ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A torus (plural: tori or toruses) is a tube shape that looks like a doughnut or an inner tube. In geometry, a torus is made by rotating a circle in three dimensional space. To make a torus, the circle is rotated around a line (called the axis of rotation) that is in the same plane as the circle. Usually, the line does not touch the circle, so the torus has a hole through the center, and the torus is called a ring torus. For a ring torus, the axis of rotation passes through the center of the hole.  In topology, sizes don't matter, and a torus is any shape that has one hole through it.  The ring torus is the most well-known type of torus, but other types exist. If the line the circle rotates around is tangent to the circle, then it becomes a horn torus, and if it passes through the circle then it is a spindle torus. A toroid is a surface made by rotating any shape around a line, so a torus is one kind of toroid.  If the torus is filled to make a solid shape, it is called a solid torus. A solid torus is often simply called a torus. A solid torus is made by rotating a disk (a filled-in circle) around a line. Common objects that have the shape of a solid torus are a doughnut, a bagel and an O-ring. A ringette ring is torus-shaped. A torus is like a tube that is bent into a circle so it connects to itself. The radius of the tube or circle is called the "minor radius", written as formula_1. The distance from the center of the tube to the center of the torus is called the "major radius", written as formula_2.  The surface area of a torus is given by  formula_3. This area is the same as the area of a straight tube that has a radius formula_1 and length formula_5. The volume of a solid torus is given by  formula_6. This volume is the same as the volume of a straight rod that has a radius formula_1 and length formula_5.
Sitor Situmorang (October 2, 1923 – December 21, 2014) was an Indonesian poet, essayist and writer of short stories. Situmorang was born in Harianboho, North Sumatra. He was educated in Jakarta. He worked as a journalist and literary critic. Situmorang was known for his poem "Angkatan ’45" (The Generation of ’45). On December 21, 2014, he died at the age of 91 at his home in Apeldoorn, Netherlands.
Udo Jürgens (born Udo Jürgen Bockelmann, 30 September 1934 – 21 December 2014) was an Austrian composer and singer of popular music whose career spans over fifty years. He wrote more than 800 songs and sold over 100 million records. In 2007 he additionally obtained Swiss citizenship. He was known for his song "Reach for the Stars". and titular song called Vielen Dank für die Blumen the German language dub animated short series "Tom and Jerry". Jürgens died on 21 December 2014 in Münsterlingen, Switzerland from acute heart failure at the age of 80.
The 2004 Republican National Convention was the 2004 presidential nominating convention. It was for the Republican Party of the United States. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney won the presidential nomination at the convention. It took place from August 30 to September 2, 2004 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. A tribute for Ronald Reagan was shown at the convention.
John Anthony Panozzo (September 20, 1948 – July 16, 1996) was an American drummer. He was best known for his work with rock band Styx.  Career. Panozzo grew up in Chicago, Illinois. He had a fraternal twin brother, Chuck. At age 7, the twins took musical lessons from their uncle. John took an interest in drums and percussion. They attended Catholic school. They were part of a 3-piece accordion band in which John played drums and Chuck played guitar. They would play weddings at age 12 and were paid $15 apiece. Styx. In 1961 John, Chuck, and their neighbor, Dennis DeYoung, formed a band called the Tradewinds.John played drums, Chuck played guitar, and Dennis played the accordion and sang. They played at bars and began gaining popularity as a garage band on the South Side of Chicago. In 1968, Chuck switched to bass. They added guitarists/vocalists James "J.Y." Young and John Curulewski and changed the name of the band to TW4. The band signed to Wooden Nickel Records and changed their name to Styx. Death. By the early 1990s his health suffered from heavy drinking. He took a less active role with Styx. In 1996 he was replaced by Todd Sucherman for the reunion tour. He was found dead in his home a few days later. He died from cirrhosis of the liver.
The 1982 State of the Union Address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress. It was held on January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 40 minutes and 14 seconds. It had 5154 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Donald Riegle (MI), Senator James Sasser (TN), Rep. Albert Gore Jr. (TN), Senator Robert Byrd (W.Va), Senator Edward Kennedy (MA), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Senator Gary Hart (CO), Senator Paul Sarbanes (MD), Senator J. Bennett Johnston (LA), and Senator Alan Cranston (CA).
The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted about 46 minutes. It had 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Paul Tsongas (MA), Senator Bill Bradley (NJ), Senator Joe Biden (DE), Rep. Tom Daschle (SD), Rep. Barbara Kennelly (CT), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Rep. George Miller (CA), Rep. Les AuCoin (OR), Rep. Paul Simon (IL), Rep. Timothy Wirth (CO), and Rep. Bill Hefner (NC).
The 1984 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on January 25, 1984. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 43 minutes and 2 seconds and had 4931 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Joe Biden (DE), Sen. David Boren (OK), Senator Carl Levin (MI), Senator Max Baucus (MT), Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Claiborne Pell (RI), Senator Walter Huddleston (KY), Rep. Dante B. Fascell (FL), Rep. Tom Harkin (IA), Rep. William Gray (PA), House Speaker Thomas O’Neill (MA), and Rep. Barbara Boxer (CA).
The 1985 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 6, 1985 (Reagan's birthday). The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, and his fifth altogether.  He stated, "Our progress began not in Washington, DC, but in the hearts of our families, communities, workplaces, and voluntary groups which, together, are unleashing the invincible spirit of one great nation under God." He believed that volunteerism was a key element to the American community. The president proclaimed the Reagan Doctrine and talked about taxes, reducing the federal deficit and the Strategic Defense Initiative, among other things. The speech lasted about 40 minutes and had 4,955 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas, Governor Bob Graham of Florida and House Speaker Tip O'Neill.
The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Reagan was the only president to have postponed his State of the Union Address. On January 28, 1986, he planned to give his address, but after learning of the Space Shuttle "Challenger" disaster, he postponed it for a week and addressed the nation on the day's events. This was the only time that the State of the Union address had to be postponed because of an event. The speech lasted for about 31 minutes and had 3,514 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator George Mitchell (ME), Lt. Gov. Harriett Woods (MO), Gov. Charles Robb (VA), Rep. Thomas Daschle (SD) and Rep. William Gray (PA)
The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term.  Reagan said, "The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We are ready to support a political solution that guarantees the rapid withdrawal of all Soviet troops and genuine self-determination for the Afghan people." He ended with, "But now at length I have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting Sun." Well, you can bet it's rising because, my fellow citizens, America isn't finished. Her best days have just begun."  The speech lasted 34 minutes and 39 seconds and had 3847 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), and House Speaker Jim Wright (TX)
Billie Honor Whitelaw, CBE (6 June 1932 – 21 December 2014) was an English actress.  Whitelaw was born in Coventry and was raised in Bradford. She was known for working with Samuel Beckett. Whitelaw was known for her roles in "The Omen" and in "Hot Fuzz". Whitelaw died in Hampstead, London, England, aged 82.
The Polar Express is a 2004 American computer animated musical fantasy movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It was produced by Tom Hanks. It is based on the book, "The Polar Express". It stars Tom Hanks, Daryl Sabara, Eddie Deezen, Jimmy Bennett, Steven Tyler, Nona Gaye, and Michael Jeter. It was released on November 12, 2004. This also marks the final appearance of Michael Jeter, who died years before its release, and was dedicated to his memory.
Richard A. Dysart (March 30, 1929 – April 5, 2015) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Leland McKenzie on the NBC legal drama "L.A. Law". Dysart was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He won an Emmy Award in 1992. Dysart died at home in Santa Monica, California after a long illness, aged 86.
Michael Cimino ( ; February 3, 1939 – July 2, 2016) was an American movie director, screenwriter, producer and author. He was best known for directing, producing and co-writing the 1978 Academy Award-winning movie "The Deer Hunter", and for writing and directing 1980s financial failure "Heaven's Gate". Cimino was found dead of heart failure on July 2, 2016 in his bed Los Angeles, California, aged 77.
William David Friedkin (August 29, 1935 – August 7, 2023) was an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was best known for directing "The French Connection" in 1971 and "The Exorcist" in 1973. He won the Academy Award for Best Director.  Some of his other movie include "Sorcerer", "The Brink's Job", "Cruising", "Deal of the Century", "To Live and Die in L.A.", "Jade", "Rules of Engagement", "The Hunted", "Bug", and "Killer Joe". Friedkin died on August 7, 2023 at his home in Los Angeles, California from heart failure and pneumonia at the age of 87.
Trevor Peacock (19 May 1931 – 8 March 2021) was an English stage and television character actor. He also was a screenwriter and songwriter. He was known for his role as Jim Trott in the BBC comedy series "The Vicar of Dibley". Peacock was born in Tottenham, London, the son of Alexandria and Victor Edward Peacock. Peacock was diagnosed with dementia in 2009. He died from the disease on 8 March 2021 in London, aged 89.
SummerSlam (2007) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on August 26, 2007 at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the twentieth SummerSlam event held by the WWE.  The main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton and successfully defended his WWE Championship.
The term crested penguin is the common name of species of penguins of the genus Eudyptes. All are black and white penguins with yellow crests, red bills and eyes. They are found on subantarctic islands in the world's southern oceans. All lay two eggs, but raise only one young per breeding season. The first egg laid is much smaller than the second. Different experts disagree on how many species there are. They include the rockhopper penguins. A Chatham Islands species may have become extinct in the 19th century.
Pernilla Nina Elisabeth Wahlgren, born 24 December 1967 in Gustavsberg, Sweden, is a Swedish singer, actress and presenter. In 2004, she was awarded the Ulla Billquist Award. Her parents are actors Christina Schollin and Hans Wahlgren.
Bertil Werkström, born 9 June 1928 in Lund Cathedral Parish, Sweden, dead 10 July 2010 in Farsta Parish, Sweden was the Archbishop of Uppsala between 1983–1993. His wife was named Britta. Serving as Archbishop he supported ecumenism In international affairs he supported sanctions against the Apartheid rule in South Africa. In 1984 he also maintained that homosexuality was "against the orders of creation." In 1991, he visited Rome to commemorate the 600th anniversary of the canonization of Bridget of Sweden together with the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
Henrik Reuterdahl, born 11 September 1795 in Malmö, Sweden, died 28 June 1870 in Uppsala, Sweden was a Swedish Lutheran clergyman. He servred as the Church of Sweden archbishop of Uppsala from 1856, until his 1870 death.
Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen at a very low temperature. It is usually produced by a process known as fractional distillation of air. At atmospheric pressure (normal pressure) nitrogen boils at −196 °C (77 K; −321 °F). Nitrogen was first made into a liquid at Jagiellonian University on 15 April 1883. Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski were the first scientists to liquefy nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. During World War II the production of liquid nitrogen became common. This lowered the cost to produce it. After the war new uses were found for liquid gases. Liquid nitrogen became a major gas in the US. Uses. Liquid nitrogen has a variety of uses, as it is easy to transport, and compact.
Carl von Rosenstein, born Carl Aurivillius on 13 May 1766 in Uppsala, Sweden; dead 2 December 1836 at Brunna Mansion, Sweden was a Swedish Lutheran clergyman. He was the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala from 1819 to 1836. Before that he served as the Bishop of Linköping from 1809 to 1819. His family tree included scientists like Sven Magnus Aurivillius and Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius. The "von Rosenstein" name was his mother's family name and came through an adoption. His grandfather was Nils Rosén von Rosenstein, Uppsala University professor of medicine. In addition to being archbishop, he was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1809. From 1819, he was also a member of the Swedish Academy from 1819. He belonged to the Swedish nobility.
Nils Daniel Carl Bildt "(born 15 July 1949)" in Halmstad, Sweden, is a Swedish politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994. He was the leader of the Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999. He also served as Sweden's Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2014.
Stig Kjell Olof (Ola) Ullsten, (23 June 1931 in Umeå, Sweden – 28 May 2018) was a Swedish former politician and diplomat. He served as the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1978 to 1979 He was also the leader of the Liberal People's Party from 1978 to 1983. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister briefly in 1978 and then again from 1980 to 1982. He was also the Swedish foreign minister between 1979 and 1982. Ullsten died on 28 May 2018 at the age of 86.
Nils Edén, born 25 August 1871, dead 16 June 1945, was a Swedish historian and liberal politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1917 to 1920.
Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld, born 4 February 1862, dead 12 October 1953, was a Swedish politician, scholar, cabinet minister and Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 (first chamber). He served as the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917. In 1890, he married Agnes Almquist (1866–1940). The couple had four sons: , Åke, Sten and Dag.
Friherre Johan Gustaf Nils Samuel Akerhielm of Margaretelund (24 July 1833 - 2 April 1900) was a Swedish politician, baron and landowner. He was a member of the Swedish parliament twice, first from 1859 to 1866 and then again from 1870 to 1900. He was also Sweden's Minister of Finance from 1874 to 1875, and Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1889. Also, he served as Swedish Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891. He was married to Ulrika Gyldenstolpe in 1860. The couple had three children.
Gustaf V ("Oscar Gustaf Adolf"; 16 June 1858 – 29 October 1950) was a Swedish monarch. He was the King of Sweden from 1907 until his death in 1950.
Charles XV &amp; IV also Carl ("Carl Ludvig Eugen"); Swedish and Norwegian: "Karl", born 3 May 1826, dead 18 September 1872, was a Swedish monarch. He was the King of Sweden ("Charles XV") and Norway ("Charles IV") from 1859 until his death in 1872.
Oscar I (born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859) was a Swedish monarch. He was the King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 until his death in 1859.
Charles XIV &amp; III John, also Carl John, Swedish and Norwegian: C"arl Johan" (26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was a Swedish monarch. He was the King of Sweden (as "Charles XIV John") and King of Norway (as "Charles III John") from 1818 until his 1844 death. Before he became Swedish royalty, he had also been the Sovereign Prince of Pontecorvo from 1806 until 1810, but then stopped using that title.
Abdur Rahman Biswas (1 September 1926 – 3 November 2017) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the 11th President of Bangladesh during 1991 to 1996. He was elected as a representative to the East Pakistan Legislative Assembly in 1962 and 1965. Biswas died on 3 November 2017 at a hospital in Dhaka of respiratory failure, at the age of 91.
Charles XIII &amp; II also Carl, (born 7 October 1748 in Stockholm, Sweden, dead 5 February 1818) was a Swedish monarch. He was the King of Sweden (as "Charles XIII") from 1809 and King of Norway (as "Charles II") from 1814 until his 1818 death. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick II of Prussia. While known as King Charles XIII in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden.
Alberto Breccia (3 July 1946 – 1 December 2014) was a Uruguayan politician and lawyer. He served in the Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay representing the Broad Front party. Breccia was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. Breccia died in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 68.
Gustav IV Adolf or "Gustav IV Adolph" (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was a Swedish monarch. He was the King of Sweden from 1792 until he abdicated in 1809.
Gustav III ( – 29 March 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until he was shot to death in 1792. He was the eldest son of King Adolph Frederick and Queen Louise Ulrika, who was a sister of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia.
Fritz Sdunek (pronounced "free-ts zdoo-neck", April 18, 1947 – December 22, 2014) was a German professional boxing trainer and former amateur boxer. Sdunek was one of the most successful and famous boxing trainers. He trained, among others, such world champions as Wladimir and Vitali Klitschko and Dariusz Michalczewski. He was born in Lüssow, Germany. Sdunek died in Hamburg on December 22, 2014, at the age of 67.
Alan John Williams (14 October 1930 – 21 December 2014) was a British Labour Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Swansea West from 1964 to 2010. Williams was born in Caerphilly. He died in London at the age of 84 from a stroke on 21 December 2014.
Morteza Haj Seyed Ahmadi (‎; 1 November 1924 – 21 December 2014) was an Iranian actor, singer and writer. Ahmadi was known for his works in "Autobus", "Madrak-e Jorm" and "Khane-kharab". He was born in Tehran. Ahmadi died on 21 December 2014 at his private house in Tehran, aged 90.
Frank Wilson Truitt, Jr., (April 4, 1925 – December 21, 2014) was an American coach and a veteran of World War II. Truitt helped coach the Ohio State men's basketball team to the 1960 NCAA Championship. Truitt was born in Columbus, Ohio. Truitt died in Columbus, Ohio, aged 89.
Lim Xiaoqing, born 15 August 1967, is a retired female badminton player. Originally from China, she later moved to Sweden. She won three European Badminton Championships, one in the women's singles in 1994, and two in the women's doubles in 1992 and 1994. In 1995 she won the women's singles title at the All-England Championships. She then defeated Camilla Martin from Denmark in the final.
Jane Hope Bown CBE (13 March 1925 – 21 December 2014) was an English photographer who worked for "The Observer" newspaper from 1949. Her portraits have been very popular to many critics. Bown was born in Eastnor, Herefordshire. Bown died in London, aged 89.
Åke "Bajdoff" Johansson (19 March 1928 – 21 December 2014) was a Swedish football player. Johansson played as a center half in IFK Norrköping and capped 53 times for the national team between 1955-1965. Johansson became Swedish champion with his club 6 times (1952, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1962 and 1963), won Guldbollen 1957 and was a member of the silver winning team in 1958 FIFA World Cup but didn't appeared in the final. He also capped one time for the national team in ice hockey. He died after a brief illness, on 21 December 2014.
Stefan Borsch, born 19 January 1947 in Hagfors, Sweden, is a Swedish dansband singer. He originally sang for Öijwinds. From 1973, he sung for Vikingarna. After leaving Vikingarna, he began a solo career. He participated at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1985 with the song "Sjung din sång", which was knocked out in the first round. In parallel to his solo albums, he also sang with Anders Engbergs until 1988. In 1989, he begun to appeari with Spotlight, later appearing under the name Stefan Borsch orkester. Under that name, they released albums until the band breakup in 1993 . Between 11 February 1995 and 4 December 1999 he was a member of Keith Elwins orkester. before ending his musical carrier in 1999 On 3 July 2004, he made an appearance in the Arvika Park together with Vikingarna during the band's final appearance.
Ryan Shay, born May 4, 1979 – dead 3 November 3, 2007 was an US professional long-distance runner. He was born in Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA. He attended the University of Notre Dame. He was married to Alicia Craig, who was also an American distance runner. He won several USA championships titles.
Olle Jönsson, born 1 December 1955, is a Swedish singer for the dansband Lasse Stefanz. The band was awarded a Grammis in the "Dansband of the year" in 1989. Earlier, he was also the band's drummer, until a wrist operation. In January 2007, Gunnar Nilsson replaced him as the band's drummer instead. In November 2012, Olle Jönsson announced he would immediately leave the band. However, he reappeared on stage as the band's singer already the upcoming week.