ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The "Exxon Valdez" oil spill was a shipping accident that happened off the coast of the United States on March 24, 1989. An oil tanker, the "Exxon Valdez", hit a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the time of the disaster, the ship carried 53,094,510 U.S. gallons (44,210,430 imp gal/200,984,600 L) of crude oil. The accident caused a massive oil spill: 10.8 million U.S. gallons (9.0 million imp gal/41 million L) were spilled into the Prince William Sound. It was one of the worst man-made environmental disasters in the history of the United States. The ship had left the shipping lanes because of icebergs. The ship never returned to the shipping lane and hit Bligh Reef at around 12:04 AM. Later, people looked at the causes, and found that the people on board were badly trained and overworked. What made things worse was the fact that the government was not prepared to handle a disaster with such large consequences for the environment. This disaster badly damaged the ecosystems of the area. An estimated 21,300 fish died after being poisoned by the crude oil. The birds that ate the fish got sick. Some of the methods tried to clean up the oil were: burning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical dispersants.
Pope Urban VI (; c. 1318 – October 15, 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 203rd Pope from 1378 to 1389. Early life. Prignano was born in Naples. Bishop. In 1364, Prignano was made the Archbishop of Acerenza by Pope Urban V. Pope Gregory XI made Prignano Archbishop of Bari in 1377. Cardinal. He was not a cardinal. There were several Popes who were not Cardinals. One of these was Pope Urban V. Pope. Prignano was elected pope on April 8, 1378; and he chose to be called Pope Urban VI. Western schism. A period called the "Western Schism" began on 20 September 20, 1378 when Robert of Geneva (also known as Clement VII) was chosen pope by 13 French cardinals. Clement VII is now considered to have been an antipope. A large part of Germany, Flanders, Italy (with exception of Naples), England and Ireland recognized Urban VI as the pope; but many in Western Europe supported the papacy of Clement VII.
Rocca Petru (28 September 1887 – 7 June 1966) was a poet and writer from Corsica, who wanted his island free from France. At first, he supported the Corsica becoming a part of Italy, but then promoted the autonomy of Corsica after World War II. Life. Rocca, called Petru in Corsican, was a gifted writer since young age. He contributed in Corsica to the magazine "A Tramuntana". During World War I, he wrote about the war and was decorated with the French Legion of Honor. From May 1920, Rocca worked with the literary magazine "A Muvra". During the first half of the 20th century, this was the most important Corsican publication in Italian. In 1922 he created the "Partitu Corsu d'Azione", following the model of the Italian Partito Sardo d'Azione of Sardinia that had autonomism ideals. After that, in the late 1920s, he created the "Partito autonomista di Corsica" with the support of Domenico Parlotti and Dr. Croce, director of the Archivi di Stato della Corsica. During the late 1930s Rocca, slowly changed his political opinions from wanting autonomy for Corsica to supporting the union of Corsica with Italy. He supported the ideals of Petru Giovacchini, an irredentist leader who created the main pro-Italian political organization in Corsica: the "Gruppi d’Azione Irredentista Corsa". In 1938, the French government punished him for his approach to the Italian Risorgimento ideals. They took away his French Legion of Honor medal. "A Muvra" started in 1939 to write articles against the Jews (responsible in Rocca's opinion for the French "occupation" of Corsica) and was quickly closed. During World War II, Rocca supported Benito Mussolini's ideals about the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy. When Italian troops occupied the island in 1942, Rocca was proposed to be "Governor" of a Corsica
Pope Urban VII (; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 229th Pope. He ruled for thirteen days in September 1590, and died before his consecration, from malaria. This makes him the shortest reigning Pope in the history of the Catholic Church. Early life. Castagna was of Genoan origin, although born in Rome. Priest. Castagna was ordained priest March 30, 1553. Bishop. Pope Julius III appointed him Archbishop of Rossano on March 1, 1553. Cardinal. In 1584, Pope Gregory XIII made Castagna Cardinal of San Marcello. Pope. Cardinal Castagna was elected pope on 15 September 1590. He chose the name Urban, which in Latin signifies "kind". Pope Urban died from malaria on September 27, 1590.
Harold Robinson Bruno, Jr. (1928-2011) was an American political commentator and journalist. He graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1950. He worked on its college newspaper with Robert Novak and Gene Shalit. He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Army during the Korean War. Bruno received a Fulbright fellowship to study in India. In 1959, Bruno covered the Cuban revolution from Havana. He joined Newsweek magazine in 1960. He joined ABC News in 1978. In 1992, Bruno was political director of ABC News when he moderated a televised debate between the three candidates for Vice President: Al Gore, Dan Quayle, and James Stockdale. After retiring from ABC News in 1999, Bruno became chairman of the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation until 2008. He died of atrial arrhythmia.
Atticus Shaffer is an American actor. He is best known for playing Matty Newton in "The Unborn" (2009) and Brick Heck on the television series, "The Middle". He is also known for voicing Edgar E. Gore in "Frankenweenie" (2012). Personal life. Shaffer was born in Santa Clarita, California, to Ron and Debbie Shaffer. He lives in Acton, California. Shaffer has type four osteogenesis imperfecta, a condition involving a defect in collagen that causes fragile bones and short stature. He is 4' 8" (142 cm) tall. Shaffer is Christian and as of 2018 had a daily Bible study with his mother, switching between the Old and New Testaments. As of 2015, the year he was baptized, he was a fan of contemporary Christian rock music and identified several Christian bands among his favorites. Shaffer has a YouTube page and a Twitch video gaming page, they're both called "AtticusShafferVlog", He plays "The Long Dark" and "" among other video games.
Gunning Bedford, Jr. (1747 – March 30, 1812) was an American lawyer and politician. He was from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was in the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785. He helped the rights of small states. He was also a federal judge. Bedford was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
FC Lustenau 07 is an football club from Lustenau, Vorarlberg in Austria. They play in the Vorarlbergliga, the highest level in Vorarlberg. The club is the oldest football club in Vorarlberg. History. The roots of the club laid in the Turnverein Lustenau. Many of the young members of the club played football. After discussions the football section left the club and formed on 20 September 1907 at the Gasthof zur Sonne the FC Lustenau. Many of the clubs in Vorarlberg were founded with the help of players of FC Lustenau(for example FC Dornbirn 1913 and the second club from Lustenau SC Austria Lustenau ).  During the First World War there was no football in Vorarlberg. But after the war many new clubs were found. So the FC Lustenau was interested in forming a football association, which was formed in 1920. The most important player of FC Lustenau before the Second World War was Ernst Künz.He played in the 1936 Olympic football team of Austria. The team won the silver medal. During the Second World war there was again no football in Vorarlberg. But 1945 the team started again under the name FC Rapid Lustenau. In 1947 they got their old name FC Lustenau 07 back. In 2000 the club was promoted to the Austrian First League. 2004 they were relegated. In the 2005/06 season they won the Regionalliga West with 27 wins, 3 draws and 0 lost (104:22 goals). Till the 2012-13 season they played in the Austrian First League. Due to financial problems the club played the next season in Vorarlberg 2. Landesklasse (Level 7). Till the 2019-20 season they reached the Vorarlbergliga (Level 4) the highest level in Vorarlberg football. Current squad. as on December 17th, 2021 Goalkeepers Defenders Midfielders Forwards
Anthony Joseph Foyt, Jr. (born January 16, 1935) is an American racecar driver. He was a four-time Indianapolis 500 winner. He also won at the Daytona 500. Early life. Foyt was born in Houston, Texas. He attended Pershing and Hamilton middle schools and Lamar, San Jacinto and St. Thomas Catholic high schools, but he dropped out to become a mechanic.
Evans Blue is a Canadian alternative rock band from Toronto, Ontario. Evans Blue has five members in the band; the current band members are Dan Chandler, Parker Lauzon, Vlad Tanaskovic, Joe Pitter and Mike McClure. Discography. So far as of 2011, Evans Blue has released 3 Studio albums:
A colloid is a mixture of one substance spread out evenly inside another substance. They can be in two different phases or states of matter.  One substance is the dispersion medium, such as water or gas. The other is the dispersed medium, sometimes called the 'internal phase'. This is usually tiny solid particles. Otherwise, if the dispersion medium is a gas, then the internal phase can be either tiny particles or tiny droplets of a liquid. Definition: A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance. The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter between about 5 and 200 nanometers. Examples:
Five Finger Death Punch is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. Five Finger Death Punch has five members in the band; the current band members are Zoltan Bathory (originally from Hungary), Jason Hook, Chris Kael, Ivan Moody and Jeremy Spencer. Discography. So far as of 2011, Five Finger Death Punch has released 4 Studio albums:
A sol is a colloidal suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. They can be quite stable; examples include blood, pigmented ink, and paint. Sols can change into viscosity quickly if they are thixotropic. Examples include quicksands and paint, both of which become more fluid under pressure.
One Direction, also referred to as 1D were an English and Irish boy band. It began with Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson. They finished third on the seventh series of "The X Factor". They each auditioned for "The X Factor" separately. Nicole Scherzinger put them together in 2010 because she thought they were too good to lose. Songs. "What Makes You Beautiful" was One Direction's first single. After being signed to Syco Music, the group recorded their first album "Up All Night". Hits on the album include "One Thing" and "Gotta Be You." It was third in the charts. They have been very successful since. They tour to places around the world such as Europe, Australia, Asia, and the Americas. The group released a second album in November 2012, called "Take Me Home". It includes the singles "Little Things", "Live While We're Young" and "Kiss You". The group released their third album, "Midnight Memories", in late November 2013. It includes the singles "Story of My Life", "Best Song Ever", "Midnight Memories", and "You &amp; I" Their fourth album, "Four", was released in November 2014. This album includes the singles "Steal My Girl" and "Night Changes". Their fifth album, "Made in the A.M.", was released in November 2015. It includes the singles "Drag Me Down", "Perfect" and "History". On 29 August 2013, their movie "This Is Us" was released. In April 2014, One Direction started their stadium world tour titled "Where We Are." 5 Seconds of Summer opened for them during the tour. On 25 March 2015, Zayn Malik left the band. In January 2016, the band said they would be taking a temporary break. It was expected to last around 18 months, but due to the members pursuing solo careers, they will be reuniting later than promised.  Awards and recognition. One Direction have won 7 Brit awards, 7 American Music Awards and 28 Teen Choice Awards. The band also has a lot of award nominations. Members. Zayn Malik left the band on 25 March 2015. The group decided not to replace him, but continued as a four piece band.
Lyme Regis is a coastal town in West Dorset, England, 25 miles west of Dorchester and east of Exeter. The town lies in Lyme Bay, on the English Channel coast at the Dorset-Devon border. It is nicknamed 'The Pearl of Dorset'. The town is noted for the fossils found in the cliffs and beaches, which are part of the Jurassic Coast–a World Heritage Site. The harbour wall, "The Cobb", features in Jane Austen's novel "Persuasion", and in the movie and novel, "The French Lieutenant's Woman", by local writer John Fowles. When people were counted in the town's most recent census in 2001, the population was 4,406. 45% of the town's population were retired people. Geology. The town is noted for the fossils found in the cliffs and beaches, which are part of the Jurassic Coast–a World Heritage Site. The Jurassic Coast stretches over a distance of . The coastal exposures along the coastline provide a continuous sequence of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rock formations spanning approximately 185 million years of the Earth's history. The localities along the Jurassic Coast include some important fossil zones. The Blue Lias rock is host to a multitude of remains from the early Jurassic, a time from which good fossil records are rare. Many of the remains are well preserved, with complete specimens of several important species. Many of the earliest discoveries of dinosaur and other prehistoric reptile remains were made in the area surrounding Lyme Regis, notably those discovered by Mary Anning (1799–1847). Significant finds include "Ichthyosaur", "Plesiosaur", "Dimorphodon", "Scelidosaurus", one of the first armoured (Thyreophora) dinosaurs. The town now holds an annual Mary Anning Day and Lyme Regis Fossil Festival. A fossil of the world's largest moth was discovered in 1966 at Lyme Regis. Landslips. The coastal region near Lyme Regis is subject to large landslips. This means that Jurassic age fossils are regularly exposed and can be found on the beaches, but also causes devastation to the
A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is used up faster than it can be made by nature. It cannot be produced, grown or generated on a scale which can sustain how quickly it is being consumed. Once it is used up, there is no more available for the future. Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas), types of nuclear power (uranium) and certain examples. Resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) or metals (which can be recycled) are considered renewable resources. Non-renewable resources are also called exhaustible resources. The renewable energy is the contrary notion.
A personal name is the label which identifies an individual person. It is a proper name; and it is usually made up of a given name plus a surname.  The Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that a child has the right from birth to a name.
A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name or label which refers to the years of the reign of a monarch or a pope.  A monarch sometimes chooses a reign name which is different from his or her personal name. Example: Edward VII of the United Kingdom, born Albert Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha A pope chooses a regnal name when he is elected. It becomes his new personal name. Example: Pope John Paul II, born Karol Józef Wojtyła, The new name -- or sometimes the old one -- is followed by an ordinal number to create a unique name for the period in which the monarch is on the throne.  Example: Elizabeth II was queen of the United Kingdom and many other Commonwealth Realms until her death in 2022 Elizabeth I of England (1533–1603) was the 1st British queen named Elizabeth. She ruled over "Elizabethan" England. Her time on the throne was called the "Elizabethan era" or the "Elizabethan age".
Wolfsberger AC is a football club from the city of Wolfsberg, Carinthia, Austria. The club was founded in 1931. The colours are black and white.  The club competed in twenty seasons on the second level of the Austrian football leagues. Between the 2007–08 and 2011–12 seasons, Wolfsberger AC united with SK St. Andrä to compete under the name WAC/St. Andrä. Both clubs stayed independent, but had a central administration and marketing. In 2010 they reached the Austrian football first league. In their first season they reached the 4th place. After 2011/12 season the club was promoted to Austrian Bundesliga for the first time in their history. Wolfsberg finished third in the 2018–19 Austrian Football Bundesliga. They were qualified for the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League group stage. They finished in fourth place in Group J of the UEFA Europa League in the 2019–20 season.  The second squad of WAC is playing in the Regionalliga Mitte (3th division).
The Kimmeridge clay formation is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay and mudstones. It is of Upper Jurassic age, and occurs in Europe. It gives its name to a stage in the Upper Jurassic called the Kimmeridgian, lasting from 157.3–152.1 million years ago. Kimmeridge clay is perhaps the most economically important unit of rocks in the whole of Europe, because it is the major source for oil fields in the North Sea. The clay is named after the village of Kimmeridge on the Dorset coast of England, where it is well exposed and forms part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. It exists across England, in a band stretching from Dorset in the south-west, north-east to East Anglia and Hull. The River Humber Bridge's foundations are in the Kimmeridge Clay deposits under the Humber estuary. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes a reptile fauna of turtles, crocodiles, dinosaurs, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as many invertebrate species such as "Gryphaea". Climate. The Kimmeridge Clay was laid down in  an environment which is not present on the Earth today. Much of Western Europe was covered by a high sea-level: this may be related to the opening of the Atlantic. As a consequence, the UK was covered by a shallow and largely anoxic sea, perhaps less than 100m deep, with occasional landmasses. This was shallower water than the Blue Lias of the Lower Jurassic. It was often low in oxygen, which led to its organic material being only partially decomposed. The mudstones are organic-rich, and gave rise to most of the North Sea oil.
Rachel Hunter (born 8 September 1969) is a fashion model and an actress from New Zealand. She worked in France, Australia, UK (London) and New Zealand. in She currently lives in the United States. She has been in the "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition" many times and has posed for other magazines. Hunter posed Playboy in 2004. She was married to singer Rod Stewart from 1990 until 2006.
The Yamasee War was a war between the Yamasee Indians and the South Carolina settlers from 1715–1717.
Orbital forcing is the effect on climate of slow changes in the tilt of the Earth's axis and shape of the orbit (see Milankovitch cycles).  These orbital changes alter the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth by up to 25% at mid-latitudes. That has a huge effect. The term "forcing" is a physical process which definitely affects the Earth's climate. This mechanism is believed to be responsible for the timing of the ice age cycles. The timing of past glacial periods coincides very well with the predictions of the Milankovitch theory, and these effects can be calculated into the future. Note in the graphic the strong 100,000 year periodicity of the cycles, and the striking asymmetry of the curves. Ice ages deepen by progressive steps, but the recovery to interglacial conditions occurs in one big step.
Mendel Berlinger, better known as Milton Berle, (July 12, 1908 – March 27, 2002) was an American actor and comedian.  Early life. Berle was born Mendel Berlinger in Manhattan, New York City. He was raised Jewish. Berle studied at Professional Children's School. His career began in 1914, when he was 5 years old. Career. Berle first appeared in the serial "The Perils of Pauline". During his career he starred in numerous movies, television programs and others. He was called "Uncle Miltie" during TV's golden age days. He was known for hosting "Texaco Star Theater" (1948–55). In 1949, Berle hosted the first ever telethon. Berle retired in 2000 because of poor health. His last appearance was in a 2000 episode of "Kenan &amp; Kel".  Personal life. Berle was married to Joyce Mathews from 1941 until they divorced in 1947. They remarried in 1949 only to divorce once again in 1950. Then he married Ruth Cosgrove Rosenthal from 1953 until her death in 1989. Then he married Lorna Adams in 1991. Their marriage would last until his death in 2002. Berle had three children. Berle died from colon cancer in Los Angeles, California on March 27, 2002 at age 93. He was buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery.
Karl Barth (1886-1968) was a Protestant theologian who started a movement in theology that is now called Neo-Orthodoxy. He wrote "Church Dogmatics" and the "Gottingen Dogmatics", as well as a number of Biblical commentaries, most famously on the Book of Romans. He was heavily involved in the authorship of the anti-Nazi Barmen declaration in 1934. Barth rejects Biblical inerrancy, and he also rejects stronger forms of predestination.
Sungai Petani (abbreviated ""Sg. Petani" or "SP"") is a town in the state of Kedah, in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Sungai Petani is the second largest town in Kedah after Alor Star. The name Sungai Petani has its roots from "sungai" meaning river and "petani" meaning farmer in the Malay language. Sungai Petani in full means "Farmer's River", as there are a lot of paddy fields and farmers in the state. The word "petani" may also refer to "Pattani", a city in present-day Thailand to which the river was once connected. Even the old spelling of Sungai Petani was "Sungei Patani", without any reference to farming. Politics. Sungai Petani is designated as a parliamentary area in its own right. A total of 983,851 people (2008) are able to vote. It is currently represented by Johari Abdul from Parti Keadilan Rakyat. The parliamentary area of Merbok and part of the parliamentary area of Yan (Gurun) form part of Sungai Petani Municipal administrative area. Economy. Sungai Petani has a high and medium-sized business community. Small and medium industry also play a part in the local economy, producing many products, from semiconductors to television tubes and from textile to wood products. Sungai Petani is also a booming business center with many large malls, franchise stores and business enclaves. Sungai Petani has many malls and shopping centers such as Central Square, Village Mall, Lagenda Height Tesco, Sungai Petani North Tesco, Sungai Petani South Tesco, Giant Hypermarket, Econsave, Billion, Sp Plaza and Parkson. Transportation. The town is accessible through the Federal Route 1 and also the North-South Expressway. Sungai Petani has two highway exits while the Federal Route I runs across the city. Apart from that, it also has a train station and a makeshift express bus hub that caters to any destination within Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore.