ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
By the 4th century BC, fortified cities were common in India, with the largest being between Mathura and Magadha. The most notable description is one by Megasthenes, who described Pataliputra as guarded by a ditch with wooden walls and 570 towers and 54 gates. Ancient Indian forts, found in shastras and stupa reliefs, had crenellations, embrasures, and sloping walls. The Arthashastra, an Indian treatise on military strategy, identifies six major types of forts based on their defense modes: Jala-durga (water fort), Antardvipa-durga (island fortress), Sthala-durga (plain fortress), Dhanvana- or Maru-durga (Desert Fort), Giri-durga (Hill fort), Prantara-durga (flat hill summit), Giri-parshva-durga (fortifications and civilian structures extend down to the hill slope), Guha-durga (valley surrounded by hills), Vana-durga (forest fort), Khanjana-durga (built on a fen surrounded by thorny forests), Sthambha-durga (built in the forest among tall trees), Mahi-durga (earthen fort), Parigha-durga (surrounded by earthen walls), Panka-durga (surrounded by fens or quicksand). The term "fort" became common in India in the 17th-19th century, with local languages adding fort names to local words. British forts used simple designs at first. Many were privately owned. Three major methods of building were used: earthen ramparts, rubble with earth on the outside, or stone and masonry work, which were the strongest. Earthen ramparts allowed for higher and steeper walls, but the earthen core could accumulate water, requiring drainage channels. The third method involved using mortar, which was strong and long-lasting. In medieval India, burying humans in fort walls was believed to keep evil spirits away. The Sri Qila in Delhi buried 8,000 Mughal skulls, and Purandar Fort had a first-born son and wife buried in the foundation. Other
Pseudophilautus rugatus is a frog. It lived in Sri Lanka. People have seen it two places: the Farnlands and Taralanda. This frog is extinct. There are no frogs of this species alive now. Scientists believe they died because human beings changed the places where the frog lives. One female frog was 17.5 mm long from nose to rear end.
Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia is a section of Nova Scotia's coast. The county stretches from Halifax Regional Municipality all the way down.
Ant &amp; Dec are a British television presenting duo consisting of Ant McPartlin (born 18 November 1975) and Declan Donnelly (born 25 September 1975). They are well known in the UK for presenting various popular shows. Television. They met after starring as child actors on the children's television series "Byker Grove in 1990." They have been hosts for many television series, including reality show "I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here", British talent show "Britain's Got Talent" and a game show titled "Limitless Win". They formerly hosted "Ant &amp; Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway" from 2002 to 2009 and 2013 to 2024 Awards. National Television Awards. Wins NTAs by show number won. Nominations/Awards that they didn't win
Hylodes pipilans is a frog. It lives in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. People have seen it in exactly one place: Serra dos Órgãos, between 245 and 814 meters above sea level.
Marion Henriëtte Louise Molly (born 29 December 1933), also known as Milly Scott, is a Dutch singer and actress from a Surinamese family. She is known for being the first black singer to compete in the Eurovision Song Contest. Scott often faced racism during her career. She began her career in 1953 and worked across Europe with several celebrities including Judy Garland.  In 1966, Scott won the Dutch contest "National Song Festival" and was chosen to represent the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966. Her song only received 2 points and finished in fifteenth place out of 18.
Rosie's Rules is a children's television series that premiered on October 3, 2022 on PBS Kids and October 11, 2022 on TVOKids. The series is produced by 9 Story Media Group and its animation division Brown Bag Films.
"Love Is the Law" is a 1997 debut single by British band The Seahorses and is the leading single from their only studio album "Do It Yourself". It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Scotland, number 38 in Sweden and number 11 in Ireland. Track listings. UK, Japanese, and Australian CD single UK 7-inch single A. "Love Is the Law" – 3:42 B. "Dreamer" – 3:31
Gavin Ernest Royfee (20 February 1929 in Christchurch – 10 July 2023 in Spreydon, Christchurch) was a New Zealand first-class cricketer who played three first-class matches for Canterbury in Plunket Shield in the 1952/53 season.
Rudolf Strittich (3 March 1922 – 10 July 2010) was an Austrian football player and coach. Career. Strittich began his career at SK Vorwärts Steyr. He played in the first team at the age of 14. 1938/39 went to the German-Bohemian DFC Graslitz. He won the Gau Sudetenland championship in 1940. In 1942 he moved to First Vienna FC. During the war years, Strittich was also briefly active at Hertha BSC. After the end of the war he played in Steyr. In the winter break he went back to First Vienna FC. The team reached the final of the ÖFB Cup in 1946. In 1950 his career in the Austrian league was abruptly interrupted He and Ernst Sabeditsch were convicted of smuggling raw opium after a Vienna tour of Egypt. They were banned by the ÖFB for a year. After two years abroad he returned to Vienna in 1952, Then he went to France and played for RCFC Besançon . After two seasons he ended his active career due to health reasons. International. He played four matches for the Austrian national football team betwenn 1946 and 1949. He debuted on 6 October 1946 in a 2-0 loss versus Hungary. His last match was on 13 November 1949 in a 5-2 win versus Yugoslavia. Manager. In 1955 he began his coaching career at SK Sturm Graz. Then he moved to France. He became coach at his former club RC Besançon. In the spring of 1957 he looked after SV Stickstoff Linz. His next stop abroad was FC Basel in Switzerland. Then he managed Apollon Kalamarias in Greece. After a stint at his parent club Vorwärts Steyr, he moved to Denmark at the beginning of 1961. There he spent the majority of his coaching career. He took over Esbjerg fB. He led the club to the first two championship titles. After a season in Steyr, he returned to Denmark to Vib
Ekana Cricket Stadium is an international standard cricket stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, named after one of the Lord Vishnu's name Ekana. It is a stadium under public-private partnership, built during Samajwadi Party's Government led by Akhilesh Yadav. With a seating capacity of 50,000, it is the third largest international cricket stadium in India. International cricket. On 6 November 2018, the stadium hosted its first international match, a Twenty20 International (T20I) between India and the West Indies, becoming the 52nd stadium in India to host an international cricket match. In that match Rohit Sharma became the first cricketer to score four centuries in T20Is. India won that match by 71 runs. The last time Lucknow hosted an international match was in January 1994, when India played a Test match against Sri Lanka at the K. D. Singh Babu Stadium.  Before its international debut, it also hosted the final of the 2017–18 Duleep Trophy.
Wuxi is a city in China in the province of Jiangsu. Name. The name Wuxi comes from the "old Chinese language," rather than reflecting the presence of tin in the area. So you might wonder what is the relationship between Wuxi and tin? Before wuxi is discovered in Han dynasty, it has a lot of tin, but after Japan raided China, wuxi became a Concession and they changed the name into Wuxi. Education. There are a lots of schools in Wuxi, including many international schools. Some of the famous international schools are Big Bridge (大桥), Golden Bridge (金桥), Wuxi Boston International School, and Nanwai Kings College.Wuxi has a lot of university. There is also of good university. The best one is Wuxi Vocational and Technical College it is 6★which is really high. There is also a lot of 5★College which is also high. They also have 1 to 4 ★which is also not bad. Weather. Wuxi's climate. Wuxi has an oceanic subtropical monsoon climate, mild and humid, with four distinct seasons and an average annual temperature of 15.5 °C. The average annual rainfall in Wuxi urban area is 1048 mm, the frost-free period is about 220 days, and the sunshine hours in Wuxi urban area are 2019.4 hours. The hottest month of the year is July, with an average monthly temperature of 28.0 °C. The coldest month of the year is January, with an average monthly temperature of 2.8 °C. Why is the climate in Wuxi like this? Wuxi City is mainly composed of plains, scattered with low mountains and residual hills. The southern part is a water network plain; The north is a high sand plain; The central part is a water network and polder field formed by lowlands; The southwest has a relatively high terrain and is a low mountain and hilly area in Yixing. Business. As an important commercial center in East China, it has always been famous for its
TLC is the self-titled fifth studio album by American girl group TLC, released on June 30, 2017, by their label 852 Musiq. It is the group's first album since "3D" (2002). Critical reception. "TLC" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Personnel. Credits for "TLC" adapted from AllMusic.
The Kruševo Republic, sometimes spelled as Krushevo Republic (Bulgarian and , ), was a short-lived political entity created in 1903 by revolutionaries from the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) during the Ilinden Uprising in the city of Kruševo, now North Macedonia. Macedonian history books mention it as one of the first republics in the Balkans. The republic only lasted 10 days before being dissolved after the Battle of Mečkin Kamen. The city of Kruševo also uses the flag of the Republic today. The Republic also had a parliament consisting of 60 members. Keith Brown says, based on the "language of home", the members might be classified as Aromanians, Macedo-Bulgarians and Albanians. Along with that the Council also elected an executive body—the Provisional Government—with six members (2 from a group) The Republic is also mentioned in the Macedonian national anthem Denes nad Makedonija. History. In the early 20th century, Kruševo was populated by Slavs, Aromanians and Orthodox Albanians and Greeks, with the town inhabitants being part of various various Ottoman groups called millets, based on ethnicity and religion. The Patriarchists were the largest community, followed by Exarchists and the Ullah millet for the Aromanians. According to the ethnographer Vasil Kanchov's statistics at that time the town's inhabitants counted: 4,950 Bulgarians, 4,000 Vlachs (Aromanians) and 400 Orthodox Albanians. On 3 August 1903, rebels captured the town of Kruševo and established a revolutionary government. The entity existed only for 10 days: from 3 to 13 August, and was headed by Nikola Karev. He was a strong leftist, rejecting the nationalism of the ethnic minorities and favouring alliances with ordinary Muslims against the Sultanate, as well as supporting the idea of a Balkan Federation. there was a provisional goverment with 6 members whose duty was to promote law and order and manage supplies, finances, and medical care. Around this time the K
Puri Jagannath temple is originally Budhhist center the lord was budhha .which was captured and destroyed by Brahmin and lord idol are modified Jagannath Balabhadra subhadra  Anantavarman Chodaganga - was a prominent king of the Eastern Ganga dynasty who ruled in 11-12th century AD. The Jagannath temple at Puri, Orissa was built by him in the 11th century. The Eastern Ganga dynasty reigned Kalinga from the 5th century AD to 15th century AD. In Hindu mythology, wasting food is considered a bad sign; the Temple crew follows the same. A total number of people visiting the temple varies between 2,000 to 200,000 people every day. Miraculously, the Parsadam prepared every day is never wasted, not even a bite. The most interesting Buddhist claim has to do with an unknown substance called “Brahma" that lies inside the navel of the main idol, Jagannath. Hindus say that it was the original blue stone, but Buddhists say that this Brahma is Buddha's tooth relic that was brought from Kushi Nagar, where he died, to Puri.
The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) is a major opposition political party in Japan. The party is known for its center to center-left positions and its focus on issues such as constitutional reform, social welfare, and environmental policies.
Holly &amp; Phillip were a British television presenting duo consisting of Holly Willoughby (born 10 February 1981) and Phillip Schofield (born 1960). They hosted shows together until 2023. In 2009, Willoughby and Schofield started hosting This Morning on ITVtogether. In 2007, Willoughby and Schofield hosted Dancing on Ice together. In 2023, Schofield announced he was leaving the show after fifteen years. In 2023, Schofield said he had had an affair with younger colleague. He was removed as ambassador from the Princes Trust. He said he lost everything.
The WAGR F class were a total of 57 freight steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1902 to 1972. The F class were built by Dübs &amp; Coy of Glasgow, Scotland and later its successor the North British Locomotive Coy from 1902 to 1913 as 4-8-0 locomotives for use on goods trains. Throughout their years of service, they were frequently fitted with experimental equipment. Superheating of the F class began in 1924 and continued up to 1948 - resulting in the Fs class, though when they were relegated to shunting duties in the 1950s they were rebuilt to normal saturated locomotives for economic reasons. Two of the F class are preserved, No. 398 (452) at Collie, and Fs class No. 460 (407) at Bassendean Railway Museum.
The WAGR Fs class were a total of 55 steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1923 to 1970. The Fs class was the result of superheating the standard F class 4-8-0 goods engines improving fuel efficiency and creating greater haulage capacity. All but two of the F class would be superheated from 1923 to 1948 at Midland Railway Workshops. In the 1950s many of the Fs were rebuilt as saturated locos for shunting duties to improve the classes' economy. Fs class No. 460 is preserved at the Bassendean Railway Museum.
The WAGR Fsl class were freight steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR). The Fsl class resulted from rebuilds regarding the Fs class (superheated F class) to have larger cylinders to improve power performance. By the 1940s the Fsl, like the equivalent Esl classification had been abandoned and merged back with the Fs class along with the Fso class designation.
The WAGR Fso class were freight steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR). The Fso class was a designation assigned to regular Fs class (superheated F class) 4-8-0 locomotives to identify them from the Fsl class which had larger cylinders. Like the Esl and Eso classes, these sorts of classifications were abandoned by the 1940s, with both the Fso and Fsl classes being folded into the normal Fs class.
The WAGR K class were a total of 24 heavy freight side tank steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1893 to 1964. The K class were built by Neilson &amp; Coy of Glasgow, Scotland from 1893 to 1898 for work on heavy goods trains on the Eastern Railway where upon their arrival they totally outclassed the B, G and later O classes. Some were superheated from 1915 to 1916, and one in 1929 as the Ks class however this was not a great success as by this time they were being used as shunters reducing the economic efficiency. When the F class arrived in 1902 the K class was reallocated to the South Western mainline to Collie, replacing the O class on goods traffic. After handling local goods around Perth and Kalgoorlie along with other regional centres they became relegated to purely shunting roles by the 1920s. The last K class was withdrawn in 1964, all were scrapped.
The WAGR Ks class were a total of 6 steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1915 to 1928. The Ks class were the result of superheating the standard K class 2-8-4 of 1893. Only six of the twenty-four total were superheated as by this time most were working as shunting meaning superheating them wasn't economically viable. All but one were converted back to K class engines.
The 3DS Game Card (Like the DS Cartridge) is made for the Nintendo 3DS Family of systems is a white cartridge with a small notch on the top right. The small notch is for preventing the 3DS cartridge from fitting into the Nintendo DS consoles, as they don't work for those systems.
is a maze video game. It was developed and published by Hudson Soft. The original home computer game was released in July 1983 for the NEC PC-8801, NEC PC-6001 mkII, Fujitsu FM-7, Sharp MZ-700, Sharp MZ-2000, Sharp X1 and MSX in Japan. A version that looked different was released for the MSX and ZX Spectrum in Europe as Eric and the Floaters. A sequel was made called "3-D Bomberman". In 1985, "Bomberman" was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It started the "Bomberman" series with many other games being made.
The Altarpiece of the Centenar de la Ploma or Altarpiece of Saint George of the Centenar de la Ploma is a large-scale international Gothic style altarpiece made around 1400 by Andreu Marçal de Sax and Miquel Alcanyís on behalf of the company of the Centenar de la Ploma and which symbolizes the battle of the Puig that took place in 1237. Currently, and following the acquisition made in 1864, the work is in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London . Context. In 1237, during the conquest of the kingdom of Valencia, James I had gained control of the fortification of Puig Castle . With his troops weakened due to the conquests, he received the warning of a counterattack by the Muslim forces, in this way he marched towards Catalonia to gather more troops, leaving Guillem Aguiló in charge. In his absence, the Muslim king Zayyan ibn Mardanix attacked the fortification. During the battle, while part of his troops were fighting the Muslims, Guillem Aguiló advanced from behind the hill sounding numerous trumpets and carrying flags taken from nearby ships, with the royal pennant at the head, making the Muslims believe that it was of James I arriving with an army. According to Bernat Desclot's Chronicle, at that moment Saint George appeared with his own army of knights, allowing the Christians to win the battle.  History. On June 3, 1365, Pere the Ceremonious created the militia of the Centenar de la Ploma, initially called the Centenar of the Glorious Sant Jordi. After the Church of Sant Jordi in Valencia was consecrated on May 27, 1401, the Centenary commissioned an altarpiece for this church, which was made sometime between 1400 and 1420. Due to its dimensions and complexity, the work probably had several authors, mainly Marçal de Sax and Miquel Alcanyís, but also very likely Johan Utuvert and Gonçal Peris .  In 1740 the altarpiece was still in
The Frøyningsfjell drum ('Frøynings-mountain drum'), sometimes called the Folldal drum, is a famous drum that was taken from Sami people of Norway in 1723. In 2023, it came back to Norway. It is on display at Saemien Sijte, a museum in Trøndelag. The drum has its origion in the mountains between Namsskogan and Høylandet in Namdalen in county Trøndelag. Place names here are Frøyningsfjellet and Folldalen.  History: The drum has been [owned or] held by Meininger Museum since 1837. In 2023 the Meininger Museum gave the drum back to the Sami people. The drum have been owned and used by a Sami shaman. It is not a musical instrument, but it looks like one, according to Dr. Philipp Adlung.
A Żubroń (/ˈʒuːbrɒnj/; Polish: "żubroń" [ˈʐubrɔɲ]) is a hybrid (mix) of a cow and a wisent. The wisent is another name for the European bison. That means a żubroń is a lot like a beefalo. The name żubroń was picked from a lot of choices. Before that, people sent the choices into a Polish magazine in 1969.
Mac OS X Server 1.0 is an operating system created by Apple. At first, the OS was called Rhapsody (operating system) from 1997-98, and then it was renamed in 1999. Updates. Version 1.0.1. Almost one month after its initial release date, Mac OS X Server 1.0.1 was released on 15 April 1999. Also, the Rhapsody kernel number was updated to 5.4. Version 1.0.2. Mac OS X Server 1.0.2 was released on 29 July 1999 and updated the kernel version to 5.5. Version 1.2. Mac OS X Server 1.2 was released on 14 January 2000 and updated the kernel version to 5.6. Also, the Blue Box emulator replaced Mac OS 8.5.1 with Mac OS 8.6. Version 1.2 v3. Mac OS X Server 1.2 v3 is the newest version and was released on 27 October 2000 to support the newer PowerPC G4 systems.
Bev Craig is a Labour councillor in Burnage, Manchester, England, and Leader of Manchester City Council. As leader she is also a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority and is the combined authority's portfolio lead for Economy, Business and Inclusive Growth. Craig was elected Leader of Manchester City Council by the ruling Labour group of councillors in October 2021, and took over from Sir Richard Leese at a full meeting of the council when he retired on 1 December 2021. Biography. Craig comes from Belfast and is the city council’s first female and LGBT leader. She grew up on a council estate just outside Belfast and moved to Manchester from Northern Ireland in 2003. She told the BBC: "I grew up in social housing and my family still rely on it. I know the value of [what] the safety net of a good quality home can give you when times are tough." and that she wanted "to reach a point where me being a woman and being gay is entirely uninteresting and unremarkable". She graduated from Manchester University in 2007 with a degree in politics and modern history and later gaining a postgraduate in Local Government Management from Warwick Business School and a MA in public policy and governance from Manchester University, both while she had a full time job. She has had jobs across local government, higher education and working for the trade union UNISON.
Pseudophilautus eximius is a frog. It lived in Sri Lanka. People have seen it in exactly one place: the Queenswood Estate, 1500 meters above sea level. This frog is extinct. All frogs in this species are dead.
Bishop Kaun is an American professional wrestler. He currently wrestles for Ring of Honor (ROH) and is one-third of the current ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champions. He also makes appearances in All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is a member of the stable The Embassy and one-half of the tag team Gates Of Agony with Toa Liona. In ROH, Kaun has been a three-time ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champion. Career. All Elite Wrestling. On the May 4, 2022 episode of "Dynamite", Kaun made his debut in All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He faced Andrade El Idolo but lost. On the July 8 episode of "Rampage", Kaun would team with his Gates of Agony teammate Toa Liona and they would defeat the team of Jonathan Gresham and Lee Moriarty. This gave Kaun his first victory in AEW. At Battle of the Belts IV, Gates of Agony would face FTR (Dax Harwood and Cash Wheeler) for the ROH World Tag Team Championships but would lose. On the July 21 episode of "Rampage", he would enter the Royal Rampage to determine the number one contender for the AEW TNT Championship but it was won by Darby Allin. On the September 1 episode of "Rampage", Gates of Agony would enter a battle Royal to determine the number one contenders for the ROH World Tag Team Championships but would lose to The Dark Order (Alex Reynolds &amp; John Silver). On September 3, 2023, he would compete in the Over Budget Charity Battle Royal at All Out: Zero Hour which was won by "Hangman" Adam Page. On Night Two of Grand Slam, The Mogul Embassy (Kaun, Brian Cage &amp; Toa Liona) would lose their ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championships to The Elite (Matt Jackson, Nick Jackson, and "Hangman" Adam Page).