ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Hershey is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey. The community is located east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 13,858 at the 2020 census.
Lovell is an unincorporated community in Wyandot County, Ohio. History. Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909. The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.
Agnès Varda (30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019) was a French movie director and producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, artist, photographer. She was also a professor at the European Graduate School. Her movies, photographs, and artworks focused on realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style. Movie historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave movie movement. She was known for her works "Cleo de 5 a 7", "La Pointe Courte", and "Vagabond". Varda was born in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium to French parents. She studied at École des Beaux-Arts. Varda was married to Jacques Demy from 1962 until his death in 1990. They had one daughter, Rosalie. Varda died of cancer on 29 March 2019 in Paris, at the age of 90.
U.S. News &amp; World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinions, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. It was founded as a weekly news magazine in 1933. Since 2010, it mainly publishes its content on the internet. U.S. News is best known today for its influential rankings of colleges and hospitals. It has expanded its content on education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars. The editorial staff of U.S. News &amp; World Report is based in Washington, D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content editor since April 2007. The company is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman.
Richard Sugarman (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of Religion and Philosophy at the University of Vermont. He has been called a "world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas." He is a political advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign. He studied philosophy at Yale and Boston University. Sugarman is of Jewish descent. He is an Orthodox Jew and also a Zionist.
Outsider in the White House is a political memoir written by Huck Gutman and Bernie Sanders. It was first published as "Outsider in the House" in 1997. It was republished in 2015, when Sanders ran for President of the United States. The book contains an afterword by journalist John Nichols.  The book talks about Sanders's support for the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. This law gives United States citizens the right to own guns.
John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper (10 September 1935 – 29 January 2016) was a British politician. Roper was elected Member of Parliament for Farnworth in 1970. He sat as a Labour Co-operative MP from 1970 to 1981, and for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1981 to 1983, when he was also the party's Chief Whip. His Farnworth seat was then abolished, and he contested the seat of Worsley at the 1983 general election. He finished third in a three-way marginal election. On 12 May 2000, he was created a life peer as Baron Roper, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster. He was the Liberal Democrat Chief Whip in the House of Lords until 2005. He was then appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. In 2008, he was elected Principal Deputy Chairman of Committees. He retired from the House of Lords on 23 May 2015. Roper died on 29 January 2016 after a long illness. He was aged 80.
Aleš Debeljak (25 December 1961 – 28 January 2016) was a Slovenian cultural critic, poet, and essayist. He was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. From the mid-1980s onwards, Debeljak took an active part in civil society movements. He was one of the co-editors of popular journal "Nova revija". Debeljak was killed in a car crash on 28 January 2016. He was aged 54.
Augusto Giomo (3 February 1940 – 27 January 2016) was an Italian basketball player. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He finished in fourth and fifth place. His younger brother Giorgio played for Italy at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Treviso. Giomo died in Treviso, from cancer, on 27 January 2016. He was aged 75.
Paul Ichiro Terasaki (September 10, 1929 – January 25, 2016) was an American scientist. He worked in the field of human organ transplant technology. He was the Professor Emeritus of Surgery at UCLA School of Medicine. Terasaki was born in Los Angeles, California.  In 1964, Terasaki developed the microcytotoxicity test. This is a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients. It required only 1 microliter of antisera used to identify human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Terasaki died on January 25, 2016 after a long illness in Beverly Hills, California. He was aged 86.
Michel Legrand (24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist. He was born Courbevoie, in present-day France. Legrand was a well-known composer. He has written over 200 movie and television scores, as well as many memorable songs.  He was best known for his movie music, such as "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" (1964) and "The Thomas Crown Affair" (1968). "The Thomas Crown Affair" featured the song "The Windmills of Your Mind". Legrand won his first Academy Award for this song. He would win another Academy Award in 1971 for "Summer of '42". Legrand died suddenly from sepsis after suffering from a lung infection in Paris on 26 January 2019 at the age of 86.
A pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) is a nuclear reactor developed by Canada. It commonly uses uranium as its fuel. It uses heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as its coolant and neutron moderator. The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure. This allows it to be heated to higher temperatures without boiling. While heavy water is a lot more expensive than ordinary water, it creates greatly enhanced neutron economy. This allows the reactor to operate without fuel-enrichment facilities (offsetting the additional expense of the heavy water).
The Whirlpool galaxy, is also known as Messier 51a, M51a, or NGC 5194. It is a large galaxy with well-defined spiral arms, with a smaller companion galaxy. They have been through a collision, and are still interacting. The Whirlpool was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. Different methods put its distance as between 15 to 35 million light-years. Recently it was estimated to be 23 ± 4 million light-years from the Milky Way. Messier 51 is one of the best known galaxies in the sky. Its spiral arms are so impressive and well-defined that it is called a "grand design" spiral galaxy. It has an active galactic nucleus, no doubt fuelled by a massive black hole. The galaxy and its companion, NGC 5195, are easily seen by amateur astronomers, in the constellation Canes Venatici. The two galaxies can be seen with binoculars. The Whirlpool galaxy is also a popular target for professional astronomers. They study its galaxy structure (particularly the spiral arms) and galaxy interactions.
In many branches of science, including mathematics, mathematical optimization is a branch that is about finding a right set of answers that gives the best (optimal) solution to a problem, given some limitations, or criteria. In the simplest case, this means that a function needs to be minimized or maximized.  Example. For example, consider a baker with a set amount of flour, sugar, yeast, etc. They also are given five hours to prepare. Time and ingredients are the constraints, or criteria. The baker is tasked with providing the largest volume of food to feed a hungry crowd. Maximizing the number of servings is the optimization function. Difficulty. Many problems are much harder, though, and solving them analytically is not feasible: in these cases, numerical methods are often used. This often is a result of when the decisions that need to be made involve whole numbers. A baker can usually make half of a recipe, but consider a rancher trying to determine how many cattle and sheep to graze. Limitations may include amount of land available or money to purchase the animals. The optimization function is to maximize profit. If they could purchase a fraction of a cow or sheep, then the problem is pretty easy to solve. However, since one can only buy whole sheep or cows, the problem becomes very difficult to solve perfectly, so the best one can do is sometimes to get a "best guess" using numerical methods with the help of a computer. Solutions. The first step is usually to take the derivative of the initial function. From here maxima or minima can be found within a domain by simply finding the critical points. These include domain (x) values where the differentiated function equals 0 or does not exist. Simply finding critical points is not enough to determine maxima or minima. The final step to determining a maximum, minimum, or neither can be one of two methods. (1) X values lesser and lesser than the critical point must be substituted into the differentiated function to determine if the values change sign. If they go from negative to positive, the critical point is a minimum. If they go from positive to negative, the critical point is a maximum. If neither occurs, the point is
The Arab slave trade, (also called the trans-Saharan slave trade) was a slave trade in which slaves were mainly transported across the Sahara. Most were moved from West Africa and Central Africa to North Africa to be sold to Mediterranean and Middle Eastern civilizations; a small percentage went the other direction. Estimates of the total number of black slaves moved from sub-Saharan Africa to the Arab world range from 6-10 million. The trans-Saharan trade routes conveyed a significant number of this total, with one estimate tallying around 7.2 million slaves crossing the Sahara from the mid-7th century until the 20th century (in 1956 in Saudi Arabia) when it was abolished.  The Arabs managed and operated the trans-Saharan slave trade, although Berbers were also actively involved and also traded. Alongside sub-Saharan Africans, Turks, Iranians, Europeans and Berbers were among the people traded by the Arabs, with the trade being practised throughout the Arab world, primarily in Western Asia, North Africa, East Africa, and Europe. History. One of the oldest slave trades in history was the Arab trade of Zanj (Bantu) slaves in Southeast Africa. This trade began 700 years before the European Atlantic slave trade. Men taken as slaves were often used as servants, soldiers, or workers. Women and children were mainly used as servants and concubines. However, according to Islamic law and Muslim jurists castration of slaves was deemed unlawful this view is also mentioned in the Hadith. Most male slaves were castrated. It is estimated that as many as 6 out of every 10 boys bled to death during this process. Those who survived castration were often used as plantation workers and auxiliary soldiers, noticing that as early as 696 AD, African soldiers revolted against Umayyad authority in lower Iraq. Female slaves were mainly kept as concubines. The trade of Southeast African slaves would continue until 1890, when British officials forced the Sultan of Zanzibar to end slave sales within his territories.  During the Arab slave trade,  Europeans were among those traded by the Arabs. The term "Saqaliba" (Arabic: صقالبة
John B. King Jr. (born January 5, 1975) is an American politician. He was the Secretary of Education at the U.S. Department of Education from 2016 to 2017. Before, he served as its Acting Deputy Secretary, and from 2011 to 2014, he was the New York State Education Commissioner.  The former Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, was given the job of putting into effect the No Child Left Behind Act. However, King is required to put into effect the law that replaces that law, the Every Student Succeeds Act. In April 2021, King announced that he would be running for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Maryland in the 2022 election. He lost the Democratic nomination in July 2022.
The Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC 4039) are two colliding galaxies. They are in the constellation Corvus. The process takes hundreds of millions of years, maybe even a billion years. The collision, with its clouds of gas, dust and magnetic fields, causes extremely rapid star formation. This is their starburst phase, and might last a few hundred million years. They were discovered by William Herschel in 1785. They are in the NGC 4038 group with five other galaxies. Before The Collision, NGC 4038 was a barred spiral galaxy and NGC 4039 was a spiral galaxy. These two galaxies are known as the Antennae galaxies because they have two long tails of stars, gas and dust ejected from the galaxies as a result of tidal force in the collision that look like an insect’s antennae. The nuclei of the two galaxies are joining to become one giant galaxy, sometime in the future to form an Elliptical galaxy. These interacting galaxies are nearer and less remote to the Milky Way than previously thought—at 45 million light-years instead of 65 million light-years.
Chaim Yisroel Belsky (August 22, 1938 – January 28, 2016) was an American rabbi and posek of Orthodox and Haredi Judaism. He was one of the roshei yeshivas at Yeshiva Torah Vodaas, and rabbi of the summer camp network run by Agudath Israel of America. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Belsky was criticized by other rabbis for his repeated defense of sexual abusers. Some have claimed that he intimidated victims of abuse. Belsky has publicly stated that victims should not report their rape to the police. Belsky was taken to hospital on January 22, 2016 in Brooklyn. He had a "serious illness". He died eight days later on January 30, at the age of 77.
Jean-Marie Doré (12 June 1938 – 29 January 2016) was a Guinean politician. He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from January 2010 until December 2010. Doré was the President of the Union for the Progress of Guinea (UPG). He was opposition leader for years before being chosen to lead a transitional government that was in place during the preparation and conduct of the 2010 presidential election. Doré died in Conakry on 29 January 2016, at the age of 77.
T. N. Gopakumar (1957 – 30 January 2016) was an Indian writer, movie director and journalist. He was the news editor in chief of Asianet News. Gopakumar was also the producer and anchorperson of the popular weekly programme "Kannadi" on Asianet. Gopakumar died of cancer in a private hospital in Thiruvananthapuram on 30 January 2016. He was aged 58.
Georgia Montgomery Davis Powers (October 19, 1923 – January 30, 2016) was an American politician and civil rights activist. She served for 21 years as a member of the state Senate of Kentucky. When elected in 1967, she became the first non-White person and the first woman elected to the Kentucky Senate. She was born in Springfield, Kentucky. Powers died of congestive heart failure in Louisville, Kentucky on January 30, 2016. She was aged 92.
Karolína Kurková (born 28 February 1984), is a Czech model. She is best known as a former Victoria's Secret Angel. Career. Kurková was discovered by Miuccia Prada in 1999. She became the face of Louis Vuitton in 2001, Chanel in 2003. In 2002, Kurková was the youngest model to be elected the Model of the Year at the VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards. After walking for Victoria's Secret since 2001, she was an Angel from 2005 to 2009. In 2002 and 2006, Kurková wore the Fantasy Bra, a multimillion dollar bra, during the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. In 2008, E! named her the sexiest woman of the year.
Jean Paul Gaultier (; born 24 April 1952) is a French haute couture fashion designer. He created his own ready-to-wear brand in 1976. His first couture fashion show was in 1997. From 1993 to 1997, Trademark co-hosted "Eurotrash" with Antoine de Caunes on Channel 4 (UK).  Career. He was the creative director of Hermès from 2003 to 2010. Gaultier ended his ready-to-wear line in 2014 in order to focus on haute couture and his perfume range. References. &lt;br&gt;
In 2015, Jeremy Corbyn, the Member of Parliament for Islington North, stood as a candidate in the British Labour Party leadership election. His campaign that would eventually result in his becoming the leader of the Labour Party. His campaign was announced in an article for the "Islington Tribune" on 3 June 2015. Corbyn promised support for the anti-austerity movement and because he wanted to "give Labour Party members a voice" in the debate. Background. Announcement. He was originally seen as an "outsider" in the leadership race. This means that, though he was a member of the Labour Party, he was not someone people expected to be leader. Bookmakers had his odds of winning at 200-to-1. However, following a series of televised and radio debates with the other three candidates – Andy Burnham, Yvette Cooper and Liz Kendall – Corbyn went on to gain the support of six of the fourteen trade unions affiliated with the Labour Party. This included the UK's two largest trade unions, Unite and UNISON. He received the highest number of supporting nominations from Constituency Labour Parties, winning over 100 by the end of July. Many politicians, unions and celebrities supported Corbyn such as Ken Livingstone, Emma Thompson, Russell Brand, Daniel Radcliffe, Joseph Stiglitz, Bernie Sanders and Michael Meacher. Victory. To become a candidate in the party's election, 35 nominations from Labour MPs are needed. Commentators in the media widely predicted that Corbyn would struggle to get this many. However, he managed at a very late stage, to secure enough support, with 36 nominations in total. Around 12 of the MPs who nominated him actually supported other candidates, but "lent" him their support in order to widen the contest. Corbyn was reported to say: "We had two minutes to spare, it was easy." On September 12, 2015, at a special conference held in the Queen Elizabeth Conference Centre, Corbyn was announced to have been elected Leader of the Labour Party. He won 59.5% of first-preference votes.
The Leader of the Labour Party is the leading politician within the Labour Party in the United Kingdom. Since 4 April 2020, Keir Starmer is leader. He represents the constituency of Holborn and St Pancras. Starmer is also the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The post of Leader of the Labour Party was officially created in 1922. Before this time, between when Labour MPs were first elected in 1906 and the election in 1922, when substantial gains were made, the post was known as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party. Leaders of the Labour Party 2007-Present. A list of leaders (including acting leaders) since 1906.
Islington North is a constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. The seat has been held since 1983 by Jeremy Corbyn of the Labour Party. Corbyn was Leader of the Labour Party and the Leader of the Opposition from September 2015 to April 2020. At , it is the smallest UK Parliamentary constituency.
Thomas Anthony Watson (born 8 January 1967) is a British Labour Party politician. He was elected as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in September 2015. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich East from 2001 through 2019. He was Minister for Digital Engagement and the Civil Service at the Cabinet Office from 2008 to 2009. On 6 November 2019 Watson announced that he would be standing down both as an MP and as Deputy Leader, and leave office on 12 December 2019, stating that his reasons for standing down were "personal, not political."
Michael Joseph O'Halloran (20 August 1933 – 29 November 1999) was a British politician. He was a member of the Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party. He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington North in a by-election in 1969 after the death of MP Gerry Reynolds. He was secretary of the Constituency Labour Party. O'Halloran was among the Labour MPs who moved to the new Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981.  In 1983, the SDP chose John Grant, the MP for Islington Central (which was being abolished in boundary changes), to be its candidate in Islington North. O'Halloran left the SDP to stand as an independent Labour candidate in the 1983 general election. The official Labour candidate Jeremy Corbyn won while O'Halloran came in fourth with 11% of the vote. Grant came third with 22% of the vote. He retired to County Wexford. He died on 29 November 1999 from a heart attack at the age of 66.
A union representative, union steward or shop steward is an employee of an organization or company who represents and defends the interests of her/his fellow employees but who also works for a trades union.  Ordinary members of the union are elected to this position by fellow workers or sometimes by appointment of a higher union body. While working as a representative, they keep their role as an employee of the company.  As a result, the union steward becomes an important link and source of information between the union leadership and ordinary workers.
Torrington may refer to: Places. In Australia: In Canada: In the United Kingdom: In the United States of America:
A constituency Labour Party (CLP) is an organisation of members of the British Labour Party who live in a particular UK parliamentary constituency in England, Scotland and Wales. The Labour Party in Northern Ireland has, since February 2009, been organised as a single constituency. For much of the Labour Party's history, especially during the 1980s, CLPs were perceived as the more left wing faction in the Labour Party. The unions were said to be a more moderate or pragmatic force.
A whip (also called a party whip) is a legislator who acts as an "enforcer" for their political party. Their job is to make sure the other legislators in their party vote according to the official party policy. If a legislator votes against party policy, they might "lose the whip", being effectively expelled from the party. A whip must also make sure that the elected representatives of their party are in attendance when important votes are taken. The usage comes from the hunting term "whipping in", which means to stop hounds from wandering away from the pack.  Whips exist in the legislatures of many countries, including the United States, Great Britain, and New Zealand.
The anti-austerity movement refers to the mobilization of street protests and grassroots campaigns that has happened across many countries, especially in Europe, since the onset of the worldwide Great Recession.  Anti-austerity actions are different and ongoing. They continue as of the present day. The global Occupy movement has arguably been the most noticeable physical enactment of anti-austerity and populist sentiment.
The United Kingdom government deficit reduction programme is a series of reductions in public spending, intended to reduce the government budget deficit and the welfare state in the United Kingdom. However, the NHS and education were "ringfenced" and protected from spending cuts. Background. The programme was created in 2010 by the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government. Its original stated goal was to, "achieve cyclically-adjusted current balance by the end of the rolling, five-year forecast period." At the June 2010 budget, the end of the forecast period was 2015–16. However, in 2014 the Treasury extended the proposed austerity period until at least 2018.
An anti-war movement (also "antiwar") is a social movement, usually against to a nation's decision to start or continue a war. It does not matter whether the nation has a just cause for war. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. Many activists distinguish between anti-war movements and peace movements. Anti-war activists work through protest and other peaceful means to attempt to pressure a government (or governments) to put an end to a particular war or conflict.