ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Marginal utility is a concept from economics that describes the change in utility from consuming more or less of a good or service. Economists sometimes speak of a law of diminishing marginal utility, meaning that consuming the first unit usually has a higher utility than every other unit. When the number of units that are consumed increases, their marginal utility decreases. The more we have a commodity or a service, the less we want to have more of it.
Kragujevac (Serbian: Крагујевац, "Kragujevac", ; Kragujevac was named after bird Kraguj) is a city in central Serbia. It is the fourth largest city in Serbia, main city of Šumadija and the administrative centre of Šumadija district. According to official results of 2011 census, the city is settled by 150,835 citizens, while area around the city is populated by 179,417 inhabitants. Historically, Kragujevac was the first capital of free Serbia (from 1818 to 1839), and the first constitution ever proclaimed in Balkans was in this city on February 15, 1835 (state holiday). In 1841, capital city of Serbia was changed from Kragujevac to Belgrade. Nowadays, Kragujevac is a big centre of automobile industry and weapons. Geography. City is located 220 meters (220 ft) above sea level, with coordinates +44 ° 22 '; +20 ° 56', and it is in the valley of Lepenica river. The urban area of the city covers 835 km2 (322 sq mi), partially surrounded by mountains Rudnik, Crni Vrh and Gledić. City is characterized by hilly, mountainous surface. Kragujevac has highly developed transport infrastructure. Demographics. As of 2011 census, following population is there in Kragujevac:
Child development refers to biological, psychological, and emotional changes that happen in humans between birth and the end of adolescence, at which time the individual goes from dependence to independence. The development is strongly influenced by genetic, mental, physical, and social factors that may happen during the progression. Children develop at different levels. In particular, children having autism spectrum troubles or Down syndrome may have different development than usual or substandard motor development. Ideas about how children develop psychologically have changed over time. There are several important theories on how children develop. Early ideas. In medieval times. During this time children were seen as separate than adults. Children under 7 or 8 were different than other people and treated as children. Even teenagers were not fully grown. Religious writings sometimes talked about children as evil and needing to be pure. They also sometimes talked about them as good and angels. During the Reformation. At the time of the Reformation, children were thought to be born evil. Adults thought children needed to be taught to be a person. Children had to wear tight and uncomfortable clothes. Raising a child was thought to be one of the most important things. Adults wanted children to use reason in learning. Age of Enlightenment. In the time of the Enlightenment, people started to think differently about children and development. People respected children more and treated them better. Two important people had ideas about children during the Enlightenment. They were John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke. John Locke thought that children were born without any knowledge. He thought the mind is "tabula rasa", or blank slate. This means that the mind is like a blank piece of paper when someone is born. Children get knowledge in life and fill up the blank paper. Locke thought that the only way that children get knowledge is from doing different things in life and getting experience from those things. Locke’s ideas on how children get knowledge changed how people thought about children. His belief was that learning should be fun rather than a task. "Children [should be] free to be childish,” wrote Locke. Locke's ideas were opposed to church principles, strictly believing children should be reading fables and not religious texts. Children were seen in a better way and got more
Priscilla Lane (June 12, 1915 - April 4, 1995) was an American actress. She acted mostly in movies. She played a heroine in "The Roaring Twenties" (1939). She played a bride in the movie "Arsenic and Old Lace". Lane was born in Indianola, Iowa.
The Emotions is an all female American R&amp;B group who are well known for their hit single "Best of My Love". This group is from Chicago. It was formed around 1968. It was very popular in the 1970s. Its music has been sampled by several musicians and recording artists.
Cheryl Lynn (11 March 1957) is an American R&amp;B, disco and pop singer who was most popular in the late 1970s to early 1980s. She is famous for her popular single "Got to be Real". Cheryl Lynn was born in Los Angeles.
The Z3 was an electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, with a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code and data were stored on punched film. The Z3 was completed in Berlin in 1941. The German Aircraft Research Institute used it to perform statistical analyses of wing flutter. Zuse asked the German government for funding to replace the relays with fully electronic switches, but funding was denied during World War II since such development was deemed "not war-important". The original Z3 was destroyed in 1943 during an Allied bombardment of Berlin. A fully functioning replica was built in the 1960s by Zuse's company, Zuse KG, and is on permanent display in the Deutsches Museum. The Z3 was Turing-complete. Because of this machine and its predecessors, Konrad Zuse is often regarded as the "inventor of the computer".
Barnum's American Museum was a museum in New York City at Broadway and Ann Street. It was a collection of natural history curios originally stored in City Hall at the end of the 18th century. John Scudder acquired the collection and opened the museum about 1800. P. T. Barnum bought the museum about 1830 and replaced the tired displays with more exciting live fare such as General Tom Thumb, Commodore Nutt, and the "Siamese Twins", Chang and Eng. In 1865, the building was destroyed in a fire. Barnum rebuilt at another location, but that building burned to the ground in 1868. The museum never reopened.
The Schlieffen Plan was a strategic plan made by Count Alfred Graf von Schlieffen (Born ; 28 February 1833 : Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, German Confederation-Died ; 4 January 1913 : Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany) who worked for the German navy . It was made for the army of the German Empire in 1905. It was designed for a war between France on one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Italy on the other. Germany and their allies would invade France through Belgium, instead of directly attacking. With help from allies, Germany would have just enough men to beat France in a few months. Alfred Graf Von Schliffen worked for the Prussian Army from 1853-1871 in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War from 1870-1871 during the Unification of Germany . He later worked in the Imperial German Army from 1871-1906 and was chief from 1891-1906 he died in 1913 aged 79 . When Schlieffen retired in 1906, and the WW1 came up 9 years later, in August 1914, the German officers and tactic leaders dug up the plan that Schlieffen had made and thought that the plan would work like it would in Schlieffen's hypothetical war. However, the plan didn't work, because the plan was outdated and things had changed a lot within the decade. Even though he did not have enough men to beat France, Moltke still attacked France through Belgium. He did this because he thought attacking was always better than defending. Moltke was sure that the Russo-Japanese War proved this because Japan always attacked, and Japan won. Schlieffen believed that defending was usually better than attacking. Schlieffen said that a defender's men can ride trains to a place faster than an attacker's men can walk there. This meant that the defender would always have enough men to stop the attacker. Schlieffen also said that trenches, machine guns, and barbed wire would help the defender a lot. Schlieffen was right
Mika Sue Boorem (born August 18, 1987) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She was in "Carolina" (2003) and "Blue Crush" in 2002.  Boorem was born in Tucson, Arizona.
Danielle Brisebois (born June 28, 1969) is an American record producer, singer and actress who acted mostly in sitcoms. Life. Danielle was born in Brooklyn, New York. She played Stephanie Mills in both "All in the Family" and "Archie Bunker's Place". She also collaborated on certain hit singles performed by Natasha Bedingfield. She was nominated for an Academy Award, for the song "Lost Stars."
Charles "Charlie" Kunz (August 18, 1896 – March 16, 1958) was a British musician, who became well-known and liked during the British dance band era. He played in nightclubs where people would come to ballroom dance. He had a rhythmic, relaxed style and played popular music with his own way of expressing feeling and moods. Early life and career. Kunz was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1896. His father was a master baker who also played the French horn. Young Charlie began to play in front of an audience as an amateur when he was only six years old. When he was seven, he had become good enough to play as a professional pianist. He came to England in 1922 with a small dance band that was led by the drummer, Ed Krick. Kunz liked London so well that he did not want to leave, so that band returned without him to Pennsylvania. In England, he soon became such a popular pianist that he gave up his own orchestra to just work at his piano playing. He played at ballroom and nightclub venues and also on the BBC radio. Two of Britain's most famous female vocalists were with his band in the 1930s; Vera Lynn and Welsh songstress Dorothy Squires. His best known singer was George Barclay, who was known as a crooner, a popular singing style at that time. His first time playing as a soloist came in 1934 at the Holborn Empire. In that same year, he began to record the first of many solo records of "Charlie Kunz Medleys". His most famous song was "Clap Hands, Here Comes Charlie". Each time he performed, his closing theme was "Pink Elephants". Personal life and death. He was married three times. He had one child with his first wife, Amanda Dysher. She later died. In 1923, he married again Eva Dorothy "Nin" Lloyd, who was a fashion model. They had two sons. They were married until 1939. His third wife was Pat Sparkes, whom he married in 1942. They were still married when he died.  He kept living in England until his death from a heart attack in 1958. He is buried in Streatham Vale Cemetery.
Erin Moran (October 18, 1960 – April 22, 2017) was an American actress She worked mostly in television. She played Joanie Cunningham in the sitcom "Happy Days". Moran was born in Burbank, California. Moran died on April 22, 2017 at her mother-in-law's trailer in New Salisbury, Indiana from complications of Squamous cell carcinoma (rare skin cancer) found in the throat at the age of 56.
Laurentia is a large continental craton. It forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent.  Originally, it included the core of Greenland and the northwestern part of Scotland, known as the Hebridean Terrane. Laurentia is also called the North American Craton. It is a modern geological feature, and it is also a very ancient geological core made of igneous rock. It is nearly four billion years old. At times in the past, Laurentia has been part of larger continents and supercontinents. It is an assembly of smaller tectonic plates which merged early in the Archaean era. As the plates moved together, a huge range of mountains formed. Much later, in the Proterozoic era, small plates and oceanic islands collided with and fused with the ever-growing Laurentia. Together they made the huge, stable craton we see today as the north and center of North America and the west of Greenland.  Over a billion years ago, the Grenville Orogeny in the Canadian Shield made jagged peaks, higher than any of today's mountains. Millions of years of erosion have changed these mountains to rolling hills. The remaining, western, part of North America was added much later, after Pangaea split up, and the Americas moved west from Eurasia and Gondwana. The craton is named after the Laurentian Mountains, a range to the north of the St. Lawrence River. Rocks as seen today. The cratonic rocks are metamorphic and igneous, while the overlying sedimentary rocks are composed mostly of limestones, sandstones, and shales. These sedimentary rocks were deposited from 650 to 290 million years ago. In eastern and central Canada, much of the stable craton is exposed at the surface. The southwestern portion of Laurentia consists of Precambrian basement rocks deformed by continental collisions (violet area of the image above). This area has been subjected to considerable rifting as the Basin and Range Province and has been stretched up to 100% of its original width. The area has a history of major volcanic eruptions.
Scarlett Pomers (born November 28, 1988) is an American former child actress. She is also a singer and songwriter. She played Shanna Jensen in the movie "Erin Brockovich" and Naomi Wildman in "". She also played Kyra in the sitcom "Reba". While acting for the show "Reba", Pomers had an eating disorder. Pomers was born near Riverside, California.
Kimberly Erica Richards (born September 19, 1964) is an American actress and TV personality. She started her career as a child actress in shows like "Nanny and the Professor" and movies like "Escape to Witch Mountain" and "Return from Witch Mountain". She was a main cast member on "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" from 2010 to 2015, later appearing as a guest in later seasons. Early life. Kim Richards was born on September 19, 1964, in Mineola, New York. She is the daughter of businessman Ken Richards and casting director Kathleen Richards. Her sister is Kyle Richards, an actress, and she has a half-sister, Kathy Hilton. Career. Richards started acting as a child, appearing in a TV commercial for Firth Carpet. She played Prudence Everett in the TV show "Nanny and the Professor" and had roles in other series like "Hello, Larry" and "Little House on the Prairie". Richards starred in Disney movies like "Escape to Witch Mountain" and "Return from Witch Mountain" and made a cameo in "Race to Witch Mountain". As an adult, she appeared in movies like "Tuff Turf" (1985) and co-produced "Escape" in 1990 with her then-husband, Monty Brinson. She joined the reality TV show "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" in 2010 as a main cast member. She left after five seasons but appeared as a guest in later seasons. Personal life. Richards had her first breast augmentation in 1990. She had a lumpectomy in 2003 and removed her breast implants in 2020 after one deflated. She is also a certified reiki practitioner. Marriages, relationships, and children. Richards was married to Monty Brinson in 1985, and they had one child, Brooke Brinson. They divorced in 1988 but remained friends. She later married Gregg Davis, with whom she has two children, Whitney Nicole Davis and Chad Austin Davis, before divorcing in 1991. She dated John J. Collett, who was murdered in 1991 while talking to her
The Help is a 2011 American drama movie based on Kathryn Stockett's novel and directed by Tate Taylor. It stars Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Bryce Dallas Howard and Jessica Chastain. Plot. The young Skeeter (Emma Stone) returns to her hometown. She has finished her study at the University of Mississippi and now she wants to be a novelist. She begins to interview African-American women who are housemaids working for white people. She writes a book about the lives of the housemaids. First of all, the housemaids are against an interview. However, after an incident, many housemaids tell about their lives. Each shift begins with a whisper, but the voices get louder and many people have many things to tell. Awards. "The Help" won an Oscar and a Golden Globe for Octavia Spencer in the category best actress in a supporting role. Viola Davis was nominated for an Oscar in the category best actress in a leading role.
Mthatha (formerly Umtata), is the main town in Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The town has an airport, last known by the name K. D. Matanzima Airport. after former leader Kaiser Matanzima.  Former South African president Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo (a village in Mthatha). On 2 March 2004 Umtata was officially renamed to its current name Mthatha. Walter Sisulu, Bantu Holomisa, Yamkela Mhlana and Buyisiwe Yonela Mhlana , as well as Ndima Mhlana were also born in Mthatha.
Invictus is a 2009 biographical sports drama movie. It was directed by Clint Eastwood and stars Morgan Freeman and Matt Damon. Movie critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3½ stars out of 4. The movie was about South African president Nelson Mandela during the 1995 Rugby World Cup. It was released on December 11, 2009. Freeman and Damon both received Academy Award nominations for their role in the movie.
The House of Tusculum were a powerful noble family of Latium, Italy. They were the Counts of Tusculum between the 10th and 12th centuries. Several popes and an antipope during the 11th century came from their family. The counts of Tusculum were influential figures in Roman politics and religion for more than a century. Counts. This list is partially incomplete in the 10th century. The chronology and dates are often uncertain. They were only counts from about 1013. Before this, they were lords. Popes. Those who were also counts are listed in boldface. Two of the Tusculum clerics are today known as antipopes:
The Borgia family (also Borja, Borjia or Borges) were a noble family during the Renaissance in Italy. They were from Valencia, the name coming from the family fief of Borja, then in the kingdom of Aragon, in Spain. The Borgias became influential in religion and politics in the 15th and 16th centuries. Two popes came from this family during this time: Alfons de Borja who ruled as Pope Callixtus III during 1455–1458 and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia, as Pope Alexander VI, during 1492–1503. During the reign of Alexander VI, the Borgias were suspected of many crimes, including adultery, simony, theft, rape, bribery, incest, and murder. They became enemies of the Medici, the Sforza, and the Dominican friar Savonarola, among others. Today they are remembered for their corrupt rule. The name has become a synonym for libertinism, nepotism and treachery.
The Conti di Segni ("de Comitibus Signie", also known as "Conti" or "De Comitibus" for short) were an important noble family of medieval and early modern Italy. They came from Segni, Lazio. Many members of the family served as military commanders or religious leaders, including many cardinals and four popes. The family began with Trasimondo, the father of Lotario Conti, who became Pope Innocent III in 1198. He ruled until 1216. The second Conti pope was Ugolino (1227-1241), as Gregory IX. The third pope to come from the Conti family was Rinaldo, as Alexander IV (r. 1254-1261). Later, in the early modern period, Michelangelo Conti reigned as Pope Innocent XIII from 1721 to 1724. Torquato Conti (1591–1636) served as a General-Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War. His cruelty earned him the nickname "The Devil". The family eventually became divided into many branches. The two main branches were the counts of Segni and Valmontone, and the dukes of Poli and Guadagnolo.
Snickers is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated. It is nougat topped with caramel and peanuts, coated in milk chocolate. It was introduced in 1930. It has had sales of over $2 Billion around the world. In the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold as Marathon until 1990.
Baby Daddy is an ABC Family situation comedy. It stars Jean-Luc Bilodeau (as Ben Wheeler), Tahj Mowry (as Tucker Dobbs), Derek Theler (as Danny Wheeler), Chelsea Kane (as Riley Perrin) and Melissa Peterman (as Bonnie Wheeler). The show was green-lighted on February 2, 2012. It began production on March 28, 2012. It began airing on ABC Family on June 20, 2012. On August 17, 2012, the show was renewed for a second season. It started on May 29, 2013. On March 22, 2013, ABC Family announced that the show will continue on for its third season. "Baby Daddy" was renewed for a fourth season on March 17, 2014. It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat". In 2018, the series was canceled after six series. Plot. The show follows Ben Wheeler, a single bartender in his twenties who lives in New York City. A one-night-stand, whom he had forgotten about, leaves her 3-month-old baby on his doorstep. He later finds out that the baby is his daughter, Emma. Ben raises Emma with the help of his brother, Danny, his two close friends, Riley and Tucker, and his mother, Bonnie.
This is a list of episodes of the television series Baby Daddy. Series overview. &lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/onlyinclude&gt; Episodes. Season 2 (2013). On August 17, 2012, "Baby Daddy" was renewed for a second season, it premiered on May 29, 2013. Matt Dallas, who previously worked with Jean-Luc Bilodeau on the ABC Family series "Kyle XY", appeared in a recurring role as Fitch Douglas, a love interest for Riley. Both Lacey Chabert and Grace Phipps also had recurring roles this season. Wayne Brady guest starred in the episode "There's Something Fitchy Going On". Season 3 (2014). On March 22, 2013, two months before the second season premiered, ABC Family renewed "Baby Daddy" for a third season. It premiered on January 15, 2014. Bruce Thomas, who previously worked with Jean-Luc Bilodeau on "Kyle XY", guest starred in the episode "The Bet". Bilodeau's other "Kyle XY" co-star Matt Dallas reprised his role as Fitch in the episode "Lights! Camera! No Action!", Mary Hart also guest starred as herself in that episode. Other guest stars this season included Lucy Hale, David DeLuise, Phil Morris, Mark DeCarlo, Kelsey Chow and Dot Jones. Season 4 (2014–15). On March 17, 2014, "Baby Daddy" was renewed for the fourth season. It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat". The second Christmas episode of the series entitled "It's a Wonderful Emma" premiered on December 10, 2014. Aisha Dee guest starred as Olivia, Tucker's ex-wife. Christa B. Allen will appear in a recurring role as Robyn, a corporate lawyer working at Riley's law firm, who later begins dating Danny. Eddie Cibrian will appear in a multi-episode arc as Ross, a guy that Riley falls for, later discovering that he is her boss. Jackée Harry will guest star as Judge Johnson, a no nonsense judge, with a weakness for children. The episode will reunite Harry with Tahj Mowry, Mowry made numerous guest appearances on Harry's 1990s sitcom "Sister, Sister".
Kathleen Wilhoite (born June 29, 1964) is an American movie and television actress. She has been in lots of movies and television programs. She played Liz Danes in the TV drama "Gilmore Girls". She also played Chloe in the medical drama "ER".  Wilhoite was born in California.