ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Raymond Louis Specht (July 19, 1924 – February 13, 2021) was an Australian plant ecologist, conservationist and academic, who participated in the Arnhem Land Scientific Expedition of 1948. Early life. Raymond Louis Specht was born in 1924 in Adelaide, South Australia to Louis and Harriet Specht. He attended Richmond Primary School and Adelaide High School, finishing high school as dux in 1941. Specht intended to pursue teaching as a career. In 1942 he was a student teacher in physics, chemistry and mathematics at Riverton High School. After attending a short course in teaching at the University of Adelaide, he enrolled in Adelaide Teachers College studying biology in 1943. He combined this with studies at the University of Adelaide, and ultimately took his BSc in botany and zoology in 1945 before taking first class honours in plant ecology in 1946. Arnhem Land Scientific Expedition. Specht was invited to join the National Geographic Society and Smithsonian Institution sponsored Arnhem Land Scientific Expedition in 1946. After completing his Honours project he and the 15 other members of the group set out from Adelaide in March 1948. As the botanist for the group, Specht would spend 8 months with the team, collecting 25 tonnes of specimens. After the expedition ended, Specht and his specimens flew to Brisbane in 1949 where the collected materials were identified and prepared for distribution around the world. Materials were sent to six herbaria within Australia, to Kew in England, the Rijksmuseum in Leiden, the Smithsonian Institution and Arnold Arboretum in the U.S. Specht returned to Adelaide and worked steadily on recording the materials recovered from the expedition over the next 14 years. The results of this would become Volume 3 of the Expedition, Botany and plant ecology (1958), co-edited with Charles P. Mountford. He also edited Volume 4 entitled Zoology (1964). Specht worked as a senior research fellow at the University of Adelaide from 1950 while he worked on his MSc. He was appointed a lecturer
The Indian mackerel ("Rastrelliger kanagurta") is a species of mackerel in the scombrid family (family Scombridae) of order Perciformes. It is commonly found in the Indian and West Pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas. It is an important food fish and is commonly used in South and South-East Asian cuisine. It is the ""National fish of India"." It is known by various names, such as 'Kembung' in Indonesia, "Bangda"(बांगडा) in Marathi, "Aiyla"(അയല, ഐല) in Malayalam, "Kumula" (குமுளா) or "Kanaangeluthi" (கானாங்கெளுத்தி) in Tamil and "Bangude" (ಬಂಗುಡೆ) in Tulu, Konkani and Kannada.
Lebensraum means "Living Space" in German. It is especially associated with Nazi Germany and Hitler's desire to expand the country. This belief led to the Invasion of Poland (1939) and Germany's conquering of the Sudentenland. On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, an invasion of the Soviet Union. One of the goals for the operation was achieving Lebensraum.
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones made in our adrenal glands. They bind to cell receptors. Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism.  GCs are part of the feedback system for the immune system. They do things like reducing inflammation. They stimulate the creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbons, such as proteins.  They are important in foetal development, promoting the maturing of the lungs, and are essential for brain development.  More details. Glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor on cells. The newly formed complex moves into the cell nucleus, where it binds to a region on the target genes. This regulates gene expression. This process is referred to as transcriptional activation, or transactivation. The proteins encoded by these up-regulated genes have a wide range of effects, including, for example: A variety of synthetic glucocortisoids have been developed for medical use. In addition to the above two purposes, glucocorticoids play important roles in foetal development, and body fluid homeostasis.
A rational function is a polynomial divided by a polynomial. formula_1 is a rational function. An asymptote is a line that a curve gets closer and closer to touching but never does.
An alphanumeric code is one made only of letters and numbers. However, humans can make mistakes, so the code is used so as to cut out common mistakes. Letters and numbers can be misread. The letters I, O and Q are similar to the numbers 1 and 0.  "Merriam-Webster dictionary" suggests that the term "alphanumeric" may often additionally refer to other symbols, such as punctuation and mathematical symbols. This opens up a whole range of other possibilities, and a whole range of other confusions. It is not the usual way the term 'alphanumeric' is used. The "Shorter Oxford English Dictionary" defines the term as given above in our first line (though not quite in the same words). Lastly, it is usual for alphanumeric codes to be "case insensitive", which means it does not matter whether you write them in upper case (capital letters) or lower case (small letters).
Sarah Lincoln Grigsby (February 10, 1807January 20, 1828) was the older sister of Abraham Lincoln, who was later president. Birth and family. Sarah Lincoln was born in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, on February 10, 1807. On February 12, 1809, her younger brother Abraham Lincoln was born. A third sibling, brother Thomas "Tommy", lived for only about three days in 1812. On October 5, 1818, her mother died of milk sickness, as there was no cure for the disease. For six months, they lived alone. Her father remarried to Sarah Bush Johnson, who cared for them as their stepmother. Marriage and death. In August 1826, Sarah Lincoln married Aaron Grigsby (1801 - 1831). Sarah became pregnant in 1827. On January 20, 1828, she died while giving birth to her first child, a stillborn boy. When her brother Abraham Lincoln heard of her death, his body shook with sobs.
Chocoladefabriken Lindt &amp; Sprüngli AG, more commonly known as Lindt, is a Swiss chocolate and confectionery company. It was founded in 1845 and known for its chocolate truffles and chocolate bars, among other sweets.
A Reuleaux triangle is a shape made when three circles cross. It looks like a triangle with round sides and pointed corners. To make one, first draw two dots. Then put a compass on the two dots and draw a circle. Do the same thing again, this time with the other dot as the middle of the circle. Choose either the top or bottom points of the connecting circles as a new center, using the two drawn dots as the edge, and draw the third circle. If "a" is how wide the Reuleaux triangle is, the area is formula_1. The perimeter is formula_2. A Reuleaux polygon is a shape like the Reuleaux triangle with an odd number of sides. A Reuleaux tetrahedron is made when four spheres cross. It looks like a Reuleaux triangle as a pyramid with three sides at the bottom.
Nathaniel Fillmore Jr. (April 19, 1771 – March 28, 1863) was an American farmer and the father of Millard Fillmore, the 13th President of the United States. Biography. Nathaniel Fillmore Jr. was born on April 19, 1771 in Bennington, Bennington County, Vermont, the son of Nathaniel Fillmore Sr. (1739–1814), a native and soldier during the American Revolution, and his wife, Hepzibah Wood (1747–1783). Nathaniel Fillmore Sr. was the son of John Fillmore Jr. (1702–1777), a ship's captain, who was the son of John Fillmore Sr. (1676–1712), a native and mariner. Career. After his marriage, Fillmore began farming in Vermont. Shortly thereafter, Nathaniel and his brother Calvin Fillmore were approached by land agents offering tracts in New York state. Unhappy with trying to make the stony ground of their Vermont land productive, they quickly grabbed the opportunity and moved to western New York, sight unseen. According to biographers of Millard Fillmore, "The Fillmore brothers moved their two families to their new homeland nestled deep within a timber-laden forest. Location was not their greatest problem. Nor was the dense clay they unearthed once the land was cleared. Their greatest setback came with the realization that faulty surveying coupled with corrupt local government officials had left them with virtually nothing. Duped, tired, and poor, Nathaniel eventually became a tenant farmer while occasionally teaching school, working the soil for landlords and taking their charity when necessary to survive. Over time, Nathaniel Fillmore's fortunes changed; he became prominent enough while living in Niles, New York that he served as a justice of the peace for eleven years. He eventually purchased a farm in East Aurora, New York which he developed into a productive enterprise. He died there in 1863, and was buried at East Aurora Cemetery. Historians have credited his wife, Phoebe, for convincing her husband to secure a clerk’s position for Millard in the office of their landlord
Henry Cary, Jr. (Mid to late 1600s – 18th century) was an American businessman and building contractor, active during the early 1700s. He was the father of Col. Archibald Cary. Biography. Henry Cary Jr. was born in Colonial Virginia around the mid to late 1600s, the son of Henry Cary Sr., also a businessman and building contractor, and his wife, Judith Lockey. There are few surviving records of his early life but it is likely that he learned about contracting through his father. Cary married three times and had seven children, three with his first wife Sarah Sclater and four with his second wife, Ann Edwards. Construction. Cary became visibly active in construction after his father's retirement in 1710 and in December 1720 he was authorized to work on the Governor's Palace, in Williamsburg, Virginia, a project that his father had begun but was unable to complete. This was one of several jobs that Cary performed at Williamsburg and in 1726 he was hired to construct new gates for the Capitol. He went on to oversee the construction of several buildings at the College of William &amp; Mary (also in Williamsburg): a chapel wing (1729) and the President's House (1732), and Cary was also likely in charge of constructing the Brafferton building (1723). Around 1733, Cary moved to the bank of the James River, where he built Ampthill, in Chesterfield County, Virginia, which served as the Cary family home for many generations.
Yvon Taillandier (28 March 1926 – 3 March 2018) was a French artist and author. He was born in Paris. Taillandier critic who was Secretary of the Salon de Mai Committee for 44 years. Taillandier worked for 14 years to the journal "Connaissance des Arts" (Acquaintance with the Arts) and to the "Salon de Mai", "Salon des Réalités Nouvelles", "Salon de la Jeune Peinture", "Salon Comparaisons", "Salon Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui", "Salon d'Art Sacré" and "Salon Figuration Critique". Taillandier died in Paris on 3 March 2018 at the age of 91.
Marguerite Chapman (March 9, 1918 - August 31, 1999) was an American movie and television actress of the 1940s through 1970s.  Born in Chatham, New York, she originally worked as a telephone operator in White Plains, New York. She went to work as a model for the John Powers Agency in New York City where she was featured in several pictorials and magazine covers. She arrived in Hollywood in December 1939. Her first movie was in 1940. She appeared in 75 features, some of which include "A Man's World" (1942), "The Seven Year Itch" (1955), and "The Amazing Transparent Man" (1960). She also made guest appearances on syndicated television programs like "Hawaii Five-O", "Marcus Welby, M.D.", "Laramie", "Police Story", and "Barnaby Jones". She retired from acting in 1977. She lived in Burbank, California, until her death on August 31, 1999.
James Luna (February 9, 1950March 4, 2018) was an American performance artist, photographer and multimedia installation artist. His work was best known for challenging the ways in which museum exhibitions depict Native Americans. With themes of multiculturalism, alcoholism, and colonialism, Luna's work was often funny and theatrical in nature. Luna was a full-time artist and in 2017 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.
Stephan Tanneberger (December 27, 1935 – March 5, 2018) was a German oncologist and chemist. He held leading positions in cancer research and therapy in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Tanneberger served as director of the "Zentralinstitut für Krebsforschung" (Central Institute of Cancer Research) of the "Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR" (Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic) from 1974 until 1990. In 2005, he founded a Center for Peace Work in Anklam in northeast Germany. He was born in Chemnitz, Germany. Tanneberger died in Greifswald, Germany of blood and bone cancer on March 5, 2018 at the age of 82.
Indra Bahadur Rai (, 3 February 1927 – 6 March 2018) was a Nepali writer and literary critic from Darjeeling, India. He has been an active writer for over 60 years and has received the Sahitya Akademi Award (for his work "Nepali Upanyaska Adharharu"), Jagadambashri Puraskar and Agam Singh Giri Smriti Puraskar. Rai was one of the most well-known modern authors of Nepali literature. His first novel "Aaja Ramita Cha" was published in 1964. After that, he entered the field of short stories. His first story was published in 1959. His first book "Vipana Katipaya", a collection of thirty short stories published in 1960.
Kitwe is the second largest city in size and population in the country Zambia. Kitwe has a population of 504,194 (2010 census). Kitwe was found in 1936 as the railway line was being built by Cecil Rhodes' company. The city is home to a number of mining operations including the Mopani Copper Mines. Twin towns – sister cities. Kitwe's has five Twin towns and sister cities:
The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously called The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute. It is funded mostly by the Wellcome Trust. The Institute is on the Wellcome Genome Campus near the village of Hinxton, outside Cambridge. The campus also has the European Bioinformatics Institute. It was established in 1992 and named after double Nobel Laureate, Frederick Sanger. It was conceived as a large scale DNA sequencing centre. It took part in the Human Genome Project, and then made the largest single contribution to the gold standard sequence of the human genome. From its start the Institute had a policy of data sharing, and does much of its research in collaboration. Since 2000, the Institute expanded its mission to understand "the role of genetics in health and disease". The Institute now employs around 900 people and does four main areas of research: human genetics, pathogen genetics, mouse and zebrafish genetics and bioinformatics.
The Wellcome Trust is a biomedical research charity based in London. It was established in 1936. The money came from legacies of the pharmaceutical magnate Sir Henry Wellcome. Its purpose is to fund research to improve human and animal health.  The Trust aims to "achieve extraordinary improvements in health by supporting the brightest minds". In addition to funding biomedical research, it supports the public understanding of science. It has an endowment of £23.2 billion (2017) making it the second wealthiest charitable foundation in the world (the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation is the richest). The Trust has been described by the "Financial Times" as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research. It is one of the largest providers in the world.
Elizabeth Lydia "Eliza" Manningham-Buller, Baroness Manningham-Buller LG DCB (born 14 July 1948) is one of the most senior women in British public life. She was Director General of MI5, the British internal Security Service, from October 2002 until her retirement on 20 April 2007, aged 58. She became a crossbench life peer on 18 April 2008. She is now chair of the Wellcome Trust, the largest private financer of medical research in the UK. Early years. Her father, Reginald Manningham-Buller, was Lord Chancellor from 1954 to 1962. Ms Manninham-Buller was educated at Northampton High School, Beneden School and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. She was recruited into the Security Service in her 20s. Career in MI5. Specializing in counter-terrorism rather than MI5's usual counter-espionage, she was active at the time of the Lockerbie bombing by Libya in 1988. She worked for K-branch against the IRA. During the early 1980s she was said to be one of only five people who knew that Oleg Gordievsky, the deputy head of the KGB at the Soviet Embassy in London, was actually a double agent. She was sent to Washington, D.C. as liaison to the US intelligence community over the first Gulf War. Then she led the newly created MI5 Irish counter-terrorism section from 1992. She was promoted to the Management Board of the Security Service the next year. Manningham-Buller became the director in charge of surveillance and technical operations. She was appointed Deputy Director General in 1997, and succeeded Sir Stephen Lander as Director General in 2002. She was the second woman to take on the role after Dame Stella Rimington. As Director General, she was paid £150,000 a year. She established a website and recruited agents through newspaper advertisements. Under her direction, terror risk assessments were made public for the first time. In the 2005 Birthday Honours, Manningham-Buller was appointed to the Order of the Bath as
Graham Robert Rahal (born January 4, 1989) is an American race car driver. He currently drives in the IndyCar Series with Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing and the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship with Acura Team Penske. Racing career. Rahal began his major racing career in 2006, finishing second in the Champ Car Atlantic championship while winning five races. Rahal ran in the Champ Car Series in 2007, competing for Newman/Haas Racing.  He moved up to the IndyCar Series for 2008 and won his first race, in St. Petersburg, Florida. With the win, Rahal became the youngest winner in open-wheel racing. He ran sixteen of the seventeen remaining races of the year. In his debut Indianapolis 500, Rahal hit the wall while trying to make a pass early in the race and finished in last place. A year later in St. Petersburg, Rahal became the youngest driver in open wheel history to win a pole. At the end of his first full IndyCar season in 2009, he finished seventh in points. For 2010, Rahal signed on for two races with Sarah Fisher Racing in the beginning of the season. He also ran the Indianapolis 500 with his father's team, and ran a few races with his old team, Newman/Haas Racing. In late 2010, Rahal and TBC Corporation announced a two year sponsorship deal that allowed Rahal to race for different teams.  For 2013, Rahal joined Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing, a team partially owned by his father Bobby Rahal. In 2015, Rahal won at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. In 2017, Rahal won at Belle Isle Raceway in Detroit, holding off Scott Dixon. Personal life. Rahal is married to NHRA driver Courtney Force. He is the son of former Indianapolis 500 winner Bobby Rahal.
Tiffin is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Seneca County. In 2020, 17,953 people lived there. Tiffin is about 55 miles southeast of Toledo. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Tiffin as a Tree City USA.
Jo Min-ki (November 5, 1965 – March 9, 2018) was a South Korean actor, photographer and professor. He was best known for his roles in the television series "Love and Ambition", "East of Eden", "Queen Seondeok", and "Flames of Desire". From 2010 until his resignation in February 2018, he was an assistant professor at Cheongju University.  On February 22, 2018, Jo was accused of sexually harassing his students, which he initially denied. He resigned from his teaching position at Cheongju University. A week later, Jo confirmed the accusations were true and was soon arrested. Jo was found dead at an underground parking lot in Seoul in an apparent suicide by hanging on March 9, 2018 at the age of 52.
Jung Jae-sung (also Chung Jae-sung; Hangul: 정재성; Hanja: 鄭在成; ; 25 August 1982 – 9 March 2018) was a South Korean professional badminton player. Jung was born in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do. He started playing badminton at 7, at his local elementary school. He entered the South Korea national badminton team in 2001. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Jung won a bronze medal. In 2000, Jung was part of the Korean national junior team competed at the World Junior Championships in Guangzhou, China, and Asian Junior Championships in Kyoto, Japan. In Guangzhou, he won the mixed team bronze after his team lose 2–3 to China, and in Kyoto, he won the boys'doubles silver and boys' team bronze. Jung died of a heart attack on 9 March 2018 in Seoul at the age of 35.
Cormac McCarthy (born Charles Joseph McCarthy Jr.; July 20, 1933 – June 13, 2023) was an American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter. McCarthy's fifth novel, "Blood Meridian" (1985), was on "Time" magazine's 2005 list of the 100 best English-language books published since 1923. As of 1991, none of McCarthy's novels had sold more than 5,000 hardcover copies, and "for most of his career, he did not even have an agent". He was called the "best unknown novelist in America". For "All the Pretty Horses" (1992), he won both the U.S. National Book Award and National Book Critics Circle Award. His 2005 novel "No Country for Old Men" was made as a 2007 movie of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 2007, McCarthy won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.  McCarthy died on June 13, 2023 in Santa Fe, New Mexico at the age of 89.
The Cheetah is a fictional character, created by William Moulton Marston. She appears in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as a major villain to the superhero Wonder Woman. In 2009, The Cheetah was ranked as IGN's 69th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. Cheetah has superhuman speed, reaction time, strength and durability to an unknown degree. Her sense of smell has also been enhanced and she is able to see in the dark. There have been four incarnations of the Cheetah: Priscilla Rich (Golden and Silver Age), Deborah Domaine (Bronze Age), Dr. Barbara Ann Minerva (Post-"Crisis" and current), and Sebastian Ballesteros (a male usurper who briefly assumed the role in 2001). Publication history. She was created by William Moulton Marston and H. G. Peter, debuting in the autumn of 1943 in "Wonder Woman" #6. Fictional character biographies. Priscilla Rich. The Golden Age Cheetah was socialite Priscilla Rich. Jealous of Wonder Woman's fame, Priscilla was driven to villainy by her second personality, the Cheetah. Donning a cheetah costume, Priscilla became Wonder Woman's arch nemesis, until her retirement and eventual death. As of the New 52 onwards Pricclia was reconned to be just an alias for Barbara. Deborah "Debbi" Domaine. The niece of the Golden Age Cheetah, Deborah was a friend of Wonder Woman, until the villainous Kobra brainwashed her into picking up her aunt's evil legacy. This version no longer exists due to the Crisis on Infinite Earths. In the New 52 onwards Deborah is just an alias for Barbara. Barbara Ann Minerva. Much like her Golden Age predecessor, Dr. Barbara Ann Minerva was driven by envy to become a villain. A selfish, spoiled heiress, Minerva received her Cheetah powers and form from the sacrifice of her partner to an African plant god. However, because the ceremony is meant for virgins her