ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Admiral Sir Charles Howe Fremantle GCB RN (2 June 1800 – 25 May 1869) was a British Royal Navy officer. The city of Fremantle in Western Australia is named after him. Fremantle was the son of Admiral Thomas Fremantle, a friend of Nelson. His mother was Elizabeth, the diarist. He was a nephew of William Henry Fremantle. His elder brother was Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe. His middle name, Howe, is because his birth date was the anniversary of Lord Howe's victory over the French on the Glorious First of June in 1794. He joined the Royal Navy in 1812. Fremantle was charged with raping a 15-year-old girl in April 1826. To avoid a scandal, his family paid off witnesses and put pressure on the judge. In August 1826 he was promoted to captain. In 1828 he was given command of the 26-gun frigate HMS "Challenger", and sent to claim the west coast of Australia for the United Kingdom. Career. HMS "Challenger" left the Cape of Good Hope on 20 March 1829. It arrived in Cockburn Sound on 2 May, and Fremantle went ashore at Garden Island. One week later, Fremantle raised the British flag at the mouth of the Swan River and claimed Western Australia for King George IV. The new lieutenant governor James Stirling arrived in Cockburn Sound on 2 June on the "Parmelia", bring 69 new settlers. They planned to start a colony at the Swan River in Western Australia. On 8 June they were joined by 56 officers and men from the HMS "Sulphur". On 17 June, Stirling read out loud a legal document which supported Fremantle's earlier proclamation. This was the beginning of the history of Western Australia as a British colony, and later as a state of federal Australia. Fremantle left the Swan River Colony on 25 August 1829, for the British Army base of Trincomalee, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) where he
The Carcharodontosauridae were a family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. They are a clade in the Carnosauria. Carcharodontosaurids included three of the most famous land predators ever known to science: "Giganotosaurus, Eocarcharia" and Concavenator. All of these predators were smaller than the more popular "Tyrannosaurus" in size. Evolution. Together with the spinosaurids, carcharodontosaurids were the largest predators in the early and middle Cretaceous throughout Gondwana. They were also in North America, and Asia. Lesser-known carcharodontosaurs included "Carcharodontosaurus" and "Acrocanthosaurus". Their ages range from 127 to 93 million years ago (mya). After that, they may have been replaced by the smaller abelisaurids in Gondwana and by tyrannosaurids in North America and Asia. If so, this faunal replacement occurred on a global scale. However, some theropod teeth discovered in the late Cretaceous of Brazil, as well as a fragment of right maxilla appear to belong to carcharodontosaurids. This suggests the group survived until the latest Cretaceous. In December 2011, Oliver Rauhut described a new genus and species of carcharodontosaurid from the Upper Jurassic during the late Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian, about 154150 mya of southeastern Tanzania.
Awasa (sometimes spelled Awassa or Hawassa) is a city in Ethiopia. It is on the shores of Lake Awasa in the Great Rift Valley. The city is the capital of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region. It is on the Trans-African Highway 4 to Cairo-Cape Town. It has 165,275 people (2012). The city was once the capital of the Sidamo Province from 1978 to 1995; when the 1995 Constitution was adopted and the province was abolished. The city also has Hawassa University, which was created in 1999. 194 members of the Sidama Liberation Movement were arrested and held in Awasa prison in September 1994. The chairman fled to the United Kingdom after someone tried to assassinate him.
The Stenian is the last geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.2 billion years ago, and ended at 1 billion years ago. Before it was the Ectasian. It is followed by the Tonian. The supercontinent Rodinia began forming in this period. Fossils of the first known sexually-reproducing eukaryotes are found at the end of the previous period in the Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Nunavut, Canada. This period includes the Keweenawan Age at about 1100 mya.
The Ectasian is the second geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.4 billion years ago and ended at 1.2 billion years ago. The Ectasian came after the Calymmian and before the Stenian. This period shows for the first evidence of sexual reproduction. The 1.2 billion-year-old Hunting Formation on Somerset Island, Canada, is from the end of the Ectasian. It has the microfossils of the multicellular filaments of "Bangiomorpha pubescens" (a type of red algae). This was the first organism that had sexual reproduction.
The Calymmian is the first geological period in the Mesoproterozoic. It began 1.6 billion years ago and ended at 1.4 billion years ago. In the period new land was formed. The supercontinent Columbia broke up during the Calymmian about 1.5 billion years ago.
The Statherian is the last geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic. It began 1.8 billion years ago and ended at 1.6 billion years ago.  The period is marked by new land. The supercontinent Columbia formed at the beginning of this period.
The Orosirian is the third geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic. It began 2.05 billion years ago (bya) and ended at 1.8 bya.  The latter half of the period was a time of mountain-building on nearly all continents. It was the time when the supercontinent Columbia began to form. Two of the largest known impact events on Earth happened during the Orosirian. At the beginning of the period, 2023 million years ago (mya), a large asteroid hit the earth and created the Vredefort impact structure. The event that created the Sudbury Basin structure happened near the end of the period about 1850 mya.
The Rhyacian is the second geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic that began 2.3 billion years ago, and ended at 2.05 billion years ago. Before it was the Siderian It is followed by the Orosirian. The Huronian (Makganyene) global glaciation began at the start of the Rhyacian. It lasted until 2200 million years ago. The first known eukaryotes began to evolve in the Rhyacian period. The multicellular Francevillian Group Fossils, at 2.1-Gyr-old are from the Rhyacian period, as well as the enigmatic fossil "Diskagma".
Brandon Pirri (born April 10, 1991, in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). Before he played in the NHL, Pirri played in the Ontario Junior Hockey League for the Streetsville Derbys and the Georgetown Raiders. He also played at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the ECAC Hockey conference. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 59th overall pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. He spends most of his time with the Blackhawks AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. On March 2, 2014, the Blackhawks traded Pirri to the Florida Panthers for a 2014 3rd round pick and a 2016 5th round pick.
The Siderian is the first geological period in the Palaeoproterozoic that began 2.5 billion years ago, and ended at 2.3 billion years ago. Before it was the Neoarchaean It is followed by the Rhyacian. Banded iron formations (BIFs) became very abundant early this period. BIFs were formed as anaerobic algae produced waste oxygen that combined with iron, forming magnetite (Fe3O4, an iron oxide). This process cleared iron from the oceans, presumably turning greenish seas clear. Eventually, without an oxygen sink in the oceans, the process created the oxygen-rich atmosphere of today. This event is known as the oxygen catastrophe, which according to some geologists triggered the Huronian glaciation. The Huronian glaciation took place in the Siderian between 2400 Mya and 2300 Mya.
Shawn Beauchamp-Lalonde (born March 14, 1990, in Orleans, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Before he played in the NHL, Lalonde played 4 seasons in the Ontario Hockey League for the Belleville Bulls. He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 68th overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He spends most of his time with the Blackhawks AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played his first game in the NHL for the Blackhawks on April 14, 2011 in a game against the St. Louis Blues. On July 24, 2013, Lalonde left the Blackhawks to join Eisbären Berlin of the DEL.
Christopher John "Chris" Tarrant (born 10 October 1946) is a British radio and television personality. He is best known as the presenter of the British version of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?." He presented the show from 1998 to 2014. He was born on 10 October 1946 in Reading, Berkshire, England.  As the presenter of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", he was known for using catchphrases such as "But we don't want to give you that!" and "Is that your final answer?" during the show. "Is that your final answer?" was a catchphrase that became a part of the "Millionaire" franchise.
The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005 was the third Junior Eurovision Song Contest for young singers aged 8 to 15. On 26 November 2005, the contest was held at the Ethias Arena in Hasselt, Belgium. It was broadcast live in a joint effort by the national broadcasters Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT) and Radio télévision belge de la communauté française (RTBF), together with the European Broadcasting Union. Belgium won the right to hold the contest over five other countries including Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) of Croatia and AVRO of the Netherlands. Marcel Vanthilt and Maureen Louys hosted the event.  Voting structure. Televote 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points. The presenters started off by giving all contestants 12 points. Score sheet. 12 points. Below is a summary of all 12 points received:
The Neoarchaean (Neoarchean) is the last geological era in the Archaean eon. It began 2.8 billion years ago and ended 2.5 billion years ago. Before the Neoarchaean era was the Mesoarchaean era and before the Palaeoproterozoic. Oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved in this era. This led to an oxygen catastrophe in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It was caused by a poisonous buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere. This was created by oxygen-producing photoautotrophs that evolved in the Neoarchaean. The supercontinent Kenorland formed during this period, about 2.7 billion years ago.
The Mesoarchaean (Mesoarchean) is the third geological era in the Archaean eon. It began 3.2 billion years ago, and ended 2.8 billion years ago. Before the Mesoarchaean era was the Palaeoarchaean era. After the Mesoarchaean era was the Neoarchaean. Fossils from Australia show that stromatolites have lived on Earth since the Mesoarchaean. The Pongola glaciation occurred 2.9 billion years ago. The first supercontinent Vaalbara broke up during this time, around 3.2 billion years ago. The second supercontinent Ur existed during this era, 3.1 billion years ago.
The Palaeoarchaean (Paleoarchean) is the second geological era in the Archaean eon. It began 3.6 billion years ago and ended 3.2 billion years ago. Before it was the Eoarchaean and after it was the Mesoarchaean.  The name comes from the Greek word "palaios". "Palaios" means "ancient". The oldest fossil life forms are cyanobacteria found in strata 3.46 billion years old. These rocks are in Western Australia.  The first supercontinent, Vaalbara, formed during this period.
The Eoarchaean (Eoarchean) is the first geological era in the Archaean eon that began 4 billion years ago, and ended 3.6 billion years ago. Before it was the Hadean It is followed by the Palaeoarchaean.  The Eoarchaean is the earliest period of geology after the solidification of Earth's crust. The abiotic origins of life (abiogenesis) have been dated to a time window from 4 to 3.6 billion years ago when atmospheric pressure values ranged from 100 to 10 bar. Chronology. It was formerly officially unnamed and usually referred to as the first part of the "Early Archaean" (now an obsolete name) together with the later Palaeoarchaean Era. It is the first part of the Archaean Eon, preceded by the Hadean Eon. The Eoarchaean was followed by the Palaeoarchaean Era. The name comes from two Greek words: "eos" (dawn) and "archaios" (ancient). The 1st supercontinent Vaalbara appeared around the end of this period around 3.6 billion years ago. Geology. A characteristic of the Eoarchean is that Earth possessed a firm crust for the first time. However, this crust may have been incomplete at many sites and areas of lava may have existed at the surface. The beginning of the Eoarchaean is characterized by heavy asteroid bombardment within the inner solar system: the Late Heavy Bombardment. The Eoarchaean is the first phase of our planet from which solid rock formations survived. The largest is the Isua greenstone belt at the southwest coast of Greenland. It appeared during the Eoarchaean around 3.8 billion years ago. The Acasta Gneiss within the Canadian Shield have been dated to be 4.03 Ga and are therefore the oldest preserved rock formations. In 2008 another rock formation was discovered in the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in northern Québec in Canada which has been dated to be 4.28 Ga. These formations are presently under intense investigation. Earth's oceans formed 3.8 billion years ago.
James Edward Narz (February 26, 1927 – October 7, 2020), known professionally as Tom Kennedy, was an American television personality. He was best known for his work in game shows. He was the younger brother of game show host Jack Narz. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. Kennedy hosted many game shows over his lifetime. His most successful shows were "You Don't Say!" (aired on NBC from 1963-1969 and on ABC in 1975), "Split Second" (1972-1975), "Name That Tune" (1974-1981), and "Password Plus" (1980-1982; took over for original host Allen Ludden after Ludden's death). He also hosted other shows such as "Whew!" (1979-1980), "Body Language" (1984-1986), and a syndicated version of "The Price is Right" (1985-1986). He retired in 1989. Kennedy died on October 7, 2020 in Oxnard, California at the age of 93.
The climate of California varies widely from desert to alpine depending on latitude, elevation and how close the area is to the coast. That's not all, because for much of its length, it has a range of mountains on its Eastern side. Most of the coastal and southern parts of the state have a Mediterranean climate with somewhat rainy winters and dry summers. The deserts in the south of the state have very hot summers and mild winters. Parts of the south have a dry steppe climate, for example San Diego. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) averages from 19812010,  California is the 13th warmest state in the United States with the average annual temperature of 58.4 °F (14.7 °C)  Temperature range. Northwest California has rainy cool winters and dry summers with temperatures in the summers in the upper 60s to the upper 70s.  The Central Valley has a semi-arid climate with temperatures in the winter sometimes at nights fall below 30 °F (–1.1 °C) and at daytime rises above 80 °F (26.7 °C) with summers being from 80 °F (26.7 °C) to 100 °F (38 °C) at day.  The desert areas in southern California have a hot and very dry climate with precipitation in some areas below 5 inches (127 mm) a year. Temperatures are mild in southern California's desert in the winter and temps can range from 60°F (15.5 °C) to 80°F (26.7 °C) at daytime with nights being chilly with temperatures ranging from 35°F (1.7 °C) to 50°F (10 °C). Temperatures are usually very hot during the day in desert places like Needles, San Bernardino and Palm Springs in the summer with daytime temperatures being from 105°F (40.5 °C) to 120°F (48°C) sometimes reaching above 120 °F (48 °C) and with nights being from 75°F (23.9 °C) to 90°F (32.2 °C).  The
Jack Warden (John Warden Lebzelter; September 18, 1920 – July 19, 2006) was an American actor. He won an Emmy Award in 1976 for his role in "Brian's Song". He also starred in the 1976 movie "All the President's Men". Warden was born on September 18, 1920 in Newark, New Jersey. He is of Dutch-Irish ancestry. Warden was raised in Louisville, Kentucky. He was married to Vanda Dupre from 1958 until his death in 2006. They had one son, Christopher. Warden died on July 19, 2006 from renal failure in New York City, New York, aged 85.
Wallace Maynard Cox (December 6, 1924 – February 15, 1973) was an American comedian and actor. He is known for being the voice of Underdog in the animated series "Underdog". He is also known for his role in "Mr. Peepers". He was close friends with actor Marlon Brando. Cox was born on December 6, 1924 in Detroit, Michigan. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Cox studied at Denby High School, at the City College of New York, and at New York University.  He was married to Marilyn Gennaro from 1954 until they divorced. Then he was married to Milagros Tirado from 1963 until they divorced in 1963. Then he was married to Patricia Tiernan from 1969 until his death in 1973. Cox had a daughter from his first marriage and legally adopted Tirado's daughter from her first marriage. Cox died on February 15, 1973 in Hollywood, California after suffering a heart attack, aged 48. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered at Death Valley and in Tahiti.
Ira Stadlen (January 16, 1924 – April 18, 2010) or Allen Swift, was an American actor and painter. He is known for playing "Simon Bar Sinister" and "Riff-Raff" on the "Underdog" cartoon show. Biography. Swift was born on January 16, 1924 in New York City, New York. He was married to Lenore Loveman until his death in 2010. They had three children. Swift died on April 18, 2010 in New York City, New York from heart failure, aged 86.
Eugene Merril "Gene" Deitch (August 8, 1924 – April 16, 2020) was an American illustrator, animator and film director. His movie "Munro" won an Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1961. It was the first short made outside of the United States to receive an Oscar. Deitch was born in Chicago, Illinois. He has three sons: Kim, Simon, and Seth. They are artists and writers for comics. Deitch was married to Zdenka Deitch. Deitch died in Prague on April 16, 2020 of bowel obstruction, at the age of 95.
Benjamin Crowninshield "Ben" Bradlee (August 26, 1921 – October 21, 2014) was a vice president at-large of "The Washington Post". He was executive editor of the "Post" from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the presidency of Richard Nixon, when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. Bradlee was born on August 26, 1921 in Boston, Massachusetts. He is of English descent. He studied at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and at Harvard University. Bradlee was married three times; two of the marriages ended in divorce. His last wife, Sally Quinn worked for the "Washington Post". Bradlee had four children. In late September 2014, Bradlee entered at hospice care in Washington, D.C. due to declining health as a result of Alzheimer's disease. He died on October 21, 2014, at the age of 93, at his home in Washington, D.C.. His funeral was held on October 29 at the Washington National Cathedral.
Harry M. Rosenfeld (August 12, 1929 – July 16, 2021) was an American newspaper editor who was the editor in charge of local news at The Washington Post during the Watergate scandal. He was born in Berlin. He oversaw the newspaper's coverage of Watergate and resisted efforts by the paper's national reporters to take over the story. Though Post editor-in-chief Benjamin C. Bradlee gets most of the credit, managing editor Howard Simons and Rosenfeld worked most closely with reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on developing the story. Rosenfeld died on July 16, 2021, at his home in Slingerlands, New York from COVID-19 related problems, aged 91.
Howard Simons (June 3, 1929 – June 13, 1989) was the managing editor of the Washington Post at the time of the Watergate scandal, and later curator of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University. Simons was born on June 3, 1929 in Albany, New York. He studied at Union College. Simons died on June 13, 1989 from pancreatic cancer in Washington, D.C., aged 60.
Edwin Thomas "Ed" Shaughnessy (January 9, 1929 – May 24, 2013) was an American singer of swing music, and bebop drummer who was associated with The Tonight Show Band that appeared on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and grew up in New York City. Shaughnessy was married to Ilene Woods. He died on May 24, 2013, aged 84.
William Mark Felt, Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008) or W. Mark Felt was an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), who retired as the Bureau's Associate Director in 1973. After denying his involvement with reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein for 30 years, Felt revealed himself to be the Watergate scandal's whistleblower, "Deep Throat" on May 31, 2005. Felt was born on August 17, 1913 in Twin Falls, Idaho. He studied at the University of Idaho. Felt was married to Audrey Robinson from 1938 until her death in 1984. They had two children. Felt died on December 18, 2008 in Santa Rosa, California from heart failure, aged 95.
Thomas Nast (September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon". He helped create Uncle Sam and the elephant symbol for the Republican Party and the donkey symbol for the Democratic Party. Targets included Tammany Hall. Early life. Nast was born on September 27, 1840 in Landau, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Confederation. He spent his adulthood in New York City, New York.  Career. Nast began working for Harper's Weekly in 1859. He was married to Sarah Edwards from 1861 until his death in 1902. They had five children. Death. Nast died on December 7, 1902 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from complications of a yellow fever, aged 62.
Sir Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah (born Hussein Abdi Kahin; 23 March 1983 Gabiley, Somalia). is a retired English long-distance runner. Some believe he is one of the greatest runners of all time, because he won ten global championship gold medals (four Olympic and six World titles). The medals have made him the most successful male track distance runner ever, and he is the most successful British track athlete in modern Olympic Games history. Farah spent his early childhood living in Somaliland and Djibouti. He was illegally taken to the United Kingdom at age 9. He lives in both London and Portland, Oregon, US (United States).  In the 2012 Olympics he won gold in the 10,000 metres and the 5,000 metres and in the 2011 World Championships, he won gold in the 5,000 meters and silver in the 10,000 meters. He won the 5,000 m and 10,000 m again at the 2012 World Championship in Moscow.
Australia's Next Top Model, Cycle 7 is the seventh season of "Australia's Next Top Model". It began airing on August 2011. This cycle includes 16 contestants. The winner was 17-year-old Montana Cox from Melbourne. Contestants. Top 16 ("Finalists") Episodes. Episode 1 "casting episode" Episode 2 Episode 3 Episode 4 Episode 5 Episode 6 Episode 7 Episode 8 Episode 9 Episode 10 Episode 11 Episode 12 "recap episode" Episode 13
Morgan le Fay (, meaning "Morgan the Fairy"), also called Morgaine, Morgan or Morgana, is a powerful sorceress in the Arthurian legend. She was King Arthur’s half-sister and enemy. In some legends she is said to have borne Arthur's child, Mordred.  Morgan le Fay is said to have been quite powerful. She hated King Arthur even though he was her half-brother. (She is also said to have wiped out most of the Templar Knights). She is one of the main antagonists of the Grey Griffins book series. She is also an important charcter in the well-known television series "Merlin" on BBC IPlayer