ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Safavid Empire or the Safavid Iran (Persian: شاهنشاهی صفوی, Šāhanšāhi-ye Safavi) was an Iranian empire. The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736 and 1750 to 1773) and, at their height, they controlled all of what is now Iran, Republic of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus including Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Origin and language. Originally of Kurdish origin, which began as a shia mystical order, which was non-tribal, the Safavids emerged as a hereditary lineage of Sufi sheiks centred in Ardabil, belonging to the Shafi'i school and possibly of Kurdish origin. The Safavid shahs spoke Persian. After the capital was moved to Isfahan. History. Safavid conquest of Iran. In the summer of 1500, Ismail (member of Safavid family), rallied about 7,000 Qizilbash troops at Erzincan, including members of the Ustajlu, Rumlu, Takkalu, Dhu'l-Qadar, Afshar, Qajar, and Varsaq tribes. Thus, the Safavids launched a new invasion from the east. Qizilbash forces passed over the Kura River in December 1500, and marched towards the Shirvanshah's state. They defeated the forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar near Cabanı (present-day Shamakhi Rayon, Azerbaijan Republic) or at Gulistan (present-day Gülüstan, Goranboy, Nagorno-Karabakh), and subsequently went on to conquer Baku. Thus, Shirvan and its dependencies (up to southern Dagestan in the north) were now Ismail's. The successful conquest had alarmed the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu, Alvand,
Cazenovia College was a private college in Cazenovia, New York. It had 800 students in Fall 2020. It closed in 2023. Cazenovia College started in 1824 with the name Genesee Seminary. It was called Cazenovia Seminary from 1894 to 1982.
Nikolay Gumilyov was an influential Russian and Soviet poet, literary critic and military officer who was arrested, jailed and executed by the Cheka, the secret police organization that became the KGB. Anna Akhmatova was his wife.
The 1924 Soviet Constitution was the first of three constitutions the Soviet Union had and replaced the 1918 Russian Constitution. The 1924 Constitution paved the way for later Soviet policies like the five-year plans. According to Archie Brown, none of the Soviet Constitutions were accurate guides to the political reality in the USSR. This constitution was later replaced by the 1936 Soviet Constitution and then the 1977 Soviet Constitution.
The 1977 Soviet Constitution was the final constitution of the USSR in effect from 1977 until the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991. It was also called the Constitution of Developed Socialism because the preamble to the 1977 Soviet Constitution says "The aim of the dictatorship of the proletariat having been fulfilled, the Soviet State has become the state of the whole people, representing everyone, not just the workers and peasants alone" The 1977 Constitution also led to some decentralization of powers from the central Soviet Communist Party to the governments underneath it. This constitution began to allow limited private enterprise, and loosened the hours citizens were required to work at state enterprises, especially during the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev. After Dissolution of USSR, Russia still used the 1977 Soviet Constitution until a was adopted after
Decentralization or decentralisation is the transfer of powers from a national government into the possession of the country's non-sovereign or semi-sovereign local governments of administrative divisions (state, provincial, municipal etc.) or to private entities or the citizens themselves.  Decentralization can also refer to a similar process of decentralizing power within a non-governmental organization such as a corporation.
Archie Brown (born 28 May 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Gent. On 11 August 2023 Archie signed a contract for 4 years at KAA Gent after playing for Lausanne Sport in Switzerland. He is the fourth Englishman to ever play for the Belgian club.
Shekhani (شیخانی) is a name for the Nuristani language spoken in Chitral District of northwestern Pakistan. Sheikhani is presumed to be a variety of Kata-vari language. It is one of the many Languages of Chitral. Around 12,000 people speak the language. Currently there is a Latin script and Arabic script being developed for Shekhani.· The Khowar name for it is ‘’Sheikhwar’’ which means “Language of the Sheikhs or converts”. It is currently endangered due to its isolation from other Nuristani languages and close proximity to Dardic and Iranian languages. Usage. The name "Shekhani" is used for the Eastern Kata-vari dialect. But because Kamviri in Chitral is borrowing many words from Shekhani, it is also called Kamviri and is now very close. Shekhani is known as "Sheikhwar" in Khowar while Kamviri is known as "Shekhaniwar". Some sources site Shekhani as a term used for the Nuristani dialects and languages, but some just use it for the Eastern Kata-vari dialect. Alphabet. Abdurrahman L. Rundi along with FLI created a alphabet and writing system in Nastaliq since 26 June, 2022.
The leader of the Soviet Union (, romanised: "Lider Sovetskogo Soyuza") was an informal term for the most important political figure in the Soviet Union. It was the "de facto" leader of the country. The leader controlled the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the Red Army, often held the title of CPSU General Secretary.  The state representative, head of state (president) or head of government (premier) weren't always necessarily the leader as under the Soviet Union's party-state system, CPSU roles were politically more important than state titles. However, most of the Soviet leaders were also the president and premier. The leader was the most power title in the country as all of the individuals who held the position except Georgy Malenkov were the most powerful figures in the country.
Collectivization or collectivisation is nationalization of enterprises and other property in communist states. Money and goods are shared more equally among the people. In theory, this system results in the gap between classes getting smaller. The state helps the nation's poorest people. The richest are subjected to higher taxes and economic restrictions.
The Bolshevik Initial Decrees were a series of edicts announced after the Bolshevik victory in the October Revolution of 1917. The decrees included:
"For the Supervillain, look at the page Thanos." The Llanos (Spanish "Los Llanos", "The Plains"; ) are a very big tropical grassland on flat land east of the Andes Mountains. The Llanos are in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. Ecologists call them an ecoregion. They put them in the same group with other tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and places where small trees and bushes grow. Geography. The Llanos go east to west. The Andes Mountains are on the west side of the Llanos and the Venezuelan Coastal Range of mountains are north of the Llanos. The Guiana Highlands are to the southeast, and the Negro-Branco moist forests are to the southwest. To the east the Orinoco wetlands and Orinoco Delta swamp forests in the Orinoco Delta. The Orinoco River is the biggest river in the Llanos. The Orinoco River goes from west to east. The Orinoco is the biggest and most important river in Venezuela. Climate. The Llanos have a tropical savanna climate and tropical monsoon climate. The rainy part of the year is April to November. The dry season is from December to March. The wettest months are typically June and July. In the southwest, the llanos get as much as of rain per year in the southwest, in Apure State, and per year in the Llanos of Monagas State in the northeast. The average temperature across the whole year is , and it does not change much with the seasons; the coldest months (June, July, December, and January) are only colder than the hottest months. Plants. The Llanos have open grasslands, savannas with some trees, and small forests. The most common forest in the Llanos is gallery forests that grow next to rivers and streams. The Llanos have grasslands that flood for part of the year "llano bajo" or "low llano") and grasslands that stay dry ("llano alto" "high llano"). The grass and woody plants in the ll
Farouk I (; Arabic: "فاروق الأول", full name: Farouk bin Ahmed Fuad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Ali bin Ibrahim Agha; 11 February 1920 — 18 March 1965) was the King of Egypt and the Sudan from 1936 until his abdication in 1952. His full title was "His Majesty Farouk I, by the grace of God, King of Egypt and the Sudan". As king, Farouk was known for his extravagant playboy lifestyle. After the death of his father, King Fuad I in 1936, Farouk became king at the age of 16. He was very popular among the people. However, as time went by, Farouk's popularity slowly declined, perhaps due to the corruption and incompetence of his government.  Eventually, the Egyptian military, led by General Mohamed Naguib and the other Free Officers started a coup d'état. This started the Egyptian Revolution. Farouk was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his infant son, Ahmed Fuad, who succeeded him as King Fuad II. However, a year later in 1953, the monarchy was abolished and Egypt was declared a republic. Mohamed Naguib became its first ever President. Farouk died in exile in Rome, Italy in 1965 at the age of 45. His sister, Princess Fawzia Fuad, was the first wife and consort of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
The "Suez Crisis" was the invasion of Egypt by Israel, the United Kingdom and France to regain control over the Suez Canal and remove then Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who nationalized the Suez Canal Company and Egypt's oil industry. Before 1956, the Suez Company owned the Suez Canal, a private corporation mostly owned by British and French investors. In 1956, Egyptian President Nasser nationalized the Canal. In other words, he took it away from the Suez Company and put the Egyptian government in control. Israel, the United Kingdom, and France invaded Egypt.
Bhadarwahi is a dialect of Punjabi, spoken in the Bhadarwah region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is an Indo-Aryan language from the Western Pahari languages. There are also some speakers in Pakistan.
This list includes all players from Kenya who have played at least one T20I match. List of players. "Last updated 20 November 2021."
This is a list of Italian Twenty20 International cricketers. "Statistics are correct as of 21 October 2021."
Zachary McLaughlin (born 24 May 1990) is a cricketer who played three Twenty20 Internationals for Cayman Islands in 2019.
Tarhan Erdem (1933 – 8 June 2022) was a Turkish politician. He was born in Kurucaşile, Turkey. He was a member of the Republican People's Party. Erdem was a member of the Member of the Grand National Assembly from 1977 until 1980. He was the Minister of Industry and Technology for one month in 1977. Erdem died on 8 June 2022 at a hospital in Bodrum, Turkey from problems caused by a stroke, aged 89.
Dame Maria Paula Figueiroa Rego (26 January 1935 – 8 June 2022) was a Portuguese-British visual artist. She was known for her paintings and prints based on storybooks. Her works were seen as abstract and used pastels. Her works were usually about feminism. She was the first artist-in-residence at the National Gallery in London. Rego died after a short illness, on 8 June 2022 in London at the age of 87.
Andrey Anatolyevich Shumilin (; 9 March 1970 – 8 June 2022) was a Russian wrestler. He competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics and came fourth. Shumilin died on 8 June 2022 at a hospital in Berlin, Germany from cancer, aged 52.
Vladimir Grigoryevich Yegorov (; 26 November 1938 – 8 June 2022) was a Russian politician and military person. He was the governor of Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia from 2001 to 2005. He was Admiral commanding the Baltic Fleet before he became governor. He was born in Moscow, Russia. Yegorov died in Kaliningrad, Russia on 8 June 2022, aged 83.
Stanley Fischer (; born October 15, 1943) is an Israeli-American economist. He was the 20th Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2017. Fisher was the 8th governor of the Bank of Israel from 2005 to 2013. He is a citizen of both Israel and the United States.  He was First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund and Chief Economist of the World Bank.  On January 10, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Fischer to be Vice-Chairman of the US Federal Reserve Board of Governors.  On September 6, 2017, Stanley Fischer announced that he was resigning as Vice-Chairman for personal reasons on October 13, 2017.
The Valet is a 2022 American romantic comedy movie directed by Richard Wong and written by Bob Fisher and Rob Greenberg. It is a remake of the French movie "The Valet" (2006). It stars Eugenio Derbez and Samara Weaving, with Max Greenfield, Betsy Brandt, Marisol Nichols, Amaury Nolasco, Carmen Salinas, Noemi Gonzalez, Armando Hernández, Carlos Santos, Ravi Patel, and John Pirruccello. The movie is about a parking valet (Derbez) who is hired to date an actress (Weaving) trying to cover up an affair. It was released on Hulu on May 20, 2022 to positive reviews.
The Backrooms is an urban legend started by a post on 4chan. It describes a large maze of empty yellow rooms. The 4chan post characterized the Backrooms' yellow wallpaper, the smell of moist carpet, and loud buzzing lights. The original 4chan post explained that people to fall into the Backrooms by “no-clipping”, which is a term used in video games in which things pass through a solid object. There are lots of levels, and some unknown creatures. In Kane Pixels backrooms found footage 1, the person gets chased by an entity and dies.  Since its creation, The Backrooms have been spread into other forms of media and Internet culture, including video games, memes, and a horror/science fiction web series. Some people on the internet have added on to the legend of the Backrooms by adding additional “levels” and dangerous creatures known as “entities” that inhabit the Backrooms. Some sources believe the Backrooms to have been the beginning of the internet's aesthetic of liminal spaces, which shows usually busy areas as unnaturally empty. The #liminalspaces hashtag has had nearly 100 million views on TikTok. A TikTok trend of videos that zoom in on Google Earth to reveal an entrance to the Backrooms have grown popular. Location. In May 2024, four people from Discord would eventually find the real location of the original Backrooms image from a photo taken back in 2003 in the WayBack Machine. The image was located at 807 Oregon Street, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. The place was a small HobbyTown store. According to the blog showing the image, the caption talked about a water leak that happened before the photo was taken:"Above is the original view of the East (Oval) room.  Notice no windows are visible?  You can not see in the pictures the extent of water damage, but it was there requiring all of this material to come out."Since then, the space has been renovated into an RC track. Reception. The concept of the Backrooms has been made popular by internet users. Some have created different sections of the Backrooms called "levels". There are thousands of levels found within fan
Central Asian Arabic (العربية الآسيوية الوسطى) is a severely endangered variety of Arabic historically spoken widely across Central Asia including Khorasan, but now dying out. Many are now switching to Persian or Tajik. History. Much of the region of Central Asia was under the rule of Islamic Arab caliphates. Many nomadic Arabs moved from Khuzestan and Oman to Samarkand and other parts of Central Asia. After Soviet forces took the region, Arabic started dying. The majority of Arabic speakers have switched to Dari in Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
Elizabeth Anne Cutler ( – ) was an Australian psycholinguist. She was the director emeritus of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics until 2012. Cutler was elected to fellowships of the Royal Society, the British Academy, and the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia during her career. She was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1999. She was a professor at Western Sydney University.
Aamir Liaquat Hussain (; 5 July 1971 – 9 June 2022) was a Pakistani politician, columnist and television host. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 to October 2021, when he resigned from the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. He was an assembly member before form 2002 until 2007. He also was the Minister of State for Religious Affairs from 2004 until 2007. Hussain was born in Karachi, Pakistan. Hussain died on 9 June 2022 at a hospital in Karachi, one month before his 51st birthday. A few hours before, he had a heart attack at his home.
Oleg Alekseyevich Moliboga (, ; 27 February 1953 – 9 June 2022) was a Soviet volleyball player and Russian volleyball coach. He was born in Dnipro, Soviet Union. He took part in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in 1976 and a gold medal in 1980. Moliboga died on 9 June 2022, aged 69.
Bajram Begaj (born 20 March 1967) is an Albanian former military officer and politician. He is the 9th President of Albania since 24 July 2022.  Begaj was the 26th Chief of General Staff of the Albanian Armed Forces from July 2020 to June 2022.  He is an independent, but was nominated to the presidency by the Socialist Party as the candidate to the fourth round of the 2022 presidential election. Begaj is the fifth president in the history of Albania to have a military background.
Scinax rossaferesae is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen it in and around Guartelá Canyon. The adult male frog is 27.8–31.6 mm long from nose to rear end. The iris of its eye is gold or yellow in color. Parts of its legs are light brown. The scientists who wrote the first paper about this frog named it after their friend Dr. Denise Rossa-Feres, a zoologist.
Hipra Laboratories, S.A. is a Spanish pharmaceutical multinational founded in 1954. It began in the field of veterinary medicine but is also developing a vaccine against COVID-19. History. The founder of the company is the Catalan pharmacist, veterinarian and chemist Joan Nogareda i Gifre, a native of Olot. In 1971, he acquired a Madrid-based companyand moved it to the province of Girona in 1954. Since 1973, its headquarters have been in Amer. His brother Ernest and Pere Casadevall are involved in the new company.  Human health. Since April 2020, Hipra has been developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with funding from the CDTI.2 Later, in November 2021, the vaccine went to phase 2 of human trials3, to finally start phase 3 in early 2022 with 3,000 volunteers in 20 hospitals, mainly from Spain but also from Italy and Portugal. The company expects to make 400 million doses in 2022, having already agreed a supply of 50 million doses with Vietnam. Animal health. Hipra markets a variety of products aimed at animal health, especially for farm animals but also for domestic animals such as pigeons and dogs. Hipra has seven veterinary products registered in Spain.
Domari is a language spoken by the Dom of the Middle East. It is an Indo-Aryan language. It is endangered because the young have shifted to Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Turkish and Kurdish.
&lt;/ref&gt; It is spoken by the Dard people in lower Indus Valley of Ladakh and Baltistan. Brokskat/Dardiarya is a branch of the Shina languages spoken in northern Pakistan.
President Samia Suluhu Hassan became Tanzania’s first female president in March 19, 2021, after the death of President John Pombe Magufuli, although, issues are still existing. Media. Despite President Hassan’s pledge to remove restrictions on the media, Tanzanian authorities continued to restrict the right to free expression, including through arbitrary arrests of journalists and critics of the government.  Refugees. Tanzanian authorities also failed to protect refugees’ rights. In 2021, Burundian refugees in Tanzania reported threats and harassment by security forces.  Elections. The authorities have not done investigations into serious abuses in the 2020 elections.
Trainer was a British TV show. It was on the BBC between 1991 and 1992. It was produced by Gerard Glaister as a follow-up to the show "Howards' Way".  Trainer is about horse racing.
Fernando dos Santos Pedro (born 1 March 1999), player name Fernando, is a Brazilian footballer. He plays as a forward for FC Red Bull Salzburg. Career. Club. He started his career with Palmeiras São Paulo. In 2018 he went to the Ukrainian team Shakhtar Donetsk. 2019 he went on loan to Sporting Lissabon for the 2019–20 season but came back already in January 2020. In April 2022, Red Bull Salzburg announced the signing of Fernando from Shakhtar Donetsk. He came to Salzburg for training, because the league was stopped due to the war in Ukraine. After 3 years he left Salzburg and moved to Red Bull Bragantino.  Honours. Club. Shakhtar Donetsk
The Museum Island (German: "Museuminsel") is a collection of museums in the northern part of the Spree Island in Berlin. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It includes five famous museums: the Altes Museum, the Neues Museum, the Alte Nationalgalerie, the Bode-Museum, and the Pergamonmuseum. The complex also consists of the Berliner Dom and Lustgarten. Different architects built the museums between 1830 and 1930. The Museums are part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (SMB), (German: National Museums of Berlin).  History and Development. 19th Century. The Altes Museum by Karl Friedrich Schinkel opened in 1830. It was the first museum to be built. The Neues Museum was built in 1855 by architect Friedrich August Stüler The third museum, the Alte Nationalgalerie, opened in 1876 and was built by Johann Heinrich Strack. The fourth museum was the Bode Museum in 1904 by Ernst von Ihne. Finally, the Pergamon Museum by Alfred Messel and Ludwig Hoffmann opened in 1930.   King Frederick William IV of Prussia set aside the island as an " open space for art and science" in 1841. The original plan was to have a Königlisches Museum be several buildings surrounding a Lustgarten. The plan was not to have one museum contain several genres and cultural regions. Instead, the island would have separate museum buildings for different regions and epochs. This layout was different than other museums like the Louvre or the British Museum.  The development of the museums followed a particle mission of education. The educated social class of the 19th century (Bildungsbürgertum) called for openly accessible art. The educator and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt, who supported public education, was also in charge of developing the museums. Thus, the museums were created to be for the public. The Altes Museum would become Prussia's first public museum.  In the 1870s, the island began to be called Museum Island. The Pruss
Jesús y Montes Claros de los Caballeros del Vallegrande, known simply as Vallegrande, is a municipality and small city in Bolivia, capital of the Vallegrande province in the department of Santa Cruz. It borders the provinces of Florida and Manuel María Caballero. History. During colonial times, communications between Charcas and Santa Cruz were very dangerous due to the presence of chiriguano Indians. This is the reason why the viceroy of Lima decided to populate the area to maintain communications. It was founded by Pedro Lucio Escalante y Mendoza on March 30 in 1612.
The Sovereign citizen movement is a loose political movement of tax protesters, conspiracy theorists, activists, auditors and certain other people who claim to be answerable only to their interpretation of laws and that governments and courts only have legitimate jurisdiction over them if they consent to be ruled.  These people call themselves sovereign citizens, sovereign beings and similar terms. Sovereign citizens and their counterparts in British Commonwealth countries, freemen on the land, claim most forms of taxation, especially income taxes and property taxes, as illegitimate, and don't recognize government currencies as legal tender.  The FBI classifies the sovereign citizen movement as a domestic terrorism movement.