ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Four Pests Campaign () was one of the campaigns of China, against four pests: namely rats, flies, mosquitoes and sparrows. It was part of a campaign called the Great Leap Forward, which wanted to boost Chinese economy, in the mid-20th century. The campaign started in 1958.  The extermination of sparrows is also known as Smash Sparrows Campaign () or Eliminate Sparrows Campaign (). It caused severe ecological imbalance; it was one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine.  Mao had been told that sparrows ate grain (amongst other things), which was true. But they also ate locusts. And locusts ate nothing but grain. The cause of the famine which followed was that, without sparrows, locusts multiplied hugely and ate so much grain that a great famine followed in China. In 1960. Mao Zedong ended the campaign against sparrows and redirected the fourth focus to bed bugs. Only after Mao died, in 1976, did the official Chinese press agency announce that sparrows were more useful than harmful. The government took measures to increase the sparrow population in the province of Shandong.
A Christmas elf is a diminutive elf that lives with Santa Claus at the North Pole and serves as his helper. Christmas elves are often said to wear green or red clad with large, pointy ears and pointy hats. Santa's elves are known to make the toys in Santa's workshop and take care of his reindeer, among other tasks. The Christmas elf appeared in literature as early as 1850 when Louisa May Alcott completed, but never published a book entitled "Christmas Elves". The image of the elves in the workshop was popularized by "Godey's Lady's Book", with a front cover illustration for its 1873 Christmas Issue showing Santa surrounded by toys and elves with the caption, "Here we have an idea of the preparations that are made to supply the young folks with toys at Christmas time." During this time, Godey's was immensely influential to the birth of Christmas traditions, having shown the first widely circulated picture of a modern Christmas tree on the front cover of its 1850 Christmas issue. Additional recognition was given in Austin Thompson's 1876 work "The House of Santa Claus, a Christmas Fairy Show for Sunday Schools". The elves are generally said to live for hundreds, or even thousands, of years, despite the fact that in some cases they appear eternally youthful as children.
Spotsylvania County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 140,032 people lived there. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse. History. Spotsylvania County was founded in 1721 from parts of Essex, King and Queen, and King William counties.
Carbonatite () is a type of igneous rock. It has greater than 50% carbonate minerals. Carbonatites may be confused with marble, so may need geochemical analysis to make sure. Carbonatites usually occur as small plugs, or as dikes, sills, breccias, and veins. They are almost all near or in continental rift-related tectonic settings.  It seems that there has been a steady increase in the carbonatitic igneous activity through the Earth's history, from the Archean eon to the present. Carbonates in general are typical products of life-forms.
There are many natural caves in Azerbaijan. Most of these caves are karstic caves and the rest are volcanic caves (lava tubes). These caves were also the first shelters and dwellings of Stone Age hominids and humans. Azykh Cave, one of the most famous caves of Azerbaijan, is known as the settlement of Stone Age hominids. It was determined that the cave was the settlement of the Acheulean and the Mousterian cultures. During the period of the Mousterian culture, Neanderthals lived in Azykh Cave. List of caves in Azerbaijan. The list does not include all caves. List of cave complexes in Azerbaijan. The list does not include all cave complexes (group of caves connected to each other).
Füssen is a town in Bavaria, Germany, in Ostallgäu, one kilometre from the Austrian border. The town is known for violin manufacturing and as the closest transportation hub for the Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles. As of , the town has a population of . Geography. Füssen is on the sides of the Lech River, which flows into the Forggensee. The "Forggensee" is a man-made lake which was built to prevent flooding. It is the drainage area for all the melting snow in the spring, and is drained after the middle of October. Füssen is above sea level, surrounded by mountains of the Ammergau Alps. The castles of Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau are near the town. At latitude 47°34 N it is one of the southernmost towns in Germany, at about the same latitude as Seattle, Washington, United States. Twin towns and cities. Füssen is twinned with:
In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. It is not well defined at what point on the temperature scale refrigeration ends and cryogenics begins. A gas may be cryogenic if it can be liquefied at or below .  The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology considers cryogenics as involving temperatures below . The normal boiling points of helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and normal air are below −180 °C.  The Freon refrigerants, hydrocarbons, and other common refrigerants have boiling points above −180 °C. Discovery of superconducting materials has raised interest in reliable, low cost methods of producing high temperature cryogenic refrigeration. The term "high temperature cryogenic" means temperatures from above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, , up to . Cryogenicists use the Kelvin or Rankine temperature scale, both of which measure from absolute zero, rather than more usual scales such as Celsius which measures from the freezing point of water at sea level or Fahrenheit with its zero at an arbitrary temperature.
General Grievous is a fictional character and a villain in the "Star Wars" series. He is a Kaleesh turned cyborg who served for the CIS during the Clone Wars. Portrayals. Grievous was first voiced by John DiMaggio and Richard MacGonagle in ' before Matthew Wood took over starting with '.
The New Holland frog, eastern snipping frog or wide-mouthed frog ("Ranoidea novaehollandiae") is a tree frog from Australia. It lives in Queensland on Cape York and in New South Wales. This frog does not live in forests or high in mountains. It lays eggs in pools where the water does not move quickly, about 1000 at a time.
Barbara Lagoa (born November 2, 1967) is an American attorney and jurist. She is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit since 2019.  She was the first Hispanic woman to be appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida.  Lagoa is reported to be one of President Donald Trump's possible Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court candidate to replace Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Paolo Knill (June 11, 1932 – September 13, 2020) was a Swiss scientist, artist, and therapist. Knill was a professor at Lesley University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a founder of their Expressive Arts Therapy. In 1994, Knill founded the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. He was born in Zurich. Knill died on September 13, 2020 at the age of 88.
Robert Chabbal (6 February 1927 – 14 September 2020) was a French physician and scientific researcher. He was Director General of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) from 1976 to 1979. From 1980 to 1983, Chabbal worked at NATO as Deputy Secretary General for Scientific Affairs. Chabbal died on 14 September 2020, aged 93.
Darvin Moon (October 1, 1963 – September 19, 2020) was an American logger and amateur poker player. He was the runner-up of the 2009 World Series of Poker (WSOP) US$10,000 no-limit Texas hold'em Main Event. It was his first time playing in the World Series of Poker. Moon, who taught himself how to play poker, ran a small logging company in the Maryland Panhandle before earning a 2009 World Series seat by winning a $130 satellite tournament. He was born in Oakland, Maryland. Moon died on September 19, 2020 from problems caused by surgery, aged 56.
Shehu Idris (20 February 1936 – 20 September 2020) was a Nigerian royal. He was the 18th Fulani Emir of Zazzau and the Chairman of Zazzau Emirate Council and Kaduna State Emirate Council from 1975 until his death. He became emir on 08 February 1975 following the death of Alhaji Muhammadu Aminu, the 17th Emir of Zazzau. He was born in Zaria, Nigeria. Biography. On 10 January 2015 he celebrated his 40 years coronation anniversary, and 8 February 2020, he celebrated his 45 years coronation anniversary.  Death. Idris died 20 September 2020 at the age of 84 at a military hospital in Zaria.
Fabien Roy (April 17, 1928 – October 31, 2023) is a Canadian politician. Roy was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec and the House of Commons of Canada in 1979 and left office in 1980. He was a supporter of social credit theories of monetary reform. Roy was a member and Leader of the Social Credit Party of Canada. He was born in Saint-Prosper, Quebec. Fabien Roy died in Saint-Georges, Quebec, on October 31, 2023, at the age of 95.
John Edward "Ed" Broadbent (March 21, 1936 – January 11, 2024) was a Canadian social-democratic politician, political scientist, and political activist. He was the chair of the Broadbent Institute. Broadbent was born in Oshawa, Ontario. He was leader of the New Democratic Party from 1975 to 1989.  In the 2004 federal election, he returned to Parliament for one additional term as the Member of Parliament for Ottawa Centre. Before, he represented Oshawa in the parliament between 1968 to 1990. Broadbent also was a vice-president of Socialist International from 1979 to 1989 and director of the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development from 1990 to 1996. Between 2014 until her death in 2016, he was married to historian Ellen Meiksins Wood. Until his death, he was a fellow in the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University. Broadbent died on January 11, 2024 in Ottawa, Ontario at the age of 87. His state funeral was held on January 28 in Ottawa. It was the first Canadian state funeral for a party leader who was never prime minister nor leader of the official opposition.
Ephrem M'Bom (18 July 1954 – 20 September 2020) was a Cameroonian professional footballer. He competed for the Cameroon national football team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup. He played for the national team between 1981 to 1984 making seven appearances. From 1980 to 1990, he played for Canon Yaoundé. M'Bom was born in Yaoundé, Cameroon. M'Bom died on 20 September 2020 in Douala, Cameroon at the age of 66.  1979, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1986  1978, 1983, 1986  1978, 1980  1979
Jewel Cianeh Taylor (née Howard; born January 17, 1963) is a Liberian politician. In 2018, she became the Vice President of Liberia. She served as Vice President until 2024.  She was married to convicted war criminal and former president Charles Taylor (whom she married in 1997, but later divorced in 2006) and was First Lady of Liberia during his presidency.  In 2005, Jewel Taylor was elected to the Senate of Liberia in Bong County as a member of the National Patriotic Party. She was the Chairperson of the Senate Health and Social Welfare Committee on Gender, Women and Children. In August 2020, she was infected with COVID-19 and flown to Ghana for treatment.
Harvey Hodder (1943 – 17 September 2020) was a Canadian politician. Hodder was the Progressive Conservative Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) for the riding of Waterford Valley from 1993 to 2007. From 2003 to 2007, he was the Speaker of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly. Hodder died of cancer on 17 September 2020 in Marystown, Newfoundland and Labrador at the age of 77.
Miao Chunting (May 1919 – 17 September 2020) was a Chinese politician. He was born in Shandong Province. He was twice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Committee of Guizhou from 1959 to 1967 and again from 1980 to 1993. He was a member of the Communist Party of China. Miao died on 17 September 2020 in Guizhou at the age of 101.
Rossana Rossanda (23 April 1924 – 20 September 2020) was an Italian left-wing politician, journalist, and feminist. She was born in Pula, then-Kingdom of Italy. She was a member of the Italian Communist Party and Proletarian Unity Party Between 1963 and 1968, she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. In 1969, she founded the newspaper "Il manifesto". Rossanda died on 20 September 2020 in Rome at the age of 96.
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, (born Lady Alice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott; 25 December 1901 – 29 October 2004) was the wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of King George V and Queen Mary. She was the mother of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester. She was the daughter of the 7th Duke of Buccleuch, Scotland's largest landowner. She became by marriage a princess of the United Kingdom, and a sister-in-law to Edward VIII and George VI. She was an aunt by marriage to Elizabeth II.  At the time of her death at 102, she was the oldest living member of the British Royal Family. Princess Alice died on 29 October 2004 in her sleep at Kensington Palace at age 102, 57 days before her 103rd birthday and several years after suffering a stroke.
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, (Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974) was an English royal and politician. He was the third son and fourth child of King George V and Queen Mary. He was Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947, the only member of the British royal family to hold the post. Prince Henry died on 10 June 1974 from problems caused by multiple strokes at Barnwell Manor in Northamptonshire at the age of 74.
David Somerville Cook (January 1944 – 19 September 2020) was a Northern Irish politician. He was a member of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI), which he helped found. He was elected to Belfast City Council in 1973 and left office in 1985. From 1982 to 1986, he was a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly. In 1978, he became the first non-Unionist Lord Mayor of Belfast. He ran multiple times to become a member of parliament, but never won an election. On 20 September 2020 it was announced that Cook had died after being diagnosed with COVID-19. He died on 19 September 2020 at a Craigavon hospital, aged 76.
Bianca Vanessa Andreescu (; born June 16, 2000) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She was born in Mississauga, Ontario. She has a career-high ranking of No. 4 in the world, and is the highest-ranked Canadian in the history of the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Andreescu was the champion at the US Open and the Canadian Open in 2019, beating Serena Williams to win both titles. She is the first Canadian tennis player to win a Grand Slam singles title and the first to win the Canadian Open in 50 years. She is also the first player to win a Grand Slam singles title as a teenager since Maria Sharapova in 2006.
John W. de Gruchy (born 18 March 1939) is a South African Christian theologian. He is known for his work resisting apartheid. He is a Emeritus Professor at the University of Cape Town and Extraordinary Professor at the University of Stellenbosch. He was born in Pretoria, South Africa.
Zaria is a major city in Kaduna State in northern Nigeria, as well as being a Local Government Area.  It was one of the original seven Hausa city-states. Today, it is known for housing Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University. In December 2015, Nigeria's military was reported to have killed 300 Shia Muslims and buried their bodies in a mass grave. Although the government denies the event, it has been described as a Massacre.
Erzulie (sometimes spelled Erzili or Ezili) is a family of loa in Voodoo. Overview. The Erzulie is a family of loa that are often associated with water, femininity and feminine bodies. "Erzulie Fréda", the Rada aspect of Erzulie, is the African spirit of love, beauty, jewelry, dancing, luxury, and flowers. She wears three wedding rings, one for each husband - Damballa, Agwe and Ogun. Her symbol is a heart, her colors are pink, blue, white and gold. Her favorite sacrifices include jewelry, perfume, sweet cakes and liqueurs. "Erzulie Dantor" is the main loa of the Petro family in Voodoo. She is often depicted as a fearsome black woman. Her favourite sacrifices include jewels, golden rings, rum and black pig (for her birthday). In popular culture. Erzulie, Damballa, Baron Samedi and Papa Legba, all appear in the "WildCats" original comic series. They also appear in Terry Pratchett's book "Witches Abroad" (1991). A powerful voodoo woman in novel "Witches Abroad" is named Erzulie Gogol. In the Broadway show "Once On This Island", Erzulie is one of the 4 main gods that guide and influence the main character. Erzulie is depicted in Zadie Smith's 2005 novel "On Beauty". Erzulie and other popular Loa together with the adepts of Voodoo are depicted in Andrei Gusev's 2020 novel "Our Wild Sex in Malindi".
World's Biggest Coffee Morning is the biggest fundraising event by Macmillan Cancer Support. Every year, people in the UK and other places host an event called a Coffee Morning. The money received is to be used for services provided by Macmillan Cancer Support. In 2016, World's Biggest Coffee Morning raised £29.5 million.  History. The first World's Biggest Coffee Morning happened in 1990, when a local fundraising committee held a coffee morning in which the cost of the coffee was donated to Macmillan Cancer Support. The first Coffee Morning that happened all around the UK happened in 1991, in which 2,600 supporters took part. Since then, the World's Biggest Coffee Morning has come a long way, to the point where it is the biggest and longest-happening fundraising event of its kind in the UK. In 2016, Coffee Morning raised over £29.5 million to help provide support to people in the UK who have cancer. Some Coffee Morning hosts have raised money for the event in unusual ways, such as by hosting a Coffee Morning 100 feet underground in Poldark Mine, or on a jet fighter, or by hosting the most distant Coffee Morning, which happened in Antarctica. Corporate supporters. The official partner of Coffee Morning is Marks &amp; Spencer. Since 2010, Marks &amp; Spencer has raised £10 million by creating limited edition homeware products and selling a range of baked goods, and donating some of the money they make from them to Macmillan Cancer Support.
Meron Benvenisti (, April 21, 1934 – September 20, 2020) was an Israeli political scientist and politician. He was the Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem under Teddy Kollek from 1971 to 1978. He was in charge of East Jerusalem and was Jerusalem's Chief Planning Officer. He was a critic of Israel's policies towards Palestine. Benvenisti was born in Jerusalem and also died in Jerusalem from renal failure at the age of 86.
Theodor "Teddy" Kollek (; 27 May 1911 – 2 January 2007) was a Hungarian-born Israeli Labor politician. He was the mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993. He was the founder of the Jerusalem Foundation. Kollek was re-elected five times, in 1969, 1973, 1978, 1983 and 1989. He lost his re-election in 1993 to Likud candidate and future Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Olmert. During his time as mayor, Jerusalem became a modern city, especially after its reunification in 1967. He was once called "the greatest builder of Jerusalem since Herod." Teddy Stadium is named after him. Kollek was born in Nagyvázsony, Hungary. In 1935, shortly before Nazis took power of Austria, his family moved to Jerusalem. Kollek died on 2 January 2007 in Jerusalem at the age of 95.
Many animals have spaces or compartments in their body. These spaces or compartments are called body cavity. They are there for organs, or other structures. Sometimes, there is a space between two organs. This space is known as potential body cavity. Potential body cavities usually contain fluid. In the human body, there is a large body cavity on the side of the belly, and another on the side of the back. The one on the side of the belly is called ventral body cavity, the one on the back dorsal body cavity. The membranes that surround the central nervous system organs (the brain and the spinal cord, in the cranial and spinal cavities are the three meninges. The differently lined spaces contain different types of fluid. In the meninges for example the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid; in the abdominal cavity the fluid contained in the peritoneum is a serous fluid. In amniotes and some invertebrates the peritoneum lines their largest body cavity called the coelom.
Augmented reality (often known as AR, not to be mixed with virtual reality and mixed reality.) is a computer technology that shows digital images on top of the current real world. For example it can show a digital table on top of a floor. It is different from virtual reality which makes a person feel they are somewhere else.
The 32nd season of the American animated television series The Simpsons first started showing on Fox on September 27, 2020. Episodes. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
The Northern District (, "Minṭaqat ash-Shamāl"; , "Meḥoz HaTzafon") also known as galilee district is one of the six districts of Israel. The capital is Nof HaGalil and the largest city is Nazareth. It has an area of . In 2016, 1,401,300 people lived there.
The Southern District (, "Meḥoz HaDarom"; ) is one of the six districts of Israel. It covers most of the Negev desert, as well as the Arava valley. Its capital is Beersheba and its largest city is Ashdod. It is the largest district of Israel by area.
The narrow fringed frog ("Ranoidea nudidigita") is a frog from Victoria and New South Wales. It lives on the flat lands not far from the ocean. This frog is 2.5 to 4.0 cm long. It is bright green, dark green or brown. Adult frogs can change color. It has a black and gold stripe down its side. It lives in streams and lays eggs in small pools next to the stream. Tadpoles swim in the stream and eat algae from rocks. Scientists used to think it was the same species as "Litoria phyllochroa", which is also called leaf green tree frog, but they now think it is its own species. They think so because the "Ranoidea nudidigita" has a different voice call and lives in different places than "Litoria phyllochroa".
Emperor Go-Daigo or Go-daigo Tennō (1288-1339) was the emperor of Japan from 1318 to 1339. He was the 96th emperor of Japan. When he lived, the shoguns had a lot of power in Japan. Emperor Go-Diago tried to take power from them so he could rule Japan. When Go-Daigo lived, Japan had two governments. There was one government set up by the emperors of Japan, who lived in Kyoto. There was another government run by the shoguns, the "bakufu". The law said the emperors were rulers, but the bakufu had more power than they did. Neither the emperor's government nor the shogun's government was powerful enough to rule very well. Early life. Go-Daigo was born with the name Takaharu on November 26, 1288. He was born on Mount Yoshino, near the town of Yoshino in Nara. Emperor. Go-Daigo became emperor in 1318 when he was 30 years old. This was not usual for the time. Usually, small boys were made emperor. When they became adult men, they went to religious communities for men, where they would set up a government and rule even though they stayed in the monastery. A new boy from the imperial family was put on the throne. This system, with a boy on the throne in public and a "former" emperor ruling from a monastery, was called cloistered rule or "insei". Go-Daigo wanted to rule Japan himself. The bakufu government was weak because they had not been able to reward their warriors. When the Mongols invaded, the bakufu brought an army and kept them from invading. But the usual way to reward warriors was to give them the defeated enemy's lands and treasure. Because the Mongols were invaders, they had no lands for the shoguns to give to their warriors. This made the warriors unhappy with the shoguns. Go-Daigo began to quietly raise an army to defeat the bakufu and take control of Japan, but he was found out.