ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist. Wilkins was born in New Zealand to a family from Dublin. When he was six, he moved to Birmingham. His research contributed to the understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, light microscopy and X-ray crystallography.  He worked on the development of radar during World War II, and was a member of the Manhattan Project.  He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA.  In recognition of this work, he, Francis Crick and James Watson were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". His obituary provides extensive information on the topics mentioned here. Wilkins was the Assistant Director of the Biophysics Unit at Kings College, and responsible for work on the structure of DNA. Wilkins and a graduate student, Raymond Gosling, got the first X-ray diffraction photos of DNA in 1950. He introduced Francis Crick to the importance of DNA, and hired Rosalind Franklin on a three-year grant. Franklin made progress with the crystallography, and produced some better photographs of the structure.  In 1953 Watson visited King's, and Crick got sight of a progress report. This report included useful information from Franklin about features of DNA she had deduced from her X-ray diffraction data. Watson and Crick published their proposed DNA double helix structure in a paper in the journal "Nature" in April 1953. In this paper Watson and Crick acknowledged that they had been "stimulated by... the unpublished results and ideas" of Wilkins and Franklin. By this time Franklin was suffering from cancer of the ovary. She died in 1958, which explains why she was not included in the 1962 Nobel Prize. A controversy exists as to the relative contributions of her and Wilkins.
Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 in Solingen – 31 May 1962 in ) was an important SS officer in Nazi Germany. Eichmann played a key role in planning the Holocaust (which killed 6 million Jews and millions of others between 1941-1945).  He was executed for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Ramla, Israel on 1 June 1962, at the age of 56. Early life. On 19 March 1906 Eichmann was born in Solingen, Prussia, in the German Empire. Seven years later, his family moved to Linz in Austria-Hungary.  On 1 April 1932, he joined both the Austrian Nazi Party and the Austrian Branch of the National Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP).  Two years later, he also joined the Schutzstaffel (SS), a Nazi paramilitary organization led by Heinrich Himmler and deputy head Reinhard Heydrich.  Career in the SS. Eichmann reached the rank of SS- (which was equal to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the German Army). He led the Jewish Department of the Reich Main Security Office ("Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Referat IV B4").  Senior Nazi officials, including Reinhard Heydrich, gave Eichmann the power to plan the logistics of the "Final Solution to the Jewish question." Berenbaum (2024) writes: "[A]lthough it was not yet generally known that the “final solution” was mass execution, Eichmann had in effect been named chief executioner. Thereupon he organized the identification, assembly [gathering together], and transportation of Jews from all over occupied Europe to their final destinations at Auschwitz and other extermination camps in German-occupied Poland." Escape and capture. Eichmann escaped Germany after World War II ended. In 1960 the Mossad (the Israeli secret service) located him living with his wife in Argentina. Mossad agents kidnapped Eichmann and took him back to Israel so he could be put on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity.  An Israeli court found
Gordon Allan "Phat" Wilson (December 29, 1895 – July 26, 1970) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey forward who won the Allan Cup three times as a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats. Seen as one of the top amateur players of his time, Wilson was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963. Hockey career. A native of Port Arthur, Ontario, Wilson did not even know how to skate when he joined the town's church league in 1914. Serving as a substitute, he improved his skating enough that he earned a full-time role on his team the following year and played two seasons of junior hockey before joining the Port Arthur War Veterans senior team at the age of 18. Wilson moved to Iroquois Falls, Ontario, for a season to play in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) in 1921–22 before returning to Port Arthur a year later to play for the Port Arthur Bearcats. He was a top player in the NOHA, leading Port Arthur to an Allan Cup championship in 1925 as Canada's national senior champions. Wilson and the Bearcats repeated as champions the following year and won a third Allan Cup in 1929. Professional teams took note of his play; teams from Calgary, Edmonton and Toronto all offered him but he declined, preferring to remain in his hometown. He was an outstanding offensive defenceman who won several scoring titles during his career. He retired as a player in 1932 at the age of 37 and took on the dual role of coach and manager of the Bearcats. In recognition of his career in Port Arthur, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1982. Off the ice. In addition to hockey, Wilson played baseball and served as a volunteer and executive in both sports. He was named the first president of Port Arthur's little league when it was founded in 1952 and helped found the community's girls hockey league, serving also as a coach and referee.
Benedict Francis Woit (January 7, 1928 – December 7, 2016) was a National Hockey League defenceman of the 1950s. Playing career. Woit made his presence known as a junior while playing for the Port Arthur Flyers and Bruins of the TBJHL and the St. Mike's Majors of the OHA. He began playing for the Indianapolis Capitals of the AHL for the 1948–49 season. The Detroit Red Wings promoted him in 1951, and his defensive play would help them secure the Stanley Cup in 1952, 54, and 55. Woit was traded to Chicago Black Hawks following the 1954–55 season but never produced as he did with the Red Wings. He went on to play in the AHL and later the EHL, for the Clinton Comets as both a player and a successful head coach. In 334 NHL games Benny Woit recorded 7 goals and 26 assists for 33 points.
Microsoft TechNet is a website owned by Microsoft, as source for information, news and events for IT professionals. There is also a paid magazine called "TechNet Magazine". TechNet used to be restricted to paying customers. Now the website is free, with extra possibilities for paying customers.
Tom Araya (born Tomás Enrique Araya June 6, 1961 in Viña del Mar, Chile) is an Chilean-American musician, best known as the bassist and vocalist of the American thrash metal band Slayer. Araya is ranked fifty-eighth by "Hit Parader" on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time. Araya was employed as a respiratory therapist in the early 1980s and used his earnings to finance Slayer's debut album "Show No Mercy". Much of Araya's lyrical content is about serial killers, a subject he finds interesting, first making his lyrical contribution to 1985's "Hell Awaits" with the track "At Dawn They Sleep".
Jakob Jantscher (8 January 1989 in Graz) is an Austrian footballer, he plays as midfielder for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. Career. He started his career at SC Unterpremstätten und LUV Graz and than, at the age of 14, he moved to SK Sturm Graz. On October 20, 2007 he made his first match for the first squad versus F. C. Red Bull Salzburg. His first goal was against SC Altach on November 24, 2007. With SK Sturm he won the Austrian Cup in 2010. 2010 he went to F. C. Red Bull Salzburg. In the 2010/11 season he had 22 matches and shot 4 goals and gave one assist. Team. He has played 23 times for the Austrian national team. His debut in the senior team was on June 6, 2009 in the qualifying match for World Championship 2010 versus Serbia. His first goal was in a friendly match versus Spain, where he scored the only goal for Austria. (1 - 5)
Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev (; born 19 March 1949 in Ust-Usa, Soviet Union) is a well-known Russian and formerly Soviet singer and actor. Valery Leontiev began his career in Soviet times, and actively continues to this day. He has recorded more than 30 albums.
Andrew Neiderman (born 1940) is an American novelist. He became a "ghostwriter" for V. C. Andrews after she died. Her estate hired him to complete the "Casteel" series of books and continue her unfinished stories. Andrew Neiderman is also the author of "The Devil's Advocate," which was made into a movie, and wrote the libretto for a live musical adaptation of "The Devil's Advocate". He is currently (as of 2011) developing a new script with revised music and lyrics. He is the screenwriter of the movie based on the "Rain" series published as V. C. Andrews' novels. Six of Neiderman's own novels have been adapted into movies also. As of January 2011, Andrew Neiderman has written 100 published novels, between the V. C. Andrews books and the books published with his name.
A ghostwriter is a professional writer whose published work is credited to another person. One famous ghostwriter is Andrew Neiderman. He was hired by the estate of V. C. Andrews, who died in 1986. Niederman completed the "Casteel" series of books and continues writing books credited to Andrews. Ghostwriters are paid a fee to help write the autobiographies of celebrities, athletes and politicians. They also help write letters, song lyrics, magazine and news articles that get published under someone else's name.
Dasypogonaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists are the plants involved were usually included in the family Ashphodelaceae. The family is native to Australia, and contains 16 species in four genera.
Classical liberalism is a type of liberalism. It is a belief in economics and a political ideology. It is about civil and economic freedom.  Classical liberals believe in a small government, and believe that people will be ruled mostly by natural law. They believe that people have inalienable rights, which is to say rights that cannot be taken away. They also believe in a free market and property rights.  Notable people who developed classical liberalism during the 18th and 19th century are Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and Thomas Jefferson. More recently, in the mid-20th century, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman were in favor. Many of the beliefs of classical liberalism are similar to those of libertarianism, in addition to some forms of conservatism.
Safeway, Inc. is the third-largest supermarket chain in North America. The company has around 198,000 employees worldwide. In some of the Safeway stores, they have fuel stations where they allow customers to use a phone number or club (loyalty) card to receive fuel savings. Safeway stores also have a Safeway ATM Network. The name "Safeway" came from a contest that was held in 1925 to develop a name for the store and Safeway was chosen. Safeway has stores in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, West Germany, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays from extremely energetic explosions. They have been seen in distant galaxies. They are the most luminous electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe. Bursts can last from milliseconds to several minutes, although a typical burst lasts a few seconds. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived 'afterglow' emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared and radio waves). Most GRBs are a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova, as a huge rapidly spinning star collapses to form a black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the 'short' bursts) seem to come from a different process, perhaps the merger of binary neutron stars. The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth. This suggests the explosions are extremely energetic: a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10 billion year lifetime. They are very rare (a few per galaxy per million years). All observed GRBs have come from outside the Milky Way galaxy. Similar phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been suggested that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way could cause a mass extinction on Earth. No such case is known. History. Gamma-ray bursts were first observed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Vela satellites, which were built to detect gamma radiation pulses emitted by nuclear weapons tested in space. On July 2, 1967, at 14:19 UTC, the Vela 4 and Vela 3 satellites detected a flash of gamma radiation unlike any known nuclear weapons signature. Uncertain what had happened but not considering the matter particularly urgent, the team at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory filed the data away for investigation. By analyzing the different arrival times of the bursts as detected by different satellites, the team was able to determine rough estimates for the sky positions of sixteen bursts12-16 and definitively rule out a terrestrial or solar origin. The discovery was published in 1973. Long gamma-ray bursts. Most observed events last longer than two seconds and are classified
Philosophy of religion is a branch of philosophy. Religions, and religious beliefs can manifest themselves in different ways. Philosophy of religion looks into explaining certain answers to questions of religion using understanding. It is also looks into different ways religions are practiced and their importance for the everyday lives of the people practicing them. Other domains of it include criticism and analysis of religious texts using philosophy of language.  According to Winfried Löffler, philiosphers of religion can be grouped as follows. Many of the philosophers mentioned belong to more than one group: Philosophy of religion also looks at more practical matters like defining the features that make up a religion. There are two main schools of thought. The one called Essentialist says that all religions have a common"essence". The following have been proposed: The problem with this is that using only these definitions leas to a common "philiosphy of religion" that is harly usable for studies. The other approach (called "functional") tries to counter this: Rather than trying to get an "abstract idea" of religion, it looks at the use or function religion has in the live of people or societies. Among the things mentioned are that religions help keep a psychological equilibrium and that they provide a certain amount of stability to a society. Thinkers with this opion include Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Bronisław Malinowski and Talcott Parsons. Critics of these theories say that such explanations often go against common sense, as religions can also have the popposite effect to that mentioned. Other topics include arguments for the existence of God, the problem of evil, divine attributes and the relationship between science and religion. Important philosophers of religion include Thomas Aquinas, Augustine and Alvin Plantinga. Philosophers of religion can be religious or non-religious
The rough-skinned newt ("Taricha granulosa") is a North American newt known for its strong poison.  Juveniles live on land for four or five years after metamorphosis. Adults are amphibious, and live in water and on land. Eggs are laid in water. They can be found especially after there has been a lot of rain. Toxicity. Many newts make toxin in their skin to avoid predation, but the rough-skinned newt is especially poisonous. Toxicity is generally experienced only if the newt feels threatened, although sometimes skin irritation can be experienced after touching it.  The toxin that the rough-skinned newt makes can either paralyze or kill a human. Recently, a drunk 29-year-old man in Coos Bay, Oregon, died after swallowing a rough-skinned newt for a dare. Toxin resistance. Throughout much of the newt’s range, the common garter snake ("Thamnophis sirtalis") is resistant to the newt's toxin. In several populations, these snakes successfully prey upon the newts. Toxin resistant garter snakes are the only known animals today that can eat a "T. granulosa" newt and survive. This is an example of co-evolution. The snake’s resistance to the toxin has resulted in a selective pressure that favours newts which produce more potent levels of toxin. Increases in newt toxicity then apply a selective pressure favouring snakes with mutations conferring even greater resistance.  This cycle of a predator and prey co-evolving is sometimes called an evolutionary arms race. In this case it results in the newts producing levels of toxin far in excess of what is needed to kill any other conceivable predator. Warning colouration. Toxic animals usually warn predators that they are not good food. There's no point in being toxic unless it helps survival and reproduction. The underside of these newts is vividly coloured a yellow-orange. When a threat appears, the newt curls up its tail and lifts its head to show the warning colour. This can be seen in photographs. Location. Habitats of rough-skinned newts are found throughout the west coast of the United States and British Columbia. The southern range extends to California and the northern in Alaska.
SV Mattersburg was an Austrian football club from Mattersburg, Burgenland. History. Football came to Mattersburg in 1912 through students from Vienna who played there in their sparetime. The input for forming a football club came from the Sieberer family, which came to Mattersburg from Vienna. Their sons had already played in Viennese football clubs. The SV Mattersburg was founded on Juny, 10th 1922. The club plays since the 2003/04 season in the Austrian Bundesliga, the highst division of Austrian football. The most successful season was 2006/07 reaching the 3rd place. In this year also 4 players of SV Mattersburg have played in the national team (Cem Atan, Michael Mörz, Christian Fuchs,Jürgen Patocka) Mattersburg was declared bankrupt in August 2020 after their main sponsor, Commerzialbank Mattersburg im Burgenland was closed down following an financial scandal. To continue with the youth football the club was newly founded under the name Mattersburger Sportverein 2020. Since the 2021-22 season they play in the 2. Klasse Mitte Burgenland, the lowest class.
There was a blizzard in Mid December 2009 in the northeast. The blizzard dumped heavy snow and strong winds. of snow fell on Washington D.C.. History. The storm formed on December 16 in Texas with heavy rain. On December 17, the heavy rain moved NE towards the Northeast and by the evening of December 17 it was in North Carolina. On December 18, the rain turned to snow and was in Virginia in the morning, and in Maryland in the evening. By the night of December 18, it was in Delaware. On December 19 it raced across New jersey, and hit NYC. Blizzard warnings and winter storm warnings have been put in action. Then it moved towards Connecticut and Massachusetts. By December 20, the blizzard wasn't from Maine to Canada and then dissipated over sea. Impact. North Carolina. North Carolina saw mostly heavy rain from the storm, but some of it saw very heavy snow, near-blizzard and even blizzard conditions. Greensboro saw of snow after heavy rain. Virginia. Virginia saw mainly heavy snow except for the South and the coastline. to of snow fell on Richmond. Washington saw of snow and was the hot spot for the blizzard. Maryland. Maryland saw heavy snow and a blizzard. The blizzard dumped over of snow on Cambridge, and Ocean city, on the immediate coast saw several inches of drenching rain and even thunderstorms. Delaware. Delaware saw heavy snow and a blizzard. The blizzard dumped to of snow on Dover. The immediate coast saw rain. The blizzard made rally a lot of heavy snow and strong winds on Delaware. New Jersey. New Jersey saw a blizzard from the storm. There was heavy snow and strong winds. There were of snow in Camden, and only to in Milford. There was rain in Atlantic City, and Cape May. New York City. New York City saw heavy snow and a blizzard. There were about of snow in NYC. There was some sleet in Bay ridge for a very short moment, and even some light rain The rest of the Northeast. The rest of the Northeast saw also heavy snow, and parts saw a blizzard. Connecticut saw from to of snow in the South, to to of snow in the Northwest. Massachusetts also saw from 0.2 to 0.7 inches in the Northwest, to to in the South. Maine and Canada also saw similar amounts with sleet and freezing rain near the immediate coast.
Jill Scott (born April 4, 1972) is an American poet, actress, soul and R&amp;B singer and songwriter. She is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Scott has recorded three albums. She has also acted in some movies and television series. These include "Hounddog", "Why Did I Get Married?" and "The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency".
Heythrop College is a philosophy and theology college that is part of the University of London. It was started in 1614 in Leuven in Belgium by the Society of Jesus but moved to Stonyhurst in England due to persecution of Catholics. The college offers undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in philosophy, theology, religious studies and psychology. It became part of the University of London in 1971. It moved to Kensington in 1993.
In mosaic evolution some characters in a transitional form are basal, while others are remarkably advanced. Apparently, evolutionary change takes place rapidly in some body parts or systems without simultaneous changes in other parts. Another definition is the "evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species".408 Its place in evolutionary theory comes under long-term trends or macroevolution. Evolution from a basal (early) form to a derived (later) form takes place in stages. Modules (groups of characters) change semi-independently of each other. They change at different times, so producing a mosaic of primitive and derived traits. These changes play a leading role in major evolutionary transitions. It may involve speciations producing a series of species, only a few of which would be found as fossils. By its very nature, the evidence for this idea comes mainly from palaeontology. It is not claimed that this pattern is universal, but it is common. There are now a wide range of examples from many different taxa. Examples. A famous case re-examined. Huxley had pointed out that "Archaeopteryx" was a mixture of reptile and bird features. Without the feathers and arms, its skeleton looked just like that of "Compsognathus". We now know its bone growth physiology was much slower than modern birds, and more like that of its dinosaur ancestors. This means it would take longer after hatching before it could fly. A modern precocial bird takes for 3–6 weeks from hatching to flying. In "Archaeopteryx" this milestone might have taken about 18 weeks. It might have taken two to three years to reach its final adult size. The evolution of the physiology of modern forms occurred later in the group's history. They have had over 140 million years to evolve since "Archaeopteryx". Background. It has long been known that changes in the genes which control development cause changes in the final adult animal. Recent work shows how master control systems in development ('homeoboxes') can organise selective changes in different parts of an organism. This is what underlies mosaic evolution.