ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Small shelly fossils (SSF), or small shelly fauna, are tiny fossils, many only a few millimetres long. They have a record from the latest stages of the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian period. Almost all are from earlier rocks than more familiar fossils such as trilobites. Most SSFs were preserved by being covered quickly with phosphate. This method of preservation is mainly limited to the later Ediacaran and early Cambrian periods, so the animals that made them may have arisen earlier and continued after this time. Some of the fossils represent the entire skeletons of small organisms, including the mysterious "Cloudina" and some snail-like molluscs. However, the bulk of the fossils are fragments or parts of larger organisms, including sponges, molluscs, slug-like halkieriids, brachiopods, echinoderms, and onychophoran-like organisms that may have been close to the ancestors of arthropods. One of the early explanations for the appearance of the SSFs – and the evolution of mineralized skeletons – is a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration of calcium. However, many SSFs are made of other minerals, such as silica. The first SSFs appear around the same time as organisms first started burrowing to avoid predation, so it is likely that they represent early steps in an evolutionary arms race between predators and increasingly well-defended prey. Nevertheless, it is still true that the animals used minerals that were most easily accessible. The small size and (usually) broken nature of SSFs makes them difficult to identify and classify. However, they provide evidence for how the main groups of marine invertebrates evolved, and for the pace and pattern of evolution in the Cambrian explosion. They include the earliest known representatives of some modern phyla, and they have the great advantage of presenting a nearly continuous record of early Cambrian organisms whose bodies include hard parts.
Harold Elwin "Bo" Bice, Jr (born November 1, 1975) is an American singer. He was a runner-up on "American Idol". In 2003, Bice was arrested for possession of marijuana, drug paraphernalia and public intoxication. He avoided jail time by agreeing to enter a drug program.
Walter Pidgeon (September 23, 1897 – September 25, 1984) was a Canadian actor. He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. He starred in many movies, including "Forbidden Planet". He died in Santa Monica, California on September 25, 1984, two days after his 87th birthday.
The Albanians (Albanian: Shqiptarët) is a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and Kosovo, who speak Albanian language as their mother tongue. They also form a significant minority in North Macedonia.  Albanians share a common ancestry, culture and history, the majority of ethnic Albanians are Muslim while a significant minority of them profess other religions such as Bektashi, and Catholics and Orthodox Christianity. Their National Hero is Skanderbeg. In the Ottoman Empire, Albanian Men were mostly represented in high ranks, like Muhammad Ali Pasha or Ali Pasha and the Köprülü family.  The Albanian Dynasty House of Zogu, was founded by King Zog I of Albania. Muslim Albanian boys get circumcised with a sünnet-ceremony, this was taken at the time of the Ottoman Empire
The Greeks of Albania are ethnic Greeks who live in Albania. They are mostly in the south of the country. The Greek language can only be spoken in 'minority zones'.
The Treaty of London was a treaty that was signed on 30 May 1913 and moved borders of countries after the First Balkan War. The Balkan League, made up of Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, won the war from the Ottoman Empire. One important border to decide was Albania, which had declared its independence on 28 November 1912. All of the Ottoman Empire except Albania was given to the Balkan League. Because not everyone was happy with the Treaty of London, the Second Balkan War started on June 13. Peace came after the Treaty of Bucharest was signed on 12 August 1913. It caused tension between what became the Allied Powers and the Central Powers and helped start World War I.
Loretta Young (born Gretchen Young, January 6, 1913 - August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Young was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California when she was three. Her sisters were actresses Polly Ann Young (1908-1997) and Sally Blane (1910-1997).  Young won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in "The Farmer's Daughter". She won three Emmy Awards in the 1950s and a Golden Globe Award in 1986. She was a devout Roman Catholic. She died of ovarian cancer in Los Angeles.
The president of Albania (), officially styled President of the Republic of Albania () is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people. The president has the power to set the date of the elections for the Parliament as well as referendum, grants pardons and awards.
The prime minister of Albania (), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics.  The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings. The prime minister is appointed by the President of Albania.  The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama, who started his first four-year-term on 15 September 2013.
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts) is part of Disney Studios Corporation.  The best well-known when, Disney sold their 50% of Disneyland and Walt Disney World, Disney Consumer Products began licensing the characters of Disney such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, Snow White, Cinderella, Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and Darth Vader among others for use in the parks. It includes:
Madeleine Astor (19 June 1893 – 27 March 1940) was an American socialite, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic. She was married to John Jacob Astor IV. Madeleine died on March 27, 1940. She died from heart failure, but some rumors say she overdosed on drugs.
Bok choy (also known as pak choi, boc choy, and pok choi) is classified as a Chinese cabbage. It is part of the cabbage family and does not have the same stringiness. The dark green, crinkly leaves of the most common type are like Romaine lettuce.  History. The Chinese, who have been cultivating the plant for more than 5000 years, commonly refer to bok choy as pak choi or "white vegetable." Another common name is white cabbage.
Amadora () is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The city and municipality has 175,872 people in eleven "freguesias" (parishes). It has an area of 23.77 square kilometres. It is the most densely populated municipality of Portugal. It is a suburb of Lisbon, and both cities share the same subway, bus and train network. It is a residential city, and the landscape includes apartments, parks and industrial areas. Amadora also has immigrants from Angola, Cape Verde and Brazil. Each year, Amadora organizes the Amadora International Comics Festival.
A basketball court is a place on which people play basketball. They are found within sports buildings and outside, and usually in front of people watching. Basketball courts can be different sizes. A National Basketball Association court is .
Archaeometallurgy is a kind of archaeology. It is the study of metals in the past, specifically the content, production, and use of metals. Methods. Archaeometallurgy research is the analysis and comparison of the chemical composition of samples.
Barry Robert O'Farrell (born 24 May 1959) is a former Australian politician. He was 43rd Premier of New South Wales and Minister for Western Sydney. He was the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2007 to 2014. On 16 April 2914, O'Farrell announced his resignation as Premier after giving misleading evidence to the Independent Commission Against Corruption. He resigned on 17 April 2014. Mike Baird was elected new NSW Liberal Leader and was sworn in as the new Premier of New South Wales on 23 April 2014.  On 24 November 2014, O'Farrell announced his intention not to stand for re-election at the 2015 NSW election and to retire from politics. The Liberal candidate Alister Henskens was elected to succeed O'Farrell.
In gay slang, a "friend of Dorothy" (occasionally abbreviated FOD) is a term for a gay man. The phrase dates back to at least World War II, when homosexual acts were illegal in the United States. Stating that, or asking if, someone was a "friend of Dorothy" was a euphemism used for discussing sexual orientation without others knowing its meaning. Origin. The origin of the phrase is most commonly attributed to the movie, "The Wizard of Oz" because Judy Garland, who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon. In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different. For example the "gentle lion" living a lie, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a dandy lion." Others claim that the phrase refers to celebrated humorist and critic Dorothy Parker, who included some gay men in her famous social circle. Misunderstanding. In the early 1980s, the Naval Investigative Service was investigating homosexuality in the Chicago area. Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of Dorothy." Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that a woman named Dorothy was at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel. The NIS launched an enormous hunt for Dorothy, hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay servicemembers.
I Could Go On Singing is a 1963 movie starring Judy Garland and Dirk Bogarde. It was Garland's last movie. It was not a huge box office success, but it won Garland much praise for her performance. In Bogarde's autobiographies and in the 2004 biography, it is written that Judy Garland's lines were substantially rewritten by Bogarde (with Garland's consent). Plot. Judy Garland plays a superstar singer named Jenny Bowman. She had met a man 15–16 years before. He is now a prominent physician, played by British actor Dirk Bogarde. They had a child whom she let his father raise in England. Jenny wants to finally see him, but in the end is left to her true home, the stage. Originally titled "The Lonely Stage", it was renamed "I Could Go On Singing", so that audiences would know it was the first time Garland sang in a movie since "A Star Is Born" in 1954. Music. All songs performed by Judy Garland. Movie reviews. "Either you are or you aren't - a Judy Garland fan that is. And if you aren't, forget about her new movie, "I Could Go On Singing", and leave the discussion to us devotees. You'll see her in close-up...in beautiful, glowing Technicolor and striking staging in a vibrant, vital performance that gets to the essence of her mystique as a superb entertainer. Miss Garland is - as always - real, the voice throbbing, the eyes aglow, the delicate features yielding to the demands of the years - the legs still long and lovely. Certainly the role of a top-rank singer beset by the loneliness and emotional hungers of her personal life is not an alien one to her..." - "Judith Crist", "The New York Herald Tribune" "3 stars...Judy Garland is back on screen in a role that might have been custom-tailored for her particular talents. A new song, "I Could Go On Singing", provides her with a little clowning, a chance to be gay, a time for wistfulness, an occasion for tears. She and Dirk Bogarde play wonderfully well together,
Tassili n'Ajjer is a mountain range in the Algerian part of the Sahara Desert. The name means "Plateau of the Rivers". It 72,000 km2. large. The range is mostly made of sandstone.  It is known for the prehistoric rock art. The art has herds of cattle, large wild animals including crocodiles, and human activities such as hunting and dancing.  The nearest town is Djanet. It is about 10 km southwest of the range.
The Barbary Coast, or Berber Coast, was the land of the Berber people. It was the name used by Europeans from the 16th to the 19th century. It was the coast of North Africa – what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.  This area was used by pirates. They attacked ships and coastal towns. They stole goods and people to sell as slaves from Europe, America and sub-Saharan Africa.
is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū. History. In the Edo period, "Kameyama-juku", "Seki-juku" and "Sakanoshita-juku" were the 46th, 47th, and 48th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations ("shuku-eki") along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. All three Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.
The National Liberation Front (French: "Front de Libération Nationale" FLN), is a nationalist, socialist political party in Algeria. It was formed on 1 November 1954, by several smaller groups, initially as a liberation movement, driven by anti-colonial ideology. It gained independence from France after the Algerian War. After independence in 1962, the FLN became the sole political party, and Algeria became a one-party state until in 1989 other parties were allowed to take part in elections.  History. The FLN was created on 1 November 1954, yet its origins can be seen as far back as World War II when the rise of anti-colonialism and Algerian nationalist rhetoric began. It was founded to reconcile factions within the Algerian nationalist movement and to remove France as a colonial presence. By 1956 nearly all Algerian nationalist organizations had joined, led by the Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action (French: "Comité Révolutionnaire d’Unité et d’Action"), the FLN had established itself as Algeria's main nationalist group. Algerian War. The Algerian War was launched in 1954, as the FLN led forces with their military division, the National Liberation Army, against French occupation. The National Liberation Army used predominantly guerrilla warfare, which characterized this period for the group. In 1962 the FLN entered talks with the French President Charles de Gaulle, concluding with the signing of the Evian Accords, which led to Algerian independence Ideology. War-time. The revolutionary party identified with an anti-colonial ideology that wished to gain independence from previous imperial powers. The FLN used ideology as a means to legitimize their party, they gained support from citizens who might not otherwise have supported the political goals of the party. Furthermore, the FLN had a nationalist and socialist ideology (which is also why it is considered a nationalist/socialist party) for several reasons. Oftentimes, when countries fight for independence, their movement is led by nationalists, as nationalism causes citizens to want to break free from their colonizers. The FLN's ideology not only legitimized their actions but also created a
Ahmed Ben Bella (25 December 1918 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian soldier. He was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965. He was born in Maghnia, Algeria. He was a Sunni Islam. Ben Bella joined the French Army in 1936. He went to prison for forming a group to fight French rule. He escaped and went to Tunisia. He was arrested again in 1956 and got out of prison in 1962. He became president in 1963. In 1965, Houari Boumédiènne made him stop being Presindent. He was under house arrest until 1980. He was allowed to live in Switzerland. He lived for 10 years in Lausanne. In 1990 he was able to return to Algeria.
Movie 43 is an American comedy movie in which Emma Stone, Halle Berry, Hugh Jackman, Uma Thurman, Elizabeth Banks, Chris Pratt, Naomi Watts, Seth MacFarlane, Josh Duhamel, Anna Faris, Greg Kinnear, Dennis Quaid, Kate Winslet, Gerard Butler, Richard Gere, Johnny Knoxville, Justin Long, and many other actors star. Its release date was January 25, 2013, On February 10, 2017, it aired on Teletoon's nighttime programming block, Teletoon at Night, and is rated 18A for sex, romance, nudity, swearing, violence, &amp; sexual content.
"Australian Convict Sites" is a World Heritage Site which includes the remains of 11 places used in the transportation of convicts to Australia. This was a plan by the British government to move thousands of prisoners from England to Australia. It started with the sending of the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788 and continued for about eighty years. The Australian Convict Sites include places in Sydney, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, and Fremantle. These show: " .. the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts." All the sites were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before being put on the World Heritage list in 2010. Penal Sites Included. The 11 penal sites making up the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are Criteria for Listing. There are over 3000 convict sites remaining in Australia. The Australian Convict Sites were selected as the best examples of the world's convict era. This met World Heritage Selection Criteria IV &amp; VI: Criterion IV (): "an exceptional example of the forced migration of convicts - an important stage of human history" Criterion VI (): "an extraordinary example of global ideas and developments associated with the punishment and reform of the criminal elements of humanity during the Age of Enlightenment and the modern era
Sequoia National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of California. It was created on September 25, 1890. The park covers . The park contains the highest point in the contiguous 48 United States, Mount Whitney, at above sea level. The park is next to Kings Canyon National Park. The two parks are managed together by the National Park Service. The park is famous for its giant sequoia trees. One of these trees is the General Sherman tree, one of the biggest trees on Earth. The General Sherman tree is in the Giant Forest, which has five of the ten biggest trees in the world.
Summer Stock is a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical movie. It was made in 1950. The movie was directed by Charles Walters and stars Judy Garland, Gene Kelly, Eddie Bracken, Gloria DeHaven, Marjorie Main and Phil Silvers. Nicholas Castle Sr. was the choreographer. Judy Garland struggled with many personal problems during filming, and "Summer Stock" was her last MGM movie. It was also her last pairing with Gene Kelly onscreen. MGM terminated Garland's contract - by mutual agreement - in September 1950. Plot. Jane Falbury (Garland) is a farm owner. Her actress sister Abigail (DeHaven) arrives at the farm with her theater troupe. They need a practice stage, and Jane and her housekeeper Esme (Main) reluctantly agree to let them use their barn. The actors and actresses, including the director Joe Ross (Kelly), repay her hospitality by doing chores around the farm. Although Joe is engaged to Abigail, he begins to fall in love with Jane after Abigail leaves him in an angry fit. Jane is engaged to Orville (Bracken), but falls in love with Joe. The movie ends with a spectacular show in the barn itself, with the new leading lady, Jane. Soundtrack. All songs were written by Harry Warren (music) and Mack Gordon (lyrics) except where noted. Orchestration chores were divided between Conrad Salinger and Skip Martin. Behind the scenes. Shooting this movie was sometimes a struggle for Garland. She was coping with many pressures in her personal life, including a heavy reliance on prescription medication. Audiences noticed that in the last number "Get Happy" she appears thinner than in the rest of the movie. Before shooting the number, she had taken two months off and lost between 15-20 pounds. Garland finished the movie, and embarked on a long promised vacation from the studio. Soon, however, she was called back to star with Fred Astaire in the upcoming movie "Royal Wedding". Once again, Garland struggled to perform at her absolute best in the face of exhaustion and overwork. She was fired from the movie, and her contract with MGM was terminated through mutual
The (CNCP, ) is a French inter-ministerial commission, interprofessional and interagency. It has been created by the social modernization law (No. 2002-73). It is under the authority of the Minister responsible for vocational training. The commission has several missions:
Kupiškis is a city in the northeast part of Lithuania. It is in Panevėžys County.
The Greater Blue Mountains Area is a World Heritage Site in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the World Heritage List at meeting of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairns in November 2000. Description. This area is one of rugged tablelands, cliffs, deep valleys and rivers and lakes. There are many rare and different plants and animals which tell the story of Australia's great age. It shows the story of the evolution of Australia's unique eucalypt trees and the other plants and animals which live among them. The Greater Blue Mountains Area covers about 10,300 square kilometres. It is mainly forest on a sandstone plateau 60 to 180 kilometres inland from central Sydney. The area includes large areas of wilderness and is about one third the size of Belgium, or twice the size of Brunei. The Blue Mountains are a blue color. This is because rising air temperature makes the oil of Eucalypts evaporate into the air. This makes the mountains seem bluish. The World Heritage Site includes eight protected areas. These are in two main blocks separated by land set aside for transport and housing. These areas are the: The Blue Mountains are not really mountains, but a sandstone plateau rising from less than 100 metres above sea level to 1300 metres at the highest point. The plateau is cut through with deep valleys. There are basalt outcrops on the higher ridges. There are many different plants and animals which probably survived because they found shelter from climatic changes during recent geological history.  Vegetation. The area is famous for its many different eucalypt habitats, from wet and dry sclerophyll grasslands, mallee heathlands, as well as swamps and wetlands. There are 91 species of eucalypts, 13% of all eucalypts, in the Greater Blue Mountains Area. Of these, 12 only grow here. The area has been described as a natural laboratory for studying the evolution of the eucalypts. This is because there are so many of the different types growing in the Greater Blue Mountains Area. The area shows examples of how the eucalypts have
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Blaenavon, Wales. It includes coal and ore mines, quarries, a primitive railway system, furnaces, workers' homes, and the social infrastructure of the community. History. The town of Blaenavon and 3,290 hectares in the region of the town were named a World Heritage Site in 2000. The area around Blaenavon shows of the importance of South Wales as the world's major producer of iron and coal in the 19th century.
The Groupement des industries françaises aéronautiques et spatiales (GIFAS, in English Group of French aerospace industries) is a French aerospace industries association created in 1908, featuring more than 260 members. The first name of the association was "Association des Industries de la Locomotion Aérienne". It acquired its current name in 1975. The current president of the GIFAS is Éric Trappier, the CEO of Dassault Aviation.
UniverSud Paris is a grouping of higher education institutes in France. It groups 21 public universities and the national research center. These places teach nearly all subjects of sciences (fundamental, engineering, business). History. In 1991, the French government decided to create the "French Poles of Research and Higher Education". In 2007, its status changed to a public establishment for scientific cooperation ("établissement public de coopération scientifique"). Colleges and institutes. The member universities and institutes are :