ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The 2012 United States presidential election happened on November 6, 2012. Barack Obama, the incumbent president and Democratic candidate, won the election. He defeated Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate, who was the former Governor of Massachusetts. There were also elections for the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives.  By November 6, 2012, 11:30 PM ET (5:30 AM UTC), many broadcast networks said that Obama and Biden won the election. Mitt Romney of the Republican Party conceded the election to Obama around 1 AM ET on November 7. Gary Johnson of the Libertarian Party came in third. Electoral College changes. Between the 2008 and 2012 elections the Electoral College changed because of the 2010 Census. As a result, several states have lost electoral votes, and several states have gained electoral votes. Here are the states that have gained or lost electoral votes: Gained votes Lost votes Conventions. The Republicans held their national convention from August 27 to August 30, 2012 at the St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa, Florida. The Democrats held their convention from September 3 to September 6, 2012 at the Time Warner Cable Arena in Charlotte, North Carolina. Major candidates. Democrats. Barack Obama declared that he was running for re-election in 2012 on April 4, 2011. He had challengers in 7 states, but still managed to win all 57 democratic primaries and therefore the democratic nomination. Republicans. Withdrawn. In the middle of 2011, there were many Republicans running: Minnesota congresswoman Michelle Bachmann, Businessman Herman Cain, Speaker of the House of Representatives (in the 1990s) Newt Gingrich, Texas Congressman Ron Paul, Ambassador to China and Governor of Utah Jon Huntsman, Texas Governor Rick Perry, Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum, Former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson, Buddy Roemer, Thaddeus McCotter, and Former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty. Scott Brown, Sarah Palin, Chris Christie, Donald Trump, Mike Huckabee, and Rudy Giuliani were considered possible candidates. All of them said
The Kippax was one of the most well known stands at Manchester City's Maine Road Ground. Originally the Popular Stand, its name was changed in 1957. The Kippax was unusual in that unlike in most other grounds, this area of support occupied a full side rather than an end of the ground. In 1994, due to the Taylor Report, the new redeveloped, all seater stand was opened by City legend Bert Trautmann. It housed 10,000 fans and had three levels. At the time it was the highest stand in the country. The club left the Maine Road ground in 2003 and moved to the new City of Manchester Stadium.. This of course bought the end for one of the City's most loved stands, The Kippax. Unofficially, the East stand in the new stadium is also named Kippax.
The 2005 UEFA Women's Championship, also called WOMEN'S EURO 2005 (trademark of UEFA), was a football tournament for women held from 5 June to 19 June 2005 in Lancashire, England. The UEFA Women's Championship is a regular tournament involving European national teams from countries that are part of UEFA, the European governing body, who have qualified for the competition. The competition tries to determine which national women's team is the best in Europe. Germany won the competition for the fourth consecutive tournament. It was the sixth time overall (including one win in the predecessor tournament, the "European Competition for Representative Women's Teams") that they won. Their championship win was the last for coach Tina Theune-Meyer, who months earlier had announced that she would retire at the end of the tournament. In her nine years in charge of Germany, they won three European titles, two bronze medals in the Olympics, and the 2003 World Cup. Teams and structure. Eight national teams participated–seven which qualified from earlier stages, plus England, which received an automatic berth as the host nation. They were split into two groups of 4: Group A and Group B. Each team in a group played each other once, with the top two teams in each group moving into the semi-finals. The winner faced the runner-up of the other group in a play-off, with the winner of each semi-final advancing to the final to determine the champion. "See main article: 2005 UEFA Women's Championship qualification" Qualification. A qualifying round ran from 22 March to 3 October 2004 . The teams which were entered played in a group stage, with the winners advancing to the final, and the runners-up being given the chance of qualification through a play-off. England, as the host nation, qualified automatically for the tournament. The following teams were eliminated at this stage : Three teams were also eliminated in play-offs for the tournament: More information on the qualification format at UEFA.com Squads. For a list of all squads that played in the final tournament, see 2005 UEFA Women's Championship squads Results. First Round. Top two placed teams advanced to the semifinals Group A.
Laurent Robert (born 21 May 1975) is a French football player. He has played for France national team. Honours. France
Nicolae Mitea (born 24 March 1985) is a Romanian football player. He has played for Romania national team. Club career statistics. 21||0 53||11 74||11 International career statistics. !Total||8||2
Yasumichi Uchima (born 10 September 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gainare Tottori. Club career statistics. 46||1||5||1||51||2 46||1||5||1||51||2
Rodrigo Fabri (born 15 January 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. Club career statistics. 222||63 45||8 23||3 290||74 International career statistics. !Total||3||1
Public health is the science dealing with prevention when there is a disease that is a threat to the overall health of a community, as well as prolonging life and promoting health. The aims are achieved through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, public and private organizations, communities and individuals.  It bases on health analysis of a handful of people or all the inhabitants of several continents rather than on an individual. Public health includes such parts as epidemiology, biostatistics, health services, environmental, social, behavioral, and occupational health.  Public health intervention prevents rather than treats a disease through surveillance of cases and promotes healthy behaviors such as hand washing, vaccination programs and distribution of condoms. In outbreaks of an infectious disease, treating a disease may be vital to preventing it in others.  Most countries have their own government public health agencies, sometimes known as ministries of health, to respond to domestic health issues. Many diseases are preventable through simple, non-medical methods. Public health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in the developing world and in developed countries, through local health systems and through international non-governmental organizations. In the developing world, there may not be enough trained health workers or monetary resources to provide a basic level of medical care and disease prevention.  History of public health. Public health has roots in antiquity. From the beginning, human civilization recognized that polluted water and lack of proper waste disposal spread communicable diseases. Early religions attempted to regulate behavior related to health, from types of food eaten, to behaviors, such as drinking alcohol or sexual relationships. Governments placed responsibility on leaders to develop public health policies and programs in order to gain some understanding of the causes of disease, ensure social stability prosperity, and maintain order.  The Chinese developed the practice of variolation following a smallpox epidemic around 1000 BC. The practice of vaccination did not become prevalent until the 1820s. During the 14th century Black Death in Europe, burning parts of cities resulted in benefit, since it destroyed the rodent infestations. The development of quarantine in the medieval period restricted effects of other infectious diseases.  Later people started building sewers and irrigation, the regular collection of garbage, inciner
Tsubasa Watabe (born 13 December 1986) is a Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 20||0||3||0||23||0 20||0||3||0||23||0
Marcos Assunção (born 25 July 1976) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. Club career statistics. 54||8 55||9 135||24 12||1 256||42 International career statistics. !Total||11||1 Honours. Santos Roma Betis Al-Ahli Palmeiras Figueirense
James Henry McFadden (born 14 April 1983) is a Scottish football coach and former professional player who played as a forward. "Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each McFadden goal." Honours. Birmingham City Scotland Individual
Richard Wright (born 5 November 1977) is an English football player. He has played for England national team. Club career statistics. 377||0||24||0||41||0||4||0||446||0 377||0||24||0||41||0||4||0||446||0 International career statistics. !Total||2||0
Lawrence Akandu (born 10 December 1974) is a former Hong Kong football player. He has played for Hong Kong national team. Career statistics. Club. "As of 14 November 2009" International. "As of 15 January 2007"
Marco Cassetti (born 29 May 1977) is an Italian football player. He plays for Roma. Club career statistics. 322||27||26||0||17||1||365||28 322||27||26||0||17||1||365||28 International career statistics. !Total||5||0
Wilfred Bouma (born 15 June 1978) is a Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team. Club career statistics. 254||36||||||||||52||3||306||39 83||3||3||0||2||0||2||0||90||3 337||39||3||0||2||0||54||3||396||42 International career statistics. !Total||35||2
Sho Miyasaka (born 6 June 1988) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
Seiji Sonoda (born 30 November 1988) is a Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 11||2||2||0||13||2 11||2||2||0||13||2
Thomas Myhre (born 16 October 1973) is a Norwegian football manager and former player. He played for the Norway national team. Career statistics. Domestic. 143||0 153||0 3||0 14||0 13||0 326||0
Tom Finney (5 April 1922 – 14 February 2014) was an English footballer. He played for England national team. "Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Finney goal." Honours. Preston North End England Individual Civil Honours
Nat Lofthouse (27 August 1925 – 15 January 2011) was an English footballer. He played for the England national team. He was born in Bolton, and died there on 15 January 2011 at 85 years old. Club career statistics. 452||253 452||253 International career statistics. !Total||33||30
Antonio Félix "Tota" Carbajal Rodríguez (; 7 June 1929 – 9 May 2023) is a Mexican retired football player. He has played for Mexico national team. Club career statistics. 409||0 409||0 International career statistics. !Total||47||0
Daniel Van Buyten (; born 7 February 1978) is a Belgian former footballer who played as a centre back. "Scores and results list Belgium's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Van Buyten goal." Honours. Club. Hamburger SV Bayern Munich
Epidemiology is the study of the health and illness of populations. The three levels of causation of health problems include individual behavioral level, individual biological level, and political-economic ecological level.  Aims. Epidemiologists aim to understand the causes of health problems by looking at the relationship between agents, hosts, and environmental factors that affect health. Using these information, they also design public health interventions to solve various health problems in populations. They regularly evaluate the health of populations, try to identify which populations have greater risk from specific causes of diseases, and evaluate the intervention programs or methods that they create. Epidemiology is the foundation of public health and preventative medicine practices. Descriptive/analytic epidemiology. There are two types of epidemiology: descriptive and analytic. Descriptive epidemiology aims to describe the distribution of people who gets sick (compared with those who don't) with regards to time, place, and person (TPP). It can be thought of as answering the questions of when, who, and what respectively. It investigates when a health issue or disease first emerged in a population, who in the population are getting sick, and where the disease/health condition seems to have started and spread from. Analytic epidemiology then uses the data provided by TPP to make and test hypothesis which aim to determine the cause of an outbreak or disease cluster in a population. Epidemiologists evaluate morbidity (people who are sick or injured) and mortality to understand the burden of disease among populations. Surveillance studies. Surveillance studies provide the numerical data and statistics that epidemiologists use. Surveillance studies are done to monitor the health of populations and help with identifying any new health problems or disease that may develop, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of existing health intervention measures in place. These studies also rely on TPP to collect data and present it in simple graphs and tables which are easy to summarize and understand. These studies are especially important in helping guide policy making decisions and helping epidemiologists understand which interventions work and which don't. It is also important for donors as they rely on surveillance data to analyze the usefulness of their investments and whether it is being used effectively or not. Definition and origin of term. Epidemiology means "the study of what is
Masakatsu Sawa (born 12 January 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kashiwa Reysol. Club statistics. "Updated to 22 February 2018".
Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) is a Philippine free-to-air television and radio network based in Quezon City. It is a state broadcaster owned by the Government Communications Group under the Presidential Communications Office (PCO). IBC is also commonly referred to as "The Kaibigan Network", the Filipino term for "friend", which was introduced in 2019. IBC, along with government-owned media companies People's Television Network and the Philippine Broadcasting Service-Bureau of Broadcast Services, form the media arm of the PCO and it is designated as a secondary state broadcaster that primarily broadcasts education, culture, arts and sports programming. Its studios, offices and broadcast facilities are located at the IBC Compound, Lot 3-B, Capitol Hills Drive cor. Zuzuarregui Street, Barangay Matandang Balara, Diliman, Quezon City.
Kentaro Kawasaki (born 18 December 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama. Club career statistics. 98||2||12||3||0||0||110||5 98||2||12||3||0||0||110||5
A pooper-scooper, or poo scoop, is a device or a ‘poo bag’ used by pet owners to pick up an animal's fecal matter from public places and yards. Such devices often have a bag or bag attachment. The ‘poop bag’ is usually turned inside out, to carry the feces to a proper disposal area. The person performing the cleanup might also be called a pooper-scooper. Legislation. Many places have laws telling pet owners to clean up after their pets after the pet has pooped on a sidewalk or any public place, on a floor, wall, stairway or roof of any public or private premises used in common by the public, or on a fence, wall or stairway of a building abutting on a public. There can be fines for failing to do this. Health concerns. Pet droppings contaminate the environment with bacteria, parasites and stench. The droppings are one of the leading sources of "E. coli" (fecal coliforms) bacterial pollution: one gram of dog feces contains over 20,000,000 "E. coli" cells. Coliform bacteria and "E. coli" are commonly-used field indicators of fecal contamination by animals (including human). Pet droppings contain eggs of Toxocara canis and Neospora caninum parasitic worms. In adult dogs infection with T.canis is usually asymptomatic but can be fatal in puppies. T. canis can cause parasitic worm infection and rarely blindness in humans. N.caninum causes severe losses in livestock breeding. While an individual animal's deposit of feces will not measurably affect the environment, the cumulative effect of thousands of dogs and cats in a metropolitan area creates serious problems due to contamination of soil and water supplies. The runoff from neglected pet waste contaminates water, creates health hazards for people, fish, and animals. The situation is particularly dire in Germany, where an estimated 1400 tonnes of feces are deposited daily on public property. A citizen commission (2005) overwhelmingly recommended a plan. DNA samples would be required when pet licenses come up for renewal. Within a year,
is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as a Association football player. Club career statistics. 135||10||4||0||3||0||142||10 135||10||4||0||3||0||142||10
is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Nishi was born in Sapporo on August 28, 1987. He joined J2 League club Consadole Sapporo from their youth team in 2006. Although he could hardly play in the match until 2007, Consadole won the champions in 2007 and was promoted to J1 League. In 2008, he became a regular player as right midfielder. However Consadole was finished at the bottom place and was relegated to J2 in a year. In 2009, he was converted to right side back by manager Nobuhiro Ishizaki. In 2010, he moved to J1 club Albirex Niigata and played as side back in 1 season. In 2011, he moved to Kashima Antlers as Atsuto Uchida successor. He played as side back for the club in 8 seasons. In 2016, Antlers won the champions in J1 League and qualified for 2016 Club World Cup as host country champions. At Club World Cup, he played all 4 matches and won the 2nd place. In 2018, Antlers won the champions in the 2018 AFC Champions League. In 2019, he moved to Vissel Kobe. In 2019, Vissel won the champions in the Emperor's Cup which is first major title in the club history. In 2021, he moved to Urawa Reds. On June 1, 2011, Nishi debuted for the Japan national team against Peru. On March 23, 2019, he played in the match for the first time in 8 years against Bolivia. Statistics. 378||23||26||2||52||1||27||3||483||29 378||23||26||2||52||1||27||3||483||29 !Total||2||0
The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of eukaryotes with more than 100,000 known species, most of them diatoms. Heterokonts are mostly algae. In one stage of their life cycle they have two unequal flagella. They include both single-celled types and brown algae (seaweeds such as kelp and "Sargassum"). They are members of the Kingdom Chromalveolata.
Metastability has slightly different meanings in different fields of knowledge. The general idea, however, is that something is metastable if it is not changing, yet given a small force ("nudge") it will transition to another, more stable state.  For example, a block is sitting on a slope (an "inclined plane"). It keeps sitting there until it is nudged, or the slope is gently struck, setting up vibrations. Then the block starts to slide. At that point it keeps sliding until it reaches the bottom. The block sitting at the bottom is stable. The block sitting on the slope but not moving is metastable. And the block as it is moving is unstable.  A real life example of this is an avalanche of snow. The avalanche is unstable (the snow is sliding down the mountainside). When the avalanche is over the snow is stable. Before the avalanche starts, the snow is metastable, since some small perturbation is enough to cause it to lose what might have seemed to be stability, but in fact was only metastability.
The Cryptomonads (or Cryptophyta) are a phylum of algae, most of which have chloroplasts.  They are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10-50 μm in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal flagella. Some may exhibit mixotrophy, using mixed sources of energy.
The England women's national football team, nicknamed The Lionesses are the national senior team for the England set up in international football. They are the current Europen Champions and the winners of the UEFA - CONMEBOL 2023 Finalissima. The team has qualified for six World Cups: 1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023. The team has done well. In the 32 games played so far, they've won 26, drawn 5 and lost 1. The team has scored 138 goals and give up only 12. England are currently ranked Number 4 in the world. Honours. Current squad. The following 23 players were named to the squad for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup in July 2023.  "Caps and goals are correct as of match played 1 July 2023 against ."
The Planck constant (Planck's constant) says how much the energy of a photon increases when the frequency of its electromagnetic wave increases by 1 (In SI Units). It is named after the physicist Max Planck. The Planck constant is a fundamental physical constant. It is written as h. The Planck constant has dimensions of physical action: energy multiplied by time, or momentum multiplied by distance. In SI units, the Planck constant is expressed in joule seconds (J⋅s) or (N⋅m⋅s) or (kg⋅m2⋅s−1). The symbols are defined here. In SI Units the Planck constant is exactly J·s (by definition). Scientists have used this quantity to calculate measurements like the Planck length and the Planck time. Background. Between 1670 and 1900 scientists discussed the nature of light. Some scientists believed that light consisted of many millions of tiny particles. Other scientists believed that light was a wave. Light: waves or particles? In 1678, Christiaan Huygens wrote the book "Traité de la lumiere" ("Treatise on light"). He believed that light was made up of waves. He said that light could not be made up of particles because light from two beams do not bounce off each other. In 1672, Isaac Newton wrote the book "Opticks". He believed that light was made up of red, yellow and blue particles which he called corpusles. Newton explained this by his "two prism experiment". The first prism broke light up into different colours. The second prism merged these colours back into white light. During the 18th century, Newton's theory was given the most attention. In 1803, Thomas Young described the "double-slit experiment". In this experiment, light going through two narrow slits interferes with itself. This causes a pattern which shows that light is made up of waves. For the rest of the nineteenth century, the wave theory of light was given the most attention. In the 1860s, James Clerk Maxwell developed equations that described electromagnetic radiation as waves. The theory of electromagnetic radiation treats