ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Shen Kuo (or Shen Gua ; 1031–1095) was a Chinese scientist and politician. He lived during the Song Dynasty. He was a polymath, being good at many fields of study. Many of his most important works came from his use of astronomy. In 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation. He was also one of the first to suggest that the Earth goes through gradual climate change. His hobbies consisted of music, painting, calligraphy, and philosophy.
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Sahili (1290–1346) was an architect during the Mali Empire. He lived under the rule of Mansa Musa. He was born in Granada in 1290. At the time this was part of Muslim Spain. Al-Sahili studied law and the arts. He was known as a gifted poet. His family were rich merchants (traders). He left Granada in 1321 and began to travel through the Middle East, to Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Yemen. In 1346, he met the ruler of Mali, Mansa Musa, who loved his poetry and invited him to return. Al-Sahili built for Mansa Musa an audience chamber (or Djingereyber; Great Mosque) in 1327. The mosque was described as a square building with a dome. The outside was decorated with plaster and patterns in colors. It was built with banco: soil mixed with wood, mixed with dried grass, and other fibers allowed to dry in the sun. It was built with the same architectural style as the Alhambra in Granada. Mansa Musa then wanted him to make a house for him, but the building was destroyed over time. He started a new trend of rounded arches in Timbuktu. Al-Sahili died there in 1346.
Mansa Sakura (also spelled Sakoura) was the sixth emperor ("mansa") of the Mali Empire. He was born a slave, but was later freed. Soon after he was freed he became a general in the army of Sundiata Keita. When Sundiata Keita died, there was a struggle between his sons over who would become the emperor. Around 1285, Sakura took control of the throne. He became the ruler of Mali and brought the empire back together.  Mansa Sakura became a powerful leader. He was known for exploring other lands and using the ideas he saw in his own kingdom. He also encouraged trade. Under Sakura's leadership, the Mali Empire made several new conquests. It expanded along the Gambia River to the sea. It became a dominant force in West Africa. Sakura performed the Hajj shortly before his death. On his way home, he was attacked near Djibouti by warriors who wanted his gold. He was killed in the attack, which happened around the year 1300. After Sakura died, the throne was returned to the royal heirs of the Keita dynasty. The next emperor was Sundiata's nephew, Gao.
Sonni Ali (also known as Sunni Ali Ber or Sunni Ali) was the first king of the Songhai Empire in western Africa. He ruled from about 1464 to 1492. He was the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. During Sonni's reign, Songhai surpassed the Mali Empire in power. His armies captured several important cities, such as Timbuktu (in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475). His battle strategies greatly expanded the empire's territory. Before Sonni took Timbuktu in 1468, the city was controlled by Tuareg raiders. He then conquered the Tuareg and took them under his rule, which brought the great Saharan trade routes to his kingdom. After conquering Timbuktu, he and his army went south to conquer the port of Djenné, on the Niger River. The city surrendered after a long-fought siege. Sonni defined himself as Muslim, but was careful to not separate himself from the traditional animist beliefs. He executed many of the clerics from Timbuktu. He ran a very organized and powerful military. His army included both soldiers on horseback, as well as soldiers who fought on foot. He also built a fleet of ships to control the ports along the Niger River. In 1480, Sunni Ali attacked the Mossi Kingdoms south of the Niger River. Unfortunately, he did not conquer the Mossi, but he was able to stop the spread of their empire. He also fought a successful war against several of the Fulani states. On his return home from this war, Sonni drowned in a river, in 1493
Soumaoro Kanté (also written Sumanguru Kanté) was a king of the Sosso people during the 13th century. The Sosso formed their kingdom in the 1180s, after the collapse of the Ghana Empire. In the "Epic of Sundiata", Soumaoro is portrayed as a villain. He is said to have been a supernatural warrior with eight heads rising above his own. Many of his military victories were associated with his supernatural powers. In 1203, Soumaoro captured Koumbi, the old capital of Ghana. He conquered several neighbouring peoples, including nine other kingdoms in the early 1200s. Among these were the Mandinka in what is now Mali. Soumaoro killed all of the Mandinka king's sons except one. This son, Sundiata Keita, was a cripple, and Soumaoro did not believe him to be a threat. A short time later, however, Sundiata built an alliance of smaller kingdoms to oppose Soumaoro. Legends describe Sundiata as having supernatural powers as well. In 1230, Sundiata founded the Mali Empire. He defeated Soumaoro at the Battle of Kirina in 1235. Sourmaoro ruled as a tyrant. His empire lasted a little more that 30 years. He was unable to maintain stability. He also made his people pay heavy taxes. He made them give him large amounts of gold, food, and livestock. On top of that he demanded that his subjects turn over the most beautiful women for his pleasure and the strongest boys to be his slaves. He killed anyone suspected of becoming a potential threat to his rule. Although he was successful on the battlefield, Sumanguru an arrogant, brutal and intolerant ruler. He failed at winning the faith and loyalty of the people he had hoped to unify under his rule.
Sundiata Keita ( 1210 – c. 1260) was the founder of the Mali Empire. He ruled as emperor ("mansa") from 1235 to 1260. He is celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people of West Africa in the "Epic of Sundiata". Sundiata changed his father's small kingdom into the core of the Mali Empire. It grew to be one of largest and richest empires of Africa. Sundiata Keita was born in about 1210. His father was Naré Maghann Konaté, a king of the Mandinka. Keita was disabled from birth. His legend follows the theme of a culture hero overcoming extreme hardships to achieve greatness. According to the legend, Keita and his mother went into voluntary exile to avoid the risk of being killed by his jealous half-brother, Kankaran Tuman, who had become king in 1218. While Keita and his mother were in exile, the Mandinka were conquered by the Sosso Empire. Later, Keita was recalled by his fellow people to free them from this foreign oppression. In the early 1200s, the independence of the Mandinka was threatened by the Sosso. Sosso was one of the many kingdoms that succeeded the Ghana Empire. Keita, who had already become a king, gathered his people and fought a battle with the Sosso army. In 1235, Keita and his army destroyed the army of Soumaoro Kanté, the ruler of the Sosso. This battle is called the Battle of Kirina, located in present-day Mali. Further military advancements led to the expansion of the Mali Empire. The empire thrived, because it controlled many of the major gold fields and was an important center of trans-Saharan trade. Keita also successfully combined Islamic and traditional African beliefs to create a functional kingdom. Today, some of the Mandinka people of West Africa still regard Sundiata as a hero. Little is known about the later life of Keita, but it is known that Keita ruled for about 25 years before his death. It is said that Keita was killed in an accident in his capital city.
Zhang Heng (also written Chang Heng, ; AD 78–139) was a Chinese scientist who worked in many subjects. He lived during the Han dynasty. He was an accomplished engineer, meteorologist, geologist, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and writer. Zhang invented the first seismometer, a machine that measures the strength of earthquakes. He is remembered for many other inventions and writings. He invented the seismometer in 132 AD. Heng was also the first in China to apply a grid system to maps, from which positions and distances could be calculated. Some of his jobs were chief astronomer of the Imperial Chancellery for Astronomical and Calendrical Science, and chief minister under the rule of Moana. He also wrote many works ranging from poetry to books full of his scientific research. One was his book of astronomical research and it described his theories about previously unexplained things that could be seen in the night sky. Some things it theorized were that the Moon was lit by the Sun instead of making its own light. It also proposed that the Moon could be eclipsed by the shadow of the Earth.
Kabsa is a very famous dish in Saudi Arabia. It is a dish made of rice and meat, cooked either by itself or together. It can be made with spices and camel meat, lamb, chicken or fish. It is usually eaten for lunch and sometimes for dinner. Kabsa is often a dish for a group of people. The kabsa is normally served on a round metal dish placed on the floor and people eat with their right hand, although a spoon may be used in countries such as Kuwait, Bahrain and other Gulf countries.
An uninterruptible power supply (or uninterruptible power source; UPS) is an apparatus that provides electric power in an emergency when there is a problem with the normal electricity supply. It provides an almost instantaneous supply of electricity during any power failure. It is used normally to protect any sensitive hardware (computer, data center, telecommunication) in which if there is any disruption of power supply, it might easily damage that equipment. UPS batteries are lead acid batteries that use gel sulfuric acid instead of the liquid sulfuric acid car batteries use. UPS batteries are sealed and have the ability to store electricity and provide a consistent high surge DC current to a UPS system which converts it to a stabilized AC current. UPS batteries have a wide selection of dimensions and one of their main properties is that they do not leak or produce fumes. This is one of the most important reasons why they are used safely in houses, server rooms, data centers, manufacturing environments, hospitals, offices, and other poorly ventilated areas. These sealed lead-acid batteries can be found in some of the electronics stores or UPS specialized stores. Most people use a type of UPS called a full-time or full double conversion UPS, which is also the most effective. The utility power that comes into a UPS is alternating current (AC), which is also what most IT equipment needs (ITE). Choosing the correct UPS for the job is very important. Batteries, on the other hand, use direct current (DC), so all battery-type UPSes must change the incoming alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) to charge the batteries. This process is called "rectification." The UPS must still send AC power to the ITE, so a device called an inverter must turn DC power back into AC power. In a double-conversion UPS, power goes through the rectifier, and then the inverter is on its way to the ITE. The voltage and frequency of the output have nothing to do with the voltage and frequency of the input. They can even be completely different from the input, so this system is technically called "voltage and frequency independent" (VFI).
Faraday's laws of electrolysis are a set of scientific laws used in chemistry. They are used to express magnitudes of electrolytic effects. They were first described by Michael Faraday in 1834. The first law states that the mass of a substance produced by electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of the electricity that passes through the cell. The second law says: since Q, F, and z are constants, the larger the value of M/z (equivalent weight) the larger m will be. Mathematical form. Faraday's laws can be summarized by formula_1 where: "M/z" is the same as the equivalent weight of the substance altered.
The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control system for various industrial processes. It is controlled by a computer to monitor and control all of the processes that exist in an industry. It is a large-scale controlling method which can include several sites over long distance.
Nicole "Nikki" Sinclaire (born 26 July 1968) is a British politician. In June 2012, she started We Demand a Referendum (WDAR), a political party. She was a member of the United Kingdom Independence Party until 2010. She was born in Nicholas Sinclaire in London. Personal life. She is openly gay. In November 2013, Sinclaire released a book about her life, "Never Give Up". In it she said that she was born male. When she was 23 she had sex reassignment surgery. The news made Sinclaire the United Kingdom's first transgender Member of Parliament.
Enterprise Center is a sports arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The arena opened on October 8, 1994, and is the current home to the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was also home to Saint Louis University's men's basketball team from 1991 to 2008. The arena was originally known as Kiel Center from 1994 to 2000 and Savvis Center from Aug 2000 to 2006. Scottrade acquired naming rights for the arena in September 2006. The Scottrade Center has held many WWE events as well including: , Survivor Series in 1998, the special live tribute episode of WWF Raw is War that aired after the night of Owen Hart's death, No Mercy in 2001, Judgment Day in 2007, Elimination Chamber in 2010, Royal Rumble in 2012 and Extreme Rules in 2013. The arena was initially expected to be renamed as the TD Ameritrade Center by the end of 2017, once the purchase of Scottrade by TD Ameritrade closed. However, TD Ameritrade decided not to put its name on the arena. The team later reached a new deal with Enterprise Holdings, a company based in the St. Louis suburb of Clayton, Missouri that owns the Enterprise, National, and Alamo car rental companies. The deal was announced on May 21, 2018, with the name officially changing to Enterprise Center on July 1 of that year.
Capital One Arena is a sports arena in Washington D.C. The arena opened on December 2, 1997, and is the current home to the Washington Capitals on the National Hockey League (NHL), Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Washington Valor of the Arena Football League, and the Georgetown University men's basketball team. The arena was also home to the Washington Power of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) from 2001 to 2002. The arena was originally known as MCI Center from 1997 to 2006. It became Verizon Center in January 2006 when Verizon Communications acquired the naming rights for the arena. The name changed again in August 2017 when Capital One acquired naming rights. Capital One Arena has held many WWE events as well including: SummerSlam in 2005, Cyber Sunday in 2007, Survivor Series in 2009 and WWE Capitol Punishment in 2011. Aside from WWE, the arena also hosted World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s Starrcade pay-per-view in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000.
Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon (882/892 – 942) was a Jewish religious scholar and philosopher. He was born in al-Fayyūm, Egypt. When he was 28, he left Egypt and his wife and two sons, and traveled to Babylonia. There, he helped schools in many Jewish communities. After a while, he left Babylonia because he was not happy with the government. As a religious scholar, he translated the Bible into Arabic and wrote many commentaries on it. He also wrote the first Hebrew dictionary and grammar dictionary, and many books on Talmudic law. One of his famous books is called "Kitāb al-amānāt wa al-iʿtiqādāt" ("Book of Beliefs and Convictions"). He died at the age of 63, in Baghdad.
Al-Battānī (other names include Albategnius, Albategni and Albatenius; born about 858 – died 929) was an Arab astronomer, astrologer and mathematician. He is considered an important astronomer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. His discoveries about trigonometry were often quoted by medieval European astronomers; including by Copernicus. He was from Harran. His full name was Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī. Career. Al-Battani helped to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun, before the telescopes. This allowed him to refine existing values for the length of the year. Works. He is most famous for his book the "Kitāb az-Zīj" (or the "Zij"). The "Zij" was a book with 57 chapters dedicated to astronomy. He influenced the works of Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe, who were famous astronomers of later times. The book was translated many times into many different languages. Inside the "Zij", Al-Battani made a map of the stars, naming a few of them. Al-Battani died of old age in the year 929. He had been protesting against the taxes in Baghdad, and died on the way home.
TD Garden is a sports arena in Boston, Massachusetts. The arena opened on September 30, 1995, and is the current home to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The arena was originally known as FleetCenter from 1995 to 2005. TD Banknorth acquired the naming rights for the arena on March 3, 2005. The name was changed to TD Banknorth Garden on July 1, 2005. TD Garden has held many WWE events as well including: WrestleMania XIV in 1998, King of the Ring in 2000, Royal Rumble in 2003, SummerSlam in 2006, Survivor Series in 2008, Royal Rumble in 2011, Night of Champions in 2012, and Survivor Series in 2013.
Gagra (; Abkhaz and ) is a town in Abkhazia. It covers an area of about 5 kilometres. It is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The moderate climate makes it a popular tourist resort. Gagra is the centre of the Gagra District. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia. The river Psou serves as a border with Krasnodar Kray of Russia. History. Gagra was established as a Greek colony. During the rule of the Kingdom of Colchis, they called it "Triglite". In the time of the Roman Empire the town was renamed to "Nitica". Because of its geographical and commercial importance, it was attacked repeatedly by the Goths. The Romans did not neglect it, however. They fortified it well. After the Romans, the Byzantine Empire took control of all of Colchis, including "Nitica". It became a major trading center for merchants from Venice and Genoa. The name "Gagra" appeared for the first time on a map in 1308. This was on a map of the Caucasus made by the Italian Pietro Visconti. This map is now in the Library of Saint Mark in Venice. Gagra within the Russian Empire. In the 16th century, Gagra was a part of Georgia. It was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. Because of poverty and disease, most of its people had left. After Russia's victory over the Ottomans in 1878, Russia rebuilt the town. Gagra under the Soviet Union. In 1919, Vladimir Lenin established a "worker's resort" in Gagra. He nationalized the resort that had been built by Oldenburg. Then Gagra became a popular holiday resort for Soviet citizens. During World War II, it gained a new role as a site for the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. After the war, various state-run sanatoriums were built there. The resort grew and was developed quickly as part of the "Soviet Riviera". Gagra in post-soviet Abkhazia. In the late 1980
The KeyBank Center is a sports arena in Buffalo, New York. The arena opened on September 21, 1996, and is the current home to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The arena was originally known as Marine Midland Arena from 1996 to 1999 and as HSBC Arena from 2000 to 2011. First Niagara Bank acquired the naming rights for the arena in 2011. The arena name next changed after KeyBank bought First Niagara Bank in 2016. Outside signs began to show the new name in August of that year, with the name change to "KeyBank Center" becoming official on September 19. KeyBank Center has held many WWE events as well including: The Great American Bash in 2005, Armageddon in 2008, Night of Champions in 2011, and WWE Battleground in 2013.
John Michael Montgomery (born 1965) is a singer from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He sings and writes country music. He has been a singer since 1992.
KatieJane Garside (born Katrina Jane Garside; 8 July 1968) is an English singer-songwriter. She first became known as the singer of the indie rock band Daisy Chainsaw. Garside is now the singer of Ruby Throat. Career. Daisy Chainsaw. Garside joined the band in 1989. With the band Garside released two extended plays. The band then released one album, "Eleventeen" in 1992. Their single "Love Your Money" reached number 26 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1992. It is Garside's most successful song so far. Garside sung on two songs on Creaming Jesus' 1992 album "Guilt by Association". She was also in the music video for their single "Lilies". In 1993, Garside left Daisy Chainsaw. She was replaced with Belinda Leith. 1994–1998. In 1994, Garside sung on the album "The Greatest Show of Truth" by The Sacred Sawdust Ring. Garside sung on five songs on Test Dept.'s 1995 album "Totality". Queenadreena. In 1999, she started an alternative rock band called Queenadreena with Crispin Gray. Queenadreena released their first album, "Taxidermy", in 2000. In 2002, they released their second album "Drink Me". In 2005, their third album "The Butcher and the Butterfly" was released by One Little Indian. One single was released from the album, "Medicine Jar". In 2007, the band released "Ride a Cock Horse". The next year they released "Djin". It was only released in Japan. In September 2009 it was released in the UK. The band broke up in 2010. Lalleshwari, Corps Electriques, and Ruby Throat. In 2005, she released an album of songs she made on her own called "Lalleshwari/Lullabies in Glass Wilderness". In 2006, Garside
A steam turbine is a machine that gets thermal energy from pressurised steam. It uses the energy to do mechanical work by rotation. It is usually connected to a generator to produce electricity. The heat to produce steam comes from burning a fuel such as coal, from burning trash in an incinerator, from the waste heat of other industrial processes, from a nuclear reactor, or from a natural source such as sunlight or geothermal heat. Sizes. There are many sizes of steam turbines, from small ones (less than 0.75 kW) for pumps and other devices, to larger ones (1,500,000 kW) for producing electricity.
A pulverizer is a machine used to grind different types of material. This is done so that the material will be able to be used or can be easily transported. An example of a material that can be grinded is coal. Types. There are different speeds used by pulverizers.
A battery charger is a device that makes a used battery able to be used again. It works by forcing electric current into it from the opposite polarity of the battery. However, only rechargeable batteries can be recharged with a battery charger. Battery chargers can be found in many forms, such as for mobile phone batteries, an electric vehicle charger, and a laptop battery charger (adapter).