ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Chalon-sur-Saône is a city and a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of France. It is the largest city of the department; however, the department capital is the smaller city of Mâcon. History. Though the place where is Chalon-sur-Saône now was an important town of the Aedui (Celtic people that lived between the Saône and Loire rivers) and objects of La Tène culture have been found here, the first mention of the town, as Cavillonum or Cabillonum, is found in Julius Caesar's "Gallic Wars" (VII, chs. 42 and 90). Geography. Chalon-sur-Saône is on the sides of the Saône river, in the south of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. The city is at to the southeast of Paris and at to the north of Lyon. It has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The Saône river flows through the eastern part of the city and the small river Thalie flows through the western part of the "commune". Chalon-sur-Saône is surrounded by the "communes" Fragnes, Crissey, Châtenoy-en-Bresse, Saint-Marcel, Lux, Saint-Rémy, Châtenoy-le-Royal and Champforgeuil. Climate. The climate of Chalon-sur-Saône, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers. Population. The inhabitants of Chalon-sur-Saône are known, in French, as "Chalonnais" (women: "Chalonnaises"). With a population of 44,985, Chalon-sur-Saône has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Chalon-sur-Saône Chalon-sur-Saône forms, with other 9 "communes", the urban area of Chalon-sur-Saône, with
Dalia Grybauskaitė (born 1 March 1956) is a Lithuanian politician. She became the President of Lithuania on 12 July 2009. She was re-elected in May 2014. She is the country's first female President and the first to be elected for a second term. She was Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance, also European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget from 2004 to 2009. She is often referred to as the "Iron Lady" or the "Steel Magnolia".
There are 5 arrondissements in the Saône-et-Loire department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. The arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes. The arrondissements of the Saône-et-Loire department are: History. Since its creation, the Saône-et-Loire department has had few changes:
Christopher Scott "Chris" Kyle (April 8, 1974 – February 2, 2013) was a United States Navy SEAL. Kyle was the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history. He had 160 confirmed kills out of 255 possible kills. Kyle was born in Odessa, Texas. On February 2, 2013, Kyle was shot and killed at a shooting range near Chalk Mountain, Texas, aged 38.
The arrondissement of Autun is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Saône-et-Loire "département" in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital is the city of Autun. History. When the Saône-et-Loire department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Autun was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Autun is bordered to the north by the Côte-d'Or department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Charolles and to the west by the Nièvre department. It is the northernmost of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , the second largest in area of the department. It has 86,693 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The cantons of the arrondissement of Autun are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Autun has 83 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Chalon-sur-Saône is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Saône-et-Loire "département" in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital is the city of Chalon-sur-Saône. History. When the Saône-et-Loire department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône is bordered to the north by the Côte-d'Or department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Louhans, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Mâcon, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Charolles and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Autun. It is found in the northern part of the department, with an area of , the second largest in area of the department. It has 200,084 inhabitants, the "arrondissement" of the department with more people living there, and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The cantons of the arrondissement of Chalon-sur-Saône are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône has 149 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Charolles is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Saône-et-Loire "département" in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital is the city of Charolles. History. When the Saône-et-Loire department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Charolles was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Charolles is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Autun, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône and to the east by the "arrondissement" of Mâcon. It is also bordered by three departments of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region: the Rhône department to the southeast, the Loire department to the south and the Allier department to the west. It is in the southwestern corner of the department, with an area of , the largest in area of the department. It has 99,381 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The cantons in the arrondissement of Charolles are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Charolles has 135 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Louhans is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Saône-et-Loire "département" in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital is the city of Louhans. History. When the Saône-et-Loire was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Louhans was part of that original department. In 1926, the "arrondissement" of Louhans was eliminated but in 1942 it became again an "arrondissement" of the department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Louhans is bordered to the north and east by the Jura department, to the southeast by the Ain (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Mâcon, to the west by the "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône and to the northwest (a small part) by the Côte-d'Or department. It is the easternmost of the "arrondissements" of the department, with an area of , the second smallest in area of the department. It has 55,567 inhabitants, the "arrondissement" of Saône-et-Loire with fewer people living in it, and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only three cantons in the arrondissement of Louhans: Cuiseaux (partly), Louhans and Pierre-de-Bresse. Communes. The "arrondissement" of Louhans has 79 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
The arrondissement of Mâcon is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Saône-et-Loire "département" in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Mâcon. History. When the Saône-et-Loire department was created on 17 February 1800, the "arrondissement" of Mâcon was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Mâcon is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Chalon-sur-Saône, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Louhans and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Charolles. It is also bordered by two departments of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region: the Rhône department to the south and the Ain department to the east. It is in the southern part of the department, with an area of , the smallest in area of the department. It has 114,063 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The cantons in the arrondissement of Mâcon are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Mâcon has 121 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are:
A landslide victory is when one candidate or political party in an election receives considerably more votes or seats than their opponent. A notable example of a landslide victory is the 1984 United States presidential election when Ronald Reagan won by winning 49 out of the 50 states. Other examples include when Tony Blair and his Labour Party won the United Kingdom general elections of 1997 and 2001 and when Andrés Manuel López Obrador won the presidency by nearly 13,000,000 votes in the 2018 Mexican general election.
Olga Kurylenko (born 14 November 1979) is a Ukrainian-French actress and model. She started acting in 2005. She became famous by playing Bond girl Camille Montes in the movie "Quantum of Solace". She also played Julia in the 2013 movie "Oblivion".  Kurylenko was born in Berdyansk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. On 15 March 2020, Kurylenko announced she had tested positive for COVID-19.
"Let's Wait Awhile" is a 1987 pop ballad by singer Janet Jackson. The song reached #2 in the United States and #3 in the United Kingdom. This song is about sexual abstinence. The song received mostly positive reviews from the music critics. It was released in early 1987. It is from 1986 album Control.
"Love Will Never Do (Without You)" is a 1990 hit single from Janet Jackson. The song was Jackson's fifth #1 single on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The song was from her record "Rhythm Nation 1814". The song was released in October 1990. The song reached #19 on the "Billboard" Year-End Hot 100 of 1991. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.
Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy. It is in the constellation Ursa Major. It is large. It is about 12 million light-years from Earth. It has an active galactic nucleus (which has a supermassive black hole). For these reasons Messier 81 has been well studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is large and very bright. This makes it a popular object for amateur astronomers to look at. Messier 81 was discovered by Johann Elert Bode in 1774. The galaxy is sometimes called "Bode's Galaxy". In 1779, Pierre Méchain and Charles Messier reidentified Bode's object. They listed it as Messier 81 in the Messier Catalogue. M81 is dusty. Interstellar dust is found in the galaxy's spiral arms. It is connected with star formation areas. The hot blue stars in star formation areas heat the dust and the hot dust emits infrared energy from these areas. Supernova. Only one supernova has been seen in Messier 81. The supernova is named SN 1993J. It was discovered on 28 March 1993 by F. Garcia in Spain. At the time, it was the second brightest supernova seen in the 20th century. M81 Group. Messier 81 is the largest galaxy in the M81 Group. The M81 Group is a group of 34 galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major. This Group and the Local Group, containing the Milky Way, are close together in the Virgo Supercluster.  Amateur astronomy. Messier 81 is about 10° northwest of Alpha Ursae Majoris. Messier 81 and Messier 82 can both be easily seen using binoculars and small telescopes.
"Come Back to Me" is a 1990 ballad from singer Janet Jackson. The song is about trying to bring back a romance that ended a long time ago. The song hit #2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The song was released on June 18, 1989 and is from Janet's 1989 studio album "Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814"
Penguin is the seventh studio album by Fleetwood Mac. The album was released on March 1, 1973.
The housemaid debate or maid debate is a political discussion in Sweden. It begun on 18 July 1993 when Swedish economist Anne-Marie Pålsson proposed tax deductions for household services. Many right-wing politicians supported the proposal. They thought it would reduce unreported employment. Many left-wing politicians expressed negative thoughts. They said it would increase social class gaps. The left-wing politicians pointed to the time before the 1970s, when many girls were employed to live-in and work for wealthier families. The discussion has later reappeared. Often, it has reappeared during elections in Sweden. Tax deductions, so called RUT deductions for household services, were introducd in Sweden on 1 July 2007. That was during the centre-right Reinfeldt cabinet.
The Brottby Concert () was a Neo-Nazi rock concert. It was held at the Yesterday dancing venue in Brottby, Sweden on Saturday evening, 3 January 1998. Participating bands and audience came from several countries. Swedish police stroke against the concert. Several persons suspected for hate speech were arrested. Totally the police arrested circa 250 personer people. Participants from other countries, for example the USA said during the trial that they didn't knew doing a nazi salute was considered hate speech in Sweden. The concert and the following trials were brought major attention by Swedish newspapers. Many bands appeared at the concert. Major attention was brought to, among others "Max Resist" and "Vit aggression". The police stroke as Vit aggression played. During their 2002 album "Keep Fighting", Max Resist also recorded the song "Battle of Brottby" with references to the Brottby Concert.
The Story of Doctor Dolittle is a 1920 book about Doctor John Dolittle and his animals. This book is the first in a series of children's books by Hugh Lofting. "The Story of Doctor Dolittle" is about a doctor who can speak with the animals in their own languages. He starts treating animals instead of human patients. The book is set in Victorian England. Dolittle lives in the English village of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in the West Country. He has many friends, like Tommy Stubbins and Matthew Mugg, the Cats'-Meat Man. His house is filled with animals. He owns a parrot called Polynesia, a pig called Gub-Gub, a dog called Jip, a duck called Dab-Dab, a monkey called Chee-Chee, an owl called Too-Too, and a white mouse named "Whitey". He also owns a gazelle-unicorn cross called "pushmi-pullyu" ("push-me—pull-you") that has two heads, one at the back and one at the front of the body. The doctor in this first book takes a ship to Africa to cure the animals there.
Planthoppers are insects in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha. They are true bugs (Hemiptera), with over 12,500 described species.  They are cryptic mimics: their body shape and colours look like leaves and other plant parts in their environment. They either walk very slowly or hop like grasshoppers.  Members of this group are plant-feeders, and live world-wide. Few are pests, but some are vectors for plant diseases. Phytoplasmas which live in the phloem of plants can be transmitted by planthoppers when feeding. Their nymphs have a biological gear mechanism at the base of the hind legs, which keeps the legs in synchrony when the insects jump. In popular culture. The planthopper is mentioned in a key scene from Alfred Hitchcock's film "Marnie": "In Kenya, there is quite a beautiful flower – rather like a hyacinth. If you should reach out to touch it, you would discover that the flower is not a flower at all, but a design made up of hundreds of tiny insects called flatid bugs. They escape the eyes of hungry birds by living and dying in the shape of a flower".
Lynn Anderson (September 26, 1947 – July 30, 2015) was an American country musician. She sang many hit songs in the 1970s and 1980s. She began in 1966 at age nineteen. Her first major hit was "If I Kiss You (Will You Go Away)". Other hit songs were "Promises, Promises", "Rose Garden" and "No Another Time". Anderson was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota. She died on July 30, 2015 after suffering a heart attack at her Nashville, Tennessee home, aged 67.
Phytoplasmas are a type of parasitic bacteria. They are pathogens of economically important plants, including coconut, sugarcane, and sandalwood. They are obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue. Their vectors are insects which inject then into the plant cells. They were discovered by scientists in 1967 and were named mycoplasma-like organisms or MLOs. They cannot be grown "in vitro" (in laboratory conditions), and that limits the information about them. They are described by the special term "Candidatus", reserved for such difficult organisms.
Sällskapet till belöning av trotjänare is nonprofit organization in Sweden. It was established in 1828 It gives prizes and awards to domestic worker girls and women who have worked for at least 15 years for the same family in Stockholm County. The activite of the organization was brought attention on 4 March 1987 at SR P1. The headquarters were in Saltsjö-Duvnäs. They were then relocated to Grillby. In 1988 a newspaper announce about the organization holding annual meeting led to the making of the programme "Frida, en trotjänarinna". The initiative to the establishment of the organization was taken by Carl Löwenhielm.
The Division of Perth is an Australian electoral division in Western Australia. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first Australian election in 1901. It is named after Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. It includes the suburbs of Ashfield, Bassendean, Bayswater, Bedford, Beechboro, East Perth, Eden Hill, Embleton, Highgate, Inglewood, Kiara, Lockridge, Maylands, Morley, Mount Lawley, Noranda, Northbridge, and parts of Coolbinia, Dianella, Menora, North Perth, Perth City, West Perth and Yokine. Members. Walter Nairn was Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives from 1940 to 1943. Tom Burke's son, Brian Burke, became Premier of Western Australia. Fred Chaney Snr. was Minister for the Navy in the Menzies and Holt governments. He was later appointed as Administrator of the Northern Territory. One of his sons, also named Fred Chaney, became a Member of Parliament. Joe Berinson served as Minister of the Environment in the Whitlam government. Ric Charlesworth was a hockey player, who played for Australia at five Olympic Games. Steven Smith served in the Rudd and Gillard governments as a minister, includuing Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Defence.
Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab was an organization in Denmark. It was established in 1815 when king Frederick VI of Denmark had been inspired while visiting the Congress of Vienna in Austria The organization was finally disestablished on 28 October 2004 after a meeting inside the Garnison Church in Copenhagen. Queen Marie of Denmark was appointed protector of the organization. That position was then held by someone from the Danish royal family. Queen Marie's birthday was always celebrated as an observance by the organization. They gave awards to domestic workers who had been in long-time service. Most other domestic workers used to leave by the age of 25-30 to form their own family. The organization also ran a school for housemaid girls. In 1828 they also opened Denmark's first daycare center. The organization was disestablished as their activity had been outdated. However the housemaid girls at some places had been replaced by modern nanny girls. When the organization was disestablished, Niels Gustav Bardenfleth published the book "For lang och tro tjeneste. Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab 1815-2004".
A bikont ("two flagellae") is any eukaryotic organism in the group Bikonta. Many single-celled members of the group, and the presumed ancestor, have two flagella. The TSAR supergroup is a group of Bikonts containing telonemia (T), stramenopiles (S), alveolata (A), and rhizaria (R). The SAR supergroup is a group of Bikonts containing stramenopiles (S), alveolata (A), and rhizaria (R). Enzymes. Another shared trait of bikonts is the fusion of two genes into a single unit. The genes for thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) code for a single  protein with two functions.  The genes are separately translated in unikonts.
The Stockholm Town Housemaid School () was a vocational school. It was started in 1938 at Scheelegatan 8 on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm, Sweden. The school educated housemaids. It was established during a shortage of housemaids, and the idea was well received. The students were graded. The classes where phtographed wearing housemaid uniforms. Harald Norbelie has depicted the school in a chapter of the 1993 book "".
Anne-Marie Pålsson (born 23 April 1951) is a Swedish politician and economist. She was a member of the Swedish parliament for the Moderate Party between 2002 and 2010. She is also known for starting the Housemaid debate in July 1993.
Gridlock'd is a 1997 American crime thriller comedy-drama movie set in Detroit. It was directed by Vondie Curtis-Hall and was produced by Damian Jones, Paul Webster, and Erica Huggins. "Gridlock'd" was released on January 31, 1997. The movie paid tribute to star Tupac Shakur, who was murdered four months before the release of the movie. The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Editor Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" praised Shakur's performance, saying: "He played this part with an appealing mix of presence, confidence and humor".
The Clan McDuck is a family of ducks in the Disney fictional universe, based on the style of Scottish families. The most famous member is Scrooge McDuck. According to the timeline of Don Rosa, the clan has been known since 122 AD when a member yet unnamed clan sold the stone for the construction crew of Hadrian's Wall. The Clan 'Scrooge was originally called Clan MacDuich, but left the Gaelic spelling of the name in 1071 and became the Clan McDuck. Donald Duck, his sister Della, and her sons Huey, Dewey, and Louie, are all descendants of the clan through Donald and Della's maternal lineage.
Edgar Willmar Froese (6 June 1944 – 20 January 2015) was a German artist and electronic music pioneer. He was best known for founding the electronic music group Tangerine Dream. Froese died suddenly in Vienna on 20 January 2015 from pulmonary embolism, aged 70.
Pedro Segundo Mardones Lemebel (21 November 1952 – 23 January 2015) was an openly gay Chilean essayist, chronicler, and novelist. He was known for writing books about Chilean culture based on the mind of a homosexual. He was nominated for Chile's National Literature Prize in 2014.  Lemebel died of cancer of the larynx on January 23, 2015, aged 62.