ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". The word is sometimes abbreviated as "con". After a conviction, convicts often become prisoners in a prison. People convicted and sentenced but not sent to prison are not usually called "convicts". An ex-convict (or short: ex-con) is a person who has been let out of prison. In past centuries many convicts were send to penal colonies. Many British convicts were sent to the Thirteen Colonies as cheap workers, but that stopped after the War of Independence. After this, convicts were transported to Australia in 1788, the very start of European settlement. They were used as cheap workers. Transportation was stopped in 1868. British convicts were also sent to Canada and India.  France also sent convicts to French Guiana and New Caledonia, and Russia sent them to Siberia.
Corpora cavernosa are regions of biological tissue that are erectile (become hardened when they fill with blood). They are found in both men and women. Men. The corpus cavernosum penis is found in the penis. It is found in pairs which contain most of the blood in the male penis during erection. The two corpus cavernosa, along with the corpus spongiosum are the areas of tissue along the length of the penis. Women. The corpus cavernosum clits is similar to the male corpus cavernosum. The body of the clitoris contains biological tissue that helps to create an erection. As in men, this tissue comes in a pair of corpora cavernosa. However, the female has no corpus spongiosum. Instead, there are two vestibular bulbs beneath the skin at the entrance to the vagina.
A hamming code is an error-correcting block code. The code is named after Richard Hamming who developed it in the 1950s. At the time, Hamming worked with machines that had relays and used punched cards to read the data. Because they were heavily used, the punched cards often had errors, which needed to be corrected by employees. Hamming codes are used for digital signal processing and telecommunications. Hamming codes are generated according to certain rules. Hamming codes use multiple parity bits. A parity bit tells whether a group of bits is even or odd. In a hamming code, each bit of data is covered by several parity bits. This allows to detect errors, and in certain cases, to correct them as well. A hamming code uses redundancy. If there are three parity bits per code word, the code word must have a length of 7 (formula_1, for k as the number of parity bits). This leaves 4 bits of user data per code word, in the example. Usually, this is written as (N,n), where the first number is the total length of a code word, and the second is the number of bits for user data. The example above is (7,4).  The shortest possible Hamming code is (3,1), 2 parity bits are used for one data bit. This code has two valid values "000" and "111" - The codes "001", "010" and "100" are transmission errors, and will be assigned to the valid code word "000". The other possibilities "011", "101" and "110" will be changed to "111".
The Benelux is an economic union in Western Europe. It includes three neighboring monarchies, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. They are in the north western European region between France and Germany. The name is formed from the beginning of each country's name. The Benelux region has a total population of about 27,562,220 and an area of about 74,640 km² (28,819 sq mi). History. On 25 july 1921, the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union was established, a treaty which is still upheld. Following World War II, the harsh economic climate in Europe led to a further desire for economic cooporation between Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands. The Benelux Customs Convention was signed in London on 5 September 1944, by the three governments-in-exile in London. The treaty officially entered into force in 1948. On 1 November 1960, the customs union was superseded by the "Benelux Economic Union" treaty"," signed in The Hague on 3 February 1958. The treaty contributed to the founding of the European Union (EU), serving as a proving ground for succesful economic cooperation within Europe. Politics. A Benelux Parliament (originally referred to as "Interparliamentary Consultative Council") was created in 1955. This parliamentary assembly is composed of 21 members of the Dutch parliament, 21 members of the Belgian national and regional parliaments, and 7 members of the Luxembourgish parliament. The treaty establishing the Benelux Economic Union ("Benelux Economische Unie/Union Économique Benelux") was signed 3 February 1958 and came into force in 1960 to promote the free movement of workers, capital, services, and goods in the region. Its secretariat-general is located in Brussels.  Law. In 1965, the treaty establishing a Benelux Court of Justice was signed. It entered into force in 1975. The Court, composed of judges from the highest courts of the three States, has to guarantee the uniform interpretation of common legal rules. This international judicial institution is in Brussels. The Benelux
The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of two sponge-like tissue found in the body of the clitoris. It is similar to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male. Female sponge tissue  Each corpus is connected to the blood vessels of the pubic bone and hip bone by the clitoris. Corpus spongsium. New jankari
The ZFS is a computer file system. FS stands for "file system". The letter Z was chosen, because it is the "last" letter in the English alphabet. This is supposed to mean ZFS was the last, “ultimate” file system ever made. Development. Originally ZFS has been developed by Sun Microsystems for Solaris. Later, ZFS has been ported to other versions of Unix, including Linux and FreeBSD. Design. Traditional file systems focus on managing data and ensuring integrity. Additional features like RAID had to be added externally, outside of the file system’s realm. This potentially led to difficulties and increased complexity of systems. The ZFS takes a different approach. It integrates many useful features into its ecosystem. This ensures all subsystems work together without problems and increases performance. Some features include Furthermore, during development of ZFS there was a continuing trend to disks having larger capacities. In designing of ZFS it was taken account of that fact. The ZFS can handle (in comparison to traditional file systems) very large files, a large number of files, large number of disks, disks having large capacities, and so on. Application. FreeBSD and Solaris use ZFS as the standard main file system. Ubuntu’s kernel includes ZFS, but it is not the default choice.
Ariel Winter (born January 28, 1998) is an American actress. And she sings also the Theme song of: "Sofia the First". Career. Winter started her acting career in 2005, at the age of 7. Four years later she began acting in the television show "Modern Family". She co-starred in the show until its final season in 2020. She also sings the Theme song of: "Sofia the First".
Killswitch Engage is an American metalcore band from Massachusetts. The band is signed to Roadrunner Records and has released eight studio albums and one live DVD. Currently, the band is in the studio with producer Brendan O'Brein working on their 5th studio album, Killswitch Engage. Their current line-up consists of Jessie Leach, Adam Dutkiewicz, Mike D'antonio, Joel Stroetzel, and Justin Foley. On stage, they are known for their humorous antics while performing. In December 2013 Killswitch Engage were nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 2014 Grammy Awards for their song "In Due Time". Musical Style. Killswitch engage have been described as metalcore, and melodic metalcore. Band members. Timeline
"Rape Me" is a song by the American grunge band, Nirvana. It was the second single from their last album, "In Utero". But there was much controversy about the song, so the single was a double-A-side single. The other song was "All Apologies." Controversy. There was much controversy about the title of the song. Although many people were shocked about it, Kurt Cobain, the writer of the song, said that the song is about a man who rapes a woman. He is sent to prison for it, and he is raped there. There was a music video that was planned to be made. It was going to be set in a women's prison. However, Nirvana needed a break from the controversy and did not make it.
Palm, Inc. is an American computer company. It makes small handheld computers. Most of their computers have a handwriting recognition function called "Graffiti". This is a part of the screen that can understand what is written on it. Palm computers can store contacts, addresses, notes, and many other things. Another feature, called "Hotsync", allows the user to have their personnal computer and Palm connect to each other and be updated.  On April 28, 2010, Hewlett-Packard announced that it had agreed to buy Palm for $1.4 billion. Name changes. Palm, Inc. has had its name changed several times. When they started out, they were called Palm Computing Inc. Later, in 2000, they changed their name to Palm, Inc. In 2004, Palm changed their name to PalmOne, but later in 2005 they switched back to Palm, Inc.
Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule; September 23, 1920 – April 6, 2014) was an American actor and producer. In his career, he won many awards, such as an Oscar, a Golden Globe and an Emmy Award. Best known for his work as the Andy Hardy character, Rooney had one of the longest movie careers of any actor. Rooney married eight times and had nine children. He separated from his eighth wife in 2012. Rooney died after a long illness on April 6, 2014 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 93 years old.
is a platform video game made by Nintendo for the Game Boy handheld game console. It stars Mario who has to save his girlfriend Pauline from Donkey Kong, just like in the original "Donkey Kong" game for the arcades. The gameplay in the first 4 levels is the same as the first "Donkey Kong" game, but then it becomes more like the "Mario vs. Donkey Kong" game in the next levels.
A syllogism is a deduction. It is a kind of logical argument in which one proposition (the "conclusion") is inferred from two or more others (the premises). The idea is an invention of Aristotle. In the "Prior Analytics", Aristotle defines the syllogism as "a discourse in which, certain things having been supposed, something different from the things supposed results of necessity because these things are so". (24b18–20) Each proposition must have some form of the verb 'to be' in it. A categorical syllogism is like a little machine built of three parts: the major premise, the minor premise and the conclusion. Each of these parts is a proposition and, from the first two, the "truth value" of the third part is decided. Major premise: All men are mortal. Minor premise: All Greeks are men. Conclusion: All Greeks are mortal. Examples. Each of the three distinct terms represents a category. In the above example, "men," "mortal," and "Greeks." "Mortal" is the major term; "Greeks", the minor term. The premises also have one term in common with each other, which is known as the "middle term"; in this example, "man." Both of the premises are universal, as is the conclusion. Major premise: All mortals die. Minor premise: Some men are mortals. Conclusion: Some men die. Here, the major term is "die", the minor term is "men," and the middle term is "mortals". The major premise is universal; the minor premise and the conclusion are particular. Aristotle studied different syllogisms and identified valid syllogisms as syllogisms with conclusion true if both premises are true. The examples above are valid syllogisms. A sorites is a form of argument in which a series of incomplete syllogisms is so arranged that the predicate of each premise forms the subject of the next until the subject of the first is joined with the predicate of the last in the conclusion. For example, if one argues that a given number of grains of sand does not make a heap and that an additional
Prahova () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia. The capital of Prahova County is Ploieşti. Geography. Prahova County has an area of 4,716 square kilometers. The main river in Prahova County is the Prahova River. Divisions. Prahova County has 2 municipalities, 12 towns and 90 communes.
Harghita (; ; ) is a county (judeţ) in the central part of Romania, in the eastern part of Transylvania. The capital of Harghita County is Miercurea-Ciuc. Geography. Harghita County has an area of 6,639 square kilometers.  Two of the most important rivers in Romania, the Mureş River and the Olt River, start in Harghita County. Divisions. Harghita County has 4 municipalities, 5 towns, and 58 communes.
Reprise Records is an American record label, founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra, which is owned by Warner Music Group, and operated through Warner Bros. Records. Reprise is best known for recording Neil Young since 1969. Company history. Reprise was formed in 1960 by Frank Sinatra in order to allow more artistic freedom for his own recordings. He had earlier been with Capitol Records, but was upset when Capitol issued an album, "Come Fly with Me", whose cover had a picture of him in front of an airplane with a Trans-World Airlines (TWA) logo. He believed Capitol and TWA were profiting together from his image, and left him out. Reprise's artists included Sinatra's longtime friend Dean Martin, who was a singer and comedian, with a popular television show. Sinatra's daughter, Nancy Sinatra, became a recording artist and singer, and signed with her father's label. (His advice to her, whoever she signed with, was to "Own your own masters", and she did that. Years later, her catalog was valuable, and she earned more money from her records than if she was not their owner.) Reprise also released records by Jimi Hendrix, and later Neil Young.
"Basket Case" is a song by the band, Green Day from its third album "Dookie". The song ended up being a huge hit, spending five weeks at the top of the Modern Rock Tracks chart after it was released. The song was written by frontman Billie Joe Armstrong about his struggle with anxiety; before he was diagnosed with a panic disorder, and he thought he was going crazy. Chart positions. It should be noted that, while the song was extremely popular in the United States, even reaching hit number 26 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Airplay, the lack of a commercial single stopped the song from charting on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
"When I Come Around" is a 1994 single from Green Day's album "Dookie". It was the final single from the album. It was #1 on the Modern Rock Tracks for seven weeks. Track listing. 7" Picture Disc. "Side A." "Side B."
Aquila is a constellation. The name means 'eagle' in Latin. It is one of the 88 constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union. Aquila is just a few degrees North of the celestial equator. The constellation is best seen in the summer as it is along the Milky Way. Because of this location along the line of our galaxy, many clusters and nebulae are within its borders. However, they are dim and there are not many galaxies. Aquila is normally shown as an eagle. History. Aquila was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It had been earlier mentioned by Eudoxus in the 4th century BC and Aratus in the 3rd century BC. The Greek Aquila is probably based on the Babylonian constellation of the Eagle (MUL.A.MUSHEN), which is in the same area as the Greek constellation. Novae. Two major novae have been observed in Aquila. The first one was in 389 BC and was recorded as being as bright as Venus. The other was in 1918 and is known as (Nova Aquilae 1918). It briefly shone brighter than Altair, the brightest star in Aquila. Deep-sky objects. Three interesting planetary nebulae lie in Aquila: Illustrations. In illustrations of Aquila that represent it as an eagle, a nearly straight line of three stars symbolizes part of the wings. The center and brightest of these three stars is Altair. The tips of the wings spread out to the southeast and northwest. The head of the eagle stretches off to the southwest. Mythology. In mythology, Aquila was owned by the Roman god Jupiter and did many tasks for him. In a book by Gavin White, the Babylonian Eagle carried the constellation called the Dead Man (LU.USH) in its talons. The author also draws a comparison to the Classical stories of Antinous and Ganymede. In classical Greek mythology, Aquila was identified as Αετός Δίας ("Aetos Dios"). He was the eagle that carried the thunder
Libra (, , symbol , Unicode ) is a constellation of the zodiac.  It lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east. It once represented the claws of Scorpius. Some features. The brightest stars in Libra form a rectangle: α and β Librae are the scales' balance beam, and γ and σ are the weighing pans. σ Librae was formerly known as γ Scorpii even though it is well inside the boundaries of Libra. It was not renamed as σ Librae until 1851 (by Benjamin A. Gould).
Scorpius (Latin for "scorpion", symbol , Unicode ♏) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. In western astrology it is also known as "Scorpio". It is a large constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near the center of the Milky Way. Its brightest star is the red supergiant Antares. The blue hypergiant Zeta1 Scorpii is even brighter but smaller and further away.
The constellation Sagittarius (meaning "the Archer") is a group of stars in one area of the night sky. The stars are in the shape of a centaur archer. This constellation is part of the Western zodiac. The Milky Way is at its densest near Sagittarius, as this is where the galactic center lies. Consequently, Sagittarius contains many star clusters and nebulae. One of the brightest of the star clusters is Messier 55, about 7.5° west of δ Sgr. The complex radio source Sagittarius A is here. It lies between the Scorpius constellation and Astronomers believe that one of its components, known as Sagittarius A*, is associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy, with a mass of 2.6 million solar masses.
Ursa Major is a constellation in the northern part of the sky. Its name means Great Bearin Latin. It was named that because many different groups of people around the world have thought that its stars look a lot like a bear with a long tail. It is often used as a symbol for "north". According to Greek mythology, Ursa Major was once the beautiful maiden Callisto, whom the god Zeus had an affair with. In order to protect her and their son, Arcas, from his jealous wife Hera, Zeus turned Callisto and Arcas into bears. He then picked up the bears by their short, stubby tails and threw them into the sky. It can be seen in the northern hemisphere and part of the southern hemisphere. The constellation cannot be seen from the southern areas of Patagonia, South Africa, Australia, and all of New Zealand except the Northland region. Deep-sky objects. Several bright galaxies are found in Ursa Major, including the pair Messier 81 (one of the brightest galaxies in the sky) and Messier 82 above the bear's head, and the Pinwheel galaxy (M101), a beautiful spiral galaxy northwest of the star η Ursae Majoris. Other well-known spiral galaxies are NGC 4102, NGC 4605, Messier 108 and Messier 109. The constellation has about 50 galaxies that can be seen with a small telescope. The Owl nebula, the brightest planetary nebula, can be found along the bottom of the bowl of the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper. The seven stars in the northeast corner of Ursa Major form an called the Big Dipper (or the Plough in Great Britain). This group has been recognized by almost all groups of people who live or lived in places where it can be seen in the sky and it is one of the best-known star patterns. The Big Dipper is helpful in finding the north star because an imaginary line drawn through the two stars on the right side will point directly at the north star. These two stars are called The Pointers and they are very important on navigation by stars. All of the stars in the Big Dipper except Dubhe and Alkaid are moving toward the same point in the sky through proper motion. This group of stars is known as the Ursa Major Moving Group.
Ursa Minor is a constellation in the northern sky. It is often called the Little Bear or the Little Dipper. Just like the related constellation Ursa Major, or the Big Bear or Big Dipper, it seems to have a long handle leading to a cup or ladle. The end of the handle is the North Star, called Polaris. The ancient astronomer Ptolemy included Ursa Minor in his list of 48 constellations. It is now one of the 88 modern constellations. Ursa Minor is special because it includes the north celestial pole. However, this will change after several hundred years because the Earth will change the direction of its axis. That movement is called precession. Special features. Stars. Ursa Minor is often called the Little Dipper because its seven brightest stars seem to be in the shape of a dipper (ladle or scoop). The star at the end of the dipper handle is Polaris, the North Star. Polaris is the brightest star in the constellation. It is a 'yellow-white' supergiant shining at 2.02 apparent magnitude. It belongs to an unusual class of stars called Cepheid variables. The brightness of Polaris can change. The second brightest star is β UMi (Kochab). It is a 2.08 orange giant star. The four stars in the "bowl" of the little dipper are very useful for star watchers. They are of second, third, fourth and fifth magnitude. These stars are an easy guide to knowing what magnitude stars are visible. This is helpful for people who live in cities where light can make dim stars hard to see. It is also a way of testing your eyesight. Deep sky objects. There is one dwarf galaxy in the area of the constellation. It is called Ursa Minor Dwarf. History and mythology. Drawings of Ursa Minor often show it as a baby bear with an unusually long tail. In some stories, the tail is so long because the baby bear was held by the tail and spun around the pole. Greek mythology connected Ursa Minor and Ursa Major to the story of Callisto and Arcas. However, one older version