ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
San Gimignano is a small hill town in the province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy. San Gimignano is famous for the medieval towers, and for the wine, called "Vernaccia di San Gimignano". History. San Gimignano was founded as a small village in about 1300 BC by the Etruscans. The city is named after Saint Geminianus, who defended it from Attila the Hun in the mid 5th century. In medieval and Renaissance times, it was a stopping point for pilgrims on their way to Rome and the Vatican as it sits on the medieval via Francigena. In 1199, during the period of its highest splendour, the city made itself independent from Volterra. Important places. There are many churches in the town: the two main ones are the "Collegiata", a cathedral, and "Sant'Agostino". The Communal Palace is now the home of San Gimignano Gallery. Hhere there are works by Pinturicchio, Benozzo Gozzoli, Filippino Lippi, Domenico di Michelino, Pier Francesco Fiorentino, and others.  The heart of the town contains the four squares, "Piazza della Cisterna", "Piazza Duomo", "Piazza Pecori", and "Piazza delle Erbe".  Culture. San Gimignano is the birthplace of the poet Folgore da San Gimignano (1270-1332). "Tea with Mussolini", a 1999 drama about English and American women in Italy during World War II, was filmed in part at San Gimignano.
The Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture is a ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its headquarters are in Bonn, but it has a second seat in Berlin. The Ministry was formed on 22 November 2005. Organisation. The ministry has two "parliamentary permanent secretaries", Gerd Müller, CSU and Ursula Heinen, CDU, and the top civil servant is Gert Lindemann. He is the "established permanent secretary". The ministry’s work is done in six departments Competition. The ministry organizes the nationwide competition "Our Village has a Future".
ACF Fiorentina "(Associazione Calcio Fiorentina)", often called Fiorentina, is an Italian professional football club from Florence, Tuscany, and was founded in 1926. History. Fiorentina have won the Serie A twice, first in 1955/56 then again in 1968/69, as well as winning six Coppa Italia trophies. On the European stage Fiorentina have won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1960/61, they finished runners-up in the UEFA Cup 1989/90 and they also came close to winning the biggest European prize, finishing as runners-up in the European Cup during 1956/57. Name. Nickname. Fiorentina is known by the nickname "La viola"; a reference to their distinctive purple colours. History. August 26 1926 - With the fusion of "Palestra Ginnastica Fiorentina (P.G.F.) Libertas" and "Club Sportivo Firenze", Fiorentina was born. 1939 - 1940 - Fiorentina wins their first cup, the Coppa Italia. 1955 - 1956 - FIorentina win their first "Scudetto", (the Italian championship). 1920 - 1961 - 2th "Scudetto" is won by Fiorentina. After the second "Scudetto", Fiorentina won the Cup Winners' Cup. 1960 - the club win the "Coppa Italia" and the Mitropa Cup 1974 - the "Viola" win the Anglo-Italian League Cup. 1975 - the team won another "Coppa Italia". 1993 - 1994 - Fiorentina were relegated to the Serie B (second division). Afterwards the team return to the Serie A 1996 - Fiorentina gained their 3rd "Coppa Italia". 2000 - Fiorentina win the "Italian Super Coppa". 2001 -2005 - The team is struck by financial problems, and are moved to the bottom of Italian Football. They then work their way back up to the Serie A.
Gresso was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. History. The municipality was made in 1882 by splitting from the municipality of Vergeletto. On 10 April 2016, the former municipalities of Gresso, Isorno, Mosogno and Vergeletto merged to form the municipality of Onsernone.
Gudo was a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.
Isorno was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. History. The former municipality was created in 2001 by a merger of Auressio, Berzona and Loco. On 10 April 2016, the former municipalities of Gresso, Isorno, Mosogno and Vergeletto merged to form the municipality of Onsernone.
Lavizzara is a municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipality was created in 2004 by a merger of Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, Peccia and Prato-Sornico.
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (formerly the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, ) is a Federal Ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was founded 1949 as the Federal Ministry of the Economy. It was combined in May 1971 with the Federal Ministry of Finance to make the Federal Ministry of Economics and Finance. This joining only lasted until December 1972. In 1998 the technology area of the Ministry of Research and Development was given to the ministry so that it was called Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. It was joined with the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs to make the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour between 2002 and 2005. The new Federal Government of Angela Merkel split the two areas so that there is a Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology again. History. The ministry has had many names Structure of the ministry. To do its job, the ministry is divided into nine departments, the central division deals with administration, the other divisions deal with a certain area of policy. There are also some independent agencies which report to the ministry Federal Ministers. Economics 1949 to 1998 (1971/72: Federal Ministry of Economics and Finance) The ministry had many junior ministers, one who has gone on to a more important political job is Norbert Lammert, CDU, who was parliamentary permanent secretary between 1994 and 1997. Lammert became President of the Bundestag in 2005 Of the ministry's top civil servants, called the "established permanent secretary", Klaus von Dohnanyi is best known. He was established permanent secretary in 1968 and 1969. He is a famous economist and was "First Mayor" of Hamburg Federal Minister for Economy and Technology 1998 to 2002 Federal Minister for Economics and Labour 2002 to 2005 Federal Minister for Economics and Technology since 2005 Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy, since 2013 Headquarters. The main headquarters of the ministry is in Invalidenstraße in Berlin-Mitte. It is number of buildings which used to be the Kaiser Wilhelm academy (armed forces medical school) and the old hospital. The second headquarters of the ministry is the old Gallwitz barracks in Bonn-Duisdorf.
The Federal Ministry of Education and Research () (BMBF) is a Federal Ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. The headquarters of the Ministry are in the so-called "cross buildings" (Kreuzbauten) in Bonn, a second office is in Berlin. History. The Federal Ministry of Education and Science was founded as the "Federal Ministry for Nuclear Affairs" on October 20, 1955. It was renamed the "Federal Ministry of Nuclear Affairs and Water-supply and Distribution" in 1957, and again in 1962 to Federal Ministry of Scientific Research. It became the "Federal Ministry for Education and Science" in 1969 which it kept 1994 up to the reunification with the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology. The Federal Ministry of Research and Technology had been founded only 1972. The Ministry got its present name in 1998.
The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is an indie and pop music magazine in the United Kingdom. It was published every week from March 1952. It was the first British magazine to include a singles chart. History. The magazine's first issue was published on 7 March 1952. It was like a newspaper.  1960s. During the 1960s, the magazine championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were on the front cover a lot. They would also be at the NME Poll Winners Concert, an awards event that featured artists voted as most popular by the NME's readers. The concert also had an awards ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. In the later part of the 1960s, the magazine began to report about psychedelia. 1970s. In early 1972, the magazine was nearly closed. A new person became editor and it changed radically to something intended to be smarter, hipper, more cynical and funnier than any mainstream British music paper had previously been (an approach influenced mainly by writers). In mid-1973, the paper was selling nearly 300,000 copies per week and was outselling its other weekly rivals, "Melody Maker, Disc", "Record Mirror" and "Sounds". 1976 saw Punk Rock arrive on the music scene and "NME", like other "specialist" publications, was slow in reporting and covering this new music phenomenon. In an attempt to boost sales, the paper advertised for a pair of "hip young gunslingers" to join their editorial staff. This resulted in the recruitment of two journalists, Julie Burchill and Tony Parsons, who made sure the magazine was completely up to date on this new music style. Bands who a few months previously had been criticising the "NME" were now eager to be included. The magazine also became more openly political during the time of Punk. Its cover would sometimes feature youth-oriented issues rather than a musical act. 1980s. Sales were dropping, and by 1985 "NME" had hit a rough patch and was in danger of closing again
Pedernales is a Dominican province; it is in the southwestern part of the country, on the border with Haiti. Its capital city has the same name, Pedernales. It was created on 16 December 1957. It was a municipality of the Barahona province before being elevated to the category of province. Name. The province was named after the Pedernales river; this river forms the southern border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. And the river is named Pedernales because the mineral flint () is common in the region. History. Some native groups lived close to the coast and the River Pedernales before the conquest of the island by European people. But very few people has lived in the region, for most of its history, because it is a very dry region. In his second travel to America, Christopher Columbus sighted and named part of the present island, including the Beata and Alto Velo islands, that are part of the province. Until the 20th century, the only people living here were Haitians and many places have French names. Sometimes, during the Dominican-Haitian War (1844-1856), Haitian soldiers came across this region because there were not Dominican soldiers. The only fight between soldiers of the two countries in the territory of the present province was close to the "El Can" bay, near the town of Juancho, on 6 January 1856. Since colonial times, the territory was part of the Azua province until it was changed to the Barahona when Barahona became a province in 1881. The province of Pedernales was created in 1957 with the municipalities of Pedernales, its capital, and Oviedo. Juancho became a municipal district in 1998 and José Francisco Peña Gómez Oviedo in 2005. Location. The Pedernales province is in the southwest of the country. It is bordered to the north by the province of Independencia, to the northeast by Barahona, to the east, south and west by the Caribbean Sea. To the west Pedernales borders the Republic of Haiti. Population. In (last national census), there
Wolfenstein 3D is a 1992 first person shooter computer video game. The game was created by id Software. It was released for the PC on May 5, 1992. It was later released for many other systems including Apple computers and Nintendo's SNES console and Game Boy Advance handheld system. "Wolfenstein 3D" was one of the first first person shooter games. It is said to have created much of the popularity in this type of game. The game was based on the 1980s Muse Software computer games "Castle Wolfenstein" and "Beyond Castle Wolfenstein". Story. In "Wolfenstein 3D", the player controls an American soldier named BJ Blazkowicz. The player is trying to get out of a building controlled by Nazis during World War II. The player must avoid guards and dogs while looking for the way out. Food, medical supplies, ammunition and weapons can be found along the way to help the player. Gameplay. There are four types of weapons in the game: Controversy. Because of the use of Nazi symbols and music in the game, "Wolfenstein 3D" was banned in Germany. This was because it broke German laws. People also complained about the player having to shoot dogs in the game.
Deceiver is the fourth album by American musician Chris Thile, which was released in 2004. The album uses thirty-nine different instruments, which were all played by Thile alone. Some of the instruments played on the album include mandolin, piano, bass guitar, electric guitar, violin, and different types of percussion instruments. In 2005, the album was nominated a Grammy Award, for "Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical" to "Deceiver"'s engineers, Thile and Gary Paczosa. Musical style. In an interview from 2007, Chris Thile described what he had in plan for "Deceiver":  Track listing. All songs on "Deceiver" were written by Chris Thile.
The Anti-submarine boom net was used to stop enemy submarines entering Sydney Harbour during World War II. The net went all the way across the harbour from Green Point, Watson's Bay to Georges Head on the other side. The boom was part of the Sydney Harbour defences which also included artillery batteries and patrol boats. History. In January 1942, the Australian defence forces began to build the anti-submarine boom net; it was finished in August 1942. For more than three years, entry by boats, ships and ferries into Sydney Harbour was through one of three different gates that were a part of the anti-submarine boom net. On 31 May 1942, during WWII, three Japanese submarines tried to get into the harbour. The first submarine to try and come in was the M27. Lieutenant Jahai Chuma was the man in charge of this submarine. The M27 followed a Sydney ferry through the gate on its way to Manly, but it got caught in the western end of the net's middle section. Lieutenant Chuma, tried to free his submarine by using a special tool that cuts metal, but this only made things worse. By 8:30pm the watchman for the Maritime Service Board, James Cargill, went to see what was happening. He used a boat to row across to where the submarine was stuck. Very surprised at finding a Japanese submarine, Cargill called naval headquarters with his two way radio. At first the navy did not believe that there was a Japanese Midget submarine caught in the boom net. It took him two hours to get them to believe him. By 10:27pm, Chuma knew that he had been discovered, so he blew up the submarine using bombs, killing himself and his crew. The two other submarines got through the boom net, which at the time was not quite finished. They attacked shipping for many hours before they were destroyed as well. In August 1945, the boom net was taken away. By early 1946, only the dolphin structure was left. The base of the winch house is the only remaining part of the anti-submarine boom net. It can still be seen at Green Point.
Eurotrash is an American English slang term to describe stereotypical Europeans. These words will cause rage to some Europeans, while other Europeans embrace the label as an ironic humourous way to refer to themself.
This page lists the main local rulers: rulers of dependencies and of the main administrative divisions (autonomous regions, insular or peninsular regions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.) For national rulers, i.e. heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders not occupying either of those formal positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government...) of the 194 states usually recognized like that (192 UN members + Vatican City + Taiwan), of 10 other national entities (quasi and unrecognized states), and of 7 in exile and/or alternative governments (only in exile governments that exercised power or succeeded governments that exercised power) :
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988) is an English singer, songwriter, musician and multi-instrumentalist. In 2023, she appeared at number 22 on the "Rolling Stone" magazine's "200 best singers of all time" list. Early life. Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988, at North Middlesex University Hospital in Tottenham, London. She is the daughter of a Welshman named Mark Evans and Penny Adkins. She has a half-brother called Cameron. She lived with her father and she started singing from the age of four. She graduated from The BRIT School in Croydon in May 2006.  In July 2006, Adele published two songs in the fourth issue of online arts magazine PlatformsMagazine.com. After graduation, Adele began to play small shows at venues all over Britain. She has also toured with best friend Jack Peñate, as well as Jamie T, Raul Midon, Devendra Banhart, Amos Lee and Keren Ann since summer 2006. Adele went on her first UK headlining tour in October 2007. Career. Adele's first single released was "Hometown Glory". On it, she sings about Tottenham. The single was released on 22 October 2007 on Jamie T's label Pacemaker Recordings. It is a limited edition 7" vinyl with B-side "Best for Last". She has since signed to independent music label XL Recordings. In January 2008, she released her second single "Chasing Pavements""." Adele has become quite popular on MySpace. She is following the example of fellow Londoner Lily Allen by using the web as a mediafocus and a place to see what people think of her songs. Adele performed "Daydreamer" on BBC2's "Later With Jools Holland," alongside Paul McCartney and Björk. She was next on BBC1's "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross" on 7 December 2007, singing "Chasing Pavements." On 10 December 2007, Adele was awarded with the first
Hair straightening is when a person makes their hair straighter. Their hair may be curly, wavy, or almost straight. There are methods to make even very curly hair straighter. There are two different types of straightening: temporary and permanent. Temporary hair straightening keeps the hair straight until it gets wet or damp again, so only lasts for up to a few days. Permanent hair straightening keeps the hair straight for up to a few months, even when the hair gets wet. A person can temporarily straighten their hair using: A person can permanently straighten their hair using:
A hair iron or hair tong is something people use to change the shape of the hair by heating it. There are three types of hair iron:  History. In 1872, Marcel Grateau (a Parisian) used heated rods to curl or style hair. In 1893, Ada Harris, a school teacher from Indianapolis, applied for a patent for the hair straightener. The hair straightener was a device “heated like a curling iron” with two flat faces held together by a hinge . It was said that when the faces press the hair, it will become straight.” Harris's invention also had a comb, which would keep different parts of the hair separated. Simon E. Monroe patented a hair straightener in 1906 that was like a metal comb. In 1909, Issac K. Shero patented a hair straightener made of two irons that are heated and put together around the hair. Years later, Sharrell made heated metal tools, for example: hot combs. The hot metal straightener went easily through the hair, making less damage and dryness than the way things were done before. Later, ceramic and electrical straighteners were made, meaning people could adjust the heat settings and straightener size. Another method of hair straightening is Japanese hair straightening, which was invented in Japan, and works like a perm, but to straighten instead of curl the hair. It is now given at many salons but is quite expensive and must be re-done after it stops working. The straightening irons of today. Some better hair straighteners today have ceramic coated heating parts, which harm the hair less, and heat up faster than non-ceramic coated heating parts. Cheaper brands do not often have ceramic, but some have a paint-like coating that looks like ceramic plating. Cordless flat irons use lithium battery that can last up to 45 minutes, and other is heated by thermacell butane gas cartridge. Lots of more expensive hair straighteners use ionic and infra red technology, which helps to keep moisture and oils in the hair, and to stop static and frizz. Depending on the hair type, repeated use of hair straighteners,
Intel Core is the name of a family of 32-bit dual-core microprocessors. It was made by the technology company Intel. Intel Core processors are based on Pentium M technology. Those processors are more advanced than Intel P6 processors. This architecture, or way to build a processor, is now replaced by Core 2 microarchitecture. In the Core family, there are two groups: the Duo (with two cores) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core). The Solo line replaced the Pentium M one-core processor. In September of 2006 and January of 2008, Core CPUs stopped selling as much, as Intel released CPUs with newer technology. Yonah. Yonah is a company name for Intel's first generation of microprocessors for mobile computers. The Core Duo was released on 5 January 2006. It was the first Intel processor to be used in Apple Inc.'s Macintosh computers. Yonah does not have 64-bit function. The Intel Core Duo has two cores, 2 Mebibytes of L2 cache for both cores, and an arbiter bus that controls the L2 cache and front side bus access. The Intel Core Solo uses two-cores die as a Core Duo, but one core is turned off. Advantages and shortcomings. The duo version of Intel Core (Yonah) has two cores, which give performance per watt almost as good as single-core processors. In computer machines operating with batteries, this means getting as much total work done in one battery charge like in old computers. The shortcomings of Intel Core (Yonah) are: Core-based processor Intel Xeon Sossaman LV (low-voltage), for servers also does not have the Intel 64-bit function. All new server systems have support for x86-64, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 even requires a 64-bit processor to run. On July 27, 2006, Intel released newer Core version Intel Core 2.
A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography. That is the study of Earth's physical environment and human habitat.  Geographers are historically known as people who make maps. Nowadays map making is the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography. The geographer studies not only the physical details of the environment. He looks at the influence of this physical environment as well. Therefore he looks at human and wildlife ecologies, weather and climate patterns, economics, and culture. He will concentrate on the influence space has for relationships between these elements.  The National Geographic Society sees five broad key themes for geographers:
Rod may mean: Rod may also be: People with the given name Rod. Often as an abbreviation of such names as Roderick and Rodney: