ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Quicksort is a sorting algorithm that is used to sort items in a list. It was created by Tony Hoare in 1959, and it is still widely used today. Quicksort splits the list into two parts, a smaller one and a larger one, and then continues to split those parts into more parts, making the list more and more sorted along the way. It is a comparison sort, because it chooses a point in a part of the list and then compares it with all the other points in that part of the list. Algorithm. The picked item is called the "pivot", and the process of moving items to the correct side by comparing them to the pivot is called "partitioning". Often the leftmost item is chosen as the pivot. Since the algorithm runs the same exact algorithm on the two partitions that were created by the comparisons to the pivot, the algorithm is recursive. Note that this algorithm will keep on partitioning the list into smaller listss, and splitting those smaller lists into even smaller lists. Each time it does this, it will choose a new pivot within the smaller list and compare the items inside. The base case is when the algorithm reaches a list with only one item, in which it just stops because one item does not need to be sorted.
Mark David Hollis (4 January 1955 – 25 February 2019) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was known as the co-founder, lead singer and main songwriter of the synthpop/post-rock band Talk Talk. His 1998 debut solo album was his best known work. Hollis had largely retired from the recording industry in the late 1990s. On 25 February 2019, it was announced that Hollis died at the age of 64 from a short-illness at his Wimbledon, London home.
Ewald R. Weibel HonFRMS (5 March 1929 – 19 February 2019) was a Swiss biologist. He was director of the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Bern. He was known for his works with the Weibel-Palade bodies, which are named after him and his Romanian American colleague George Emil Palade. Weibel was awarded the Marcel Benoist Prize in 1974. In 1981, Weibel became a foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. In 1998, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea. In 2000, Weibel was elected as a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Giuseppe Mifsud Bonnici (17 July 1930 – 21 February 2019) was a Maltese judge and philosopher. He was Chief Justice of Malta between 1990 and 1995. He worked in the philosophy of law. Bonnici was born in Cospicua, Malta. He was a member of the European Court of Human Rights from 1992 to 1998. Bonnici died on 21 February 2019 in Valletta, Malta from lung cancer, aged 88.
Ángel María Villar Llona (born 21 January 1950) is a former Spanish football player. He was the President of the  Royal Spanish Football Federation from 1988 to 2018 and acting President of UEFA from 9 October 2015 to 14 September 2016.
Gregory John Page, AM (born 16 January 1972) is an Australian singer, musician and actor. He is best known as the original lead singer and a founding member of the children's band The Wiggles from 1991 to 2006 and then again in 2012. Page has also recorded several solo albums.
Anthony Donald Joseph Field, AM (born May 8, 1963) is an Australian musician, actor, songwriter and producer. He is best known as a member of the children's group The Wiggles and the 1980s and 1990s pop band The Cockroaches. While still a teenager, he helped found The Cockroaches with his brothers, Paul and John. The Cockroaches recorded two albums and enjoyed moderate success, interrupted by Field's service in Australia's regular army, until they disbanded in the late 1980s. Field attended Macquarie University to receive training in early childhood education. He founded The Wiggles with fellow students Murray Cook, Greg Page and former bandmate Jeff Fatt in 1991. He worked as a preschool teacher for two years before the success of The Wiggles led him to focus on children's music full-time. Despite Field's strong dislike of touring, The Wiggles became one of the most successful and active groups in Australia. Field, who wears blue while performing with the group, was responsible for the production aspects of their stage and television shows, CDs, and DVDs. His issues with chronic pain and depression, which almost forced him out of the group at the height of their success, are well-documented.
Premarital sex is sexual activity performed by people before they're married. In the past, premarital sex was called a moral issue. It was taboo in many cultures. It was also called a sin by many religions. Since about the 1960s, however, it has become more accepted, especially in the Western world. Until the 1950s, "premarital sex" meant having sexual relations between two people before they married each other. Beginning in the 1920s, and especially after World War II, premarital sex became more common, especially with women. By the end of the 20th century, 75 to 80 percent of Americans had performed vaginal intercourse before age 19. A 2011 study looked at young adults. It found that men said they had fewer negative and more positive emotional reactions. Women said condom use had fewer positive and more negative reactions. But cohort studies over 23 years found that in later years, women had greater pleasure and less guilt.
The Japanese serow is a mammal that lives in Japan. Appearance. Adult Japanese serow stand about 81 centimetres (32 in) tall and weigh 30–45 kilograms (66–99 lb). They are black to whitish, and colouring lightens in summer. Living areas. They live in dense woodland in Japan, primarily in northern and central Honshu and are found in dense mountain forests.They live in open grassland and forests at an elevation of about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), and uses caves to rest in. Food and water. They eat leaves, shoots, and acorns.  Reproduction. Capricornis crispus is socially monogamous. Relationship with humans. The animal is seen as a national symbol of Japan and protected in conservation areas.
The red giant flying squirrel is a species of flying squirrel.　This squirrel faces no particular threats apart from habitat. The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as a "least-concern species". The tail is long 42cm and provides stability when it glides between trees. It is a dark red color. The squirrel is found in South Asia, southern China and Southeast Asia, northern India and Pakistan, Java, and Taiwan. It eats fruits and nuts, and occasionally insects. Female giant red flying squirrels gives birth to 2-3 pups at a time. The pups are weaned at age 2.5 months, Females usually breed once a year. This squirrel faces no particular threats apart from ongoing destruction of suitable habitat. However, the squirrel has been hunted for a long time in Japan
Oryzias latipes, also called the medaka or Japanese rice fish, is a freshwater fish. It lives in small streams and waterways. Its body is grayish brown on light yellow. It has a dark brown line on its back. These fish usually lay eggs in spring and summer. They have very strong kidneys, so they can tolerate more salt than most freshwater fish. If they get used to it slowly, they can live in seawater. These fish live about one year and several months. Appearance. They are approximately long. Their dorsal and ventral fins are far in the back of their bodies. Relationship with humans. The medaka fish spawn at about the same time of year that people put water into rice paddies, so they often live in the paddies. Food and water. These fish eat zooplankton and the larva of mosquitoes, which live in the water.
The Japanese striped snake is a species of snake endemic to Japan. Appearance. They are about 80~150 cm. Sometimes there are black types but usually they are light yellow. Their scales are not so big so they can't swallow big animals. Living areas. They live in almost all areas of Japan (Hokkaido, Honsyuu, Shikoku, Kyuusyu, Osumi islands). Food and Water. They mainly eat rats, birds, lizards, frogs, and snakes. They like reptiles and amphibians. They sometimes prey on one another.They drink water from their mouths. Reproduction. They lay 4~16 eggs from July to August. Hatching period is 40~50 days.The eggs are usually under the soil,a gap in the stone wall, or under the fallen leaves. Threats. Decreasing of Paddy field,forest, and Grassland as their habitat. Relationship with humans. They are often seen in the rural area.They move on the ground so they are often run over by the car. Color mutation often happens with them, so people sometimes have them as a pet.
Six Gun Sal is an American Southern Rock band based in Los Angeles, California. Background. Six Gun Sal, specializes in producing classic Southern Rock music. The members consisted of Anthony Appello, Dusty Lang, Joey Durant, Matt Geinitz. In 2016, they released an album "West Of Heaven", which consisted of 9 tracks. Tracks from album "West Of Heaven", "Whiskey Mountain" and "The Life" features modern-day Southern Rock sound with emotion and aggression. In November 2018, Six Gun Sal was invited to perform at the and .
Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde (19 September 1930 – 25 February 2019) was a German legal scholar and judge. He was a professor at the University of Freiburg and the author of more than 20 books and 80 articles dealing with legal and constitutional theory. Böckenförde was a member of the Ritter-School. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1995. Böckenförde died on 25 February 2019 at the age of 88.
In computer science, a holographic algorithm is an algorithm – a set of steps – that uses a holographic reduction. A holographic reduction always takes the same amount of time, and makes a big problem easier to solve. Holographic algorithms are not like laser holography, except metaphorically. People have used holographic algorithms to find polynomial-time ("efficient") ways to solve problems related to mathematical graphs, like satisfiability. Holographic algorithms may be connected to the P versus NP problem or computational complexity theory.  Holographic algorithms are like quantum computation in some ways, but they work with completely normal computers.
The tram system in Kraków (Polish: "Kraków"; (pronounced: ); variant English spelling Cracow; in full Royal Capital City of Krakow, Polish: Królewskie Stołeczne Miasto Kraków) is used by Polish residents and tourists to travel long distances, mostly used by those without cars. The rail system of Kraków has been in operaration since 1882 (115 years ago). They are like Buses in Kraków, but these are trams and not buses.
Gazprom () is the largest Russian company headquartered in Moscow that was founded in 1989. It is the largest natural gas extractor in the world.  The company is majority owned by the Government of Russia, via the Federal Agency for State Property Management and .
Paulo Nogueira Neto (18 April 1922 – 25 February 2019) was a Brazilian environmentalist and politician. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. Neto was Secretary of the Environment from 1974 to 1986. He helped create a total of of ecological stations and ecological reserves in Brazil. As well as of environmental protection areas. Neto died on 25 February 2019 in São Paulo from pneumonia, aged 96.
Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stones, also known as renal calculi) forms in the kidney or bladder. From there, most travel down the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body during urination. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms (90% or more) within 3 months. Kidney and bladder stones have been known to be fatal. A US founding father, Benjamin Franklin, had kidney stones.  If a stone grows to more than it can cause blockage of the ureter resulting in severe pain in the lower back or abdomen. A kidney stone 1cm or larger cannot pass on its own and requires surgery.  The medical name for kidney stone pain is renal colic. A stone may also result in blood in the urine, vomiting, or painful urination. About 50% of people who get kidney stones will have another within 5 years, especially if they are under the age of 25.
Beverley Owen (born Beverley Ogg; May 13, 1937February 21, 2019) was an American actress. She was best known as the original role of Marilyn Munster during the first season of "The Munsters". Owen was born in Ottumwa, Iowa. Owen died on February 21, 2019 in Burlington, Vermont from ovarian cancer, aged 81.
Hildegard Zadek (15 December 1917 – 21 February 2019) was a German operatic soprano. She was Kammersängerin at the Vienna State Opera. She was born in Bromberg, Province of Posen. She turned 100 on 15 December 2017. Zadek died in Karlsruhe on 21 February 2019 at the age of 101.
Christa Ludwig (16 March 1928 – 24 April 2021) was German dramatic mezzo-soprano. She was known for her performances of opera, Lieder, oratorio.  Her career spanned from the late 1940s until the early 1990s. She is widely called as one of the most significant and known singers of the 20th century, "with a voice of exquisite richness and, when needed breathtaking amplitude." Ludwig died at her home in Klosterneuburg, Germany on 24 April 2021 at age 93.
Frank Winston Ballance Jr. (February 15, 1942 – February 22, 2019) was an American politician and attorney. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 2003 to 2004. He represented North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Ballance died on February 22, 2019 from surgical complications at a hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina, aged 77.
Jeff Adachi (August 29, 1959 – February 22, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Sacramento, California. He was the elected Public Defender of San Francisco from 2003 until his death in 2019. He was a candidate for Mayor of San Francisco in 2011. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Adachi died from a heart attack in San Francisco on February 22, 2019, aged 59.
Clark James Gable (September 20, 1988 – February 22, 2019), also known as Clark Gable III, was an American actor, model, and television presenter. He was born in Malibu, California. Gable was a past host of the television reality show "Cheaters" from the 13th to the 15th seasons. His grandfather was actor Clark Gable. Gable was found dead on February 22, 2019 in Dallas, Texas of an accidental fentanyl overdose, aged 30.
Victor Jerome Banis (May 25, 1937 – February 22, 2019) was an American author. He was thought to have helped with the first wave of west coast gay writing. For his contributions he has been called "the godfather of modern popular gay fiction." He was openly gay. He was born in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. His best known work was "The Man from C.A.M.P.". Banis died on February 22, 2019 in Martinsburg, West Virginia from liver cancer, aged 81.
Steven James Brody (May 22, 1970 – February 22, 2019), known professionally as Brody Stevens, was an American stand-up comedian and actor. He was known for his roles in the television series "", and was known for appearances on "Chelsea Lately". He starred in "The Hangover" (2009) and "Due Date" (2010). On February 22, 2019, Stevens was found dead in his Los Angeles after hanging himself, aged 48.
Lisa Seagram (born Ruth Browser; July 7, 1936 – February 1, 2019) was an American actress. She was best known for her roles in "Yellow: Le Cugine" (1969), "The Carpetbaggers" (1964) and in "Caprice" (1967). She had minor roles in "Shadows" (1959) and had a small role in the television series "Batman". Seagram was born in Brooklyn, New York. Seagram died of dementia in Burbank, California on February 1, 2019 at the age of 82.
Sheridan County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 3,539 people. Its county seat is Plentywood. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Saskatchewan. History. The county was founded in 1913 and named for American Civil War General Philip Sheridan. Geography. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.7%) is water.
France-Albert René (; 16 November 1935 – 27 February 2019) was a Seychellois politician. He was the second President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. His name is often given as simply Albert René or F.A. René; he was also nicknamed Ti France. René died on 27 February 2019 in Mahé, Seychelles from respiratory failure, aged 83. Biography. France-Albert René was educated at St Mary's College in Southampton, England, and at King's College London before becoming a lawyer in Seychelles from 1957 to 1961. Abroad, he was deeply involved in Party politics. Labor, then led by Clement Attlee and later Hugh Gaitskell. These experiences led him to adopt a moderate socialist ideology, favorable to state intervention in the economy and to close ties with conservative forces such as the Roman Catholic Church - the initial goal of his career being to become a member of the clergy. Later, France-Albert René denounced local church leaders who criticized his policy. In 1964, he formed the United People's Unity of Seychelles, precursor of the current People's Party of Seychelles.
Toole County is a county in the northern U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 United States Census, 4,971 people lived there. Its county seat is Shelby. The county was created in 1914 from parts of Hill County and Teton County and was named after Joseph Toole, the first and fourth governor of Montana. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Alberta.
Valley County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 7,578 people. Its county seat is Glasgow. It is on the Canada–United States border with Saskatchewan. The county was created in 1893 from part of Dawson County.
A hechsher ( "prior approval"; plural: "hechsherim") is a symbol placed on food bought at a grocery store that is considered kosher by a professional kosher checker. There are multiple hechschers given by different companies. One popular company is the OU, which has a symbol of a "U" with a surrounding circle. Another popular company is the OK, which has a symbol of a "K" with a surrounding circle.
The Karate Kid Part II is a 1986 American martial arts drama movie and the first sequel to The Karate Kid (1984). Ralph Macchio and Pat Morita reprise their respective roles as young karate student Daniel LaRusso and his mentor Mr. Miyagi. Like the original movie, the sequel was a success, earning even more at the box office than its predecessor, although it received mixed reviews from critics. Story. Mister Miyagi and Daniel LaRusso go to Okinawa after finding out that Mr. Miyagi’s father is dying. Daniel finds out that the reason that Mr. Miyagi left Japan was because his old friend Sato wanted to kill Mr. Miyagi for falling in love with a girl named Yukie who had an arranged marriage to Sato. Daniel falls in love with a Japanese girl named Komiko but is harassed by Sato’s nephew Chozen. When a hurricane comes Daniel rescues a little girl and Mr. Miyagi rescues Sato. Sato then helps them save everyone else there. Chozen is angry with Sato for having helped their enemies so he kidnaps Komiko and says he won’t let her go unless Daniel fights him to the death. Daniel fights Chozen and wins but doesn’t kill him because he remembers that when Mr. Miyagi won his fight against John Kreese Miyagi didn’t kill him and told Daniel that “when a man has no forgiveness in his heart, life is greater punishment than death.
Jay Inslee, the Governor of Washington, announced his campaign for the 2020 United States presidential election on March 1, 2019. He is running as a Democrat and is the first governor to enter the Democratic primary race. Inslee's campaign will focus around climate change and environmental issues. Inslee is the first Washingtonian politician to run for president since Senator Henry M. Jackson in 1976. He was chairman of the Democratic Governors Association in 2018, and also was a co-chair of the United States Climate Alliance. Inslee made his announcement at a solar panel provider's warehouse in the Mount Baker in Seattle. Inslee ended his campaign on August 21, 2019 citing low polling numbers.
The 2020 presidential campaign of Beto O'Rourke, the former U.S. Representative who represented Texas's 16th congressional district from 2013 to 2019, was announced on March 13, 2019. O'Rourke became known on the national stage running for Senate in Texas, challenging incumbent Ted Cruz. He narrowly lost, by a margin of less than three percent, in one of the tightest races that year. In late 2018, speculation began that O'Rourke might run in the 2020 United States presidential election. Before the midterm elections, "The New Republic" mentioned that O'Rourke's Senate campaign was to help lay the groundwork for a potential presidential bid, especially since he was likely to lose his Senate race. He ended his campaign on November 1, 2019.
The 2020 presidential campaign of Joe Biden was a successful presidential campaign of Joe Biden, then former vice president of the United States, had officially announced and launched his 2020 presidential campaign on April 25, 2019. From February to August 2020, Biden was a candidate in the Democratic Party primaries.  On April 8, 2020, Biden became the presumptive nominee for the Democratic nomination after Bernie Sanders ended his campaign. On August 18, the Democratic National Convention officially nominated him.  On November 7, the news and media outlets announced that Biden won the election and and was elected the 46th president of the United States. Beginning. A political action committee known as Time for Biden was formed in January 2018, seeking Biden's entry into the race. In March 2019, Biden said that he may run. In mid-March 2019, he told a gathering of supporters that he may need their energy "in a few weeks". On April 19, 2019, "The Atlantic" said that Biden planned to officially announce his campaign on April 24, 2019 in an online video, followed by a launch rally in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania or Charlottesville, Virginia. Many big company donors were ready to donate to his campaign. However, later reports said that Biden was still not sure if he would run. On April 25, 2019, Biden officially launched his election campaign. During September 2019, it was revealed that a whistleblower complained about Donald Trump asking the Ukrainian government to investigate Joe Biden in hopes of finding damaging information. This caused a political scandal that eventually led to Trump's first impeachment. Promises. Biden promised when elected he would protect "Roe v. Wade" decision, create a public option for health insurance, decriminalize recreational cannabis, pass the Equality Act, make community college free, and start a $1.7 trillion climate plan supporting the Green New Deal. He supports regulation instead of a complete ban on fracking. Running mate. Biden said that his running mate would be a woman early on in the primaries. He said that he would announce his running mate around August 17. On August 11, he picked U.S. Senator Kamala Harris from California, as his running mate. She is the first African American and first Indian American to be nominated as vice president by a major political party.
Bamberg County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. In the 2020 census, 13,311 people lived there. Its county seat is Bamberg. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Bamberg County has an area of . of this is land. (0.56%) of the county is made up of water. It is the fourth-smallest county in South Carolina by land area. It is the third-smallest by total area.
Charleston County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, 408,235 people lived there, making it the third-most populous county in South Carolina (after Greenville and Richland counties). Its county seat is Charleston. The county was formed in 1901. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (33%) is water. It is the largest county in South Carolina by total land and water area. It is along the Atlantic coast.