ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer and activist. He has acted in movies and on television, who came to fame as "Insp. Steve Keller" in the popular 1970s television series "The Streets of San Francisco". He later became a successful movie star, and won the Academy Award in 1987 for his work in "Wall Street". Douglas has acted in many other successful movies, including "Fatal Attraction" and "Basic Instinct". He is the eldest son of actor Kirk Douglas, but also Krirk Douglas and Mrirk Douglas. He is the husband of actress Catherine Zeta-Jones. In 2010, he was diagnosed with throat cancer; in 2011 he said he had recovered.
Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916 – February 5, 2020) was an American actor and movie director. Douglas acted in many of Hollywood's well-known movies, including "Spartacus". He also starred as Vincent van Gogh in "Lust for Life". His parents were Jews from the Russian Empire. He was the father of actor and producer Michael Douglas.  He came in at #17 on AFI's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time and was one of two living actors on the list (Sidney Poitier is the other). In 1995, he was given an Honorary Academy Award. In 1956, he won a Golden Globe Award. Kirk Douglas died on February 5, 2020 in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 103.
James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was an American actor and military officer. In his career, he starred in many movies considered classics and was nominated for five Oscars, winning one in competition and one life achievement. Stewart became so familiar to the American public that he was most usually referred to by them as "Jimmy" Stewart. He was named the third Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. Stewart was an outspoken conservative Republican.
James Francis Cagney, Jr. (; July 17, 1899March 30, 1986) was an American actor, dancer and movie director. He had many roles in his long career. In 1942, he won the Oscar for Best Actor for his role in "Yankee Doodle Dandy". Like James Stewart, Cagney became so familiar to the public that they usually referred to him as "Jimmy" Cagney. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Cagney eighth in the Greatest Male Stars of All Time. Orson Welles said he might have been the best actor ever.
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor who appeared in movies for thirty years. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Tracy among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking 9th on the list of 100. He was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1937 and 1938. Along with Tom Hanks, he is one of the only two actors to ever be given two Oscars in two consecutive years. He was a long-time live-in partner of famous actress Katharine Hepburn whilst remaining legally married to another woman until his death. He was diabetic and died of a heart attack. He was Roman Catholic.
Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901May 13, 1961) was an American actor. He was known for his acting style. Cooper was given five Oscar nominations for Best Actor, and won it two times, in 1941 and 1952. He was also given an Honorary Award from the Academy in 1961. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Cooper among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking at No. 11. Cooper's career went from 1925 to 1961. He had important roles in 84 movies. Movies. These are where Gary Cooper had a leading role.
James Edward Keeler (September 10 1857 – August 12 1900) was an American astronomer. He worked at Lick Observatory beginning in 1888 but was appointed director of the University of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Observatory in 1891. He returned to Lick Observatory as its director in 1898, but died not long after in 1900. He had married in 1891 and left a widow and two children. He discovered two asteroids, although the second was lost and only recovered about 100 years later.
Cassini–Huygens, ( ) often referred to as Cassini, was a joint space-research mission by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Its goal was to study Saturn and its system, including its rings and moons, using a robotic spacecraft. The mission included NASA's Cassini space probe and ESA's Huygens lander, which landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan in 2005. Cassini was the fourth spacecraft to visit Saturn and the first to orbit around it, a mission that lasted from 2004 to 2017. The mission was named after astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens. Launched on October 15, 1997, Cassini spent nearly 20 years in space. It orbited Saturn for 13 years, starting from July 1, 2004, and studied the planet and its surroundings during that time.  The journey to Saturn included passing close by Venus (April 1998 and July 1999), Earth (August 1999), the asteroid 2685 Masursky, and Jupiter (December 2000). Cassini's mission ended on September 15, 2017, when it entered Saturn's upper atmosphere and burned up to avoid any risk of contaminating Saturn's potentially habitable moons with microbes from Earth. The mission exceeded expectations – NASA's Jim Green called Cassini-Huygens a "mission of firsts" that greatly advanced our knowledge of Saturn, its moons, and rings, and expanded our understanding of where life might exist in our solar system. Cassini's mission was originally planned for four years, from June 2004 to May 2008. It was then extended for two more years until September 2010, called the Cassini Equinox Mission. Later, it received a final extension known as the Cassini Solstice Mission, which lasted another seven years until September 15, 2017. On that date, Cassini was directed to enter Saturn's upper atmosphere and burn up. The "Huygens" module traveled with Cassini until it separated from the probe on December 25, 2004.
Ferns are a group of about 20,000 species of plants. About 10,000 are living: they are in the division Pteridophyta.  Unlike bryophytes, ferns have xylem and phloem, which makes them vascular plants. Unlike seed plants like angiosperms (flowering plants) or gymnosperms, ferns do not have seeds. Instead, they reproduce by releasing their spores into the environment where the germinate into a Prothallus. Most ferns belong to the Class Leptosporangiata (or Pteridopsida). This includes most of those you see in gardens and woods. The horsetails belong to another class, the Equisetopsida, which was extremely important in the Carboniferous period. Only one genus survives. The other classes of fern are also quite small today. Ferns do not have waxes or special cells on their surface that keep water from evaporating. This means that they best live in a place where there is a lot of fog or has a lot of rainfall and is in a shade that protects them from direct sunlight. Most do have roots, stems, and leaves. Their stems may form runners, called stolons above the ground, or rhizomes below ground. The leaves are green and large, and may have spores on the underside. Some ferns grow large in moist places. They can survive in more places than mosses, but not as much as seed plants. During the Carboniferous period – from 350 million years ago – ferns lived everywhere on land. These ferns, called tree ferns grew up to 30 metres. There were huge forests of ferns and mosses, giant horsetails, full of giant insects, etc. Today, there are no large forests of tree ferns and tree ferns are not so large.
A horror movie is a movie made to scare the viewer. The main stories of horror movies often involve supernatural forces or characters of evil origin. Horror movies are often confused with thrillers, which are similar. Popular horror movie characters usually include monsters. Early horror movies often took ideas from classic literature, such as "The Mummy", "Dracula" and "The Wolf Man". Slasher movies. Slasher movies are a subgenre of horror movies. They are often also a type of thriller movie. Slasher movies normally have a psychopathic killer killing a sequence of people. This is usually in a very violent way. The genre may have been inspired by "giallo", a similar movie genre originating in Italy. While movies made as early as 1932 had aspects of slasher movies in them, the genre was not really defined until the late 1970s. The 1974 movie "Black Christmas" is considered the first slasher movie.. "Halloween" (1978), "Friday the 13th" (1980) and "Scream" (1996) did very well at the box office and showed that slasher movies could make lots of money. Psychological horror movies. Psychological horror movies are a subgenre of traditional horror movies which focuses more on the mental instability of its characters than on graphic violence, serial killers or monsters, for example. Most of the time this genre deal with the character's phobias, psychological traumas, paranoia, and etc. The genre often overlaps with psychological thriller as well. "Dead Silence" (2007), "The Shining" and "The Babadook" (2014), are some examples of psychological horror movies. Comedy horror movies. Those are movies which blends horror and comic elements in its plot. Unlike common, traditional horror movies, in this movie genre, the viewer may be scared and laugh at the same time. Most of time, the type of humour used in these movies is black comedy. Some examples includes "Zombieland" (2009), "The Raven" (1963), "Scary Movie" (2000), and "Shaun of the Dead" (2004).
Laurence Fishburne III (born July 30, 1961) is an American actor of movies and theater, playwright, director, and producer. He was nominated for the Oscar, and won the Emmy and Tony Awards. He is famous for his roles in successful movies like "Apocalypse Now" and "The Matrix". Fishburne was the first African-American actor to play Perry White in "Man of Steel". Fishburne was born in Augusta, Georgia and moved to Brooklyn, New York City during his childhood.
Marlene Dietrich ; (27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992) was a German-American actress, singer and entertainer. She was thought to have been the first German actress to become successful in Hollywood. In her long career, starting as a cabaret singer, chorus girl and movie actress in Berlin in the 1920s. She became a Hollywood movie star in the 1930s. She was a World War II entertainer at the front of war during the 1940s. Her final job was as an international theatre show performer from the 1950s to the 1970s. Dietrich became one of the most important movie icons of the 20th century. The American Film Institute ranked Dietrich No. 9 amongst the Greatest Female Stars of All Time. Dietrich was bisexual. She became an American citizen in 1937.
Northern Kurdistan (Kurdish: "Bakurê Kurdistanê" or "Kurdistanê Bakur") or Turkish Kurdistan, refers to the eastern and southeastern part of Turkey where Kurds are majority people. According to Kurdish Institute of Paris, the total population of region is 14,2 million in 2016 and according to several surveys, 86% of them are Kurds.  Demographics. In the first census of Turkey in 1927, Kurdish was the largest first language in the provinces of Ağrı (58%), Bitlis (75%), Diyarbakır (69%), Elazığ (53%), Hakkâri (89%), Mardin (61%), Siirt (74%, includes present-day Batman) and Van (77%). Moreover, Kurdish was the largest first language with a plurality in Şanlıurfa with 42%. 69% of the population in Muş Province had Kurdish as their first language in the census of 1935, the first census conducted there after the province was split from Bitlis earlier. Dersim's (Tunceli) language distribution is 69.5% Kurdish and Zaza in 1927. Bingöl Province was separated from Muş in 1935, while Tunceli Province was separated from Elazığ in 1936 and Kurdish was also the first language in these newly-established provinces in their first census in 1945 with 56% and 53%, respectively.
Mount Etna is a volcano on the east coast of Sicily, part of southern Italy. It is the largest active volcano in Europe. Mount Etna erupts every few years. Etna's most destructive eruption in historic times started on 11 March 1669. It produced lava flows that destroyed 10 villages and reached the town of Catania five weeks later, on 15 April. Many buildings were destroyed and few people were killed. Major twentieth century eruptions occurred in 1928, 1949, 1971, 1983 and 1992, as well as the 2001 eruption. In 1971, it buried the Etna Observatory (built in the late 19th century) under lava. The 1992 eruption saw the town of Zafferana threatened by a lava flow, but successful diversion efforts saved the town with the loss of only one building a few hundred metres outside it. In 2002–2003, the biggest series of eruptions for many years threw up a huge column of ash that could easily be seen from space and fell as far away as Libya, on the far side of the Mediterranean Sea. Seismic activity in this eruption caused the eastern flanks of the volcano to slip by up to two metres, and many houses on the flanks of the volcano were damaged. The eruption also destroyed the Rifugio Sapienza, a ski resort on the southern flank of the volcano.
The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), also called Rojava, is a self-governing area in northeastern Syria that is not officially recognized. It includes separate areas called cantons in Afrin, Jazira, Euphrates, Raqqa, Tabqa, Manbij, and Deir Ez-Zor. History. The region got self-rule in 2012 during the Syrian civil war. Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), the Rojava's armed force, has also been involved in the war. The region is not officially recognized as an independent entity by Assad's regime or any other national governments, except for the Parliament of Catalonia in Spain. It has widespread support for its democratic, sustainable, equal, and feminist laws.  Northeastern Syria is home to diverse ethnic groups including the Kurdish, Arabs and Assyrians, alongside smaller communities of Turkmen, Armenians, Circassians, and Yazidi people. Since 2016, Turkish and Turkish-backed forces have taken over parts of northwestern Syria from the SDF. AANES and its SDF have said they will protect all areas under their control from any attacks. Geography. The region is located west of the Tigris, east of the Euphrates, and south of the Turkish border. It borders Iraq to the southeast and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region to the northeast. The area is mostly flat with some low hills and a few mountains, including Mount Abdulaziz and part of the Sinjar Mountain Range. It includes parts of the al-Hasakah, Raqqa, Deir ez-Zor, and Aleppo governorates in Syria.
Eastern Kurdistan or Iranian Kurdistan is the part of Iran inhabited by Kurds, or the part of Kurdistan that is within Iran. Some of Iranian Kurdistan is in Iran's Kurdistan Province. Iranian Kurdistan is next to the Iraqi Kurdistan. Further to the west are Turkish Kurdistan and Syrian Kurdistan. Land. Eastern Kurdistan is the name for the western and north-western regions of Iran. Iranian Kurdistan is between the central Zagros Mountains and the north-western international border of Iran. The lands of Kurdistan Province, West Azarbaijan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province are part of Iranian Kurdistan. The lands in parts of Hamadan Province where people speak Kurdish are also a part of Kurdistan. The area of Iranian Kurdistan is more than . There are important rivers and forests and Kurdistan. At Kermanshah, there is an oil field. Lake Urmia is a salt lake that is the largest lake in Kurdistan. The mountains of Kurdistan have always been important for military strategy. The northern and central Zagros Mountains are where two important trade routes of the Silk Road economic system passed through Iran. The most common crops in all of Kurdistan are cereals and tobacco. The most common livestock in Kurdistan are domestic sheep. Farmers grow strawberries and other fruits in southern Iranian Kurdistan. Saqqez can be one of the coldest places in all Kurdistan. It can be in the winter at Saqqez. Population. Iran has the second-largest population of Kurds in the world. (Only Turkey has a larger Kurdish population.) Kurds are the third-largest ethnic group in Iran, and only the Persians and Azerbaijani people have larger populations. Iranian Kurdistan is next to Iran's international borders with Turkey, Armenia, and Iraq. There are different estimates of how many Kurds are in Iran. In the "Routledge Handbook on the Kurds", scholars write that there are about 7 million Kurds in Iran. The Kurdish population is about one tenth of Iran's whole population. In "The Kurds: An Encyclopedia", there scholars write that there are between eight and ten million Kurds in Iran. The Kurdish population is between 11% and 15% of Iran's whole population. Between five and seven million Kurds live in Iranian Kurdistan.
John George Terry (born 7 December 1980) is an English former football player and manager. Terry played as a defender. He was the captain for Chelsea in the English Premier League and Aston Villa in the EFL Championship. He was also a member of the England national team. He was a manager of Aston Villa from 2018 until 2021. Terry is known as one of the best defenders in the world. He was voted best defender in the UEFA Champions League in 2005. He was also the only English player to be named in the group of best players for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. He wears the number 26 shirt for Chelsea and the number 6 shirt for England. Terry missed the penalty which could have won the Champions League 2008. He slipped when he was taking the penalty, giving Manchester United the title. Career. Terry was a Chelsea Youth player. Before he became a defender he was a midfielder in 1992. To help Terry get some first team experience he was loaned out to Nottingham Forest in 2000 until 2002, when he came back to Chelsea. Personal life. Terry is married to his childhood sweetheart Toni Poole. She who supported him financially when he was a Chelsea F.C trainee. They married on 15 June 2007, in Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire. They have twins, Georgie and Summer, born in 2006. "England score listed first, score column indicates score after each Terry goal" Honours. Chelsea Individual
"Umbrella" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It features American rapper Jay-Z. It is the lead single from Rihanna's third studio album, "Good Girl Gone Bad". It was written by Jay-Z, Terius Nash and Christopher Stewart. It was released on March 29, 2007 as a single and digital download. It was very successful worldwide reaching number one in multiple countries. The song is 4 minutes and 35 seconds long. Background and single release. The songwriters of "Umbrella" offered the song to a number of labels before Rihanna finally accepted and recorded it. The song was first offered by Britney Spears but she turned it down. Although it was released officially on March 29, 2007, it was released in some parts of the United States on March 28. In the United Kingdom, the single was released as a digital download on May 14 and as a physical single on May 28. Music video. The music video for "Umbrella" was directed by Chris Applebaum on April 13, 2007. It premiered on April 26 at the thisisrihanna.com website. The video was released on May 11, and reached the number one spot for eight weeks. The video features Jay-Z rapping in the beginning while in a rain of sparks. Rihanna is then shown singing in a steamy place. In the first chorus, Rihanna walks around en pointe while in the rain. In the second verse, she is seen dancing with an umbrella in a different place. Later, she is painted silver and posing in several positions while nude. At the end of the video, Rihanna is again dancing with an umbrella while in a shower of sparks falling like rain. Remixes. A number of remixes were made for the song. Lil' Mama is featured in one remix. Chris Brown performed an answer song with different lyrics, called "Cinderella." Chart performance. "Umbrella" reached the number one spot in a number of countries. It topped the charts in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Poland, Austria, Belgium, Norway and Switzerland at the same
A British crown dependency is a special type of state. The head of state is the British monarch, who is represented by a Lieutenant-Governor. Each dependency has a parliament, government and prime minister to make all laws, except laws about defence and foreign affairs. Defence and foreign affairs are looked after by the British Government.  But the British government in London has no power in the dependencies, unless the government of the dependency agrees. British Overseas Territories, which were British colonies, also have a government, parliament and prime minister and can make laws, except laws about defence and foreign affairs; but they were created by the British government and can be taken over by the British government, without the agreement of the British Overseas Territory. The crown dependencies are
The Lieutenancies Act 1997 (1997 c. 23) is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. A Lord Lieutenant is the Queen's representative in a county or other area. The Lieutenancies Act sets out the areas in which Lords-Lieutenant work in Great Britain. It came into force on 1 July 1997.  These areas are usually called "ceremonial counties" or "preserved counties" in Wales. In Scotland a Statutory Instrument (rule written by a minister) defines the size of the lieutenancy. They are usually one local council area, but some council areas are too small or to large for one Lord Lieutenant.  For a list of the areas in England see Ceremonial counties of England
A meristem is a tissue in plants made of dividing cells. They are in parts of the plant where growth can take place. Plant cells which are differentiated generally cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is necessary to get new cells. This allows for the growth of tissues and new organs needed by the plant. Meristematic cells have the same function for plants as stem cells have for animals. They are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cell division. The cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain plastids (such as chloroplasts, but they are there in rudimentary form ('proplastids'). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall. Apical meristem. The apical meristem, or growing tip, is found in the buds and growing tips of roots in plants. It begins growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots (forming buds, among other things). Specifically, an active apical meristem lays down a growing root or shoot behind itself, pushing itself forward. Apical meristems are very small, compared to the cylinder-shaped lateral meristems. Primary meristems. Apical meristems may differentiate into three kinds of primary meristem: These meristems are responsible for primary growth, or an increase in length or height. Secondary meristems. These meristems cause secondary growth, or an increase in width. There are two types of secondary meristems:
The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem. It is the source of both the secondary xylem (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem (outwards), and is between these tissues in the stem and root. Only a few leaves even have a vascular cambium. Vascular cambium is a type of meristem - a tissue consisting of embryonic (not specialized) cells which can produce other (and more differentiated) plant tissues originate. Primary meristems are the apical meristems on root tips and shoot tips. Another lateral meristem is the cork cambium, which produces cork, part of the bark.