ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Capillary action means either of two things: Capillary action is a result of the surface tension of liquids.  An example of capillary action is what happens inside a drinking straw left in a cup of water. The force of adhesion which holds the water together and to the straw is a little stronger than gravity, so the water will rise inside the straw a little higher than the rest of the water. Another example is what happens when putting a sponge in a puddle of water. The little bubbles in the sponge work like many straws gathered together. When the sponge is dipped in water, the water starts to go into the holes, and the bubbles that are inside the sponge pull on the water that they touch. Capillary action also takes place inside the human body. For example, it removes tears from the eyes.
A drill is a tool for making round holes. Cutting a hole with a drill is called "drilling a hole""." A hole cut by a drill is a "drilled hole". A "rotary drill (cutter)" is the most common type of cutter. It functions by pressing a rotating cutter into the stock. The cutter on a drill can have one or more teeth, and the teeth are arranged to cut efficiently when the cutter is rotated about its axis. Almost all drills have a mechanism to rotate the cutter. Some very simple drills have no moving parts. They must be rotated manually by gripping a handle. Most drills use "drill bits". Drill bits are long, thin cutters with teeth at one end. The bits are held in the drill by a circular clamp called a "chuck". Because a single chuck can accept many different sizes of bits, different sizes and types of bits can be used in the same drill. Changing the bit in a chuck is fast and easy. The smallest drill bits look like needles, while the largest drill bits can be as big as a truck. Most drill bits are between a toothpick and a big marker in size. The end of the bit that attaches to the chuck is called the "shank." The shank provides a stable surface for the chuck to grip"." The cross section of the shank can be circular, triangular, or hexagonal. When drilling, it is possible for a circular shank to slip in the chuck. Triangular or hexagonal shanks cannot slip in the chuck, which is an advantage. Opposite the shank, the other end of the bit is called the "point". The cutting teeth are on the point. When the bit is pushed into material and spun, the sharp teeth of the bit cut off many "chips". A drill will cut a hole that is equal to the width of the cutter or bit. Because there is no extra space between the "body" of the bit and the sides of the hole, if the chips are not removed when drilling a deep hole the drill will jam. For this reason, many drill bits are shaped like spirals. The hollow paths in the spiral form a screw that carries the
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) uses three-letter abbreviation country codes to call each group of athletes that participate in the Olympic Games. Since 1952, the list of IOC country codes has changed as new countries were added. Sometimes the names of countries were changed. Some countries have had as many as four different codes. Historic NOCs and teams. Some of the National Olympic Committees no longer exist, such as Czechoslovakia, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, the USSR, the United Arab Republic, and the West Indies Federation. Codes still in use. Twelve historical NOCs or teams have codes that are still used in the IOC results database to refer to past medal winners from these teams.
Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29, 1970 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American movie actress. She is famous for her role in many movies. These include Quentin Tarantino's "Pulp Fiction" and "Kill Bill" and 2. Family. Thurman's mother, Nena von Schlebrügge, is a psychiatrist and former model. Her father, Robert Thurman, was a Professor of Buddhism. Her father is of German, English, Irish and Scottish descent. Her mother is of Swedish, Danish and German descent. Before her parents' marriage, her mother was married to Timothy Leary. One of her three brothers is Ganden Thurman, a Hollywood yoga guide.  Uma Thurman has three children. She has a daughter, actress Maya, and son from her second husband, Ethan Hawke and a daughter from her partner, Swiss businessperson Arpad Busson.
Jürgen Habermas (born June 18, 1929) is a German philosopher and sociologist, or someone who studies different societies. He uses a type of theory called critical theory, where he studies how people use power. He also uses the theory of American pragmatism, which studies if something is true or not by the effects of actions. He is known for his work on the theory of the public sphere. He studies power in democracy, and politics. He also studies how people develop a society through language and communication, and tries to understand how that society and the government work together. Biography. Habermas was born in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Education. Habermas lived in Gummersbach, near the city of Cologne until his graduation from gymnasium. Jürgen was raised in a Protestant religious family because his grandfather was in charge of the seminary, or religious school, in Gummersbach, Germany. Jürgen Habermas went to the universities of Göttingen (1949/50), Zürich (1950/51), and Bonn (1951/54). He earned a doctorate (PhD) from Bonn in 1954 with his work "" (The absolute and history: on the contradiction in Schelling's thought).  From 1956 on, he studied philosophy and sociology under the critical theorists Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. Because Horkheimer had asked Habermas to make some changes to his dissertation. Habermas did not want to do this, and thought that the Frankfurt School was not correct in its views of modern culture. Habermas left the Frankfurt School (a school of thought rather than one made of bricks and mortar). Works. He finished his "habilitation", or highest academic degree, in political science at the University of Marburg under the Marxist Wolfgang Abendroth. His "habilitation" work was entitled, "" (published in English in 1989 titled "The structural transformation of the public sphere: an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society"). In 196
Keyhole Markup Language is a file format for displaying data on maps. In the same way that a Web browser displays web pages written with HTML, KML draws data on maps like Google Maps and virtual globes like Google Earth. It is an international standard , maintained by the Open Geospatial Consortium . Google, the previous maintainers of the specification, have information on writing KML on their website.
Martinsburg is a city in West Virginia. It is the county seat of Berkeley County and with a 2020 population of 18,777, it is the seventh largest city in West Virginia as ranked by population. History. Martinsburg was founded in 1778, by General Adam Stephen and named in honor of Colonel Thomas Bryan Martin. It was incorporated by the West Virginia legislature on March 30, 1868. Commerce. Major employers in Martinsburg include Quad/Graphics, Ecolab, Orgill, Sino-Swearingin, FedEx, and Quebecor World. Government employers include the Internal Revenue Service, the 167th Airlift Wing of the Air National Guard, and the BATF. The now defunct Norwalk car company was located in Martinsburg.
Jacob is a figure in the Abrahamic religions. He was a patriarch of the Hebrew people, as told in the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the New Testament and the Qur'an. He was the ancestor of the tribes of Israel, which were named after his male children. He had 13 children, 12 sons and a daughter.  Jacob had an older brother, Esau. His mother was named Rebecca and his father named Isaac. According to the Talmud, immediately after Abraham died, Jacob prepared a lentil stew as a traditional mourner's meal for his father. The Hebrew Bible says that Esau, who was very hungry, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau called the dish, "that red, red stuff", which is why he is called Edom, ("`Edom", meaning "Red").) Jacob said, "If you give me your birthright I will give you some stew." Esau agreed. Soon, Issac became almost blind. Rebecca tricked Issac into giving Jacob the blessing. Jacob's brother got angry, so Rebecca sent Jacob away. Jacob works for his uncle Laban so he can marry his daughter Rachel. But he is tricked into marrying Leah, her older sister as well. He has children with both women, and with their concubines. He is very upset when his son Joseph is sold into slavery in Egypt by his brothers. Jacob moves to Egypt when there is a famine. He dies and is buried in Canaan.
EFE is a Spanish news agency. It was created in 1939 by Ramón Serrano Súñer and Manuel Aznar Zubigaray. Agencia EFE is a news agency that covers all areas of information in the news media of the press, radio, television and Internet. It distributes around three million news per year, thanks to its 3,000 journalists from 60 nationalities, operating 24/7 from more than 180 cities in 120 countries and with four editing tables in three continents: Madrid, Bogotá, Cairo (Arabic), and Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese).
The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was an industrial accident. It happened at a Union Carbide subsidiary pesticide plant in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. On the night of 2-3 December 1984, the plant released approximately 40 tons of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas. More than 500,000 people were exposed to toxic gases. The mixture of poisonous gases flooded the city. There was great panic as people woke up with a burning sensation in their lungs. Thousands died immediately from the effects of the gas. Many were trampled in the panic that followed. The first official immediate death toll was 3,598 in 1989. Another estimate is that 8,000 died within two weeks, and that 8,000 more have since died from gas-related diseases. The Bhopal disaster is frequently cited as the world's worst industrial disaster. The International Medical Commission on Bhopal was established in 1993 to respond to the long-term health effects of the disaster. The owner of the factory, UCIL, was majority owned by UCC, with Indian Government-controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1% stake. In 1989, UCC paid $470 million to settle litigation stemming from the disaster. In 1994, UCC sold its stake in UCIL to EverReady Industries India Limited, which later merged with McLeod Russel (India) Ltd. Eveready ended clean-up on the site in 1998, when it ended its 99-year lease and turned over control of the site to the state government of Madhya Pradesh. Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001, seventeen years after the disaster. History. In the 1970s, the Indian government encouraged foreign companies to invest in the local industry. Union Carbide Corporation was asked to build a plant for the manufacture of Sevin, a pesticide commonly used throughout Asia. As part of the deal, India's government insisted that a significant percentage of the investment come from local shareholders. The government itself had a 22% stake in the company's subsidiary, Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL
Dadaism is an avant-garde intellectual movement. It started around the time of the First World War. Although not at first an art movement,p60/61 it did influence art greatly for a time.  History. The movement, formed in Zurich, Switzerland, was heavily influenced by the war in Europe. Its artists rejected modern capitalist society. They used nonsense and protest in their works. Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence, war, and nationalism, and were close to the radical far-left. The whole point behind Dadaism was to prove that anything could be art if the artist declared it to be. This was to prove that if everything could be art, then nothing could be art. This outraged many artists as Dadaism deemed their labour intensive artworks meaningless.  The art of the movement spanned visual, literary, and sound media, including collage, sound poetry, cut-up writing, and sculpture. Influence. Its peak was 1916 to 1922, and it influenced surrealism, pop art, and punk rock. It went against the standards of society. Followers of Dadaism included Antonin Artaud, Max Ernst, and Salvador Dali. A later version, called "Neo-Dada", arose in the 1960s. Dadaism began in central Europe, in Berlin and Zurich. Dadaism moved to Paris with Tristan Tzara. Tzara would go on to 'lead' the dadaists of Paris such as as Man Ray, Jean Cocteau, and Marcel Duchamp.  Dadaism is also closely associated with the concepts of the grotesque, the absurd, and the macabre. The idea of ridiculing the absurdity of existence has its expression in the dramatic art of Samuel Beckett and the so called school of Paris, which included Arthur Adamov, Jean Genet, and Eugene O'Neill. The word "Dada" may be an allusion to an infant's first words, such as "Mama". No one knows who invented the name, but there is some historical evidence which says that Tzara picked it out at random from a German-French dictionary, since "Dada" means "hobbyhorse" in French. A hobbyhorse is a long stick with a toy horse head attached which a child can hold in front of them to pretend they are riding a horse. Still, the source of the name is not widely agreed upon.
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French, Russian and Belgian origin. The movement rejected realism and naturalism, and included poetry and other arts. Symbolists believed that art should represent absolute truths that could only be described indirectly. In literature, the style started with the publication "Les Fleurs du mal" ("The Flowers of Evil", 1857) by Charles Baudelaire. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire admired greatly and translated into French, were a significant influence; It was also the source of many tropes and images. Symbolism in art is related to the gothic component of Romanticism. Origin of the name: The name "symbolist" was first used (1886) by the critic Jean Moréas; He invented that name to make a distinguish between symbolists and (other) people from styles of literature and art, that are similar. Painting and other visual arts. Those "painters who are truly representative of the ... aesthetic ideals" of symbolism includes Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, according to Britannica.com. The ""Vision after the Sermon" (1888, picture), is a Paul Gauguin painting that was done "in the Synthetic style that he developed" in Brittany with Émile Bernard; The picture had influence (of significance) on the aesthetic in works by "the group of artists known as the the Nabis". The group Salon de la Rose + Croix had (shows or) exhibitions that showed symbolist paintings. Some of the most influential paintings at those shows, were done by Arnold Böcklin, Fernand Khnopff, Ferdinand Hodler, Jan Toorop, Gaetano Previati, Jean Delville, Carlos Schwabe, and Charles Filiger. The six shows were held between 1892 and 1896. There were several groups of Symbolist painters and visual artists, including Gustave Moreau, Gustav Klimt, Odilon Redon, Henri Fantin-Latour, Gaston Bussière, Edvard Munch, Félicien Rops, and Jan Toorop
Rationality is the state that exists when reason is used. It's also related to moderation in some contexts and sensibility in others. When a person is reasonable or rational they are using all available information to make a decision, and whether their decision can be judged as rational or reasonable depends on the reasons they made it. If they believe that the most important factor in any decision is how they will personally benefit, then self-interested or even selfish behavior would be rational. But if they believe that benefiting a group of people is more important than benefiting just one person, then purely selfish behavior is irrational. Determinations of rationality depend on context, the background information and assumptions.
Corruption is a system that starts out good but somehow goes wrong. The word comes from a Latin word meaning "Rotting". Corruption could be a government doing what they say is good, but instead oppress people, or an official doing something wrong. A text that is miscopied, or computer file or computer program which malfunctions or becomes infected with a computer virus, may be called "corrupt". It may also mean an abuse of power, usually for a personal benefit.  Sometimes the term just means bribery.
Oppression is when a person or group of people who have power use it in a way that is not fair, unjust or cruel. It can also describe the feeling of people who are oppressed. Oppressive governments can lead to a rebellion. Racism, sexism and other discrimination and prejudices can cause oppression, especially if laws are made based on them. Anarchists say that all government, police and laws are oppressive. This is because they stop people from doing whatever they want to. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the idea of human rights in general, is meant to stop oppression.
A meritocracy is the condition where people who deserve to can go up in rank, as opposed to a system like nepotism. It applies generally to all positions to which people may be appointed. It is often reinforced by laws, such as that women should have equal opportunities to men in employment. The philosopher Plato thought that a government based on merit was better than democracy. In democracy, there is no guarantee that you will get the best person, the most qualified person, ruling the state. His criticisms were really of Athenian (or direct) democracy, where anyone could be selected to rule. In a meritocracy, the people are chosen who are thought to be the best. Some have accused it of being elitist, saying that government by the best will mean that only those who have had the right opportunities will have a chance to govern, creating in effect a ruling class. It is worth pointing out that Plato did not see it this way. He believed that philosophers were the best people to rule because they were "disinterested", meaning they only had the interests of the state in mind, not their own interest. Plato's point was this: if you want to rule, then it will go wrong, because power will corrupt you. If you are a philosopher, you don't care about power all you care about is truth, so you will rule well, without being interested in your power or status.
Nepotism is when a person in authority gives jobs to their relatives. It comes from the practice of mediaeval Popes, appointing their nephews to important positions. "Nepote" is Italian for 'nephew'. For instance, Pope Callixtus III, head of the Borgia family, made two of his nephews cardinals; one of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a cardinal as a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming Pope Alexander VI. Alexander then elevated Alessandro Farnese, his mistress's brother, to cardinal; Farnese would later go on to become Pope Paul III. Paul III was a notorious nepotist. When elected Pope in 1534 he appointed two nephews, aged 14 and 16, as cardinals.  The practice was finally ended when Pope Innocent XII issued the bull "Romanum decet Pontificem", in 1692. The papal bull prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a cardinal. In the modern world, nepotism is thought to be wrong, and conflicts with the principle of merit, where the best person gets the job (meritocracy). The argument against the widespread nepotism in countries like Italy is that it damages the economy of the country, though that is difficult to prove.
A mindset is a state that usually a majority of people would have in a particular time or occasion. It is formed from things that people are convinced about. It is like a collected norm. Mindset can also be about how people see their abilities. In this sense, people have two types of mindsets: fixed and growth mindsets. Psychologist Carol Dweck explains that students with fixed mindset believe their basic abilities, their intelligence, their talents, are just fixed characteristics. They have a certain amount and they improve, and then their goal becomes to look smart all the time and never look dumb. In a growth mindset students understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and working hard. They don't necessarily think everyone's the same or anyone can be Einstein, but they believe everyone can get smarter if they work at it.
An existential crisis is the feeling that is experienced when thinking about life itself being without any meaning at all. It also happens when the thinking involves a person's own death while all alone with anxiety, fear, solitude and possibly miserable.
Philosophy of mind is one part of philosophy that works with the mind. It is about thinking how the mind works, and how it relates to the world. It also deals with consciousness, which is also researched in psychology and physics. Mind-body problem. The mind-body problem is the main problem that is talked about in philosophy of mind. It is the problem of how our minds and our bodies are related, and what exactly the mind is. Many different answers have been come up with to solve the mind-body problem. Most of them fall into the two groups of dualism and monism.  Dualism as an answer to the mind-body problem. Dualism is the belief that minds and bodies are separate things. One of the main dualist views comes from René Descartes and is named Cartesian dualism, or substance dualism. Descartes thought that minds and bodies were two completely different substances (like matter) in the world. He argued that consciousness was different from the brain. One reason to believe dualism is that when you ask most people what the mind is, they would say it is their personality or their soul. They would almost certainly deny that the mind simply is the brain, or vice versa, finding the idea that there is just one "ontological" thing at play to be too machine-like. Mental events have a subjective quality, whereas physical events do not. So, for example, one can ask what a blue sky looks like, or what nice music sounds like to a person. But it is odd, to ask what an increase in chemicals in your brain feels like. These subjective aspects of mental events are called "qualia" by philosophers.  But if it is true that the mind can exist without the brain, dualists must explain how a non-physical mind can affect physical reality. This remains a problem for dualism. Monism as an answer to the mind-body problem. Monism is the opposite of dualism because it is the belief that minds and bodies are not separate things. Many monist views are called materialism because they think that minds are not anything different from matter just like bodies. In the early 20th century, a popular answer was behaviorism
Jamaican English may mean: Jamaican Patois Jamaican English is a variety of English spoken in Jamaica. It uses parts of both American and British English. A simple example of this would be "Ku pon dis mama, dis yah mon yah'ead nuh good, truss mi." Which would mean "Look at this mom, this man is crazy, trust me."
A human powered aircraft is an aircraft that is powered entirely or partly by the pilot(s). Several human powered aircraft have been constructed in the past 30 years for recreation or to win prizes. Designing a successful human-powered aircraft is difficult because a very large power to weight ratio must be achieved. This has been the reason why many of these aircraft use advanced composite materials in their construction. There are human-powered aircraft being designed and made now. One aircraft is being built by Virginia Tech University named the Iron Butterfly. Another one is being built by the Pennsylvania State University named the Zephyrus.