ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
This is a list of the biggest tectonic plates on Earth. Including small ones, there are about a hundred tectonic plates. These are only the Primary plates. These seven plates make up most of the seven continents, and the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Secondary plates. These plates are generally shown on major plate maps, with the exception of the Arabian and Indian plates, which are smaller than the others. Tertiary plates. These are parts of major plates, and bits and pieces of ancient plates that became broken up.
Anarchism is a radically revolutionary idea that says no one should be forced into any kind of hierarchy. For example, anarchism says that the government is harmful and not needed. However, that does not mean no form of order should exist. Municipalities and autonomy are familiar terms in Anarchism It also says that people's actions should never be forced by other people. Anarchism is also a and is called a libertarian type of socialism. It is not a political stance. The word "anarchism" is from the Greek word "αναρχία", which means "no rulers" or "no government". But that does not have to to mean no rules at all. People often use the word "anarchy" to mean chaos and crime. But anarchists usually do not want this. They say anarchy is just a way of relations between people. They believe that, once put into place, these relations work on their own. Anarchists are usually opposed by the systems they wish to remove. Principles. Individual freedom, voluntary association, and being against the state are important beliefs of anarchism. There are also big differences between anarchist philosophies on things like whether violence can be used to bring about anarchy; the best type of economy; the relationship between technology and hierarchy; the idea of equality; and the usefulness of some organization. The word "authority" is not clear, but anarchists are not against some types of authority (e.g. the authority of someone skilled in self-defence over someone that wants to learn self-defence), they are only against control by force.
The list of countries by area is the list of the world's countries and their territories by total area. The inputs are realized according to the ISO 3166 standard which includes sovereign states and dependent territories. The 193 Members of the United Nations and the two observer states are numbered. Countries which enjoy limited recognition forming part of the international community and not found in ISO 3166 are also included in the list, but their areas also generally count with the areas of other widely recognized states which claim the following territory. The areas claimed by individual countries, such as the areas of Antarctica, are not realized as well. The list doesn't include supranational entities such as the European Union. The entry includes three subfields: Make sure that there are many country size comparisons which would not match all these countries area. The areas that appear in the table for each country are taken from the United Nations Statistics Division unless otherwise noted. Graphical charts. The following charts are based on the CIA World Factbook, of which these charts will show how big is the area. For the love of god, sovereign states are green while territories are grey. Territorial claims in Antarctica are not shown. Other websites. "CIA World Factbook"
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continents.  Transcontinental countries are listed only once, in the continent in which the United Nations groups member states. In some cases, it is not obvious which continent a country should be listed in. For example, Cyprus is geographically part of Asia but culturally more a part of Europe. Russia's capital is in Europe but most of its land area is in Asia. The United Nations groups Georgia with Eastern European states, even though both its capital and almost all of its land area are in Asia, and it is most often categorized as an Asian country. Africa. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area, accounting for about a fifth of the world's land. With 1.3 billion people as of 2018, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. It is surrounded by large areas of water. There are 54 fully recognized and independent countries in Africa, and 14.7% (1.216 billion) of the world's population lives there. It is thought to be the continent where the first humans evolved. Asia. Asia is the largest and most populous continent and is a continent in the seven continent system. Asia consists of forty-nine countries as per the United Nations along with many other highly autonomous regions and disputed areas that are often generalised as countries of their own. The 46 countries are: Europe. Europe is the second smallest continent, but the third most populous. It is a continent in the seven continent system. In other systems, it is part of Asia, Eurasia or Eurafrasia. Below is the list of fully sovereign or de facto countries that are indisputably either entirely or partially situated within Europe. The 47 countries are: North America. North America is the third largest continent and the fourth most populous. It is a continent in the 7 continents system, consisting of 23 countries, which are: South America. South America is the fourth largest continent and fifth most populous. It is a continent in the seven continent system. In other systems, it is part of The Americas. There are 12 countries. Oceania. The countries (16 total) are listed below according to their UN classification:
This is a list of countries and dependencies by population. It includes sovereign states, inhabited dependent territories and in some cases, constituent countries of sovereign states, with the list being primarily based on the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. For instance the United Kingdom is considered a single entity. In addition this list also includes certain unrecognized states not found in ISO 3166. The number shows how many people live in each country. Countries with the most people are at the top of the list. Countries with the fewest people are at the bottom. Method. Figures based on our charts are estimates or projections taken from our national census, where national data are available. Where national data are not available, figures are based on the population estimates of the United Nations. Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom are counted as part of the sovereign state concerned. Not included in the list are organizations such as the NATO. Other territories that are marked with an asterisk (*) are territories that do not have permanent population, such as the British Indian Ocean Territory or United States Minor Outlying Islands. Sovereign states and dependencies by population. Note: All 193 Members of the United Nations plus the two observer states are assigned a numbered rank. Dependent territories or constituent countries that are parts of sovereign states are not assigned a numbered rank. In addition, sovereign states with limited recognition are also included, but not assigned a number rank. References. e Notes
This page contains a list of the first 120 prime numbers. It also contains lists of the first few prime numbers of different kinds. List of Mersenne primes. 3, 7, 31, 127, 8191, 131071, 524287, 2147483647, 2305843009213693951 List of Fermat primes. As of 2003, these are the only known Fermat primes. 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537 List of Sophie Germain primes. 2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131, 173, 179, 191, 233, 239, 251, 281, 293, 359, 419, 431, 443, 491, 509, 593, 641, 653, 659, 683, 719, 743, 761, 809, 911, 953 List of Wilson primes. As of 2003, these are the only known Wilson primes. 5, 13, 563 List of Wolstenholme primes. As of 2003, these are the only known Wolstenholme primes. 16843, 2124679 List of. 2, 3, 5, 7, 23, 719, 5039, 39916801, 479001599, 87178291199 List of primorial primes. 5, 7, 29, 31, 211, 2309, 2311, 30029 List of palindromic primes (Up to 100,000). 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151, 181, 191, 313, 353, 373, 383, 727, 757, 787, 797, 919, 929, 10301, 10501, 10601, 11311,
µCLinux is an operating system for small computers inside integrated circuits (chips). The system is based on the Linux operating system in many ways. Apart from the rather big size of Linux, µCLinux is much smaller and not as packed with features as Linux. It finds uses in many places, mostly dealing with sensor and data-gathering of different sorts. Thanks to its compact nature, it can easily be transferred over slow connections. Yet it is a stable and robust system distributed as an open source program.
UNIX is a computer operating system. It was first developed in 1969 at Bell Labs. Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and others created it. They used assembly language to write it. In 1972, the Unix code was rewritten with the new C programming language. The Unix operating system is a multiuser and multiprocessing system. This means it can run several applications programs at the same time, for more than one user at the same time. It also is able to operate well in a network of computers. Computer security is also important in Unix, because many people can have access to it, both by using a computer directly or over a network. Many ideas in Unix were new. Other operating systems copied them. Today, there are many operating systems that have some of the ideas of Unix in them. For this reason, some people talk about a "Unix philosophy" of doing things. Linux is one of these systems with many of the Unix ideas in it. Linux does not use code from UNIX. Linux only shares some of the ideas and the names of commands. So, Linux is not a UNIX operating system. Instead it is called "Unix-like". There can be many different users in a Unix and Unix-like operating system. Most of them have a personal area where they can put things. This is called a user account. One way of using a Unix system is with the command line interface. Users run commands and programs by typing text characters. This takes time to learn, but it is a very powerful and flexible way of working. It is still used by most Unix administrators. These commands are run in a shell, which can change slightly between one system and another. A graphical user interface (GUI) is the other method. The X Window System is a very common GUI for Unix systems. The X Window System is only a shell of a graphical interface. It has many protocols. The X Window System itself does not let the user to move and resize windows. Users need a window manager or desktop manager to do that. Some of the popular desktop and window managers are: Like most other graphical user interfaces, they use windows, dialog boxes, support the use of a computer mouse, and are
A signature is a special way that people write their name to let others know that they understand or approve of something that was written. A signature is often used to sign a contract, a cheque, a petition or a treaty. When it comes to signature's there are many ways to write a signature, and signatures may look different depending on your location. In the United States, many people have a signature which is made from writing their name in their own handwriting, often in cursive. Some signatures may be written in a different style than normal writing, which may make it difficult to read. Some people practice autographs, or fancy signatures that are hard to copy.  Hundreds of years ago some people used sealing wax to make a copy of their signet rings next to or instead of a signature. This was called their "seal. This is where the term "seal of approval" comes from. Some formal documents still use an official wax seal, such as a coat of arms. Types of signatures. Wet signature:- A wet signature, ink signature, or wet ink signature is the physical marking a person makes to sign their name on a physical document, usually with a pen. Wet signatures are the most common kind of signatures and have been used for centuries as a unique marking to indicate agreement and prevent fraud. Physical signatures have been used since 3500 B.C. in the form of seals, but it was in the 1600s when signatures written on paper became widely used and legally valid. Although wet signatures can be forged by skilled people, they were the norm until the beginning of the 21st century, when online signatures started to become legally binding. Electronic signature or E-signature:- Software programmes allow an electronic representation of a signature to be used that's been created by the software. Digital signature:- A digital signature is a signature created by the authoriser such as copying, pasting and embedding a copy of their signature or a signature created using a stylus pen.
Cocoa is the seed of the cacao tree. The seed contains a lot of fat and is used to produce cocoa butter. Cocoa butter is then used to produce chocolate. The cocoa which is used to make chocolate is a fine powder. History. Chocolate and cocoa are made from the beans of the cacao tree. The tree might have first come from the foothills of the Andes Mountains near the Amazon River and the Orinoco River in South America. The tree was brought to Central America by the ancient Mayas, and was grown in Mexico by the Toltecs and later by the Aztecs. Cocoa was an important product in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. People who told the story of the conquest of Mexico by Hernán Cortés said that when Moctezuma II, emperor of the Aztecs, ate dinner he took no other drink than chocolate, served in a golden goblet and eaten with a golden spoon. Flavored with vanilla and spices, his chocolate was whipped into a froth that dissolved in the mouth. No less than 50 pitchers of the drink were prepared for the emperor each day, and 2000 more for nobles of his court. Chocolate was brought to Europe by the Spaniards and became a popular drink by 1700. They also brought the cacao tree to the West Indies and the Philippines. It was used in alchemical processes, where it was known as Black Bean. The cacao plant was first given its name by Swedish natural scientist Carl von Linné (1707-1778), who called it "theobroma cacao" or "food of the gods". Harvesting. A pod has a rough leathery rind about 3 cm (1¼ inch) thick. It is filled with slimy pinkish pulp, sweet but inedible, enclosing from 30 to 50 large almond-like seeds or "beans" that are fairly soft and pinkish or purplish in color. As soon as they ripen, the pods are removed with a curved knife on a long pole, opened with a machete, and left to dry until taken to fermentation. Then the beans are removed and piled in
Ivory Coast or Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country in West Africa. The capital of Côte d'Ivoire is Yamoussoukro but its biggest city is Abidjan. Other cities can be found at List of cities in Côte d'Ivoire. Geography. It borders the Gulf of Guinea to the south and five other African nations. Liberia is to the southwest, Guinea to the northwest, Mali to the north-northwest, Burkina Faso to the north-northeast, and Ghana to the east. Districts. Ivory Coast is divided into 12 districts and 2 district-level cities. The districts were created in 2011. References. Notes
Luke McCormick (born 15 August 1983) is a former English football player. He was born in Coventry, England. He is a goalkeeper. He plays for the English football team Swindon Town. In the 2003–04 season, McCormick played when Romain Larrieu could not. Larrieu injured his knee. McCormick played instead. Plymouth Argyle beat Stockport County on 24 January 2004. The score was 2-0. In this match McCormick set a new club record of seven "clean sheets" in a row. A clean sheet is a game where the other side gets no goals. McCormick was voted the most promising player of the 2003–04 season by Plymouth Argyle fans. On 7 June 2008. McCormick was arrested on suspicion for killing two people by dangerous driving. Subsequently, he was released by Plymouth Arygle and was jailed for seven years on 6 October 2008. He was let out of prison in June 2012. Club career statistics. 140||0||8||0||7||0||155||0 140||0||8||0||7||0||155||0
The God paradox is an idea in philosophy. This idea is explained here: "If God is able to do anything, may this mean He is able to make a mountain heavier than He is able to lift?" This is a paradox because: If either outcome were considered true, then it is argued that God Almighty is actually not almighty. Answers to the God Paradox. The God paradox is a good example of a philosophical problem. This section has some answers to this paradox. One answer is that God could make it so he can't lift the mountain by his own choice. In other words, God can lift the unliftable mountain because he is all powerful, but he chooses not to be able to, and so he chooses to cut his own power, because he is able. God can also choose to not be able to create such a mountain. God is all powerful, so he can choose not to have the power to make an unliftable mountain. Simply said, God can cut his own power, but in so doing, he can still regain that power. It is a limbo, a state between not powerful and powerful, something that is not definable by our knowledge of what is possible or impossible. Because God is almighty, he surpasses our definitions of what he can and cannot do. God cannot. This answer says God is able to do only things less than God. If you say there exists a mountain that is "heavier than anybody is able to lift," then what you say is funny: it means nothing, because God is able to lift any mountain. This is because saying a mountain is "too heavy to lift" means this mountain cannot be lifted by anybody. This does not mean that God is too weak to lift very heavy mountains. God cannot lift an "unliftable" mountain because that would not make sense. He also cannot create an "unliftable" mountain because that also would not make sense, if God can lift everything. God could still lift any mountain that is not defined as "cannot be lifted." For example, God can make a mountain as heavy as he wants, but he cannot make a round square. Logic. In logic, problems can often
Libertarianism is a political stance generally known as about the idea of individual liberties, responsibility/self-ownership, and free choice. It says the government should have less control over the lives of its citizens and should let them be responsible for themselves without the involvement of the government. It is based on the idea of maximum liberty. They also believe not everything has to have the government involved. They believe people should be free to do as they please unless it harms another person. Libertarianism can be a kind of centre politics. Many of its beliefs come from classical liberalism. This usually means supporting a capitalist economy but with far more liberal freedoms, like a free market. This is different from left-wing libertarianism or more right-wing types. But many libertarians do not believe in left vs. right politics. Libertarianism also has roots in anarchism, direct democracy, and the Austrian School of economics. Some libertarians are part of the sovereign citizen movement. Individual rights. Libertarians believe that no person can justly own or control the body of another person, what they call ‘self-ownership’ or ’individual sovereignty.’ In simple words, every person has a right to control their own body. In the 19th century, United States libertarians like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Lysander Spooner were all abolitionists. Abolitionists were people who wanted to end slavery right away. Garrison based his opposition to slavery on the idea of self-ownership. Since you have a natural right to control your own body, no one else has any right to steal that control from you. Garrison and Douglass both called slave masters ‘man stealers.’ Stopping violence. If you have a right to control your own body, then no one has a right to start violence (or force) against you. Some libertarians believe that all violence is unjust. These libertarians are often called "anarcho-pacifists". Robert LeFevre was a libertarian who rejected all violence. However, most libertarians believe that there are some ways violence can be justified. The libertarian Murray N. Rothbard said that it would be wrong to kill someone for stealing a pack of chewing gum. If you
An auction is a method by which goods or services can be sold and bought. In an auction, the price of an item is not fixed in advance. People wanting to buy the item say how much they are willing to pay for it. This is called their "bid". In each round, the bids are evaluated. If certain criteria are met, the auction is stopped and one bidder will buy the item at the specified price. Alternatively, the auction can continue for another round. If certain conditions are met, the auction will stop, and the item will not be sold. There are different kinds of auctions, with different rules. Auctions usually happen within a given timeframe. When the time expires, the bid that best matches will win, or the item will not be sold. There are companies that specialize in doing auctions. These companies will charge fees for doing the auction; they may also get a commission that depends on the price the item is sold at. Auctions can be done online, or they can be done offline. Sometimes, bids are placed by telephone, or over the internet. Most common kinds of auction. The most common kinds of auction are: The mechanisms why auctions work. Auctions work because of information asymmetry: The seller wants to sell at the highest possible price, and the buyers want to pay as little as possible.But the seller does not know the prices the buyers are willing to pay: Setting a price that is too hight means that there will be no sale, setting a price that is too low means that there will be less profit. Each buyer knows how much he is willing to pay, but does not know the price the other buyers are willing to pay. So buyers influence each other. The theory that models these phenomena is called auction theory. It is based on game theory and microeconomics.
Hong Kong (; , , literally "Fragrant Port"), officially The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of The People's Republic of China, is one of two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (the other is Macau).  It is one of the richest and most developed parts in the world, and one where the cost of living is one of the highest. Hong Kong grew quickly in the decades after World War II, becoming a famous world-class financial centre. Hong Kong was one of the last territories of the British Empire until 1997, when United Kingdom handed it over to China. China then promised to grant it special status for 50 years. The population of Hong Kong is over seven million. The economy has rapidly grown from a trading port to a very rich city. Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers in the world. Hong Kong is divided into 3 main parts: Hong Kong was a British colony from 1842 to 1997 as China surrendered the city after losing the Second Opium War. After the handover in 1997, Hong Kong became under Chinese control under special status. Hong Kong has its own constitution that is different from that of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Climate. Hong Kong is in a sub-tropical area, and has monsoon winds. It is cool and wet in winter (January-March), hot and rainy from spring through summer (April-September), and warm, sunny and dry in the autumn (October-December). The rainy season is from May until September. In summer and early autumn, there is a frequent threat of typhoons. Population and language. The population of Hong Kong reached 7.5 million (7,503,100) in 2023. Most of the people in Hong Kong are Chinese. Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. It has an overall population density of 6,300 people per square kilometre. Hong Kong has one of the world’s lowest birth rates — 1.05 per woman at an age of being capable to give birth as of 2019. This is far below the rate needed to replace each person