ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Geocentrism is the belief that the Earth is fixed at the centre of the Universe. Geocentrists accept that the Earth is round. Before the 16th century, most people believed in the theory of geocentrism. From Earth, it looks like the Sun and stars are moving across the sky. The geocentric was the predominant description of the cosmos in many European ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle in Classical Greece and Ptolemy in Roman Egypt. In about 150 AD, Ptolemy wrote a book to explain in great detail how the spherical Earth is surrounded by things that move in the sky. Ptolemy’s geocentric model was adopted and refined during the Islamic Golden Age, which Muslims believed correlated with the teachings of Islam. From the time of Ptolemy through to the 16th century AD, educated people who knew the Earth is round almost always believed in Ptolemy’s geocentric theory. From the 15th to the 17th century, astronomers, especially Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler, found evidence that the Earth is not fixed but moves round the Sun. That is called heliocentrism.
Jessica Karen Szohr (pronounced "zorr"; born March 31, 1985) is an American actress. In the series "Gossip Girl", she played Vanessa. In "Piranha 3D" she played Kelly. Szohr was born in Wisconsin.
Kaavi is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. It had almost 3,260 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kuopio, Juuka, Outokumpu, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi. History. Kaavi was established 1813.
Dress clothes are clothing that is less formal than formal wear but more formal than casual wear. Summary. For boys and men, an outfit of dress clothing includes items like a necktie, a dress shirt, trousers, dress socks, and dress shoes. For girls or women, an outfit of dress clothing can include either slacks, a skirt, or a dress. With slacks or a skirt, a shirt or blouse is worn. With a skirt or dress, hosiery such as pantyhose might be worn. Dress clothing is often worn for nights out. It is worn in white collar work environments such as offices. Other appropriate places include gatherings such as graduations, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, and funerals.
A name tag is a badge or sticker worn on the outermost clothing as a means of displaying the wearer's name for others to view. "Hello my name is" stickers. "Hello my name is" stickers, first introduced by C-Line Products in 1959, became hugely popular. Many graffiti artists have been known to use these stickers as tags.
Outokumpu is a city in North Karelia, Finland. It had almost 7,300 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Heinävesi, Kaavi, Liperi, Polvijärvi and Tuusniemi. The municipality was previously called "Kuusjärvi" until 1968. A deep hole was drilled near here between 2004 and 2005. The hole is 2,516 meters deep and its diameter is 22 cm. It was made for reseach purposes by the Russian company Nedra. Villages. Kalaton, Kuusjärvi, Kokonvaara, Maljasalmi, Rikkaranta, Sysmä, Taipale, Varislahti, Viuruniemi, Ulla, Alavi, Harmaasalo, Törisevä, Vuonos, Kuminvaara, Sätös and Paloranta.
Äänekoski is a city in Central Finland. It had about 20,060 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Kannonkoski, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Saarijärvi, Uurainen, Vesanto and Viitasaari. The former municipalities of Sumiainen and Suolahti were merged with Äänekoski in 2007.
Kankaanpää is a city in Satakunta, Finland. It had about 12,000 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Honkajoki, Ikaalinen, Jämijärvi, Karvia, Parkano, Pomarkku, Sastamala and Siikainen. The municipality of Lavia is today a part of Pori. Lavia is also near Kankaanpää. Municipalities inside Kankaanpää are Kankaanpää, Niinisalo, Vihteljärvi, Lohikko, Venesjärvi and Veneskoski.  The town manager is Mika Hatanpää. Before him the town manager was Paavo Karttunen.  Sport. - Kankaanpään Suunnistajat (KanSu) orienteering - Kankaanpään Maila (KaMa) baseball - Kankaanpään Pallo (KaPa) football - Kankaanpään Uimarit (KankU) swimming - etc. History. In Kankaanpää has been found lots of Stone Age artifacts. But not so many Copper or Iron Age artifacts. First inhabitants were in Kankaanpää in 16th century with 10 houses.  In early 19th century population of Kankaanpää was about 2,000. In 1850s the population was about 4,000.  The church of Kankaanpää has been built in 1839. Architect of church was C. L. Engel. There is a military and old cemetery in the garden of church. Other cemeteries are in the downtown and near the church.  There were not big battles in Kankaanpää in the Civil war. Sampakoski battle was on 22. February 1918 in Sampakoski near Lavia. The whites won the reds there. There is novadays a memorial of the battle. Near the battlefield is the cemetery of the reds.  Kankaanpää has founded in 1865 and it became
The title of Tsarevich of Russia was traditionally used by the heir apparent or heir presumptive in the Russian Empire. The title was used with the style "Imperial Highness". The title was usually only used by males due to females being prevented from succeeding the throne after Catherine the Great.  Usage. It is often confused with "tsarevich", which is the title for any son of a tsar. Normally, there was only one "tsesarevich" at a time (an exception was Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, who was accorded the title until death, even though law gave it to his nephew), and the title was used exclusively in Russia.  The title came to be used together with the formal style "successor" ("Naslednik"), as in "His Imperial Highness the Successor Tsesarevich and Grand Duke". The wife of the "Tsesarevich" was the Tsesarevna. References. &lt;br&gt;
Islam in Morocco is the largest religion making up about 99% of the population. The remaining 1% are Christian and Jewish. History. Islam was first brought to Morocco in 680 by an Arab invasion under Oqba ben Nafi. He rode his horse into the Atlantic Ocean saying that was all that prevented him from more conquests. He called Morocco "Maghreb al-Aksa" (meaning the farthest west). In 788, The Zaydi Shia Idrisids ruled large parts of Morocco. Later, several Berbers formed more powerful Islamic dynasties that reigned over the country. Among them were the Almoravids, who were the first to unite Morocco. They also united significant regions in West Africa, Spain and Algeria. These Almoravids were responsible for making the Maliki school the most prominent in Morocco.  Practice. Today Morocco is mostly Sunni. Of the four Sunni Muslims in Morocco are mainly of the Maliki school. References. &lt;br&gt;
Toivakka is a municipality in Central Finland. It had almost 2,050 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hankasalmi, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Laukaa and Muurame. Some villages. Haukanmaa, Huikko, Humalamäki, Kankainen, Nisula, Paloskylä, Ruuhimäki, Taka-Toivakka, Vihijärvi and Viisarimäki.
Simón Narciso Díaz Márquez (August 8, 1928 – February 19, 2014) was a Venezuelan singer. He was a Grammy Award winning composer of Venezuelan music. On September 30, 2008, the Latin Grammy Awards announced that it would honor Díaz with a Lifetime Achievement Award, (El Premio del Consejo Directivo). Díaz had Alzheimer's disease for many years. He died on 19 February 2014 in Caracas, Venezuela.
Gene Saks (Jean Michael Saks; November 8, 1921 – March 28, 2015) was an American stage and movie director. He is known for his movies "Barefoot in the Park", "The Odd Couple", and "Cactus Flower".  Saks was born in New York City on November 6, 1921. He studied at Cornell University and at The New School. Saks was married to Bea Arthur from 1950 to 1980. They had two children. He married to Keren Saks. They have one child. Saks died from pneumonia in his East Hampton, New York home on March 28, 2015, aged 93.
Bothnian Bay (; ) is a bay in the northeast of the Gulf of Bothnia. The largest island is Hailuoto, which is part of Finland. It is the only permanently populated island in the bay. Perämeri National Park is located in Bothnian Bay.
Metro Davao is a metropolitan area in the Southern Philippines. It includes the cities of Davao City, Digos in Davao del Sur, Tagum, Panabo and Samal in Davao del Norte.
Sandflies are a group of flies, many of which feed on blood and are vectors of parasites.  The group is the Phlebotominae, a subfamily of flies. Parasitic diseases spread by the flies include leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and pappataci fever. In the New World leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies in the genus "Lutzomyia". "Lutzomyia" often live in caves, where their main hosts are bats. In the Old World sand flies in the genus "Phlebotomus" spread leishmaniasis. Phlebotomine females, and only females, suck blood from various mammals, reptiles and birds. Some species are selective, whereas others bite any suitable host they find. All species need a blood meal for every following clutch of eggs after the first. Proteins and other nutrients in the blood enable the female to produce eggs.  The flies use their mouthparts to start the host bleeding. They then suck up the exposed blood. Like practically all blood-feeding parasites, they inject biochemicals that inhibit blood clotting, plus some that stimulate host mast cells to produce histamine; this distend capillary vessels, thereby promoting blood flow. One blood meal can support the production of about 100 eggs. Females lay their eggs in humid soil rich in organic matter. Sand flies are small; a body size of about 3mm in length is typical. This helps them in escape notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later. Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sand flies are present.
Paimio () is a town in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014, almost 11,000 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Lieto, Kaarina, Marttila, Salo, Sauvo and Tarvasjoki.
Lake Ladoga (, ) is very large lake in Russia. It is the largest lake in Europe and one of the 20 largest lakes on Earth.  There are six hundreds islands in the lake.
Road bicycle racing is a sport where people race on bicycle along paved roads. Usually riders start the race at the same time. The winner is the first to the finish line at the end of the route. Road bicycle racing is popular in Belgium, Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. More recently, countries such as Kazakhstan, Australia, Venezuela, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Poland and the United States have also become very good at racing. Road bicycle racing began as a sport in 1868. The first world championship was in 1893. Cycling has been part of the Olympic Games since 1896. At the beginning the sport was popular in France, Spain, Belgium, and Italy. Some of the first races were Liège–Bastogne–Liège (started in 1892), Paris-Roubaix (1896), the Tour de France (1903), the Milan – San Remo and Giro di Lombardia (1905), the Giro d'Italia (1909) and the Tour of Flanders (1913). Nowadays there are many other races, but these historic races remain the most famous and many cyclists want to win them. Road race types. Single-day races. Single day races are held on one day. The race can be any distance from a few kilometres to over 200km. The race route may go from one place to another, or be a number of laps of a circuit. Some routes take the riders from a starting place and then finish with several laps of a circuit. This helps create excitement for the crowd at the finish. Time trial. An individual time trial is an event in which cyclists race alone against the clock. A team time trial is where teams of cyclists race against the clock. In both types of time trial, each cyclist or team starts the race at different times so that each start is fair and equal. The winner is the cyclist or team who finishes the race in the fastest time. Race distances vary from a few km to 60 and rarely more than 100 km. Stage races. Stage races are
Bond girls are female characters in James Bond movies, books and video games. They play the love interest of Bond. There are no set rules on what kind of role a Bond girl plays. Some examples of Bond girls are Solitaire, Tatiana Romanova, and Vivienne Michel. Bond girls are usually aged in their early-to-mid 20s, about 10 years younger than Bond. Their normal dress is conventional without much jewellery. The dress style, however, varies.  There have been only two movies in which Bond falls in love with a Bond girl and actually marries one of them. The first was was "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" (1969), where Bond falls in love with and marries Countess Tereza di Vicenzo played by Diana Rigg, who is shot dead during their honeymoon. The most recent of them was "Casino Royale" (2006), where Bond falls in love with Vesper Lynd played by Eva Green. Ursula Andress played the character Honey Ryder in "Dr. No" (1962) and Vesper Lynd in "Casino Royale" (1967). Halle Berry's was a character in "Die Another Day". Others who were Bond girls are Britt Ekland, Claudine Auger, Lois Chiles, Carole Bouquet, Tanya Roberts, Teri Hatcher, Gemma Arterton, Rosamund Pike and Léa Seydoux.
Vesper Lynd is a character in several James Bond movies and in the novel Casino Royale. She is a Bond girl.  In the novel, she works for MI6 and assists Bond whilst gambling in France. She later turns out to be a double agent. In the 1967 movie "Casino Royale", she is a former MI6 agent who has an affair with a man named Evelyn Tremble. She later betrays him.  In the 2006 movie "Casino Royale", she is a foreign liaison agent. She is also a double agent working for a terrorist group named Quantum, which MI6 are trying to stop. She later falls in love with Bond. She embezzles money for Quantum, but Bond does not know that. She dies when an elevator she is in fills with water.  Vesper Lynd is played by Ursula Andress in the 1967 movie and by Eva Green in 2006 movie.
Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka (; born Margarita Barvikha ; 2 February 1914 – 18 February 2014) was a Russian-born Latvian author and illustrator. She was known for her books for children. Her most popular books are ""Balti tīri sniega vīri" (1942), "Ziemassvētku pasakas" (1943), "Zīļuks" (1961), "Pasaku ābece" (1969) and "Lācīša Rūcīša raibā diena" (1977). Her first book was published in 1942. She co-authored a collection of folk songs in Livonian. "Urū! Rurū!"" (1994) was published in both Latvian and Livonian. She was born Margarita Barvika on 2 February 1914 in Vladimir, Russian Empire. She was awarded the title as Commander of the Order of the Three Stars on 7 April 1999. Margarita Stāraste-Bordevīka died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 100.
Sir George Everest (; 4 July 1790 – 1 December 1866) was a Welsh surveyor and geographer. He was the Surveyor General of India from 1830 through 1843. Everest was born on 4 July 1790 in Gwernvale Manor, just west of Crickhowell in Powys. He was baptised in Greenwich. He was largely responsible for completing the section of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India along the meridian arc from southern India extending north to Nepal, a distance of about . This survey was started by William Lambton in 1806 and it lasted for several decades. In 1865, Mount Everest was named in his honour despite his objections by the Royal Geographical Society. This enormous peak was surveyed by Everest's successor, Andrew Scott Waugh, in his role as the Surveyor-General of India. Everest died on 1 December 1866 in London, England. He was 76.
Antonio "Toni" Ucci (13 January 1922 – 19 February 2014) was an Italian actor and comedian from Rome. He appeared in 86 movies between 1948 and 2000. Ucci died from natural causes on 19 February 2014, aged 92, in his hometown of Rome.
The Volapük Wikipedia is the Volapük version of the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. See List of Wikipedias. It is 54th largest edition by article count. Some believe that Wikipedia should get rid of it, because most of the changes come from one bot user.
Pope Anicetus (ca. 155-166), was the tenth Pope of the Catholic Church, the official title is the Bishop of Rome. During his time as Pope, Rome became a center of Christian knowledge with the teachings of St. Hegesippus, St. Justin Martyr and St. Polycarp, a follower of St. John the Evangelist. During his time as Pope, there were many discussions of when, exactly, the feast of the Resurrection (Easter) should be celebrated. This Pope favored the custom of celebrating Easter on a Sunday while others thought it should be celebrated on Passover, whatever day of the week that it should fall on. Anacetus's practice of celebrating Easter on Sunday was maintained while members of the Eastern Church favored Passover. His feast day is celebrated on April 17.
"American Idiot" is the first single and title track off American punk rock band Green Day's seventh studio album "American Idiot". The song was released on 31 August, 2004. The song criticizes the United States around 2004. The song was nominated for 4 Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, Best Rock Song, Best Short Form Music Video and Record of the Year. The band performed the song at the 2005 Grammy Awards. Music video. The video features Green Day playing in a warehouse in front of a green American flag. The band plays at different speeds in the middle of the video. The stripes of the flag melt onto the ground during the bridge. They are sprayed by a green liquid from amplifiers next to the flag. The end of the video shows the band dropping their instruments and leaving.
Malcolm Tierney (25 February 1938 – 18 February 2014) was an English actor. He began his career in 1964. He had many different roles in movies, television shows, and theatre. He was born in Manchester, which was then part of Lancashire. Tierney died on 18 February 2014, at the age of 75.
Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya (; 26 May 1936 – 29 November 2013) was a Russian poet, journalist, translator of Polish literature and civil rights activist. She was born in Moscow. She graduated from the Saint Petersburg State University in 1964. In 2005, she became a citizen of Poland. Gorbanevskaya died on 29 November 2013 at her home in Paris, France. She was aged 77.
Jay Michael Leggett (August 9, 1963 – November 23, 2013) was an American actor, improvisational comedian, producer, director, and screenwriter. He was born in Tomahawk, Wisconsin. Leggett graduated from Tomahawk High School before he received his Bachelor's degree in fine arts from the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point. After a day of deer hunting, Leggett died from a massive heart attack on November 23, 2013 in Lincoln County, Wisconsin. He was aged 50.
Teuva () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. There were about 5,700 people living there on 31 January 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kristinestad, Kurikka and Närpes. About 99% of the people living there speak Finnish. Teuva was established in 1868. Villages. Horonkylä, Kauppila, Kirkonkylä, Korvenkylä, Komsi, Luovankylä, Norinkylä, Perälä, Riippi and Äystö,
Fuck the System is the eighth studio album by Scottish hardcore punk band, The Exploited. "Fuck the System" was released in January 2003.  On 14 October 2003, 500 fans started a riot in Montreal, Quebec after an Exploited concert was cancelled because the band was not allowed into Canada. The band was then banned in Mexico City after city officials heard about the riot.
Jalasjärvi is a former municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. There were about 7,950 people living there on January 31, 2014. It is next to the municipalities of Ilmajoki, Karvia, Kauhajoki, Kihniö, Kurikka, Parkano and Seinäjoki. Most of the people speak Finnish. Literally Jalasjärvi refers to water ("järvi" means "lake"), but only 1% of the area is water. On 1 January 2016, it was merged to the town of Kurikka. Some villages. Alavalli, Hirvijärvi, Ilvesjoki, Taivalmaa and Ylivalli.
Horror Epics is the fourth studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Horror Epics" was released on April 15th 1985. The album was re-released in 2004 on the Captain Oi! label. Allmusic rated the album 2 stars out of 5. Songs. Side one Side two Re-release bonus tracks
Let's Start a War (also known as Let's Start a War... (Said Maggie One Day)) is the third studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Let's Start a War" was released in 1983. It was re-released in 1998 on the Captain Oi! label. The name of the album refers to Margaret Thatcher's decision to go to war over the Falkland Islands in 1982. The reissue featured three songs from their Rival Leaders EP. Songs. Side one Side two
Troops of Tomorrow is the second studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Troops of Tomorrow" was released in 1982. American heavy metal band Slayer and rapper Ice-T covered a medley called "Disorder" which was featured on the soundtrack to the 1993 movie Judgment Night. The song "UK82" was also used as the opening and closing theme for the 1983 movie "Made in Britain" starring Tim Roth. The music video for the song "Fuck the USA" starts with a typed intro and says "And so... a Pandora's box of rejection and reaction was opened. Today, thousands carry on the greatest anti-movement of our age. Punk rock, the end of our dreams..." The lead vocalist Wattie Buchan starts shouting while the music starts. They play on stage while there are some clips of the band walking around the streets of Scotland and having fun. The song ends with an interview with the band. Songs. Side one Side two
Stephen P. Synnott is an American astronomer. He is also a scientist for the Voyager program. He discovered several moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. He discovered Metis, Puck, Larissa, Proteus, and Thebe. The minor planet 6154 Stevesynnott was named after him.
Punks Not Dead is the debut studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. "Punks Not Dead" was released in April 1981. They made the album as a reaction to critics who thought that the genre was dead, and was also against popular trends such as New Wave, hardcore and post-punk. The album is regarded as one of the definitive Oi! albums. The album peaked at #20 on the UK charts in May of that year. Songs. Side one Side two 2001 Re-release
Igor Dmitrievich Kurnosov (; 30 May 1985 – 8 August 2013) was a Russian chess grandmaster. In 2008, he won the Arctic Chess Challenge. He was also the winner of 2008/9 Hastings Masters tournament. Kurnosov died after he was hit by a car in the early hours of 8 August 2013 in his hometown of Chelyabinsk. He was aged 28.
Queen Alexandra's birdwing is a rare butterfly. It was named for Alexandra of Denmark. It lives only in the northern province of Papua New Guinea. The wingspan of this butterfly is 11 inches or more for an adult female. This makes it the largest butterfly. The abdomen is bright yellow. It has brightly colored wings, mostly light blue and black. The Queen Alexandra's birdwing was discovered by Albert Stewart Meek
Charlotte Dawson (8 April 1966 – 22 February 2014) was a New Zealand-Australian television presenter, model and activist. She was best known as a host on "The Contender Australia" and as a judge on "Australia's Next Top Model". She was born in Auckland, New Zealand. At age sixteen, she worked as a model in Europe and with Ford Models, New York in the United States. In 1999, she married Olympic swimmer Scott Miller. The couple divorced in 2000. Dawson committed suicide by hanging on the morning of 22 February 2014 at her home in Woolloomooloo, Sydney, New South Wales. She was 47 years old. Police said they were called to the home at 11:18 a.m. and that there were no suspicious circumstances to the death. She had a long history of depression. She tried to commit suicide in August 2012, after a much publicised battle with Twitter trolls. Prime Minister of New Zealand John Key said he was "shocked" and "saddened" by her death.