ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. NK cells provide a rapid response to cells infected by viruses, or to bacterial cells. The response happens about 3 days after infection. NK cells also respond to tumour formation.  NK cells are unique: they have the ability to recognise stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This allows for a much faster immune reaction. In early experiments in cancer patients and animals, investigators found what was called a "natural" reactivity. That is, a certain population of cells seemed to be able to kill tumour cells without previously being sensitized to them. At first many thought that these observations were artifacts. However, by 1973, 'natural killing' activity was established across a wide variety of species, and the existence of a separate line of cells with this ability was suggested. Function. To control their cytotoxic activity, NK cells have two types of surface receptors: activating receptors and inhibitory receptors. When the NK cell is activated, it destroys the cells which have switched it on.  Small granules in their cytoplasm contain proteins and enzymes called granzymes. They are released close to a cell which has triggered their action. A protein "perforin" forms pores in the cell membrane of the target cell, creating a channel through which enzymes and other molecules can enter. This kills the target cell. The details vary according to whether the target is a virus, a bacterium or a tumour cell. Hypothesis. These inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules, which could explain why NK cells kill cells with low levels of MHC class I molecules. This inhibition is crucial to the role played by NK cells. MHC class I molecules are main way cells display viral or tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells. A common evolutionary adaptation to this seen in both intracellular microbes and tumours is a long-term down-regulation of these MHC I molecules. This makes the cells impervious to T-cell action. NK cells may have evolved as an evolutionary response: the loss of MHC would deprive these cells of the inhib
Charles Fleischer (born August 27, 1950) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known as the voice of Roger Rabbit in the "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" franchise. From December 2010 to September 2011, Fleischer hosted his own web show called "Fleischer's Universe" on Ustream.tv. Early life. Fleischer was born and raised in Washington, D.C. on August 27, 1950. He attended Southampton College of Long Island University, and studied acting at Chicago's Goodman Theatre.
Cartoon Network Central &amp; Eastern Europe is the Czech-Hungarian-Romanian feed of Cartoon Network. The Cartoon Network broadcasts cartoons and sometimes television programs.
The Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP; ) is Canada's oldest non-partisan public policy think tank. The IRPP seeks to improve public policy in Canada. IRPP supports research and debate. History. IRPP was founded in 1972 in Montreal.
Hospitality is about people welcoming other people into their homes or other places where they work or spend their time. People who welcome visitors are called hosts. The people they welcome are called guests. The word "hospitality" comes from the Latin "hospes", which came from the word "hostis", which originally meant "to have power." Hospitality is all about the art of entertaining or receiving guests. We talk about "offering hospitality". There are many different ideas about how to offer hospitality according to the various cultures in the world. In the past, many societies taught us, that it is always right to offer hospitality to strangers who came to their door in need of food or shelter. This may seem a strange act to many of us today, but it was an important way to survive in many societies, especially in lands (where people travelled long distances, often far away from large towns). The words hospital, hospice, and hostel also come from the word "hospitality". They are all about giving personal care to people who are away from their homes. The hospitality industry is service industry that includes hotel and restaurant workers.
Grand Teton National Park is a national park in the United States. It is south of Yellowstone National Park. Both of these parks are in Wyoming. The park's namesake mountain, Grand Teton, is popular for mountain climbing.
In the Herero and Namaqua Genocide (1904-1907), soldiers of the German Empire killed and displaced tens of thousands of Herero and Nama people during the scramble for Africa. This happened in what is today called Namibia. At the time, the area was part of a colony called German South West Africa. The Herero and Nama were ethnic groups that were indigenous to this area. Historians think this was the first genocide of the 20th century. It is also an example of an ethnic cleansing. The genocide. On January 12, 1904, the Herero people, led by Samuel Maharero, rebelled against German colonial rule. They were defeated that August by German general Lothar von Trotha at the Battle of Waterberg. German soldiers drove the Herero into the desert of Omaheke, and did not allow them to return home. The Herero were now refugees. Most of them died in the desert from thirst (dehydration).  Similar things happened to the Nama people when they rebelled against the Germans in October 1904. Deaths. Between 24,000 and 100,000 Herero died in the genocide; so did 10,000 Nama. Many people died from starvation and thirst because people who fled the violence were not allowed to go back to their homes in the Namib Desert.  Some sources claim that the German colonial army regularly poisoned desert wells. After the genocide. According to the United Nations' 1985 Whitaker Report, this was an attempt to kill all Herero and Nama people: one of the first genocides in the 20th century.  In 2004 the German government admitted that the Herero and Namaqua genocide happened, and they apologized. However, they did not give any compensation to the victims' relatives.
Stubby Kaye (November 11, 1918 – December 14, 1997) was an American actor and comedian. Early life. Kaye was born Bernard Kotzin in New York City, New York on November 11, 1918. He was raised in Far Rockaway, Queens and in The Bronx.
Taraji P. Henson (born September 11, 1970) is an American actress. She has been in many movies. She played Shug in the movie "Hustle and Flow". She later played Queenie in "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button". She also played Katherine Johnson in the movie "Hidden Figures". Henson was born in Washington, D.C..
Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls (born 7 June 1974) is an English-Irish adventurer. He has been the Chief Scout since 2009. He climbed Mount Everest when he was 23. He broke the record for the youngest British person to climb the mountain. Grylls has been in many television programmes.  Grylls was born in London and grew up in Donaghadee, County Down and Bembridge, Isle of Wight. He was educated at Eton College and Birkbeck, University of London. He served in the S.A.S. and is a Christian. His wife is Shara Cannings Knight and his parents are the late Conservative MP Sir Michael Grylls and Lady Grylls (she is of Irish origin).
Baek Ah-yeon (Hangul : 백아연, born on March 11, 1993) is a South Korean solo singer-songwriter who debuted under JYP Entertainment. She is known as the third finalist of South Korea's talent show, "K-Pop Star". Biography. A-yeon was born on March 11, 1993. She was one of a popular talent show contestants, "K-Pop Star" which the judges were the "big three" (SM, YG, JYP). She studied at the Department of Practical Music at Howon University.
The Huronian glaciation (or Makganyene glaciation) lasted from 2400 million years ago (mya) to 2100 mya, during the Paleoproterozoic era.  The glaciation was named after evidence recovered from the Lake Huron region in North America. There, three separate horizons of glacial deposits are separated by non-glacial sediment. This was one of the most severe and longest ice ages in geologic history. It was similar to the Snowball Earth ice ages that happened later, in the Neoproterozoic era.  The glaciations were probably triggered by the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), which removed atmospheric methane (a greenhouse gas), and eventually supplied free oxygen to the atmosphere. The alternate warm and ice age periods was probably caused by a repeating cycle. Cyanobacteria flourished in the warm periods, producing huge amounts of oxygen. The oxygen removed the free methane, and used up carbon dioxide. This caused the temperature to crash. This slowed down the bacteria. So the temperature rose again. However, it is also possible that there was a 250 million year lull in volcanic activity, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels and so reduced greenhouse effect.
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Philippine nationalist. He was a leader of the Katipunan, a Philippine independence movement organization. He was President of the Philippine revolutionary government from 1897 to 1901. Early life and career. Aguinaldo was born in Kawit, Cavite belonging to a very political family. His father, for example, was gobernadorcillo and so was his older brother, Crisopulo.  Because of political influence within the family, Aguinaldo would later pursue to become "cabeza de barangay" in his hometown of Kawit. He then became "Capitan Municipal". The Katipunan and Magdalo. He joined the Katipunan in 1895 during his service as Capitan Municipal of Kawit.  After the start of the revolution in Cavite, two revolutionary governments became very influential inside the region. These are the Magdalo leadership and the Magdiwang leadership. The Magdalo leadership was under the guidance of Baldomero Aguinaldo, Aguinaldo's cousin. Because the two governments dislike each other, Andres Bonifacio, the leader of Katipunan, wanted them to become close friends. During the "Tejeros Convention", a meeting was held to unite two governments. An election was also held so that they will have a president for the new revolutionary government. After the election, Emilio won to become the new leader but was disliked by Andres Bonifacio. According to Daniel Tirona, Aguinaldo was the right leader for the new government because he graduated as a lawyer unlike Bonifacio.
Robert "King" Moody (December 6, 1929 - February 7, 2001) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Ronald McDonald in McDonald's commercials from 1969 until his retirement from the role in 1985. Early life. Moody was born Robert Moody in New York City, New York on December 6, 1929. Career. Ronald McDonald character. From the 1970s to the 1980s, he played Ronald McDonald for the McDonald's commercials. After his retirement in 1985, he was replaced by Squire Fridell. Death. On February 7, 2001, Moody died at the age of 71.
Mimi Kennedy (born September 25 1948) is a movie and television program actress. She is especially notable for acting in the situation comedy "Dharma &amp; Greg". She acted in the movie "Erin Brockovich.
A wax tablet is what the Roman schools used instead of paper. They used a stylus to write with. The wax melted when warm, but was quite smooth when it set. Wax tablets could also be used for messages, but ink on wood was more permanent (see Vindolanda). The Romans also used ink on manuscripts, and could stitch the manuscripts together to make a codex. The earliest surviving example of a writing tablet dates to the later Bronze Age, 1400 BC. A boxwood writing tablet with an ivory hinge was found in 1986, in the remains of a shipwreck, the Uluburun Shipwreck, near Kaş, Turkey.
Brian George (born 1 July 1952) is a Canadian actor. He plays the father of Rajesh Koothrappali on "The Big Bang Theory". Recently, he voiced Alfred Pennyworth in "" (2016). George was born in Jerusalem in 1952, moved to London next year and to Canada in 1966.
Douglas Jackson (December 12, 1924 – April 26, 1980) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender for the Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League during the 1947–48 NHL season and played in six games. From 1944 to 1945, Jackson served with the Canadian Army in World War II.
Missak Manouchian (1 September 1906 – 21 February 1944) was a French-Armenian poet, a militant in the MOI ("Immigrant Workforce Movement") in the Paris region. He was 37 years old when executed by the Nazis for his Résistance work. Although Manouchian became well known for his leadership in the French Resistance, he was, above all, an intellectual and a talented poet. Manouchian was posthumously awarded by the Legion of Honor highest order. In 2009 Robert Guédiguian directed a film, "The Army of Crime", dedicated to Manouchian and his group.
Expo Tel Aviv (formerly the Israel Trade Fairs and Convention Center () and later the Tel Aviv Convention Center (), although commonly referred to locally as Ganei HaTaarucha ("Exhibition Gardens", ) and also as the Tel Aviv Fairgrounds) is a fairground and convention center in north Tel Aviv. It was first opened in 1932 as "Yarid HaMizrach" located at the site of the Levant Fair at Tel Aviv Port. The fairgrounds were moved to their present location at 101 Rokach Boulevard (near the Yarkon Park and Tel Aviv University) in 1959. It is also called , meaning: The Fair Gardens. In September 2018, it was rebranded as "EXPO Tel Aviv". The location hosts up to 2.5 million visitors and has between 45 and 60 major events annually. The fairground has ten halls and pavilions and a large outdoor space including an amusement park.
Kajol Devgan (née Mukherjee) (born 5 August 1974), better known as Kajol is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films. She has also appeared in two Tamil films. She has received six Filmfare Awards. In 2011, she was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award by the Government of India. Early life. Kajol is half Maharashtrian and half Bengali. She was born to actress Tanuja and film director and producer, Shomu Mukherjee. Her younger sister, Tanisha Mukherjee is also an actress. Her cousins, Rani Mukherjee, Sharbani Mukherjee and Mohnish Behl are also Bollywood actors. Career. She started her career at the age of seventeen. She started in her first movie in 1992 with the movie "Bekhudi" which failed to do well at the box office although this didn't affect her career. A year later in 1993, she starred in "Baazigar" which was a box office hit. Since then, she has done many commercially successful movies which include "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge", "Karan Arjun", "Ishq", "Gupt", "Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya", "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai", "Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain", "Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham", "Fanaa", "My Name Is Khan, and Dilwale." Personal life. She is married to fellow actor, Ajay Devgn. They have a daughter and a son.
is one of three wards of the city of Shizuoka. The municipality was "Shimizu City" until it merged with Shizuoka in 2005. History. Shimizu developed around its good natural harbor.  In the Edo period, , , and were the 15-18th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations ("shuku-eki") along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. These four way-stations were in the area of modern Shimizu. Geography. Shimizu is located on the coast of Suruga Bay of the Pacific Ocean.
Caroll Edwin Spinney (December 26, 1933 – December 8, 2019) was an American puppeteer, songwriter, radio host, and speaker. He was known for playing Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch on "Sesame Street". He announced his retirement from acting in October 2018, with his last performances airing on the show's 50th season special. Spinney died at his home in Woodstock, Connecticut, on December 8, 2019, at the age of 85. He had dystonia, a neurological disorder, at the time of his death.
Quinton Joseph Flynn (born October 10, 1964) is an American voice actor. Who has done many various voice roles in television shows, anime, films and video games. He is most notable for providing the English voices of video game characters. Right now, he is the new voice of Silver the Hedgehog.
George Segal, Jr. (February 13, 1934 – March 23, 2021) was an American movie, television, stage, voice actor, comedian, and musician who was known for his roles in; "Retired at 35", "Just Shoot Me!", "Who's Afraid of Virginia the Wolf", "The Quiller Memorandum", "Look Who's Talking", and "Fun with Dick and Jane". Segal won a Golden Globe Award in 1973. Early life. Segal was born on February 13, 1934 in Great Neck, New York and studied at George School, Haverford College, and at Columbia University.  Personal life. Segal was married to Marion Segal Freed from 1956 until they divorced in 1981. He later married Linda Rogoff from 1983 until her death in 1996. He was later married to Sonia Schultz Greenbaum 1996 until his death. He had two children with Freed. Segal died at a hospital in Santa Rosa, California on March 23, 2021 from problems caused by heart surgery, aged 87.
Richard Riehle (born May 12, 1948) is an American movie, television, voice, and stage actor who is known for his roles in "", "The Man from Earth", "Treasure Buddies", "Santa Buddies", "Office Space", and "Chillerama". He also voiced Bumi in the Nickelodeon animated series "The Legend of Korra". Riehle was born on May 12, 1948 in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin and studied at the University of Notre Dame and at the University of Minnesota.
Paul Benjamin "Ben" Mendelsohn (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian movie, television, stage and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Andrew "Pope" Cody in "Animal Kingdom", Russell in "Killing Them Softly", John Daggett in "The Dark Knight Rises", Orson Krennic in "Rogue One", King George VI in "Darkest Hour" and as Nolan Sorrento in "Ready Player One". Mendelsohn was born on 3 April 1969 in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married to Emma Forrest since 2012.
Squire Fridell (born February 9, 1943) is an American actor, best known for playing Ronald McDonald in the McDonald's commercials after King Moody's retirement. Early life. Fridell was born in Oakland, California on February 9, 1943. Career. Ronald McDonald character. After King Moody's retirement in 1984, Fridell was hired to replace him as Ronald McDonald in McDonald's commercials. He did this until 1991 when he was replaced by Jack Deopke.
Jorge B. Vargas (August 24, 1890 – February 22, 1980) was Philippine politician. He was Chairman of Philippine Executive Commission from 1942 to 1943. In January 30, 1936 he was Executive Secretary of Philippine Presidents Manuel Quezon. December 22, 1941 to January 23, 1942, he was Head of the Civilian Emergency Administration and Mayor of Manila. In 1941 he was appointed to Secretary of National Defense. He was also the first Filipino member of the International Olympic Committee. He was one of the charter members of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines in 1936. In 1949 he became the BSP's President and Chief Scout. He was in the position of National President until 1961. He became a member of the World Scout Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1951 to 1957.
Ray Russell Bentley (born November 25, 1960 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a former American football player and current football analyst for ESPN and ESPNU. Playing career. Bentley's first three years in professional football were with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League.  He later joined the Buffalo Bills. He played six seasons with the team. He was in their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s. Bentley's career ended with the Cincinnati Bengals in 1992. Broadcasting career. His broadcasting career includes: References.
Tim Ryan (born May 16, 1939 in Canada) is an American sportscaster. He lives in Ketchum, Idaho. Tim started his career at CFTO as an assistant sports director. While he worked there he called games for the Toronto Marlboros as well as the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Toronto Argonauts home games. In 1977, Ryan began working at CBS. There Ryan called games for the "NBA on CBS" from 1977–1983, "NFL on CBS" from 1977–1993, "College Football on CBS" from 1996–97, and college basketball from 1982–1998. He also called alpine skiing at the 1992, 1994 and 1998 Olympic Winter Games. From 1978–97, Ryan was a CBS tennis commentator. He called nineteen U.S. Open Tennis Championships. Ryan was also a lead boxing announcer during the 1970s and 1980s. Some notable fights Ryan called include Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier, Floyd Patterson vs. Oscar Bonavena, Monroe Brooks vs. Bruce Curry, Bernard Hopkins vs. Glen Johnson, and Thomas Hearns vs. Sugar Ray Leonard, In 1986, Ryan won the Sam Taub Award for Excellence in Broadcasting Journalism. In 1998 Ryan began to work for Fox and NBC. He covered NFL games and tennis for Fox and tennis, skiing, equestrian events, and boxing for NBC. From 2004-2006, Ryan called college football and tennis for ESPN. Ryan worked the 2000 Summer Olympics, 2002 Winter Olympics, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2006 Winter Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics, and the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Paul Kennedy is an American sportscaster and writer with Bally Sports Florida and FOX Sports. He has called games and hosted a variety of national and regional telecasts for more than 30 years primarily with FOX, ESPN, Sunshine Network, Fox Sports Florida, and Raycom Sports.  He currently hosts telecasts for the three time Stanley Cup Champion Tampa Bay Lightning, after serving in a similar role with the NBA Orlando Magic and MLB Florida Marlins. For 23 seasons he called Florida State football telecasts and other select sports for the Seminole program.  He also has called college basketball games for FSN and syndicated telecasts of SEC and ACC football and basketball. His National Football League resume includes three seasons with NFL Europe and select NFL On FOX action. Kennedy was the host of the Miami Dolphins Monday Night Magazine for six years and Bucs Diaries, showcasing Tampa Bay in its march to the Super Bowl.  Prior to his television assignments in Florida, Kennedy worked at the University of Alabama and was the first to serve as the radio play-by-voice for both Crimson Tide football and basketball as well as baseball.  A graduate of Virginia Tech, he began his collegiate career at the University of Richmond before working in marketing and media relations at Vanderbilt University.
Ronald Dwayne Pitts (born October 14, 1962) is a retired American football player. After he stopped playing football, he became a sportscaster. Pitts played defensive back for the Buffalo Bills and the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the UCLA Bruins. Pitts was drafted by the Bills in 1985. After retiring, he has worked as a sportscaster for Fox Sports on its NFL coverage. He has also been the host of "Destroyed in Seconds" and calls college football games for the Pac-12 Network. Pitts started color commentator and sideline reporting before doing play-by-play. He also provided color commentary for ABC College Football. Pitts hosted "Total Access" before NFL Network began using a program called "NFL Total Access". He also hosts "NFL Under the Helmet".