ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Jansila Majeed is an activist in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka. In 2010, she received an International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State. Life. Majeed was an internally displaced person (IDP) for 20 years. She works for the rights of Muslim and Tamil IDPs in Sri Lanka. Work. Majeed started her work in 1992 with a group of five people. She is the Managing Trustee of the Community Trust Fund in Puttalam. The group is an NGO that works for minority rights, women's rights, and peace. It also works with young people, and teaches about the dangers of mines in the north and east. Majeed spoke at the beginning of the UNDP 2010 Asia-Pacific Human Development Report on Gender. In her report, she said that Sri Lanka must change its ideas about women's rights, women in politics, legal rights for women and working women.
Marie Claude Naddaf (Arabic: ماري كلود نداف ) is an activist and a nun from Syria. In 2010, she received an International Women of Courage Award.  Work. In 1994, Naddaf became Mother Superior at the Good Shepherd Convent in Damascus. In 1996, she opened the "Oasis Shelter" with her convent. The Oasis Shelter was the first organization for victims of human trafficking and domestic violence in Syria. She also started the first telephone hotline in Syria. It was part of an emergency shelter for women. Naddaf worked for the right of women in police custody in Syria to go to shelter, if they are victims of trafficking. She also started a nursery school and a vocational education program at the prison for women in Damascus. Awards. She received a 2010 International Women of Courage award.
Francis Rory Peregrine "Perry" Anderson (born 11 September 1938) is a British historian and political essayist. He is a specialist in intellectual history such as the post-1956 Western Marxism of the New Left. Anderson was educated at Eton College and Worcester College, Oxford. He is Professor of History and Sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a former editor of the "New Left Review". Anderson has written several books, the latest being "The Indian Ideology" (2012), a polemic against the Indian nation-building project. He is the brother of political scientist Benedict Anderson.
Lillian Vernon (born Lilli Menasche; March 18, 1927 – December 14, 2015) was an American businesswoman, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. She founded the Lillian Vernon Corporation in 1951 and served as its chairman and CEO until July 1989, though she continued to serve as executive chairman until 2003. Personal life. Vernon was born in Leipzig, Germany. Because they were of Jewish descent the Vernon family fled to the United States in 1937. Vernon died from congestive heart failure in Manhattan, New York City at the age of 88.
Jestina Mukoko is a human rights activist and journalist from Zimbabwe. In 2010, she received the International Women of Courage Award. Work. Jestina Mukoko is the director of the Zimbabwe Peace Project. She studied to be a journalist, and she was a newsreader with the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation. Kidnapping. On December 3, 2008, Jestina Mukoko was kidnapped from her house near the city of Harare. Dumisani Muleya of "Business Day" newspaper said that she was "abducted by suspected state agents for allegedly being involved in plans for anti government demonstrations." Mukoko told The Independent newspaper that they asked her about her NGO, the Peace Project. The said she wanted to train young people to fight the government. They beat her on the bottom of her feet with rubber hoses. They said this is a favourite torture instrument in Zimbabwe because it does not leave a mark on the feet for later.  International attention. Many world leaders asked for her freedom, including Gordon Brown and Condoleezza Rice. A "Group of Elders", including Jimmy Carter, Kofi Annan and Graca Machel, wanted to come to Zimbabwe, but the government refused to let them come in. Instead, they talked to the newspapers in South Africa.  The Zimbabwe High Court told the Zimbabwe Republic Police to look for Mukoko. The police did nothing. They said they did not know where she was.  Freedom. On 24 December, Mukoko appeared in court in Harare on charges of trying to get young people to fight the government. She did not have a lawyer. She was with seven other people who were kidnapped. The group included a 72-year-old man and a two-year-old boy whose father and mother, Violet Mupfuranhehwe and Collen Mutemagawo, were also prisoners. In March 2009, three months after her kidnapping, Jestina Mukoko was free on bail. She had to go to the police station every week. They took her passport. On 21 September 2009 the Zimbabwe Supreme Court said she was free. Amnesty International said this was a good decision.
Ananda Prasad Pokharel is a Nepali politician. He was Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation in Nepal. He is also a member of Napal's Investment Board.
UNOVIS was an important group of Russian artists. It was taken over by Kazimir Malevich at the Vitebsk Art School in 1919. It started of with a group of students and was called MOLPOSNOVIS. The group developed new idea about art. Once Malevich became the leader they changed their name to UNOVIS. The group only lasted until 1926. UNOVIS stood for "Utverditeli Novovo Iskusstva" which is Russian. In English it meant "affirmers of the new art". Foundation and growth. The group had many changes. First known as MOLPOSNOVIS, after the school's teachers joined and it became POSNOVIS. In 1920, Malevich was invited them to teach at the school in 1919 by Marc Chagall. In February of the same year Malevich became leader.
The Ethiopian calendar is the main calendar used in Ethiopia. It serves as the liturgical calendar for Christians in Eritrea and Ethiopia belonging to the Orthodox Tewahedo churches, Eastern Catholic Church and Coptic Orthodox Church. It is a solar calendar which comes from the Egyptian calendar. But like the Julian calendar, it adds a leap day every four years. It begins the year on August 29 or August 30 in the Julian calendar. A seven to eight-year gap between the Ethiopian and Gregorian calendars results from an alternate calculation in determining the date of the annunciation of Jesus. Makeup. Like the Coptic calendar, the Ethiopic calendar has twelve months of 30 days plus five or six epagomenal days, which make up a thirteenth month. The Ethiopian months begin on the same days as those of the Coptic calendar. The names of the days are in Ge'ez. The sixth epagomenal day is added every four years without exception on August 29 of the Julian calendar. This occurs six months before the Julian leap day. Thus the first day of the Ethiopian year, "1 Mäskäräm", for years between 1900 and 2099 (inclusive), is usually September 11 (Gregorian). It, however, falls on September 12 in years before the Gregorian leap year. The Ethiopian New Year falls on September 11 of the Gregorian calendar. On leap years it falls on September 12. History. In 1582 the Christian world changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. Ethiopia did not make the change. As a result, Ethiopia is seven years and eight months behind those countries that use the Gregorian calendar. Christmas and Easter fall on different dates than they would elsewhere. Tourists. In Ethiopia banks, airlines and other institutions that tourists would use run on the western calendar. Everywhere else the Ethiopian calendar is used. That may cause some confusion.
The East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EEAST) provides ambulance services in the counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk, in the East of England. The service is free, which means people who are hurt do not have to pay money to be driven to a hospital. Under the Patient's Charter every person in the United Kingdom is allowed to use an ambulance if there is an emergency. The East England Ambulance Service do not only drive people to hospitals, they also help heal people who are injured and are too far from a hospital. History. The trust was formed on 1 July 2006, when three ambulance services came together. They were the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Ambulance and Paramedic Service NHS Trust, the East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust, and the Essex Ambulance Service NHS Trust. The result was an ambulance service covering an area of over with a population of 5.8 million people, and one which answers over 500,000 emergency calls every year. In 2009, the Trust got in trouble by the Care Quality Commission because the ambulances were dirty and the employees did not know how to handle many medical procedures. Statistics and resources. In 2009 and 2010, the company went to 668,451 emergency calls, including 207,626 high-priority "category A" emergencies. It arrived at 75.67% of these "category A" calls within eight minutes, and 96.04% within 19 minutes. The company has the following vehicles and stations in operation: The company has a driving school. This school has trained more than 220 employees in emergency driving. 3,994 people work at the ambulance company.
Geastrum quadrifidum or the rayed earthstar, or four-footed earthstar, is an inedible species of mushroom. It is a species of "Geastrum", or earthstar fungi. It was first described scientifically by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794. It is found in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australasia. The fungus is a saprobe. It feeds on dead wood and plant materials. References. &lt;br&gt;
Ljubica "Gabre" Gabric (17 October 1914 – 16 December 2015) was a Croatian-born Italian track and field athlete. She competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and in the 1948 Summer Olympics. Her best discus throw was 43.35 m (1939).  She was the widow of Sandro Calvesi, mother-in-law of Eddy Ottoz and the grandmother of Laurent Ottoz and Patrick Ottoz.
Licio Gelli (; April 21, 1919 – December 15, 2015) was an Italian financier, politician, and writer. He was known for his role in the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. He was revealed in 1981 as being the Venerable Master of the clandestine lodge Propaganda Due (P2). Early life. Gelli was born in Pistoia, Tuscany. During the 1930s, Gelli volunteered for the Blackshirts expeditionary forces sent by Mussolini in support of Francisco Franco's rebellion in the Spanish Civil War. Nobel Prize nomination. In 1996, Gelli was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, supported by Mother Teresa and Naguib Mahfouz. Death. Gelli died in Arezzo, Tuscany from respiratory failure at the age of 96.
John Cabot (, (1449 – 1499) was an Italian navigator and explorer. In 1497, sailing westward from England in his ship "Matthew", he landed in what he thought was Asia. In fact he came to North America, in what is now eastern Canada, which he claimed for King Henry VII. he landed in what is now known as Bonavista, Newfoundland. A town in the most eastern province of Canada. He died in England in 1499. Early years. Giovanni Caboto (his Italian name) was probably born in Genoa about 1469. Most of his early life was not written about because so much of his history is missing. When he was still young, his family moved over to Venice. Venice was a much larger seaport than Genoa and at the time was the most important in all of Europe. Growing up there, he learned a great deal about sailing and the sea. Cabot became an excellent sailor. His father was a trader and taught Giovanni (John) all about the spice trade. Cabot married a young woman named Mattea (female form of the name Matthew) in about 1474. They had three sons, who Cabot taught to sail, and they also became great sailors. By this time he was a merchant and traveled widely. He and his family then moved to the port of Bristol, England about 1495. Voyage to North America. He set sail from Bristol. Cabot sailed across the North Atlantic in about 70 weeks. His ship, the "Matthew" had a crew of 69 men. During the voyage they saw enormous quantities of cod fish. Fishermen would soon follow to take advantage of the rich fishing of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) is a simple method to calculate bending of beams when a load is applied. This applies to small deflections (how far something moves) of a beam without considering effects of shear deformations. Therefore, it can be considered a special case of the Timoshenko beam theory. It was first introduced around 1750. It gained popularity during the development of the Eiffel Tower and the Ferris wheel in the late 19th century. After that, it was used in many engineering fields including mechanical engineering and civil engineering. Although other advanced methods have been developed, the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is still widely used because of its simplicity.  History. Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli were the first to put together the theory in 1750. At the time, science and engineering were viewed differently than today. Mathematical theories such as the Euler-Bernoulli Beam theory were not trusted for practical engineering use. Bridges and buildings continued to be designed using the same methods until the late 19th century. This is when the Eiffel Tower and Ferris wheel showed the validity of the theory on a larger scale. Static beam equation. The Euler–Bernoulli equation describes the relationship between the beam's deflection and the applied load is as shown below:  formula_1 Where formula_2 describes the deflection of the beam in the formula_3 direction at some position formula_4. formula_5 is a distributed load, in other words a force per unit length (analogous to pressure being a force per area); it may be a function of formula_4, formula_7, or other variables.
William Samoei arap Ruto (born 21 December 1966) is a Kenyan politician who is the 5th President of Kenya since 2022. He was the Deputy President of Kenya from 2013 to 2022.  Before becoming Deputy President, he had many ministerial positions including the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Higher Education. He was Secretary General of KANU, the former ruling political party. Ruto was a member of Parliament for Eldoret North Constituency between December 1997 and January 2013. He won the seat in the 1997 Kenyan election after defeating Reuben Chesire. Ruto was charged with crimes including murder by the International Criminal Court. The trial has been ongoing since 10 September 2013. The charges against him were dropped in 2016 due to lack of evidence by Fatou Bensouda.  On 12 April 2022, Kenya Kwanza political coalition endorsed Ruto as its presidential candidate for 2022 elections. He would win the election with 50.5% of the vote, beating former Prime Minister Raila Odinga in August 2022.
The Willamette Valley () is a long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The entire valley is in the state of Oregon. The valley contains the political and cultural areas of Oregon. It is home to about 70 percent of its population. This includes Portland, its largest city, and Salem, the state capital. The Willamette River flows the entire length of the valley. The valley is surrounded by mountains on three sides - the Oregon Coast Range to the west, the Cascade Range to the east, and the Calapooya Mountains to the south.  The valley's many waterways are important to the economy of Oregon. They continuously put highly fertile alluvial soils on the valley's broad, flat plain. The valley was widely publicized in the 1820s as a 'promised land of flowing milk and honey'. Throughout the 19th century it was the destination for the oxen-drawn wagon trains of people on the Oregon Trail. Today the valley is home to "Oregon Wine Country". Tt contains more than 19,000 acres of vineyards and 500+ wineries.
The Indian softshell turtle ("Nilssonia gangetica"), or Ganges softshell turtle is a species of softshell turtle. It lives in rivers such as the Ganges and Mahanadi in India and Bangladesh. Its shell can be up to in length. It feeds mostly on fish, amphibians, carrion and other animal matter, but also eats aquatic plants. The turtle is listed as a vulnerable species. The turtle has a long neck and a long nose, which means it is able to easily keep the tip of the nose out of the water to breathe. It has an oval shaped shell, which is also fairly flat and smooth which means it is able to swim very fast. These turtles are often kept in the temple ponds of Odisha where they are considered sacred. The Indian softshell turtle is under threat as 30 to 40 tons of turtle meat is sold in markets every week. The shells are also used to make masks, which are sold to tourists. The turtles' habitat is also being changed by the building of dams, drainage works, and increasing levels of fishing and farming.
Marine Le Pen (; born Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen; 5 August 1968) is a French politician. She was the leader of the National Front (FN) political party from 2011 until her resignation in 2017. She is a lawyer. She was the youngest daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen, who was leader of FN for many years. She is the aunt of Marion Maréchal-Le Pen. Le Pen unsuccessfully ran for President of France in the 2017 election, losing to Emmanuel Macron in the second round. She ran again in the 2022 election, advancing again to the second round against Macron and lost. In the legislative elections of 2024, she was elected to the French Parliament in the first round. Biography. Marine Le Pen and her family has been the target of an assassination attempt in 1976 when she was 8 years old. She has studied law at Panthéon-Assas University and has become a barrister. She joined the National Front in 1998 and rose to prominence, being elected in several positions such as Member of the European Parliament in 2004, to finally succeed to her father at the head of the party in 2011. Since that, Le Pen has led a movement of "de-demonisation of the National Front" (in reference to her father's nickname "The Devil of the Republic") in order to detoxify it and soften its image. She is considered to be far more republican and democratic than her controversial and nationalist father. Her success is also based on a renovated political speech and a renewed team. She got the best FN score at the 2012 French presidential election and her party have progressed in next elections until shoving the traditional bipartisan between right and left wings in France. She has been ranked among the most influential people in the 2011 and 2015 Time 100.
Akseli Gallen-Kallela (26 April 1865 – 7 March 1931) was an artist from Finland. He started his career with realistic pictures of poor people from the countryside, and continued with romantic paintings of the themes of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic. His work was considered very important for the Finnish national identity. He pioneered major changes in Finnish art.  In addition to paintings Gallen-Kallela made prints, frescoes and designed textiles and furniture. His house and studio "Kalela" became a work of total art. When Finland became independent, Gallen-Kallela designed uniforms and medals for its army.
A root hair of a vascular plant, is a tubular outgrowth of a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root. They are lateral extensions of a single cell, and invisible to the naked eye and light microscope. The function of root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients from the soil. This solution goes up through the roots to the rest of the plant. Root hair cells survive for 2 to 3 weeks and then die off. New root hair cells are continually being formed at the tip of the root. This way, the root hair coverage stays the same.A root hair of a vascular plant, is a tubular outgrowth of a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root. They are lateral extensions of a single cell, and invisible to the naked eye and light microscope. The function of root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients from the soil. This solution goes up through the roots to the rest of the plant. Root hair cells survive for 2 to 3 weeks and then die off. New root hair cells are continually being formed at the tip of the root. This way, the root hair coverage stays the same.
Tenualosa ilisha (ilish, hilsa, hilsa herring or hilsa shad) is a species of fish in the Clupeidae (herring) family.  It is a popular food dish in South India, East India and in the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The fish contributes about 12% of the total fish production and about 1% of GDP (money earned) in Bangladesh. About 450,000 people are directly involved with catching it for a living. About four to five million people are involved in the trade. It is also the National fish of Bangladesh. Other names include: palla fish, hilsha, ellis, ilish, (Bengali:ইলিশ): ilish, (Oriya:ଇଲିଶି): ilishii, Sindhī: پلو مڇي pallu machhi, (Telugu:పులస): pulasa or polasa.
Meyerasaurus is an extinct genus of plesiosaur. An almost complete fossil was found in Holzmaden, Baden-Württemberg, southeastern Germany. It was a medium-sized, 3.35 m (11.0 ft) long, pliosaur. The specimen was collected from shale over 150 years ago. The shale dates to the early Jurassic, about 183–180 million years ago (mya). The specimen was described as a species of "Plesiosaurus" a hundred years ago. It got its new name in 2010. Most members of its family, the Rhomaleosauridae, have been found in England. They were found in the lower Blue Lias deposits which date to the earliest Jurassic, just above the boundary with the Triassic.
The diatonic scale is one of the scales used in music. It is also called heptatonic scale, because it uses seven distinct pitch classes or tones. For each octave there are five whole steps and two half steps. The two half steps are separated by two or three whole steps. The word "diatonic" comes from the Greek , meaning progressing through tones. The seven pitches of any diatonic scale can be obtained using a chain of six perfect fifths. An example of this would be the seven natural pitches which form the C-major scale. It can be constructed from a stack of perfect fifths starting from F: F—C—G—D—A—E—B This property of the diatonic scale is called Pythagorean tuning. It was historically relevant and contributed to the worldwide diffusion of diatonic scales, because it allowed musicians to tune musical instruments easily by ear. Any sequence of seven successive natural notes, such as C-D-E-F-G-A-B, and all transpositions, are diatonic scales. Piano keyboards are designed to play natural notes, which are diatonic scales, with their white keys. A diatonic scale can be also described as two tetrachords separated by a whole tone. The term "diatonic" originally referred to the diatonic genus, one of the three genera of the ancient Greeks. In musical set theory, Allen Forte classifies diatonic scales as set form 7–35. The following scales are diatonic: Examples of scales that are not diatonic are whole-tone scales, as well as the gypsy scales, which are often used for folk music.
Deepto TV () is a private HD television channel in Bangladesh. The channel started broadcasting on 18 November 2015. The channel has daily drama serials. It also shows Bengali-dubbed programs from other countries.
Vanessa Chantal Paradis (born 22 December 1972) is a French singer, model and actress. She became a child star at age of 14 with the great worldwide success of her single "Joe le taxi". Since 1991, she has been a spokesmodel for Chanel. She was in a relationship with American actor Johnny Depp from 1998 to 2012, and they have two children: Lily-Rose and John "Jack" Christopher Depp III. She is also the older sister of Alysson Paradis, who is also an actress.