ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Telegram Messenger is a messaging service which lets its users send each other messages, photos, videos and documents (all file types are supported). The client applications are open source and the server is proprietary software (closed source). It is based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. History. Telegram was started in 2013 by the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov, the creators of VK.  Telegram is registered as a company in the British Virgin Islands and as an LLC in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Pavel Durov said that the service was headquartered in Berlin, Germany, between 2014 and early 2015, but moved to different jurisdictions after failing to obtain residence permits for everyone on the team. According to press reports, Telegram had employees in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from 2014 to 2017. The Telegram team is based in Dubai as of 2017. In April 2018, Russian court ruled to block Telegram in Russia. Some Russians tried to circumvent the ban by using open proxies in other countries. The on 18 June 2020. Russian ministers and officials now use it. On 5 October 2021, Telegram gained over 70 million new users as a result of an outage which affected Facebook and its affiliates. It has been called "social media for organised criminals", because there is no censorship. Durov says it is a safe haven for citizens living in repressive regimes, such as Belarus, Iran and Hong Kong. “In Dubai the government doesn’t bother us.” It allows Iran-linked militant groups including Hamas, Hizbollah and Iraqi militia groups to use it. A psychological warfare unit of the Israel Defense Forces, had run an unauthorised Telegram Channel entitled “72 Virgins — Uncensored” in 2023. Its rules say that it will block terrorist channels In 2024 it was said to have 900 million monthly active users. It has more than 80,000 servers around the world. There are only about 50 full-time employees Features. Telegram lets its users send voice notes, photos, videos and files of all types. Groups can also have a maximum of 200,000 members. There are channels — for one-way broadcasting of messages — with unlimited subscribers. Telegram uses a similar system of message read statuses to WhatsApp, with 1 check = sent, 2 checks = read (opened).
Konstantín Yúrievich Khabénsky (; born in 11 January, 1972) is a Russian actor. He played Anton Gorodetsky in the movie Night Watch. He also starred in the sequel, Day Watch.  Career. Khabensky was born and trained in Leningrad. Before "Night Watch", he was already a famous actor in his country. He had appeared in several movies and TV series and theatres. Since 2003, he has been a member of the Moscow Art theatre.
The Davis Cup is an annual tennis tournament. Countries from around the world compete against each other in teams. Only the 16 best ranked teams take part. Teams play against each other in rounds or 'ties'. In each tie, 5 matches or 'rubbers' are played: four singles and one doubles match. The team to win the most matches (3 or more) is the winner and goes to the next round.
The Liria Palace () is a building in Madrid. It is the personal property of the House of Alba. The palace was commissioned by Duke of Berwick. He was also Duke of Liria. In the early 19th century, it passed to the House of Alba. Eugénie de Montijo, last empress consort of the French, died here in exile in 1920. All but the facades were destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. It was rebuilt by Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba and his daughter Cayetana. The British architect Edwin Lutyens provided some designs for the interior. The reconstruction used his plans, even though he died before then. As of 2012, the owner of the palace was the 18th Duchess of Alba. She lived in Seville. The main resident of the palace was her son and heir Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Huéscar.
Mike Nichols (born Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky; November 6, 1931 – November 19, 2014) was an American television, stage and movie director, writer, producer and comedian. He was half of the comedy duo Nichols and May, along with Elaine May. In 1968 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the movie "The Graduate". His other movies include "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "Catch-22", "Carnal Knowledge", "Silkwood", "Working Girl", "Wolf", "The Birdcage", "Closer", "Charlie Wilson's War" (his final movie), and the TV mini-series "Angels in America". He also staged the original theatrical productions of "Barefoot in the Park", "Luv", "The Odd Couple" and "Spamalot". Nichols won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. His other honors included the Lincoln Center Gala Tribute in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2003 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2010. Nichols died suddenly from a heart attack on November 19, 2014, at his home in Manhattan.
Alberto Moreno Pérez (born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team as a defender in the left back position. Club career statistics. 45||3||2||0||14||0||0||0||61||3 9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1 54||4||2||0||17||0||0||0||73||4 International career statistics. !Total||3||0
Trophy Wife is an American television sitcom. It aired during the 2013–14 television season on ABC. The series was co-created and executive produced by Emily Halpern and Sarah Haskins for ABC Studios. The series was green-lit by ABC for a series order pick up on May 10, 2013. "Trophy Wife" premiered on September 24, 2013. On May 8, 2014, ABC canceled "Trophy Wife" after one season. The final episode aired the following week. The series starred Malin Åkerman, Bradley Whitford and Marcia Gay Harden.
Volker Schlöndorff (born 31 March 1939) is a German movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He is a very important director of the New German Cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He won an Oscar as well as the Palme d'or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival for "The Tin Drum" (1979), the movie version of the novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Günter Grass.
Rainer Werner Fassbinder (; 31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982) was a German stage and movie director, movie producer, screenwriter, and stage and movie actor. He is one of the most important figures in the New German Cinema. He was born in Bad Wörishofen, Bavaria, Germany. Fassbinder was bisexual. He died at the age of 37 from a heart attack caused by a lethal cocktail of cocaine and barbiturates in Munich, Germany.
María del Rosario Fitz-James Stuart y de Silva, (18th) Duchess of Alba de Tormes, Grandee of Spain (28 March 1926 – 20 November 2014) was a Spanish aristocrat. She was the head of the House of Alba. Stuart was the third woman to carry the title in her own right. She was born in Liria Palace, Madrid, Spain. Stuart died in Palace of the Dukes of Alba, Seville, Spain, aged 88.
, born was a Japanese actor. He was best known for his roles in "Black Rain" and in "The Yakuza". He won the Japan Academy Prize four times, more than any other actor. He was born in Nakama, Fukuoka, Japan. Takakura died in Tokyo, Japan from lymphoma, aged 83.
James Henry "Jim" Webb, Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Virginia from 2007 to 2013. He is also an author and served as Secretary of the Navy from 1987 to 1988 under the Ronald Reagan administration. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Webb announced on November 19, 2014 that he is forming a committee to run for President of the United States in 2016. On July 2, 2015, Webb announced that we will run for president in 2016. He suspended his campaign and withdrew from the election on October 20, 2015. Early life. Webb was born in St. Joseph, Missouri. His father, James Henry Webb, served in the United States Air Force. His mother, Vera Lorraine Hodges, was a housewife. His family descended from Irish-Scots immigrants. Webb went to many schools in the U.S. and in England. He was raised in Bellevue, Nebraska. Webb graduated from the University of Southern California, Georgetown University Law Center, and from the United States Naval Academy. Early career. Committee on Veterans Affairs (1977-1981). From 1977 to 1981, Webb worked on the staff of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. During this time, he also represented veterans pro bono. Webb also taught at the Naval Academy and was criticized for a 1979 article published in the "Washingtonian" magazine titled "Women Can't Fight" (see "Senate Election" below). Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs (1984-1987). During the Reagan Administration, Webb served as the nation's first Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs from 1984 to 1987. During his time as Assistant Secretary, Webb sought to reorganize the Marine Corps. He was gravely concerned with the disarray the Marines had fallen into post-Vietnam: drug use, racial infighting, and low morale within the Corps left him with the impression it was no longer America's premier fighting force. United States Secretary of the Navy (1987-1988).
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, was signed into law by Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986, is an Act of Congress which reformed United States immigration law.  Immigration at that time. At the time, the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimated that about four million illegal immigrants would apply for legal status through the act and that roughly half of them would be eligible.
King Ralph is a 1991 American comedy movie, directed by David S. Ward. It stars John Goodman, Peter O'Toole, Richard Griffiths, Leslie Phillips, John Hurt, Julian Glover, and Judy Parfitt. It was released to negative reviews on February 15, 1991. The film was fairly successful at the box office, making $52 million compared to its $23 million overall budget. Plot. The movie is about an American singer from Las Vegas, who becomes the only living heir and unlikely King of the United Kingdom, after the entire British Royal Family is electrocuted and killed in an accident outside Buckingham Palace, while having their royal photography taken.
Audra McDonald (born July 3, 1970) is an American actress and singer.  She played Professor Carla Bonatelle in the television series "The Bedford Diaries", Dr. Naomi Bennett in "Private Practice", and Jackie Brock in "Mister Sterling". She was nominated for Emmy Awards for playing Susie Monahan in the TV movie "Wit" and Ruth Younger in the TV movie "A Raisin in the Sun." She won an Emmy in 2015 for her part as Lucy in "", a musical that was filmed for "Live From Lincoln Center". She was also in the "Live From Lincoln Center" filmed musical "Passion" as Clara and played Grace Farrell in the TV movie "Annie" and Mother Abbess in "The Sound of Music Live!". Her show "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill". On Broadway she played Ayah in "The Secret Garden", Carrie Pipperidge in "Carousel", Sharon Graham in "Master Class", Sarah in "Ragtime", Marie Christine L'Adrese in "Marie Christine", Lady Percy in "Henry IV", Ruth Younger in "A Raisin in the Sun", Lizzie Curry in "110 in the Shade", Olivia in "Twelfth Night", Bess in "Porgy and Bess", Billie Holiday in "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", and Lottie Gee in "Shuffle Along: Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed". She won Tony Awards for "Carousel", "Master Class", "Ragtime", "A Raisin in the Sun", "Porgy and Bess", and "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", and was nominated for "Marie Christine" and "110 in the Shade". She was also nominated for a Grammy Award for "Porgy and Bess". She also performed in the Broadway concert "Something Wonderful" and played Deena Jones in the Actor's Fund concert of "Dreamgirls". She played Jenny in "Rise and Fall of the City of Mahoganny" at the Los Angeles Opera, and won two Grammy Awards for the cast album
Into the Woods is an American 2014 musical fantasy movie. The movie takes characters from different fairy tales, mixing stories. Meryl Streep plays The Witch. Anna Kendrick plays Cinderella. Johnny Depp plays The Wolf. Christine Baranski plays The Stepmother of Cinderella. The movie was released on December 25, 2014.
Frémontiers is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 150 people lived there.
Gamaches is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 2,730 people lived there.
Gapennes is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 253 people lived there.
Gentelles is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 562 people lived there.
Ginchy is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Gratibus is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grivillers is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Gruny is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grivesnes is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Guerbigny is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grattepanche is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grécourt is a former commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Hombleux.
Gueschart is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Gueudecourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Guillaucourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Guillemont is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France. It was an heavy area of combat during World War I.
Guizancourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Frettecuisse is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Friaucourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Fréchencourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Incineration is a form of waste disposal in which waste is burnt. Incineration converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The heat can be used to generate electricity with a steam turbine. History. The first incinerators for waste disposal were built in Nottingham by Manlove, Alliott &amp; Co. Ltd. in 1874. They were originally known as destructors. The first incinerator in the US was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, NY. Incinerators are controversial because they can pollute the air, but they also have environmental benefits such as reducing the need for landfills and generating electricity that might otherwise be generated by burning coal.
Frucourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Fricourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Froyelles is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Frettemeule is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Fricamps is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Hervilly is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Léalvillers is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Hull City Hall is a civic building in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The City Hall does not perform an administrative function for Hull's council. This is based in the Guildhall. It is a Grade II* listed building, built in the Neo-Baroque style by Hull's City architect Joseph Hirst 1903–09. It was restored c.1950 following war damage. It was altered in 1986 and 1989. It is located in Queen Victoria Square in the city centre. Hull City Hall is home to a grand central hall which plays host to a varied programme of concerts including pop, rock and classical music as well as civic functions such as graduation ceremonies for the University of Hull. The city's main tourist information office and shop is based on the building's ground floor.
Louvrechy is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 206 people lived there.
Badgers are short-legged mammals found across Europe, Africa, North America and Asia.  Physical description. Badgers have wide bodies, with short legs for digging. They have long weasel-like heads with small ears. Their tails vary in length depending on species. They have black faces with white markings and grey bodies with a light-coloured stripe from head to tail. They have dark legs with light coloured underbellies. They grow to around in length including the tail. The European badger is one of the largest badgers. The American badger, the hog badger and the honey badger are a little smaller and lighter. They weigh around 9.1–11 kg (20–24 lb) on average, with some badgers in Europe and Asia weighing about 18 kg (40 lb) A male badger is called a boar. A female is called a sow. A young badger is called a cub.  Distribution. Badgers are found in North America, Ireland, Britain and most of Europe. The Javan ferret-badger lives in Indonesia. The Bornean ferret-badger lives in Malaysia. The honey badger is found in sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Desert, southern Levant, Turkmenistan, and India. Behavior. Badgers all live underground. They live in burrows called setts, which may be very large. Some live on their own, moving from home to home. Others are known to form family groups called "cetes". Between two and fifteen badgers can live in a cete at one time. Badgers can run or gallop at speeds of up to 25–30 km/h (16–19 mph) for short periods of time. Badgers are only active at night. They can dig a hole fast enough to escape most predators. They fill in the hole behind them as they dig. Food. The badger’s diet is mainly small mammals; mice, gophers and squirrels. They eat amphibians, reptiles and birds. Badgers also eat earthworms, insects, grubs, and bird eggs. They will sometimes eat roots and fruit. In Britain, they are the main predator of hedgehogs. Badgers have been known to become drunk from the alcohol found in rotting fruit.
Lamaronde is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 64 people lived there.
Laucourt is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 174 people lived there.
Lanchères is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 1,002 people lived there.
Hérissart is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 559 people lived there.
Hénencourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Le Translay is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France.
Lihons is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Blood substitute (also called blood surrogate) is the name for a number of substances that can perform some functions of blood. Blood substitutes are often used in blood transfusions where real blood is not available. Losing a lot of blood can mean there is not enough blood left to keep up the oxygen transfer to certain organs, or the brain. This state is a medical emergency, as it can lead to organ failure and death. Blood substitutes can help in these situations. Types. There are two basic types of blood substitutes: An oxygen-carrying blood substitute, or artificial haemoglobin, is an artificially made red substitute whose main function is to carry oxygen, as does natural haemoglobin. The first goal of oxygen carrying blood substitutes is just to mimic blood's oxygen transport capacity. Unfortunately, oxygen transport, one function that distinguishes real blood from other "volume expanders", has been very difficult to reproduce. Reasons for use. There are some good reasons why the world needs blood substitutes: Since oxygen therapeutics are not yet widely available, the United States Army is experimenting with varieties of dried blood, which take up less room, weigh less and can be used much longer than blood plasma. Saline has to be added before use. Dried blood is better for first aid during combat than whole blood or packed red cells.
Esperanto, the most used constructed language, has got some traditional symbols during its history. Green star. The basic symbol of Esperanto is the green five-pointed star. Its five corners represents five continents (according to traditional meaning - Europe, America, Asia, Oceania, Africa), the green color is the symbol of hope. In cases when they use the star outside the flag, they add a letter "E" to it. In Esperanto they call it "verda stelo" (green star). Esperanto flag. The esperanto flag has a green background with a white square in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains a green star. Esperantists use the flag for representing their language and culture. Swedish esperantist G. Jonson has iniciated use of the green color and the green star. C. Rjabinis and P. Deullin has created final suggestion of the flag in 1893. The green color represents hope and the white color represents peace. In Esperanto they call it "Esperanto-flago" (Esperanto flag). Jubilee symbol. During the hundredth (100th) anniversary of Esperanto in 1987, World Esperanto Association has made this special logo. The two (2) inverse rounded letters "E" creates the form representating the Earth. In Esperanto they call it "Jubilea simbolo" (Jubilee symbol). Anthem. Esperantists consider the poem "La Espero" (the hope) by L. L. Zamenhof with music by Félicien Menu de Ménil to be an anthem of Esperanto.
Liomer is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Machiel is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 177 people lived there.
Lucheux is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 577 people lived there.
Liéramont is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Temperament is a term from psychology to describe the way in which an individual behaves. Examples for temperament are introversion and extroversion. Many psychologists believe that the traits called temperament are innate, and that they are not learned. Temperament also seems to be independent of the mood of the person or animal. Galen of Pergamon was among the first people to describe different temperaments, or humors, as they were called at the time. Galen identified four types:  These correspond to the four classical elements fire, water, earth and air.
Maisnières is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Loeuilly is a former commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Ô-de-Selle.
Liercourt is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Ligescourt is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 231 people lived there.
Licourt is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 391 people lived there.
Huppy is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 818 people lived there.