ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Atlantic Wall (German: "Atlantikwall") was an extensive system of Coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the western coast of Europe as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of the mainland continent from Great Britain. Construction. On March 23, 1942 Führer Directive Number 40 called for the official creation of the Atlantic Wall. After the St. Nazaire Raid, on April 13, 1942 Adolf Hitler ordered naval and submarine bases to be heavily defended. Fortifications remained concentrated around ports until late in 1943 when defences were increased in other areas. Organisation Todt, which had designed the Siegfried Line ("Westwall") along the Franco-German border, was the chief engineering group responsible for the design and construction of the wall's major fortifications. Thousands of forced laborers were impressed to construct these permanent fortifications along the Dutch, Belgian and French coasts facing the English Channel. Early in 1944, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was assigned to improve the Wall's defences. Rommel believed the existing coastal fortifications were entirely inadequate and he began strengthening them. He knew that the beaches between were barely defended, and the Allies could land there and capture the ports from the land. Under his direction, a string of reinforced concrete pillboxes were built along the beaches, or sometimes slightly inland, to house machine guns, anti-tank guns, and light artillery. Mines and antitank obstacles were planted on the beaches themselves, and underwater obstacles and mines were placed in waters just off shore. The intent was to destroy the Allied landing craft before they could unload. The Germans laid almost six million mines in northern France. More gun emplacements and minefields extended inland, along roads leading away from the beaches. In likely landing spots for military gliders and paratroopers, the Germans installed slanted poles with sharpened tops, which the troops called "Rommelspargel" ("Rommel's asparagus"). Low-lying land near rivers was flooded, as well.  Rommel firmly believed that Germany would inevitably be defeated unless the invasion could be stopped at the beach. Although the defensive wall was
Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime. If a plan to kill Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944 had succeeded, Goerdeler would have served as the Chancellor of the new government. He was mayor of Leipzig from 1930 to 1937. Goerdeler was executed by hanging.
Portage la Prairie is a city in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The population of Portage la Prairie was 13,270 at the 2021 census and is the 5th largest city in the province of Manitoba. The mayor of Portage la Prairie is Sharilyn Knox. Portage la Prairie is the sister city of Plant City, Florida in the United States. Name origins. The name comes from the French word "portage", which means to carry a canoe overland and between waterways. In this case the "portage" would have been between the Assiniboine River and Lake Manitoba, over "la prairie".
Bad Boys II is an American action and comedy movie from 2003. It stars Martin Lawrence and Will Smith as police officers working for the Miami Police Department. The officers are on a mission to dissolve an ecstasy trafficking organization. It is a sequel to the 1995 movie "Bad Boys". The movie received mostly negative reviews.
Neopterygii is a group of fish. Neopterygii means "new fins".  There are only few changes during their evolution from the earlier actinopterygians. They appeared somewhere in the Late Permian, before the time of the dinosaurs. The Neopterygii is a very successful group of fishes, because they can move more rapidly than their ancestors. Their scales and skeletons began to lighten during their evolution, and their jaws became more powerful and efficient. The following diagram explains their relationship to the teleosts. Almost all modern fish are teleosts.
Holostei is a group of ancient bony fish that show primitive characteristics. There are eight species divided among two orders, the Amiiformes represented by two living species, the bowfin ("Amia calva") and the eyespot bowfin ("Amia ocellicauda"), and the Lepisosteiformes, the gars. There are more species to be found in the fossil record. Holostei was thought to be paraphyletic before. However, a recent study said that they are the closest living relatives of the Teleostei.
Reñaca is a Chilean area of many beaches. It is at the north of Viña del Mar, Chile. Overview. There are many balnearios with some very good restaurants and recreational activities, specially in summer on the beach. Education. There are two universities:
Silverstone is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is about from Towcester on the former A43 main road, from the M1 motorway junction 15A and about from the M40 motorway junction 10, Northampton, Milton Keynes and Banbury. The A43 now bypasses to the south-east of the village, between the village and the race circuit. History. The village is listed in the Domesday Book. In the Middle Ages the village trade was primarily in timber from the surrounding Whittlewood forest, through the use of coppicing. Coppicing is a method of managing a forest. It allows trees to regrow after they have been cut down.  Parish church. The first chapel in Silverstone was built by 1200 AD. In about 1780 the mediaeval building was replaced by a Georgian building. That building was enlarged in 1841 and 1852. The entire church was demolished (torn down) in the 1880's and replaced by the present Church of England parish church of Saint Michael. The building is a Gothic Revival designed by JP St Aubyn. It was finished in 1884. Facilities. The village has a public house, the White Horse Inn. About south of the village is the Silverstone Circuit. It was a Royal Air Force bomber base during World War II. Now it is the home of the British Grand Prix, a Formula One race. The race track attracts more than 300,000 visitors each year.
Rasmus Lindgren (born 29 November 1984 in Landskrona,Sweden) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. Before he went to Red Bull in the summer of 2011, he played for AFC Ajax Amsterdam and FC Groningen in the Dutch Eredivisie. Career. He started with his local team Landskrona BoIS and went on to Ajax Amsterdams youth team in 2003. He became member of Ajax´ first squad in 2005. He played four times and then he came to FC Groningen on loan. After this he signed with Groningen and played 84 matches for the team. In January 2008 he came back to Ajax and became a regular player in the next two seasons. But injuries and the chance of the playing system under the coaches Martin Jol and Frank de Boer made him to a substitute player. So he went on to Red Bull Salzburg in 2011.  International. After making 9 appearances in the U21 team, he made his debut for Sweden on 19 November 2008, in a 3–1 defeat to the Netherlands. Honours. Ajax
San Sebastián University (Universidad San Sebastián) is a private university in Chile with headquarters in Santiago. Some faculties are in Concepción, Puerto Montt and other cities of Chile. History. It was founded and established in 1989, state-recognized in 2001.
Google+ was a social networking website owned and operated by Google. Google+ was opened to people with an invitation on April 28, 2008 for testing. The next day the July 3, 2015, people with accounts were allowed to invite friends to the service. This was stopped within a day after there was "insane demand" for accounts. Google+ is made to work with different Google social services such as Google Profiles and Google Buzz. It also has features including Circles, Hangouts, Sparks and Huddles. It has been said that this is Google's biggest attempt to rival the social network Facebook. On October 8, 2018, Google said they were going to shut down Google+ by the end of August 2019. This is because a software bug in Google+ let people see the data of hundreds of thousands of users. They later moved the shut down date to April 2, 2019 after discovering yet another bug. Growth. On 14 July 2011, Google said that Google+ had 10 million users two weeks after it was opened to people with invitations. After three weeks, Google+ had 20 million users. The Google+ iPhone app was the most popular free application in the Apple App Store less than a day after it was added to the store.
Colombia was at the Olympic Games in 1932 for the first time. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Colombia is COL. History. Teams from Colombia have been in all but one Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1952 Games. Colombia was in the Winter Olympic Games in the 2010 Winter Olympics. Colombian athletes have won a total of eleven Olympic medals in six different sports. María Isabel Urrutia won the nation's first gold medal in 2000. The National Olympic Committee for Colombia was formed in 1936 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.
Costa Rica was first at the Olympic Games in 1936 The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Costa Rica was COS. It is now CRC. History. Teams from Costa Rica have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1964. Costa Rica has been in several Winter Olympic Games since 1980. Costa Rican athletes have won a total of four medals, all by Silvia Poll and Claudia Poll in swimming. The National Olympic Committee for Costa Rica was formed in 1953 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1954.
Cuba was first at the Olympic Games in 1900. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Cuba is CUB. History. Teams from Cuba have been in 19 of 26 Summer Olympic Games overall. Cuban athletes have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. Cuban athletes have won a total of 208 medals at the Summer Olympics. The National Olympic Committee for Cuba is the "Comité Olímpico Cubano". It was formed in 1926 and recognized in 1954.
Dominica was first at the Olympic Games in 1996. They have been in each Games since then. Thea LaFond won the country’s first gold medal in the 2024 Paris Games in the long jump.  The Dominica Olympic Committee was formed in 1993 and recognized in 1998. Dominica has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.
Dominican Republic was first at the Olympic Games in 1964. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Dominican Republic is DOM. History. Teams from the Dominican Republic have competed in the Summer Olympic Games. None have gone to the Winter Olympic Games. The country has won six medals in all.
Ecuador has been in 12 Summer Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Ecuador is ECU. History. No Ecuadorian team has competed in the Olympic Winter Games. The Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1948 and recognized by the IOC in 1959.
Windom is a city in Cottonwood County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,798 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Cottonwood County. Windom is a small farming town. It also has many parks including one with a disc golf course. The Des Moines River flows through Windom and some people canoe there. History. The city was named for William Windom, who was a United States Senator from Minnesota from 1881–1883, and was United States Secretary of the Treasury under presidents James Garfield, Chester Arthur and Benjamin Harrison. Geography. Windom is located at (43.866346, -95.116937). It is above sea level. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11.0 km²). 4.1 square miles (10.6 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km²) of it (3.8%) is water. Politics. Windom is located in Minnesota's 7th congressional district, represented by Michelle Fischbach, a Republican. At the state level, Windom is located in Senate District 21, represented by Republican Bill Weber, and in House District 21B, represented by Republican Marj Fogelman. Transportation. U.S. Highway 71, Minnesota Highway 60, and Minnesota Highway 62 are three of the main routes in the city. Industry. Windom is home to one of 8 Toro manufacturing facilities. It is also the home to Big Game Treestands. Communications. The local paper is the "Cottonwood County Citizen". The local radio station is KDOM Radio.  Education. Windom is home to three schools: Windom Area Middle/High School, Winfair Elementary School, and Red Rock Ridge ALC. It is also home to two preschools: Busy Bees and Sunshine School. Windom Area Middle/High School. Windom Area Middle/High School is home to students grade 4-12 due to renovations in 2003. There are roughly 300 students attending the high school (grades
El Salvador has been in thirteen Summer Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for El Salvador is ESA. In 1964, it was SAL for "salvador". History. There have been no teams from El Salvador at the Olympic Winter Games. As of 2025, El Salvador does not have a medal. The "Comité Olímpico de El Salvador" was formed in 1949 and recognized by the IOC in 1962.
The University of the Bío-Bío () is a university located in Concepción, Chile. It is one of the universities in the south of Chile. History. This university was created by the union of some statal universities and was founded in 1947 as the Technical University of the State (TUS).
Alexander Walke (born June 6, 1983 in Oranienburg, Brandenburg) is a German professional football goalkeeper who is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. Career. After starting football with his local club Eintracht Oranienburg he went at the age of 14 to Energie Cottbus. He was transferred to Werder Bremen where he reached the first squad in 2003. 2005 he went on to SC Freiburg and SV Wehen Wiesbaden. His next team was Hansa Rostock, where he signed a two-years contract but went in 2010 to FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. The 2010/11 season he played on loan for Greuther Fürth in the Second German Bundesliga then he came back to Salzburg. In the 2011/12 season he played his first league match on November 26, 2011 versus SV Kapfenberg. His last match was on 28 May 2023 versus Austria Klagenfurt. After this match he ended his career.He played 158 league matches for Salzburg. International. He played for Germany at the FIFA World Youth Championship 2003, but tested positive with doping. Honours. Red Bull Salzburg
Dave Murray (born David Michael Murray on 23 December 1956 in Edmonton, London, England) is one of the three guitarists in the British heavy metal band, Iron Maiden. Murray has been with Iron Maiden since 1980. Career. Murray is considered the second original member of Iron Maiden along with the founder Steve Harris. He has played on every album since its debut in 1980. However, Murray joined in 1976, just two months after they formed in 1975. He was forced to leave the band that year by the vocalist Dennis Wilcock, but returned months later. His solos are characterized for being fluid and clean, making rapid progress note after note through techniques that use the right hand using especially a lot of "Hammer and tapping", based on the legato technique. A characteristic in live performance is the vocalization which makes while playing fast parts, as if singing at the same time than playing his Fender Stratocaster. First years. David Michael Murray was born on 23 December 1956 in Edmunton, England. Dave's mother often worked part-time at a bar, because his father was at a young age retired consequence of a disease. The money for the maintenance of the house came irregularly. The frustration and poverty took their parents to a continuous fighting which caused her mother to take him together with her sisters to the nearest army refuge, where they used to spend weeks protected from the occasional attacks of fury of his father. During his adolescence, Dave was interested in music, so he developed an cardboard-electric guitar to mimic the Beatles records, also that he risked playing with the piano of a bar that was in the bottom of a residential complex in which they lived for some time. In 1970 his family finally rented a more comfortable house in the county of Clapton, and that's how the future partner of Steve Harris, like many other teens in that time shaved his head. The moment that completely changed the life of Dave and took him to a career which seemed impossible in his time and those who followed the style of skinhead, occurred at the age of 15 when heard for the first time the song "Voodoo Child" (
In politics, the use of agriculture or agricultural products to influence the outcome of decisions is called Food Power. Several nations with crude oil have organised themselves and founded a cartel called OPEC. Through this cartel, they can fix the price at which they will sell oil. Food power works in much the same way. Nations usually do what is best for their citizens, who usually want food.  Food power is part of food politics. Embargoes can also be used to put pressure on a nation. In order for a nation to make use of food power effectively, the nation must effectively apply and display scarcity, supply concentration, demand dispersion, and action independence. The four main nations that export enough agriculture to be able to exert food power are the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The U.S. does appear to use food power for punishment. Some African countries have used food power in internal conflicts on a smaller scale.
The Arecibo message was a short radio message sent into space to celebrate the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974. It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13, about 25,000 light years from Earth. M13 was chosen because it was the right size, and was in the sky at the right time and place for the ceremony.  Dr. Frank Drake, then at Cornell University and creator of the famous Drake equation, wrote the message, with help from Carl Sagan, among others. The message was in seven parts which show: It will take 25,000 years for the message to reach the stars, and at least another 25,000 years to get any reply. This means the Arecibo message was a show of human technological achievement, not a real attempt to talk to extraterrestrial life. The stars of M13 that the message was aimed at will no longer be in that location when the message arrives. Cornell University said on November 12, 1999, the real purpose of the message was not to make contact, but to show the power of the new equipment. (Cornell University had built and operated the radio telescope for the United States National Science Foundation.) The message consisted of 1679 binary digits, about 210 bytes. It was transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 1000 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes. The cardinality of 1679 was chosen because it is a semiprime. It can be arranged as a rectangle of 73 rows by 23 columns. The other arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, does not produce a meaningful result. The message forms the image shown on the right, or its inverse, when translated into graphics characters and spaces. In 2009 the band Boxcutter made an album called the "Arecibo Message", which has a lot of short songs.
The Ministry of Justice (in Spanish: "Ministerio de Justicia" - previously called "Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia", "Ministerio de Justicia y Culto", "Ministerio de Sanidad, Trabajo y Justicia" and "Ministerio de Interior y Justicia") is one of the departments of the Government of Spain. The current minister of Justice is "Dolores Delgado García." It's headquarters is located in Madrid, in the "Palacio de la Marquesa de la Sonora". Tasks. The Ministry of Justice is responsible for the preparation and execution of government policy on development of law (criminal law, civil law, commercial law, ...), rights and religious freedom and worship, prerogative of mercy and titles of nobility and greatness of Spain. In addition, the department shall be responsible for policy for the organization and support for the administration of justice, international judicial cooperation, as well as with the Autonomous Communities, in coordination with other relevant departments in this area. The ministry is also one that provides legal assistance to State.
Goliath is a steel roller coaster in the Dutch theme park Walibi Holland. The lift hill has a height of 46.8 meters. This makes it the tallest coaster of the Benelux. However, in 2007 this record was beaten by Vertigo in Walibi Belgium, but after Vertigo was demolished in 2008, Goliath was again the tallest coaster of the Benelux. Ride information. The coaster was created by the Swiss coaster manufacturer Intamin AG. It was opened in 2002. The coaster has a maximum speed of 66 miles per hour (106 km/h) over 3,982 feet (1,214 m) of track. The coaster has 2 trains, one green and one purple with hydraulic lap bars as restraints.
Sylvia Anne Ratonel, born June 14, 1988, is a Singaporean singer and spokesmodel. She is best known as the runner-up of the third season of "Singapore Idol". Ratonel was also the first female to make it to the finals. The program started her career in singing and entertainment. In January 2010, she signed a contract with broadcaster MediaCorp. Ratonel signed a recording contract with Universal Music Singapore in March of the same year. She was the first Singaporean celebrity ambassador for cosmetic brand Maybelline. In 2010, Sylvia Ratonel was ranked as part of the "Top 100 Sexiest Women in the World" by FHM Magazine. She also won the "Breakout Star of the Year" ELLE Awards 2010. Her self-titled debut album, "Sylvia Ratonel" was released on 27 October 2010. Four singles were released from the album. Three of these became Top 10 hits on Singapore radio charts. Early life. Sylvia comes from a family of five. She has two brothers; Bryan and Timothy. Her family was not wealthy in her early years. When she was 10, the family moved into a small apartment with no bedrooms. Sylvia later said that they "grew up sleeping together in one room, on mattresses". Life was not easy for her family. They had to depend on food from their church. They would go to church every Sunday to get food. Sylvia studied at Fengshan Primary School and Bedok View Secondary School. She chose an education at Temasek Polytechnic so she could start working quicker. Sylvia graduated with a diploma in Hospitality and Tourism Management. She worked while in school to help support her family. After graduating, Sylvia decided to wait to go to college because her parents could not afford it. Instead, she went to work at the Conrad Centennial Hotel as a secretary. Growing up, Sylvia did not take part in school performances. At the age of 18, Sylvia left home in what was a rebellious phase. She began visiting clubs and drinking alcohol. She now has a better relationship with her family. Ratonel says that
The term spa is associated with water treatment of disease by bathing. Spa towns, spa resorts, and hot springs resorts often offer various health treatments. People have believed in the helpful powers of mineral waters back to prehistoric times. This practice has been popular worldwide. It is especially widespread in Europe and Japan. Origins of the term. The term came from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium. This name was known back in Roman times, when it was called Aquae Spadanae. It may be related to the Latin word "spargere" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten.