&amp;D (research and development), though in fact it did no development. The RAND used the same operations research (O.R.) methods which scientists had developed during the war. This was the application of knowledge, scientific methods and thinking to solve the new problems posed by the war. After the war, the RAND used very similar techniques, mostly based on the hard sciences like maths, physics and economics. It was and still is funded mainly by the American government. The cold war period raised the question of how the American government might handle nuclear weapons in bargaining and negotiating with the Soviet Union. This was the speciality of Herman Kahn, a RAND staff member who set up his own think tank in 1961, called the Hudson Institute. His publications on how to think about these issues, and those of Thomas Schelling, were landmarks in the post-war history of negotiating strategy. Modern period. More recently, think tanks have specialised into particular areas of interest, such as foreign policy. Many have become advocates for political interests, doing research which can be used by public relations and lobbying groups.
A solar calendar is a calendar based on the position of the earth in relation to the sun. There are tropical solar calendars. There are non-solar calendars like sidereal calendars and lunar (moon) calendars As well as hybrids including lunisolar calendars, a hybrid of solar days and lunar months.
Fox Major League Baseball (shortened as Fox MLB and MLB on FS1) is FOX Sports's broadcast of Major League Baseball. It began on June 1, 1996 and continue through at least 2021. Early Years: 1996-2000. Major League Baseball made a deal with FOX and NBC on November 7, 1995. FOX televised regular season games (about 16 weekly telecasts normally beginning on Memorial Day weekend) on Saturday afternoons, selected Division Series games, and alternated the All-Star Game, League Championship Series and the World Series with NBC each year. To better state this, FOX aired the All-Star Game aired American League Championship Series in odd-numbered years while airing the National League Championship Series and World Series in even-numbered years. Exclusivity: 2001-2006. In September 2000, Major League Baseball and FOX signed a 6-year contract to air Saturday baseball, the All-Star Game, selected Division Series games, and exclusive coverage of the League Championship Series and the World Series. New Contract: 2007-2021. Rumors about the end of "Major League Baseball on FOX" were laid to rest on July 11, 2006 when the network announced they would still air the World Series through the 2013 season. It was announced on October 17, 2006 that FOX would retain the All-Star Game and World Series, except they would air the regular season beginning with the first Saturday of the regular season, and postseason coverage beyond the World Series was limited to one League Championship Series a year, alternating one for the other with TBS each year, airing the other LCS. Other Websites. https://barrettmedia.com/2025/02/25/mlb-on-fox-reveals-2025-regular-season-schedule-includes-10-appearances-by-dodgers-cubs/ https://www.tvinsider.com/show/mlb-baseball/
The National League Championship Series (NLCS) is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two League Championship Series comprising the penultimate round of Major League Baseball's (MLB) postseason. It is contested by the winners of the two National League (NL) Division Series. The winner of the NLCS wins the NL pennant and advances to the World Series, MLB's championship series, to play the winner of the American League's (AL) Championship Series. The NLCS began in 1969 as a best-of-five playoff and used this format until 1985, when it changed to a best-of-seven format.. History. In 1969, the LCS began play as the leagues were expanded to two divisions. Initially, it was a best-of-five series. In 1985, it became best-of-seven. Since 1995, the two winners from the National League Division Series advance to the NLCS.
The 2004 American League Championship Series (ALCS) was a best-of-seven playoff series in the 2004 Major League Baseball season. It featured the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox. The Red Sox beat the Yankees in seven games. It was a rematch of the 2003 ALCS. The Yankees won the first three games of the series. The Red Sox then won the next four to win the series. This was the first time a team won a best-of-seven playoff series after losing the first three games. Prior to this, no team in Major League Baseball even forced a game 7 after trailing 3 games to none. Game 1. The Yankees won the first game by a score of 10-7. They scored six runs off Red Sox starter Curt Schilling. Mike Mussina pitched a perfect game through six innings. The Red Sox rallied for five runs in the seventh and two in the eighth, but came up short. Game 2. The second game featured a pitchers duel between John Lieber and Pedro Martinez. Martinez allowed a run in the first inning. The 1-0 score held until the sixth inning when Martinez gave up a two-run home run. The Yankees won this game by a score of 3-1. Game 3. With the series headed to Fenway Park, this game was originally scheduled for October 15. It was rescheduled for the next day due to rain. The Yankees won game three by a score of 19-8, giving them a 3 games to none series lead. This was also the longest nine-inning postseason game, lasting 4 hours and 20 minutes. Game 4. This was the turning point of the series. The Yankees took a 2-0 lead in the third inning. The Red Sox scored three in the fifth to take the lead. But then the Yankees took a 4-3 in the sixth.  In the bottom of the ninth inning, the Red Sox were three outs from being eliminated, facing Mariano Rivera. Rivera walked leadoff hitter Kevin Millar. Dave Roberts was put in as a pinch runner and stole second base. Bill Mueller drove in Roberts to tie the game
Verizon Communications Inc. (), is a telephone, internet service provider, and television company in the United States. It also owns a mobile phone company, Verizon Wireless. Verizon was created in 2000 by merging GTE and Bell Atlantic. These companies had already absorbed other companies, some of them more than a hundred years old. The biggest ones were formerly owned by AT&amp;T. In 2015, Verizon bought the Internet company AOL, and the next year it bought Yahoo!. Both of these purchases were for about US$4.4 billion. Today, both AOL and Yahoo! are part of a subsidiary created by Verizon called Oath Inc. Verizon is one of the few publicly-traded companies to have a stock on both the NYSE and the NASDAQ. Its NYSE listing has been one of the 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 2004.
Devil's food cake is an old fashioned chocolate cake made of chocolate or cocoa and baking powder. It is moist, soft, rich, and very good for keeping. It is a light-textured chocolate layer-type cake with a deep reddish brown color. The cake gets this bright red color from the large amount of red food dye used in the preparation. Devil's food cake is usually thought of in terms of dark chocolate, but originally it was red. Today cooks, using modern processed cocoa, sometimes add a touch of red food coloring to bring back the authentic color. Devil's food cakes can be stored in the refrigerator for about 3 days. Variations. The Devil's food cake may also be called a Red velvet cake.
The partridge is a medium sized bird. They are known as game birds because they are hunted and eaten by humans. They are in the pheasant family (Phasianidae). Partridges are in the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas". The line "...and a partridge in a pear tree" is sung. Color and shape. Most partridges are brown, gray and white. They are camouflaged and difficult to see. They have short legs and short bills. Partridges are smaller than pheasants but they are bigger than quails. Partridges can not fly very well and they do not migrate. This means they always stay in the same area all year round.  Habitat. Partridges live in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. They live in places such as moors, grassland and farmland. They feed mostly on seeds, and nest on the ground. This means their nests are not very safe from predators such as foxes. Partridges use their camouflage to make it difficult for predators to see them and their nests.
Bromsgrove is a town in the north of Worcestershire. The town is about north-east of Worcester and south-west of Birmingham. 29,237 people lived there in 2001. Geography. The layer of rock underneath Bromsgrove is mainly sandstone. The soil is very good for growing vegetables. The altitude of the town is above sea level. Climate. The climate in Bromsgrove is like most of the United Kingdom. It is an "oceanic climate." This means it is cool in summer and not very cold in winter. It can rain at any time of the year. Transport. The main A38 road goes through Bromsgrove. The M5 motorway passes by the west side of the town. The M42 motorway starts at the north of the town. Bromsgrove train station is in the south of the town. The station is at the bottom of the "Lickey Incline". The Lickey Incline is the steepest hill for trains in Britain. An extra locomotive has to help push heavy freight trains up the hill. There are many passenger trains to Birmingham, Worcester and Hereford. There is a plan to build a new, better train station in Bromsgrove. The new station will cost about £10 million to £12 million. There is also a bus station in the town centre. Buses travel from the bus station to many places in Worcestershire and the West Midlands.
Graham's number ("G") is a large natural number that was defined by a man named Ronald Graham. Graham was solving a problem in an area of mathematics called Ramsey theory. He proved that the answer to his problem was smaller than Graham's number. Graham's number is one of the greatest numbers ever used in a mathematical proof. Even if every digit in Graham's number were written in the tiniest writing possible, it would still be too big to fit in the observable universe. Context. Ramsey theory is an area of mathematics that asks questions like the following: It turns out that for this simple problem, the answer is "yes" when we have 6 or more points, no matter how the lines are colored. But when we have 5 points or fewer, we can color the lines so that the answer is "no". By asking that the 4 points lie on a plane, we have made the problem much harder. We would like to know: for what values of "n" is the answer "no" (for some way of coloring the lines), and for what values of "n" is it "yes" (for all ways of coloring the lines)? But this problem has not been completely solved yet. In 1971, Ronald Graham and B. L. Rothschild found a partial answer to this problem. They showed that for "n"=6, the answer is "no". But when "n" is very large, as large as Graham's number or larger, the answer is "yes". One of the reasons this partial answer is important is that it means that the answer is eventually "yes" for at least some large "n". Before 1971, we didn't know even that much. There is a much smaller limit for the same problem called N. It is equal to formula_1, where formula_2. This weaker upper bound for the problem, attributed to an unpublished work of Graham, was eventually published and named by Martin Gardner in Scientific American in November 1977. Definition. Graham's number is not only too big to write down all of its digits, it is too big even to write in scientific notation. In order to be able to write
Laguna City is a little city of south of the Brazil, in Santa Catarina State. This city have more than 50000 people. It was the capital of the short-lived Juliana Republic in 1839. The city is known for having dolphins Some popular beaches of this city:
Tak'alik A'baj' is an ancient ruin in Guatemala; it used to be called Abaj Takalik. It is one of several Mesoamerican sites that have Olmec and Maya features. The site was inhabited the during the Preclassic and Classic periods, from the 9th century BC through to at least the 10th century AD. It was an important place for trade. It traded with Kaminaljuyu and Chocolá. It is one of the largest sites with carved monuments on the Pacific coast. Olmec-style sculptures include a possible colossal head, rock carvings and others. The site has one of the biggest collections of Olmec-style sculpture outside of the Gulf of Mexico. Takalik Abaj shows the first signs of Maya culture that happened by about 400 BC. The site includes a Maya royal tomb and examples of Maya writing that are among the first from the Maya region. Studies continue at the site; the monumental buildings and long tradition of sculpture in a variety of styles suggest the site was important. Finds from the site indicate contact with the distant city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico. They imply that Takalik Abaj was conquered by it or its allies. Takalik Abaj was linked to long-distance Maya trade routes that let the city take part in a trade network that included the Guatemalan highlands and the Pacific coastal plain from Mexico to El Salvador. Takalik Abaj was a large city with the main buildings in four main groups spread across nine terraces. While some of these were natural, others were man-made, needing a lot of work and materials. The site had a clever water drainage system and many stone sculptures.
Currys is a British electrical retailer operating in the UK and Ireland. In 2009, some Curry stores in the UK were combined with the PCWorld name.
Alfonso García Robles (20 March 1911 – 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician.  García Robles received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982, together with Sweden's Alva Myrdal. García Robles was the driving force behind the Treaty of Tlatelolco. This treaty established a nuclear-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean.
A Pinto horse is a spotted horse. They are not a breed, but a coat color. In fact, any horse breed can be a Pinto as long as they have patches of white or another color. Pintos are often confused with Paints, a horse breed. They look very similar. The difference is that a Paint is a breed, and a Pinto is a coat color that can be on any breed, including Paints. History. Pintos are so old that they were found in tombs in Ancient Egypt dating back to 4 B.C. In the 16th century Cortez brought thousands to the New World. Some of them were set free, and Native Americans caught them. The Native Americans liked them for their toughness and their color. Their color blended in with the environment and made a natural camouflage. They were known to make great war horses. Their name came from the Spanish word "pintado", which means “painted”. Color. Pintos have pink skin, blue eyes, and white or multicolored hooves. They can be either a white horse with colored patches, or a colored horse with white patches. It has been said that no two Pintos are exactly alike. Patterns. Pintos have 3 different patterns: Type. Pintos come in 4 different types: Size. Pintos come in 4 different sizes:
Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson (born 11 April 1960) is an English author, broadcaster, journalist, talk show host. He is best known for presenting BBC television show "Top Gear" with Richard Hammond and James May. He is also known for controversial remarks. He also writes columns for The Sunday Times and The Sun. Clarkson was ranked 49th on Motor Trend Magazine's Power List for 2011. It is a list of the fifty most important figures in the automotive industry. On 26 March 2015, while Clarkson was not allowed to be at work, the BBC announced it will not keep paying him after he said cruel things to and attacked a producer.
Sydney William Ward (5 August 1907 – 31 December 2010) was an Australian-born New Zealand cricketer.  Ward was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He is the second longest-lived cricketer, behind England's Jim Hutchinson, who at the time of his death was 103 years and 344 days old.
Hypothermia is a condition when a person is so cold that the body temperature drops below normal. Hypothermia is any body temperature lower than . Someone with hypothermia starts shivering and cannot stop. The person then becomes confused and acts strange. Their words don't make sense and they may be clumsy. Sometimes they become very tired. If someone gets hypothermia, wrap the person in blankets and take them to the hospital. If that's impossible, warm up the person slowly and give them a warm drink. Mild. When hypothermia begins, a person feels cold, starts shivering and cannot stop. The person cannot do complicated things with his or her hands. They are also unable to touch their thumb with their little finger, because their hand muscles don't work well. Mild hypothermia is sometimes used on purpose by doctors for treating some medical problems. It takes blood away from the skin, hands and feet, and puts it to the brain and important internal organs. This helps when the person is bleeding from cuts or other wounds, and also helps when the patient goes into cardiac arrest. Moderate (Middle). The person begins shivering very strongly. Their large muscles do not work well. They move slowly and with difficulty, growing a little confused and walking unsteadily. The person becomes pale, and lips, ears, fingers, and toes might become blue. This is because the body is trying to keep the most important organs warm. The person might feel sick in their stomach and very tired, wanting to go to sleep, anywhere. Severe. Body temperature drops even more, but the person usually stops shivering. They cannot talk clearly; they think slowly, and they cannot move their hands. Sometimes a person will feel suddenly warm, as if they are getting better, but this just means they are getting worse. They may take off warm clothes or lay down to go to sleep. If this continues, they cannot walk or answer questions. Their pulse becomes weaker, but the heart may beat faster. Finally, the person dies.
Rapids are found on rivers. Rapids are formed by one or more of the following: constriction, obstruction, gradient, and flow rate. For instance, when water is flowing swiftly over a rocky river bed, rapids can be formed. Rapids are typically found in or near the mountains, due to the element of gradient. Formally, the word "rapids" is always plural, (like "scissors" and "trousers"), but is often used in the singular when speaking of a specific rapid or when it would be grammatically awkward; e.g., "Sweet's Falls Rapids vs. Sweet's Falls Rapid). The word "rapid" means "very fast." Because of the splash made by the water going over rocks, rapids are also called "whitewater". Some people enjoying whitewater canoeing or whitewater rafting as a sport.