ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Stibine, also known as antimony hydride or hydrogen antimonide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbH3. It is a covalent compound. It could be seen as having antimonide and hydrogen ions, or antimony and hydride ions.  Properties. Stibine is a colorless gas. It is very toxic. It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide. Its structure is similar to ammonia. It can be found in the Marsh test, a test for arsenic. Antimony is reacted with a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid in a tube, making stibine. The stibine is heated and a shiny area of antimony is made in the heated part of the tube.  Stibine easily decomposes into antimony and hydrogen at room temperature. This decomposition can be explosive. It burns very easily in air to make antimony trioxide and water. It can be deprotonated by very strong bases. Stibine melts at -88°C and boils at -17°C. History. Stibine was first found in 1837. It was difficult to find its properties because people did not know of a good way to make it. In 1901, Alfred Stock found a good way to make this gas and found most of its properties. Preparation. Stibine is made by reacting any antimonide with a strong acid. Some antimonides react with water to make this gas. Stibine can also be made by reacting any antimony(III) compound such as antimony trioxide with any hydride. Uses. Stibine is used to dope semiconductors with antimony. Some claim that it is used as a fumigant, but phosphine works much better. Safety. Stibine is a highly toxic gas, similar in toxicity to phosphine. It is too unstable to be of any hazard outside the laboratory, though.
Zinc antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnSb. It has zinc and antimonide ions in it. Properties. Zinc antimonide is a gray solid. Its properties are between an alloy and a salt. It reacts with water to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It is a semiconductor. Preparation and Uses. It is made by heating zinc and antimony. It is used in transistors and infrared detectors.
Antimony tribromide, also known as antimony(III) bromide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbBr3. It has antimony and bromide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony tribromide is a colorless solid. It absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrobromic acid. It has covalent bonds in it and melts easily. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony and bromine or by reacting concentrated hydrobromic acid with antimony trioxide. Uses. It is used as a fire retardant. It is also used in dyeing, and analytical chemistry.
Antimony trichloride, also known as antimony(III) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl3. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trichloride is a white or pale yellow solid. It has a strong odor and absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride.  Preparation. It is made by reacting chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide, or antimony trisulfide. Uses. It is used to detect Vitamin A. It is used to get horns off calves. It is also used as a catalyst.
Antimony trifluoride, also known as antimony(III) fluoride or Swart's reagent, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbF3. It has antimony and fluoride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state.  Properties. Antimony trifluoride is a light gray solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is very corrosive. It has a strong odor.  Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrofluoric acid or by reacting antimony with a little fluorine. Uses. It is used to add fluoride ions to other chemical compounds in organic chemistry. A Belgian chemist reacted a chloride with antimony trifluoride and chlorine to make a fluoride from the chloride. It was used to make Freon. It is also used in pottery and dyeing. Safety. Antimony trifluoride is highly corrosive. It is acidic and can burn the digestive system. It also makes ulcers.
Antimony triiodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbI3. It has antimony and iodide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties, preparation, and uses. Antimony triiodide is a red solid. It is made by reacting antimony with iodine or by reacting concentrated hydriodic acid with antimony trioxide. It is used as a dopant.
Antimony trioxide, also known as antimony(III) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. It has antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trioxide is a white solid. It is the most common antimony compound. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with oxidizing agents to make antimony pentoxide and with reducing agents to make antimony or stibine. It reacts with concentrated acids to make antimony(III) salts and dissolves in strong bases. Occurrence. Antimony trioxide is found in two minerals, valentinite and senarmontite. Valentinite is a white mineral that is sometimes pale yellow. Preparation. Antimony trioxide is made when antimony is made. Stibnite is heated with air to make antimony trioxide. It is separated from arsenic by the boiling of the arsenic trioxide before the antimony trioxide boils. Antimony trioxide can also be made by a two step process. Stibnite is burned in air with calcium chloride to make calcium sulfate and antimony trichloride, which is reacted with water to make antimony trioxide. Uses. Antimony trioxide is mainly used as a flame retardant. It is also used to make glass, enamel, and ceramic opaque (not clear). Some pigments have antimony in them. It is also used as a catalyst for making plastics. It is also used as a catalyst for vulcanizing rubber, making it more "rubbery" and less likely to crack. Safety. Antimony trioxide is somewhat carcinogenic. It is somewhat toxic when eaten or breathed in.
Valentinite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It is a mineral form of antimony trioxide. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3. It is colorless to white. Its specific gravity is 5.76. It is made when stibnite is oxidized.
Antimony trisulfide, also known as antimony(III) sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It has antimony and sulfide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trisulfide is a gray solid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and an antimony(III) compound. It dissolves in potassium hydroxide. It burns in air to make antimony(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide. It is a reducing agent. Occurrence. Stibnite is the mineral form of antimony trisulfide. Preparation. Antimony trisulfide is made in the laboratory by reacting any antimony(III) compound with hydrogen sulfide. Uses. Antimony trisulfide is used in cosmetics; in this area it is called kohl. It is used in pyrotechnics to make a glitter effect. It is also used in the heads of safety matches. It used to be used in flash powder before electronic flashes were used.
Stibnite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It is the main ore of antimony. The American Museum of Natural History has a huge crystal of stibnite. Stibnite is soft, with a Mohs hardness of 2. Its specific gravity is 4.63.
Antimony tetroxide, also known as antimony tetraoxide or antimony(III,V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O4. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is both in the +3 and the +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony tetroxide is a white solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It turns yellow when heated and turns white again when cooled. Occurrence and preparation. Antimony tetroxide is found as the mineral cervantite. It is made by heating antimony trioxide with air, burning antimony in air, or heated antimony pentoxide strongly.
Antimony pentachloride, also known as antimony(V) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl5. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony pentachloride is a colorless or yellow liquid. It releases toxic and odorous (bad odor) fumes in air. It melts at 2.8°C and boils at 140°C. It reacts with water to make antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in chloroform. It absorbs water to form a solid hydrate. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Preparation. It is made by reacting liquid antimony trichloride with chlorine.  Uses. It is used in a test for caesium. It is also used in the making of chemicals and dyes.
Antimony pentafluoride, also known as antimony(V) fluoride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbF5. It has five antimony-fluorine bonds. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony pentafluoride is a colorless viscous liquid. It is an extremely powerful oxidizing agent and very reactive. Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus (red or yellow) can burn on contact with it. It can oxidize oxygen in the present of fluorine, which makes SbF5/F2 mixtures one of the strongest oxidizers . It is not normal as oxygen normally oxidizes other things; it does not get oxidized commonly. It can make very strong acids (fluoroantimonic acid) when mixed with hydrogen fluoride. It was used in the first reaction that used fluorides to make fluorine. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony pentoxide or antimony pentachloride with hydrofluoric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony trifluoride with fluorine.  Uses. It is used to make very strong acids. Fluoroantimonic acid is the notable superacid formed by mixing SbF5 and HF. It was also used in the first reaction that formed Fluorine gas. Safety. Antimony pentafluoride reacts with most chemical compounds. It is extremely corrosive and poisonous. It is a powerful oxidizer. It violently forms Hydrogen Fluoride in contact with water and biological tissues.
Antimony pentoxide, also known as antimony pentaoxide and antimony(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O5. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. It is a yellow solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid to make antimony pentachloride and antimony pentafluoride. It breaks down to antimony tetroxide when heated to a high temperature. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with nitric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony pentafluoride or antimony pentachloride with water. Uses. Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. It is also used as a catalyst.
Lucas Alan Cruikshank (born August 29, 1993) is an American comedian and television actor. He was born in Columbus, Nebraska on August 29, 1993. He created his character Fred Figglehorn, and his "Fred" series for his channel, on the video-sharing website YouTube. These videos are about Fred Figglehorn, a fictional 6-year-old who has a weird home life and "anger management issues". Cruikshank is openly gay. In a video released August 20, 2013, he came out saying "I'm gay. I feel so weird saying it on camera. But my family and friends have known for like three years. I just haven't felt the need to announce it on the Internet."
Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus, a type virus of Flaviviridae; "flavus" means "yellow" in Latin. They include the following genera:
During World War II, the Netherlands was taken by Germany by military force, and occupied it between 1940–1945. It started with the Battle of the Netherlands in 10 May 1940. On May 15, the Dutch government surrendered and the Germans took over. The Dutch government went to London. The country was liberated on 5 May 1945, when the Germans surrendered to the British and Canadian forces.
Protection (1994) is Bristol-based trip-hop band Massive Attack's second album. Sound. "Protection" was featured in the top ten of "Rolling Stone" magazine's 'Coolest Albums of All Time List,' calling it "great music for when you're driving around a city at 4 am," due to the 'chill out' nature of the album. Like most of Massive Attack's albums, the music often forgets about categorisation, ranging from R&amp;B (title track, Sly) to hip hop/rap (Karmacoma, Eurochild) to reggae-tinged synthpop (Spying Glass) to classical-influenced electronica instrumentals (Weather Storm, Heat Miser). Paul Evans of "Rolling Stone" gave the album three and a half of five stars calling it "Cool, sexy stuff, it smoothly fuses dub, club and soul, grounding its grace in sampled hip-hop beats." It is the second and last Massive Attack album listed in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". The track "Karmacoma" featured vocals from Tricky, and the video was directed by Jonathan Glazer. The song also features a sample from the track "Dream Time in Lake Jackson" by The KLF, which can be found 2:00 minutes in. DJ Mad Professor remixed the album in 1995 under the name "No Protection".
Neneh Marianne Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), known as Neneh Cherry is a Swedish singer-songwriter and rapper of mixed African-European descent. Cherry is also an occasional DJ and broadcaster. Cherry blends hip hop with other influences, and experienced some mainstream success with several of her recordings. Early life. Cherry was born in Stockholm. A biracial woman, Cherry's father is from the Sierra Leone in West Africa and her mother, Moki, is from Sweden. However, she was raised by the African American jazz musician Don Cherry (1936-1995), whom her mother married early in her life. Career. Early days in London. Cherry left school at 14 and moved to London, where she joined the punk rock band "The Cherries". Cherry moved through several bands, including New Age Steppers, Rip Rig + Panic (with whom she appeared on an episode of cult sitcom "The Young Ones" in 1982), and Float Up CP. She also DJ'd, playing early rap music on the reggae pirate Dread Broadcasting Corporation. Raw Like Sushi. In 1988 "Buffalo Stance" was released. Cherry's first album "Raw Like Sushi" was released on 2 May 1989.  Homebrew. In 1992 Cherry's second album "Homebrew" was released. It did not sell as many copies as "Raw Like Sushi".  Man. In 1996 Cherry released "Man". Blank Project. In February 2014 Cherry released her first solo album in 18 years, "Blank Project".
Blue Lines is the first album by British electronica group Massive Attack, released on 8 April 1991 (see 1991 in music) by Virgin Records. "Blue Lines" is usually considered the first trip hop album, although the term was not used commonly until years later. The album was a success in the United Kingdom, reaching #13 in the albums chart; sales were limited elsewhere. A mix of electronic music, hip hop, dub music, '70s soul music and reggae, the album established Massive Attack as one of the most best British bands of the 1990s and the founder of trip hop's Bristol Sound. Music critic Simon Reynolds stated that the album also marked a change in electronic/dance music, "a shift toward a more interior, meditational sound. The songs on "Blue Lines" run at 'spliff' tempos – from a mellow, moonwalking 90 beats per minute ...down to a positively torpid 67 bpm." The group also drew inspiration from concept albums in various genres by artists such as Pink Floyd, Public Image Ltd., Billy Cobham, Herbie Hancock and Isaac Hayes. "Blue Lines" featured breakbeats, sampling, and rapping on a number of tracks, but the design of the album differed from common hip hop. Massive Attack approached the American-born hip hop movement from an underground British perspective, as well as incorporating live instruments into the mixes. It features the vocals of Shara Nelson and Horace Andy, along with the rapping of Tricky Kid. "Blue Lines" proved to be popular in the club scene, as well as on college radio stations. Daddy G said about the making of the album:
Shinji Ikari (碇シンジ) is a main character in "Neon Genesis Evangelion". He is the pilot of Evangelion Unit 01. Profile. Shinji was born on June 6, 2001. His father, Gendo (ゲンドウ), is the commander of NERV. His mother, Yui (ユイ), died when Shinji was a child. Shinji lives in "Tokyo-3", a city built, after the original Tokyo was destroyed. He is a junior high school student and the pilot of Unit 01. He plays the cello. His blood type is A. Personality. Shinji has low self-esteem. He is scared of piloting, and has left NERV a few times. He always returns to NERV for various reasons. Shinji makes a few friends throughout the series. He courageously tries to help them when they have problems, even if he could get hurt. Relationships. Asuka Soryu. Asuka is a selfish American-German pilot of Unit-02. She insults anyone who tries to support her. Gendo Ikari. Shinji does not spend time with his father often. Rei Ayanami. Rei feels more lonely than Shinji, but acts like she does not have feelings. He is curious about her. Misato Katsuragi. Shinji's guardian who lives in her apartment. References. GAINAX NET , GAINAX Official web site. Retrieved 22.12.2010 Nihon TV Official web site , Nihon TV Official web site. Retrieved 22.12.2010
New Edition is an American R&amp;B/pop music group from Boston's neighborhood Roxbury. It was formed in 1978. The members of the group are Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins, Ronnie DeVoe, Bobby Brown, Johnny Gill and Ralph Tresvant. They released hit songs, including "Mr. Telephone Man" and "Candy Girl" during the 1980s and 1990s. They were one of the first boy bands. Brown left the group around 1985. Gill was later added to the group in 1987. Brown, Gill, and Tresvant became solo while the remaining three members formed the trio Bell Biv DeVoe. All six members reunited in the 1990s for their sixth album "Home Again" (1996).
Marie Louise d'Orléans (26 March 1662 – 12 February 1689) was the first wife of King Charles II of Spain. She was a granddaughter of Louis XIII of France. In her adopted country, she was known as "Maria Luisa de Orléans". Background. Marie Louise d'Orléans was born at the Palais Royal in Paris and was the eldest daughter of Philippe of France and Henrietta of England.  Charming, pretty and graceful, Marie Louise was her father's favourite and she had a happy childhood. Marie Louise spent a lot of time with both her grandmothers - Anne of Austria and Queen Henrietta Maria. For a time she was raised with the future Queen Anne I of Great Britain, her first cousin who lived in France till 1670. Marie Louise's mother died the same year and her father married Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate in 1671. All her life, Marie Louise would maintain an affectionate correspondence with her stepmother.  Marriage. She was forced to marry Charles II of Spain. The proxy marriage ceremony took place at the Palace of Fontainebleau on 30 August 1679. On 19 November 1679, Marie Louise and Charles II were married in-person in Quintanapalla, near Burgos, Spain. This was the start of a very lonely existence at the Spanish court. Her new husband had fallen madly in love with her, whose beauty and charm were renowned, and his passion for her remained with him until the end of his life. The very rigid etiquette of the Spanish Court (it was even forbidden to touch the Queen), and her unsuccessful attempts to bear a child, however, caused her to suffer from depression.  Her French attendants were all accused of plotting against the king and his family and, as a result, one of her personal maids was tortured under allegations. Due to the nature of the times, and the Spanish Court’s hatred of the young French princess, there were even riots outside the Palace in Madrid where she resided.  After years of trying and of increasing homesickness of her happy years in France with her family, Marie Louise turned to
Andrew Lee Isaac Vowles (born 10 November 1967, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, England), also known as Mushroom, is a founding member of British trip-hop band Massive Attack. Early years. Vowles grew up in Bath. The same time to Massive Attack, Vowles, along with Robert Del Naja, Grant Marshall, Nellee Hooper, and others were The Wild Bunch crew, named after a western by Sam Peckinpah. Several members of The Wild Bunch formed Massive Attack. Career. Vowles stayed a member of Massive Attack until shortly after the release of their third full-length album, "Mezzanine", in 1998. Interviews with band members have pointed to differences of opinion in the direction the band should go; Vowles liking a hip-hop direction while Robert Del Naja and Daddy G leaned more towards darker electronica themes. He also had expressed a dislike for touring, an activity which he characterised as "pimping".
Marie Jeanne of Savoy (Marie Jeanne Baptiste; 11 April 1644 – 15 March 1724) was Duchess of Savoy as wife of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy. She acted as Regent for her son Victor Amadeus II and was the sister of the Queen of Portugal. Biography. She was born a Princess of Savoy in Paris. Married by proxy to Charles of Lorraine in 1662, Lorraine soon refused to recognise the union. Despite this, she married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy in 1665 who was her second cousin once removed. The mother of the future Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia who saw the elevation of the House of Savoy to kings, she styled herself as Madama Reale or Madame Royale and acted as Regent of Savoy from 1675 in the name of her son Victor Amadeus II who was his successor. Her regency officially ended in 1680 but she maintained power for four years until her son banished her from further influence in the state. She left a considerable architectural legacy in Turin and was responsible for the remodelling of the which was her private residence. At the time of her death she was the mother of the King of Sardinia as well as great-grandmother of the King of Spain and King of France as well as the mother of the King of Sardinia. Name. Her name in French would be translated as Marie "Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie" whereas in Italian it would translate as "Maria Giovanna Battista di Savoia". The addition of Nemours to either is incorrect and holds no relevance to her other than she was a daughter of a duke of Nemours. The French version of her name is used more than its Italian variant. Therefore, she is known as simply Marie Jeanne of Savoy.
Charles Emmanuel II (20 June 1634 – 12 June 1675) was the Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine Marie of France until 1663. He was also the claimant king of Cyprus and Jerusalem. At his death in 1675 his second wife Marie Jeanne of Savoy acted as Regent for their eleven-year-old son. Biography. He was born in Turin to Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy and Christine Marie of France. In 1638 at the death of his older brother Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel succeeded to the duchy of Savoy at the age of 4. His mother governed in his place, and even after reaching adulthood, Charles Emmanuel continued a life of pleasure, far away from the affairs of state. Only after the death of his mother in 1663, he really assumed power. But he greatly improved commerce and wealth in the Duchy, developing the port of Nice and building a road through the Alps towards France. He also reformed the army by forming five Piedmontese regiments and recreated cavalry, as well as introducing uniforms. He also restored fortifications. He constructed many beautiful buildings in Turin, for instance the Palazzo Reale where he died. He is buried at Turin Cathedral. Marriages. Charles Emmanuel married twice.