ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus is a large genus of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota. There are several hundred species or types, some of which are important to medicine, science and industry. It grows as a mould, often on plants. The fungi make asexual spores in a structure called an "aspergillum". About one third of types also have sexual reproduction. "Aspergillus" species are highly aerobic and are found in almost all oxygen-rich environments. They are common contaminants of starchy foods (such as bread and potatoes), and grow in or on many plants and trees. Species of "Aspergillus" are important medically and commercially. Some species can cause infection in humans and other animals. More than 60 "Aspergillus" species are medically relevant pathogens. For humans there is a range of diseases such as infection to the external ear, skin lesions, and ulcers classed as mycetomas.
Widyaningrum Surya Nugraha (called Widya, born at Cimahi, Indonesia, February 26, 1985) is a television host from Indonesia. She is best known as a sporting event host at television station Trans7, especially for MotoGP and football events. She started her career as a child when in 1993 she become vocalist at Trio Laris group, then in 1998 she began a career in television as host at Kring Olala at TPI. In 2001 she become host for Musiq at TVRI, and even had the opportunity to become an actress at Putri Keempat television’s serial at RCTI in 2003. She become MotoGP’s host in 2006 season and continues today. Widya is a communication sciences scholar from UNPAD, Bandung. Her hobby is reading and she loves cats.
Atomic physics is the field of physics studying atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons within the atom and the processes by which it changes. This includes ions as well as neutral atoms. The term "atomic physics" is often associated with nuclear power and nuclear bombs, due to the synonymous use of "atomic" and "nuclear" in standard English. However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics, which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons, and nuclear physics, deeming atomic nuclei alone. As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular and optical physics. Physics' research groups are usually so classified. Isolated atoms. Atomic physics often considers atoms one by one. Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons. It is not concerned with the formation of molecules, though much of the physics is identical, nor does it examine atoms in a solid state as condensed matter. It is concerned with processes such as ionization and excitation by photons or collisions with atomic particles. While modelling atoms in isolation may not seem realistic, if one considers atoms in a gas or plasma then the time-scales for atom-atom interactions are huge in comparison to the atomic processes that are generally considered. This means that the individual atoms can be treated as if each were in isolation, as the vast majority of the time they are. By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, though both deal with very large amount of atoms. Electronic configuration. Electrons form notional shells around the nucleus of an atom. These are naturally in a ground state but can be excited by the energy absorption from light, or photons, magnetic flux, atomic or molecular collision. The energy required to remove an electron from its shell is called the binding energy. An amount of energy absorbed by the electron more than such amount is converted to kinetic energy according to the law of conservation of energy. An atom with an electron removed is said to have gone through ionization. Meanwhile, it is important to note that binding energy is not
Alioramus is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. It was about 20 feet long. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous period in what is now Mongolia. The type species, "A. remotus", is known from a partial skull and three foot bones. They were got from Mongolian sediments which were deposited in a humid floodplain about 70 million years ago. A second species, "A. altai", known from a much more complete skeleton, was named and described in 2009. Its relationships to other tyrannosaurid genera are unclear. Some evidence suggests that "Alioramus" is closely related to the contemporary species "Tarbosaurus bataar". Wetter climate. The Maastrichtian stage in Mongolia had a wetter and more humid climate than the previous stages. Sediments show there were floodplains, large river channels and soil deposits, with periodic droughts. This animal had many teeth, which were smaller than usual in the Tyrannosauridae, and a narrow, lower skull. It may have been a sub-adult (teenager), and must have eaten different prey than "Tyrannosaurus". Since the general area was a riverine delta, the prey may have been fish.
Walking with Dinosaurs is a 1999 nature documentary series produced by the BBC. It shows how reptiles called dinosaurs lived. The first episode, "New Blood", follows all three creatures: a "Coelophysis," a "Postosuchus" and a male cynodont. The next, "Time of the Titans", shows a "Diplodocus" growing up and trying to avoid predators such as allosaurs and "Ornitholestes". The third, "A Cruel Sea", follows both a "Eustrepospondylus" and a male "Liopleurodon". The fourth, "King of the Skies", follows a male "Ornithocheirus" migrating to Spain. The fifth, "Spirits of the Frozen Forest", follows a clan of "Leaellynasaura" trying to avoid a hungry Polar Allosaur. The last one, "Last of the Dino Dynasty", follows a female "Tyrannosaurus rex", who has already to mated and needs to take care of her babies in a world that is about to end as the Kt extinction nears by day in an already struggling volcanic world. There is also a 2013 film with the same name, a sequel called "Walking with Beasts" and a prequel called "Walking with Monsters". Plot. This series shows dinosaurs from various parts of the world inhabiting our own planet.
Tylosaurus was an Upper Cretaceous mosasaur. It was a large, predatory marine lizard closely related to modern monitor lizards and to snakes.  In 1918, Charles H. Sternberg found a "Tylosaurus" with the remains of a plesiosaur in its stomach. The specimen is mounted in the United States National Museum (Smithsonian). The plesiosaur remains are stored in the collections.  Although these important specimens were briefly reported by C.H. Sternberg in 1922, the information was lost to science until 2001. The specimen was rediscovered and described by Everhart. It is the basis for the story line in the new (2007) National Geographic IMAX movie - "Sea Monsters".
Charlotte Gainsbourg (born 21 July 1971) is an Anglo-French singer and movie actress.  At the age of fifteen she was on an album with her father. More than twenty years later she released albums as an adult. Gainsbourg has also been in many movies. She has received both a César Award and the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival. Gainsbourg played She in the movie "Antichrist".
is a museum that is in Tagajō, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The museum acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits a collection which focuses on the and the heritage of Tōhoku. The museum holds archaeological objects from excavations in the region. The treasures of the museum include Jōmon period jade from Tagajō and Niisato in Iwate Prefecture. History. The museum opened in the year 1999.
is a art museum at Urabandai near Goshikinuma in Fukushima Prefecture. The museum has modern art, including works by  History. The museum was created in 1999 from the collection of Teizo Morohashi (1932-2003), who was the founder of Xebio Co. Ltd.
Monsignor Georges Lemaître (Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître, 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian priest, astronomer , mathematician and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain. He was the first person to say the Universe is growing. Some people think it was Edwin Hubble, but that is not correct. Lemaître was also the first to make the Hubble's law and the Hubble constant. Lemaître also started what became known as the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe. He called it his 'hypothesis of the primeval atom'.
Albert Claude (24 August 1899 – 22 May 1983) was a Belgian biologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade.  He went to the University of Liège. In the summer of 1929 he joined the Rockefeller Institute. He worked at Rockefeller University in the 1930s and 1940s.  In 1949, he became Director of the Institut Jules Bordet in Brussels. He worked there until 1970.
Ilya Prigogine (25 January 1917 – 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian Jewish descent. He won the 1977 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Prigogine studied chemistry at the Free University of Brussels. In 1950 he became a professor there. In 1959 he started teaching at the University of Texas at Austin in the United States. Prigogine was married to Belgian poet Hélène Jofé. After their divorce, he married Polish-born chemist Maria Prokopowicz in 1961.
Giovanni Paisiello (9 May 1740 – 5 June 1816) was a composer from Italy. He wrote more than 80 operas. He also wrote music for churches and concerts. Life. Paisiello was born in Roccaforzata, a small town near Taranto in the south of Italy. His father was a veterinarian (a doctor for animals). When he was five years old, his father sent him to a Jesuit school in Taranto. His father wanted him to be a lawyer. Paisiello's teachers saw that he had a very beautiful singing voice and much talent for music. This made his father change his mind. He sent Paisiello to a famous music school in Naples called the . He studied at the music school for five years. At first, he composed church music, but then he began writing operas. Soon his operas became popular all over Italy. In 1776, Catherine II, the Empress of Russia, invited him to work for her in St. Petersburg. Paisiello worked for the Empress for eight years. He composed operas for her theatre and conducted the royal orchestra. In 1784, he went back to Italy to work for King Ferdinand IV of Naples. He was the chief composer for a famous opera house in Naples, the Teatro di San Carlo. He also composed church music and concert music for the king. Napoleon Bonaparte admired Paisiello's music very much and invited him to Paris. From 1802 until 1804, Paisiello worked in Paris composing music for Napoleon. He then went back to Naples. He was the head of the music school there from 1807 until 1814. The last years of his life were not happy. He had money problems, and his operas were no longer popular. He died in Naples in 1816.
The Heckler &amp; Koch G3 is a battle rifle developed by Heckler &amp; Koch and the Spanish state-owned design and development agency CETME. It has a 20 rounds magazine, that holds 7.62mm NATO ammunition. It was invented in the 1950s, and was the main weapon of the German army (Bundeswehr). Now the main weapon is the G36. Many German soldiers want the old G3 back. The G3 is still in service as a sniper rifle, but they changed to the G28 for "designated marksmen".  The deign of the G3 was so influential that it was the base for making the MP5 and the PSG-1.
Sir Raymond Douglas Davies ( ; born 21 June 1944) is a British rock musician. He was born in Fortis Hill, Muswell Hill, north London. He was the lead singer of The Kinks, in which his brother Dave Davies was lead guitarist. Since the band split, Ray Davies is a solo singer-songwriter. Davies attempted suicide and was later diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is a top banking institution of the Republic of India. The bank controls the money supply in the country. History. The bank was established on 1 April 1935, when India was under British rule. The Bank was established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The bank was nationalised in 1949.
Conservation, also known as conservation and restoration, is a job where people try to protect the important parts of a culture for the future.  Conservation activities include examination, documentation, treatment, protection. All of this work is supported by research and education. Definition. In traditional terms, the role of the conservator involves the examination, conservation, and preservation of cultural heritage using "any methods that prove effective in keeping that property in as close to its original condition as possible for as long as possible." The role of conservation is a kind stewardship. The conservator has ethical guidelines, including An appropriate conservation strategy requires good judgment, taking into account  Gallery. This series of images shows the process of restoration of a mural in France.
The Heckler &amp; Koch G36 is an assault rifle designed in the 1990s by Heckler &amp; Koch (H&amp;K) in Germany. The weapon is gas operated and has a standard magazine that holds 30 of the 5.56mm NATO rounds. It can also be used with a 100-round 'drum'. The G36 has a 3x scope and often a red dot sight, too in the carrying handle. The G36 is the main weapon of many special units and the army of Portugal, Spain and Germany (Bundeswehr).  Before Heckler &amp; Koch started building for Germany, the G36 has had the name "HK50".
The is a Japanese treasure house in the Tōdai-ji temple complex at Nara It is close to the building which houses the Great Buddha ("Diabutsuden"). It is the oldest museum structure in the world. History. The earliest objects in the Shōsō-in were put there by Empress Kōmyō (701–760). The collection includes artifacts from the arts and crafts of the Tempyō era.  The building was built in the with a raised floor .
Anaïs Nin (full name: Angela Anaïs Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell) February 21, 1903 – January 14, 1977. (, ), was a French-Cuban-American novelist.  Her books were the basis of movies, including "Henry &amp; June" (1990) and "Delta of Venus" (1994). She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris. Her parents were from Cuba. Her father Joaquín Nin was a well-known composer. Her mother Rosa Culmell was a classical singer. She spent her early years in Spain and Cuba and then lived in Paris. In Paris she became a close friend of the writer Henry Miller. She helped him get his first novel, "Tropic of Cancer", published and wrote the to it.  She later moved to the United States and died there of cancer in Los Angeles.
Aquamarine is a color, a light tint between blue and green. It is named for the gemstone aquamarine. The first recorded use of "aquamarine" as a color name in English was in 1598. The color "medium aquamarine" (shown below) is used for the uniforms of nurses and surgeons and also used to paint rooms in hospitals because it is regarded as a color that calms and relaxes the patients.
Pierre René, Viscount Deligne (born 3 October 1944) is an important Belgian mathematician. He is known for work on the Weil conjectures. He was born in Etterbeek. He went to school at Athénée Adolphe Max and studied at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1978, the Crafoord Prize in 1988, the Balzan Prize in 2004 and the Wolf Prize in 2008. In 2006 he was ennobled by the Belgian king as viscount. In 2009, Deligne was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Jean Bourgain (28 February 1954 – 22 December 2018) was a Belgian mathematician. He was a professor at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and Institut des hautes études scientifiques at Bures-sur-Yvette in France. From 1994 until his death he has worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He was an editor for the Annals of Mathematics. He received his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1977. He received the Fields Medal in 1994. In 2008 he was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea. In 2009 Bourgain was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 2010 he received the Shaw Prize in Mathematics. In 2012 he and Terence Tao received the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Bourgain died on 22 December 2018 in Bonheiden, Belgium at the age of 64.
Rogier van der Weyden or Roger de la Pasture (1399 or 1400 – 18 June 1464) was an early Flemish painter. His surviving works are mainly religious triptychs, altarpieces and commissioned single and diptych portraits. He was very successful and internationally famous in his lifetime. His paintings went to Italy and Spain. By the end of the 15th century, he had become more popular than Jan van Eyck. His fame lasted only until the 17th century. Due to the loss of archives in 1695 and again in 1940, there are few certain facts of van der Weyden's life. Rogelet de le Pasture (Roger of the Pasture) was born in Tournai in 1399 or 1400. His parents were Henri de le Pasture and Agnes de Watrélos. He married around 1426, to Elisabeth Goffaert. He was made town painter of Brussels in 1436. He changed his name from the French to the Dutch format, becoming 'van der Weyden'.
Lambert Lombard (Liège, 1505 – 1566) was a Renaissance painter, architect and theorist for the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. During his career he worked for Jan Gossaert in Middelburg and trained Frans Floris. In 1532 he became court painter and architect in Liège. A few paintings and many drawings have been kept. In 1537 he was sent to Rome by Erard de la Marck, prince-bishop of Liège, to buy works of art. While there he discovered the wonders of the Italian Renaissance. On his return he brought not only works of art, but also the new ideas about art to Liège. Dominicus Lampsonius wrote a biography of Lombard called "The Life of Lambert Lombard".
James Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor (13 April 1860 – 19 November 1949) was a Flemish-Belgian painter and printmaker. He was an important influence on expressionism and surrealism. He lived in Ostend for most of his life. He was associated with the artistic group Les XX. Life. From 1877 to 1880, he attended the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. His only travels were three brief trips to Paris, London, and Holland. In 1895 his painting "The Lamp Boy" (1880) was acquired by the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels. He had his first solo exhibition in Brussels. By 1920 he was the subject of major exhibitions. In 1929 he was named a Baron by King Albert. He was the subject of the Belgian composer Flor Alpaerts's "James Ensor Suite". In 1933 he was awarded the band of the Légion d'honneur.  Against the advice of friends, he remained in Ostend during World War II despite the risk of bombardment. In his old age he was an honored figure among Belgians. His daily walk made him a familiar sight in Ostend. He died there after a short illness, on 19 November 1949. Work. His early works show domestic scenes with little color. Later he started to use brighter colors. His subjects became very imaginative. He painted carnivals, masks, puppets and skeletons.
Les XX was a group of twenty Belgian painters, designers and sculptors. It was formed in 1883 by the Brussels lawyer, publisher, and entrepreneur Octave Maus. For ten years 'Les Vingt', as they called themselves, held a yearly exhibition of their art. Each year twenty international artists were also invited to be in the exhibition. Artists invited over the years included: Camille Pissarro (1887, 1889, 1891), Claude Monet (1886, 1889), Georges Seurat (1887, 1889, 1891, 1892), Paul Gauguin (1889, 1891), Paul Cézanne (1890), and Vincent van Gogh (1890, 1891).  In 1893, the society of Les XX was changed into "La Libre Esthétique".
Constant Permeke (31 July 1886 – 4 January 1952) was a Belgian painter and sculptor. He is said to be the leading figure of Flemish expressionism. Permeke was born in Antwerp. When he was six years old the family moved to Ostend. His father was curator of the Municipal Museum of Arts. Permeke went to school in Bruges from 1903 until 1906. In 1906 he was drafted into the Belgian army. After his military service ended in March 1908, Permeke returned to Ostend. He roomed together with another artist, Gustave De Smet. In 1909 he returned to Latem where he lived as a recluse. In 1912 Permeke married Maria Delaere and the newlyweds settled in Ostend. When World War I started, Permeke was in the defense of Antwerp. He was wounded in action near the town of Duffel. His wounds forced him to be evacuated to the United Kingdom. In 1916 he moved to Chardstock in Devonshire and started painting again, mostly colorful English landscapes. After the end of the war, the Permeke family returned to Ostend in 1919. In 1921 Permeke was able to exhibit his work in Antwerp and in Paris. Between 1922 and 1924, Permeke regularly went to Astene. In 1926 Permeke went to Vevey in Switzerland where he mainly painted mountain scenes. In 1929 he moved to Jabbeke. Starting in 1937 Permeke tried his hand at sculpting as well. During World War II, Permeke was forbidden to paint by the German occupiers. His art was seen by them as "Entartete Kunst". His son Paul was arrested and sent to Germany as a forced labourer. After the war, Permeke was made director of the Royal Academy in Antwerp. He only worked there one year. In 1948 his wife died. Emotionally scarred and ailing, Permeke had to be nursed by his daughter. Constant
Paul Delvaux (23 September 1897 – 20 July 1994) was a Belgian painter. He is known for his Surrealism, famous for his paintings of female nudes. Delvaux was born in Antheit. The young Delvaux took music lessons, studied Greek and Latin, and read the fiction of Jules Verne and the poetry of Homer. He studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. He studied architecture because his parents did not want him to be a painter. He went for his goal by taking painting classes taught by Constant Montald and Jean Delville. The painters Frans Courtens and Alfred Bastien also encouraged Delvaux. He completed about 80 paintings between 1920 and 1925. 1925 was the year of his first solo exhibition. He was named director of the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in 1965. In 1982 the Paul Delvaux Museum opened in Saint-Idesbald. Delvaux died in Veurne in 1994.
Panamarenko (pseudonym of Henri Van Herwegen; 5 February 1940 – 14 December 2019) was a famous assemblagist in Belgian sculpture. He is famous for his work with airplanes as theme. None of the airplanes are able to actually leave the ground. Panamarenko studied at the academy of Antwerp. Before 1968, his art was inspired by Pop art. Early on he became interested in planes and human powered flight. This interest is also shown in his name. It is supposed to be an acronym for "Pan American Airlines and Company". Starting in 1970, he developed his first models of imaginary vehicles, planes, balloons or helicopters. Many of his sculptures are modern versions of the myth of Icarus. In 2003 Panamarenko married the 34 year younger Eveline Hoorens. At the opening of a large-scale overview exhibition of his work in Brussels in 2005, Panamarenko said he was retiring as an artist. He has since had his own coffee brand PanamaJumbo. On 24 April 2009, VLM Airlines named one of its Fokker 50 aircraft in his honour.
Jan Fabre (born December 14, 1958 in Antwerp) is a Belgian artist, playwright, stage director, choreographer and designer. He studied at the Municipal Institute of Decorative Arts and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp. Between 1976 and 1980 he wrote his first scripts for the theatre. From 1980 he began his career as a stage director and stage designer. Fabre is famous for his "Bic-art" (ballpoint drawings). In 1990, he covered an entire building with ballpoint drawings. His decoration of the ceiling of the Royal Palace in Brussels is called "Heaven of Delight". It is made out of one million six hundred thousand jewel-scarab wing cases. In 2008, Jan Fabre's "The Angel of Metamorphosis" exhibition was held at the Louvre Museum. In September 2018, Fabre was accused by 20 former employees of sexual harassment.