ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Intersectionality or intersectional theory studies the relation between the many different ways that people are kept in a lower social position, controlled, and left out of important parts of society because of their differences. Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw gave the name "intersectionality" to this concept in 1989.  Sometimes, a society decides that a group of people is different from itself. When they do this, they "other" that group or marginalize them. Intersectionality points out that people are often othered for more than one reason. These reasons might be Because of this, it suggests that these types of othering cannot be looked at by themselves. They must be looked at together. For example, a person can be othered because they are a woman, a person of color, a poor person, and a disabled person at the same time. These different forms of othering make each other worse, shape, and prop each other up. This means that the experience of being othered for all of these reasons differs from what would happen if you added them. Because of this, fighting each one alone would not help the people who experience many of them together. Intersectionality says that the different ways people are othered and forced into a lower social position, such as racism, sexism, classism, ableism, homophobia, transphobia, xenophobia and bigotry based on belief, create an entire system. In this system, each of the ways people are held down by society contributes to the other. So if someone wanted to understand how society began to other a group of people as a race apart from themselves (racialization), they would have to look into the ways that gender, class, sexuality, and other parts of identity shaped this process. Intersectionality began as a way to understand how women of color in American society were othered. The women who developed the theory were challenging the feminism of their time. They saw it as being too focused on the issues of wealthy white women. They felt this left behind the women who needed feminism the most and only helped the women who already had the most power. They were also criticizing the Civil Rights Movement. They saw it as being too focused on men and leaving women of color
Daniel Edgar Sickles (1819–1914) was a controversial New York politician, diplomat, and political general during the American Civil War. He was the first person to successfully use the Temporary insanity defense as a legal defense. As a result, he was acquitted of killing his wife’s lover, Francis Barton Key (son of Francis Scott Key). As a general, he was a political appointee who gained his high rank strictly through political influence. Without any military experience or training, Sickles found it difficult to follow orders. In spite of his battlefield failures, he managed to get himself awarded the Medal of Honor. Early life. Sickles was born in New York City on October 20, 1819. He was the son of George Garrett Sickles and Susan Marsh Sickles. At a young age he kept running away from home. His parents sent him to boarding school when he was 15 years old but he had to leave after a fight with a teacher. He became a printer's helper for a year before returning to New York City. There he developed the habit of hanging out with prostitutes and others with poor reputations. His parents decided he needed a good education and arranged for him to live in the Da Ponte household. Sickles was to be tutored by the elderly Professor Lorenzo Da Ponte. He was already friends with the younger Professor Da Ponte, who was in his 30s at the time. Sickles' parents hoped the friendship would be a good influence on Sickles. Maria Cooke, a young American girl also lived in the household. She was about the same age as Sickles. She was thought to be the natural daughter of the elder Da Ponte who adopted her. Her husband, Antonio Bagioli and their infant daughter, Maria, also lived with the Da Ponte family. At the time she was 3 years old, Sickles was 20. They would marry some 13 years later. Politics. Sickles then studied law at New York University. Afterwards he became involved in politics and was a key figure in the Tammany Hall political machine. He also served as their legal counsel. Through political influence he became the Corporate Council for New York City, Secretary of
The Thouet is a river in western France, flowing through the Deux-Sèvres and Maine-et-Loire departments, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Pays de la Loire regions. It is one of the last left tributary of the Loire river. Geography. The Thouet river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Course. The Thouet starts in the "Gâtine" plateau, west of the Deux-Sèvres department, in the "commune" of Le Beugnon, near Secondigny and close to the source of the Sèvre Nantaise river, at an elevation of about . From the source to Parthenay the river flows in a generally southwest-northwest direction. To the east of Parthenay, the river turns north and flows on a generally northward direction for the rest of its course. Finally, the river flows into the Loire river in the city of Saumur. The Thouet flows through 2 regions, 2 departments and 34 "communes"; some of them are: Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Thouet river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries:
The Amambay department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Pedro Juan Caballero. Its code is PY-13. The name comes from the name of a part of the Caaguazú Cordillera, the "Amambay Cordillera" (). "Amambay" (or "amambái") means "fern" in Guaraní language; ferns are common in the forests of the region. History. The town of Pedro Juan Caballero was found in 1893, and Bella Vista, in 1902. The department of Amambay was created in 1945 as the No. 10 department of the country. After some reorganization it was declared as the No. 13 department., Pedro Juan Caballero, the capital of the department, is still known by its old name, "Punta Porá", because is near the "Punta Porá" Hill; that name was used by the people that transported yerba mate from Mato Grosso to Concepción. The BrazilIan municipality across the border, Ponta Porã (Mato Grosso do Sul), keeps the name. Geography. The Amambay department is in the north part of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , with a population of 125,611 for a Population density of . Amambay is the highest of the Paraguayan departments, high, and the "Punta Porá" Hill, high, is one the highest point in the country. Rivers. The main rivers in the department are the Apa in the north, and the Ypané and the Aquidabán rivers in the central part of the department. Climate. , the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Pedro Juan Caballero was . The month with the most precipitation was February with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was May with . The average temperature for the year 2012 in Pedro Juan Caballero was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of . Districts. The department is divided in 5 districts:
The Darwin–Wallace Medal is awarded by the Linnean Society of London for "major advances in evolutionary biology". The medals have been awarded every 50 years, beginning in 1908. That year marked 50 years after the joint presentation of papers by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. These were "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties"; and "On the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". The papers were both about natural selection as the main cause of evolution. The papers were presented to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858.  Wallace was one of the first to get of the medal. In his case it was made of gold, rather than the silver versions given to the six other medallists. However, in 2008 the Linnean Society announced that due to the continuing importance of evolutionary research, the medal will be awarded on an annual basis beginning in 2010. Awardees. 1908. The first award was of a gold medal to Alfred Russel Wallace, and silver medals to six other distinguished scientists: 1958. 20 silver medals were awarded: 2008. 13 silver medals were awarded, including 2 posthumously:
Khan Academy is a non-profit educational organization. It has been created by Sal Khan. Khan Academy is available on the internet for free. Khan Academy teaches by using YouTube videos of short lectures of certain topics, as well as by using practice exercises and tools that help with learning. It is available in many different languages, but mostly English. Khan Academy teaches mostly about mathematics, but also teaches biology, chemistry, physics, history, astronomy, cosmology, American civics, art history, economics, music, computer programming and computer science, healthcare, medicine, and finance. In the YouTube videos that Khan Academy makes, they record diagrams being drawn from a tablet using the screen capture software called Camtasia Studio.
Untersteckholz was a municipality in Aarwangen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the Untersteckholz became part of Langenthal.
Uttigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipality of Kienersrüti merged into the municipality of Uttigen.
A political general is a term used by historians and most often applies to the American Civil War. In this context, it means a General officer who does not have formal military training or experience and who gained his position through political influence. To a lesser degree, it can also mean generals who engaged in politics during or after their time as a general. A "political general" can seem to be a contradiction in terms in a country such as the United States where by law the military is under civilian authority. An example was Dwight D. Eisenhower, who graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1915. He was an experienced staff officer who commanded the invasions of North Africa and Western Europe. Eisenhower developed the political skills to deal with his British and American officers as well as political leaders. He later became President of the United States.  Background. In history, many great generals were also political leaders. Julius Caesar was a general who became the dictator of Rome in 44 BC. Genghis Khan was the son of a Mongol chieftain who became a general and then the leader of the Mongol Empire. As a general, Alexander the Great never lost a battle. He was a king who was also a general. In the British Army of the 17th and 18th centuries, the officers were often aristocrats and most obtained their rank by purchase. In American history up to the Civil war, there had been a long line of amateur military leaders going back to the colonial militias. Before he led the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, George Washington had little military experience. Andrew Jackson only had experience in the American Indian Wars. But he successfully defeated a larger and more professional British army at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812.  During the American Civil War, two great armies were raised that were made up largely of citizen-soldiers. There simply were not enough trained generals to lead all these men. Both Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis appointed political generals, some of whom later proved to be incompetent. Others proved to be good or even great generals. Many of these generals had very little or no military training before being commissioned a general. Confederate general
Sir E. Ray Lankester KCB, FRS (15 May 1847 – 13 August 1929) was a British zoologist, born in London. Ray Lankester was an invertebrate zoologist and evolutionary biologist. He was Professor of Zoology at University College London and Oxford University. He was the third Director of the Natural History Museum, and was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. E. (Edwin: his first name was never used) Ray Lankester was the son of Edwin Lankester, a coroner and doctor-naturalist who helped abolish cholera in London. Ray Lankester was probably named after the naturalist John Ray.
The August 2016 Central Italy earthquake was a natural disaster that struck Central Italy on 24 August 2016 at 03:36 CEST. Its epicentre was close to Accumoli. It was followed by 40 strong aftershocks. More than 250 people were killed by the earthquake.
A citation or source citation is a reference to a published work (for example, a book, article, image, etc.,) that is used when creating a written work. It shows readers where specific pieces of information came from and where readers can locate it for themselves. It acknowledges or gives credit to the author who actually created the content being used in a paper. The opposite of a citation is plagiarism, or not giving credit to others for their ideas, concepts, or images. Plagiarism, especially in academia, is considered taking the work of others and presenting it as one's own. The penalties for plagiarism can be severe. Source citations also give a work credibility. In other words, it shows the information is simply not made up. What to cite. In general, different academic situations will have different rules for what to cite and how to cite it. Some use footnotes while others may require in-text (also called inline) source citations.(←) Some may require a bibliography which lists all works that were used. In some cases, it may only be necessary to provide a list of "works cited." It is important to know in advance what protocols must be used and what citation style (see below) is preferred. For example: "Quality or junk? How do you want your research described by others?" Example (original text): "And there is only one fault so obvious, so fundamental, that it instantly brands a piece of work as the product of an amateur or careless researcher: "poor source citations"". Paraphrased: Poor quality source citations usually indicate that a piece of work is either careless research or the work of an amateur. Example (original text): "When you don’t know when to cite, you end up plagiarizing which is just a big word for stealing and that’s mean. And when you plagiarize, you also get an “F” and people think, “Dude, that kid is one dumb bunny.” Let’s avoid that, shall we?" Summarized: When you do not understand source citations, it is easy to plagiarize someone else's work. So you do not get an "F" for your work, the following are the basic rules. What
Nihal Naj Ali Al-Awlaqi or Nihal Naji Ali Al Awlaki (Arabic: نهال ناجي علي العولقي ) is a Yemeni lawyer. She is Yemen’s Minister of Legal Affairs. In 2016 she received the International Women of Courage Award. Life. Al-Awalqi is from the Shabwah Governorate in Yemen. At the time of her appointment as Minister of Legal Affairs, on September 9, 2016, she was 39 years old. Al-Awalqi received a Doctor of Laws degree with honors from Mohammed V University in Morocco. She also received a Master of Law and a Bachelor of Legal Sciences from Mohammed V. University. She speaks Arabic, English, and French. Work. Al-Awalqi was an assistant law professor at the University of Aden, where she worked on research and training on the status of women. She was a member of the comprehensive national dialogue conference state-building team. She was a member of the constitution drafting committee. She was a member of the government negotiating team in Geneva. On September 9, 2016, Yemen President Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi appointed al-Awaqi as Minister of Legal Affairs ( وزيراً للشؤون القانونية ).
Elqui Province () is one of three provinces in the Chilean region of Coquimbo (IV). Its capital is the city of Coquimbo. It is named after the main river of the province: the Elqui River river. Geography. The Elqui province has an area of , the largest province in the Coquimbo region. Elqui is bordered on the north by the Atacama region (Huasco province), on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Limarí province and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The main river of the province is the Elqui river that is long. In the valley of the river, fruits, including grapes, are grown. Population.  (last national census), there were 365,371 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km², the province of the region with more people living in it. The largest city of the province is La Serena with a population, in 2002, of 160,148 inhabitants. Administration. As a province, Elqui is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes ("comunas"). The city of Coquimbo serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Limarí Province () is one of three provinces of the Chilean region of Coquimbo Region (IV). Its capital is the city of Ovalle. It is named after the main river of the province: the Limarí River. Geography. The Limarí province has an area of , the second largest province in the Coquimbo region. Limarí is bordered on the north by the Elqui province, on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Choapa province and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The main river of the province is the Limarí river that is long. Population.  (last national census), there were 156,158 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is Ovalle, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 66,405 inhabitants. Administration. As a province, Limarí is a second-level administrative division, consisting of five communes ("comunas"). The city of Ovalle serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Choapa Province () is one of three provinces of the Chilean region of Coquimbo Region (IV). Its capital is the city of Illapel Geography. The Choapa province has an area of , the smallest province in the Coquimbo region. Choapa is bordered on the north by the Limarí province, on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Valparaíso region and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Population.  (last national census), there were 81,681 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is Illapel, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 30,355 inhabitants. Administration. As a province, Limarí is a second-level administrative division, consisting of four communes ("comunas"). The city of Illapel serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Tunisia may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Homosexuality is illegal in the Republic of Tunisia and the law does not include sexual orientation or gender identity in its civil rights laws and there is no legal recognition for same-sex couples. According to the 2013 Pew Global Attitudes Project, 93% of Tunisian adults do not believe that homosexuality is acceptable by society. Tunisia is socially conservative when it comes to such issues as homosexuality. There are a few led organised LGBT Human rights movements such as the movement named "Shams". Mostly Tunisians are generally Muslims with traditional values, and traditional Islamic attitudes and mores look down upon Homosexuality and cross-dressing as signs of decadence and Immorality. But Tunisian Cross-dressers are not expressly Illegal in the country. Male prostitution workers occur in some Tunisian tourist resorts. The so-called Minister for Human Rights Samir Dilou stated that "Freedom of Speech has its limits", Homosexuality is a "perversion", and gay people needed to be "treated medically" for this. His comments were condemned by many in Tunisian society who posted pro-LGBT pictures on social networking sites. In June 2012, Dilou rejected the recommendation of the United Nations Human Rights Committee for Tunisia to decriminalise same-sex sexual acts, stating that the concept of "Sexual orientation is specific to the west" which is not true and is overridden by Tunisian Law, which "clearly describes Tunisia as an fellow Arab Muslim country". In May of 2016, several LGBTI Associations organised a small, discreet Gay Pride reception in Tunis. Associations also organised events and public demonstrations to mark the International Day against Homophobia in May. Public Tunisian Opinion: Public opinion regarding its LGBT Human rights is complex. According to a 2014 Survey Poll by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, 18% of Tunisian people were in favour of legalising Same-sex marriages, with 62% being opposed to such legislation of legalisation.
Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse (INSA Toulouse, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Toulouse) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Toulouse (Southern France). Its different curricula lead to the following French &amp; European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at INSA Toulouse. Research labs. Research activities at INSA Toulouse relate to the following topics:
The 1909 Cherry Mine disaster was a fire that occurred in Cherry, Illinois on November 13, 1909 in the Cherry Coal mine. Of the approximately 500 miners who reported to work that day, 259 men and boys (some as young as 10 years old) lost their lives. It was the second worst mine disaster in United States History. Background. During the early 20th century, coal miners risked their lives every day. During the first decade of the 20th century, on average about six miners died every month in Northern Illinois coal mines. Between 1905 and 1930 in the U.S. it totaled about 2,000 deaths per year. The Cherry Mine was operated by the St. Paul Coal Company. It opened in 1905 and by 1909 was producing 300,000 tons of coal a year. The mine was a modern state of the art mine for its time. It had two vertical shafts, one of which blew blew air into the mine and was also used if miners needed to escape. The other shaft had elevators that lowered men and supplies, and brought out the coal. Most of the miners were from Europe and were new to America. Many lived in nearby towns such as Streator, Illinois or other towns on the Illinois River. November 13th. There were three veins of coal, two of which were being worked that day. About 300 men worked the second vein while about 200 worked the third and deepest vein. In order to reach the third level, miners had to use the escape shaft and take a different elevator. On the morning of November 13, the electricity that lit the mine was not working. This was a common problem in the mine. When there was no electricity, miners used kerosene lamps to light the mine. A mine car full of hay to feed the mules that worked in the mine caught fire. The fire quickly spread and was out of control. Many of the miners burned to death while others died of suffocation from the toxic fumes.  About forty-five minutes after the fire started, men were told to abandon the mine. About 10 to 12 cages full of
Prosopis tamarugo, commonly known as tamarugo, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is found only in the dry northern regions of Chile. Description. "Prosopis tamarugo" are trees that could grow up to tall but usually they are, on average, tall and the trunk is wide. The young branches have spines. Flowers grow together in inflorescences and their pollination is made by bees. Where it grows. The plant grows only in the Pampa del Tamarugal, some east of the city of Iquique. The Pampa del Tamarugal is a plain between 19°33' S and 21°50' S, and an altitude from . Even if the Pampa del Tamarugal is very dry, the "Prosopis tamarugo" can use the relatively shallow ground water. Uses. The wood and dry leaves of "Prosopis tamarugo" are used as firewood; the wood is also used for lumber. Leaves and fruits are used as food to animals, mainly to ruminants as cattle, sheep and goats. Fruits are sweet and people can eat them.