ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Daniel Callahan (July 19, 1930 – July 16, 2019) was an American philosopher. He was an important person towards the field of biomedical ethics. He was the co-founder of The Hastings Center, the world's first bioethics research institute. He was the Director of The Hastings Center from 1969 to 1983, president from 1984 to 1996, and president emeritus from 1996 to 2019. He was the author or editor of 47 books. He was born in Washington, D.C.. Callahan died on July 16, 2019 in Dobbs Ferry, New York at the age of 88.
John Adel Elya (16 September 1928 – 19 July 2019) was a bishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. From 1993 to 2004, he was Eparch of Newton, with jurisdiction over Melkite churches in the United States. He was born in Maghdouché, Lebanon. Elya died on 19 July 2019 at the age of 90.
Albert Daniel "Bert" Rechichar (July 16, 1930 – July 19, 2019) was an American football defensive back and kicker. He played with the National Football League's Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Colts, and Pittsburgh Steelers from 1952 to 1960. He also played for the American Football League's New York Titans in 1961. He was born in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania. Rechichar died on July 19, 2019 in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania from an illness, aged 89.
Ilaria Occhini (28 March 1934 – 20 July 2019) was an Italian actress. She starred in more than 30 movies. Her best known roles were "Doctor and the Healer", "Welcome to Home Gori" and "Loose Cannons". Her husband was screenwriter Raffaele La Capria. Occhini died in Rome on 20 July 2019 at the age of 85.
José Manuel Estepa Llaurens (1 January 1926 – 21 July 2019) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church and Military Archbishop Emeritus of Spain from 1986 to 2003. He was born in Andújar, Spain. He was created Cardinal-Priest of "S. Gabriele Arcangelo all’Acqua Traversa" by Pope Benedict XVI in a consistory at St. Peter's Basilica on 20 November 2010. Because he had already reached age 80, he was not eligible to participate in a conclave. Estepa Llaurens died on 21 July 2019 in Madrid at the age of 93.
Louis Lansana Beavogui (28 December 1923 – 19 August 1984) was a Guinean politician. He was the first Prime Minister of Guinea from 26 April 1972 to 3 April 1984 and was interim President from 26 March 1984 to 3 April 1984. Beavogui was born on 28 December 1923 in Macenta, French Guinea (now Guinea) and died of diabetes while hospitalized in Conakry, Guinea on 19 August 1984, aged 60.
The Ryukyu Kingdom is a country that no longer exists in present-day Okinawa. Before Japan took control of it during the Meiji Era, it was an independent country with its own culture, government, and language from 1429 to 1879. Okinawa was a major trading center in Asia, so there are aspects of Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian cultures that were blended into the native Okinawan culture. The name Ryukyu is a transcription of the Chinese name for the region, "Liuqiu" (written as 琉球 in Chinese characters). Before the Ryukyu Kingdom was created, Okinawa was made up of three countries: Nanzan, Chuzan, and Hokuzan. Chuzan took over the other two kingdoms, united the three kingdoms, and created the Ryukyu Kingdom. The kingdom had its own dynasty of kings and they ruled from Shuri Castle in the city of Shuri. Although they used to be different cities, Shuri is now in the northern part of present-day Naha.
Shurijo or Shuri Castle was the palace where the Ryukyu kings lived before Okinawa became part of Japan. Since it was built when Okinawa was independent, the castle structure is very different from other castles in Japan. Shuri Castle is located in Shuri. Shuri was once the Ryukyu capital, but it is now part of the present-day city of Naha. Throughout its history, it had been destroyed and rebuilt four times, including during the Battle of Okinawa. This is why the courtyard is a little asymmetrical, or lop-sided. It was a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On the morning of 31 October 2019, a large fire broke out at the main hall of the castle. "Seiden", "Hokuden", "Nanden" and "Bandokoro" were completely destroyed. According to news sources, "Six castle buildings occupying some 4,200 square meters in total were [destroyed]." The fire was put out around 1:30 p.m.
The Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings occurred on 20 July 1982. Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army used a bomb in each park to attack British military ceremonies in central London. In Hyde Park, a nail bomb in a car exploded. It killed four soldiers and seven horses. In Regent's Park, a bomb underneath a bandstand killed seven military bandsmen.
Mainland Japan is the name used to describe all the regions of Japan except for Hokkaido and Okinawa. Until the end of World War II, the name included Hokkaido and Okinawa, but it excluded all the colonies of the Japanese Empire, including Korea and Taiwan. However, since the colonies are no longer under control of Japan, those places have no reason to call Japan "the mainland." However, they are still used by residents of Okinawa and Hokkaido because their cultures and native people are different from the other parts of Japan. In Hokkiado, the word "Dogai" is also used. It means every part of Japan outside of Hokkaido.
The Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1911 happened when Outer Mongolia did not want to be part of the Qing dynasty anymore. They wanted to govern themselves. It happened at the same time as the Xinhai Revolution.  Outer Mongolia is now the modern country of Mongolia. It is different from Inner Mongolia, which is in China. Why did it happen? Mongolia used to be part of the Qing dynasty. But by the 20th century Mongolia was poor. Because of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) many other people were poor. The Qing was running out of money.  The Qing also moved many of the Mongols' animals to the rest of China to feed others. This made Mongols upset. Manchus people created the Qing dynasty. They were not Han Chinese. But they eventually became Chinese themselves. They failed to keep the Manchus "pure". Still they tried to separate Han from Manchus and Mongols. For example, Han could not enter Mongolia, and Mongols could not leave Mongolia. Mongols were not allowed to speak Chinese.  In 1895, the Qing lost the First Sino-Japanese War. The Qing was declining. The Boxer Rebellion and Japan's victory over Russia in 1905 made the Chinese hopeful that they could make things better. So they created new reforms called the Xinzheng or "New Policies" (新政). One of the goals of Xinzheng was to move more Han Chinese into Outer Mongolia (cultural assimilation). This was to tell Russians to stay away from Mongolia as it still belonged to China. The Qing thought of this as a "shield". Between 1901 and 1910, the Qing passed laws allowing: Han Chinese to settle Chinese Mongolia, intermarriage between Han and Mongol Chinese, Mongols to speak Chinese. In 1910 the Qing government made Sando the ruler of Mongolia in Ulaanbaatar. Plans were made to send Han farmers to Mongolia. In January 1911 the army was organized. Half of the army was Mongol. The Mongolians did not like this. They did not like the tax. They were "penniless". They did
The Korean Empire (Daehan Jeguk"," ) was established in 1897 and lasted between until 1910. It was the last time Korea was unified and independent. The empire was established when King Gojong declared himself “Emperor” of Korea  . After the First Sino-Japanese War, Korea was no longer a Chinese tributary state. In 1907 Korea became a Japanese protectorate, then was annexed in 1910 by Japan as the province of Josean. Korea became a Japanese colony until 1945. Then after the Korean War it split. History. 1904-1905. After First Sino-Japanese War, the Russia Empire and Japanese Empire fought for the control of Korea Peninsula. Eventually, the Russo-Japanese War occured. The Russia Empire was defeated by the Japanese Empire that was supported by British Empire. Then, the Korea Empire's Neutrality was threaten by the Japanese Empire. At the Russo-Japanese War, the British Empire and the United States viewed on Korea's peace was not important more than the Russia's expansion. In addition, the international views on a Korea Penisula was changed. The Japanese Empire's forces got stronger as the time pass. Korea's unequal treaties were hidden and ignored.
The Japanese annexation of Korea happened on 29 August 1910. The Empire of Japan annexed (made part of its territory) the Korean Empire according to the concluded on 22 August 1910. In Japanese, it is also called 日韓併合、朝鮮併合、日韓合邦 which translate as annexation of Korea, annexation of Joseon (an old name of Korea), and unification of Japan and Korea. In Korean, It's called 경술국치 (庚戌國恥), 국권피탈 (國權被奪) which mean national humiliation in year (1910), and coercive loss of national sovereignty by Japan. Then Japanese ruled Korea until 1945, after the Potsdam Conference at the end of World War II.
Ellsworth County (county code EW) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2020, 6,376 people lived there. Its county seat is Ellsworth. Ellsworth is also the biggest city in the county. Geography. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (1.0%) is water. It is intersected by the Smoky Hill River.
is a 2015 Japanese anime television series. It was created, written, and directed by Yuzuru Tachikawa and produced by Madhouse. The television series aired in Japan between January 9, 2015 and March 27, 2015. Story. When someone dies, they are sent to one of many bars run by bartenders. There, they must play a Death Games with their souls on the line. The game reveals their secrets and what led them to their situation. Based on what is revealed, the bartender sends them for reincarnation or banishment into the void. The story is about Decim, a bartender of the bar where people who died at the same time are sent to. The place is also known as the Quindecim bar. His role in judging these souls changes when he meets a curious black-haired woman.
The Birmingham pub bombings were carried out by the Provisional Irish Republican Army on 21 November 1974. Two bombs exploded in pubs in Birmingham, West Midlands, England, killing 21 people. The first bomb exploded in the Mulberry Bush, killing ten people. The second bomb exploded in the Tavern in the Town, killing eleven people. A third bomb was planted in the doorway of a branch of Barclays bank. It was found by a policeman and did not explode.  The Birmingham bombings were 20th century England's most deadly terrorist attack. Six Irishmen were arrested within hours of the blasts, and in 1975 sentenced to life imprisonment for the bombings. The men—who became known as the Birmingham Six—continued to say that they were innocent and believed that the police had forced them into signing false confessions through abuse. After 16 years in prison, their convictions were overturned by the Court of Appeal in 1991.
This is a list of the heads of state of India, from the independence of India in 1947 to the present day. The current head of state of India is Ram Nath Kovind, elected in 2017 after being nominated by BJP, the party run by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. From 1947 to 1950 the head of state under the Indian Independence Act 1947 was King of India, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Dominions of the British Commonwealth. The monarch was represented in India by a Governor-General. India became a republic under the Constitution of 1950 and the Monarch and Governor-General were replaced by a ceremonial President. Monarch (1947–1950). The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne. Governor-General. The Governor-General was the representative of the Monarch in India and exercised most of the powers of the Monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of India without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government. President of India. Under the Constitution, of the Republic of India, the President replaced the Monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President serves as Acting President. Living former heads of state. There are two living former Indian heads of state:
A gravitino is a theoretical particle that physicists think will carry the force of gravity. There is no confirmation of the particle's existence. It’s essentially the same as the graviton particle.
Bepanah Pyaar (English: " Endless Love") is an Indian romantic drama television series produced by Ekta Kapoor under her banner Balaji Telefilms. It premiered on 3 June 2019 on Colors TV. It stars Pearl V Puri, Ishita Dutta and Aparna Dixit as Raghbir, Pragati and Bani. Synopsis. The series revolves around two star-crossed lovers Raghbir and Bani who love each other endlessly but destiny brings them apart as Bani dies in an accident. Soon destiny brings Pragati in Raghbir's life.
The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States. It was made from the former Louisiana (New France) on July 4, 1805. It lasted until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. Creation. On March 3, 1805, Congress passed legislation organizing the District of Louisiana into the Louisiana Territory, starting July 4, 1805. The Territory was governed like how the Indiana Territory was governed. Government. The capitol of government was in St. Louis. The first territorial governor was James Wilkinson. He was chosen by President Thomas Jefferson. He also was a Senior Officer of the United States Army while he was governor.
Guo Shoujing (, 1231–1316), or Ruosi (若思), was a Chinese astronomer, engineer, and mathematician. He lived during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). He is considered one of the greatest scientists in Chinese history. Guo was a major influence in the development of science. He improved the Grand Canal, built a human-made lake (Kunming lake), created one of the most accurate calendars in history, invented some of the most accurate clocks during his time, and made many other contributions to math, astronomy, and hydraulics (water engineering). As a kid. He was born in 1231 in Xingtai, Hebei province. His family was poor. His grandfather, Guo Yong, was famous for his study of the Five Classics to astronomy, mathematics, and hydraulics. Guo Shoujing was a child prodigy. As a teenager, he learned how to build a water clock. He then improved it. His new invention was called the lotus clepsydra (a bowl shaped like a lotus flower that water dripped into). At 16 he began to study math and from there hydraulics and astronomy. Hydraulics. At 20, Guo became a hydraulic engineer and government official. He helped fix a bridge over the Dahuoquan River. Improving the Grand Canal. In the late 1250s, Kublai Khan (of the Mongol Empire, Yuan dynasty) thought hydraulic engineering, irrigation, and water transport would help the country and people. He sent Liu Bingzhong and his student Guo to improve irrigation systems between Dadu (now Beijing) and the Yellow River.  Guo helped build a 30 km canal from Baifu spring in the Shenshan Mountain to Dadu,  The Grand Canal linked the Yangzi river, the Huai, and Yellow river since the early 7th century. Guo helped extend it to Dadu 1292–93.  It worked. Kublai Khan was happy, and Guo did similar things for the rest of the empire. He was promoted to chief advisor of hydraul
The Grand Canal or Dayunhe or Jing–Hang Grand Canal () is the longest and oldest canal and artificial river in the world.  It starts in Beijing; passes through Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang; and ends in Hangzhou. It connects China's two longest rivers: the Yellow River and Yang zi river  The oldest parts of the canal were built during the 5th century BC.  The Sui dynasty (581–618 AD) added some other parts. Between 1271–1633, the Yuan dynasty (through Guo Shoujing and others) and the Ming dynasty improved it and built parts to direct water to Beijing.  The total length is . Its greatest height is 42 m (138 ft) near the Shandong mountains. Song Dynasty (960–1279) engineer Qiao Weiyue invented the pound lock in the 10th century. This allowed ships to travel higher and lower through the canal.  The canal amazed many people throughout history including Japanese monk Ennin (794–864), Persian historian Rashid al-Din (1247–1318), Korean official Choe Bu (1454–1504), and Italian missionary Matteo Ricci (1552–1610). Historically, flooding of the Yellow River threatened to break the canal. During wartime the canal was even used as a weapon: the dikes of the Yellow River were sometimes broken to flood the enemy troops. But this caused disasters and hurt the economy.  The Canal has greatly improved China's economy and increased trade between the north and south. It is still used heavily to this day. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human slavery in the United States. Slaves were mostly Africans and African Americans. Slavery existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Slavery existed in British America from early colonial days. Slavery was legal in all Thirteen Colonies at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It lasted in about half the states until 1865. This was when it was banned in the entire country by the Thirteenth Amendment. By the time of the American Revolution (1775–1783), slaves had been institutionalized as a racial caste. The caste associated with African ancestry. When the United States Constitution was ratified in 1789, a small number of free people of color were able to vote. This was because they were men who owned property. During and shortly after the Revolutionary War, abolitionist laws were passed in most Northern states, and there was a movement created to end slavery. Slave states tried to extend slavery into new Western territories. They wanted to do this to keep their share of political power in the country. Southern leaders also wanted to annex Cuba as a slave territory. The United States became split over the issue of slavery. It was split into slave and free states. The Mason–Dixon line divided the country. The line divided (free) Pennsylvania from (slave) Maryland. While Jefferson was president, Congress prohibited the importation of slaves, effective 1808. Although smuggling (illegal importing) through Spanish Florida was common. Slave trading within the United States, however, continued at a fast pace. This was because there was a need for labor due to the creation of cotton plantations in the Deep South. New communities of African-American culture were created in the Deep South. There were 4 million slaves in the Deep South before they were set free. Colonial America. The first Africans came to the New World with Christopher Columbus in 1492. An African crew member named Juan Las Canaries was on Columbus's ship. Shortly after, the first enslavement happened in what would later be the United States. In 1508, Ponce de Leon created the first settlement near
Hancock County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 46,053 people lived there. Its county seat is Bay St. Louis. The county was created in 1812. It is named for Founding Father John Hancock. The county is along the Gulf of Mexico and the state line with Louisiana.
Itawamba County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 23,863 people lived there. Its county seat is Fulton. Geography. The county has a total area of .
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 143,252 people lived there which makes it the fifth-most populous county in Mississippi. Its county seat is Pascagoula. History. The county was founded in 1812 and named for Andrew Jackson, general in the United States Army and afterward President of the United States. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (31%) is water. It is the largest county in Mississippi by total area.
Union County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 27,777 people lived there. Its county seat is New Albany. Geography. The county has a total area of .
Songtsen Gampo (Tibetan: སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ, "srong btsan sgam po;" 569–649) or Songzan Ganbu (), was the 33rd Tibetan king and founder of the Tibetan Empire. He helped introduce Buddhism to Tibet. He had a Nepali wife named Bhrikuti and a Tang wife named Princess Wencheng. Both of them were Buddhists. He also helped invent the Tibetan alphabet and made Classical Tibetan the official language of Tibet at the time. He may have been born in 569 or 605. Tibet used their own calendar so we are still trying to figure it out. As a kid. Songtsen Gampo was born at Gyama in Meldro, northeast of modern Lhasa. His dad was the Yarlung king Namri Songtsen. The book "The Holder of the White Lotus" says Gampo was the human form (incarnation) of the Avalokiteśvara. Dalai Lamas are also thought to be human forms of the Avalokitesvara. In the 11th century, Buddhists started calling him a cakravartin and incarnation of Avalokiteśvara. Family. Some Dunhuang documents say Gampo had a sister Sad-mar-kar and a younger brother. His younger brother was betrayed and died in a fire after 641. There may have been fighting between his sister and brother. Songtsen Gampo's mother was part of the Tsépong clan ("Tibetan Annals"). She helped unify Tibet. Her name is Driza Tökarma ("the Bri Wife [named] White Skull Woman", "Tibetan Annals"). According to Tibetan tradition, Songtsen Gampo became king when 13 after his father was poisoned around 618. He was the 33rd king of the Yarlung Dynasty. He was born in the Ox year. Yarlung kings usually took throne at 13. This accords with the tradition that the Yarlung kings took the
The 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with two peaks in activity in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The season's first named storm, Pabuk, entered the basin on January 4, becoming the earliest-forming cyclonic storm of the North Indian Ocean on record. The season currently contains 3 depressions, 3 deep depressions, 3 cyclonic storms and 2 very severe cyclonic storms. Season summary. Due to the presence of an weak El Niño to continue through the season, the season's first named storm, Pabuk, entered the basin on January 4, becoming the earliest-forming cyclonic storm of the North Indian Ocean on record, tying with 2014 season. The second Cyclonic Storm of the season was formed, Fani on April 26. Fani became an extremely severe cyclonic storm on April 30, reaching an Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, then made landfall in India killing 89 people between Odisha and Bangladesh; Fani caused $1.812 billion in damages. In early June, a strong pulse of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), led to the development of the third cyclonic storm, Vayu, which formed June 10 in the Arabian Sea, near the Maldives. The storm subsequently intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm on June 12, after moving northwestward towards northwestern India and Pakistan.