ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Turn of the Screw is an opera by Benjamin Britten. It is a chamber opera (an opera for a small number of characters and very small orchestra). The story is based on a story with the same title by Henry James. The libretto (the words of the opera) were written by Myfanwy Piper. The story of the opera is almost exactly the same as in Henry James’s book. Britten was asked by the Venice Biennale to write the opera. It was first performed on 14 September, 1954, at the Teatro La Fenice, Venice. Its first performance in Britain took place a month later on 6 October 1954 at Sadler’s Wells Opera in London. The opera is divided into two acts. It is further divided into a prologue and sixteen scenes. Before each scene starts we hear a variation on the 'Screw' theme. This theme is based on twelve notes which are all the 12 notes in the octave. This is called twelve-tone row, but it is tonally based (the music is in traditional keys, unlike the music of Schoenberg). There are only 13 players in the orchestra. Time: The middle of the nineteenth century Place: Bly, an English country house The story of the opera. Prologue. The prologue is just for a solo singer (tenor) and piano. He tells us about a young governess he once knew who looked after two children at Bly House. The children’s parents were dead, and they were supposed to be cared for by their uncle. The uncle, who lived in London, was far too busy to care for them, and he hired a governess for them. He told the governess (who is just called “the governess” in the opera) that she must never write to him about the children. She must make any decisions about them herself. She must never ask him about the history of Bly House, and she must always continue to care for the children. Act 1. The Governess wonders what the children will be like. The children wonder what their new governess will be like. When the Governess arrives at Bly House she is
Malavan Bandar Anzali Football Club () is an Iranian football club based in Bandar-e Anzali, Iran. "Winners (3):" 1976, 1986, 1990 "Runner Up (3):" 1987, 1988, 1991 "Runner Up (1):" 2003 "Third Place (1)": 1981 "Runner Up (1)": 1973 "(1)": 1987
Cosworth is a high performance engineering company. It was founded in London in 1958. It builds engines and electronics for automobile racing, mainstream automotive and defence industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England. It has North American facilities in Torrance, California; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Mooresville, North Carolina. It also has a facility in Pune, India. Cosworth has had a long and well respected career in Formula One, beginning in 1963. Cosworth stepped away from Formula One for three years when no team decided to use their engines for . Cosworth returned to F1 in , suppling engines to Williams, HRT, Lotus, and Virgin. The first Formula One engines shipped in January. Cosworth's 176 wins make it the second most successful engine manufacturers in F1, after Ferrari. Corporate history. The company was founded as a British racing internal combustion engine maker in 1958 by Mike Costin and Keith Duckworth (1933-2005) The name Cosworth came by combining their last names. (COStin and duckWORTH). Even thought it was an independent company, it was supported by the Ford Motor Company for many years. Most of the Cosworth engines were named Ford engines. The company went through a several ownership changes. The business was growing. Keith Duckworth did not want to run the day-to-day business. Cosworth was sold to United Engineering Industries (UEI) in 1980. Duckworth remained as president for life, and technical involvement with Cosworth. He became a UEI board director. UEI was a group of small to medium-sized technology companies. UEI was taken over by Carlton Communications in 1988. Carlton wanted some of the audio-visual companies that were part of UEI. Cosworth was a poor fit, so Carlton sold the Cosworth part off. In 1990, Cosworth was sold to Vickers, a British engineering company. In 1998, Cosworth was sold to Audi, which is a part of Volkswagen. Hours later, Audi sold the Cosworth Racing division to Ford. In September, 2004 Ford announced that it was selling Cosworth, along with Cos
Carbon tetrachloride, also known as tetrachloromethane or carbon tet for short, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CCl4. It contains carbon in its +4 oxidation state and chloride ions. It is a colourless heavy liquid. Properties. It is a colorless liquid. It smells like chloroform. It evaporates quite quickly. It can dissolve fats and oils as well as other substances including iodine. It does not burn, but it does make phosgene when heated to a very high temperature. Preparation. It is made by reacting methane with chlorine. This reaction is similar to the burning of methane (reaction of methane with oxygen). Hydrogen chloride, chloromethane, dichloromethane and chloroform are byproducts (left over substances). It used to be made by reacting carbon disulfide with chlorine. This reaction would produce sulfur(I) chloride. Uses. The uses of carbon tetrachloride have diminished lately, because it is known to be damage people's health. People think it might damage the ozone layer. Today, it is rarely used for anything. Previously, was used in fire extinguishers. It was also used to make freon, used in dry cleaning and as a refrigerant. Safety. Carbon tetrachloride is very poisonous to the liver, the kidneys and the nervous system. Carbon tetrachloride converts to phosgene (an extremely poisonous gas) at very high temperatures like fire conditions. In the days when it was used as a fire extinguisher, this problem was very common and caused deaths.
Freon is a word for certain chemical compounds, often used as refrigerants. Thomas Midgley, Jr. invented using Freon as a refrigerant. "Freon" is a registered trademark of DuPont. Freon was first used to describe chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, but it is now used to describe many other kinds of chemicals used as refrigerant. Refrigerants may contain carbon, chlorine, fluorine and sometimes bromine. For example, Freon 10 is carbon tetrachloride. Many kinds of freon are not toxic to animals. They also are cheap and work well. However, most refrigerants can reduce the amount of ozone from the upper atmosphere. Reducing ozone lets more ultraviolet light to come through. Too much ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer and cataracts, and can kill off plankton in the oceans.  The chlorine part of CFC refrigerants can reduce ozone. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) can also damage ozone. Newer Hydrofulorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants do not have chlorine in them and do not reduce ozone in the atmosphere. Most refrigerants also increase global warming because they are powerful greenhouse gasses. These refrigerants increase global warming thousands of times more than carbon dioxide (CO2).
A refrigerant is a chemical substance that is found in an air conditioner, a refrigerator, and in other refrigeration equipment. Air conditioners work by circulating refrigerant through coils, absorbing heat from the air and releasing it outside, cooling the space with chilling efficiency. Refrigerants are chosen for the ease of converting them from liquid to vapor or vice versa, depending on their temperature and pressure. Most refrigerants in their liquid state will evaporate very fast if at atmospheric pressure. They can be classed as CFC, HCFC, HFC, HC, or HFO along with less common types. In refrigeration equipment, a refrigerant vapor is compressed by a compressor. Compression makes it hot. It enters a condenser, where it condenses into a liquid. The refrigerant then passes through a part called a metering device, or an expansion device (there are several types of this part) where the pressure is reduced to a point where the liquid begins to boil. At this point, the refrigerant is very cold and it enters an evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the air passing over it. By the time the refrigerant leaves the evaporator, it is all a vapor again, and it goes back to the compressor where the cycle begins again. This is called the refrigeration cycle. This is one example of the use of a refrigerant, in a residential air conditioning system. Phase out of chlorine-based refrigerants. Older chlorine and carbon based refrigerants such as Freon R22 have been phased out due to ozone depletion. The chlorine molecule in them was found to be depleting the ozone molecules in the atmosphere. As a result, the Montreal Protocol has been adopted. The treaty bans the production of CFCs, halons and other ozone-depleting chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane.
The 2010 Canterbury earthquake was a powerful 7.1 magnitude earthquake, which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 4:35 am September 4, 2010 local time (16:35 3 September UTC).  It was centred 40 km west of Christchurch, near the town of Darfield, at a depth of 10 km. Strong aftershocks were reported, including ones of magnitude 5.3.  The main quake was felt widely across the South Island, and in the North Island as far north as New Plymouth. It caused a lot of damage and cut off power and water supply, mainly in the city of Christchurch. Two people were seriously injured. The quake caused damage to historic buildings in Lyttelton, near Christchurch, including a church and parts of a hotel. Businesses in the city centre were closed the day of the quake. The total cost of damages may be as high as NZ$2 billion. A state of emergency was declared by Civil Defence for Christchurch and the Selwyn District. Geological background. New Zealand sits on the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates. In the South Island, these plates mainly slide past each other horizontally, producing earthquakes along fault lines such as the Alpine fault. The 2010 earthquake was centred about 80–90 km to the southeast of the plate boundary through the island, probably on one of a network of smaller faults linked to the main faults that mark the plate boundary itself.
William Langland (c. 1332 – c. 1386) was an English poet. He wrote a long and complicated poem called Piers Plowman. The poem is an allegory about the difficulty of leading a good Christian life when the institution of the Church is often corrupt. We do not know for sure that this poem was written by Langland. The strongest evidence we have is one manuscript which says that the poem was written by 'Willielmi de Langlond', son of 'Stacy de Rokayle, who died in Shipton-under-Wichwood, a tenant of the Lord Spenser in the county of Oxfordshire'. Other manuscripts also name the author as 'Robert or William langland', or 'Wilhelmus W.' (probably an abbreviation for 'William of Wichwood', since Wychwood is the village he probably came from). Another piece of evidence is within the poem itself. At one stage the narrator says: 'I have lyved in londe...my name is longe wille'. Scholars agree that this is a code for the poet's name: Longe-Land, and Wille meaning Will, short for William. This may seem unlikely, but this method of hiding the poet's name within a poem was used in Roman times, and was quite common in late-medieval literature.
Robin is the alias of several comic book superheroes and is one of Batman's sidekicks. The character appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. There are many characters that became Robin, but the first one was Dick Grayson. The first version of Robin was presented in "Detective Comics" #38 (April 1940). He was created by Bob Kane, Bill Finger and Jerry Robinson. The team of Batman and Robin is also called "the Dynamic Duo" or "the Caped Crusaders". He is a member of the Teen Titans. Fictional character biographies. Dick Grayson. The original Robin was Dick Grayson, a young acrobat orphaned after his parents were murdered and taken in by Bruce Wayne (Batman). Grayson eventually grew to become Nightwing, taking on his own superhero identity. Jason Todd. Jason Todd is the second Robin, who was infamously killed by the Joker in the "A Death in the Family" storyline. He was later resurrected and became the anti-hero Red Hood. Tim Drake. Tim Drake is the third Robin, who deduced Batman's identity and insisted on becoming Robin to help the Dark Knight. He is known for being highly intelligent and resourceful, later becoming the hero known as Red Robin. Damian Wayne. The biological son of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, Damian Wayne became the fourth Robin and is characterized by his association with the League of Assassins and a more brash demeanor. Themes. Each of these Robins has played an important role in various storylines, contributing to the rich lore of Batman and his universe. The dynamics between Batman and his Robins often explore themes of mentorship, legacy, and the challenges of growing up in the shadow of a legendary figure. In other media. The character has appeared in movies, television series, video games, toys, and more.  In the 1943 Batman movie, Douglas Croft played Robin and in the sequel, Johnny Duncan played Robin  In 1966, Burt Ward played Dick Grayson also called Robin while Adam West played Batman In the 1995 movie "Batman Forever", Chris O'Donnell played Dick Grayson. O’Donnell also played him in the 1997 sequel "Batman &amp; Robin".  In 2012's"The Dark Knight Rises", Joseph Gordon-Levitt played Detective John Blake whose real name is Robin.
Christ Church Cathedral is the cathedral of the diocese of Oxford, which includes the City of Oxford and the surrounding countryside as far north as Banbury. It is also, uniquely, the chapel of Christ Church, the largest college of the University of Oxford. History. The cathedral was originally the church of St Frideswide's Priory.  In 1522, the priory was surrendered to Cardinal Wolsey, who chose it as the site for his proposed college. However, in 1529 it was taken over by King Henry VIII. Work stopped, but in June 1532 the college was refounded by the King. In 1546, Henry VIII transferred to it from Osney Abbey to the see of Oxford. The cathedral has the name of "Ecclesia Christi Cathedralis Oxoniensis", given to it by King Henry VIII's foundation charter. Architecture. The nave, choir, central tower, and transepts (as far as the roofs) are late Norman, and were probably erected during the lifetime of Canutus, the second prior, in the 12th century. As a whole the cathedral contains examples of the various styles from late Norman to Perpendicular. Not the smallest. Once this was the smallest cathedral in England. But according to their website, this has changed: "It is true that at one time Christ Church Oxford would have been the smallest Cathedral in England... However, with the creation this century of new cathedrals which had previously been parish churches, Christ Church lost its distinction of being the smallest Cathedral in the country. 1546 Christ Church Oxford (present size - 16,413 sq ft) 1905 Birmingham Cathedral: 13,720 sq ft 1914 Chelmsford Cathedral: 11,270 sq ft 1927 Derby Cathedral: 10,950 sq ft Newport Cathedral in Wales, is smaller still. A Cathedral since 1949, with an area of about 7,850 sq ft, it has a total seating capacity of only 600! At present Christ Church is probably the fifth smallest English Cathedral after Derby, Chelmsford, Birmingham and Leicester". Miscellany. Cathedral (or Christ Church) Time is traditionally five minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time. This dates back to the days before the railways when each region of the country kept to its own local time. Hence what is now called Cathedral Time is a survival of old Oxford Time.
Cyma Zarghami is an Iranian-American cable television executive and the current president of the TV channel Nickelodeon and the MTV Networks' Kids &amp; Family Group.
Småland is a historical province ("landskap") in southern Sweden. Småland borders the provinces Blekinge, Scania or Skåne, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means "Small lands". The latinized form "Smolandia" has been used in other languages. The highest summit in Småland is Tomtabacken with its 377 m. Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren comes from Småland, and many of her stories are also set there. Famous Swedish expresseions are "Mörkaste Småland" ("Darkest Småland") and "För allt smör i Småland" ("For All Butter in Småland").
Typhoon Kompasu was noticed on August 28, the United States Air Force base in Okinawa, Japan, began preparing for what was then Tropical Storm 08W. Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness (TCCOR) level three was issued the following morning. By August 30, forecasts showed that a strengthening storm would strike the area, possibly bringing winds in excess of . Following this, the TCCOR level was increased to two. For the first time in over three years, TCCOR level one was declared on August 31. Military personnel and residents across the island were urged to complete their preparations and remain indoors for the duration of the typhoon. During the storm's passage on August 31, the highest warning level, TCCOR One-E (emergency) was declared. Following Kompasu's passage, the emergency warning was changed to recovery as conditions improved. Throughout Okinawa, Kompasu brought strong winds and heavy rains, leaving an estimated 32,000 residences without power. The highest rainfall total was measured in Motobu at . Winds in excess of felled a 300-year-old tree. The Sion Pine Tree was the last of its kind on the island and was once the symbol of the northern Okinawa Region. The Okuma Recreation Facility sustained substantial damage and was closed to the public for at least a week. According to United States Air Force captain Adam Vaccarezza, concrete towers fell during the storm. Although Kompasu was a strong typhoon when it passed over Okinawa, no loss of life took place; however, five people were injured. Some homes sustained roof damage across the region, prompting a few evacuations. Additionally, Kompasu resulted in the cancellation of 432 flights to and from the island chain, stranding 57,126 people.
Alphaville is a German synthpop group which gained popularity in the 1980s. The founding members were Marian Gold (real name "Hartwig Schierbaum", born 26 May 1954 in Herford), Bernhard Lloyd (real name "Bernhard Gößling", born 6 June 1960 in Enger, North Rhine-Westphalia), and Frank Mertens (real name "Frank Sorgatz", born 26 October 1961 in Enger, North Rhine-Westphalia).  The band was at first named Forever Young before changing to Alphaville. They are best known for their two biggest hits, "Big in Japan" and "Forever Young".
Chula Vista (; , due to its scenic location between the San Diego Bay and coastal mountain foothills) is the second largest city in the San Diego metropolitan area as well as the 7th largest city in Southern California. In 2020, 275,487 people lived in Chula Vista. Economy. According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Transportation. Local area freeways. Local area freeways in within the city of Chula Vista include Arterial streets. East-West arterials North-South arterials
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious () is an English word, with 34 letters, that was a song with the same title in the Disney musical movie "Mary Poppins". The song was written by the Sherman Brothers, and sung by Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. It also appears in the stage show version of Mary Poppins. The writers of the "Oxford English Dictionary" revealed that the word "supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" was first used in 1931. The word is a compound word, and said by Richard Lederer in toes book "Crazy English" to be made up of these words: super- "above", cali- "beauty", fragilistic- "delicate", expiali- "to atone", and -docious "educable", with all of these parts combined meaning "Atoning for educability through delicate beauty." According to the movie, in which the word became widely used, the word is "something to say when you have nothing to say". However, a lot of people think the word means "extraordinarily good" or "wonderful" because all mentions of the word in the movie can be thought of as good.
Mount Olivet Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery in Chicago, Illinois. The cemetery is at 2755 West 111th St. There are over 142,200 people buried at the cemetery. The cemetery is 93 acres in size. It became one of the first major area cemeteries to become full before more land was purchased on its east side. Mount Olivet was the first burial place of Al Capone, who was put between the graves of his father and brother. A few years after his mother's death, the remains of all three men were moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois. Related pages. Cemeteries in Chicago:
Dominici is a progressive metal band that started in 2005 by former Dream Theater vocalist, Charlie Dominici. Their only published works are the three albums that make up the . Dominici also opened for three Dream Theater concerts, during Dream Theater's "Chaos in Motion Tour."
Pinball is a type of arcade game. In pinball, the player tries to score points by manipulating one or more metal balls on a playfield inside a glass-covered case called a pinball machine. The main objective of the game is to score as many points as the player can. Other objectives are to play as long as possible (by earning "extra balls" and keeping the ball in play as long as possible) and to earn free games (known as "replays"). From the 1940s through the 1970s pinball was banned in many American cities because it was thought to be a game of chance and therefore was considered gambling. The ban stopped in New York City in 1976, when Roger Sharpe, a player renowned for his talent, played so well in front of the City Council that he convinced them that pinball was indeed a game of skill, not just of luck.
Avebury is the site of the largest ancient monument in Great Britain. It consists of a large henge, several stone circles, stone avenues and barrows. The main henge and stone circle surrounds the village of Avebury in the English county of Wiltshire. Avebury is one of the finest and largest Neolithic monuments in Europe, about 5,000 years old. Although older than the megalithic stages of Stonehenge to the south, the two monuments were made by people of the same culture. At , Avebury is roughly midway between the towns of Marlborough and Calne, just off the main A4 road. Avebury is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, a World Heritage Site, and a National Trust property. On the World Heritage list, Avebury and Stonehenge are listed together as 'Avebury, Stonehenge and Associated Sites'. However, Stonehenge is really a different site built at a different time. Monument. Most of the surviving structure is composed of earthworks, known as the dykes, consisting of a massive ditch and external bank henge. Although the henge is not perfectly circular, it has a diameter of about . The only known comparable sites of similar date are only a quarter of the size of Avebury. The ditch alone was 21 metres (69 ft) wide and 11 metres (36 ft) deep, with a sample from its primary fill carbon dated to 3300 - 2630 BC (4300+/-90). Within the henge is a great outer circle. This is one of Europe's largest stone circles, with a diameter of , Britain's largest stone circle. It was either contemporary with, or built around four or five centuries after the earthworks. There were originally 98 sarsen standing stones, some weighing over 40 tons. The stones varied in height from 3.6 to 4.2 m, as exemplified at the north and south entrances. The fill from two of the stoneholes has been carbon dated to between 2900 and 2600 BC (3870+/-90, 4130+/-90) Nearer the middle of the monument are
A henge is a Neolithic earthwork. Henges are typical of the British Isles (for example Stonehenge), but there are a few similar structures in continental Europe. Henges have a ring bank and ditch. They are not thought to be primarily defensive, because their ditch is inside the wall or rampart. For defence, it would seem better to have the ditch outside the bank. That way, attackers would need to climb up further. Their function is thought to be mainly ceremonial. This is discussed often in relation to Stonehenge. Henges are divided into three types: