ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Heterojunction solar cells (HJT), also known as Silicon heterojunction (SHJ), are a type of solar cell. They are mass-produced, and the second-most common variety of solar cell currently in production as of 2023. They are currently the most efficient type of solar cell used in solar panels available to everyday consumers.  Similarly to other consumer solar cells, they are made from crystalline silicon wafer. Silicon wafers used in solar cells have to be specially prepared to enable them to efficiently generate power from sunlight. Various techniques are used to improve solar cell efficiency. HJT solar cells are set apart from other solar cells in the way that they achieve their high efficiency. Silicon wafers have useful properties for electricity generation from light. Most photons that enter the silicon wafer are converted directly into electrons, which then flow towards the wafer surface. The bulk material, being high quality electronics-grade silicon, is easy for electrons to travel through. However, the surface of these wafers are problematic for the flow of electricity, because they are rough-hewn at the atomic scale. The interruptions to the silicon crystal causes electrons to become trapped at these surfaces, and thus they are unable to contribute to the generated electric current.  To solve this issue, HJT solar cells use a very thin layer of amorphous (non-crystalline) silicon on top of the crystalline substrate. Amorphous silicon has very different chemical and electrical properties to crystalline silicon. The amorphous layer terminates the silicon crystal in a way that the electrons are not trapped. This technique is known as "surface passivation" because it makes the surface electrically passive. This is a highly effective way of neutralising surface defects. The reason it is called "heterojunction" is because "hetero" means "different", referring to the different properties of the amorphous and crystalline silicon. "Junction" means the electrical interface between the two materials. After the electrons exit the silicon wafer surface, they travel into a thin conductive coating on the front of the solar cell (the blue-coloured material), and are then collected by the metal electrode (visible as a
Tristan is a Old French poem originally written by Thomas of Brittany. It is actually a narrative poem. It is one of the many versions of the Tristan and Iseult legend. The poem exists only in eight fragments, amounting to around 3,300 lines of verse, most of those lines of verse are written towards the end of the story. It has been calculated that this shows about ⅙ of the original.
Macro BMA formerly known as Banco Itaú, was an Argentine banking entity owned by Banco Macro since November 2023. It was the Argentine subsidiary of the Brazilian bank Itaú Unibanco, founded in 1998 after the acquisition of Banco del Buen Ayre. Currently, the entity has 99 bank branches and 140 ATMs throughout the country, serving over 400,000 clients. History. It was founded in 1998 after the purchase of Banco del Buen Ayre.  On August 24, 2023, Banco Macro purchased this bank from its then parent Itaú Unibanco for a price of US$50 million. On November 3, 2023, the entity was renamed Macro BMA. On November 19, 2024, Macro BMA will cease to exist as a separate entity from Banco Macro and all of its customers, alongside their existing accounts and products, will become part of Macro.
Work It Out Wombats! is a TV show from PBS Kids produced by WGBH Kids. Characters.
The Minimighty Kids (Les Minijusticiers) is a French-animated television series based on a comic book series by Hélène Bruller and Zep about 78 children that magically gain superpowers based on each of their flaws and differences. A second season titled The Minimighty Squad (La Brande De Minijusticiers) centers around 5 of these kids that keep their powers because of them wishing on a magic star. It aired on CBBC in the UK.
Humor Risk is a lost silent short comedy horror movie that saw the debut of the Marx Brothers. The movie was released in December 1921 after being shot in April that year. The reception it received at the children's matinee in New York was poor, and either Groucho Marx or the Brothers are said to have purchased the rights and had the sole print destroyed. The film was never recovered. Plot. According to Kyle Crichton's 1951 biography of the brothers, Harpo played the hero, a character named Watson who "made his entrance in a high hat, sliding down a coal chute into the basement", against Groucho as the villain who in the finale is shown "in ball and chain, trudging slowly off into the gloaming". In his book "Monkey Business", Simon Louvish describes Harpo's character as being a detective.
Vadim Shikarev (15 November 1968 – February 2001) was a Kazakhstani archer. Shikarev competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Kušim (?) (lived 31st century BC) was a Sumerian writer, barley producer, beer manufacturer, storage owner, and accountant. Kušim is best known for having one of the earliest known recorded (supposed) names of a writer, as well as being one of the earliest known writers in history. Even though we know for certain that Kušim existed and lived in Sumer 31st century BC and that this person worked as a barley producer, storage owner, and accountant, it is rather disputed if Kušim is actually this person's name or not. Some scholars suggested that Kušim could be supposedly the title of a ocupation which used to exist (or it has a different name in the modern-day world), the supposed name of a institution, and/or more suggestions. Biography. Kušim lived and worked 31st century BC in Sumer as a barley producer, beer manufacturer, storage owner, and accountant. He also worked as a writer.  It is rather disputed if Kušim is actually this person's name or not. Some scholars suggested that Kušim could be the supposed title of a occupation which used to exist (or it has a different name in the modern-day world), the supposed name of an institution, and/or more suggestions. Kušim is only known from several clay tablets dating to around his time. He is best known for having one of the earliest known (supposed) recorded names of a writer and also for being one of the earliest known writers in history.
The WAGR S class were a total of 10 large steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1943 to 1972. The S class were notable for being the only full design by Midland Railway Workshops, having been originally proposed in the 1930s by Draftsman Frederick Mills, who went on to become the Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the WAGR until his death in 1949. An initial 3 were constructed in 1943, with another 2 following in 1945, and the last 5 in 1947. The S class were named after mountains in Western Australia and were originally intended for mixed traffic work, upon their entry into service they worked on the Eastern Railway and Eastern Goldfields Railway on passenger and freight services. However, they were soon moved onto heavy goods traffic on the Great Southern Railway and South Western mainline, where they performed admirably. Withdrawals were carried out in 1971-72, with three left in preservation. No. 542 (477) "Bakewell" is currently displayed at East Perth terminal, No. 547 "Lindsay" is stored awaiting restoration in Queenscliff, Victoria, and No. 549 "Greenmount" is operational at the Bassendean Railway Museum where it is also displayed.
Sirpa is a Finnish female (first-name or) given name. A few men are named Sirpa in Finland. Most of the people named Sirpa were born between 1940 and 1980. Sirpa's name day is September 15. The name is known from as early as [the childhood of] actress Sirpa Tolonen. She was baptized Siiri Sylvia, but her nickname became "Sirpa". Tolonen worked for a radio program, and her [strange or] peculiar name quickly spread throughout the country.
The WAGR U class were a total of 14 steam locomotives originally owned by the British War Department and later operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1946 to 1970. The U class were constructed in 1942 by the North British Locomotive Coy under an order from the British War Department for use on railways throughout North Africa during the Second World War, they were almost identical to the Sudan Government Railways 220 class 4-6-2 engines and were found to be unsuitable on most railways who required larger engines. Most served in Sudan with several more stored in a dismantled state at a military railway in Derby, England. Upon the conclusion of World War II, the British War Department placed the stored locos up for sale, the WAGR jumped at the chance to resolve desperate locomotive shortages. When they arrived they remained as oil burners due to protests on the Collie coalfields, they were placed on express passenger service on the South Western mainline to Bunbury where they performed so well that they were assigned to a newly named train the "Australind" which at the time was the fastest narrow gauge express in Australia. However as diesels began to be introduced they were mostly stored at Midland Junction pending withdrawal, however, with more protests on the coalfields, some of the U class were reactivated hauling heavy goods until 1969 when most were withdrawn once more. No. 655 survived until 1970 hauling goods trains from Midland to Bassendean, and is now on display at the Bassendean Railway Museum. The Ut class rebuild No. 664 is also displayed at Bassendean.
The WAGR Ut class was a single side tank steam locomotive operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1957 to 1970. The Ut class was the result of converting standard U class No. 664 from a tender engine into a side tank engine for suburban service. Despite being converted to coal before becoming a tank engine in 1954, however, when being rebuilt it returned to oil burning, which was stored in the bunker. No. 664 was withdrawn in 1970 being one of the last tank engines in service, it is now displayed at the Bassendean Railway Museum.
The WAGR Asg class were a total of 25 ASG steam locomotives operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) from 1944 to 1957. The Asg class were purposefully built for war service in Western Australia during the Second World War, they were part of the government scheme to build Australian Standard Garratts (ASG) for narrow gauge systems that required more motive power. They were not a great success and only provided temporary albeit much-needed relief before the class's own issues became too much. By 1958 all had been withdrawn, scrapped or sold. One that was built for Western Australia but never delivered is preserved and on display in Victoria.
The Australian Standard Garratt (ASG) was a total of 57 steam locomotives built from 1943 to 1945. After the federal government founded the Commonwealth Land Transport Board (CLTB) in 1939 a recommendation was made to build several types of Garratt for Australian railway networks. The CLTB only authorised the construction of the light type from several Australian builders for service in Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland. Though they did provide temporary relief to said systems they were found to have several flaws and most were withdrawn in the 1950s. One ASG No. G33 (which never actually served on a government system) is preserved and on display at Newport Railway Museum after working industrial trains.
A magnitude 5.7 earthquake hit Jajarkot District, Karnali Province, Nepal at 11:47 PM local time (18:02 GMT) on 3 November 2023. The earthquakes caused at least 153 deaths and injured at least 375 people. The earthquake was felt in western Nepal and northern India. It wasn't very strong, and relatively few people died. As it occured in an area that is remote and difficult to access, the death toll may still rise. It wasn't very strong, but it caused a lot of damage. This was because the building standards in the region are low. The earthquake also occurred at night. Tectonic setting. Nepal is located in the Himalayas, a place where earthquakes happen because the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates are colliding. These plates are moving towards each other at a rate of 1.6 to 2.0 inches per year. The Indian Plate is sliding beneath the Eurasian Plate's landmass, causing faults to form along the collision area. The Main Frontal Thrust is the main fault that handles this movement. Throughout history, earthquakes along these faults have been very destructive. Earthquakes are quite common in Nepal. In 1934, there was a very big earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 that hit Sagarmatha, and it caused 10,700 deaths in Nepal and India. In 1988, there was a magnitude 6.9 earthquake in eastern Nepal that killed over 700 people. In 2015, a big earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 hit central Nepal and caused the deaths of over 9,000 people, including many in the capital city, Kathmandu. Earthquake. The United States Geological Survey said the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.7 and a depth of 17.9 kilometers. The type of fault responsible for the earthquake was identified as a reverse fault along a plane that stretches from northwest to southeast, with the angle of dip being either northeast or southwest. A magnitude 4.0 aftershock was recorded hours later. The epicenter was estimated to be in Ramidanda, located in the Jajarkot District.
Băicoi is a town in Prahova County, Romania. About 16,500 people live there.
Lucie Zhang, born on October 27, 2000 in Paris, is a French actress. Biography. Lucie Zhang was born in the 13th district of Paris. She studied drama at the Francis Poulenc municipal conservatory from 2019 to 2020 and also took part in various short films during that time. While she was a student majoring in economics and management at the University of Paris-Dauphine, she got recruited for the feature film "Paris, 13th District" directed by Jacques Audiard. She starred alongside Makita Samba, Jehnny Beth, and Noémie Merlant. In the film, she played the role of Émilie, a young woman of Chinese descent who works as a call center agent, despite having a degree from Sciences Po Paris. She lives in her grandmother's apartment, who resides in a nursing home in the Olympiades neighborhood. The film was in the official competition at the Cannes Film Festival in 2021.
Râmnicu Vâlcea is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania. As of 2021, 93,151 people live in Râmnicu Vâlcea.
Sfântu Gheorghe (; ; lit.: "Saint George") is a city in Transylvania, Romania. It is the capital city of Covasna County. It is on the Olt River in a valley between the Baraolt and the Bodoc Mountains. In 2021, 50,080 people live in Sfântu Gheorghe.
The Rio spinythumb frog ("Crossodactylus dispar") is a frog. It lives in the Serro do Mar mountain range. It lives in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and in parts of Argentina.
Obi Nduka Ezeagwuna II (29 January 1992), is Nigerian royalty. He was crowned the Obi of Issele-Uku on 29 December 2016. He is the 20th Obi after his father who died 2014. Career and education. He is currently the Obi of Issele-Uku from 2016 to Present. He also serves as Nigerian engineer. Nduka Ezeagwuna II, as he was known before becoming Obi of Issele-Uku, attended his primary and secondary school education at Greater Tomorrow in Benin City (Nigeria). He got his A-Level Certificate from University of Ibadan. He graduated as a chemical engineer from the University of Ibadan. Note on representation. Obi Nduka Ezeagwuna, the traditional ruler of Issele-Uku kingdom in Aniocha North Local Government Area of Delta, has advised lawmakers to positively impact on the lives of their constituents. The traditional ruler gave the advice in his palace at Issele-Uku on Thursday when the member representing Aniocha North constituency in the state House of Assembly, Mr Emeka Nwaobi, led some principal officers of the House on a thank-you visit to him. He also urged them to justify the mandate given to them by their people by ensuring that the dividends of democracy got to them. ”As lawmakers, do all that you can to ensure that the people in your constituencies benefit from your quality and effective representation,” he said. Ezeagwuna said they should also use their positions as lawmakers to enact laws that would better the lives of the people, especially their constituents. The royal father, who was glad to receive Nwaobi as the Majority Leader of the Eighth Assembly, said that the lawmaker’s emergence as majority leader was an act of God. ”Today is a historic day for us as a people and as a kingdom, and I must commend members of the state assembly for making out time for this visit. ”Whatever that transpired in the life of Emeka Nwaobi is the will of God and not my will. ”I must say
Riobamba Canton is one of ten cantons of the Chimborazo Province in Ecuador. Its population at the 2010 census was 225,741. Its capital is the town of Riobamba. Subdivision. The canton is divided into 16 parishes, five urban parishes, Lizarzaburu, Maldonado, Velasco, Veloz and Yaruquíes, and eleven rural parishes: Cacha, Calpi, Cubijíes, Flores, Licán, Licto, Pungalá, Punín, Químiag, San Juan and San Luís.
Queen Maud Land (Norwegian: "Dronning Maud Land") is a region of Antarctica claimed by Norway as a dependent territory. Its size is about 2.7-million-square-kilometre (1.0-million-square-mile). It borders the claimed British Antarctic Territory 20° west and the Australian Antarctic Territory 45° east. In addition, a small unclaimed area from 1939 was annexed in June 2015. Positioned in East Antarctica, it makes out about one-fifth of the continent, and is named after the Norwegian queen Maud of Wales (1869–1938). In 1930, the Norwegian Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen was the first person known to have set foot in the territory. On 14 January 1939, the territory was claimed by Norway. On 23 June 1961, Queen Maud Land became part of the Antarctic Treaty System, making it a demilitarised zone. It is one of two Antarctic claims made by Norway, the other being Peter I Island. They are administered by the Polar Affairs Department of the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security in Oslo. Most of the territory is covered by the east Antarctic ice sheet, and a tall ice wall stretches throughout its coast. In some areas farther within the ice sheet, mountain ranges breach through the ice, allowing for birds to breed and the growth of a limited flora. The region is divided into, from west to east, the Princess Martha Coast, Princess Astrid Coast, Princess Ragnhild Coast, Prince Harald Coast and Prince Olav Coast:
Giovanni Giuseppe Goria (30 July 1943 – 21 May 1994) was an Italian politician. He was the 46th Prime Minister of Italy from 1987 to 1988. Goria died suddenly from lung cancer in his hometown Asti, aged 50.
Fernando Tambroni Armaroli (25 November 1901 – 18 February 1963) was an Italian politician. He was the 36th Prime Minister of Italy from March to July 1960. He was a member of the Christian Democracy.
Pitești is a city in Muntenia, Romania. It is the capital and largest city of Argeș County. It is on the river Argeș. In 2021, 141,275 people lived there. Pitești is an important commercial and industrial center and has two universities.
Slobozia is the capital city of Ialomița County, Romania. In 2021, 41,550 people live in Slobozia.
This is a list of some fentanyl analogues (Fentalogs).  The list has [famous] chemical compounds from (drug companies or) pharmaceutical companies for legitimate medical use. The list also has compounds that have been sold as designer drugs and reported to drug control agencies such as the DEA, or EMCDDA and UNODC.
Drobeta-Turnu Severin is the capital city of Mehedinți County, Romania. It is on the northern bank of the river Danube. In 2021, 79,865 people live in Drobeta-Turnu Severin.
Graaff-Reinet is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is the oldest town in the province. It is also the sixth-oldest town in South Africa, after Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Simon's Town, Paarl and Swellendam. The town was the centre of a short-lived republic in the late 18th century.[5] The town was a starting point for Great Trek groups led by Gerrit Maritz and Piet Retief and furnished large numbers of the Voortrekkers in 1835–1842. Graaff-Reinet is home to more national monuments than any other town or city in South Africa. It is also known for being a flourishing market for agricultural produce, noted for its mohair industry, and sheep and ostrich farming.
Ianca is a town in Brăila County, Romania. In 2021, 8,969 people live in Ianca.
Dame Gruev, (, , spelled in older Bulgarian orthography as "Дамянъ Йовановъ Груевъ" January 19, 1871 – December 23, 1906) was а Bulgarian revolutionary and insurgent leader in the Ottoman regions of Macedonia and Thrace. He was one of the six founders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. He is considered a national hero in Bulgaria and North Macedonia. He is also featured in the Macedonian national anthem "Denes nad Makedonija". Biography. Early years. Dame Gruev was born in 1871 in the village of Smilevo, Monastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia). He received his elementary education in Smilevo and continued his education in the Men's High School of Thessaloniki, he would also study in Resen, Bitola, Thessaloniki and Belgrade. He was part of a group excluded from the school following a student revolt where they revolted aganist the Bulgarian propaganda and wanted school education in the back then banned Macedonian language. Gruev later continued his education in the Grandes écoles in Belgrade. Following yet another revolt, Gruev and his associates were excluded from the Great School and emigrated to Bulgaria. Gruev was enrolled in Sofia University and, later, in the Young Macedonian Literary Society. He found also the circle "Družba", whose aim was to implement "Article 23" of the Treaty of Berlin (1878) on the autonomy of Macedonia. In 1891 Gruev was expelled from the university as he was suspected in the assassination of the Minister Hristo Belchev, but subsequently, this allegation turned out to be groundless. Next, Gruev left the university and returned to Ottoman Macedonia region, around 1891 till 1893 he worked as a teacher around the country looking for a job, first working as a teacher in his home town and then moving on to work as a teacher in Prilep. Eventually in late 1893 he decided to move to Thessaloniki with help from Hristo Tatar