ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Idiot is a word used to describe someone who is not very smart. Modern usage. Today "idiot" is often used to show that someone has done something which was not very clever: In literature and folklore. The word "fool" is similar to "idiot", but it is not as strong. In the history of drama a "fool" was a jester: someone who made people laugh. Kings often had jesters in real life. A court jester had the job of making the king feel happy when he was sad. Jesters often pretended to be stupid, but were actually very clever. There are jesters and fools in a lot of Shakespeare’s plays. The word simple can also be similar to "idiot". Someone who is simple is a person who is not very clever or "streetwise". They are naïve and can easily be made to believe things because they are kind and expect everyone else to be kind as well. Such people are often called simpletons.  Idiots or simpletons are commonly used in literature. In German literature (and in Wagner’s opera), Parsifal is described as "perfect fool" because he does not understand the evil ways of the world and is therefore completely good. That is why he can break the magic spell cast by Klingsor. The idiot often appears in Russian literature. Because the idiot is so simple he (it is always a male) is often able to express the truth which other people cannot see. Dostoevsky wrote a novel called "The Idiot". It is about a man who is simple and trusting. At the end of the opera "Boris Godunov" by Mussorgsky the crowd of poor people gather round the simpleton who is the last person to sing in the whole opera. His moans express the fact that Russia will continue to be ruled by cruel dictators and the people will remain poor.  In humorous parlance. The word "idiot" refers to a genetically incompetent human who is mentally inert on exposure to others - may have dampened senses and mental acuity when applied to any relatively simple task from long periods spent in a dark cave: the idiot's "natural
Kosovo (/ˈkɒsəvoʊ, ˈkoʊ-/; Albanian: "Kosova" or "Kosovë", [kɔˈsɔva] or [kɔˈsɔvə]; Serbian Cyrillic: Косово, [kôsoʋo]), officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a partially recognised country located in Southeastern Europe. Until 2008, Kosovo was a part of Serbia. On 17 February 2008, Kosovo officially declared that it was an independent country. It has since received diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 104 UN member states. History. From the 4th century BC, the area that is now Kosovo was part of the Kingdom of Dardania. In the 1st century BC, it was annexed by the Roman Empire. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Kosovo's territory was ruled by several different countries over time, such as the Byzantine Empire and later the First Bulgarian Empire. In the 13th century, Kosovo became part of Serbia. After the First and Second Battles of Kosovo in 1389 and 1448, Kosovo was taken over by the Ottoman Empire. After the Balkan Wars, which ended in 1913, Kosovo became a province of Yugoslavia. Modern history. When Yugoslavia broke apart, Kosovo remained within Serbia. However, tensions between the Albanian and Serbian communities led to the Kosovo War. In February 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia. Geography. Geographically defined in an area of 10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi), Kosovo is landlocked in the center of the Balkans and bordered by the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west.  It possesses remarkable varied and diverse landscapes for its size by climate along with geology and hydrology. Most of central Kosovo is dominated by the vast plains and fields of Metohija and Kosovo. The rugged Prokletije and Šar Mountains rise in the southwest and southeast, respectively. Most of Kosovo
The lips are a body part around the mouth. There is a (usually larger) lower lip, and a smaller upper lip. They help us to eat, touch and speak. Lips also show emotions.
An allergy is something which triggers an allergic reaction. This is the immune system defending the body against attack by bacteria and viruses.  Having an allergy is when a thing (called an allergen) cannot enter the body without them getting sick. Sometimes the system goes wrong, and is triggered by some normal food, or flares up when the family pet comes into the room. This is what the ordinary person calls an 'allergy'. 'Allergic reactions'. When people come in contact with something they are allergic to, there can be many different reactions. These reactions include the face and skin: itchy eyes, drippy or stuffy noses, swollen face, and develop a rash called hives. It can affect the respiratory tract: sneezing, and coughing. If it is a food allergy, the person may get an upset stomach.  Sometimes a person's oesophagus (throat), may swell up so much that the person can no longer breathe. This is called anaphylaxis. When this happens, a doctor must give the person a medicine called epinephrine to make the swelling go down. Some people with allergies to very common things, like bee stings or fish or nuts, carry this medicine with them so it can be used quickly in an emergency.  The device used to treat allergies and inject the medicine is called an epinephrine autoinjector.  Common allergies. Some common food allergies are: Some common environmental allergies are:
Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French officer of Jewish descent. He was wrongly accused of treason against the French military. This scandal was known as the Dreyfus affair. He was imprisoned on Devil's Island in French Guiana. His highest rank was lieutenant colonel. Dreyfus was born in Mulhouse and died in Paris.
Nucleic acids are large molecules where genetic information is stored. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA and ribonucleic acid, better known as RNA. The nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. A nucleotide is made of a nitrogenous base, sugar with five carbon atoms and a phosphate group. Nucleic acids allow organisms to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next. When a cell divides, its DNA is copied and passed from one cell generation to the next generation.  DNA is organized into chromosomes and found within the nucleus of our cells. Its function in any cell is to carry the sequence of bases which will be transcribed into RNA. The function of RNA is much more difficult to explain. One well-known function is for messenger RNA to be translated into proteins, mainly enzymes. But there are other types of RNA, and these are called non-coding RNAs.
Adam Elliot (born January 2, 1972) is an Australian animator. He is from Melbourne, Australia. His short movie called "Harvey Krumpet" won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He uses claymation and has won five Australian Film Institute Awards because of his work. Early life. Elliot was brought up on a prawn farm run by his father who had once been a circus clown, and his mother who had been a hairdresser. The family later moved to Melbourne, where Elliot made money selling hand painted T-shirts at local markets. After finishing school he went to the Victorian College of the Arts to study animation.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder (a disease a person is born with) where a person's body cannot break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. Amino acids are necessary to make proteins, an important part of the human body. Phenylalanine only comes from the food we eat; our bodies do not make any by themselves. How it works. Average people produce an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase in their bodies. When they ingest phenylalanine, the body cannot use it, so this enzyme changes phenylalanine into tyrosine, which the body can use. In people with PKU, very little or no enzyme is made. Since the phenylalanine they eat is not being changed into tyrosine, it builds up in their bodies. This can cause problems with the way their bodies work. Symptoms. Symptoms vary from person to person. Because of the rarity of PKU, many symptoms go undiagnosed or unrecognized. In addition, there are variations in the categories of PKU individuals. There are untreated, early treated, late treated, those returning to diet, Hyperphe, Classical PKU, uncontrolled, and highly controlled. For your average infant a doctor will diagnose PKU with a quick blood test. Their symptom will be high PHE levels. If that infant goes undiagnosed for weeks or months, he/she may start to exhibit some or all of the following symptoms for uncontrolled PKU. The symptoms include: Treatment. Today, scientists know what foods have phenylalanine in them, and they have created a special diet for people with PKU. Since they cannot use it, people with PKU cannot eat foods that have a lot of phenylalanine, like eggs, meat and milk. An artificial sweetener called aspartame is also a source of phenylalanine. People with PKU take a lot of vitamins to make up for the foods they cannot eat, especially vitamins B6 and B12. Babies with PKU are fed a special formula. It has everything babies need to stay healthy, but with very little phenylalanine. There are also
A group home, also called an "adult family home", care home or congregate living facility (depending on country and region) is a building that serves as a home for people who are not in the same family but have a common characteristic. In the United States and certain other countries, this would mean a home for people who need social assistance or who are not able to live alone or without proper care for safety reasons. Group homes provide a structured environment and assistance with some activities of daily living (Assisted living). In the past, these people might have lived in psychiatric hospitals, homes for the poor and orphanages. People who live in a group home may be recovering drug addicts, developmentally disabled, abused or neglected youths, and/or young people with a criminal record. A group home is different from a halfway house because it is not restricted to recovering addicts or convicted criminals, and also because the people who live there usually have to help maintain the household by doing chores or helping to manage a budget. In most countries, people can still vote and attend university while in a group home. The number of residents varies. There may be a resident manager or service staff. Residents may have their own room or share rooms, and share facilities such as laundry, bathroom in most cases, kitchen and common living areas. The opening of group homes may be fought against by neighbours who fear that it will lead to a rise in crime and/or a drop in property values and thus is a form of NIMBYism. A group home can also refer to family homes in which children and youth of the foster care system are placed until foster families are found for them.
Anfield is a football stadium in Liverpool, England. The Football team Liverpool FC plays there. The stadium has just seen an expansion of the Main Stand increasing the capacity to 54,167. Anfield is famous for the sign that is in the players' tunnel, which reads: "This is Anfield". One of their most famous rivals are Manchester United as well as Everton FC. Liverpool v Everton is known as the Merseyside Derby. Anfield used to be owned by Everton F.C and Everton created Liverpool to use the stadium. They have won 6 European cups.
Blood pressure is a measurement used in medicine. In the body, the arteries carry blood away from the heart. As blood travels through the arteries, it presses against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure measures how hard the blood is pushing against the walls of the arteries.  Usually, "blood pressure" measures the pressure in larger arteries delivering blood to body parts other than the lungs, like the brachial artery in the arm. Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). There are two numbers in a blood pressure. The first is the systolic pressure. It measures how hard the blood pushes against the walls of the arteries when the heart is in systole (beating and pushing out blood). This is when the pressure against the walls of the arteries is highest. The second number is the diastolic blood pressure. It measures how hard the blood pushes against the walls of the arteries when the heart is in diastole (resting between beats and not pushing out any blood). For example, in the picture on this page, the pressure on the walls of the arteries is 122 mmHg when the heart is beating, and 65 mmHg when the heart is resting. This blood pressure would be written as "122/65" and read as "122 over 65." Mean arterial pressure is a person's average blood pressure. Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. To measure blood pressure, doctors use a device called a sphygmomanometer. Normal Blood Pressure. Blood pressure is usually lower for children and gets higher as a person gets older. For healthy adult humans, the systolic blood pressure should be below 120, and the diastolic blood pressure should be below 80. However, blood pressure can be very different for each person. Blood pressure also changes naturally during the day (in a circadian rhythm). It gets lower during sleep and gets higher when a person gets up. It is lower when a person is resting and higher during activity. Many other things - like stress, disease, drugs, and what a person eats - can change blood pressure. Even the stress of having blood
The Royal Navy is the navy of the United Kingdom. It is the oldest part of the British fighting forces. Because it is the oldest, it is called the "Senior Service". From the 18th century until World War II, it was the largest and strongest navy in the world. The Royal Navy was very important in making Britain the superpower of that time. The Naval Service is made up of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Fleet Auxiliary, Fleet Air Arm and reserve forces. The Naval Service had 57,000 personnel (people) as of November 2011 including part-time reserve sailors, airmen and marines. The Royal Navy is one of the largest navies in the world in terms of gross tonnage (weight and size of all their ships). The Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary have 98 ships including aircraft carriers, submarines, minesweepers and patrol vessels as well as the ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. All ships in the Royal Navy are called "Her Majesty's ships" (Or HMS for short), because by constitution the Queen owns them and has command over them. Ships in the Royal Fleet Auxiliary are called "Royal Fleet Auxiliaries" (Or RFA for short) and are also technically owned by the Queen. In times of a male monarch the "Her" is replaced with "His". History. The strength of the fleets of the Kingdom of England was an important element in the kingdom's power in the 10th century. At one point, Aethelred II had an especially large fleet built by a national levy of one ship for every 310 hides of land, but it is uncertain whether that was standard or an exceptional model for raising fleets. During the period of Danish rule in the 11th century, a standing fleet was maintained by taxation. That continued for a time under the restored Anglo-Saxon regime of Edward the Confessor, who frequently commanded fleets in person. 1500–1707. A permanent Royal Navy, with its own staff, dockyards and a group of purpose-built warships, was created in the 16th century in the reign of Henry VIII.221-37 Under Elizabeth I, England was at war with Spain
The mafia is one of many organized crime groups working in many parts of the world. The most famous one was created in Italy more than 200 years ago. The mafia groups makes billions of dollars a year from such crimes as making and selling illegal drugs, money laundering, stealing, gambling, and prostitution. Etymology. The first written use of the word "mafia" has it being said on a list of rebels against the Catholic Church and meant "boldness, ambition, pride." Since none of those traits was considered to be appropriate for a woman, it became the name of a witch. Many people also believe that Arabic affected the word "mafia" during the period of the Arabs' control of Sicily in 846 AD, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. "Mahias" is an Arabic word meaning "bold man" and is believed to be incorporated into the modern term "mafia." It also suggests the bold and arguing nature of its members. Rules. A boss in the Sicilian mafia had a list of seven rules, which have been called the mafia's seven Commandments. Different groups. In Italy. The mafia in Italy has been around for hundreds of years in the areas of Calabria, Sicily, Naples and Apulia, all in southern Italy. In America. The Italian-American mafia began at the time when many Italians moved to the United States in the 19th century. The first Italian mafia was in New Orleans in Louisiana but soon was in many cities across the country. The Italian mafia in the United States is actually called "La Cosa Nostra", which in Italian means "our thing." The American mafia is divided into different groups, or "families." Many large cities have only one Italian-American mafia family, but some larger cities like New York City have more. New York City has five Italian mafia families: Many other American cities have Italian mafia families like in Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, and Los Angeles Mafia groups in other countries. There are many other groups like the Italian mafia all over the world like these: There are other groups as well, like the mafia groups in Russia that make money from drugs and weapons. All of those groups operate in the United
Metalocalypse is an animated comedy television series directed by Jon Schnepp. It is a part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. It is about a heavy metal group called Dethklok, who are the most famous and richest band in the world. The band is a very dangerous force to the people who like it and to world governments. Even though their fans often die or are hurt in the series, they still remain very popular. There is also a secret group of people who work for the U.S. Government who secretly spy on the band and plan to kill them. CD &amp; DVD Release. Cartoon Network released a DVD of the first season of "Metalocalypse" and an album of Dethklok's songs in the summer of 2007. The album has songs that are played during the series.
St. Lucia Day is a holiday that is held on December 13 in several countries in Europe. Those countries include Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland.  Overview. The holiday is in honor of Saint Lucy, or St. Lucy. On this day, young girls – mostly the oldest daughter of the house – dress like Saint Lucia in a white robe and a crown of candles. There are parades, pageants, and the girl playing Lucia serves cakes. They also sing special songs. Here is one of the songs: &lt;poem&gt; "The night treads heavily" "around yards and dwellings" "In places unreached by sun," "the shadows brood" "Into our dark house, she comes," "bearing lighted candles," "Saint Lucia, Saint Lucia." &lt;/poem&gt; The Lucia celebrations also include ginger snaps and sweet, saffron-flavored buns ("lussekatter") shaped like curled-up cats and with raisin eyes. People eat them with "glögg" or coffee.
Pride means having a feeling of being good and worthy. The adjective is proud. The word "pride" can be used in a good sense as well as in a bad sense. In a good sense it means having a feeling of self-respect. People can be satisfied with their achievements. They can be proud of something good that they have done. They can be proud of (or "take pride in") their work. They might be proud of their son or daughter or husband or wife or anyone else who is close to them and who has done something good. People can be proud of their country (patriotism). The opposite would be "to be ashamed" of someone or something.  In a bad sense, "pride" can mean that someone has an exaggerated sense of feeling good. This might mean that someone has no respect for what other people do, only respect for what he or she does. Someone who is described as "proud" may be arrogant. The word is used in this sense in the saying: “Pride comes before a fall” or “Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.” Prov.16:18 (meaning that someone is so overconfident that he or she might soon have a disaster).
Symmetry is a property of certain geometrical objects that appears the same when reflected along an axis or when rotated around a point. The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry, which refers to the absence of symmetry. In reflectional symmetry, the axis of symmetry must cross the shape through the middle, dividing it into equal halves.  In rotational symmetry, the object is identical when it is rotated by a certain amount.  The precise notions of symmetry have various measures and operational definitions. For example, symmetry may be observed
Mount Ruapehu is an active volcano on North Island, New Zealand. It is the highest mountain in North Island with a height of . It is located in Taupo, New Zealand. It last erupted in September 2007. History. In 1948, an airplane crashed into the volcano. All the people in the airplane died.
Klang (also known as Kelang) is the royal capital of Selangor, Malaysia. A popular harbour called Port Klang is located there. It is one of the busiest ports in the world. Weather. In Klang, it rains all year round. The monthly rainfall is slightly higher here in April and November. It might be because of the monsoon season. The average temperature in Klang is around 25°C to 36°C (77°F to 96.8°F). There is no distinct seasonal difference in temperature in the town. Klang is hot and humid throughout the year. Districts. There are two districts in Klang, Klang North and Klang South. Both are divided by a river called the Klang River. Famous Local Food. Klang is famous for its Bak Kut Teh, a herbal soup which contains pork. Klang is also famous for its "Rojak Klang".  Another popular delicacy here is the "Cendol Klang". The stall was opened in 1972.
The Moscow Metro is a metro system which reaches nearly every part of the city of Moscow in Russia. It is one of the most heavily used metro systems in the world. It is also famous for its stations, which are heavily decorated with paintings. In total the metro is 314 kilometres long and has 214 stations (including 1 temporarily closed). During the day about 7.2 million passengers use the metro. As in many subway systems every line has its own colour, name and number. In total there are 14 lines.  The metro runs from 5:30 AM to 1:00 AM. In peak hours trains run every 90 seconds, in the rest of the day every 3–4 minutes and in the evening every 6–10 minutes. The metro does not publish a timetable, because the trains run at short intervals. Part of Filevskaya line (4) has a timetable because there are two lines there - new line to Mezhdunarodnaya and old line to Fili. History. The first stations were opened 1935, May 15th. There were routes from Sokolniki to Park kultury and to Smolenskaya. First the Moscow metro had name after Lazar Kaganovich who was the had of Moscow Committee of All-Union communist party. In 1957 he was exiled from the party, and the Moscow metro became be named after V. I. Lenin. During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union some stations were used as shelters against bombs. Lines. The Moscow Metro has 16 lines, consisting of 14 normal lines and one light line and one U-railway. Here is a short overview of the lines: Tickets. There are tickets for a certain number of rides and tickets for a certain time. The moscow metro uses magnetic cards for tickets with a certain number of rides: 1,2,5,10,20 and 60. These tickets were first sold in 1993 as a test. All other tickets are Transport Cards (Smartcards). There are two kinds of smartcards, 'unlimited' and 'social'. Both kinds of cards can be used