ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
A rehearsal is a practice before a concert or play in a theatre or some other performance. The group of performers will get together to rehearse. They may rehearse together many times before the performance so that they get used to performing with one another. A dress rehearsal is the last rehearsal before the performance. It is called a 'dress rehearsal' because in a theatre the actors will be wearing their costumes. When an orchestra or other music group have a 'dress rehearsal' this does not mean that they have to dress up. It simply means that it is the last rehearsal, and it will be in the hall where they are going to perform so that everything is as it will be for the performance. Orchestras often have section rehearsals or sectionals. This means that each group of instruments rehearse separately, e.g. the string sectional will be all the string instruments rehearsing together. This can be useful because they can concentrate on the bits which are particularly difficult for them: the string instruments can talk about the bowing etc. An open rehearsal is a rehearsal that the public can come and watch. In opera houses the dress rehearsal is often an open rehearsal. The entry may be free or the audience may have to pay, but not as much as for a ticket for a performance. The audience will have to understand that the performance may be stopped if something goes wrong and needs to be rehearsed. Singers will often save their voices by not singing as loudly as they will in the performance (this is called "marking"). A technical rehearsal in a theatre is a rehearsal for practising things such as lighting and using props.
The London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) is one of the most famous orchestras of the world. They are based in London's Barbican Centre, but they often tour to lots of different countries. The LSO started in 1904. Most of the players had been members of Henry Wood's Queen's Hall orchestra. They left that orchestra when Henry Wood made a rule that they were not allowed to send deputies to rehearsals or concerts. The LSO was set up as a self governing organization. This means that the players themselves organize everything: they decide how much they are going to be paid, who can be in the orchestra, etc. The LSO gave its first concert on 9 June 1904 with Hans Richter conducting. He was principal (main) conductor until 1911, when Edward Elgar took over for a year. Some of the world's most famous conductors have conducted the orchestra. Since January 2007 Valery Gergiev has been the LSO's Principal Conductor. André Previn is the Conductor Laureate (Honorary conductor). In 2006, Daniel Harding became the co-principal guest conductor together with Michael Tilson Thomas. Richard Hickox is the Associate Guest Conductor of the LSO. The leader of the orchestra is Gordan Nikolitch. The LSO was the first British orchestra to play overseas when it went to Paris in 1906. The LSO players all came close to death in 1912 because they were due to sail on the RMS "Titanic" for a concert in New York. Fortunately they had to change the booking at the last minute. They did tour the USA and Canada that year, and were the first British orchestra to do so. In 1966 the London Symphony Chorus (LSC) was formed to join the LSO for works with choirs. For many years the LSO refused to allow women to become members because they thought the sound would not be so good.  The LSO made their first gramophone recording in 1920. Since then they have made many recordings.
An obtuse angle is an angle of greater than 90° (π/2 radians) and less than 180° (π radians). It is bigger than an acute angle. It is smaller than a straight angle, which measures 180°. It falls in Quadrant II on a graph.
The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom. It is based in the Royal Festival Hall, London. The orchestra was formed in 1932 by Sir Thomas Beecham, and played its first concert on October 7, 1932 at the Queen's Hall, London. The associate conductor at the time was Malcolm Sargent. At one of the orchestra's early concerts in November 1932 the sixteen-year old Yehudi Menuhin played a programme of violin concertos including the concerto by Elgar which the composer himself conducted. In the 1930s, when Beecham conducted at the Royal Opera House, the orchestra played for operas there. Beecham made many recordings with the orchestra. In 1939 the orchestra's sponsors stopped giving money to the orchestra. The orchestra became a self-governing body, which meant that, like the London Symphony Orchestra, the players organized the orchestra themselves, deciding on their pay, their members, what music they should play etc. During the Second World War they went round the country playing in places where people would not otherwise hear music. Many of the players' instruments were destroyed when the Queen's Hall was bombed in May 1941, but lots of people gave money for them to buy new instruments. After the war, Beecham returned to the LPO for eighteen months, but left to start a new orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic. The orchestra continued to play with several guest conductors until Eduard van Beinum was appointed. When he became ill they appointed Sir Adrian Boult who stayed until 1956, although he continued to work with the orchestra and became its President in 1965. Through the late 1950s the orchestra did not have much money and had to stop paying the players regular salaries. They only got paid for the work they did. In 1958 the LPO appointed William Steinberg as chief conductor. He helped the orchestra to become better again. In 1964 the LPO became the resident orchestra for Glyndebourne Festival Opera in the summer. They continue to do this today. In 1967 the LPO appointed Bernard Haitink as its principal conductor. He stayed with the orchestra for 12 years and was followed by Sir Georg Solti. Vladimir Jurowski is now the principal conductor.
Vladimir Jurowski (born 4 April 1972 in Moscow) is a Russian conductor. He is one of the most important young conductors of today. Jurowski studied at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1990, he moved with his family to Germany, where he continued to study music in Dresden and Berlin. In 1995, he conducted at the Wexford Festival and in 1996 at the Royal Opera House. He continued conducting in Berlin and Bologna. In August 2000, Jurowski was named the Music Director of the Glyndebourne Festival Opera. He is now the Principal Conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra. In May 2007, Jurowski received the 2007 Royal Philharmonic Society Music Award for Conductor of the Year.
Surrealism was an art and cultural movement which began in the late 1910s. The name was first used in 1917. Guillaume Apollinaire wrote the program notes for the ballet "Parade", which was created for the Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev. This was a collaborative work by Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Pablo Picasso and Léonide Massine. The program notes ran: "From this new alliance... there has come about, in "Parade", a kind of super-realism ('sur-réalisme'), in which I see the starting point of a series of manifestations of this new spirit". The movement grew out of Dadaism. This was, amid the horrors of World War I, a protest at the meaninglessness of civilised life. At the same time, the work of Sigmund Freud began to filter through, and affect the literary and art worlds. André Breton was trained in psychiatry, and during the war, he worked in a hospital where he used Freud's methods on shell-shock patients. Not surprisingly, Breton influenced many writers and artists after the war. Freud's work placed emphasis on the subconscious mind, and its role in steering behaviour and emotion. His way of using free association, and dream analysis to get a clue to the subconscious was picked up by the surrealists. They painted dreamlike fantasies, and practised automatic drawing without sight: 'automatism'. In 1924, Breton wrote a "Surrealist Manifesto", which defined surrealism as: "Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express, verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner -- the actual functioning of thought. Dictated by the thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern". Breton discussed his first encounter with the surreal, in a description of a hypnagogic state, in which a strange phrase inexplicably appeared in his mind: "There is a man cut in two by the window". This phrase illustrates Breton's view of Surrealism as two distant realities brought together
Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (, 19 February 1948 – 6 May 2002) was a Dutch sociologist and politician. Born in Driehuis, he was the leader of the LPF ("Lijst Pim Fortuyn"), a right-wing political party. He was very popular and was expected to win the 2002 elections. Fortuyn did not agree with some things the religion of Islam does, and did not want to let criminal Muslims from other countries come to the Netherlands. He was Roman Catholic and openly gay. Nine days before the elections, he was shot and killed during the 2002 Dutch national election campaign by Volkert van der Graaf, who is an extreme environmentalist and animal rights activist. In court at his trial, van der Graaf said he murdered Fortuyn to stop him from exploiting Muslims as "scapegoats" and targeting "the weak members of society" in seeking political power. Early life and education. Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn was born on 19 February 1948 in Driehuis, as the third child to a Catholic family. His father worked as a salesman and his mother was a housewife. In 1967 he began to study sociology at the University of Amsterdam but transferred after a few months to the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. In 1971 he ended his study with the Academic degree Doctorandus. In 1981 he received a doctorate in sociology at the University of Groningen as a Doctor of Philosophy. Death. On May 6, 2002, Fortuyn was shot in the head, neck and chest in a car park outside a radio studio where he had just given an interview to Ruud de Wild at 3FM by 32-year-old, Volkert van der Graaf. He was pronounced dead at the scene. The attacker was pursued by Fortuyn's driver, Hans Smolders; he was arrested shortly afterwards while still in possession of the handgun used to kill Fortuyn.
Cyrus the Great (, Kurush-e Bozorg, c. 590 BC or 576 – August 530 BC), was the founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in today's Iran. He was chosen as the leader of Persian people in Anshan, he defeated the Medes and was chosen as the Shah of the Persian Empire in 559 BC. Cyrus fought with the Lydian Empire and the Babylonian Empire. Before leaving Babylon, Cyrus also freed the Israelites who were imprisoned by Babylonians and allowed Jews to return to their native land. He wrote the Cyrus Cylinder outlining his actions and policies. Cyrus died, probably in battle, in Pasargadae. His tomb remains in Pasargadae in Iran. Cyrus was famous for justice and kindness.
Rafał Sylwester Wiechecki (born September 25, 1978 in Piotrków Trybunalski) is a Polish politician. He is member of the League of Polish Families. From May 5, 2006 to August 13, 2007, he was the minister of Polish government. He was the youngest cabinet minister in Polish history.
Relative density is the ratio of the densities of two materials. The term specific gravity is similar but not the same. In specific gravity, the reference material is water. Mathematically, relative density is found with: formula_1
Čejov is small village near Humpolec in the Pelhřimov District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. 473 people live there and it has 7,98 km².
Satsuma / sat-soo-muh/ .n. is a variety of tangerine with a loose skin.  It is named after the former Satsuma Province of Japan. In the United Kingdom it is often associated with Christmas.
A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy. People have been storing data for thousands of years, by pictures and writing. Modern storage device may hold information, process information, or both. Most often the term is used with computers. Data storage devices can permanently hold data, like files. "Electronic data storage" is storage which requires electricity to store and get back that data. Most storage devices that do not require visual optics to read data fall into this category. Electronic data may be stored in either an analog or digital signal format. Terminology. An organic brain may or may not be considered a data storage device. All information is data. However, not all data is information. Data storage equipment. Any input/output equipment may be considered data storage equipment if it writes to and reads from a data storage medium. Data storage equipment uses either: The following are examples of those methods: Recording medium. A recording medium is a physical material that holds data expressed in any of the existing recording formats. With electronic media, the data and the recording medium is sometimes referred to as "software" despite the more common use of the word to describe computer software. Modern examples by shape. A typical way to classify data storage media is to consider its shape and type of movement (or non-movement) relative to the read/write device(s) of the storage apparatus as listed:
Relief is a type of sculpture or carving. The worker creating the piece starts with a flat base, usually stone or wood, and takes small parts of the surface away until the desired image has been made. Reliefs are found around the world. They can be used to decorate buildings, such as temples. Usually the artist makes reliefs of figures, such as people or animals. In bas-relief, only a bit of the base is taken away. The figure is quite flat and this is especially common in friezes. An alto-relief is where the artist takes away a lot of the base material. This can be very detailed. Famous reliefs. Famous reliefs include:
A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modeled form projects out from a flat background. Relief could also mean:
In architecture, the frieze is the wide central section of an entablature and may be plain or– in the Ionic or Corinthian order – decorated with bas-reliefs.
An entablature (IPA [ɛnˈtæblətʃə]; Latin, "and tabula", "a tablet") is a major piece of classical architecture. It is the big part of the building made of moldings and bands that sits flat above the columns, resting on their capitals (tops).  An entablature is made of three parts:  The entabulature is an improvement on the older and less advanced lintel, which also sits between two posts and holds up roof rafters.
Flickr is a photo sharing website and web services suite. It was founded by Stewart Butterfield and Caterina Fake in 2002.It is also an online community platform, which is considered an early example of a Web 2.0 application. Users can upload any photo to their website. The user will then be asked to release the photo under many licenses available. Some licenses allow other people to reuse it, which makes it possible for Wikimedia Commons to transfer free files from Flickr to their website. Any person that has a Yahoo! ID can register their Flickr account in a few seconds. Service. Flickr provides a free service for users to share their photos online with other people. However, free users have a limit of 300 MB of uploads per month, 15 MB per photo and 150 MB per video. However, users can upgrade to the pro account where they can get unlimited uploads at $24.95 per month. Tools. Flickr also has a set of tools for users to upload their photos from their desktops. However, they can only be used on Windows and Mac computers.
Otis R. Bowen, M.D. (February 26, 1918 – May 4, 2013), was the governor of the American state of Indiana from 1973 to 1981. He was the first governor of Indiana to serve two consecutive terms. He was also the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services on the cabinet of President Ronald Reagan. Early life. Bowen was born in a farmhouse in Fulton County, Indiana. He raised his family, practiced medicine, and began his political career while living in Bremen, Indiana, where he still lives today. Career. On Labor Day weekend in September 1973, Governor Bowen declared amnesty for a group of inmates that took hostages and rioted at the Indiana State Prison. Although his decision to give "blanket amnesty" was a controversial one, it proved to be the correct decision as all the hostages, who were not only guards, but also a few select inmates who were otherwise weak and preyed upon, were released without harm. The guards who were subsequently released after a short meeting took place between the leaders of the riot and Governor Bowen in front of b-block...the inmate negotiation took only a few minutes between the governor and a group of inmates led by one Thomas D Brown (ISP#37151) serving 10 years for armed robbery, and was compelling enough to cause Gov. Bowen to declare a successful "blanket amnesty". The governor's action preceded a "domino effect" of changes made in all aspects of the Indiana Department of Corrections. The changes involved personnel, regulations and conditions within areas of the system, e.g. medical, food, access to media, and disciplinary aspects of every day life. Death. Bowen died on May 4, 2013 in his home in Donaldson, Indiana at the age of 95. The cause of death has not been disclosed.
Guacamole (called Guacamol in Central America and Cuba) is a Mexican dip made of avocados, salt and sometimes tomatoes.  Various herbs may be added, such as chives. It is a green, creamy dip or garnish. It is often served as a dip or garnish with Mexican foods such as tacos and tortilla chips.
Gordan Nikolitch (born 1968) is a Serbian violinist. He is the leader of the London Symphony Orchestra. Gordan Nikolitch began playing the violin when he was seven. He studied at the Musikhochschule (music conservatoire) in Basel, Switzerland. He worked with many famous people including the composers Witold Lutosławski and György Kurtág. He became particularly interested in Baroque music and contemporary music. Gordan has been the leader of the Orchestre d’Auvergne and the Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne before becoming the leader of the London Symphony Orchestra. He has made many recordings, especially of violin music which is not well known. He often plays chamber music. The violin he plays was made in Cremona in 1776 by a violin maker called Lorenzo Storioni.
Literal translation is the translation of text from one language to another "word-for-word", rather than giving the sense of the original. For this reason, literal translations usually mis-translate idioms.  For example, a literal English translation of the German word "Kindergarten" would be "garden of children", but in American English the expression refers to the school year between pre-school and first grade. The history of the word may also help. It was coined in 1840 by Friedrich Fröbel in the metaphorical sense of “place where children can grow in a natural way”, not in the literal sense of “garden”.
Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the acronym MT, is part of computational linguistics. It is the use of computer software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.  At its basic level, MT changes words words in one natural language for words in another. That is literal translation. Present machine translation software adapts the translation to the subject. For example, weather reports improve output by limiting the substitutions. This technique is very effective in domains where specialised formal language is used. It follows then that machine translation of government and legal documents more often produces usable output than conversation or less standardised text. Quotes. In the words of the European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT): History. The origins of machine translation can be traced back to the work of Al-Kindi, a ninth-century Arabic cryptographer. He developed techniques for systemic language translation. He was aware of cryptanalysis, frequency analysis, probability and statistics, which are all used in modern machine translation.  An idea related to machine translation appeared in the 17th century. In 1629, René Descartes proposed a universal language, where equivalent ideas shared a symbol. The idea of using digital computers for translation of natural languages was proposed in 1947 by England's A.D. Booth and Warren Weaver at Rockefeller Foundation in the same year. "The memorandum written by Warren Weaver in 1949 is perhaps the single most influential publication in the earliest days of machine translation".  Others followed. One example was reading and composing Braille texts by computer.
Interlinear text is text on several lines where additional lines give explanations of the main text. That can be a transliteration or a translation of each word of the main line (literal translation) or a free translation of the entire main text line. Interlinear text is usually used to translate or explain the main text. It is used frequently in foreign language learning material and linguistic literature. Latin text books and Greek or Hebrew Bibles with interlinears are common examples.
Transcription is the conversion of a text from another medium.  That can be the conversion of human speech into written, typewritten or printed form. But it can also mean the scanning of books and making digital versions. A transcriber is a person who performs transcriptions. Transcription as going from sound to script must be distinguished from transliteration, which creates a mapping from one script to another that is designed to match the original script as directly as possible.  Standard transcription schemes for linguistic purposes include the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and its ASCII equivalent, SAMPA. See also phonetic transcription In this table IPA is an example of phonetic transcription of the name of the former Russian president known in English as Boris Yeltsin, followed by accepted hybrid forms in various languages. Note that 'Boris' is a transliteration rather than transcription in strict sense.  The same words are likely to be transcribed differently under different systems. For example, the Mandarin Chinese name for the capital of China is "Beijing" in the commonly-used contemporary system Hanyu Pinyin, and in the historically significant Wade Giles system, it is written "Pei-Ching". Practical transcription can be done into a non-alphabetic language too. For example, in a Hong Kong Newspaper, George Bush's name is transliterated into two Chinese characters that sounds like "Bou-sū" (布殊) by using the characters that mean "cloth" and "special". Similarly, many words from English and other Western European languages are borrowed in Japanese and are transcribed using Katakana, one of the Japanese syllabaries. After transcribing. After transcribing a word from one language to the script of another language: This is especially evident for Greek loan words and proper names. Greek words are normally first transcribed to Latin (according to their old pronunciations), and then loaned into other languages, and finally the loan word has developed according to the rules of the goal language. For example, "Aristotle" is the currently used English form of the name of the philosopher whose name in Greek is spelled ("Aristotélēs"), which was transcribed to Latin "Aristó
is the Japanese tradition of visiting areas where leaves have turned red in the autumn. The word comes from the two Japanese words meaning "red leaves" or "maple tree" and , "hunting". It is also called . "Kōyō" is another pronunciation of the characters for "momiji". In Hokkaidō another word for it is . Many people in Japan do this. The cities of Nikkō, Tochigi and Kyoto are very popular. The tradition started in the Heian era.
The term bloom or blooming mostly means one or more flowers on a flowering plant. The word may also be used as a metaphor for young people at the peak of their beauty or health. See also Blossom. Bloom or Blooming may also mean: