ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Historically, the United States economy did better on average when Democrats were US President than when Republicans were US President. This was certainly true over the last several decades. The reasons for this are uncertain and debated. Ten of the 11 US recessions between 1953 and 2020 began under Republican US Presidents. Job creation. "Job creation" refers to the number of net jobs added, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports on a monthly basis.  Journalist Glenn Kessler of "The Washington Post" summarized the total job creation by US President. For the 13 US Presidents starting from Harry Truman, total job creation was about 70.5 million for the 7 Democratic US Presidents and 29.1 million for the 6 Republican US Presidents. The Democratic US Presidents were in office for a total of 429 months, with 164,000 jobs per month added on average, while the Republican US Presidents were in office for 475 months, with a 61,000 jobs added per month average. This monthly average rate was 2.4 times faster under Democratic US Presidents. Former President Bill Clinton said in 2012 that since 1961, Democratic US Presidents produced 42 million jobs in 24 years while Republicans produced 24 million jobs in 28 years. Economists Alan Blinder and Mark Watson said that, for the 1949-2012 time period, annual job growth was 2.6% for Democratic US Presidents and 1.2% for Republican US Presidents. GDP growth. GDP is a measure of both economic production and income. "The Economist" reported in August 2014 that real (inflation-adjusted) GDP growth was about 1.8% greater under Democratic US Presidents, from Truman up to Obama's first term, which ended in January 2013. Blinder and Watson calculated the average Democratic real GDP growth rate as 4.3%, vs. 2.5% for Republicans, from President Truman's elected term up to President Obama's first term, which ended January 2013. "CNN" said in September 2020 that annual average GDP growth was 4.1% under Democratic US Presidents and 2
James I, Count of La Marche (1319 – 6 April 1362) was a French prince, the younger son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and the younger brother of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon. He was killed in 1362 at the Battle of Brignais, during the Hundred Years' War between the House of Plantagenet (which ruled over England and parts of France) and the House of Valois (which ruled over most of France). He was the father of John I, Count of La Marche, who married Catherine of Vendome and together had a son named Louis, Count of Vendome. James is also the male-line ancestor of Henry IV of France, the first French King from the House of Bourbon.
The Pitch Lake is the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world. It is estimated to contain 10 million tons of asphalt. It can be found in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, inside the Siparia Regional Corporation. The lake covers about 100 acres (0,405 square kilometres). The lake is 250 feet (76,2 metres) deep. History. The Pitch Lake has been very interesting to explorers and scientists. It was re-discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh in his expedition there in 1595. Raleigh himself used the asphalt to caulk his ship. The native Amerindians told Raleigh where he can find the lake. The native Amerindians had their own story about where the lake came from. The story goes that the people living there were celebrating a victory over a rival tribe when they got carried away in their celebration. They then cooked and ate the sacred hummingbird which they believed possessed the souls of their ancestors. According to legend, their winged God punished them by opening the earth and calling the pitch lake to swallow the entire village. So, the lake became a reminder of their sins. The local villages believe this legend because found many Amerindian artifacts and a skull that have been discovered and preserved, in the pitch. In 1887, Amzi Barber, an American businessman known as "The Asphalt King", got a 42-year monopoly concession from the British Government for the Pitch Lake for his company, Barber Asphalt Paving Co. It was from the Pitch Lake that many of the first asphalt roads of New York City, Washington D.C., and other Eastern U.S. cities were paved.
In computer science, operational transformation is a technique in building collaborative software systems. System architecture. Collaboration systems using operational transformations typically use replicated document storage where each user has their own copy of the document. Users operate on their own local copies. Their changes are then pushed to the rest of the users. When a user receives the changes pushed from another user, they typically transform the changes before executing them. Basics.  The idea of operational transformation is to transform (or adjust) the variables of an editing operation according to the effects of previously executed operations so that the transformed operation can achieve the correct effect and maintain document consistency. Operational transformation can be shown by using the example of a text editing scenario. Given a text document with a string "abc" replicated at two collaborating sites; and two concurrent operations: generated by two users at sites one and two, suppose the two operations are executed in the order of O1 and O2 (at site one). After executing O1, the document becomes "xabc". To execute O2 after O1, O2 must be transformed against O1 to become: O2' = Delete[3, "c"], whose position variable is incremented by one due to the insertion of one character "x" by O1. Executing O2' on "xabc" deletes the correct character "c" and the document becomes "xab". However, if O2 is executed without transformation, it incorrectly deletes character "b" rather than "c".
J. Martin Hunter (1937 – 9 October 2021) was a British lawyer specializing in arbitration. He was an emeritus professor at Nottingham Trent University. Education. Hunter attended The Pilgrims' School, Winchester, then the Shrewsbury School. He attended National Military Service, then studied at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He holds bachelor of arts (Law) from the University of Cambridge. Career. Hunter was an articled clerk at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. After studied at the College of Law, London, he became an associate at Freshfields and a partner. He also became a member of the International Bar Association in 1967. Death. Martin died on 9 October 2021 at the age of 84.
Markiyan Markiyanovych Malsky (; born 11 December 1984) is a Ukrainian politician. He is a former Governor of Lviv Oblast (from 5 July till 26 December 2019). Education. Malsky holds master's degree in International Economic Relations from the University of Lviv and Master of Law diplomas. He also studied at Stockholm University (Sweden) (LL.M. in international commercial arbitration, magna cum laude) and at the World Trade Institute (Bern, Switzerland) (Master of International Law and Economics, summa cum laude). In 2012, he received a PhD in Law from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He Obtained PhD hab. degree in Law in September 2020.
Hadiza Isma El-Rufai (born June 21, 1960) is a Nigerian writer and wife to the current governor of Kaduna State, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai.  Education. El-Rufai has a Bachelor's degree and Master's degree in architecture. She also has a MBA from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. She also has a Masters in Creative Writing from Bath Spa University, England.
Gilbert Guillaume (born 4 December 1930) is a French jurist. He served as Judge of the International Court of Justice be and served as its president between.  Biography. Guillaume was born in Bois-Colombes. He is member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.
Jacques d'Amboise (born Joseph Jacques Ahearn, July 28, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American ballet dancer, choreographer, actor and educator. He began working for the New York City Ballet in 1949 and was named principal dancer in 1953. He also starred in "Seven Brides for Seven Brothers" and "Carousel". D'Amboise founded the National Dance Institute in 1976 to promote dance to children. He received the MacArthur Fellowship in 1990, the Kennedy Center Honors in 1995 and the National Medal of Arts in 1998. D'Amboise died at his home in Manhattan on May 2, 2021 from problems caused by a stroke, at the age of 86.
There is a well established chronology of the reigns of rulers in Ancient Manipur (Ancient Kangleipak) before the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba () of the Ningthouja dynasty, that is before 33 AD. According to ancient sources, Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa fought fierce battles against the Khaba-Nganba dynasty to win over the sacred city of Kangla in Ancient Manipur. First ten rulers. There is a genealogy of ten successive foremost rulers in ancient Manipur kingdom.  After the reigns of these ten kings, there is a great historical gap, from 1199 BC to 44 BC. Rulers after the great historical gap. After this, the reign of Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa started from 33 AD, with the annexation of the Kangla by the Ningthouja dynasty. Achievements and Development. Invention of Polo. The present day game polo was originally developed from the traditional Sagol Kangjei game, which was invented by King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC- 1359 BC). Invention of calendar. During the reign of Maliyapham Palcha (aka. Mariyafambalcha) (1359 BC- 1329 BC), the present day Meitei calendar was invented and developed in a systematic way for public usage. Civilizational upgradations. During the reign of Poireiton, a semi-historical and semi-mythical ruler, there were much advancements in the civilization.
Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Latin: "Shavkat Miromonovich (Miromon o‘g‘li) Mirziyoyev", Uzbek Cyrillic: "Шавкат Миромонович (Миромон ўғли) Мирзиёев"; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician. He has been the President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 2016. Following the death of President Islam Karimov, he was appointed by the Supreme Assembly as interim president of Uzbekistan on 8 September 2016. In October 2021, Shavkat Mirziyoyev was re-elected President of Uzbekistan.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan () is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of President was created in 1991, replacing the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR. The president is directly elected for a term of five years, by citizens of Uzbekistan who have reached 18 years of age.
This is a list of prime ministers of Uzbekistan (), from the creation of the office in 1917 to the present day. The current prime minister, Abdulla Aripov, assumed the office on 14 December 2016.
Gulnara Islamovna Karimova (Cyrillic Uzbek: ; , ; born 8 July 1972) is an Uzbekistani diplomat and the elder daughter of Islam Karimov, the leader of Uzbekistan from 1989 to his death in 2016.  Karimova is the founder of the Forum of Culture and Arts of Uzbekistan Foundation. Many believed that she would have replaced her father as President of Uzbekistan, however, after 2013, Gulnara had conflict with her father, and she began to rapidly lose influence in Uzbekistan. Karimova was placed under house arrest in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in November 2014 because of money laundering.
Romani people in Romania are Romanian citizens who are of Romani descent. The Roma are one of Romania's largest minorities. The Roma are the second largest ethnic group in Romania after Hungarians. According to the 2011 census, 621,573 Roma lived in Romania. They constitute 3.08% of the total Romanian population. The Turkish speaking Muslim Xoraxane Roma, lives in Dobruja and made 1,8% of the population. The size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania is even more, with different estimates varying from 4.6 percent to over 10 percent of the population, because many people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Roma. For example, in 2007 the Council of Europe estimated that approximately 1.85 million Roma lived in Romania, based on an average between the lowest estimate (1.2 to 2.2 million people) and the highest estimate (1.8 to 2.5 million people) available at the time. This figure is equivalent to 8.32% of the population. On the other hand, less than half are native speakers of the Romani language.
Jamshid Khilolovich Karimov (Tajik: Ҷамшед Хилолович Каримов, ; born August 4, 1940) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan between December 2, 1994 and February 8, 1996. He is a cousin of former President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov.  From June 20, 1997 to 2002 he was Tajik Ambassador to China. He was born in Dushanbe.
Stephen Douglas" "Mongo" "McMichael (born October 17, 1957) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL), former professional wrestler, commentator, and head coach. McMichael played college football for the University of Texas at Austin, and was an All-American. He played for the New England Patriots, Chicago Bears, and Green Bay Packers, winning Super Bowl XX with the Bears in January 1986. During his professional wrestling career, McMichael was known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW).  From 2007 to 2013, McMichael was the head coach of the Chicago Slaughter. In 2013, he finished second in his campaign for mayor of Romeoville, Illinois. In April 2021, McMichael announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Lynn Ann Conway (January 2, 1938 – June 9, 2024) was an American computer scientist, electrical engineer, inventor, and transgender activist for LGBT rights. She worked at IBM in the 1960s. She was known for her invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling. She was also widely-known for the Mead &amp; Conway revolution with Carver Mead. Born a male, Conway transitioned into a woman. After IBM found out about this, she was fired in 1968. In 2020, IBM apologized for firing Conway. Conway died from a heart disease at her home in Jackson, Michigan, on June 9, 2024, at the age of 86.
Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov (; born 21 October 1945) is a Russian filmmaker, actor, and head of the Russian Cinematographers' Union. He was nominated for the Academy Award (1993) for the movie "Close to Eden". He won an Academy Award (1995) for Best Foreign Language Film and the Grand Prix of the Cannes Film Festival (1994) for the movie "Burnt by the Sun". In 1996, he was the head of the jury at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.
Black Adam is a 2022 American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, New Line Cinema, Seven Bucks Productions, and FlynnPictureCo., and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by Adam Sztykiel and Rory Haines &amp; Sohrab Noshirvani. The movie is a spin-off from "Shazam!" (2019) and the eleventh movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The movie stars Dwayne Johnson as Teth-Adam / Black Adam alongside Noah Centineo, Aldis Hodge, Sarah Shahi, Quintessa Swindell, and Pierce Brosnan. "Black Adam" released in the United States on October 21, 2022. Plot. In 2600 BC, the tyrannical king of Kahndaq, Ahk-Ton, creates the Crown of Sabbac, which gives the wearer great power. After attempting to stage a revolt, a young slave boy is given the powers of Shazam by the Council of Wizards, transforming him into Kahndaq's heroic champion, who kills Ahk-Ton and ends his reign. In the present day, Kahndaq is oppressed by the Intergang. Archaeologist and resistance fighter Adrianna Tomaz tries to locate the Crown of Sabbac with the help of her brother Karim and their colleagues Samir and Ishmael. As Adrianna obtains the crown, Intergang ambushes them, and Samir is killed. Adrianna reads an incantation that awakens Teth-Adam, whom she believes to be Kahndaq's champion, from a slumber. Adam slaughters most of the Intergang troops. US government official Amanda Waller deems Adam a threat and contacts the Justice Society—Hawkman, Doctor Fate, Cyclone, and Atom Smasher—to take him into custody. The Justice Society arrives in time to stop Adam from causing further destruction to Kahndaq and Intergang's troops, before explaining to Adrianna that Adam was not a savior who was entombed
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (; ) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language buddy road comedy drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani of Excel Entertainment. The movie features an ensemble cast consisting of Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, and Kalki Koechlin. It was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of . The music and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. "Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara" was worldwide released in 1,800 screens on July 15, 2011. It was a critical and commercial success that grossed and received critical acclaim for its performances, story, music, humour, and direction. After its theatrical run, the movie was nominated for and won several awards, including two National Film Awards.
The Flash is an American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, The Disco Factory, and Double Dream, and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Background. The movie is directed by Andy Muschietti from a screenplay by Christina Hodson. It stars Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash alongside Ben Affleck, Michael Keaton, Sasha Calle, Kiersey Clemons, Maribel Verdú, and Ron Livingston. In "The Flash", Allen travels back in time to prevent his mother's murder, which causes many problems. The movie is inspired by the comic book storyline "Flashpoint", featuring multiple DC Comics characters including Affleck and Keaton as different versions of Batman. "The Flash" was released in the United States on June 23, 2023. Cast. Additionally, Saoirse-Monica Jackson and Rudy Mancuso have been cast in undisclosed roles. Temuera Morrison, who plays Aquaman's father Thomas Curry will also appear in the movie.
Farhan Akhtar (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host who works in Hindi films. Born in Mumbai to screenwriters Javed Akhtar and Honey Irani, he grew up under the influence of the Hindi film industry. He began his career in Bollywood by working as an assistant director in "Lamhe" (1991) and "Himalay Putra" (1997). Akhtar directed his first film, "Dil Chahta Hai" (2001) and received critical acclaim for portraying modern youth in the film, which won the National Award for Best Hindi Film the next year. Following this success, he directed the cult war film "Lakshya" (2004) and had his Hollywood debut through the soundtrack of "Bride and Prejudice" (2004), for which he and sister Zoya Akhtar served as lyricists. Next came the commercial successful "Don" (2006), his third directorial venture, post which he directed a short film titled "Positive" (2007) to spread awareness on HIV-AIDS. Although he initially started his acting career with a delayed release in the Anand Surapur-directed drama "The Fakir of Venice", Akhtar made his official screen debut with "Rock On!!" (2008) for which he won a second National Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi as producer, and indulged in further experimentation with Zoya's directorial debut "Luck By Chance" (2009) and the Vijay Lalwani-directed "Karthik Calling Karthik" (2010), before he wrote the dialogues and served as producer for the critical and commercial success "Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara" (2011) starring him in a leading role, which won him 4 Filmfare Awards, including Best Supporting Actor. The same year, after directing a sequel to "Don" titled "Don 2" (2011), which remains his highest-grossing film till date, he achieved further success by portraying Milkha Singh in the 2013 film "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag", earning him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Later, he received praise for starring in Zoya's ensemble comedy-drama "Dil Dhadakne Do" (2015) and Bejoy Nambiar's crime thriller "Wazir" (2016).
Don, also known as Don: The Chase Begins Again, is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Farhan Akhtar. The film was produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Akhtar's production company Excel Entertainment. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan and Priyanka Chopra, with Arjun Rampal, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani, Isha Koppikar, and Om Puri appearing in supporting roles. "Don" is a remake of the 1978 film of the same name starring Amitabh Bachchan. The soundtrack was composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. The film was released on 20 October 2006, during the Diwali festive season, on the same day as "Jaan-E-Mann" starring Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Preity Zinta. It was generally well received by critics, with praise for Khan and Chopra's performances, the action sequences, music, production design, and cinematography. A major commercial success, "Don" grossed over 1.06 billion at the box-office against a production and marketing budget of 400 million and was the fifth highest-grossing Indian film of 2006. The film also received nine nominations at the 52nd Filmfare Awards, including Best Film and Best Actor for Shahrukh Khan. A sequel entitled "Don 2" was released on 23 December 2011. Plot. The illegal drug trade based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is booming. A team headed by Deputy Commissioner of Police De Silva targets the operations of cartel leader Singhania to capture his manager, Mark Donald (aka Don). Singhania is one of the two lieutenants of a deceased kingpin, known as Boris; the other is Vardhaan. Don kills Ramesh, one of his close associates, after he tries to leave the gang. Ramesh's fiancée Kamini decides to help the police. She uses herself as bait in an attempt to trap him, but Don, knowing of her plan, kills her. Roma, Ramesh's sister, plans to avenge
Don 2 (also known as Don: The King Is Back) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written, co-produced and directed by Farhan Akhtar. It is the second installment in the "Don series". Jointly produced by Excel Entertainment and Red Chillies Entertainment, the film stars Shah Rukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Lara Dutta, Om Puri, Boman Irani and Kunal Kapoor. This film is a sequel to the 2006 film "Don". The film's music was composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, while Javed Akhtar wrote the lyrics. Jason West served as the film's cinematographer and Ritesh Soni was its editor. "Don 2" was released on 23 December 2011. The film had a mixed to positive reception from critics, receiving praise for the cast's performance, cinematography, production design, and action sequences. However, its pace and music received criticism. With a box office gross of over , "Don 2" was a big box office success. At the time of its release, the film was one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time and is the highest-grossing Indian film of 2011. The film received a number of accolades across various ceremonies in India. The film received five nominations at the 57th Filmfare Awards, including Best Film, Best Director for Akhtar and Best Actor for Khan, winning Best Sound Design and Best Action. Plot. Five years after the events of "Don", the European drug cartel bosses meet in the French Riviera on a yacht to discuss a new threat emerging from Asia: Don is jeopardizing their business by undercutting their prices and they decree that he must die. Living in Thailand for the last five years, Don goes to a remote settlement to pick up a shipment of cocaine. He gets cornered by his own allies who reveal to him that once he is killed, the cocaine from Asia will be open for sale in Europe and they will usurp all the profits. Don makes his way out by killing all his allies and destroying the entire settlement. Later, Don returns to Malaysia,