ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Carlo Airoldi (21 September 1869 – 18 June 1929) was an Italian marathon runner, famous for walking to the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Early life. Airoldi was born in Origgio, near Saronno. He competed in sporting contests in the Varese. Later, he competed at the national and international level. In 1892, he won the Lecco-Milano and the Milano-Torino. He became famous very quickly. He was one of the best marathon runners of his time. In September 1895, he won the Milano-Barcellona marathon. He won 2000 pesetas for his victory. The Olympics. Airoldi wanted to participate in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. But, he did not have many to get to Athens. He received some money from "La Bicicleta", a popular magazine of the time. Airoldi decided to run his way to Athens. He would need to cover seventy kilometres a day to arrive on time. The magazine covered the stages of his journey. They also provided him with food and water. Airoldi first went from Milan to Split, with no problems. In the next stage, Airoldi planned to run along the Croatian coast through Kotor and Corfu. However, he fell and hurt his hand during the journey. He had to spend two days resting himself. He was told not to cross Albania on foot. He decided to take an Austrian boat to Patras. Then, he would go to Athens on foot.  Airoldi finished his 28-day journey to Athens. However, he was not allowed to compete in the marathon. The head of the Olympic committee said that he was a professional athlete, and could not compete. Officials in Italy sent telegrams to the official, but Airoldi was still not allowed to compete. Italians felt that Airoldi was not allowed to compete because Greeks wanted to win the marathon. Airoldi did not accept the final decision. He then challenged the marathon-winner Spiridon Louis to a race. However, Louis never accepted Airoldi's offer. His later years. Back in Italy, Airoldi tried to beat Spiridon Louis's record. He did not succeed. He continued to race in Lombardy and Switzerland. After he finished racing, he moved to South America.
Joseph Priestley (13 March 1733 – 8 February 1804) was an English chemist, philosopher, clergyman, and teacher. He is known as the discoverer of oxygen. He was a Unitarian. On 1 August 1774, Priestly identified oxygen in his laboratory at Bowood House in Wiltshire, England. The Priestley Riots. The Priestley Riots (or the Birmingham Riots of 1791) took place from 14 July to 17 July 1791 in Birmingham, England.  The rioters' main targets were religious dissenters, led by Priestley. Both local and national issues stirred the rioters. But at the heart was the Dissenters' attempts to gain full civil rights, and their support of the French Revolution (though not its methods). The riots started with an attack on the Royal Hotel, Birmingham. There a banquet was organised in sympathy with the French Revolution. Then, beginning with Priestley's church and home, the rioters attacked or burned four Dissenting chapels, twenty-seven houses, and several businesses. Many of them were drunk. They had found liquor while looting, or with which they were bribed. A small core could not be bribed, however, and stayed sober. The rioters burned not only the homes and chapels of the Dissenters, but also the homes of people they associated with Dissenters, such as members of the scientific Lunar Society.
Vincent Kennedy McMahon, better known as Vince McMahon or Mr. McMahon (born August 24, 1945) is an American businessman, wrestling promoter, professional wrestler, and movie producer. He is the co-founder of modern WWE. McMahon had been a one-time ECW World Champion, one-time WWE Champion, and was the winner of the Royal Rumble in 1999. Forbes estimates his net worth to be around $2.5 billion. Career. McMahon started his wrestling career in 1971 as an announcer. He worked for the "World Wide Wrestling Federation" (WWWF) which later changed its name to "World Wrestling Federation" (WWF). The name was changed again to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). The company was originally owned by his father, Vincent J. McMahon. McMahon bought the company from his father in 1984. McMahon took the business from a local promotion in the north eastern part of the United States and made it a global company. McMahon played the role of an evil boss for many years. In June 2022, McMahon stepped down as the chairman and CEO of WWE. This came after multiple reports of McMahon paying alleged hush-money agreements for many alleged affairs. He would return to the company as executive chairman in January 2023. On January 26, 2024, McMahon would again step down from WWE and TKO after reports from the "The Wall Street Journal" about a lawsuit. It would allege that McMahon participated in sex trafficking and commited sexual assaults on a former employee. Personal life. McMahon married his wife, Linda McMahon, on August 26, 1966 in New Bern, North Carolina. They separated sometime before 2022 but have not gotten divorced. They have two children: Shane and Stephanie. In 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump nominated McMahon's wife Linda as Administrator of the Small Business Administration. Federal sexual assault and trafficking investigation. On February 2, 2024, The Wall Street Journal reported that federal authorities in New York had launched an investigation into sexual assault and sex trafficking allegations made against McMahon. Federal agents had previously executed a search warrant for McMahon's phone and delivered a subpoena to him for documents related to any allegation of "rape, sex trafficking, sexual assault, commercial sex transaction, harassment or discrimination" against current or former WWE employees.
The 1986 Atlantic hurricane season officially started on June 1, 1983, and ended on November 30. The season had a total of 6 named storms and 4 hurricanes. Storms. Tropical Storm Andrew. Tropical Depression One formed on June 5 north of the Bahamas. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Andrew the next day. Andrew traveled along the East Coast of the United States, creating giant waves and high surf along the shore but with minor damages. Andrew dissipated south of Cape Cod. One person drowned off the North Carolina coast in high surf, but no major damages was reported. Hurricane Bonnie. Tropical Depression Two formed south of the Louisiana coast on June 23 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane. Bonnie made landfall on the upper Texas coast near High Island. Streets were flooded throughout southeast Texas, mobile homes were destroyed, and three people were killed. Bonnie caused $2 million (1986 USD) in damage. Hurricane Charley. A tropical depression formed off the coast of the Florida and moved inland. The depression then travelled across Florida and exited the coast near Savannah, Georgia, and strengthened into Tropical Storm Charley. Charley continued moving up the coastline, and the storm strengthened into a hurricane before moving across the Outer Banks and Delmarva Peninsula. Charley then moved out into the sea, later became extratropical in the north Atlantic Ocean, and later brought bad weather across the British Isles on August 25 where it caused major damages. Tropical Storm Danielle. On September 1, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa and moved west. The disturbance was below the 10 degree latitude as it developed into a tropical depression on September 7 and then strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. Danielle peaked as a 60 mph storm on September 8, while a Reconnaissance Aircraft reported gusts of up to hurricane force. After passing through the Lesser Antilles, Danielle came across vertical wind shear, and on September 10, it dissipated in the central Caribbean Sea. The remnants of Danielle continued to move west and eventually redeveloped in the Pacific Ocean as Tropical Storm Lester. Hurricane Earl. The strongest storm of the season began as a tropical wave off Africa on September
Abidjan is the largest city and former capital of Ivory Coast. It is the commercial and banking center of Ivory Coast as well as the de facto capital. Yamoussoukro is the official capital. The city is in Ébrié Lagoon. It is built on many peninsulas and islands which are connected by bridges. There are an estimated 4 to 5 million people living in the metropolitan area. History. The city grew after the construction of a new wharf in 1931. It was made the capital of the French colony in 1933. In 1983, Yamoussoukro was made the capital of the country, but most government offices and foreign embassies are still in Abidjan.
Accra is the capital city of Ghana. It has a population of about 1,970,400 (2005). The city is Ghana's largest city. It is also the administrative, communications, and economic center of the country. The main economic activities in Accra are financial and government services, communications, construction, transportation and agriculture (mostly fishing). Most of Ghana's ability to make things is in the capital area. History of Accra. Accra was founded by the Ga people in the late 1600s. The word Accra comes from the word "Nkran" meaning ants. This is because of the many anthills seen in the countryside around Accra. During part of its history, Accra was a very important place for trade with the Portuguese. The Portuguese built a fort in the town. Many other countries also built forts at Accra during the 17th century. These countries included Sweden, the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom and Denmark. The location that is Accra today grew into a large town around the original Ga town. As the city grew, the British, Danish and Dutch forts and the small communities that formed around the forts were made added to the city. In 1877, at the end of the second Anglo-Asante War, Accra replaced Cape Coast as the capital of the British Gold Coast colony. After a railroad was built between Accra and the inland locations of mines and farms, Accra became the economic center of Ghana. Large areas of the city were destroyed by earthquakes in 1862 and 1939, but the city rebuilt around a seaport and later a brewery. Each time it rebuilt, the city was made larger. The Accra Riots in 1948 started people in Ghana fighting for independence. This led to the Ghana's independence from the United Kingdom and it becoming a country in 1957. Today, Accra is one of the richest and most modern cities in the African continent. It has a high quality of living by African standards.
César Franck (born Liège, 10 December, 1822; died Paris, November 8, 1890), was a composer, organist and music teacher of Belgian and German origin who lived in France. He was one of the great musicians of his time. He was organist at the church of Sainte Clotilde in Paris for more than 30 years, and he taught many talented young musicians. Most of the music for which he is famous was composed when he was already quite old. Life. César Franck was born in Liège, a town which is now in Belgium. His father came from near the German-Belgian border and his mother was German. Because his father wanted him to be a concert pianist, he was sent to study at the conservatoire in Liege before going to the Paris Conservatoire in 1837. In 1842 his father made him come back to Liège so that he could practise for his career as a virtuoso pianist. He went back to Paris in 1844 and stayed there for the rest of his life. He told his father he did not want to be a concert pianist. This made his father very angry. During his first years in Paris, Franck made his living by teaching and playing the organ. In 1848 he married. His parents came to the wedding although they were still angry with him for not wanting to be a pianist. In 1858 he became organist at a new church called Saint Clotilde Basilica. He stayed there for the rest of his life. He decided to improve his organ playing, in particular in the use of pedals and in improvisation. At that time changes were being made in France to the pipe organ. Aristide Cavaillé-Coll was a very famous organ builder. He built an organ for Saint Clotilde Basilica and Franck gave the first recital on the new instrument in December 1859. Franck became famous for the way he improvised on the organ after the services. However, for many years he did not compose much. Franck was becoming known as a teacher of organ and composition.
Addis Ababa (also spelled Addis Abeba) is the capital city of Ethiopia. It is also the political capital of the African Union. History. Addis Ababa is both a city and a state. The city has people living in it from as many as 40 different countries speaking 80 different languages. There are many different communities in the city including Christian, Muslim, and Jewish communities. Addis Ababa is about 2,500 m above sea level. It has about five million people. The site was chosen by Empress Taytu Betul. The city was founded in 1886 by her husband, Emperor Menelik II. The city is at the foot of Mount Entoto. In 1935 the city (renamed Addis Abeba) was conquered by the Italians and was made the capital of their empire in eastern Africa until 1941. Italians made huge improvements and modern projects to the city. The city has grown since World War II and is now a huge metropolis that has nearly 9.98 million people living there as of 2019. Addis Ababa University is in the city. Addis Ababa University was formerly known as Haile Selassie I University. It was named after the former Emperor of Ethiopia, who gave his palace to be used the main campus of the university in 1961.
In computing, a home directory is a special directory (or location in the File system, Apple calls directories "folders"). Very often, there is one such home directory per user. Some users, which were created by the system and usually do not log in, do not have such a home directory. A home directory is used to store personal files of the respective user, including written documents and settings for programs. Different Implementations. Unix and Linux. On Unix and Linux-like operating systems, the directory is usually called like the username. It is usually in the "/home" hierarchy. A user "fred" would therefore his home directory in "/home/fred". It can be written as "~". Microsoft Windows. Since Windows 95 there is a directory called "My Documents". It was introduced together with "My Computer". It helps the users locate their files. Since Windows 2000 it is in the user's profile directory "Documents and Settings\username". So a user "fred" will find his files in "Documents and Settings\fred\My Documents". In Windows Vista the directory has lost the "My", and is simply called "Documents". Other directories, which are similar, may exist. They are called "My Music", "My pictures" and "My videos". Since Windows 7 files of a user can be found at "\Users\(username)\". Mac OS X. In Mac OS X, the home directory is in "/Users".
Nowruz (, meaning "[The] New Day", ; ) is the Iranian term for the New Year celebrated by the Iranian peoples. It is one of the most ancient celebrations which has survived throughout history and is considered to be a day in which new good things start. It is rooted in the ancient Iranian religion of Zoroastrianism. Nowruz is the day of the spring equinox, when the amount of light and dark is the same during the day. It is the beginning of the year in the Persian calendar. It is usually celebrated on March 21.On September 30, 2009, UNESCO registered Nowruz as an intangible cultural heritage under the official name "International Nowruz Day". The UN General Assembly then listed Nowruz, which has roots in Iran, on its calendar. A document approved by the United Nations General Assembly on February 23, 2010 explains that Nowruz on March 21 originated in Iran more than 3,000 years ago and is celebrated by more than 300 million people today. There is. UN member states celebrated Knowles in 1391 (2012) for the first time in Iran-sponsored UN and UNESCO public places, and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also sent a message to the celebration . background. Nowruz has been celebrated by people from different ethnic communities and religious backgrounds for thousands of years. It started in Persia in one of the capitals of the Achaemenid Empire in Persis (Fars). It has been registered by UNESCO as The "International Day of Nowruz" a cultural and spiritual heritage of mankind on October 29, 2009. UN General Assembly also registered Nowruz as an Iranian heritage in its calendar. UN General Assembly described it as a festival celebrated for more than 3,000 years. Nowadays more than 300 million people celebrate it all over the world .UN document explained on March 23rd 2010. Iran hosted celebrating Nowruz in the United Nations and UNESCO for the first time in 2012. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also issued a message on the occasion. According to the book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name, Nowruz was originated in ancient Persia. This
The Earth's mantle has two layers. There is a rigid upper layer and a softer layer. It is between the Earth's crust and the Earth's outer core. The upper mantle. Past episodes of melting and volcanism at the outer levels of the mantle have produced a very thin crust of crystallized melt products near the surface, where we live. The gases evolved during the melting of Earth's mantle have a large effect on the composition and size of Earth's atmosphere.  Uppermost mantle. The top of the mantle is the Moho at the base of the crust. The base of the crust varies from about 10 to 70 kilometers deep. Oceanic crust is generally less than 10 kilometers thick. "Standard" continental crust is around 35 kilometers thick, and the large crustal root under the Tibetan Plateau is about 70 kilometers thick. A thin crust, the lower part of the lithosphere, surrounds the mantle and is about 5 to 75 km thick. There are two main zones in the upper mantle. The uppermost mantle plus overlying crust are relatively rigid and form the lithosphere, an irregular layer with a maximum thickness of perhaps 200 km, of which the uppermost mantle is 120 to 50 km thick. Asthenosphere. Below the lithosphere the upper mantle becomes notably more plastic. It is called the asthenosphere, and is composed of flowing rock in the state of plasticity, about 200 km thick. Lower mantle. The lower mantle is much thicker than the upper mantle. It is made of magma, under great pressure, and so is thicker (higher viscosity) and flows less easily. The lower mantles temperature has a max of about 4,000 °C (7,000 °F).  The chemical composition of the mantle is heavily biased towards three elements: oxygen 44.8% by weight; magnesium 22.8%; silicon 21.5%. Compounds are oxides: silica SiO2 46%; magnesium oxide MgO 37.8%. Place with no crust. In 2007 a team of scientists on board the RRS James Cook went to an area of the Atlantic seafloor
Robert Burns (25 January 1759 1796) was a famous poet born in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland. Some of his most famous poems include "To A Mouse", "Auld Lang Syne", and "Tam o Shanter". Burns is seen as the national poet of Scotland. Much of his work is written in broad Scots, a sister language to English. His poem and song "A Man's A Man For A' That" was sung at the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. "To A Louse, On Seeing One on a Lady's Bonnet at Church" is a 1786 Scots poem by Robert Burns. Burns died at 37, and is buried in the graveyard of St Michael's Church, Dumfries, Scotland.
VRS or Video Relay Service is a service by which deaf people can use sign language on phone calls. In some countries it has largely replaced the use of TTY for this purpose. VRS uses a video camera and a high-speed Internet connection, to let people call friends, family, and business associates. A deaf or hard of hearing person can use a remote control and call an interpreter. When interpreter comes on their screen, the caller can call any hearing person and have a phone conversation through the interpreter. VRS was invented in the 1990s in Sweden. In the early 21st century it became available in the United States. A person in the United States, can make calls to, or receive calls from, anybody in the world via VRS.
The Florida Panthers are an ice hockey team that plays in the NHL. They play in Sunrise, Florida at FLA Live Arena. They were named for the Florida panther, a type of cougar that is considered an endangered species. The Panthers have made it to the Stanley Cup Finals three times in 1996, 2023, and 2024. They lost to the Colorado Avalanche in four games (1996) and the Vegas Golden Knights in five games (2023). They would defeat the Edmonton Oilers in seven games (2024).
The Carolina Hurricanes are an ice hockey team that plays in the NHL. The team's home arena is Lenovo Center, in Raleigh, North Carolina. They won the Stanley Cup during the 2005-2006 season by beating the Edmonton Oilers. Formerly known as the Hartford Whalers, the franchise would move from Hartford in 1997 to Greensboro, North Carolina before landing in their current home in beautiful Raleigh, North Carolina in 1999. They play in the Metropolitan Division of the NHL. The name "Hurricanes" was chosen because the eastern part of North Carolina is often hit by hurricanes during tropical storm season.
Dakar is the capital city of Senegal. It is on the country's Atlantic coast on the western edge of Africa. The city is a trade seaport for items leaving Africa. Dakar has a population of 1,030,594 people. The metropolitan area has about 2.45 million people living in it. The National Assembly of Senegal and Senegal Presidential Palace are in Dakar. History. The area that is now Dakar was first settled around the 15th century. In 1444, Portuguese created a colony there. By 1536, the colony was being used to as part of the slave trade. Between 1588 and 1677, the area was fought over by many countries. During this time it was under the control of the Portuguese, Dutch, English, and finally the French. In 1857, the French built a military base here. This base was called Dakar. It was made the capital of French West Africa in 1902. Dakar was one of the major cities of the French Empire during this time. It was very important in terms of trade, military, and communications to the empire until World War II. The city was the capital of the Mali Federation from 1959 to 1960. It then became the capital of Senegal.
IRCAM stands for "Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique" ("Institute for Research and Coordination of Acoustic Music"). It is an institute in Paris for composing electronic music. IRCAM is housed underneath the Pompidou Centre which is a very large building devoted to the arts, and named after the former French president Georges Pompidou.  In 1970 Georges Pompidou asked the composer Pierre Boulez to start an institution for music research. Boulez was in put in charge of the institute. It was opened in 1977. Composers were able to work there, composing music, without having to finish pieces by any particular date. They were given plenty of time to experiment. Many modern composers such as Harrison Birtwistle, Jonathan Harvey and George Benjamin have worked there or were influenced by the music that was being composed there. Today musicians working in IRCAM continue to provide many interesting new ideas in electronic music.
Yaoundé is the capital city of the Republic of Cameroon. It is the second largest city in the country after Douala. History. Yaoundé was founded in 1888 by German traders. It was created to be used as a base for the ivory trade and an agricultural research station. The city was under the control of Belgian troops during World War I. After the war, it became the capital of French Cameroons. It has remained the capital of the Republic of Cameroon until the present day.