ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
"A capital is a city that is home to a government. A capitol is a building where the legislature meets. For the capital of the United States, see Washington, D.C." The United States Capitol is the building where the United States Congress meets. It is the center of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government. It is in Washington, D.C., on top of Capitol Hill at the east end of the National Mall. The capitol has a large dome in the center, above a rotunda—a large space that is shaped like a circle. There are two "wings" that are connected to the rotunda on opposite sides. The north wing is where the Senate meets and the south wing is where the House of Representatives meets. These wings are also called "chambers". On the top floors of the chambers are "galleries", or balconies where people can watch the Senate and House of Representatives from above. The Statue of Freedom is on top of the capitol. History. The Continental Congress first met in Philadelphia at Carpenter's Hall in 1774 and then at Independence Hall in 1776. Congress convened in various cities during the Revolutionary War, and the Treaty of Paris was ratified in Annapolis, Maryland, in early 1784. Congress later moved to Trenton, New Jersey, and afterward to New York City. There, Congress met in City Hall (Federal Hall) from 1785 to 1790. When the capital was moved back to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1790 to 1800, the Philadelphia County Building () became the capitol. In 1800, the capital moved again to Washington, D.C., and a new capitol building was constructed. The capitol was designed by William Thornton. Construction started in 1793, but it was not completely finished until almost twenty years later. The Senate started to meet in the capitol in 1800, when the Senate wing was finished. The House started to meet in the capitol in 1807, even though the House wing was not finished until 1811. At that time, it was not as big as it is now. The dome in the center of the building
A car's strut bar or strut brace is to prevent body roll by bracing the top of the strut towers together. Most strut bars follow one of two design types:
The word wireless is used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation which is done without a "hard wired" connection. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires. The distances involved may be short (when using a television remote control) or long (thousands or even millions of kilometers for radio communications). Uses. One of the most popular wireless technology is the mobile phone, with more than 6.8 billion subscriptions worldwide as of 2013. The term wireless technology is generally used for mobile information technology (IT) equipment. Examples include mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), Global Positioning System (GPS) units, garage door openers, wireless computer mice and keyboards, satellite television and cordless telephones. History. The world's first wireless telephone conversation happened in 1880, when Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter invented photophone, a telephone that made conversations wirelessly using light beams. In 1946, a driver in Saint Louis, Mo. placed the first cell phone call in history. The cell phone was invented by Bell Labs and future AT&amp;T CEO, H.I Romnes.
Shah () is a Persian word which means the king or ruler of a country. This word is used in different countries in the world, including Iran, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Presently the term "Shah" is used as a surname by people in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan who are Hindu, Muslim and Jain. The most famous of them is Shah Jahan, who as the Emperor of India ordered the creation of Taj Mahal. The last ruler who used "Shah" as a royal title was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran from 1949 to 1979.
Approval voting is a voting system used for elections. In approval voting, each person can vote for any number of candidates they like. The votes for each of the candidates are counted, and summed up. The candidate or candidates with most votes are chosen as the winners of the election. Supporters argue it to be better than plurality voting because voters can vote for the lessor of evils advertised by the media but also for their favorite candidates. If their goal is just to vote against a candidate, they can do so more forcefully by approving all other candidates. Ballots can easily be hand counted if voters do not trust computers, which might be needed for Instant Runoff Voting. Vote spoiling is not an issue with approval voting, so many candidates may run for office. Opponents argue that voters still have some of the problems of plurality voting, which is that they do not know if they will need to compromise their vote or not(tactical voting). Giving approval to a compromise candidate could result in that compromise candidate winning, when their favorite would have won had they not given approval to the compromise candidate. It is possible for 51% of voters (a majority) to view a candidate as their first choice but for that candidate to lose to a compromise candidate because many of those voters approved the compromise candidate as well. Not knowing whether or not to compromise is a problem with all voting systems when at least three strong candidates run.
An agar plate is a Petri dish that contains agar and some nutrients (food for the microorganisms). It is used to grow microorganisms. For example, a blood sample of a patient may be put on agar plate, to let the bacteria that made the patient sick grow. These bacteria can then be identified using a microscope to let the doctor choose the appropriate treatment of the patient. When microorganisms grow on the agar plate, they form colonies. Each colony has similar genetic characteristics.  There are many types of agar plates that are used, but the two main types are defined and undefined. An undefined plate's nutrients aren't exactly known, but everything in a defined plate is accounted for.
Abū al-Mughīth Hossein ibn Manūr Al Hallāj (c. 858 - 26 March 922) () or Hallaj was a Persian poet and writer. Hallaj was born in Shūshtar, Iran. Hallaj memorized the Quran when he was young. He taught Sufism in Baghdad. Muslim scholars were against his teachings. He was imprisoned in Baghdad for eleven years. In the end, he was tortured and he was beheaded by Abbasid rulers.
A conical measure is a piece of laboratory equipment which is used to store and mix liquids. Structure. A conical measure is a conical, or in the shape of a cone. It has a wide top so that liquids can be poured in more easily and marks on the side of it to help measure the amount of liquid more easily. They can be made of plastic or glass. Uses. A conical measure can be used in any pouring, measuring or mixing of liquids. This means that it is useful in: They are also useful in homes as a measuring cup for cooking. Conical measures are not very accurate, but are easy to use and to mix liquids in.
Ali Shariati Mazinani (1933-1977) (Persian: علی شريعتی مزینانی) or Shariati was an Iranian Muslim philosopher, sociologist, poet and writer. Shariati's life. Shariati was born in 1933 in Mazinan, Iran. He studied sociology in the University of Paris. He returned to Iran in 1964. When he returned to Iran, the Shah regime arrested and imprisoned him for political reasons. He was released in 1965. Shariati began teaching at the University of Mashhad. He began lecturing at the Hosseiniye Ershad institute in 1967. The Shah regime arrested him again. When he was freed in 1975, he was not allowed to teach or publish anything. Shariati decided to leave the country for England. Three weeks later he died in Southampton under suspicious circumstances. He was buried in Damascus, Syria.
Abul Hasan Abu Ishaq Kasa'i Marvazi (or Marvzi) (953 - 10th century)  () or Kasai is a Persian poet. He was born in Marv. He was a poet in the court of Mahmud Ghaznavi. He converted to Shia Islam. He has praised Ali ibn Abi Talib many times in his poems. All of his poems are in Persian. His poems are collected in a Diwan.
Amir Abdollah Muhammad Mu'izzi (1048-1125) was an 11th century and 12th century poet. He was from Persia, and was the poet laureate of Sanjar. He was from the village of Nisa. He is considered one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric qasideh. He lived in the courts of Malik Shah I and Sultan Sanjar. His "divan" of 18,000 distichs remain. Anvari says Mu'izzi copied the verses of other poets (this cannot be proven for certain). Anvari himself is known to have copied Mu'izzi's verses. Mu'izzi is said to have died by an arrow shot by the King's son in 1125 for unknown reasons. He was accidentally shot by Sanjar. Example. Ghazel of Mu'izzi in Tajik: Эй руйи ту рахшандатар аз киблаи Зардушт, Бе руйи ту чун зулфи куж аст маро пушт. Ишки ту маро кушту хавои ту маро сухт, Чаври ту маро хасту чафои ту маро кушт. Харчанд хама чавру чафои ту кашидам, харгиз накунам мехру вафои ту фаромушт. Бархезу биё то зи руху зулфи ту имшаб, Пурлола кунам доману пурмушк кунам мушт translation - Hey your face is brighter than qibla of Zarostra Without your face and ringlets crooked in my back Your love killed me and your air burnt me I have your oppression and your cruelty killed me Whatever your oppression and cruelty I suffered from Never I will forget your
The Seasons (German: "Die Jahreszeiten") is an oratorio by Joseph Haydn. An oratorio is a long musical work with orchestra, choir and solo singers. It usually tells a story from the Old Testament of the Bible. "The Seasons" is different. It is about the four seasons of the year. It describes nature and people's relationship to nature during the year. "The Seasons" was the last big work that Haydn composed. He composed it in 1801. By this time he was the most famous composer in Europe. Mozart had died ten years earlier, and Beethoven was a young man who was just starting to become famous. Haydn was nearly 80 years old and his health was not good. Although he lived another eight years "The Seasons" was the last big work he wrote. Soon after he had composed it he stopped composing altogether. Haydn had only written one big oratorio before "The Seasons". This was an oratorio called "The Creation". It had been performed in 1798 and was very popular all over Europe. The libretto (the words) had been written by Baron Gottfried van Swieten who was an Austrian nobleman who liked music. He had helped Mozart in his career and now he was helping Haydn. He wanted Haydn to write a second oratorio, so he wrote the libretto for "The Seasons". He used a long English poem with the same title by James Thomson (1700-1748). He made it much shorter and changed it so that it was suitable to be set to music, and he translated it into German.  Haydn took two years to write the music. It was first performed in Vienna on 24 April 1801. The audience liked it, although not as much as "The Creation". One problem was that Haydn was not very happy about the libretto. He thought that oratorios should be about serious, dramatic stories from the Bible or from classical mythology, not about everyday life. Van Swieten was not very happy when Haydn criticized it, but he did not change it, and Haydn did his best to make the work interesting. The music. The
Sohrab Sepehri (; October 7, 1928 – April 21, 1980) was an Iranian poet and painter. He was born in Kashan, Iran. His poems are in Persian. His most famous poetry book is Hasht Ketab (Eight Books). His poems have been translated to French, English, Arabic, Italian, Swedish, Hindi and Russian. Sohrab Sepehri died in Tehran.
Jalalolmamalek pesar-e Gholam-Hossein Mirza (October 1874 - 14 March 1926) () or Iraj Mirza () was an Iranian poet. He was born in Tabriz, Iran. His most famous poems are Satan (in Persian: "Ebleess"), Mother (in Persian: "Maadar"), Woman's picture (in Persian "Tassvir-e-Zan"), Story of the Hijab (in Persian "Daastaan-e Chaador") and the story of Zohreh and Manouchehr (in Persian: "Daastaan e Zohreh o Manouchehr"). He died in Tehran on 14 March 1926. His tomb is in Shemiran, north of Tehran.
Federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of people are bound together, with a governing head. In a federation, the authority is divided between the head (for example the national government of a country) and the political units governed by it (for example the states or provinces of the country). Several countries in the world have a federal government; examples are United States of America, Canada, Nigeria, Australia, India, Brazil, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The European Union can be called a sort of federal government as well. In the United States Constitution for example, the federal government and state governments both have power. When states and the federal government do not agree on something, the federal government can sue the state in court using the Supremacy Clause in Article VI of the Constitution. This case can go as far as the Supreme Court to decide which side is right. The federal government does not always do this. It has taken no action when several states made marijuana legal or when prostitution was made legal in parts of Nevada. It has sued over an immigration law in Arizona.
A federation is a union of a number of self-governing states or regions, which are joined together under a central government. The central government is not able to do a lot of things that central government in more centralized states can. These things are done by the states (or regions) in a federalized state. The United States of America is a federation. The federal (central) government has the highest executive role. However, state governments can exercise any powers as long as those powers are not assigned to the federal government (by the United States Constitution) and if those powers are not prohibited by the states themselves. Australia became a Federation in 1901. After the 1971 civil war, Pakistan became a Federation adopted in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. Other examples of federal states are Austria, Belgium (since 1993), Canada, Germany, Russia and Switzerland. Argentina. Argentina is divided into 23 provinces ("provincias"; singular: "provincia"), and 1 city (commonly known as "capital federal"): Australia. Territories. Mainland. From 1926 to 1931, Central Australia existed as a separate territory between the 20th and 26th parallels of latitude, before being becoming a part of the Northern Territory again. Belgium. ! width="15%" | Province ! width="17%" | Hainaut ! width="17%" | Walloon Brabant ! width="17%" | Namur ! width="17%" | Liège ! width="17%" | Luxembourg ! French name ! German name ! Dutch name ! Location ! Flag ! Coat of Arms ! HASC ! FIPS ! Area ! Subdivisions ! Capital ! Population ! Density ! Governor ! Government ! Website Because the German-speaking Community is found in the Province of Liège, people want a third province: the Province of Eupen-Sankt Vith, which would be made up of the 9 municipalities of the German-speaking Community.
A federal republic is a federation of a lot of states, with a republican form of central governments. It differs from a unitary state in that in a federal republic, the authorities of the state governments cannot be taken back by the central governments. A republic is a country belonging to the people, whereas a federation is a form of government where by regional divisions are not branches of the central government. Thus, a federal republic has power divisions and regional governments fall under the power domain of the national government.  Many countries have a federal republic government; for some examples are, the Republic of Austria, Also Federal Republic of Brazil, Also Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Also Federal Republic of Germany, Also Republic of India, Also United Mexican States, Also Swiss Confederation, Also Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Also Boliviari Republic of Venezuela, and Also the United States of America. As this list shows, some of these countries use "Federal Republic" in their name, and some do not. Federal Republics usually have presidents. There can be more than one type of Federal republic. For example, the United States is a Constitutional Federal Republic. Ethiopia also has a Federal Republic government History of the American Federal republic. The American Federal republican system has grown over the past 225 years.
A square is a shape with four equal sides and four equal angles. Square may also mean: Locations. A town square or market square is an open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town. Notable squares include: Other locations called "Square" include:
In mathematics, a square of a number means the result of multiplying the number by itself. For example, the square of 6 is 6×6 = 36. It is named this because squaring a number gives the area of a square. Squaring a number can also be written as 62 = 36. Squaring is the same as raising to the power of 2. Many of the units of area are squares. For example, a "square meter" means the area equal to the area of a rectangle which is one meter tall and one meter wide.
Pan is a moon of Saturn. It is the closest moon to the planet, orbiting 133,600 km above Saturn's cloud tops. It was discovered in 1990 by Mark Showalter. He discovered Pan when he was analysing the photos taken by Voyager 2. It orbits inside the Encke gap which it has made Saturn's A Ring. Pan was named after the Greek god Pan on 16 September 1991. It is also known as . Its mass is in the range formula_1.
Tropical Storm Franklin was a strong tropical storm that stayed in the western Atlantic Ocean for much of its life. Franklin was the sixth named storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and almost became a hurricane two times. Tropical Storm Franklin formed north of the Bahamas on July 21 and moved steadily across the western Atlantic while coming close to Bermuda on July 26. Later, Franklin became an extratropical cyclone near Newfoundland, before being absorbed by another non-tropical system. Franklin caused no damages and killed no people while it stayed in the ocean during most of its life. Storm history. A tropical wave formed west from the African coast late on July 10. The wave entered the Bahamas on July 21 and strengthened into Tropical Depression Six while 70 miles (110 km) east of Eleuthera. Initially the storm was predicted to move in a clockwise loop and slowly move to the west in response to a high pressure system. Several models showed the possibility of the storm to change westward and move into central Florida. Anyhow, soon after the depression formed, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Franklin. Tropical Storm Franklin suffered a lot of wind shear related with the development of Tropical Storm Gert, which made the forecasters at the National Hurricane Center to say that Franklin could be destroyed in the next few days. However the shear stopped as Franklin moved to the northeast, allowing the storm to strengthen. The forecasters now said that Franklin could "attain and maintain hurricane strength" and make a close approach to Bermuda. Shortly after on July 23, Tropical Storm Franklin reached its strongest point with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds. Franklin moved unevenly to the east while weakening as shear increased again. The NHC predicted that the storm would dissipate, but Frnaklin stopped weakening on July 25 with Franklin a minimal tropical storm. The storm passed to 200 miles (325 km) to the west of Bermuda on July 26 and moved slowly northwards into the warmer waters of the Gulf Stream. The shear also reduced once again allowing Franklin to re-strengthen somewhat, with winds reaching 60 mph (95 km/h) on July 28. Meanwhile, Franklin began to
Pandora is a moon of Saturn. The moon was found in 1980 from Voyager 1’s photo and named after Pandora in Greek mythology. It is the outer shepherd satellite of Saturn's "F ring", the inner satellite being Prometheus. Pandora has many craters in its surface.
Epimetheus is a moon of Saturn. Epimetheus was discovered by Richard Walker in 1966. At first, Epimetheus was thought to be same as Janus, another moon that orbits at the same distance from Saturn. It was confirmed by Voyager 1 in 1980 that they were two separate moons. Epimetheus has an Orbital period of around 3.5 hours.
Enceladus is a moon of Saturn. It is the sixth largest of Saturn's moons, and it has a diameter of 500 km. Enceladus is within Saturn's E ring and likely contributes material to it. The moon is made mostly out of water ice, so it reflects light very well. It reflects almost 100% of the sunlight that strikes the moon, making it the most reflective moon.William Herschel discovered Enceladus on August 28, 1789. In 2014, NASA reported that its Cassini spacecraft found evidence for liquid water on Enceladus. Scientists now think that there is a large underground ocean of liquid water, around 10 km thick, near Enceladus' south pole. There are also cryovolcanoes (cold volcanoes) near the south pole. These volcanoes shoot large jets of water vapor, other volatiles, and some solid particles like sodium chloride crystals and ice particles into space. Some of these substances become part of Saturn's E ring.
Tethys (pronounced "TEE-this") is a large moon of the planet Saturn. Discovery. It was discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1684. It was one of the first Saturnian moons discovered. Physical characteristics. Mass, density and volume. Tethys' mass is 617,551,805,221,061,000,000 kg, its density is 0.973 g/cm3 and its volume is 634,264,255 km3. Craters and valleys. It has a very large crater on its surface, called Odysseus. It is named after a Greek warrior king in Homer's two great works, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey". There is also a very long valley called Ithaca Chasma. It is 100 km wide and 2000 km long. Orbit and rotation. Tethys takes 45.3 hours to orbit (go around) Saturn and orbits Saturn 294,660 km away. Tethys is tidally locked in phase with its parent planet - one side always faces toward Saturn.
Tropical Storm Jose was a tropical storm that lived for a very short time from August 22 to 23. Jose was the tenth named storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season which made landfall in eastern Mexico. Tropical Storm Jose formed off the coast of Mexico in the western Gulf of Mexico on August 22 and made landfall on eastern Mexico the next day while at its strongest point with 60 mph (95 km/h) winds. Jose then quickly dissipated while inland and caused heavy rain. Jose killed a total of eight people (6 directly and 2 indirectly) who were all killed by landslides and caused $45 million in damage.  Storm history. On August 17 a tropical wave, probably from the same wave from which Tropical Depression Ten had developed from earlier in the month, began to organize in the central Caribbean. Convection steadily increased as it moved to the Yucatán Peninsula. The system then weakened while overland, and by the time when it entered the southweatern Gulf of Mexico on August 21 it hardly had any convection. However early in the morning of August 22 under highly favorable upper-level conditions, convection quickly increased and the system became Tropical Depression Eleven about 110 miles (175 km) east of Veracruz, Mexico. The depression quickly strengthened as it moved to the west, becoming Tropical Storm Jose just six hours later after forming. The global model guidance originally failed to predict the storms track well, with some models showing that it would somehow stop offshore. Jose continued to strengthen as it moved towards the coast and made landfall in the state of Veracruz early on August 23 with winds at its strongest at 60 mph (90 km/h). As Jose made its landfall an eye was beginning to form, although the storm was still short of hurricane strength. Tropical Storm Jose quickly weakened after landfall and dissipated that afternoon in the mountains of central Mexico only 24 hours after forming. Preparations. Because Tropical Storm Jose formed so close to shore, there was only a lead time of less than 9 hours on the tropical storm warning given out on September 22 for the Veracruz coastline. The