ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Isère is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France named after the Isère river. History. Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Moirans as its capital. It was formed from part of the former province of "Dauphiné". It was divided in four districts: Grenoble, Saint-Marcellin, La Tour-du-Pin and Vienne. The capital was transfered in 1790 from Moirans to Grenoble. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the four districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Grenoble, Saint-Marcellin, La Tour-du-Pin and Vienne. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Marcellin was eliminated. Geography. Isère is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of . The department borders with 7 departments in 2 regions: The highest mountain in the department is "Pic Lory" (); it is high. The main rivers that flow through the department are the Rhône and its tributaries Isère and Bourbre. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Grenoble is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb. Administration. Isère is managed by the "Departmental Council of Isère" in Grenoble. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Administrative divisions. There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 281 "communes" (municipalities) in Isère. The following is a list of the 29 cantons of the Isère department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of Isère are known, in French, as "Isérois" (women: "Iséroises
Landes (Gascon: "Lanas") is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. Landes is the plural of the French word "lande" (in English:"heathland"); it was named so because it was the most common habitat in the region. It is well known for the "Côte d'Argent" beach that attracts many surfers to Mimizan and Hossegor each year. History. The department was formed during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. It was divided into four districts: Dax, Mont-de-Marsan, Saint-Sever and Tartas. The capital was Mont-de-Marsan. The "arrondissement" of Dax, Mont-de-Marsan and Saint-Sever were established on 17 February 1800. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Sever was dissolved on 10 September 1926 and integrated into the "arrondissements" of Dax and Mont-de-Marsan. Geography. Landes is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, and is, after Gironde, the second largest department of Metropolitan France with an area of . The department is bordered to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the north by the Gironde, to the northeast by Lot-et-Garonne and the south by the Pyrénées-Atlantiques; these three departments are, like Landes, of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. To the east, it borders with the Gers department of the Occitanie region. The most important river is the Adour, which crosses the southern part of the department in an east-west direction; in Dax, the river turns to the southwest and is joined by the Gaves réunis before flowing into the Atlantic Ocean. The forest of Landes is the largest forest in France. It covers about 67% of the department in its northern part, and also covers a large part of the Gironde and Lot-et-Garonne (arrondissement of Nérac). The main species of tree is
Loir-et-Cher is a department in the centre of France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Loir and the Cher, two rivers that flow through the department. Its prefecture is Blois and there are two subprefectures at Romorantin-Lanthenay and Vendôme. History. The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Orléanais together with small parts of other provinces. The new department had six districts: Blois, Vendôme, Romorantin, Mondoubleau, Mer and Saint-Aignan. The capital (now prefecture) was Blois. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Blois, Romorantin and Vendôme. After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Prussian army from June 1815 to November 1818. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Romorantin was eliminated but in 1943 it was made again an "arrondissement". In 1961, Romorantin was merged with Lanthenay and the name, of the "commune" and of the "arrondissement", was changed to Romorantin-Lanthenay. Geography. Loir-et-Cher is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has an area of . The highest point of the department is in the "Bois des Vallèes" (), in the "commune" of Bouffry, and that is above sea level. The department is bordered by the 6 departments in 2 regions: The main rivers are: Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Vendôme is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Vendôme is . The
Loire () is a French department in the east-central part of France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and named after the Loire river. Its prefecture is the city of Saint-Étienne. History. Rhône-et-Loire was one French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was divided in two departments in 1793: Rhône and Loire. The department of Loire had three districts: Montbrison, Roanne and Saint-Étienne. The capital was Feurs but in 1795 the capital was moved to Montbrison. With the creation of the "arrondissements", the three districts became three "arrondissements": Montbrison, Roanne and Saint-Étienne. After the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the department was occupied by troops from Austria from June 1815 to November 1818. The capital was moved from Montbrison to Saint-Étienne in 1855. Geography. Loire is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in east-central France, with an area of . From north to south, it is long but from east to west it is only wide. The department borders with 7 other departments in 2 regions: The department is in eastern Massif Central and there are several mountain chains; some of the chains and mountains are: The main rivers of Loire are: Climate. The climate of the Loire department, in the city of Andrézieux-Bouthéon (near Saint-Étienne and where is the Saint-Étienne-Loire Airport), is an oceanic climate, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification. The average temperature for the year in Andrézieux-Bouthéon, at an altitude of , is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . The average amount of precipitation for the year in Andrézieux-Bouthéon is . The month with the most
Haute-Loire () is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. It is named after the Loire river. History. The department of Haute-Loire was created on 4 March 1790 with three districts: Le Puy, Brioude and Yssingeaux. The capital was Le Puy. The new department was formed with territories of three historic provinces: the "Languedoc", the "Auvergne" and the "Lyonnais". In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the three districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Le Puy, Brioude and Yssingeaux. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Yssingeaux was eliminated but became again an arrondissement in 1942. On 18 March 1988, the name of Le Puy was changed to Le Puy-en-Velay. Geography. The Haute-Loire is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of . The department is surrounded by 5 departments in 2 regions: The highest point in the department is "Mont Mézenc" (); it is high. It is in the southeast of the department, on the border with the Ardèche department. The main rivers in Haute-Loire are:  Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Le Puy-en-Velay is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype Cfb. Administration. Haute-Loire is managed by the "Departmental Council of Haute-Loire" in Le Puy-en-Velay. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Administrative divisions. There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 257 "communes" (municipalities) in Haute-Loire. The following is a list of the 19 cantons
Loiret is a department in north-central France in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It is named after the Loiret river, a tributary of Loire that is completely within the department. Its prefecture is Orléans and there are two subprefectures: Montargis and Pithiviers. History. The department is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. The department was created from part of the former province of Orléanais. The new department had seven districts: Orléans, Beaugency, Neuville, Pithiviers, Montargis, Gien and Boiscommun. The capital (now prefecture) was Orléans. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Orléans, Gien, Montargis and Pithiviers. After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Bavarian army from June 1815 to November 1818. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gien and Pithiviers were eliminated but in 1942 Pithiviers became again an "arrondissement" of the department. Geography. Loiret is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has an area of . The department is bordered by the 7 departments in 3 regions: The highest point of the department is in the place called "Col des Étourneaux" (), in the "commune" of Pierrefitte-ès-Bois, and that is above sea level; it is in northwestern Massif Central. The main rivers are: There are several natural regions in the Loiret department: Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Orléans is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Orléans is
Lot () is a French department in the Occitanie region of southern France named after the Lot river. Its prefecture and largest city is Cahors. History. Lot is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from the old province of Quercy. The new department had six districts: Cahors, Martel, Gourdon, Figeac, Montauban and Lazorte. The capital (now prefecture) was Cahors. In 1808, some of the original southeastern cantons were separated from it to form the department of Tarn-et-Garonne. It originally extended much farther to the south and included the city of Montauban. Geography. Lot is part of the Occitanie region and has an area of . The department borders with 6 other departments in 3 regions: The Lot river crosses the department from east to west with numerous meanders. The Dordogne river flows through the northern part of the department. There are seven natural regions in the department: Climate. The climate in Gourdon, in the north of the department at an altitude of above sea level, is an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Gourdon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . There are an average of 168.0 days of precipitation, with the most precipitation occurring in January with 17.0 days and the least precipitation occurring in July with 10.0 days. The average temperature for the year in Gourdon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Lot" in Cahors. Lot is part of the Occitanie region. Administrative divisions. There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and
Lot-et-Garonne () is a department in the southwest of France named after the Lot and Garonne rivers. History. Lot-et-Garonne was formed during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. It was divided into nine districts: Agen, Nérac, Marmande, Tonneins, Villeneuve, Lauzun, Monflanquin, Casteljaloux and Valence. Agen and Aiguillon were alternatively the capital of the department but in 1791 it was decided that only Agen would be the capital. Several of the original southeastern cantons in the arrondissements of Agen and Villeneuve-sur-Lot were separated from it in 1808 to become a part of the newly created department of Tarn-et-Garonne. Geography. Lot-et-Garonne is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, with an area of . The departement is surrounded by two regions and six departments: The main rivers in the Lot-et-Garonne are the Garonne river that flows through the south central part of the department, and the Lot river that flows through the northern regions of the department before joining, as a right tributary, the Garonne near the Aiguillon "commune". Other river is the Baïse, a left tributary of the Garonne. In the west of the department, mainly in the arrondissement of Nérac, there is a forest of maritime pine like in the Landes department. Climate. The climate of Estillac, where is the Agen La Garenne Airport, is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers. The average temperature for the year in Estillac is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . The average amount of precipitation for the year in Estillac is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an
Lozère () is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France near the Massif Central. It is named after Mont Lozère. History. Lozère was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Lozère was formed with part of the old province of Languedoc. Les Sources and Hautes-Cèvennes were two other names proposed for this department but they were not accepted. Geography. Lozère has an area of . It is surrounded by 5 departments belonging to 2 regions: The Lozère is divided into four natural regions, covering four mountain ranges: Three important rivers start in the department: Administration. The département is managed by the "Departamental Council of Lozère" in Mende. Lozère is part of the region of Occitanie. Administrative divisions. There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 13 "cantons" and 176 "communes" (municipalities) in Lozère. The following is a list of the 13 cantons of the Lozère department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of Lozère are known, in French, as "Lozériens" (women: "Lozériennes"). Lozère is the least populated French department. It has a population, in 2014, of 76,360, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Mende, with 63,047 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other arrondissement, Florac, have 13,313 inhabitants. The only important city is Mende with 11,542 people living there in 2014. The subprefecture, Florac Trois Rivières, has 2,107 inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Lozère The cities with more than 2,000 inhabitants in the department are:
Marne is a department in northeastern France named after the river Marne which flows through the department. The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne). The Champagne vineyards producing the world-famous sparkling wine are located within Marne. History. Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Châlons-sur-Marne as is capital. It was formed with part of the former province of Champagne. It was divided in six districts: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Châlons-sur-Marne, Épernay, Reims, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François. After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould was eliminated but in 1940 Sainte-Menehould was made again an "arrondissement". In 1995, the name of Châlons-sur-Marne was changed to Châlons-en-Champagne but it was rejected in 1997. But, finally, this change was accepted in 1998. Geography. The Marne department is in the Grand Est region after being part of the Champagne-Ardenne region till 2016. It is surrounded by 6 departments in 3 regions: Marne has an area of , the 7th largest department of the Metropolitan France. The department is long from Villeneuve-la-Lionne to Trois-Fontaines-l'Abbaye, and wide from Cormicy to Clesles. There are three geographic regions in the department: The Marne river flows through the
Haute-Marne is a department in the northeast of France named after the Marner river. It is in the Grand Est region and its prefecture (capital) is the city of Chaumont. Charles de Gaulle lived until his death in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises. History. Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Chaumont as is capital. It was formed with parts of the former provinces of Champagne, Burgundy, Lorraine and Franche-Comté. It was divided in six districts: Bourbonne, Bourmont, Chaumont, Joinville, Langres and Saint-Dizier. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Chaumont, Langres and Wassy. After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Wassy was eliminated but in 1940 Wassy was made again an "arrondissement" but the subprefecture was moved to Saint-Dizier. Geography. The Haute-Marne department is in the Grand Est region. It is bordered by 6 departments in two regions: Haute-Marne has an area of , and its highest point is in the "Bois de Baissey" in the commune "Baissey" in the southern part of the department; it is high (), and is in the "Langres" plateau. The main river is the Marne river; it starts in the Langres plateau and flows through in the department. Climate. This area is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Saint-Dizier is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Saint-Dizier is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the
Meurthe-et-Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Meurthe and Moselle rivers. The prefecture (capital) of Meurthe-et-Moselle is Nancy. History. Meurthe-et-Moselle was created in 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War from the parts of the former departments of Moselle and Meurthe that were left to France with Nancy as is capital. It was divided in 4 "arrondissements": Briey, Lunéville, Toul and Nancy. The current boundary between Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle was the border between France and Germany from 1871 to 1919 and again between 1940 and 1944. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Toul were eliminated but it was made again, in 1943, an "arrondissement". Geography. The Meurthe-et-Moselle department is in the Grand Est region. It is bordered by 4 departments, all in the same region. To the northwest, the department borders Belgium and Luxembourg. Meurthe-et-Moselle has an area of ; it is from north to south and is wide, forming a panhandle in the north of the department. Its highest point is in the Roc de Taurupt () between the "communes" Bionville and Raon-sur-Plaine (Vosges) in the western part of the department; it is high. The main rivers in the department are the Meurthe and the Moselle; the department is named after this two rivers. Other rivers are the Chiers (tributary of the Meuse) and the Vezouze (a tributary of the Meurthe). Climate. The area around Nancy, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Troyes is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Nancy is . The month with the most precipitation on average
Morbihan (; , ) is a department found in the west of France in the Brittany region. Its prefecture is Vannes and its population is about 677,000 (2006 estimation). It is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution. Morbihan has also two subprefectures: Lorient and Pontivy.
Nièvre is a department in the centre of France, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is named after the Nièvre river, a tributary of the Loire. Its prefecture and largest city is Nevers. History. Nièvre is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Nevers as its capital. It was formed from part of the old province of "Nivernais" and its name was written at first as Nyèvre. It was divided in nine districts: Nevers, Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier, Decize, Moulins-Engilbert, Château-Chinon, Corbigny, Clamecy, Cosne and La Charité. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Nevers, Château-Chinon, Clamecy and Cosne. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Cosne was eliminated but in 1943 it became again an "arrondissement" of the department. Geography. Nièvre is part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has an area of . The highest point of the department is Mont Préneley (), high; it is in the "commune" Glux-en-Glenne. The department borders with six departments in three regions: There are three main geographical zones in the department: The main rivers in the department are the Loire, that makes most of the western border, with its tributaries Allier and Aron; and the Yonne, with its tributary Cure. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Nevers is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". It rains in all seasons but precipitations are more important in the eastern zone, in the Morvan, and weaker in the Loire valley. Administration. Nièvre is managed by