ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Zenzi Miriam Makeba (March 4, 1932 - November 9, 2008), nicknamed Mama Africa, was a South African singer, actress, and activist. She was against racial segregation which happened during the 20th century in South Africa.She shaped the new transition of black empowerment through her nationally and somehow globally acclaimed music. Early life. Makeba was born in a town near Johannesburg, South Africa on March 4, 1932. Her town was segregated. Makeba started to sing in her school/church choir. She found comfort in singing and music. Middle Life. Makeba started singing professionally in 1950. She first sang with her cousin's group. They were called the Cuban Brothers. She was also in two other groups called the Manhattan Brothers and the Skylarks. Makeba was in movies and musicals as well. She was in the musical "King Kong" in 1959, the movie "Come Back, Africa", and she recorded music with Harry Belafonte. "Come Back, Africa" criticized segregation in South Africa. The South African government banned her from South Africa. Harry Belafonte helped Makeba come to the United States of America. They became friends and made an album together. The album was called “An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba.” They won a Grammy award in 1966 for that album. Late Life. Makeba married a jazz trumpet player named Hugh Masekela in 1964. Makeba divorced him in 1966. She then married Stokely Carmichael in 1968. He was a Civil Rights leader. She divorced him in 1978. Makeba came back to South Africa in 1990. The government started removing laws that made South Africa segregated. Makeba then died on November 9th 2008.
Fannie Lou Hamer (; Townsend; October 6, 1917 – March 14, 1977) was an influential American activist who fought for equal rights. Hamer protested for racial equality and reproductive rights in America. She is known for speaking for the African American group at an important national all-white meeting. Hamer was also a church singer. Her perseverance and rebellious spirit allowed her to help others, and make a long-lasting impact.  Activism. Hamer spent a large portion of her life working in the fields. She grew up on a farm. She married her husband in 1944, and they found work at a nearby plantation.  In 1962, Hamer learned that voting registration for Black Americans was possible. She immediately traveled to the nearest poll. However, she could not pass the literacy test. It was made very difficult to keep Black Americans from being able to vote. She soon returned home. She was fired from her job because she wanted to vote. She continued to attempt registration. She was arrested. In prison, she was beaten. However, her confidence and perseverance gained nationwide attention.  In 1964, she co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). This organization challenged the local Democratic Party’s racist efforts. In 1968, Hamer became an official member of Mississippi’s first delegation to have both White and Black Americans. She organized many more operations and rallies in support of civil rights. Hamer traveled around the country, giving powerful speeches. In 1971, Hamer helped to found the National Women’s Political Caucus.  Political progress was slow. Hamer became frustrated. She began doing economic work. She began a “pig bank” to provide free pigs for Black farmers to breed, raise, and slaughter. She later founded the Freedom Farm Cooperative (FFC). Hamer purchased land that Black people could own and farm independently. Donors supported her so that she could buy more than 600 acres to build a store, a boutique, and a sewing factory. Home Life. Hamer grew up in Mississippi, USA. She was the youngest of twenty children. Their family was able to get a small amount of a land and
Ella Josephine Baker (December 13, 1903 – December 13, 1986) was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist. She worked alongside some of the most famous civil rights leaders of the 20th century, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, A. Philip Randolph, and Martin Luther King Jr. She also mentored many emerging activists, such as Diane Nash, Stokely Carmichael, Rosa Parks, and Bob Moses. Baker has been ranked as "One of the most important African American leaders of the twentieth century and perhaps the most influential woman in the Civil Rights Movement," known for her critiques not only of racism within American culture, but also the sexism and classism within the Civil Rights Movement. Organizations. Baker worked with many civil rights organizations. Some of these organizations were the NAACP, Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.  Baker knew that some Black American protesters lost their jobs. Their White American bosses fired them. So she co-founded “In Friendship.” “In Friendship” raised money and collected  clothing to send to people who were fired. Baker was the Executive Secretary.
Amina al-Said (January 20, 1914 - August 13, 1995) was an Egyptian feminist, journalist, and editor. In 1931, she was one of the first three women to graduate from Fu’ad University. She advocated for women's rights in Egypt. She started the first Arabic magazine for women in 1934, the "Hawaa-Eve". She also helped start the Pan-Arab Feminist Union. Al-Said was the first Egyptian journalist to be paid by a major publisher. She received the First State Recognition Award, First Order of the Republic, Universal Star, and National Arts Award. She was also one of the first women's rights activists to be supported by her government.
Frederick Clinton "Fred" Quimby (July 31, 1886 – September 16, 1965) was an American cartoon producer. He was best known as producing "Tom and Jerry" cartoons, for which he won seven Academy Awards. He was the movie sales executive in charge of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, which included Tex Avery, as well as William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (creators of "Tom and Jerry").
Sir Eric Grant Yarrow, 3rd Baronet, MBE, DL, FRSE (23 April 1920 – 22 September 2018) was a British businessman. He was born in Surrey, England. After serving during World War II, he worked at Yarrow Shipbuilders, in 1946, later becoming President of Yarrow plc until 1987, and was Chairman of Clydesdale Bank from 1985 to 1991. Yarrow was appointed a Vice-President of RINA in 1972 as well as serving as Prime Warden of the Shipwrights' Company (1970–71), among other charitable activities. Yarrow was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for military service in 1946. Yarrow died on 22 September 2018 at the age of 98.
Anita Ellis (née Kert; April 12, 1920 – October 28, 2015) is a Canadian-born American singer, actress and pilot. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. Ellis became a naturalized United States citizen in 1950. In 1941, she joined WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio, as a singer. Ellis dubbed the singing voices of such actresses as Rita Hayworth (notably in "Gilda", 1946), Vera-Ellen and Jeanne Crain. Ellis retired in 1987 and moved to Manhattan. She suffered from Alzheimer's disease.
Lydia Wideman (later "Wideman-Lehtonen"; 17 May 1920 – 13 April 2019) was a Finnish Olympic cross-country skier gold medalist. She was born in Vilppula, Finland. She was the first female Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing. In 1952 she competed in thirteen 10 km races and won all of them, including the 1952 Winter Olympics, national championships and Lahti Ski Games. In February 2018, following the death of Durward Knowles, she became the oldest living Olympic champion. Wideman died on 13 April 2019, aged 98.
Sir Durward Randolph Knowles (2 November 1917 – 24 February 2018) was a Bahamian sailor and Olympic champion. He won the gold medal in the Star class at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, together with Cecil Cooke. He won the bronze medal in the same class at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. From 2016 to 2018, he was the oldest living Olympic champion. He turned 100 in November 2017 and died on 24 February 2018 of kidney failure.
Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse (January 2, 1918 – December 13, 2019) was a German type designer, calligrapher and book-binder. She was the 1991 winner of the Frederic W. Goudy Award. She also designed several fonts.  Life. She was born in Schwerin, Germany. In her early years, she worked with Rudolf Koch and Edward Johnston. From 1946 to 1954, Von Hesse taught lettering at the Städelschule in Frankfurt. She was hired by the Stempel foundry in Frankfurt to design typefaces, and went on to a successful career as a typographer with Stempel. In 2001, she was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Friends of Calligraphy. She turned 100 in January 2018. From 1951 until his death in 2015, she was married to Hermann Zapf. They had one son Christian, who died in 2012. She lived in Darmstadt, Germany. She died on December 13, 2019 at the age of 101.
Laban movement analysis (LMA) describes human movement. It is based on the original work of Rudolf Laban, and many others helped to develop it. Its main and original purpose was to be a dance notation. Before film and video were developed, there was no way to record dance moves so that later dancers could use those moves. The transmission of dance from one generation to the next depended on older expert dancers teaching young dancers. The problem was especially notable in modern dance, where the vocabulary of classical dance figures was expanded with almost no limits. Towards the end of his life, Laban extended his ideas into the movements workers made during physical work. LMA draws from many fields including anatomy, kinesiology and psychology. It is used by dancers, actors, gymnasts and many other groups. However, it is fair to say that it is now largely replaced by video recordings. Also, it is not the only kind of dance notation, and not the only way human movement can be written down as a record for later generations. And, it was not the first such system. For example, in the 1680s Pierre Beauchamp had a dance notation system for baroque dance, and in 1887/8 Eadweard Muybridge started to use film to record human and animal movement. It is film and video which has transformed our understanding of motion, rather than dance notation. But in its field the Laban notation was notable. Dance which has been reliably recorded on notation and perhaps backed up by video recording, can be and has been used to copyright choreography.
Kirsty Sword Gusmão was the first lady of East Timor from 2000 to 2015. Gusmão wanted kids to be able to learn. Gusmão started the Alola Foundation.  The Alola Foundation helps girls, their families and helps poor people. She helped free East Timor from Indonesia. Gusmão was a spy for twenty years. Early life. Gusmão was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1966. She went to Melbourne University and studied education. East Timor. Gusmão first traveled to the East Timor part of Indonesia in 1991. She was finding information for a movie on the area and was the interpreter for the movie maker. She became a teacher in Jakarta, Indonesia. She worked there from 1992-1996. She was worried about human rights in East Timor. While she fought for human rights she met the East Timor independence leader, Xanana Gusmão. He was in prison. She met him through going to his jail cell. She married him in 2000. She moved back to Melbourne, Australia , for cancer treatment in 2012. In 2015, Sword Gusmão and Gusmão announced their separation.
Wendy Wasserstein (October 18, 1950 – January 30, 2006) was an American playwright. She was an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. She received the Tony Award for Best Play and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1989 for her play "The Heidi Chronicles". Her plays, which explore topics ranging from feminism to family to ethnicity to pop culture, include "The Sisters Rosensweig", "Isn't It Romantic", "An American Daughter", "Old Money", and her last work which opened in 2005, "Third". Wasserstein was hospitalized with lymphoma in December 2005 and died on January 30, 2006, aged 55.
Gloria Molina (May 31, 1948 – May 14, 2023) was a politician and an activist for Latino rights. Early Life. Gloria Molina was born on May 31, 1948 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother and father moved to the United States from Mexico. She went to school in Pico Rivera, California as a child, and she also went to East Los Angeles College. When she was 19, she made most of the money for her family. She stopped school at California State University in Los Angeles.  Achievements. Molina was a part of and started many groups that supported LatinX rights. She became a member of the California government in 1982. In 1987, she became the first woman Los Angeles government member. She heard the people of Los Angeles to make the city better. In 1991, Molina became a Supervisor for Los Angeles. While Supervisor, she fought to stop AIDS. She became the co-chair of Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign.
Anjali Gopalan (born September 1, 1957) is a gay rights activist in India. She specifically focuses on HIV/AIDS. She forced the Indian government to pay attention to people with HIV/AIDS. The Indian government had to give more money to help people with HIV/AIDS. The government also made a law that doctors have to give good medical care to people with this virus and disease. Gopalan was born in India. Her father was in the army, so they moved around a lot. She went to school in India and the United States. She went to Lady Shri Ram College. She studied politics, journalism, and international development. Gopalan worked as a journalist in India. She moved to New York City. She became a social worker and saw how HIV/AIDS affected people. She returned to India to take care of her parents. She then began to inform her community about HIV/AIDS in India. References. "Anjali Gopalan." "Newsmakers", vol. 1, Gale, 2013. "Biography In Context", Accessed 3 May 2018.
Elaine H. Kim (February 26, 1972) teaches Asian American Studies and she fights for Asian American rights.  She co-founded the non-profit organization Asian Women United (AWU). Kim first suffered disrespect because of her race in the second grade. She has made videos and has written in newspapers. She attended University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. Kim went back to Seoul, South Korea to teach, but came back to University of California, Berkeley. She teaches Asian American studies, and she fought for Asian American people around the San Francisco Bay Area and in Berkeley.
Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer (September 23, 1950 – August 8, 1998) was a civil rights activist and writer. She fought for the rights of people with disabilities. She also wrote the book, "I Raise My Eyes to Say Yes", with the help of Steven B. Kaplan. Early Life. When she was five weeks old, Sienkiewicz-Mercer acquired viral encephalitis. This is a disease that causes the brain to swell up. She became well again. Later, others noticed that she was not able to speak or move. Sienkiewicz-Mercer was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, a disease that causes paralysis.  Education. The first school Sienkiewicz-Mercer attended was in Massachusetts. This school was meant for people with disabilities. There, a doctor diagnosed her as mentally disabled. Her parents then decided to send her to another school. This school was more expensive. Sienkiewicz-Mercer had to leave the school because there was not enough money to continue her education. She then had to attend another school for the mentally disabled. At this school, Sienkiewicz-Mercer was treated terribly for sixteen years. Quotes. "After fourteen years of living in an institution, I knew I had to write a book about my experiences to let everyone know I was aware of all that was going on. I don't want people to have to live in that kind of environment. They are left to rot, basically, and not treated like the human beings they are. My work consists of advocating for the rights of people with disabilities, promoting community services, and closing down institutions. I want to write more."
Maureen Orcutt (April 1, 1907 – January 9, 2007) was an American golfer and "New York Times" reporter. Orcutt won many golf championships. She stopped playing golf at age 87 because she had knee problems. In 1934, she won the 1934 Democratic Party nomination for the New Jersey General Assembly. In 1991, she was put into the New York State Hall of Fame for winning golf tournaments over 70 years. In 2007, Orcutt died at the age of 99 from heart failure.
Patrisse Cullors supports African Americans and their rights. She co-founded Black Lives Matter. She was born in 1984 and grew up in Los Angeles. She also supports LGBTQ rights. Early life. Cullors lived during a time when prison populations were rising. Her father and brother were in and out of prison most of her life. Her mom worked long hours and spent limited time with her. When she was 16, she identified as queer and had her first girlfriend. Her family did not agree, but her friends supported her. She decided to get involved in other groups that would support her and help others like her. Cullors went to UCLA, where she studied philosophy and religion. She kept trying to get equal rights during this time. Achievements. Cullors co-founded the Black Lives Matter movement. She created a hashtag, #BlackLivesMatter. It spread quickly on social media sites. She helped African-Americans that needed help with lawsuits against them. She supported the LGBTQ community. She wanted everyone to have equal rights. Publications. Cullors wrote the book called "STAINED: An Intimate Portrayal of State Violence." It talks about violence in prison.
The snowshoe hare is "Lepus americanus", found in North America. It is a kind of hare adapted to cold climates. It is white in colour in the winter. A major predator of the snowshoe hare is the Canada lynx. There are historical records of animals caught by fur hunters over hundreds of years. The records show show the lynx and hare numbers rising and falling in a cycle. This has made the hare a case study of the relationship between numbers of predators and their prey.
The Russalka was a battleship of the navy of the Russian Empire. It was assigned to coastal defense in the Baltic Sea. History. The Russian vessel "Russalka" was built in St. Petersburg in 1867. It was 62 meters long and armed with six cannons. The crew consisted of 178 sailors. On September 7, 1893, the ship entered a fateful course to Helsinki and sank in the Gulf of Finland due to bad weather. On September 10, the maritime ministry announced Russalka's disappearance with all hands lost.  Search and recovery. The Imperial Russian Ministry of the Interior ordered a search, which involved 15 vessels and lasted until October 16, 1893. The search was then called off without success. On June 22, 2003, a ship was found at a depth of 30 meters from the bottom of the sea.
The term CAD/CAM is a shortening of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM). The term CAD/NC (Numerical Control) is equivalent in some industries. Most CAD/CAM software was developed for product development and to design and manufacture of components and molds. They are also increasingly used by architects. CAD/CAM software uses CAD drawing tools to describe geometries used by the CAM portion of the program to define a toolpath that will direct the motion of a machine tool to machine the exact shape that was drawn. Examples of CAD/CAM software are SolidWorks, INVENTOR, CATiA and AutoCAD. Furthermore, examples of CAM software are SolidCAM and CAMWorks. 3D CAD/CAM software provides the ability to control CNC machinery from 2.5 axis, 3 axis and multi axis CNC machines.  Expert CAD/CAM systems were developed around 1988.
The French Chess Championship is the annual national chess tournament of France. It was officially first played in 1923 after the formation of the "Fédération Française des Echecs" in 1921. The first unofficial national tournament was played in 1880, in the Café de la Régence, where further events were held in 1881 and 1883. The 1903 and 1914 tournaments were the first real predecessors of the official championship. They ran under the name "Championnat de France des amateurs" (Championship of the chess enthusiasts).
Manuel Turizo Zapata, better known as Manuel Turizo and by the acronym MTZ (born 12 April 2000) is a Colombian singer and songwriter. Born in Montería, Colombia. He is recognized for his hit single "Una Lady Como Tú" that won him great popularity. Career. His musical career comes with the release of an EP composed of 3 songs of different styles. There he focuses on urban music, trap music and reggaeton. In December 2016, he launched "Baila Conmigo", produced by his brother Julián and Zensei, "Vámonos" and "Una Lady Como Tú", a theme that made him famous throughout America and part of Europe. On April 10, 2017 reissued "Una Lady Como Tú" and on August 4 premieres the remix of this track, with Nicky Jam. On October 20, "Déjala Que Vuelva" premieres, a collaboration he made with Piso 21. On November 28, the single "Déjate Llevar", a song by Juan Magán with the collaboration of Belinda, Snova, B-Case and Turizo, will be released. On December 7 he released the single "Esperándote".
Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya is an Indian mystery drama series on SET India, starring Tejaswi Prakash Wayangankar and Rohit Suchanti in lead roles and It premiered on 7 November 2017 and airs on SET India. Female Actress Profile https://twchannels.com/karn-sangini-serial-on-star-plus-cast-wiki-story-pics-images-promo-timings/
Joel Kovel (August 27, 1936 – April 30, 2018) was an American scholar and author. Biography. From 1977 till 1983 he was Director of Residency Training, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (where he was also Professor of Psychiatry from 1979–1986). From 1980 to 1985, he was an Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the New School for Social Research and from 1986–7 a Visiting Professor of Political Science and Communications, University of California, San Diego. Kovel's works include "White Racism" (1971) (nominated for a National Book Award), "A Complete Guide to Therapy" (1979), "The Age of Desire" (1982), "Against the State of Nuclear Terror" (1982), "In Nicaragua" (1986), "The Radical Spirit: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Society" (1988), "History and Spirit" (1991), "Red Hunting in the Promised Land" (1994), "The Enemy of Nature" (2002), and "Overcoming Zionism" (2007). On May 1, 2018, it was announced that Kovel died in New York City on April 30 at the age of 81. No cause of death was given.