ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Samuel Osmond Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music. Barber is well-known because of his 1936 work "Adagio for Strings". It received positive reviews. Barber won two Pulitzer Prizes for his works. Barber was born on March 9, 1910 in West Chester, Pennsylvania. He studied at the Curtis Institute for Music. Barber was gay. He lived with Gian Carlo Menotti for 30 years. Barber died on January 23, 1981 in New York City, New York from cancer. He was 70. He is buried in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Rara Lake () is the biggest natural lake of Nepal. It is in Rara Village Development Committee, Mugu District, Karnali Zone in the Mid-Western region. The lake has a slightly oval shape and is entirely in the Rara National Park, about north-west of the capital, Kathmandu. Features. Lake Rara is at an altitude of above sea level covering an area of . The lake has a length of and a width of with a maximum depth of . It flows into the Karnali river via the Nijar river (Nijar Khola). The lake was classified as oligotrophic (an environment that offers little to sustain life) in limnological terms, meaning that is very slightly polluted. Climate. The climate of the Rara National Park, where the Lake Rara is, is a temperate climate with temperatures between in summer and in winter. Animal life. In the Lake Rara there are three endemic fish species ("Schizothorax macrophthalmus", "S. nepalensis" and "S. raraensis"), and one endemic frog ("Paa rarica"). Many waterfowl spend the winter months in Lake Rara; some of them are gadwall, mallard, northern shoveler, Eurasian teal, tufted duck, common goldeneye, goosander, Eurasian coot and solitary snipe.
12 Years a Slave is a 2013 British-American historical biographical drama movie based on the book "12 Years a Slave". It is directed by Steve McQueen. It stars Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Giamatti, and Brad Pitt. It was composed by Hans Zimmer. It was released on November 1, 2013 in the United States.  The film was first shown at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013. It will be released in the UK in January 2014. On October 20 2013 McQueen won Hollywood Breakout Director Award at the Hollywood Film Awards for the film. On November 14 he won Bronze Horse for Best Film - Special Mention at the Stockholm International Film Festival. Movie critics gave the film good reviews. Rolling Stone, Entertainment Weekly, Washington Post, and The New York Times called "12 Years a Slave" the best movie of 2013.
Subject ( "lying beneath") may refer to: People. A subject is an individual subjected to the rule by an elite, see feudalism
The Green Party of the United States (GPUS) is a left-wing political party in the United States. The Green Party nominated Dr. Jill Stein as its candidate for President of the United States in 2012, and again in 2016. The party focuses on issues such as social justice and environmentalism. It is the sixth largest party in the country, following the American Independent Party, Libertarian Party, and the New York Independence Party.
Oriented strand board, commonly called OSB, is a type of particle board which is made of carefully positioned strands of wood. Aspen and other similar woods are cut into long strands parallel to the . It is manufactured into sheets made up of wood strands, wax, and resin adhesives. Sheets are formed under pressure and heat. The finished sheet size varies by country. OSB is very strong making it ideal for building construction. Its most common uses in construction are for covering walls, floors and roofs before the finish products are applied.  OSB can also be made from trees from areas burned over by forest fires.
Emilia Plater was a Polish-Lithuanian noblewoman and revolutionary.  Plater led soldiers in several engagements during the November Uprising in the Polish-Russian Wars of 1830-1831. She became ill toward the end of the Uprising and died. Though she did not fight in any large battles, her story inspired many works of art and literature. She is a national heroine in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus, all formerly parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In law, affinity is the kinship relationship that exists between two or more people as a result of somebody's marriage. It is different from consanguinity (blood relationship). Affinity is the relationship which each party to a marriage has to the relatives of the other partner to the marriage. But affinity does not cover the marital relationship of the parties to the marriage themselves.  Affinity laws. Under the law, such relatives by marriage are known as affines. More commonly, they are known as , as affinity is usually signified by adding to a degree of kinship. In law, affinity may be used to prohibit incestuous sexual relations. It may also be relevant in preventing some couples from marrying. Which relationships are prohibited varys from country to country, and from time to time. In some countries, especially in the past, the prohibited relationships were based on religious laws. In earlier laws, affinity was used in the same degrees as consanguinity in prohibiting marriages. Though, laws vary considerably, affinity does not always cease with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced. It does not always end with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by adoption and step relationship.
Consanguinity ("blood relation", from the Latin "") means being of the same kinship as another person. Consanguinity also means being descended from the same ancestor as another person. The laws of many jurisdictions set up degrees of consanguinity when prohibiting sexual relations and marriage. Rules of Consanguinity are also used to determine heirs of an estate. These are according to laws that govern intestate succession. These vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. History. Most cultures have prohibited marriages between individuals who are closely related by blood (consanguinity). There were some exceptions. Brothers and sisters, as well as fathers and daughters, often married in ancient Egypt. These were primarily limited to the royal family from the earliest times. Some theories hold that it strengthened a King's claim to the throne. In biblical history, Abraham married his (half-)sister Sarah. Most early societies had rules or laws that limited consanguineous marriages. So the dangers of inbreeding must have been known to them.  Roman civil law. In ancient Rome, marriage was governed by civil laws. Under Roman civil law couples were forbidden to marry if they were within four degrees of consanguinity. The Germanic peoples also had rules against such marriages but were not as strict.  Medieval Europe. In the 5th century, after the Roman empire collapsed, the church took over regulating marriage. At first they did not have a great deal of influence. The Church's power over marriage grew gradually. At first the Church followed Roman civil law. In the ninth century the church raised the number of prohibited degrees to seven. They also changed the method by which they were calculated. The nobility of Europe usually married from within their own social class. Eventually they became too interrelated to marry by the Church's rules. Many found it necessary to defy the Church. In 1215 the Fourth Lateran Council reduced the number of prohibited degrees of consanguinity from seven back to four. The pope had the power to waive the rules for particular couples. Frequently, papal dispensations were given allowing closely related couples to marry. These were almost always reserved for the royalty and nobility. Sometimes the Church used consanguinity to block marriage as in the
F.K. Bačka is a football club which plays in Bačka Palanka, Serbia. History. The club was founded in 1945. Its stadium, Vava Slavko Maletin, can hold 5,500 people. It opened on 7 July 1951. The first time Bačka was ranked in the Second Federal League was in the 1959/1960 season, and again in 1988/1989. One of their best seasons was when they were in the Yugoslav Cup quarterfinal in 1969, losing to Hajduk Split 2:1. The club has also taken part in the national finals, the most recent time being in 1993/1994 when they lost to Nis Workers.
The Socialist Party of America was a socialist political party in the United States from 1901 to 1972. In early 1919, it had 100,000 members. In the 1920s they temporarily stopped running their own candidates. They opposed the New Deal by Roosevelt. They held a pacifist position on World War II. In the 1960s, they permanently stopped running their own candidates. Key figures included Eugene V. Debs, Norman Thomas and Max Shactmann.
Darren Robert "Panger" Pang (born February 17, 1964) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender and hockey media personality. Playing career. Before playing in the NHL, Pang played for the Belleville Bulls and Ottawa 67's of the OHL. He played 1 game with the Chicago Blackhawks and then played 3 seasons in the IHL for the Milwaukee Admirals and Saginaw Generals. He also played 7 games with the Nova Scotia Oilers of the AHL. Standing at 5'5", Pang was the 2nd shortest goalie behind only Roy "Shrimp" Worters to play in the NHL. He returned to the Blackhawks during the 1987-88 NHL season. He played with them for 2 seasons before ending his playing career in the IHL after playing 2 seasons with the Saginaw Hawks and 7 games with the Indianapolis Ice. After retiring he became the assistant coach for the University of Notre Dame for 3 years and was the goalie coach for the Indianapolis Ice for 2 years. Broadcasting. He is currently a color commentator for the Chicago Blackhawks TV broadcasts and TNT. Before becoming the color commentator for the Blackhawks, Pang was the color commentator for the Phoenix Coyotes, St. Louis Blues, and a part-time analyst with TSN. He is also an "Inside the Glass" reporter for regular season and playoff action for NHL on NBC. Pang also contributes to Home Ice, XM Satellite Radio's all-hockey channel. He was a former top analyst for ESPN National Hockey Night and NHL on ABC for which he broadcast over 95 Stanley Cup Finals games on National TV.
Lawrence Robert Klein (September 14, 1920 – October 20, 2013) was an American economist of Jewish descent. He became a well-known economist for his work in creating computer models to forecast economic trends in the field of econometrics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1980 for his discovery. Klein was born on September 14, 1920 in Omaha, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. and at the University of California, Berkeley. Klein married Sonia Adelson during the 1950s. They had three daughters and one son. Klein died on October 20, 2013 in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania from natural causes, aged 93.
Robert Merton Solow (August 23, 1924 – December 21, 2023) was an American economist. He was known for his work on the theory of economic growth that grew in the exogenous growth model. It was named after him. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal (in 1961) and the 1987 Nobel Prize in Economics. He won the Nobel Prize for studying how countries grow economically. Solow was born on August 23, 1924 in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied at Harvard University. Solow married Barbara Lewis in 1945. They had two sons and one daughter. Solow died on December 21, 2023, at his home in Lexington, Massachusetts, at the age of 99.
Douglass Cecil North (November 5, 1920 – November 23, 2015) was an American economist. He is known for his work in economic history. In 1993, he received the Nobel Prize in Economics. In the words of the Nobel Committee, North and Robert Fogel were awarded the prize "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change." North was one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011. North was born on November 5, 1920 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He studied at Washington University in St. Louis, and Stanford University, at the University of Washington, and at Cambridge University. North has three sons from a failed marriage.  North died on November 23, 2015 at his summer house in Benzonia, Michigan the age of 95 from esophageal cancer.
Thomas Crombie Schelling (14 April 1921 – 13 December 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign affairs, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control. After 1953, he left government to join the economics faculty at Yale University, and in 1958 he was appointed Professor of Economics at Harvard University. In 1969 he joined the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. In 1993, Schelling received an award from the National Academy of Sciences. He also received an honorary doctorate from Yale University in 2009 as well as an honorary degree from the University of Manchester. He was awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Economics (shared with Robert Aumann) for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis". Personal life. Schelling was born on 14 April 1921 in Oakland, California. He studied at the University of California, Berkeley, at Harvard University, and at Yale University. Schelling married Corinne Tigay Saposs in 1947. They had four children. They divorced in 1991. Then, Schelling married Alice M. Coleman in 1991. They had four children. Schelling died on 13 December 2016 in Bethesda, Maryland from complications following a hip fracture, aged 95. Major works. "The strategy of conflict" (1960). Schelling's most famous work grew out of the post-war interest in game theory and the Cold War. The book covers an area known as strategic bargaining, about how the United States could deal with the Soviet Union after World War II. It is thought to be one of the hundred books that have been most influential in the West since 1945. Many studies at the RAND Corporation and Herman Kahn's Hudson Institute were along similar lines. All these people knew each other and gave advice and seminars at the Pentagon and other U.S. government departments. "Arms and influence" (1966). Schelling's theories about war were extended in "Arms and Influence". The blurb states that it "carries forward the analysis so brilliantly begun in his earlier "The Strategy of Conflict"... and makes a
The Viking invasion of Britain in 865 AD is sometimes called  the Great Heathen Army, or Great Danish Army or the Great Viking Army. Previous invasions were for loot, but this one led to semi-permanent settlement. A large force of Danish Vikings attacked Anglo-Saxon England. This army appeared in East Anglia in 865. Unlike earlier Vikings who made brief raids on England, the Great army stayed for many years in an attempt to conquer all of England.  Early Viking raids. The first recorded Viking attack in England was in 793 at Lindisfarne. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reported " the of heathen men miserably destroyed God's church at Lindesfarne." There were many reasons that Vikings began attacking England. The populations of Norway had been growing between the 7th and 9th centuries. The Vikings were pagans who often had several wives and many sons. These young men filled the ranks of armies and joined ship's crews to go on adventures. The beginning of trade between Europe and England had opened up great trading centers. Vikings were traders but at the same time resorted to piracy when it suited them. This was especially true when they found new lands and people who were not well protected.  The first raiders from the north who set foot in England were from Norway. They sacked and killed monks at Lindisfarne and at Jarrow the following year. The Norwegian Vikings then established colonies in the Shetland and Orkney Islands. They also settled in Ireland. The Vikings from Norway only came back to England in the 10th century and from their settlements in Ireland. The Swedes, called the Rus, were to later expand eastwards into Russia. In 835 there was a raid at the mouth of the River Thames by Danish Vikings. For the next thirty years these attacks on England continued. In 850 Canterbury and London were attacked by a Danish band led by Rorik. He was defeated and killed the next year by Athelwulf of Wessex. Only twice had a Danish army spent the winter in England: in 850 and 854. The Great Army. In 865 the Danish Vikings changed their tactics. A large army
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (August 23, 1921 – February 21, 2017) was an American economist. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972. Until 2019, he was the youngest person to have received this award, at 51. Early life. Arrow was born on August 23, 1921 in New York City, New York. He studied at the City College of New York and at Columbia University. Arrow married Selma Schweitzer in 1947. They had two sons. Career. In economics, he was thought be an important figure in post-World War II neo-classical economic theory. Many of his former graduate students have gone on to win the Nobel Prize themselves.  Arrow was active on the international scene through a variety of initiatives including trustee of Economists for Peace and Security and a member of the Advisory Board of Incentives for Global Health, the not-for-profit behind the Health Impact Fund. Death. Arrow died on February 21, 2017 from natural causes at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 95.
Robert Dale Maxwell (October 26, 1920 – May 11, 2019) was a former United States Army soldier from Idaho.  He is a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received this honor for his actions in World War II. After the death of Nicholas Oresko on October 4, 2013, Maxwell became the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient. Maxwell was born on October 26, 1920 in Boise, Idaho. He studied at Bend Senior High School. Maxwell now lives in Bend, Oregon, and is the only living Medal of Honor recipient in that state. In 2011, at the age of 90, he received his High School Diploma from Bend Senior High. In 2012, he suffered a minor stroke, but recovered after only a few short days with only minor loss of functionality of his right hand. Maxwell died on May 11, 2019 in Bend, Oregon at the age of 98.
Walter David Ehlers (May 7, 1921 – February 20, 2014) was a former United States Army soldier. Ehlers received the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II. Ehlers was the last living Medal of Honor recipient who fought at Omaha Beach on D-Day. Ehlers was born on May 7, 1921 in Junction City, Kansas. He joined the Army in October 1940. Ehlers' brother Roland died at Omaha Beach when his landing craft was hit by a mortar shell. Ehlers appeared in the 1955 movie "The Long Gray Line", starring Tyrone Power. Ehlers lived in Orange County, California. He died on February 20, 2014 of kidney failure in Long Beach, California. He was 92 years old.
The Exorcist is a 1973 American supernatural horror movie directed by William Friedkin. It is based on the 1971 book by William Peter Blatty and is also based on the true events by 1949 exorcism case of Ronald Doe. It stars Max von Sydow, Ellen Burstyn and Linda Blair with William O'Malley. It was released to positive reviews on December 26, 1973. The film is rated R. In 2010, the Library of Congress selected The Exorcist into the United States National Film Registry.
Kenneth Stanley "Bud" Adams, Jr. (January 3, 1923 – October 21, 2013) was an American businessman. He owned the Tennessee Titans. He was chairman and CEO of Adams Resources &amp; Energy Inc., a wholesale supplier of oil and natural gas. Adams was not a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Adams was born was on January 3, 1923 in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. He studied at Culver Military Academy, at Menlo College, and at the University of Kansas. Adams married Neville Adams from 1947 until her death in 2009. They had two daughters and one son. Adams died on October 21, 2013 in Houston, Texas from natural causes, aged 90.
Georges Descrières (15 April 1930 – 19 October 2013) was a French actor. He appeared in 52 movies and television shows between 1954 and 1996. He starred alongside Anna Karina in the 1962 movie "Sun in Your Eyes" and portrayed the gentleman-burglar titular character in the internationally successful TV series "Arsène Lupin". He was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2004 and appointed Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit in May 2011. Descrières died of cancer in Cannes, France on 19 October 2013, aged 83.
John Wayne "Jack" Norris (born August 5, 1942) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender. Career. In the NHL, Norris played 23 games for the Boston Bruins, 10 games for the Chicago Black Hawks and 25 games for the Los Angeles Kings. He spent most of his playing career in the minor leagues. He played 2 seasons for the Alberta/Edmonton Oilers and 2 seasons with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the World Hockey Association before retiring after the 1975-76 WHA season.
The Apprentice is an British business-themed reality television program. Each series, a group of young entrepreneurs compete to win a £250,000 investment in their business plans from billionaire businessman and member of the House of Lords, Alan Sugar.  Game. For twelve weeks, the contestants are split into two teams and must complete business-related tasks. At the end of each task, Sugar and his two assistants, Karren Brady and Claude Littner, "fire" a person from the losing team. Eventually, only one contestant remains and they win the investment. In the first few years of the show, the prize was a job at one of Sugar's companies. In season 7, they changed the prize to a business investment.  Overview. Spin-off series. The Apprentice: You're Fired! The Apprentice: You're Fired is a talk show which airs directly after each episode of the main show. The presenter, usually accompanied by well-known television personalities, interview the contestant(s) who has been fired in the most recent episode. Celebrity Apprentice. Unlike the American version of the show, the British Celebrity Apprentice seasons consist of two teams competing in one task, which is spread across two episodes. All money is donated to Comic Relief. Young Apprentice. Young Apprentice, first titled as Junior Apprentice, was a spin-off series which ran between 2010 and 2012. It had a similar format to the original show, with the winner having £25,000 invested in their future.
Adam Munro (born November 12, 1982) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender that currently plays for HC TWK Innsbruck of the EBEL. Career. Before playing in the NHL, Munro played 4 years with the Erie Otters and 1 season with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the OHL. He was drafted with the 29th overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. He played 17 games with the Blackhawks and spent most of his time with their-then AHL affiliate team, Norfolk Admirals. In 2006, Munro was signed as a free agent by HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League A. He played a season with them and returned to North America to play for the Columbus Blue Jackets' AHL affiliate, Syracuse Crunch. He played 25 games for them and then played for the Toronto Maple Leafs' AHL affiliate, Toronto Marlies. After playing 40 games with the Marlies between two seasons, Munro left North America again to play for HC Sibir Novosibirsk of the KHL. Munro would play 4 games in the KHL and 1 season in the Elite.A with SG Cortina before heading to the EBEL. In the EBEL, he has also played 2 seasons with Alba Volán Székesfehérvár.