ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Lady Garden Park (originally Ladies' Garden) is a public park in Abbottabad town, Pakistan.  History. The park was established soon after the foundation of Abbotabad town itself (January 1853) by Major James Abbott. As distinct from the "Company Bagh" (East India Company Park) which was also founded down in the main bazaar for the recreation of "natives", the Ladies Garden was exclusively for the use of European or "White" ladies and families. It was laid out over a whole block of the urban military cantonment area, opposite to St Luke's Church, Abbottabad. A number of trees and flowers imported from England and other places were also planted here. While the British Raj in India lasted, this park retained its exclusive character, but after the Independence of Pakistan in 1947, it was opened to all the general public. Present status. The park is a very popular recreational place for the citizens of Abbottabad. Apart from the general, open area with lawns and walks etc., a section has also been segregated for women and children, with swings, slides, see-saws and so on. A small snack-bar and benches are also placed in a pleasant location, under some fine old trees. A special feature of the park is the copy of the farewell poem written by Major Abbott, the town's founder, which has been carved on a big stone slab beneath a majestic cedar tree. Many tourists come to see and read this and get themselves photographed here (See Link Below for Abbott Poem Text). In literature. The park has some literary connections, or has been mentioned in some literary works, most notably:
A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate made of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material. It is usually placed on a wall or a large stone. It usually has text and sometimes an image in memory of one or more persons, as used for epitaph, an event, a former use of the place, or some other thing. A plaquette is a small plaque. The word plaquette is not usually used for outdoor plaques fixed to wall. United Kingdom. In England there is the Blue Plaques scheme. Plaques are put on to buildings to commemorate their links with important people or events. The scheme has been run by English Heritage for over 140 years and is thought to be the oldest of its kind in the world. Other commemorative plaque schemes are run by local councils and charities throughout the United Kingdom. These use their own rules for deciding when to put up a plaque. A list of schemes in England can be found on the English Heritage website. Theft. As the price of scrap metal has increased plaques have been stolen by thieves wishing to sell the metal for cash. Awards. Plaques or, more often, plaquettes, have text awarding someone or something.
Valonia ventricosa, also known as "bubble algae" and "sailors’ eyeballs", is a species of algae found in oceans throughout the world in tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of the largest single-celled organisms. However, although genuinely a single cell, it has more than one nucleus. Characteristics. Environment. "Valonia ventricosa" usually grow alone, but sometimes they grow in groups. They appear in the littoral zones and continental shelf of tropical and subtropical areas, like the Caribbean, north to Florida, south to Brazil, and in the Indo-Pacific. Overall, they inhabit most oceans in the world, often living in broken coral. The deepest water it lives in is about . Physiology and reproduction. The single-cell organism has a spherical to ovoid (egg-like) shape. The colour varies from grass green to dark green (though in deep dark water they may appear to be silver, teal, or even blackish). This is determined by the number of chloroplasts of the specimen. The surface of the cell shines like glass. The body is a thin-walled, tough, single cell with more than one nucleus. The diameter is usually from although it may get to in rare cases. The "bubble" alga is attached to the bottom by fibres: "... anchored to a substrate by minute hair-like appendages called rhizoids that create a surprisingly strong hold".  Reproduction occurs by cell division, where the multinucleic mother cell makes daughter cells, which become separate from the mother cell. Studies. Because its cells are so large, "Valonia ventricosa" has been used to study the permeability of cell membranes.&lt; In studying the cellulose lattice in the cell wall, "Valonia ventricosa" has undergone extensive X-ray analytical procedures. It has also been studied for its electrical properties, due to its unusually high electrical potential relative to the seawater that surrounds it.
Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792–1857), Dogra Rajput, was the founder of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It was the second largest princely state in British India.Though he was a man of principles, his descendents especially Hari Singh then turned out to be an autocratic ruler who suppressed the Muslims during his reign. In 1821, Gulab Singh caprajauri from Azhar Khan and vishwa from raja tej Mohan Singh comma full stop that same year gulab into part in VI who had been leading of revolution against the se Kishore Singh died in 1822 and gulab Singh was confirmed as raja of Jammu by his subject Ranjit Singh afterwards gulab Singh ticket, declaration of sun
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder of the Sikh Empire, which came to power in the Punjab from the 16th-19th century. The capital was at Gujranwala, later moved to Lahore. Ranjit Singh first came to fame around the year 1798 when he took advantage of the Durrani Empire turmoil in the Punjab region and captured the city of Lahore expelling the Afghan Muslim army garrison in the city. He then expanded in the Punjab region destroying each and ever Afghan Empire garrison and conquered many cities through his most decorated general, Hari Singh Nalwa. At its height, the Sikh Empire stretched from Jamrud in the west, Amritsar in the east, Multan in the south and Srinagar in the north. After Ranjit Singh's death, his successors were weak and divided and the entire Punjab region fell to the British East India Company, and was conquered by the British Empire later to become part of British Raj.
The Tiwana are a Punjabi Jatt clan from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. The Tiwanas in Indian Punjab are mostly Sikhs, while the Tiwanas of Pakistani Punjab are almost all Muslims.  The best-known member of this clan was late Malik Sir Khizar Hayat Tiwana who for some time remained Premier of the Punjab in British India, following Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan's demise.
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 15 is the fifteenth cycle of "America's Next Top Model". It premiered on September 8, 2010. The episode titles for this cycle were based on the guest judges. The international destinations for this cycle are Venice, Milan, Verona and Como. The winner was 19-year-old Ann Ward from Dallas, Texas. Contestants. "(ages stated are at time of contest)" Chelsey's age during on the recap episode, when she turned 23. Call-out order.  The contestant was eliminated outside from judging panel  The contestant won the reward challenge  The contestant won the reward challenge but was eliminated  The contestant was eliminated
Sir Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana (7 August 1900 – 20 January 1975) () was a Punjabi politician of British India. He was a member of the Unionist Party (Punjab). He remained Premier of the Punjab region from 1942 to 1947, just before the Partition of India. He was from a Tiwana Jat landowning family which had been prominent since the 15th and 16th centuries. His father Malik Sir Umar Hayat Tiwana had also been a faithful vassal of the British Raj and did much to elevate the family further.
The Tarar are a Jatt clan of India and Pakistan. They mostly live in the Punjab region in both these countries. Tarars in Indian Punjab are mostly Hindus and Sikhs while those in Pakistani Punjab are all Muslims. In recent times, the most well-known member of this clan is Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, a former President of Pakistan.
The Macaronesian islands, or simply Macaronesia is a modern name for several groups of islands of volcanic origin in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Europe and Africa. They belong to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde. Origin of name. Macaronesia ( 'blessed', 'happy' and 'island'; 'blessed/fortunate islands'). This term was used by Ancient Greek geographers for islands to the west of the Strait of Gibraltar. The modern use of the term Macaronesia goes to the botanist Philip Barker Webb in the 1830s for botanical descriptions. The name is occasionally misspelled "Macronesia" in analogy with Micronesia. Islands included. The following groups of islands (archipelagos) are commonly counted as being part of the Macaronesia - from north to south: Spanish is spoken in the Canary Islands and Portuguese in the rest of the islands. Cape Verde was a colony of Portugal but it is independent since 1975. Geography and environment. The islands of Macaronesia are volcanic in origin, and are thought to be the product of several geologic hotspots. The climate of the Macaronesian islands goes from Mediterranean in the Azores and Madeira to arid in Cape Verde. The Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a generally cooler climate and higher rainfall than the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Even if the distances between the different groups of islands are large, the plants and animals are similar and there are many endemic plants that are found only in these islands. The islands have a unique biogeography, and are home to several distinct plant and animal communities. The laurel forests, known as "laurisilva", of Macaronesia are a type of mountain cloud forest with species of a vegetation type which originally covered much of the Mediterranean Basin when the climate of the region was more humid and evolved to adapt to island conditions. These forests once covered most of the Azores, Madeira, and parts of the Canary Islands ("Canaries") between 400–1200 m altitude (the eastern Canaries and Cape Verde being too dry). Conservation issues. Cutting the trees for timber and wood, clearing vegetation for grazing and agriculture, and the introduction of plants and animals by humans has displaced much of the native vegetation. The laurisilva has been reduced to small pockets. As a result, many of the endemic biota of the islands are seriously endangered or extinct.
Carl Hilding "Doc" Severinsen (born July 7, 1927) is an American pop and jazz trumpeter. He is best known for leading the NBC Orchestra on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". He has won a Grammy Award. Severinsen was born on July 7, 1927 in Arlington, Oregon. He was married to Evonne Nyman from 1964 until they divorced in 1976. He married Emily Marshall in 1980. He has five children.
The Warraich or Warraich are found in Pakistan and India. They mostly live in Pakistani Punjab and also in Indian Punjab. They belong to Sikh religion and people left in Pakistan converted to Muslim. Apparently, the roots are from shrubs of Chenab River in Gujrat now district Gujrat , Pakistan. In the beginning 20th century the spread all over the Punjab including Pakistan and India after land allocation due to modern Punjab irrigation system introduced by British India government.mahraja ranjit singh belong warraich clan Religion. The majority of Warraich are muslim. The Warraich from the Pakistani side of Punjab are mostly Muslim, while those from the Indian states of Haryana and Punjab are predominantly Sikh. Geographical distribution. In Pakistan, the Warraich are mostly found in the districts of Gujrat and Gujranwala. They also live in Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Dunyapur Tehsil of Lodhran, Faisalabad , Chichawatni and Sargodha. In India, Warraich are mostly found in Haryana, Patiala and the Amritsar District.
Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, actress, civil rights activist and dancer.  Family Life. Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York City. She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and in New York City. When she was three years old, her father, Edwin “Teddy” Horne, and her mother, Edna, divorced. She lived with her grandmother, Cora Calhoun, and her grandfather, Edwin Horne. Her mother was an actor and singer, but she was not very successful. She took Lena to the South, where they moved often. When she returned to Brooklyn, she continued to move often. After her career started, Horne married Louis Jones. They divorced later. They had two children, Gail and Edwin “Teddy”. Then, she was married to Leonard George “Lennie” Hayton, a white musician. Because marriage between two races was against the law in California, they were married in Paris, France. In 1970, Horne's son and father died. The year after, Horne's husband died of a heart attack. Career. Even though her parents did not want her to be a singer, she still spent a lot of time doing it. Her family thought that she was able to do better things. Later, she decided to leave high-school to spend her time singing. Horne cared a lot about helping people without equality. Horne was a singer, actress, and dancer. She mostly sang a type of music called the blues and had a strong voice. Horne began her career in the arts by dancing and singing at the Cotton Club when she was 16. When she was 25, Horne became the first black singer with a long term singing contract. A few years later she was very popular in clubs. In the 1940s and 1950s she was in many movies and musicals, such as "Stormy Weather", "The Wiz", "Ziegfeld Follies", "Till the Clouds Roll By", "Death of
Francis Preston Blair, Sr. (April 12, 1791 – October 18, 1876) or Preston Blair was an American journalist and politician, before and during the American Civil War. Blair wanted to reunite the North and the South during the war. Blair helped to create the Republican Party. He supported many Democrats, but was mostly the ally of Republican President Abraham Lincoln. He is nicknamed The Father of the Republican Party since he was one of the men who started the Republican Party. Early life. Blair was born at Abingdon, Virginia on April 12, 1791. He moved to Kentucky and later graduated from Transylvania University in 1811. Blair became a journalist in Frankfort, Kentucky and Washington D.C., and a prominent leader of the Democrats. He was married to Eliza Violet Gist from 1812 until his death in 1876. They had five children. He founded Silver Spring, the second largest city in Maryland, in 1840. Political career. Blair helped create the Republican Party and supported the first nominee of the party, Abraham Lincoln. Although he had slaves, Blair was said that after the Mexican War that slavery should not be extended beyond where it was allowed. In 1848 he actively supported Martin Van Buren, the Free Soil Party candidate for the presidency. Later, he supported Franklin Pierce, but then went on to help organize the new Republican Party in supporting Anti-Slavery reforms at a convention at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in February 1856. Abraham Lincoln. Blair wanted John C. Frémont for president and supported him at the June 1856 convention. At the 1860 convention he supported the nomination of Edward Bates as president. When it was clear that Bates would not be nominated, Blair then supported the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. Blair helped many democratic politicians to vote yes on making slavery illegal and becoming the 13th Amendment. Blair asked President Lincoln that once Savannah, Georgia fell, he should travel to the capital of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia to talk to President Jefferson Davis, whom he knew. He organized a peace conference that failed. In 1862, Blair had told his slaves that they could "go
Hindkowans is a general term used to identify speakers of the Hindko dialect of Punjabi in Pakistan. In fact this is not an ethnic grouping or category properly speaking, and comprises diverse elements in the Punjab, and small amount in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and in Mianwali District and Dera Ghazi Khan areas of Punjab (Pakistan).  However, over time, this linguistic category or grouping has come to be linked to various indigenous regional demands and aspirations and is now thought to be an ethnic group in itself.
Patricia Neal (January 20, 1926 – August 8, 2010) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actress who is known for her roles in "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "The Day the Earth Stood Still", "Hud", "A Face in the Crowd", and in "The Fountainhead". She has won an Academy Award in 1963, two BAFTA Awards in 1963 and in 1965, a Golden Globe Award 1971, and a Tony Award in 1947. Neal was born on January 20, 1926 in Packard, Kentucky. She was raised in Knoxville, Tennessee. She studied at Knoxville High School and at Northwestern University. Neal was married to Roald Dahl from 1953 until they divorced in 1983. They had five children. She was partners with Gary Cooper before she meet Dahl. Neal died on August 8, 2010 in Edgartown, Massachusetts from lung cancer, aged 84.
Thaddeus Stevens (April 4, 1792 – August 11, 1868) was an American Republican leader. He was one of the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives from 1849 until his death in 1868. He was chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee. Stevens was a witty, sarcastic speaker and confident party leader. He dominated the House from 1861 until his death. Stevens helped create the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. He also helped with the act that helped the Reconstruction of the United States. Early life. Stevens was born in Danville, Vermont on April 4, 1792. He went to Dartmouth College and the University of Vermont. Stevens was never married and had no children. He was in a relationship with his black housekeeper even when slavery was legal. He wore a wig because he was bald. Political career. He wrote much of the financial legislation that paid for the American Civil War. Stevens and Senator Charles Sumner were the prime leaders of the Radical Republicans during the war and Reconstruction era. He worked and supported Abraham Lincoln's plan to end slavery and the U.S. reconstruction plan. He was part of Andrew Johnson's impeachment. Death. Stevens died on August 11, 1868 in Washington, D.C. from a stomach infection, aged 76. He was buried in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Personal life. Stevens never married. However, there were rumors about his 20-year relationship (1848–1868) with his widowed housekeeper, Lydia Hamilton Smith (1813–1884). She was a light-skinned African-American; her husband Jacob and at least one of her sons were much darker than she was. Culture. He was played by actor Tommy Lee Jones in Steven Spielberg's 2012 biography movie "Lincoln".
Lincoln is a 2012 biographical war drama movie that is based on events during the life of the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. The movie was made by Disney's Touchstone Pictures label, DreamWorks, and 20th Century Fox. The movie is based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's book "Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln". Plot. "Lincoln" tells about President Abraham Lincoln during January 1865, in his efforts to pass the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States House of Representatives, which would finally ban slavery in the country. Expecting the Civil War to end within a month but concerned that his 1863 Emancipation Proclamation may be rejected by the courts once the war has stopped and the 13th Amendment defeated by the returning slave states. President Lincoln seeks help from his cabinet including the founder of the Republican Party Francis Preston Blair who can help congress vote yes on stopping slavery. As he talks about the Democrats saying no, Lincoln talks to Secretary of State William H. Seward about the problem of Democrats. As Thaddeus Stevens convinces the congress to vote yes on abolishing slavery, Union Army General Ulysses S. Grant received a surrender from Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Later on April 14, 1865, Lincoln has a final meeting with his cabinet and prepares to go to a play with his wife Mary Todd Lincoln. The movie ends when Lincoln's son receives the news that his father died after being shot at Ford's Theater. As the movie ends it shows flashbacks of Lincoln's second inaugural address. Release. As of November 22, 2012, the movie has made $32,291,000 from 1,775 theaters. The movie opened at 11 theaters with $944,308 and an average of $85,846 per theater. It opened at the #15 rank, becoming the highest opening of a movie with such a limited release. Awards. The movie was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including: Best Musical Score for John Williams, Best Supporting Actor Tommy Lee Jones, Best Supporting Actress for Sally Field, Best Screenplay
Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800 – March 2, 1878) was a U.S. lawyer and United States Senator. In the Senate, he was associated with the Radical Republicans of that time. Wade was only one vote away from becoming the President of the United States due to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Wade was born on October 27, 1800 in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was raised in Jefferson, Ohio. Wade was married to Caroline M. Rosekrans from 1841 until his death in 1878. They had two children. Wade died on March 2, 1878 in Jefferson, Ohio from natural causes, aged 77.
is a Japanese politician. He was the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan from 5 April 2000 until 26 April 2001. Mori has been described as having "the heart of a flea and the brain of a shark,". He was not a well liked prime minister. Mori is mainly remembered today for his many gaffes. He is currently President of the Japan Rugby Football Union as well as the Japan-Korea Parliamentarians' Union. In 2014, he was appointed to be in charge of the organizing committee for the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. He resigned in February 2021 after he made some sexist comments at a committee meeting.
Harry Tjutjuna is an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. He belongs to the Pitjantjatjara people. Tjutjuna began painting in 2005. He held his first solo exhibition in 2007, in Darwin. His work is now held in several major public galleries in Australia, including the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the National Gallery of Victoria, and the National Gallery of Australia. His painting ' (Bilby Dreaming Story) was a finalist for the Togard Contemporary Art Award in 2009. In 2010 and 2011, another of Tjutjuna's paintings, ', was chosen as a finalist in both the Western Australian Indigenous Art Awards, and the National Aboriginal &amp; Torres Strait Islander Art Award (NATSIAA). Life. Tjutjuna was born around 1930. He was born in the bushland close to what is now the community of Pipalyatjara in the north-west corner of South Australia. Sources disagree on where exactly he was born. Some say he was born at Walytjatjara, a place to the north-east of Pipalyatjara, just over the border in the Northern Territory. Others say that he was born at Mount Davies, a hill that overlooks Pipalyatjara. When Tjutjuna was still young, his family settled at Ernabella. He went to school on the mission there and later worked as a labourer for the community. He later moved back west to live in the communities of Irrunytju and Pipalyatjara after they were established. He moved there with his wives and children to be closer to his homeland. In his later life, Tjutjuna became known as an important traditional healer (') and law man (') for the Pitjantjatjara. Tjutjuna began painting in late 2005, when he was aged in his mid-seventies. He was living again at Ernabella, and began to paint for the community's art company Ernabella Arts. His work at Ernabella depicted "Tjuk