ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Allier () is a river in central France, left tributary of the Loire River. It flows through several regions. The Allier department is named after this river. In Ancient Rome, the river was named "Elaver". Geography. The Allier river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Cuffy in the Cher department. Course. The source of the Allier is in the mountainous region of "Margeride", part of the Massif Central, on the mountain "Moure de la Gardille" in the Chasseradès municipality, Lozère department. The source is at an altitude of about . The Allier flows, in general, to the north and passes through the following regions, departments and "communes": Finally, it flows, as a left tributary into the Loire river at the "bec d'Allier" ("beak of the Allier"), near the city of Nevers, in the limits between the Cher and Nièvre departments in the towns of Marzy, Cuffy and Gimouille, at of altitude. Main tributaries. The main tributaries, with a length greater than , of the Allier are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries:
A blockade runner is usually a lighter-weight ship used for slipping past a naval blockade of a port or strait. This is not the same as ships used to challenge the blocking ships to break the blockade. Very often blockade running is done in order to bring food or arms to a blockaded city. In other cases the blockade runners would carry mail in an attempt to communicate with the outside world. Carrying trade goods from blockaded ports is another function. Operations. Blockade runners are often the fastest ships available. They are usually lightly armed and armored. Their operations are quite risky since blockading fleets would not hesitate to fire on them. However, the potential profits (economically or militarily) from a successful blockade run are tremendous. Blockade-runners typically had excellent crews. Although similar to smugglers, blockade-runners are often operated by state's navies as part of the regular naval fleet. Notable users of blockade runners include the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and Germany during both World War One and World War Two.
The Iceman is a 2013 American crime drama thriller movie directed by Ariel Vernon. It is about the killing spree of contract killer Richard Kuklinski and mob boss Roy DeMeo. It stars Michael Shannon, Winona Ryder, Ray Liotta, Chris Evans, James Franco, and David Schwimmer. It is set during the 1960s and 1970s in New York City and New Jersey. It was released to mostly positive reviews on a limited release on May 3, 2013.
Per-Ingvar Brånemark (May 3, 1929 – December 20, 2014) was a Swedish orthopedic surgeon and research professor. He was called the "father of modern dental implantology". The "Brånemark Osseointegration Center" (BOC), named after its founder, was founded in 1989 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Brånemark died at the age of 85 in Gothenburg.
Herbert Eugene Harris, II (April 14, 1926 – December 24, 2014) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia. His district included part of Fairfax County. He served as a representative from 1975 through 1981. Harris died on December 24, 2014 at his house on Fairfax County, Virginia, aged 88.
Merrill Womach (February 7, 1927 – December 28, 2014) was an American undertaker, organist and gospel singer. He was known for founding National Music Service (now Global Distribution Network, Inc.), which provided recorded music to funeral homes across America, and for surviving a plane crash in Beaver Marsh, Oregon. It left him disfigured with third degree burns on his hands and his entire head. Womach died in his sleep on December 28, 2014 in his birthplace Spokane, Washington.
Marian Jurczyk (16 October 1935 - 30 December 2014) was a Polish politician and Solidarity trade union activist. He served as Mayor of Szczecin from 1998 through 2000 and from 2002 through 2006. He was born in Karczewice, Second Polish Republic. Jurczyk died in Szczecin, Poland, aged 79.
Walter "Cata" Roque (8 May 1937 – 30 December 2014) was a Uruguayan-born Venezuelan footballer and entertainer. He played for the Uruguay national team. During his later career he coached the Venezuela national team. Roque was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. Roque died in Caracas, Venezuela, aged 77.
Brigadier Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington (2 July 1915 – 31 December 2014), styled Marquess of Douro between 1943 and 1972, was a senior British peer and a brigadier in the British Army. His main residence was Stratfield Saye House in Hampshire. He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford. He was a member of the House of Lords from 1972 until 1999, losing his seat by the House of Lords Act. The 8th Duke died at the age of 99 at his home in Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire, England.
Franc Veliu (born 11 November 1988 in Vlorë) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays mainly as a defender for Kosovan club Gjilani and the Albania national team.
Edward Kirk Herrmann (July 21, 1943 – December 31, 2014) was an American actor of movies and television, television director, narrator, and screenwriter. He won a Tony Award in 1976 and an Emmy Award in 1999. Herrman was born in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. He studied at Bucknell University and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. His career began in 1971. He was known for playing Franklin D. Roosevelt on several movies and television shows. He played President Roosevelt in "Annie". He was also known for his role as Richard Gilmore on the television series "Gilmore Girls".  He also narrated several shows on PBS, Nova, and the History Channel. His last role before his death in 2014, was as a narrator for a television commercial in 2013 Martin Scorsese's "The Wolf of Wall Street".  Hermann died on December 31, 2014 of brain cancer, at the age of 71 in New York City.
Menachem Begin (16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician. Originally a Zionist activist in Eastern Europe, he later became Prime Minister of Israel.  In 1941 he joined the Free Polish army. This is how he arrived in Mandatory Palestine in 1942. In 1942, Begin joined the Irgun, a Zionist-Jewish paramilitary organisation, which was labelled as a terrorist organization in the 1940s. From 1943 to 1948 he was commander of the Irgun. He was the founder of the Israeli political party Likud. He was the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. Begin’s most significant acts as Prime Minister include officially declaring Jerusalem the capital of Israel, imposing Israeli law on the Golan Heights, destroying Saddam Hussein's nuclear reactor in Iraq, controversially leading Israel through the early stages of the 1982 Lebanon War, and most famously, signing the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. For that treaty, Begin and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Peace Prize. Begin resigned as Prime Minister in October 1983. He died on 9 March 1992 after a heart attack. He was buried on the Mount of Olives.
William T. Woodson (July 16, 1917 – February 22, 2017) was an American voice actor. He was best known for his narration of the radio series "This is Your FBI" and the animated series "Super Friends" and all its spin-offs.
Walter Frederick George Williams (8 October 1928 – 30 March 2018), better known by the stage name Bill Maynard, was an English comedian and actor. He was born in Heath End, Surrey, England. He was known for his role as Claude Jeremiah Greengrass in the television series "Heartbeat". Maynard died at a Leicestershire hospital of complications from a fall on 30 March 2018 at the age of 89.
Eddie Large (25 June 1941 – 2 April 2020) was the stage name of Edward Hugh McGinnis, a British comedian. He was best known as a part of the double act Little and Large, with Syd Little. They starred in the very popular British comedy series "The Little and Large Show". Early life. Large was born Edward Hugh McGinnis in Glasgow in 1941. His father Teddy served as a Petty Officer in the Royal Navy during World War II and after he returned from the war the family moved to a tenement in Oatlands. When he was nine years old the family moved again to Manchester, where he attended Claremont Road Primary School and a grammar school. Personal life. After being in hospital in March 2002 with kidney trouble, he underwent a heart transplant at Papworth Hospital, Cambridge in 2003. He recovered fully. Large was hospitalised for weeks in late 2013 after tripping over a road sign near his Portishead, Somerset home. Large died on 2 April 2020 of COVID-19 at a hospital in Bristol at the age of 78.
Arthur Clifford "Cliff" Michelmore (11 December 1919 – 16 March 2016) was an English television presenter and producer. He was best known for the BBC television programme "Tonight", which he presented from 1957 to 1965. Michelmore died on 16 March 2016 in a hospital in Hampshire, England at the age of 96.
Martin David Crowe (22 September 1962 – 3 March 2016) was a New Zealand cricketer, commentator and author. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1985, and was thought as one of the "best young batsmen in the world". A right-handed batsman, Crowe represented New Zealand from the early 1980s until his retirement in 1996. His cousin is actor Russell Crowe. In 2012, Crowe announced that he is suffering from lymphoma. In 2013, he said that the cancer has disappeared. In 2014 however, Crowe announced that the lymphoma had returned and said that his chances of survival beyond a year were less than 5% and also of his wish to see the 2015 Cricket World Cup in February and March 2015. Crowe died from complications of lymphoma in Auckland, New Zealand on 3 March 2016 at the age of 53.
Ken Kercheval (July 15, 1935 – April 21, 2019) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Cliff Barnes on the 1980s television series "Dallas" and its 2012 revival. Kercheval died of pneumonia in Clinton, Indiana on April 21, 2019 at the age of 83. Kercheval is buried at Pisgah cemetery in Helt township, Vermillion county, Indiana.
Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (21 May 1934 – 7 July 2024) was a Swedish biochemist. He shared with Sune K. Bergström and John R. Vane the 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discoveries about prostaglandins and related substances. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988. Samuelsson died on 7 July 2024 in Mölle, Sweden from heart disease at the age of 90.
Georges Jean Franz Köhler (17 April 1946 – 1 March 1995) was a German biologist. Köhler won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with César Milstein and Niels Kaj Jerne in 1984. He is known for his work on the immune system and the production of monoclonal antibodies. He studies at and later professor of University of Freiburg and was member of Max Plank Society for Imnobiology.
Erwin Neher (; ; born 20 March 1944) is a German biophysicist. His works focused on cell physiology. In 1991, with Bert Sakmann, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells". He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.
Bert Sakmann (born 12 June 1942) is a German cell physiologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Erwin Neher in 1991 for their work on "the function of single ion channels in cells loop," and the invention of the patch clamp.  Sakmann was born in Stuttgart.  He was Professor at Heidelberg University and is an Emeritus Scientific Member of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. He has also worked with research group at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1992.
Edmond Henri Fischer (April 6, 1920 – August 27, 2021) was a Swiss-born American biochemist. He and his partner Edwin G. Krebs were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for their works on phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes. From 2007 until 2014, he was the Honorary President of the World Cultural Council. Fischer died on August 27, 2021 in Seattle, Washington at the age of 101.
Sir Peter Mansfield FRS, (9 October 1933 – 8 February 2017) was an English physicist. He was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He shared with Paul Lauterbur. He was known for his discoveries concerning Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Mansfield was a professor at the University of Nottingham. Personal life. Mansfield was born in Lambeth, London. He studied at Queen Mary College, London. Mansfield graduated with a BSc from Queen Mary's in 1959. Mansfield died in Nottingham, England on 8 February 2017, aged 83.
Thomas Christian Südhof (born December 22, 1955), is a German-American biochemist. He is known for his study of synaptic transmission. Südhof, James Rothman and Randy Schekman won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on vesicle trafficking.
John O'Keefe, FRS FMedSci (born November 18, 1939) is an American-British neuroscientist. He is a professor at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour and the Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at University College London. He is one of the most notable alumni of City College of New York. Biography. O'Keefe is known for his discovery of place cells in the hippocampus. He discovered that they show a kind of coding for places. This is a positioning system, an “inner GPS” in the brain that makes it possible to orient ourselves in space. In 2014, he received the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience "for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition", together with Brenda Milner and Marcus Raichle. He shared the one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 with May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser, who shared the other half jointly. O’Keefe and his student Jonathan Dostrovsky discovered place cells by systematically analyzing the environmental factors influencing the firing properties of individual hippocampal neurons. Publications. His many publications on place cells have been highly cited. In addition, he published an influential book with Lynn Nadel, proposing the functional role of the hippocampus as a cognitive map for spatial memory function. In extensions of his work, place cells have been analyzed experimentally or simulated in models in hundreds of papers.
Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier (20 November 1841 – 17 February 1919), known as Wilfrid Laurier (; ), was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911.
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920. He was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office. After retiring from public life, he served as the chancellor of Queen's University. His portrait appears on Canadian $100 bills produced since 1976.
Arthur Meighen (; 16 June 1874 – 5 August 1960) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Canada, in office from July 1920 to December 1921 and again as the twelfth prime minister from June to September 1926.
William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950), also commonly known as Mackenzie King, was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He is known for having led Canada through the Second World War. He served as the eleventh, thirteenth, and fifteenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948. A Liberal with 22 non-consecutive years in office, he was the longest-serving Prime Minister in Canadian history. King died on July 22, 1950, at Kingsmere from pneumonia, aged 75. He is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto.
Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett, (3 July 1870 – 26 June 1947), was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician. He was the fourteenth prime minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935.
Louis Stephen St. Laurent ("Saint-Laurent" or "St-Laurent" in French, baptized Louis-Étienne St-Laurent; 1 February 1882 – 25 July 1973) was the sixteenth prime minister of Canada, from 15 November 1948 to 21 June 1957.
John George Diefenbaker (September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was the seventeenth Prime Minister of Canada from June 21, 1957 to April 22, 1963. Diefenbaker was known for his passing laws meant to reduce racial discrimination.
Pope Boniface VI (; 806 – April 896) was the bishop of Rome. He was Pope of the Papal States in April 896. He was from Rome. His election came about as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus. After reigning as pope for fifteen days, he is said by some to have died of the gout. John IX, in 898, said that his election was null and void.
Pope Clement VI (; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope.  Clement reigned during the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he said all who died of the plague would not go to hell.
Pope Clement X (born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri; 13 July 1590 – 22 July 1676) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 April 1670 to his death on 22 July 1676. He was elected pope at age 79, making him the oldest person to have been elected pope. Emilio Bonaventura Altieri was born in Rome in 1590. As Pope, he canonized and beatified many saints, supported good relations between Christian countries, and made efforts to preserve the Altieri family name by adopting the Paoluzzi family.  He also created a new tax in Rome, which led to problems with ambassadors and cardinals. During his pontificate, he created 20 cardinals, including Pietro Francesco Orsini, who later became Pope Benedict XIII. Pope Clement X had the two fountains located in St. Peter's Square built near the tribune, where a monument has been built in his memory. During his papacy, the Palazzo Altieri in central Rome was fixed. On 22 July 1676, Clement X died from problems caused by gout at the age of 86. His tomb is in St. Peter's Basilica.
Pope Formosus (896) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 6 October 891 to his death. His reign as pope was troubled, marked by power struggles over the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Kingdom of West Francia, and the Holy Roman Empire. Papacy. During his papacy, Formosus also had to side with the Saracens, who were attacking Lazio. On 4 April 896, Formosus died. He was replaced by Boniface VI, whose papacy lasted 15 days. Trial. He sided with Arnulf of Carinthia against Lambert of Spoleto. He was accused of perjury and was put on trial. As a result, Formosus's remains were exhumed and put on trial in the Cadaver Synod. He was found guilty and his body was buried many times at a nearby river.
Pope Martin V (born Oddone Colonna, January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431) was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election ended the Western Schism, a split in the Catholic Church where multiple men claimed to be the rightful pope. Early life. Oddone Colonna was born in Genazzano, a town in the Papal States. He came from a noble family and joined the church at an early age. In 1405, he was made a cardinal by Pope Innocent VII. Papacy. Martin V was elected pope by the Council of Constance in 1417. This council was called to end the Western Schism, which had divided the Church for nearly 40 years. Death. Pope Martin V died on 20 February 1431 in Rome after a 14-year papacy. He is remembered for ending the Western Schism and helping to restore order to the Catholic Church.
Pope Stephen VI (; died August 897) was the bishop of Rome. He was Pope of the Papal States from 22 May 896 to his death. He is best known for fighting the Cadaver Synod, which ultimately led to his downfall and death. Stephen VI was strangled to death by protesters.
Omar Abdul Hamid Karami (‎; 7 September 1934 – 1 January 2015) was a Lebanese politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Lebanon twice: from 24 December 1990 to 13 May 1992 and from 26 October 2004 to 19 April 2005. Karami was born in An Nouri, near Tripoli, French Mandate of Lebanon to a Muslim family. He studied at Cairo University in Cairo, Egypt. His son, Faisal, also became a politician. Karami died after a long illness on 1 January 2015 in Beirut, aged 80.
Megan Jennifer Connolly (9 April 1974 – 6 September 2001) was an Australian actress. She was best known for her role as Rebecca Nash, replacing Belinda Emmett, in the television series "Home and Away". She also appeared in other television productions such as "Paradise Beach". In 1990, she starred in the movie "The Crossing" with Russell Crowe. She later became a television announcer. Connolly was born in New South Wales and was of Irish ancestry. Connolly died from a heroin overdose on 6 September 2001, aged 27.
A stitching awl is a simple tool to punch holes in leather or other material. It can also be used to make holes larger.  The awl is used for sewing leather or canvas. It has a thin, tapered metal shaft, coming to a sharp point, either straight or slightly bent. These shafts usually have an eye piercing at the pointed end. This helps to draw thread through holes for lock stitch sewing by hand. They are also called sewing awls.
Zbečník is a village in north-eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is approximately from the border with Poland. It is long and is part of the town of Hronov. The oldest known written evidence of Zbečník dates to the 15th century. It mentions a fortress of Quicken on a hill above Zbečník. Geography. Zbečník is along the main road through the Zbečník stream valley. It is next to the town of Hronov, to the east. The stream flows through the village and joins the river Metuje at Hronov. To the north of the village is a mountain called Maternice. It rises above sea level. On this mountain is a source of drinking water called Skalákova studánka. In the early 19th century there were attempts to mine coal on Maternice mountain. Because of the poor quality of the coal all mining was discontinued. Climate. As Zbečník is in a valley. It experiences greater climatic extremes than nearby towns and villages. It is prone to colder winter temperatures, dropping to to and hottest summer days up to to .