ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Antlers are usually large, branching structures, made of bone, which grow on the heads of deer and similar animals. With deer, only males have antlers. Only reindeer (caribou) have antlers on the females, and these are normally smaller than those of the males. Growth of antlers. While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone.  Antlers are one of the most striking cases of male secondary sex characteristics in the animal kingdom. They grow faster than any other mammal bones. Growth occurs at the tip, and is initially cartilage, which is mineralized to become bone. Once the antler has achieved its full size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. The antlers fall off at some point.  To re-grow antlers each year uses up nutrition, so they are honest signals of food gathering capability. Sexual selection. The principle means of evolution of antlers is sexual selection, which operates by two mechanisms: Male–male competition (behaviorally, physiologically) and female mate choice.  Male–male competition can take place in two forms. First, they can compete when males use their antlers as weapons to compete for mates; second, they can compete where males present their antlers to display their strength and fertility. Males with the largest antlers are more likely to obtain mates and achieve fertilization success.
Citroën is automobile manufacturer based in France. André-Gustave Citroën started the company in 1919 and it became the first mass-production automobile company outside the USA. Citroën was the first to create a sales and services network that goes with the automobile. 1919 Innovations. Citroën were innovators in automobile design. Their "Traction Avant" (pictured) had the first mass production of three revolutionary features that are still in use today. They are: a unitary body with no separate frame, four-wheel independent suspension, and front-wheel drive. Later on, in the 1950s, Citroën developed a remarkable type of suspension. A high-pressure hydraulic system was used in over 9 million Citroën cars. They included the DS, SM, GS, CX, BX, XM, Xantia, C5, and C6. Self-levelling is the principal benefit – the car kept a constant ride height above the road. It adjusted to the passenger and cargo load, and gave a very soft suspension. This type of suspension smooths out road irregularities without disturbing the occupants. It is often compared to riding on a 'magic carpet' for this reason.
A stove is an enclosed heated space. The word is usually taken to mean an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating, either to heat the space in which the stove is found or to heat the stove itself, and anything placed on it. This article is principally concerned with enclosed stoves burning solid fuels for room heating. Kitchen stove. A kitchen stove is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath it which is used for baking.
A kitchen stove, cooking stove, cookstove, or cooker is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food.  Stoves use direct heat for cooking and have an oven for baking. The design uses wood, coke or anthracite for fuel. The basic idea is that the stove completely encloses the fire inside its iron body. There are still many traditional stoves made, which burn wood or solid fuel. Many also have back boilers for domestic heating. Gas stoves are different, because they have open flames on top of the stove, whereas the original stoves have hidden flames. Modern gas stoves were developed already in the 1820s, but these were isolated experiments. At the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, a gas stove was shown, but only in the 1880s did this technology start to become a commercial success. The main factor in this delay was the slow growth of the gas pipe network. Gas and electric stoves have largely replaced solid fuel stoves.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a is a highly virulent and multidrug resistant bacterium, primarily targeting individuals with reduced immunity. It was firstly described, isolated and recognised as a pathogen in the end of 19th century. "P. aeruginosa" causes between 10% and 20% of all infections. It is on the ‘critical’ category list of the World Health Organisation (WHO) for research and developing the new drugs. Biology. "P. aeruginosa" is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, known by its environmental abundance. It can be found in water, soil, animal, human and plant environments, which can be explained by its versatile energy metabolism; it can survive without oxygen (anaerobic). It has multiple hair-like attachments (pili) which are found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea to attach to other cells, and one flagellum, which is another but longer hair-like structure which provide motility. Pathogenesis. "P. aeruginosa" primarily causes clinical infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. For example, in patients with cystic fibrosis. These people build up mucus layers, which create an environment for the bacteria that somewhat protects them from antibiotics and the host immune system. People with cancer, large wounds, and individuals on immunosuppressant drugs after transplant surgery are also considered to be susceptible. "P. aeruginosa" may cause different infections, depending on the organ affected. Infections may include: pneumonia, diarrhoea, meningitis, urinary tract infections, bloodstream, ear and wound infections. It is spread through improper hygiene, water contamination and medical equipment which is not properly sterilised. Along with high predisposition of patients with weak immunity, infections can be easily acquired in hospital, through, for example, medical devices, such as breathing machine and catheters. Antibiotic resistance and research. "P. aeruginosa" is a Gram-negative bacteria, containing two lipid bilayers (acting as barriers) with thin peptidoglycan layer (composed of proteins) in the middle. Because its peptidoglycan is covered by a lipid bilayer, some
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of bacteria commonly affecting the stomach. The name is derived from the prefix "entero-", meaning intestine; "bacteria", meaning bacteria; and "ceae", meaning family or group. It includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as "Salmonella" and "Escherichia coli". On February 19, 2015, 179 people in Los Angeles, California may have been exposed to the bacteria. At least two people have been reported dead. The bacteria has been called a "superbug" by news reporters. It was confirmed that the outbreak was caused by the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles.
Joseph Whittaker (1813 – 2 March, 1894) was a British botanist who visited South Australia in 1839. 300 plants in Kew Gardens are the collection which Whittaker made during that trip. And 2,200 pressed British plants in Derby Museum and Art Gallery are also Whittaker's. Biography. Early Days. Whittaker's exact birth date is not known. He was christened at Quarndon near Derby on 8 February 1813. His father was also named Joseph, and was a labourer who married to Sarah (born Clarke). The son is sometimes reported as being born in Breadsall in 1815. Australian Botany. In 1838 Whittaker went on a voyage to Austratia as "gardener". His new employer was Lt. Col. George Gawler who had recently been appointed as the second Governor of South Australia. Whittaker, seven other employees from Derbyshire, Gawler and his wife and children arrived on the Pestonjee Bomanjee on 12 October 1838 in Adelaide. They had traveled for four months via Rio de Janeiro. When Whittaker and Gawler arrived they found poor conditions so gardening was not important. Whittaker collected plants around Adelaide in South Australia in 1839-40. Whittaker traveled to places within South Australia where he collected a wide range of plant samples. These included Mount Lofty range, Mount Jagged, River Torrens, River Murray and the Hindmarsh River. Whittaker was the first person to collect from the mountainous district of the Fleurieu Peninsula, Encounter Bay and Mount Barker. Whittaker stayed in South Australia for nineteen months before sailing home on the "Katherine Stuart Forbes" which left from Port Adelaide on 11 April 1840. On the way home his boat stopped four times at Kangaroo Island, Mauritius, St Helena and Corvo Island in the Azores. Whittaker collected further plant samples while the boat was in these harbours. Derbyshire Botany. Whittaker arrived back in England on 23 September 1840 and by 1844 had begun collecting plants
Cooper Creek (formerly Cooper's Creek) is one of the most famous rivers in Australia. It is sometimes called the Barcoo River after one of its tributaries. It is one of three major Queensland river systems that flow into Lake Eyre. The water flow in Cooper Creek comes from monsoonal rains falling months earlier and many hundreds of kilometres away in eastern Queensland. At in length, it is the second longest inland river system in Australia after the Murray-Darling system. History. Charles Sturt named the river in 1845 after Charles Cooper, the Chief Justice of South Australia. The explorers Burke and Wills died from starvation in 1861 on the banks of Cooper Creek. John King survived the expedition with help from the Aborigines. Only ten years after the explorers' deaths, homesteads were being built along the creek. A station (farm) at Innamincka was the first permanent settlement in the area. By 1880 the reliable water source had attracted many settlers. The whole area was taken up and stocked with cattle. This pushed the local Aborigines from their traditional lands. By 1900 their population was just 30, only 10% of the original number, as influenza and measles took their toll. Course. The creek starts west of the Great Dividing Range as two rivers, the Thomson from near Longreach and Charters Towers, and the Barcoo in the area around Barcaldine, about inland from Rockhampton.  Cooper Creek spreads out into a vast area of channels, making its way south into the far south-west corner of Queensland before turning west into South Australia towards Lake Eyre. In most years, the water soaks into the earth, fills channels and waterholes, or simply evaporates without reaching Lake Eyre. In very wet years, however, it can flood the entire Channel Country and reach Lake Eyre after flowing through the Strzelecki Desert, Sturt Stony Desert and the Tirari Desert. Although the Cooper carries much more water than the Diamantina and the Georgina, it does not flow into Lake Eyre as often as those rivers. One reason is that much more water
Ethan Green Hawke (born November 6, 1970 in Austin, Texas) is an American actor, writer and director. Hawke made his big screen debut in the 1985 movie "Explorers". In 2021, he played The Grabber in "The Black Phone". Hawke was formally married to actress Uma Thurman from 1998 to 2005. He married Ryan Shawhughes in 2008. He is the father of actress Maya Hawke.
Irving Crane (November 13, 1913 – November 17, 2001), nicknamed "the Deacon", was an American pool player from Livonia (near Rochester). He was frequent champion and leading player in the sport. He is most well known for his skill at the game of straight pool (14.1 continuous). He won six world billiards titles in this game. Early life. Crane became very interested in billiards when he was 11 years old. He started play on a toy pool table his brother received as a Christmas gift. His parents soon replaced their dining room table with a 4' by 8' pool table. Soon, Crane started to play in public at a local pool room. Crane could play all day and never get bored. He could not wait to get home from school and start to play pool. Though he taught himself to play, at age 14 he ran 89 balls in straight pool at a local pool room. He called each shot in advance. His parents replaced the smaller table with a full size tournament table. Over the next ten years some of the best players, including Willie Hoppe and Andrew Ponzi, came to practice with Crne. Despite consistent play throughout his teenage years, Crane did not enter any tournaments until he was 23 years old. In February 1939, at age 26, Crane sank 150 balls in a row against his opponent in an exhibition straight pool match. The game was played on a difficult 5' by 10' table in Layton, Utah. This was impressive. But the crowd cheered him, and he continued to play. He finally put 309 consecutive balls thus shattering the previous world record of 244 consecutive balls. World titles. He won his first world title in 1942. Over the next thirty years, Crane won almost two dozen major championships, including the World Crown in 1946, 1955, 1966, 1968, 1970 and 1972, the Ballantine International Championship in 1965, the International Roundrobin championship in 1968, and the World Series of Billiards in 1978 at age 65. At
Snow Falling on Cedars is an 1999 drama movie that was produced by Ron Bass Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Harry J. Ufland and was directed by Scott Hicks. "Snow Falling on Cedars" was released on December 22, 1999 in North America. The movie received a 40% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 44 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award for "Best Cinematography".
Dietmar "Didi" Kühbauer (born 4 April 1971) is a former Austrian footballer. He played as a midfielder. Kühbauer played in the Austrian national football team. Career. He made his Bundesliga debut for Admira Wacker in 1987 at the age of 16. In 1992 he went on to SK Rapid Wien. With this club he won one champions' title and one Austrian cup. With Rapid he also played in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final against Paris St. Germain in Brussels. By the fans of SK Rapid he was elected into Rapid's team of the century. He played abroad for five years, three years for Real Sociedad in Spain and two years in the German Bundesliga for VfL Wolfsburg. Then he came back to Austria and played the last years of his career for his youth team SV Mattersburg. Dietmar Kühbauer played 55 matches for the Austrian national football team and scored 5 goals. His debut was in May 1992 in a friendly match versus Poland. He was a member of the Austrian team for the FIFA World Cup 1998 and played two matches, versus Italy and Chile. His final match was in September 2005 also against Poland in a qualifying match for the FIFA World Cup 2006. Coaching career. He started as coach of the second team of VfB Admira Wacker Mödling. In 2010 he became manager of the first squad which reached the title in the First league and was promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga. In his first year he reached the 3rd place. Then he went on to the Bundesliga team Wolfsberger AC. In his first season he reached fifth place. The next season Wolfsberg was after 16 rounds the last team in the table and the contract was dissolved. 2018 he became coach of SKN St. Pölten after the half of the season he went on to SK Rapid Wien where he was also player. In 2021 his contract was dissolved. In 2022 he became head coach of LASK. After just one season the contract was dissolved in June 2023 due to differences of opinion.
The 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot was a riot that took place on June 15, 2011 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The riot took place after the Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. It happened immediately after the Bruins defeated the Canucks. There were at least 140 people that were reported as being injured in the incident, one critically and at least four people were stabbed. Close to 100 people were arrested. People were angry over the result of the final game and threw objects at the large screens that were at the viewing area. They set fire to Boston Bruins flags, overturned and set fire to two vehicles in front of the main Canada Post headquarters. There were reports of similar car fires in a nearby parking garage that included two police cruisers. The rioters smashed windows and looted stores. The riot ended around midnight when people in the crowd either went home or were arrested. The mayor of Vancouver, Gregor Robertson, called the rioters "a small group of troublemakers". Several of the participants in the riot turned themselves in to the police after their faces were shown on TV, including the person responsible for setting the first car on fire. According to CBC News, the destruction caused by the rioters was worse than the riot that followed the Canucks loss in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals, especially the looting aspect.
Hermann Stadler (born 21 May 1961) is a former Austrian footballer. He is at the moment coach of the U 19 national team. Career. Hermann Stadler started playing football in his local club Oberndorfer SK. His professional career started in 1979, when he came to SV Austria Salzburg. 1983 he went, together with his friend Leo Lainer, to SK Rapid Wien. But in Vienna he did not play often, so he left the club and played a short time for SK VOEST Linz. Then he went back to SV Salzburg into the second league. With Salzburg he had his most successful time as player becoming two times Champion and reaching the UEFA Cup final versus Inter Mailand. His career ended in 1996 after 380 league matches (323 for Salzburg, 48 for Rapid, 9 for VOEST Linz) and 38 goals (36 for Salzburg, 2 for Rapid) Coach. He began in different positions mainly in the youth department with SV Austria Salzburg. Now he is coach of Austrias U 19 national team. Honours. 3 x: 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien), 1994, 1995 (with SV Austria Salzburg) 3 x: 1984, 1985, 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien) 1 x: 1985 (with SK Rapid Wien) 1 x 1994
Soham is a town and civil parish in East Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,102 people living in Soham. The town came to international attention in August 2002 following the disappearance of two girls, Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman.
The Tanami Desert is a desert in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is rocky with small hills, an arid and isolated area that was not fully explored until well into the twentieth century. It is crossed by the Tanami Track. The explorer John McDouall Stuart made repeated attempts to cross the desert in the 1860's while trying to reach the Victoria River. He was unable to find water. Under the name Tanami, it is one of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) regions. The desert is uniquely "one of the most important biological areas to be found in Australia particularly as it provides refuge for several of Australia's rare and endangered species."  The species that are found include: Significant bird species include:  Indigenous people. The Tanami Desert is home to the Kukatja and Walpiri people. The Tjurabalan live at the edge of the desert.
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichardt (1813—1848) was a German naturalist and explorer who explored the north of Australia. In 1844 Leichhardt led a small group from Moreton Bay in the south east corner of Queensland west to Port Essington in the Northern Territory. This was a trip of 4,828 km. They returned to Sydney by boat. He was presented with the Patrons Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in London. In 1848 he set out to cross the continent from east to west. He believed he could go north around the deserts to the coast of Western Australia, and then follow the coast south to the Swan River. After leaving the Darling Downs, Leichhardt's group disappeared. Many people searched, and there were stories about marked trees, or found items, but nothing was proved.  In 2006 a small piece of brass with Leichhardt's name on it proved to be a genuine item from the explorer. It had been found in 1900 by an Aboriginal stockman in Western Australia, close to the Northern Territory border, in the area between the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert.
A taxis (plural taxes) is an innate behavioral response by an organism to a directional stimulus. This means the organism automatically moves towards or away from the stimulus. A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often plant growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that the organism has motility and shows movement towards or away from the stimulus source. Even single-celled organisms can show taxis.
Euglena is a large genus of unicellular protists: they have both plant and animal characteristics. All live in water, and move by means of a flagellum. This is an animal characteristic. Most have chloroplasts, which are characteristic of algae and plants. Euglenids are believed to descend from an ancestor that took up green algae by secondary endosymbiosis. Over 1,000 species of "Euglena" have been described, and there are more to be discovered. Their relationships are being analysed. Form and function. When acting as a heterotroph (animal), the "Euglena" surrounds a particle of food and consumes it by phagocytosis. When acting as an autotroph, the "Euglena" has chloroplasts which produce sugars by photosynthesis. The chloroplasts use the pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The number and shape of chloroplasts within "Euglena" varies greatly. "Euglena" are able to move through aquatic environments by using a large flagellum for locomotion. To detect light, the cell has an eyespot, a primitive organelle that filters sunlight into light-detecting, photo-sensitive structures. These structures, at the base of the flagellum, allow only certain wavelengths of light to register. With the aid of this photo-sensitive area, the "Euglena" can shift its position to get better photosynthesis. The mobility of "Euglena" also allows hunting. Most "Euglena" are considered mixotrophs: autotrophs in sunlight and heterotrophs in the dark. "Euglena" do not have plant cell walls, but have a pellicle instead. The pellicle is made of protein bands that spiral down the length of the "Euglena" and lie beneath the plasma membrane. "Euglena" can survive in fresh and salt water. In low moisture conditions, "Euglena" forms a protective wall around itself and lies dormant as a spore until environmental conditions improve. "Euglena" can also survive in the dark by storing starch-like paramylon gran
Walter Nausch (5 February 1907 in Vienna; † 11. July 1957 in Obertraun, Upper Austria) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played mainly for FK Austria Wien and was member of Austrias so called "Wunderteam". As coach he coached the Austrian national football team, helping the team reach third place in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. Career. Over two minor clubs Nausch came 1923 to FK Austria Wien, then named Wiener Amateur-SV. Other than most of the players in the pre-war eara Nausch came out of Viennas middle classes. In 1924 he reached the Austrian championship which stayed to only championship he reached. Between 1925 and 1929 he played for WAC, but retourned to Austria and shaped together with Matthias Sindelar the style of FK Austria in the 1930s. Although he was a midfielder he also played as forward and defender. International success he reached in the 1930 winning two times the Mitropa Cup, an early form of the UEFA Championsleague. The first victory was in 1933 versus Inter Mailand (1:2;3:1) the second in 1936 versus Slavia Praha (0:0;1:0). As player he played from 1929 to 1937 in 39 matches for the Austrian national football team. He played many matches in the eara of the so-called "Wunderteam". He did not play the 1934 FIFA World Cup because he was ehavyly injured in a match versus Bulgaria. After the occupation of Austria in 1938 Austria Vienna was suppressed by the Nazi authoritys mainly because there were a lot of players and officials of Jewish origin. The Name was forbidden and they played under the name Sportclub Ostmark. Protected by his popularity Nausch often showed his disfavour of the nazis. As Nausch wanted to coach the team he was ordered by the authoritys to leave his wife who was of Jewish origin. He did not and fled to Switzerland. He became coach and player of Zürcher Young Fellows
Oculus is a Latin word which means "eye". The hole in the ceiling of the Pantheon in Rome is called the "Oculus".  A virtual reality headset from Facebook uses "Oculus" as a brand name"."