ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Computus (Latin for "computation") is the method for calculating the date of Easter. In the early 4th century there was confusion about when Christian Easter or the Resurrection should be celebrated. History. Background. At the Arles Council, in 314, was obliged to all the Christianity to celebrate Easter the same day, and that this date was going to be assigned by the Pope, that was going to send epistles to all the churches in the world with the necessary instructions. However, not all the congregations followed those precepts. Nicaea Council. In the First Council of Nicaea, in 325, this subject was solved. Was established that the Resurrection Easter had to be celebrated fulfilling some norms: However, there still were discussions between the Roman Church and the Alexandrian Church, while the Nicaea Council said that the Alexandria Church was right, they had to calculate the date (in Alexandria), then communicate it to Rome. The Roman Church had to spread the "computus" to the rest of the Christianity. Calculation. Let's define 5 variables, "a", "b", "c", "d", and "e". In addition to two constants, "M" and "N", so the years between 1900 and 2100 take the values 24 and 5, respectively. We'll call "A" the year that we want to calculate the Easter date. "a" is the remainder of the division formula_1, or technically according to the modular arithmetic we should say formula_2, "b" is the remainder of the division formula_3, "c" is the remainder of the division formula_4, "d" is the remainder of the division formula_5, "e" is the remainder of the division formula_6. If "d" + "e" &lt; 10, the Easter date will be in March ("d" + "e" + 22). If opposed ("d" + "e" &gt; 9), will be in April ("d" + "e" − 9). There are 2 exceptions: The values for M and N for years before 1900 or after 2100 can be obtained from the following table:
Cardenal Caro is a Chilean province. Is the only province in the Region of O'Higgins that has instant access to the sea. It has a population of 41,160 inhabitants. It has a surface of 3.295,07 km². Its capital is Pichilemu, main turistic place of the region during the summer months. In the past, it was part of the Province of Colchagua. The province is named after José Maria Caro, the first Chilean Catholic cardinal. Communes of the province. The province has 6 communes:
Punta de Lobos () is a Chilean beach 6 km south of Pichilemu and 177 km southwest of Rancagua, in the Province of Cardenal Caro, Region of O'Higgins. It has a fine and gray sand. The beach is surrounded by In addition to its fine gray sand, its principal characteristic is that its surrounded by cliffs that are 50 metres high. The famous rocks of the beach are frequently visited by sea-lions. The beach is perfect for bathing and shore fishing. It is also a good place for surfing and kiteboarding practice, especially in winter. The sea waves at the beach oscillate between the two and three height meters, and allows the surfers to select their perfect waves.
Henry Fielding wrote the play The Author's Farce and the Pleasures of the Town. It was first acted on 30 March 1730 in the Haymarket Theatre. The play responds to the rejection of Fielding's early plays and was his first success. Harry Luckless is the main character of the play. He tries to write a play in the first act and completes the play in the second act. It is a puppet play called "The Pleasures of the Town". Many theatres do not accept the play but it is later shown within the third act. The play is about the puppet character Goddess Nonsense who wants a husband. The end of "The Author's Farce" combines the characters of the puppet play and the main play for humour. Fielding became a popular writer in London after "The Author's Farce". The Haymarket Theatre let him experiment with his plays and Fielding changed the comedy genre. The puppet play within the main play made fun of other London plays. "The Author's Farce" was first a success. Then, it was ignored by critics until the 20th century. Critics focused on the play's effects on Fielding's work. Plot. "The Author's Farce" has three acts. The play begins with Harry Luckless wanting a relationship with his landlady's daughter Harriot. Also, he is a writer and he is writing a play. The start of the play is like Fielding's other plays but the rest of the play is different. Luckless wants to be a good writer but he cannot make money. Other people want to give Luckless money but he does not want it. When Luckless's friend Witmore pays Luckless's rent, Luckless steals the money back. In the second act, Luckless asks for help to finish his puppet play "The Pleasures of the Town". However, people give him bad advice and theatres reject the play. Later, a theatre shows the play. The third act is the puppet play. The puppets are acted by real people and not puppets. The third act is the puppet play and is a play within a play. It takes place along the River Styx
The WWE Cruiserweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment. It was competed for by cruiserweights at no more than a weight of 220 pounds and was originally a World Championship Wrestling title. During its time in WWE, it was only competed for on the SmackDown brand. A new WWE Cruiserweight Championship was created in 2016. The title did not continue the history of WWE's old Cruiserweight Championship. History. Following the title's introduction in 1991 as the WCW Light Heavyweight Championship, a tournament was held to determine the first champion. On October 27, Brian Pillman beat Richard Morton in the tournament final to win the title. However, it was vacated on September 2, 1992, due to Brad Armstrong's knee injury during his reign. Then, on March 20, 1996, Shinjiro Ohtani beat Chris Benoit in another tournament final to win the WCW Cruiserweight Championship.  In March 2001, World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc. (WWF) purchased World Championship Wrestling. Following this, the "Invasion" angle happened, in which WCW was "destroyed". During the "Invasion", only four WCW championship titles remained active, including the WCW Cruiserweight title. On July 30, the WCW Cruiserweight Championship and the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship were both competed for in what was called a unification match. The reigning WWF Light Heavyweight Champion, X-Pac, beat the WCW Cruiserweight Champion, Billy Kidman. However, the titles were still defended separately after that. After the end of the Invasion at Survivor Series 2001, the WCW Cruiserweight Championship remained active and was renamed the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) Cruiserweight Championship, while the Light Heavyweight Title was retired. In March 2002, when the brand extension started, the championship became exclusive to the SmackDown! brand. On May 6, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) changed its name to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) after the company lost a lawsuit from the World Wildlife Fund over the WWF trademark. So the championship was renamed to WWE
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English writer and magistrate. He was born in Sharpham, Somerset, attended Eton College then later the University of Leiden in Holland. He left Leiden in debt and eventually drifted to London to work in the theatre, and was a prolific playwright, becoming one of London's most popular writers until 1737 when his career was ended by The Licensing Act, which required all plays to be performed only in patent theatres and to be approved by the Lord Chamberlain. Fielding's sharp satire was one of several reasons the First Minister Wapole pushed through The Act.  Fielding then turned to the law and trained to be a barrister. During this time he continued writing and editing.  During his later writing career he produced three novels and is considered, along with Samuel Richardson, a founder of the modern novel. "Tom Jones" and "Joseph Andrews" were written in a picaresque style. "Amelia", his last novel, was more sombre. He as well published in1743 a work of extended political irony, The Life and Death of the Late Jonathan Wild, the Great - a political satire.  In 1749 he was made justice of the peace and magistrate for Westminster and Middlesex where he, and later with his half brother John Fielding, introduced innovations in criminal apprehension, gathering a small band of "thief takers" who were supported with money from the secret service. These men were known as "Mr Fielding's people", afterwards nicknamed "the Bow Street runners" (named after the Bow Street house where Fielding lived and held court, which later became Bow Street Magistrate's Court) and eventually evolved into The Metropolitan Police Force.  Henry had suffered from gout and most probably cirrhosis of the liver (he was a very heavy drinker despite his remarkable energy and abilities) from his late 30s and by 1753 was very ill, his health made worse by overwork and long hours in the courtroom. In 1754 he resigned his post as magistrate, which was taken over by his half-brother John Fielding
Lady Susan is an early epistolary novel (novel in letters) by Jane Austen. It tells the story of an unscrupulous coquette (flirtatious woman) widow who does not care about the feelings of other men. She wrote it when she was writing her first version of "Sense and Sensibility" (which was at that time called "Elinor and Marianne"), and which was also at first, like "Lady Susan", written in letter form. She was at this time 20 years old. Style. The epistolary novel had been popular in the 18th century, but it was not the best style of writing for Jane Austen's talents (which is why all her major novels were written in the third-person narrative style). She admired Richardson very much (all of his books are written in letters, like "Pamela (novel)" and "Clarissa (novel)"), and she also admired Frances Burney's style, but none of their styles came naturally to her. She pointed out at the end of "Lady Susan": "This correspondence (letter-writing), by a meeting between some of the parties (people) and a separation between the others could not, to the great detriment of the Post Office...be continued longer." In those days, girls spent some time each day especially to write letters, so a story through letters is much more realistic than it would be today. People like Frances Burney wrote letters that were witty and full of information, so that her diaries and letters were later published. The letters of William Cowper, too, are famous. Jane Austen's letters, however, are private letters about family matters, such as sick babies, partners at balls, beef, and raspberry bushes. Plot Summary. Lady Susan Vernon is a beautiful and charming(someone who can please and attract someone else)recent widow. She visits her brother-in-law and sister-in-law,Charles and Catherine Vernon, with little prior notice at Churchill, their house. Catherine is not happy, as Lady Susan, a long time ago, had tried to prevent her marriage to Charles. Catherine's unwanted guest has also been described to her as "the
Crime and Punishment is a novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was the first great novel of his mature period. It was first published in the literary journal "The Russian Messenger" in 12 monthly series in 1866. It was later published in a single volume. It is the second of Dostoevsky's novels, written after he returned from his punishment (exile in Siberia).  Plot. "Crime and Punishment" is about the troubles of Raskolnikov, a young man living in St. Petersburg. He used to be a student, but he became so poor he had to stop studying. He plans to kill a selfish old pawnbroker for her money, and he acts on his plan. Raskolnikov argues that with her money he can do good things, and that he was simply killing a person who was not worth anything. He also murdered her to test his idea that some people are naturally better than others and have the right to murder. Several times in the novel, Raskolnikov justifies himself by comparing himself to Napoleon, saying that murder is allowed for a higher purpose. However, after he kills the pawnbroker, questions which he cannot answer and feelings he had not expected terrify him. He feels separated from mankind, nature, and truth. Because of this, he decides at last to confess to the police and accept suffering. Creation. Dostoevsky began the idea of "Crime and Punishment" in the summer of 1865. This was after he had gambled away much of his money. Because of this, he could not pay his bills or eat properly. He owed large sums of money to creditors, and was also trying to help the family of his brother Mikhail. Mikhail had died in early 1864. He began writing it under the title "The Drunkards". He wanted to write about "the current problem of drunkenness". However, when Dostoevsky began writing about Raskolnikov's crime, the theme of crime and punishment became his main subject instead. Dostoevsky offered his story to the publisher Mikhail Katkov. At the
OCLC, Inc. is a library service and research organization. It helps people find more information and helps libraries work. It was started on July 6, 1967 as the not-for-profit Ohio College Library Center. Later its name changed to Online Computer Library Center as it grew. In 2017, its name changed to OCLC, Inc. 30,000+ libraries in 100+ countries are members of OCLC. The organization was started by Fred Kilgour. Its head office is in Dublin, Ohio, U.S.A. It makes WorldCat, a very big online catalog (a list of books and things like books). OCLC control numbers. OCLC gives a special number (called "OCN" for "OCLC Control Number") to every new record in WorldCat. A record is metadata about books and things like books. Every record has a different number. There are more than a billion numbers, and there are more every day. Old numbers are small and new numbers are big. OCNs help find books and things like books that do not have ISBNs. Many books from before 1970 do not have ISBNs. OCNs are often used for books in Wikipedia and Wikidata.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a book written by C. S. Lewis. It is set in an imaginary place called Narnia, where the main characters who are brothers and sisters are led into by the back of a wardrobe (closet). It is the second book by order in the Narnia series after "The Magician's Nephew", but is the first book published in the series. Summary. Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy Pevensie leave London during World War II to live in the country. While playing in the house, Lucy hides in a wardrobe. She finds that it leads to a different land. There, she meets a faun (half-goat, half-man) named Mr. Tumnus. While having tea, he tells her that the land is called Narnia. It is ruled by the White Witch, who makes it always winter, but never Christmas. When Lucy returns to the wardrobe after many hours, she finds that only a few seconds have passed in England. Her brothers and sister do not believe her and the wardrobe has closed so they cannot go into Narnia.  Many weeks later, Lucy comes back to the wardrobe during a game of hide-and-seek. Edmund follows her into Narnia, but cannot find her. Instead, he meets a lady. She says she is the Queen of Narnia and gives him Turkish Delight. She promises to make him prince if he will bring the other children to her castle. After she leaves, Edmund finds Lucy. When she talks about the White Witch, he thinks that it is the lady he met. When they get back to England, Edmund lies to Peter and Susan and says they did not go to Narnia. This makes Lucy upset.  Later, they are all hiding from the housekeeper and go into the wardrobe. This time they all go into Narnia. When Lucy leads them to Tumnus's cave, they find that he is arrested and his cave destroyed. Two talking beavers shelter the children. They also tell them about a prophecy that the witch will fail when two Sons of Adam (human males) and two Daughters of Eve (
"Life Less Frightening" was the third single from the Chicago punk rock band Rise Against, from their 2004 album, "Siren Song of the Counter Culture". It is the third track on the album. It runs about 3 minutes and 44 seconds. The lyrics of the song tell of the horrors of the world and a longing for a "life less frightening" ("...I'm soaking with the sins of knowing what's gone wrong...") and tells that lack of action will only cause the problems to worsen ("Time again I have found myself stuttering/Foundations pulled out from under me.").
The Sufferer &amp; the Witness is the fourth album by American punk rock band Rise Against. The album was released on July 4, 2006. It was their second release on popular label, Geffen Records. The album follows 2004's "Siren Song of the Counter Culture". It sold 48,000 copies in its first week, debuting at number 10 on the Billboard 200. It has been awarded Gold by the RIAA. The song "Drones" was used for WWE's 2007 Royal Rumble's theme song. Making the album. After the good reviews of their big label debut, "Siren Song of the Counter Culture", and its single, "Swing Life Away", Rise Against came back to the studio in January 2006 to start their fourth studio album. The band had been writing songs and ideas during the "Siren Song of the Counter Culture" tour and had finished five songs by early December 2005. Also in December, it was said that Bill Stevenson would make the album at the Blasting Room studio in Fort Collins, Colorado. The band began in January 2006 in Chicago. It was made with Bill Stevenson and Jason Livermore for 12 weeks between January and April 2006. The band talked about the sound and release date of the album in April, saying, "We're pretty excited and can't wait for you to hear it. You won't find any acoustic guitar on this one, but perhaps a few other surprises and curveballs await your curious ears...look for an early summer release." The album's name was told in the same news release. It would be called "The Sufferer &amp; the Witness". The album was mixed by Chris Lord-Alge in Los Angeles. It was finished in April 2006.
Alameda County is a county in the San Francisco Bay Area in state of California, USA. According to the 2020 population census, 1,682,353 people live in Alameda County. It is seventh biggest county in the state of California by population. Its county seat and largest city is Oakland. The county was formed in 1853, from part of Contra Costa County. It was named for the largest river in the county, Alameda Creek. In Spanish, an "alameda" is a road lined with trees.
Epicureanism is a philosophy based on the teachings of Epicurus. It started about 307 . Epicurus was a materialist who believed that material was made of atoms. The teaching about atoms was first started by Democritus.  Epicurus forcefully attacked superstition. According to Epicurus, the gods are passive: They do not intervene in the world. Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to have certain pleasures, and to reach a state of mind where there is no fear and no pain. Epicureanism is a form of hedonism, which declares that pleasure is the only good there is. Epicureanism says that the absence of pain is the greatest pleasure; it also advocates a simple life. These ideas make it sufficiently different from "hedonism" as it is usually defined. Epicurus spoke favorably about the enjoyment of simple pleasures; he also meant abstaining from bodily desires, such as sex and appetites, almost like asceticism.  He argued that when eating, one should not eat too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later, such as the grim realization that one could not afford such delicacies in the future. Likewise, sex could lead to increased lust and dissatisfaction with the sexual partner. Epicurus did not articulate a broad system of social morality that has survived. Epicureanism was originally a challenge to Platonism, though later it became the main opponent of Stoicism. Epicurus and his followers shunned politics. Many Epicurean societies flourished in the late Hellenistic period and during the Roman era (such as those in Antiochia, Alexandria, Rhodes and Ercolano).  The poet Lucretius was its best-known Roman proponent. By the end of the Roman Empire, having undergone Christian attack and repression, Epicureanism had all but died out, but was resurrected in the 17th century by the atomist Pierre Gassendi, who adapted it to the Christian doctrine. Some writings by Epicurus have survived. Some scholars consider the epic poem "On the Nature of Things" by Lucretius presents in one work the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism. Many of the papyrus scrolls unearthed at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum are Epicurean texts. At least some are thought to have belonged to the Epicurean Philodemus.
"This Is the New Shit" is a 2003 industrial metal song by Marilyn Manson off their fifth album "The Golden Age of Grotesque". The bassist, Tim Sköld added some industrial beats to the song when he joined the band in 2002. Many movies, TV shows and video games have used the song including:
The Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) is the U.S. Army's replacement program for heavy tracked and wheeled armored fighting vehicles. The GCV is part of the "Follow On Incremental Capabilities Package" of the BCT Modernization program. The vehicle of the vehicle family is to be built by 2015 and given out by 2017. It replaced the canceled Future Combat Systems, manned ground vehicles program. Design. The GCV family will be built around one or more common vehicle bodies. The GCV would have a very advanced communications system. The vehicle will be heavy and large but it must be moved by aircraft, rail and ship. The GCV will have good off-road mobility while remaining fuel efficient. The type and caliber of the weapons are still secret. The Army has only said that there will be lethal and non-lethal means to help with missions in both civilian and non-civilian places. The Army would like the GCV to have good bomb protection and would like it to be able to destroy enemy missiles. Variants. The U.S. Army wants a troop carrier and a "secondary vehicle". The Army will ask for more variants later. Infantry Fighting Vehicle. The IFV will replace the M113 APC by 2018, the M2 Bradley and the Stryker ICV later. The IFV will hold a crew of three and a squad of nine people. Secondary vehicle. The "secondary vehicle" is listed on the "Work Breakdown Structure" document. So far, no details have been released about the use of this vehicle.
Hayley Wickenheiser, OC, (born August 12, 1978 in Shaunavon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian women's ice hockey forward. She is the first woman to play full-time pro hockey in a position other than goaltender. She plays for the Canada women's national ice hockey team. She has represented Canada at 5 Winter Olympic Games, winning the gold medal four times and the silver medal once. She was named tournament MVP twice. She has also played softball for Canada at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Wickenheiser has the most gold medals of any Canadian Olympian. She is considered to be the greatest female ice hockey player in the world. On February 20, 2014, She was chosen to be a part of the International Olympic Committee's athlete commission.
Novaya Zemlya () is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia and the extreme northeast of Europe. The archipelago is made of a north island and a south island; it separates the Barents Sea from the Kara Sea. There is a narrow channel, called Matochkin Strait that separates the two islands. Both islands together are about 900 km long; they are between 470 and 1150 km north of the Arctic Circle. Today, 2716 people live on the islands. 2622 of them live in the capital "Belushya Guba" (on the south island) The Russians knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century, when hunters from Novgorod visited the area. Novaya Zemlya is the northern part of the Ural Mountains and the interior is mountainous throughout. The northern island contains many glaciers, while the southern one has a tundra landscape. In July 1954, Novaya Zemlya was designated the Novaya Zemlya Test Site. It was used as a test site throughout the cold war. In 1961 Tsar Bomba was dropped on the archipelago. The Tsar Bomb was the largest nuclear bomb ever made at 50 Mt. By contrast, the largest weapon ever produced by the United States, the now-decommissioned B41, had a predicted maximum yield of 25 Mt.