ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Chagossians (also Îlois or Chagos Islanders) are people who previously lived on the Chagos Islands. They are of African, Indian and Malay ancestry. They lived on Diego Garcia, Peros Banhos and the Salomon island chain, as well as other islands. They were forcibly removed from the islands by the British government in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This was done at the request of the United States government, so that Diego Garcia could become a military base. Most Chagossians now live in Mauritius and the United Kingdom. No Chagossians live in the Chagos Islands anymore, as it is now the site of the military base Camp Justice. The Chagossians are mostly descended from African people, particularly from Madagascar, Mozambique and Mauritius. There is also a significant proportion of Indian and Malay ancestry. The French brought some to the Chagos islands as slaves from Mauritius in 1786. Others arrived as fishermen, farmers, and coconut plantation workers during the 19th century. The Chagossians speak Chagossian Creole, a creole language based on French. It has words that come from various African and Asian languages. It is part of the Bourbonnais Creole family. Chagossian Creole is still spoken by some of their descendants in Mauritius and Seychelles. Chagossian people living in the UK speak English. On 22 May 2019, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution [86] asking the United Kingdom to surrender the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius within six months.
The Chagos Archipelago ( or ) or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas, and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls in the Indian Ocean. The atolls are made up of more than 60 individual islands. The islands are located about south of Maldives. The International community has a strong consensus that the islands are part of Mauritius, but nevertheless, they remain illegally occupied by the United Kingdom, which rents out the islands to the US for a military base. On 25 February 2019, in an advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice found that the United Kingdom illegally separated the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius after its independence in 1968.  The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on May 22, 2019, commanding Great Britain to return the Chagos Archipelago to the Republic of Mauritius within six months, which would allow Chagossians to recover their land, but Great Britain refused to comply. On 3 October 2024, the UK Government made a joint statement with the Mauritian government that they had negotiated for the sovereignty of the Chagos Islands following two years of negotiation whilst still enabling the running of the American military base in occupied Diego Garcia. Chagossians weren’t directly involved in the negotiations.
The Brighton hotel bombing was an attack at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England. It happened on 12 October 1984. A time bomb was planted in the hotel by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) member Patrick Magee. The purpose was to kill Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her ministers, who were staying at the hotel for the Conservative Party conference. Patrick Magee, an IRA volunteer, stayed in the hotel under the pseudonym "Roy Walsh" on the weekend of 14–17 September. During his stay, he planted the bomb under the bath in his room. The bomb brought down a five-ton chimney stack, which crashed down through the floors into the basement. Thatcher narrowly escaped injury. Five people were killed, including the Deputy Chief Whip Sir Anthony Berry, and 31 were injured. Margaret Tebbit, wife of Norman Tebbit had to use a wheelchair for the rest of her life. At 4am Thatcher gave an impromptu interview to the BBC saying that the conference would go on as usual. Marks &amp; Spencer opened early at 8:00 am so those who had lost their clothes in the bombing could purchase replacements. The bombing was called "the most audacious attack on a British government since the Gunpowder Plot". It "marked the end of an age of comparative innocence. From that day forward, all party conferences in this country have become heavily defended citadels".
In geometry, a flexagon is a flat model, usually made by folding a piece of paper, so that when 'flexed' (folded), one or more hidden faces will be revealed (shown) from within the model. Flexagons are usually square or rectangular (tetraflexagons) or hexagonal (hexaflexagons). A prefix can be added to the name to show the number of faces that the model can display, including the two faces (back and front) that are visible before flexing. For example, a hexaflexagon with a total of six faces is called a hexahexaflexagon. History. Discovery and introduction. Arthur H. Stone, a British man, is said to have first discovered the flexagon in 1939. At the time, he was a student at Princeton University in the United States. His new American paper would not fit in his English binder so he cut off the ends of the paper and began folding them into different shapes. One of these formed a trihexaflexagon.  Other students became interested in these shapes. They included Bryant Tuckerman, Richard Feynman, and John Tukey. Together, they formed the Princeton Flexagon Committee. Tuckerman worked out a topological method, called the "Tuckerman traverse", for revealing all the faces of a flexagon. Flexagons were introduced to the general public by the recreational mathematician Martin Gardner in 1956. He wrote about in the first "Mathematical Games" column that he wrote for "Scientific American" magazine. Attempted commercial development. In 1955, Russell Rogers and Leonard D'Andrea of Homestead Park, Pennsylvania applied for a patent. In 1959 they were granted U.S. Patent number 2,883,195 for the hexahexaflexagon, under the title "Changeable Amusement Devices and the Like."  Their patent imagined possible ways that the device could be used as a toy, an device for advertising, or as a device for learning about geometry." A few such novelties were produced by the Herbick &amp; Held Printing Company in Pittsburgh. The device, marketed as the "Hexmo", were not very successful.
Serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin poisoning, serotonin sickness, and many other names, is a medical condition that can happen if there is too much serotonin in your brain or other parts of your nervous system. Serotonin syndrome can be mild (doesn't make you very sick), but in rare situations, it can kill you. Serotonin syndrome can happen if you use some drugs that can increase the amount of serotonin in your nervous system. Some examples of drugs that can make you have serotonin syndrome are antidepressants, opioids, CNS stimulants, 5-HT1 agonists (a drug that changes the receptors of serotonin), psychedelics, herbs, and many others. Signs and symptoms. When gets too much serotonin in their body, they can start to feel sick very quickly. This sickness can show up in many different ways, like having a fast heartbeat, shivering, sweating, big pupils, and jerking or twitching muscles. Sometimes, these problems come from taking too much medicine, not just from having too much serotonin. When someone only gets a little ill, they might get loud stomach noises, high blood pressure, and start to feel very hot. People might also have trouble sleeping and feel very alert or anxious. Their muscles might twitch more in their legs than in their arms. If someone gets very sick, their heart can beat very fast, and blood pressure can get very high. They might get an extremely high temperature, which is very dangerous. Other serious problems can include muscle breakdown, seizures, kidney failure, and bleeding issues, usually because of the high temperature. The symptoms often come in three groups:
Clarence William "Bill" Nelson II (born September 29, 1942) is an American politician and astronaut. Nelson was the 14th Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from 2021 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the United States Senator from Florida from 2001 to 2019. He lost his re-election campaign in 2018 to Republican Governor Rick Scott. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978 and in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991. In January 1986, he became the second sitting member of Congress to fly in space, after Jake Garn. He was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle "Columbia". Nelson retired from Congress in 1990 to run for Governor of Florida, but was lost the Democratic nomination to Lawton Chiles. In March 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Nelson to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in his administration. Early life. Nelson was born in Miami, Florida. He was raised in Melbourne, Florida. Nelson studied at the University of Florida, Yale University and at the University of Virginia. Early political career. Nelson began his career in the Florida House of Representatives, where he served from 1973 to 1979. He then served in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991. In January 1986, Nelson became the second sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space along with John Glenn. He flew as a Payload Specialist on the Space Shuttle "Columbia". United States Senate. He served in the United States Senate, serving Florida from 2001 to 2019. In the U.S. Senate, he was a centrist and a moderate Democrat. Nelson supported same-sex marriage, lowering taxes on lower and middle income families, expanding environmental programs and regulation, protecting the Affordable Care Act and expanding Medicaid. Nelson chaired the Senate Aging Committee from 2013 to 2015, and was Ranking Member of the Senate Commerce Committee from 2015 to 2019. Nelson lost re-election
Colonel Gail Seymour "Hal" Halvorsen (October 10, 1920 – February 16, 2022) was an American career officer and command pilot in the United States Air Force. He was well known as the original Candy Bomber or the "Rosinenbomber" in Germany and a recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal. He piloted C-47s and C-54s during the Berlin airlift ("Operation Vittles") from 1948–1949. Halvorsen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. In October 2020, he turned 100. Halvoersen died at a hospital in Provo, Utah on February 16, 2022 from respiratory failure at the age of 101.
Władysław "Wladek" Szpilman (; 5 December 19116 July 2000) was a Polish pianist and classical composer. Szpilman is known as the main character of the Roman Polanski movie "The Pianist" (2002). This movie is based on the book of the same name. It recounts Polanski's survival of the German occupation of Warsaw and the Holocaust. Szpilman died in Warsaw, Poland on 6 July 2000 at the age of 88.
A dewlap is a flap of skin that hangs beneath the neck of many animals.  It can also be used to mean other things such as a double chin on a person or the vocal sac of a frog. The term dewlap can also be used to mean a "caruncle", defined as "a small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy". At times the appearance of a dewlap indicates a stage in an animal's development. For example, the appearance of a dewlap on a female rabbit indicates she is of breeding age.
Radio galaxies and their relatives, radio-loud quasars and blazars, are types of active galaxy that are very luminous at radio wavelengths. They have luminosities up to 1039 W between 10 MHz and 100 GHz.  The radio emission is due to the synchrotron process. The observed structure in radio emission is determined by the interaction between twin jets and the external medium, modified by the effects of relativistic beaming. Radio galaxies are almost exclusively large elliptical galaxies. "Radio-loud" active galaxies can be detected at large distances, making them valuable tools for observation. Recently, much work has been done on the effects of these objects on the intergalactic medium, particularly in galaxy groups and clusters.
Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme (; 5 December 1922, Lewisham – 25 June 1987) was a British scientist who worked on the atom. Birth. He was born in Lewisham , a suburb of London. His father was a bank clerk. He first went to a school in Lewisham, but was so good at maths that he was given a scholarship (free place) to Eton college. Education. There he was also good at math and won prizes in the subject. He got a place at Cambridge University and again was better than his fellow students leaving with the best degree, a first class degree. Works. When he left Cambridge in 1943 World War Two was at its height and he was told by the government to work on atomic energy under another scientist Rudolf Peierls to help win the war. When America began to secretly build the atomic bomb these two men and a few other Britons went to America to help them achieve their goal. Tony Skyrme did important work towards the two atomic bombs that ended the war. He then worked back in Britain on studying atoms. He used a way of understanding how atoms work by inventing an atom sized thing called a skyrmion. It is still used today to understand atoms.
Biggin Hill is a small town, just on the edge of Greater London. Biggin Hill has an airport that is famous for being used during World War 2, as well as it's yearly air show.
A skyrmion is an quantum entity in atomic physics that can occur in some materials like solids and Bose–Einstein condensates. They are made up from a persistent vortex that is a quantum superposition of baryons and resonance states. These vortices behave like particles but are not. They are called quasiparticles and have mass just like a real particle.  They were first though of mathematically by the British scientist Tony Skyrme in 1962 and named after him in 1982. In 2009 physicists from the Technical University of Munich were able to create and see skyrmions for the first time in a very cold magnetic solid. Skyrmions are important in the emerging solid state technology of spintronics where they promise data storage at much higher densities than ever before.
The Raid at Cabanatuan, also known as The Great Raid, was a rescue of Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and civilians from a Japanese prisoner of war camp near Cabanatuan City, in the Philippines. With the landing and advance of General Douglas MacArthur in late 1944, it was feared the Japanese would move the prisoners to Japan or kill them. On January 30, 1945, during World War II, United States Army Rangers, Alamo Scouts, and Filipino guerrillas liberated 511 prisoners from the camp. The daring raid is still studied by Army Rangers today as a classic example. Background. After the Attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan and its allies. At the same time the Japanese also attacked the American bases at Guam, Wake Island and the Philippines. While Guam and Wake Island soon fell, Filipino and U.S. forces resisted in the Philippines until early May 1942. By this time, the Japanese controlled nearly all of Southeast Asia. The Bataan peninsula and the island of Corregidor were the only remaining Allied strongholds in the region. On April 9, 1942 about 11,800 American, 66,000 Filipino and 1,000 Chinese-Filipinos surrendered to the Japanese. They were starving, sick and fatigued, yet were forced to march 60 miles (97 km) with many dying along the way. This was the infamous Bataan Death March. Many also escaped and joined guerrilla forces hiding in the mountains. About 79,000 survived and were imprisoned at Camp O'Donnell. The American and Filipino forces on Island of Corregidor surrendered on May 6, 1942. The approximately 79,000 forces captured on Corregidor were not a part of the Death March. They were loaded onto cargo ships and taken to Manila. There they were marched through the streets as a celebration of the Japanese victory. They were then sent to Cabanatuan camp number 1 near Cabanatuan city. They were joined by other American prisoners from Camp O'Donnell. Conditions
Battle rap (or rap battling) is a type of rapping that includes boasting and bragging. Rap battles are often performed as live contests in front of an audience. Two or more rappers compete to see who has the better verses. The raps can be rehearsed or freestyled. A freestyle battle is where the rappers use improvised lyrics. Battling can also occur on recorded songs. Each competitor's goal is to insult their opponent through clever lyrics. They must also convince the audience that they are the better rapper. Judges have been used in formal contests. Without judges, the rapper who receives the best response from the audience is viewed as the winner. ERB. The YouTube channel Epic Rap Battles of History is based on the idea of famous people from history and well-known fictional characters battle rapping
Alley Mills (born May 9, 1951) is an American actress. She was born in Chicago, Illinois on May 9. Mills has appeared in the television shows "Yes, Dear", "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman", "Strong Medicine" and "Sabrina the Teenage Witch". She has appeared in theater productions. Mills plays the character Pam Douglas in "The Bold And The Beautiful".  Personal life. She met her husband, Orson Bean, at a reading of a play in Los Angeles. They married on April 18, 1993.
Benoît Violier (22 August 1971 – 31 January 2016) was a French-Swiss chef. He owned the three Michelin star Restaurant de l'hôtel de Ville from 2012 until his death. The restaurant was first on La Liste in December 2015. Violier was born in Saintes, Charente-Maritime. He studied in Paris. He moved to Switzerland in 1996 to work for Philippe Rochat. He became a Swiss citizen in 2014. Violier was found dead from a gunshot wound on 31 January 2016 in Crissier. He was 44. His death was reported as a suicide.
Death of a Hero is a book by Richard Aldington. It was his first novel, published in 1929. It is thought to be partly about his own life. The story is set during World War I. Plot. "Death of a Hero" is the story of a young English artist named George Winterbourne who enlists in the army at the beginning of World War I. The story is told by an unnamed narrator, who speaks in the first person. The narrator claims to have known and served with the main character. The story is divided into three parts. Book I. The first part details George's family history. His father, a middle-class man from England's countryside, marries a poor woman who falsely believes she is marrying into a monied family. After George's birth, his mother has a series of lovers. George is brought up to be a proper and patriotic member of English society. He is encouraged to learn his father's insurance business, but fails to do so. After a disagreement with his parents, he relocates to London to become an artist and live a socialite lifestyle. Book II. The second section of the book deals with George's London life. He ingrains himself in socialite society and engages a number of trendy philosophies. After he and his lover, Elizabeth, have a pregnancy scare, they decide to marry. Although they do not have a child, the marriage endures. They decide to leave their marriage open. George takes Elizabeth's close friend as a lover, however, and their marriage begins to fall apart. Just as the situation is becoming particularly heated, England declares war on Germany. George decides to enlist. Book III. George trains for the army and is sent to France. (No particular location in France is mentioned. The town behind the front where George spends much of his time is referred to as M---.) He fights on the front for some time. When he returns home, he finds that he has been so affected by the war that he cannot relate to his friends, including his wife and lover. The casualty rate among officers is particularly high at the front. When a number of officers in George's unit are killed, he is promoted. Upon spending time
Lewis V. Baldwin (born 1949) is a professor of religious studies at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He is an award-winning historian and author of a number of books on Martin Luther King, Jr. Education. He was born and raised in Camden, Alabama. In 1971 he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History. Baldwin studied at Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School from 1971 to 1975. He received his Master of Arts degree in 1973. In 1975 he received his Master of Divinity degree in Theology. In the autumn of 1975 he entered the Ph.D. at Northwestern University. He completed his degree in 1980. In 1978 he was ordained a minister in Greenville Alabama by his father, Pastor L. V. Baldwin, Sr. On June 16, 1987, Baldwin became a deacon in the United Methodist Church. Teaching career. Dr. Baldwin taught at the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio. He has also taught at Colgate University and Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School in New York. He was a professor at Fisk University and American Baptist College in Nashville before coming to Vanderbilt University. He lives in Nashville, Tennessee. Bibliography. Dr. Baldwin is the author of over 60 articles and several books. These include: Awards. He received the "American Theological Library Association Award" for his book ""Invisible" Strands". Baldwin won the "Midwest Book Achievement Award" of the Midwest Independent Publishers Association. This was for his book "A Balm in Gilead".
The little owl ("Athene noctua") is a bird that lives in the temperate and warmer parts of Europe, Asia (east to Korea), and North Africa. It was introduced into Britain at the end of the nineteenth century, and into the South Island of New Zealand in the early twentieth century. This owl is a member of the Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other group is the barn owls, Tytonidae.  The little owl is a small, mainly nocturnal species. It is found in a range of habitats such as farmland, woodland fringes, steppes and semi-deserts. It is camouflaged, and especially hard to see if the background is wood or stone covered with lichen. It feeds on insects, earthworms, other invertebrates and small vertebrates such as mice and shrews.  Males have territories which they defend against intruders. This owl is a cavity nester and a clutch of about four eggs is laid in spring. The female does the incubation and the male brings food to the nest, first for the female and later for the newly hatched young. As the chicks grow, both parents hunt and bring them food, and the chicks leave the nest at about seven weeks of age. There are thirteen recognized subspecies of little owl spread across Europe and Asia.
UBS AG is a Swiss finance company. It is an investment bank. 60,000 people work with them in total around the world. The headquarters are in Zürich. Stéphane Schmutz, Professeur propose le compte Icare à l'UBS. Il s'agit d'un compte dont le taux d'épargne augmente sensiblement dans une période prédéfinie de temps. Le compte Icare a des barières: a la possibilité de retirer l'argent déposé. b les conditions bancaires. Par exemple la banque peut accepter une entrée sur Icare ou la refuser, ou même la stoper. Icare représente un formidable bond en avant dans l'économie du monde entier 1 www. lanouvelledoublehelice.ch source: téléphone au111 2000 " Passez-moi le gouvernement, c'est urgent!"