ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Sun Zhengcai (; born September 25 1963) was a Chinese politician and senior regional official before his fall from power in 2017.  Sun joined Communist Party of China (CPC) in July 1988. He was a member of the CPC Central Committee since 2007. Since November 2012, Sun has been the Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, an interior municipality, and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. Before that, he served as the Party Secretary of Jilin province, and Minister of Agriculture of China.  Sun is the youngest member of the 18th Politburo, and one of only two members born after 1960, the other being Hu Chunhua. As such, Sun and Hu were considered to be a leading candidate for a top leadership position in the "6th Generation of Chinese leadership". However, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, changed the game by abandoning the successors designated by his predecessors. In July 14, 2017, Sun was removed from the post of Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, and investigated for wrong-doings. On July 24, the Chinese official news agency reported that Sun violated CPC's disciplines. On September 29, Sun was stripped of his CPC membership, fired from his government position, and charged for crime. On May 8, 2018, Sun was sentenced for life in prison.
The undue burden standard is a constitutional test created by the Supreme Court of the United States. The test, first developed in the late 19th century, is widely used in American constitutional law. In short, the Undue Burden standard says the legislature cannot make a particular law that is too burdensome or restrictive of one's fundamental rights. One use of the standard was in "Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia," 328 U.S. 373 (1946). In a 7-to-1 ruling, Associate Justice Stanley Forman Reed fashioned an "undue burden" test to decide the constitutionality of a Virginia law requiring separate but equal racial segregation in public transportation. "There is a recognized abstract principle, however, that may be taken as a postulate for testing whether particular state legislation in the absence of action by Congress is beyond state power. This is that the state legislation is invalid if it unduly burdens that commerce in matters where uniformity is necessary—necessary in the constitutional sense of useful in accomplishing a permitted purpose." More recently, the standard has been used in cases involving state restrictions on a woman's access to abortion. The standard was applied by Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in her dissent in "City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health," 462 US 416 (1983). O'Connor used the test as an alternative to the strict scrutiny test applied in "Roe v. Wade," 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
--&gt; The February 2016 Ankara bombing was a car bombing in Ankara, Turkey, in the afternoon of 17 February 2016. It set several vehicles alight. An operation was launched against the suspected attackers.
April Winchell Foley (born January 4, 1960) is an American voice actress, writer, talk radio host, commentator and comedian. She is best known for voicing Clarabelle Cow in "Mickey Mouse ClubHouse" and various other Disney projects. She is the daughter of comedian and ventriloquist, Paul Winchell. She was married Mick Kuisel until they divorced. She has been married to John Foley since 2013.
Bursitis is a painful condition. Small sacs called bursae get inflamed. Bursae are pockets between your muscles and your bones. Your bursa help you move without pain. In bursitis, the inflammation is often caused by extra fluid in the bursae. The most common places to have bursitis are in your hip and shoulder. You can also have bursitis in your elbow, knee and toe. Symptoms. One of the most common symptoms of bursitis is pain. It can also cause stiffness and swelling. Pain happens when you move your joints. Causes. The most common cause of bursitis is moving your joints too much. Swelling can happen when the joint locks. Treatment. There are a few ways to treat bursitis. The best way to treat bursitis is to rest the joint and to lift it up. You can also put a medicine called cortisone into the hurt bursa. You should put it on ice for twenty minutes three to four times a day.
Mohamed Hassanein Heikal (23 September 1923 – 17 February 2016) was an Egyptian journalist. For 17 years (1957–1974), he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper "Al-Ahram". He was a commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. Heikal died in Cairo, Egypt from renal failure on 17 February 2016. He was aged 92.
Akbar Kakkattil (7 July 1954 – 17 February 2016) was an Indian short-story writer and novelist. He was born in Kerala state. His works are known for their unique narrative style which has been seen as full of humour. His work, "Sarga Sameeksha", about a young writer with the iconic writers of the old generation is perhaps the first of its kind in an Indian language. Kakkattil died in a hospital in Kerala from lung cancer on 17 February 2016. He was aged 62.
Andrzej Żuławski (; 22 November 1940 – 17 February 2016) was a Polish movie director and writer. He was born in Lwów, Poland (now Ukraine).  In the late 1950s, he studied filmmaking in France. His second movie "The Devil" (1972) was banned in Poland, and Żuławski went to France. After the success of "" in 1975, he returned to Poland where he spent two years making "On the Silver Globe" (1988). After that, Żuławski moved to France where he became known for controversial and violent art-house movies. Żuławski is also known for his work with actresses including Romy Schneider, Isabelle Adjani and Sophie Marceau. Żuławski died of pancreatic cancer in Warsaw on 17 February 2016. He was aged 75.
Maria Antoinette "Mies" Bouwman (31 December 1929 – 26 February 2018) was a retired Dutch television presenter. She was born in Amsterdam. She started her career on the very first broadcasting evening of the Dutch broadcasting association KRO (Catholic Radio Broadcaster) on 16 October 1951. Bouwman developed and hosted "Eén van de acht". It was known in the UK as "The Generation Game". She hosted many talk shows, as well as the Dutch version of "This Is Your Life". She stopped her regular work after falling sick but has occasionally returned for special programs. Bouwman died on 26 February 2018 in Elst, Netherlands of cardiomyopathy at the age of 88.
Yacouba Sawadogo (4 April 1946 — 4 December 2023) was a farmer from Burkina Faso, a country in West Africa. He used a traditional farming technique called Zaï to help soil damaged by drought. He is notable for spreading an improved soil and water conservation practice in Burkina Faso. Early life. He went to a religious school where the students often didn't have enough to eat. Since he was the smallest and youngest, he was the one who ate the least food. Background. The northern parts of Burkina Faso are very dry and often have droughts. The most recent big drought in happened in the 1970s, resulting in a famine which killed a lot of people. The drought caused a lot of desertification. There were also other problems like overgrazing, bad land management, and overpopulation. These problems meant that a lot of land could not be used to grow food. Together with Mathieu Ouédraogo, another local farmer, Yacouba Sawadogo tried different ways of fixing bad soil in about 1980. He uses simple traditional things: cordons pierreux (lines of stones) and zaï holes. Both Sawadogo and Ouédraogo have tried to get other people to do the same things. Cordons pierreux (stone lines). Cordons pierreux are thin lines of fist-sized stones laid across fields. They catch water. When rain falls, it pushes silt (special dirt) across top of the field. The rocks slow down the water so it soaks into the ground more. The silt also makes a good place for seeds of local plants to grow. The plants slow the water even more, and their roots break up the soil, so it's easier for more water to soak in. Zaï holes. Zaï holes are holes dug in the soil. They also catch water, but in a different way. They used to only be used a little bit to make land better for growing plants. Yacouba Sawadogo had the idea to fill the holes with manure and other things to make food for the plants. The manure attracts
Zaï is a technique used in agriculture. Holes are dug in the soil to catch water. They have been used in the western Sahel area to make soil healthier and grow more plants. Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, is bringing back zaï holes. He came up with the idea of filling them with manure and compost as food for plants. The manure attracts termites, whose tunnels help further break up the soil. He also made the holes slightly bigger than the traditional ones. Zaï holes help trees, sorghum, and millet make up to 500% more food or wood.
A jury trial or trial by jury is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact, which is called a verdict. The judge usually follows the jury's verdict in his ruling. It is distinguished from a bench trial in which a judge or panel of judges makes all of the decisions. History. William the Conqueror brought to to England a system of having witnesses who had any knowledge of a crime tell the court what they knew after they had first sworn an oath. The English word "juror" comes from the French word "jurer" (to swear). In the 12th century, juries were used by the king to discover and present facts, usually in answer to questions from the king or his ministers, who made the final decision in the case. Eventually, that led to a system in which the jury made a verdict based on evidence. In the late colonial period, juries became a tool used to express American discontent with British rule. A series of Navigation Acts prohibited the American colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands, Spain, France, and their colonies. As more and more trade restrictions were imposed, the American colonists turned to smuggling. When smugglers were caught, they were brought before juries made up of other colonists. The sympathetic juries often acquitted their fellow colonists. The British government, angered at the lawbreakers going free, created new courts, whhich did not allow juries. That was a breach of common law practice and infringed on the colonists' rights as British citizens. After the American Revolutionary War, the Seventh Amendment declared the right to a jury to limit the powers of the executive and the judicial branches of the new federal government. Criminal trials. Jury trials are changing worldwide. In 2008, Russia abolished jury trials in cases of treason and terrorism. Even in England, where juries started, is using them less in cases of serious fraud and may ban them from some inquests. In the United States, jury trials are on the decline.  However, many Asian countries have legal systems that are moving towards using jury trials more often. Civil trials. The right to a jury trial in civil cases is found in
The lacrimal bone is the smallest bone in the face; about the size of the little fingernail. It is at the front of the inside wall of the eye socket.  The lacrimal bone is involved in crying. It is part of the tear duct, where tears drain from the eye. The lacrimal sac is where tears flow when you cry. The tears then go down a duct inside the nose. This is why you can get a runny nose from crying.
The Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office is the official cat of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The cat works at 10 Downing Street. Only three cats, Humphrey, Sybil and Larry, have been given the title officially. Other cats have been given this title as a nickname, usually by the British press. There has been a Downing Street cat mouser and pet since the reign of Henry VIII. Official records about these working cats only date back to 3 June 1929. These come from the Treasury and state the cost for taking care of the cat. Now, the mouser costs 100 GBP (about $140) a year for keep. The cats do not always belong to the Prime Minister in residence. Only rarely do they serve for exactly the same time as a Prime Minister. The cat with the longest known time at Downing Street is Wilberforce. He served for eighteen years under Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, Jim Callaghan, and Margaret Thatcher. Incumbent. The incumbent is Larry, since 15 February 2011. The last cat Sybil, was the first mouser after a ten-year gap. She began in September 2007 and left in January 2009. Sybil was owned by the Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling, who lived in 10 Downing Street. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, lived in the larger 11 Downing Street. It was reported that Sybil did not like living in London. She went back to Scotland to live with a friend of the Darling’s until she died. In January 2011, rats were seen in Downing Street, "scurrying across the steps of Number 10 Downing Street for the second time during a TV news report,", as reported by Independent Television News . The Prime Minister's office first said there were "no plans" for a cat to be brought in. On 14 February 2011, it was reported that a cat named "Larry" had been brought in to get rid of the rodents. The "London Evening Standard" reported that the brown and white tabby cat had been chosen by David Cameron and his family, from those at Battersea Dogs &amp; Cats
Civil law is a branch of the law in common law countries. The other branch of common law is criminal law. Civil law is concerned with the duties individuals owe to other people or to their government. This excludes the duty not to commit crimes. The American form of civil justice is considerably different from European systems. Two features stand out, class actions and the awarding of punitive damages in tort cases. Many people in other countries are amazed at the number of civil cases in the United States. Americans sue in a wide variety of cases for compensation and medical expenses that are covered in other countries by national health insurance and government compensation programs. Civil cases. Civil law is concerned with cases such as divorce, child custody and support and related lawsuits. Contract cases, tort cases (when someone is hurt and seeks compensation) and crimes which are tried in a criminal court and then tried in a civil case. Examples would be cases resulting from drunk driving or hit and run. Civil cases use a lower preponderance of the evidence standard of proof whereas criminal cases use the higher standard of beyond a reasonable doubt. An example of the differences and that the same crime can result in both criminal and civil trials is the O. J. Simpson trials. In his criminal trial a jury decided the evidence did not meet the higher standard so he was acquitted of murder charges. But in the civil wrongful death trial he was found guilty. Civil jury trials. The right to a jury trial in civil cases is found in the United States but in very few other places. England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have all but done away with civil jury trials in favor of bench trials. Fewer than 1 percent of civil trials in the US are jury trials. Where juries are used, the presence of a jury has changed the form of civil proceedings. A jury has to be impaneled, they must hear witnesses and go over evidence before reaching a verdict. The verdict, in turn, must follow the instructions given by a judge. Civil bench trials. Bench trials in civil cases are usually conducted differently than jury trials. Judges usually prefer settlements to trials and prefer bench trials because they save time. A judge can streamline a case by asking for what he wants to see and
CBGB was a New York City music nightclub. The letters "CBGB" stand for "country, bluegrass, blues". The club was opened in 1973 by Hilly Kristal. CBGB, soon afterward, became a place where new wave and punk rock bands played. These included Patti Smith Group, Blondie, Ramones and Talking Heads. From the early 1980s onward, CBGB was known for hardcore punk. One store next to CBGB became the "CBGB Record Canteen", a record shop and café. In the late 1980s, CBGB Record Canteen was changed into an art gallery and second performance space. The name was "CB's 313 Gallery." CB's Gallery was played by artists of milder sounds, such as acoustic rock, folk, jazz or experimental music. On the other side, CBGB had a small cafe and bar in the mid 1990s. The cafe served classic New York pizza. In October 2006, the original CBGB closed after its final concert. The concert was by Patti Smith. CBGB Radio started on the iHeartRadio platform in 2010. In 2013, its previous building, 315 Bowery, was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Bowery Historic District.
The 2015–16 UEFA Champions League group stage began on 15 September and ended on 9 December 2015. A total of 32 teams competed in group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout phase of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League. Groups. Group A. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group B. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group C. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group D. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group E. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group F. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group G. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Group H. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
Wilberforce was a cat who lived and worked at 10 Downing Street, the home of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He lived there between October 1973 and 13 November 1987. His title was "Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office". He served under four British Prime Ministers: Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, Jim Callaghan, and Margaret Thatcher. His chief job was to catch mice. While he was alive, he was said to be "the best mouser in Britain" as fit his role. He retired on 3 April 1987, and was succeeded by Humphrey who was born in 1988, the year Wilberforce died. History and career. Wilberforce was just a kitten when he was adopted from a London branch of the RSPCA in 1973. This was while Edward Heath was Prime Minister. He was appointed the Office Manager's cat, with a living allowance for his care. The black-and-white cat turned out to be a terrific mouser. The policeman on security duty at the front door of Number 10 had to ring the bell for Wilberforce whenever he wanted to come in. According to Bernard Ingham, the former press secretary to Margaret Thatcher, Wilberforce was a normal cat for whom Thatcher once bought "a tin of sardines in a Moscow supermarket". Ingham was allergic to cats and did his best to avoid Wilberforce. "Bloody Wilberforce used to sit under my desk and I would have a fit of sneezing. I hate cats", he said. On the BBC coverage of the 1983 UK general election, presenter Esther Rantzen was allowed to hold Wilberforce and introduce him to viewers. Wilberforce retired in 1986, after 13 years of loyal service. He went to live with a retired caretaker from No. 10 in the country. He died in his sleep on 19 May 1988.
A delegate someone who is either chosen or elected to vote or act for others. In organizations like the United Nations, each country sends delegates to represent them. Political delegates. Before a general election in the US, the process to select candidates begins with delegates. At the state level each of the major political parties selects delegates to attend a national convention. The two ways delegates are selected are the caucus and the Primary election. Each state may have different ways to select delegates as do political parties. The Republican Party lets each state decide how to select delegates. The Democratic Party uses a proportional method for awarding delegates. The percentage of delegates each candidate is awarded depends on the caucus or how many are elected for each candidate. Candidate "X" may have 40 percent, candidate "Y" may have 20 percent while candidate "Z" may have 50 percent. Any remaining percent may be undecided votes or for other candidates.  A candidate becomes his or her party's presidential nominee after the delegates sent to the convention give that person a majority of the votes. Because there are often multiple rounds of votes taken to select a presidential candidate, delegates sometimes change their votes. But in recent elections that has become unnecessary. Since 1976, it was fairly clear who was the front-runner even before the first vote was taken.
Pareidolia ) is a word from Ancient Greek to describe the phenomenon, that the human mind often perceives familiar patterns in a stimulus, even when they are not there.  Common examples are perceived images of animals, faces, or objects in cloud formations, the "man in the moon", the "moon rabbit", and hidden messages within recorded music played in reverse or at higher- or lower-than-normal speeds. Pareidolia is a special case of clustering illusion.
Charles Caldwell Ryrie (March 2, 1925 – February 16, 2016) was an American writer and Christian theologian. He served as professor of systematic theology and dean of doctoral studies at Dallas Theological Seminary. He also served as president and professor at what is now Cairn University.  Ryrie was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He was raised in Alton, Illinois. Ryrie studied at Haverford College and at University of Edinburgh.  He was the editor of "The Ryrie Study Bible" by Moody Publishers. It contains more than 10,000 of Ryrie's explanatory notes. First published in 1978, it has sold more than 2 million copies. He was a notable advocate of classic premillennial dispensationalism. Ryrie died in Dallas, Texas on February 16, 2016 from pneumonia. He was aged 90.
Abdul Rashid Khan (19 August 1908 – 18 February 2016) was an Indian singer of Hindustani music. He performed khayal, dhrupad, dhamar and thumri. Khan made several musical compositions. He was also a productive writer and poet. For his writing, he used the name Rasan Piya. He trained many students in his lifetime and became regarded as a "guru" at the ITC Sangeet Research Academy in Kolkata. Khan died in 18 February 2016 from multiple organ failure. He was aged 107.
Alexander Ilyich Gutman (; January 29, 1945 – February 17, 2016) was a Russian movie director of Jewish origin. His career began in 1986. Gutman made over 50 documentary movies, 13 of them as director. He won awards at several Russian and international movie festivals. His most famous movie is "Journey Back to Youth".  Gutman was born in St. Petersburg. He graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute (now known as St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University) (1968) and VGIK (1978). Gutman died in Moscow on February 17, 2016 from heart failure. He was aged 71.
The axillary nerve is a nerve in the armpit. It comes from the brachial plexus. It has nerve fibers from the C5 and C6 nerve roots. The axillary nerve goes through the quadrangular space. It is sometimes called the circumflex nerve. Function. The axillary nerve sends and receives signals from three muscles in the arm: deltoid (a muscle of the shoulder), teres minor (one of the rotator cuff muscles) and the long head of the triceps brachii.  The axillary nerve sends signals to two muscles in the forearm, and to muscles in the hand. The axillary nerve also sends signals to the brain from the shoulder joint, and from the skin. Injuries and problems. The axillary nerve can get injured from shoulder dislocation, squashing the armpit using a crutch or a broken arm. Injury to the nerve results in: