ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Nautilus Book Awards is a prize for books about social and environmental justice. It started in the United States in 1998. There is prize money. The award is to recognie books that "make a difference and inspire." The award is named for the nautilus shell, as a symbol of wisdom and growth. Choosing winners. There are usually one gold and one or more silver awards each year. There are 24 adult and 4 children's/young adult categories. There are three steps in choosing Nautilus Book Award winners. Editors, professors, writers, librarians, publishers, schoolteachers and bookstore owners choose. Awards need agreement at all three levels. Sometimes there may be no awards if judges do not agree. A book may win more than one award.
Christopher Poole (born ), known online as moot, is an American Internet entrepreneur. best known for crating the English-language imageboard 4chan in October 2003. He served as the site's head administrator for more than 11 years before stepping down in January 2015. In 2016, he began working for Google. As of 2018, he works in the company's Google Maps division, based in Tokyo. Career. 4chan. In April 2009, Poole was voted the world's most influential person of 2008 by an open Internet poll conducted by "Time". On September 12, 2009, Poole gave a talk on why 4chan has a reputation as a "Meme Factory" at the "Paraflows Symposium" in Vienna, Austria, which was part of the Paraflows 09 festival, themed Urban Hacking. In this talk, Poole mainly attributed this to the anonymous system, and to the lack of data retention on the site ("The site has no memory"). His talk was published in the academic reader "Mind and Matter: Comparative Approaches towards Complexity" (edited by Günther Friesinger, Johannes Grenzfurthner, Thomas Ballhausen). On February 10, 2010, Poole spoke at the TED2010 conference in Long Beach, California. He spoke about the increasing prevalence of persistent user identities and the sharing of personal information on sites such as Facebook and Twitter, and he also spoke about the value of anonymous posting on sites such as 4chan. Fred Leal of the Brazilian newspaper "O Estado de S. Paulo" said his inclusion in the conference "indicates that something extraordinary is happening... [4chan] challenges every Internet convention: it is, alone, the antithesis of Google, social networking sites, and blogs." Canvas. In 2010, Poole was reported to have raised $625,000 to create a new online enterprise, Canvas. The website opened on January 31, 2011, and featured digitally modified images uploaded by users who are required to self-identify using Facebook Connect. The enterprise ran until January 2014 when Poole announced
Charles Hewes Moore Jr. (August 12, 1929 – October 8, 2020) was an American track and field athlete. Moore won a gold medal and a silver medalist in the 400 metre hurdles in the 1952 Summer Olympics with a time of 50.8 seconds. In 1999, he was added into the United States National Track and Field Hall of Fame. Moore was born in Coatesville, Pennsylvania. Moore died on October 8, 2020 in Laporte, Pennsylvania at the age of 91.
George Vincent Rhoden (13 December 1926 – 24 August 2024) was a Jamaican athlete. He was the winner of two Olympic gold medals in 1952. He was born in Kingston. Rhoden died on 24 August 2024 in Kingston at the age of 97.
Leslie Alphonso "Les" Laing (19 February 1925 – 7 February 2021) was a Jamaican athlete. He was a winner of gold medal in 4 × 400 m relay at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Linstead, Jamaica. At the Helsinki Olympics, Laing was fifth in the 200 m. He ran the second leg in the Jamaican 4 × 400 m relay team, which won the gold medal with a new world record of 3:03.9. Laing died on 7 February 2021 at the age of 95.
Vice Admiral Sir John Morrison Webster KCB (3 November 1932 – 5 October 2020) was a Royal Navy officer. He became the Flag Officer Plymouth and Port Admiral, Devonport in 1987. He left the position in 1990. He was appointed Director of Naval Warfare at the Ministry of Defence in 1980, Flag Officer Sea Training in 1982 and Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief Fleet in 1984. He died on 5 October 2020 at the age of 87.
The 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests began on 5 October 2020 in response to the 2020 parliamentary election that were perceived by protestors as unfair. The results of the election were annulled on 6 October 2020. Early protests. The protests began on Monday, 5 October 2020, with a crowd of 1,000 people, that grew to at least 5,000 people by evening in Bishkek. After nightfall, following a police operation to clear the Ala-Too Square of protesters with tear gas and water cannons, protesters allegedly attacked police officers with rocks and injured two of them.  Political impacts. Former President Almazbek Atambayev was freed from prison. On 6 October, following the protests, the electoral authorities in the country annulled the results of the parliamentary elections. Central Election Commission member Gulnara Jurabaeva also revealed the commission was considering self-dissolution. Prime Minister Kubatbek Boronov resigned, citing parliamentary deputy Myktybek Abdyldayev as the new speaker on 6 October. On 15 October, President Sooronbay Jeenbekov resigned.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2020.  The results showed that pro-government parties had won a supermajority of seats. The election was annulled by the Central Election Commission during the 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests.
The Supreme Council (, "Joğorku Keñeş", جوعورقۇ كەڭەش; , "Verkhovnyy Sovet") is the unicameral Parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991. The parliament has 120 seats with members elected for a five-year term by party-list proportional voting.
Vassily Sergeyevich Kulkov (; 11 June 1966 – 10 October 2020) was a Russian footballer, and manager. He was born in Moscow. He was a central defender and defensive midfielder. He was best known for his spells at Spartak Moscow and Benfica. He also played for the Russian national team from 1992 to 1995. Kulkov died of brain cancer on 10 October 2020 in Moscow, aged 54.
The Megalopyge opercularis is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It has a lot of common names, like asp caterpillar, puss caterpillar, woolly slug and puss moth.  This caterpillar is very dangerous because of its venomous spines. Touching its fur-like spines makes an immediate skin irritation. The pain is like bee, wasp or hornet stings. A lot of the reactions stay in the area that touched the caterpillar. However, the reactions are usually severe. The reaction causes burning, nausea, headache, rashes, vomiting and blisters. These caterpillars are seen from southeast Virginia to Florida and as far west as Missouri and Texas. They are also in Mexico and Central America. If you are stung by a puss moth, asp caterpillar or puss caterpillar, get first aid right away. The spines need to be removed using cellophane tape. You can also use baking soda, ice packs or calamine lotion for the sting.
Dame Mary Rosa Alleyne Hunnings (; born 24 March 1935), known professionally as Mary Berry, is a British food writer, chef and television presenter. She was born in Bath, Somerset. She has published more than 75 cookery books, including her best-selling "Baking Bible" in 2009. Her first book was "The Hamlyn All Colour Cookbook" in 1970.  She hosted several television series for the BBC and Thames Television. Berry has appeared on "Woman's Hour" and "Saturday Kitchen". She was a judge on the BBC One (originally BBC Two) television programme "The Great British Bake Off" from 2010 until 2016. In 2020, Berry was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
Sir Paul Smith (born 5 July 1946) is a British fashion designer. He is known for his designs for men's clothing. Smith was made a Royal Designer for Industry in 1991 and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honours List.
Sir Brendan Foster (born 12 January 1948) is a British former long-distance runner, athletics commentator and road race organiser. He founded the Great North Run, one of the sport's most high profile half-marathon races. Foster was born in Hebburn, South Tyneside. As an athlete, he won the bronze medal in the 10,000 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics, and the gold medal in the 5,000 metres at the 1974 European Championships and the 10,000 metres at the 1978 Commonwealth Games.
Louis Buller Gohmert Jr. (; born August 18, 1953) is an American attorney and former judge. He was a member of the U.S. Representative from Texas's 1st congressional district from 2005 to 2023. Gohmert is a member of the Republican Party and was part of the Tea Party movement. In January 2015, he unsuccessfully ran against John Boehner for the position of Speaker of the House of Representatives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he became known for his criticism of wearing surgical masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In July 2020, Gohmert tested positive for the disease. In July 2020, Gohmert proposed to ban the Democratic Party over their past support for slavery during the Civil War era. In November 2021, Gohmert announced his plans to run for Texas Attorney General in the 2022 election. He lost the Republican nomination in the first round of voting.
Peter Rey Aguilar (born June 19, 1979) is a Mexican-American politician. He is the U.S. Representative from California's 31st congressional district. He is a member of the Democrat. He was Mayor of Redlands, California from 2010 to 2014. Aguilar is a Chief Deputy Whip in the House Democratic Caucus and Whip of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus. Aguilar was vice chair of the House Democratic Caucus. In 2022, he was elected Chair of the House Democratic Caucus, making him the highest-ranking Latino in Congress.
Oldambt is a municipality in the province of Groningen, the Netherlands. In 2019, 38,129 people lived there. It was created on 1 January 2010 from the former municipalities of Reiderland, Scheemda and Winschoten.
Westerkwartier is a municipality in the province of Groningen, the Netherlands. In 2019, 63,031 people lived there. It was created on 1 January 2019 from the former municipalities of Grootegast, Leek, Marum, Zuidhorn and partly Winsum.
Russell's teapot is an analogy by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) to show that the philosophic burden of proof belongs to a person making a claim that cannot be proven false, instead of other people "disproving" these claims.  Russell used his analogy for religion. He wrote that if he were to say without proof, that a teapot, too small to be seen by telescopes, orbits the Sun somewhere in space between the Earth and Mars, he could not expect anyone to believe him because his claim could not be proven wrong. Russell's teapot is still used to talk about the existence of God.
The burden of proof (Latin: onus probandi) is the job of a person who is involved in a debate to show proof for their claim.  When people are in a discussion and one makes a claim that the other one does not agree with, the one who makes the claim has the burden "of proof". It means he must show proof of that claim, especially when it is controversial.  Carl Sagan said that: "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" – which is known as the Sagan standard. Often these philosophical debates moved from what the claim was to debating who has the "burden of proof" or the best proof for their claim. The burden of proof also exclaims when the accuser makes an accusation, they have the burden of proof to prove that what they said is true with evidence.
Lexicology is the science of words and their meanings. The word "lexicology" is a combination of Greek λεξικόν "lexicon", which means "of" or "for words", and Greek -λογία "-logia", "the study of".
Cuijk is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2021, about 25,400 people lived there. Cuijk has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor. It is usually found 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) and 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) below the surface of the water. Abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface. They are among the flattest and smoothest places on Earth. Abyssal plains are believed to have lots of biodiversity. They are also play an important role in ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over hundreds or thousand years. Abyssal plains also have hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.
Altena is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 55,489 people lived there. It was created on 1 January 2019 from the former municipalities of Aalburg, Werkendam, and Woudrichem.
Boxmeer is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2021, about 29,600 people lived there.  Boxmeer has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
Daredevil is a 2003 American superhero movie directed and written by Mark Steven Johnson. It was based on the Marvel character Daredevil by Stan Lee. "Daredevil's" main actors are Ben Affleck, Jennifer Garner, Michael Clarke Duncan, and Collin Farrell. Director's Cut. In November 2004, Johnson released a director's cut which restored 30 minutes of footage including a subplot with Coolio as Dante Jackson.
Fantastic Four is a 2015 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics comic "Fantastic Four". The movie was released in the United States on August 7, 2015. It was very poorly received by both audiences and critics.
A natural arch is a natural rock formation where an arch has formed with an opening under the arch. It is also called a natural bridge, or (less commonly) rock arch. Natural arches commonly form where inland cliffs, coastal cliffs, fins or stacks are eroded by the sea, rivers or weathering. Most natural arches are formed from narrow fins and sea stacks that is made up of sandstone or limestone.
In computer science, a linked list is a data structure that is a linear collection of items whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Instead, each item links to the next item. The last item links to a terminator used to mark the end of the list. Types of linked lists. Singly linked list. &lt;br&gt; Doubly linked list. &lt;br&gt; Circular linked list. &lt;br&gt; Linked list algorithms. Reversing a singly linked list. Item reverseList(Item head) {  Item prev = null;  Item curr = head;  while (curr != null) {  Item following = curr.next;  curr.next = prev;  prev = curr;  curr = following;  return prev;
Injustice 2 is a fighting video game for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It was developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the second main game in the "Injustice" series based on characters from DC Comics.
Spawn is a fictional character, a comic book superhero/antihero published by Image Comics. He was created by Todd McFarlane. He appears as a playable guest character in both Soulcalibur II and Mortal Kombat 11. Portrayals. Spawn has appeared in movies, TV series and video games; he was played by Michael Jai White in a 1997 movie. On animated shows/movies/games he is portrayed by Keith David and Kevin Michael Richardson.
Scorpion is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" games for video game consoles. Portrayals. He was portrayed in games by Ed Boon and Patrick Seitz.
In computer science, a binary tree is a type of tree (data structure) where each item  within the tree has at most two children. Representations. Array. A binary tree can be implemented using an array by storing its level-order traversal. In a zero-indexed array, the root is often stored at index 1. For the "nth" item of the array its: References. In a programming language with references, binary trees are typically constructed by having a tree structure which contains references to its left child and its right child. Traversals. Pre-order. The current item is visited, then the left branch is visited, and then the right branch is visited. void preOrder(Item item) {  if (item == null) return;  visit(item);  preOrder(item.left);  preOrder(item.right); In-order. The left branch is visited, then the current item is visited, and then the right branch is visited. void inOrder(Item item) {  if (item == null) return;  inOrder(item.left);  visit(item);  inOrder(item.right); Post-order. The left branch is visited, the right branch is visited, and then the current item is visited. void postOrder(Item item) {  if (item == null) return;  postOrder(item.left);  postOrder(item.right);  visit(item);
New Democracy (ND; , "Nea Dimokratia") is a liberal-conservative political party in Greece. Konstantinos Karamanlis founded the party in 1974. It is a center-right party, with many liberal ideas. Its main rival is the Panhellenic Socialist Movement, commonly known as PASOK.
João Pedro Cavaco Cancelo (born 27 May 1994) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays primarily as a full-back for Saudi Pro League club Al Hilal and the Portugal national team. He is often regarded as one of the best full-backs in the world.  Club career. Benfica. Cancelo was born in Barreiro, which is a city in the District of Setúbal. He joined SL Benfica's youth academy in 2007. He made his debut for Benfica on July 28, 2012. The match was a friendly match against Gil Vicente. Despite being registered with the reserve team, he was talked about as a possible replacement to Maxi Pereira. He made his professional debut on January 25, 2014. The match was a Taça da Liga 3rd round match against Gil Vicente, where he came on as a substitute for André Almeida in the 82nd minute. His only league match for Benfica was a 2-1 loss against FC Porto.  Valencia. Cancelo joined Valencia on August 20, 2014 on a one year loan, with an option to buy for €15 million. He made his La Liga debut on September 25 2014, in a 3-0 win against Córdoba. He was awarded the man of the match on April 12, 2015, after a 3-0 win against Levante. He only made 13 appearances in the 2014-15 season, as he was mainly the backup of Antonio Barragán. On May 25, Cancelo agreed a permanant contract with Valencia until June 30, 2021. The transfer fee was €15 million. On September 16, 2015, Cancelo made his UEFA Champions League debut. The match was a 3-2 loss against Zenit Saint Petersburg, where he scored 1 goal. The goal made him the 5th youngest Champions League scorer, aged 21 years and 107 days old. On April 20, 2016, he would score his first league goal for Valen
João Félix Sequeira (born 10 November 1999) is a Portuguese professional footballer/soccer player. He plays as a forward for La liga club athletico Madrid and the Portugal national team. At 18, he became the youngest ever player to score a hat-trick in the UEFA Europa League. "Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Félix goal." Honours. Benfica Atletico Madrid Portugal Individual
John Rambo is a fictional character from the "Rambo" media franchise. He first appeared in the 1972 novel "First Blood" by David Morrell, before appearing in the series of movies "First Blood" (1982), "" (1985), "Rambo III" (1988) and "Rambo IV" (2008). Portrayals. He has been portrayed in the movies by Sylvester Stallone and in Mortal Kombat 11 with Stallone returning.
Bruno Eduardo Regufe Alves (born 27 November 1981) is a Portuguese professional footballer. He plays as a center back who plays for Italian club Parma Calcio 1913, who he captains. Source: Honours. Porto Zenit Saint Petersburg Fenerbahçe Portugal U21 Portugal B Portugal Individual Orders
In computer science, breadth-first search (BFS) is a method used for traversing a graph. It starts at any item you want to use as a starting position in a graph, and explores all of the neighbor items at the present depth before to moving on to the items at the next depth level. A breadth-first search done on a tree (data structure) is called a level-order traversal. Implementation. void breadthFirstSearch(Item root) {  Queue q = new Queue();  root.found = true;  q.enqueue(item);  while (!q.isEmpty()) {  Item v = q.dequeue();  for (Item neighbor : v.neighbors()) {  if (!neighbor.found) {  neighbor.found = true;  q.enqueue(neighbor); Usage. Though they have usage in a variety of disciplines, breadth first search algorithms are most often associated with finding the shortest distance between two points, such as on a map.
In computer science, depth-first search (DFS) is a method used for traversing a graph. It starts at an arbitrary item of a graph and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Implementation. Recursive. void depthFirstSearch(Item root) {  if (root == null) return;  root.found = true;  for (Item neighbor : root.neighbors()) {  if (!neighbor.found) depthFirstSearch(n); Uses. An example: To make a program that searches all the files on your computer, it has to be able to keep track of which folders it has already searched through, so it doesn't look through the same folder twice. So it does this: inside each folder, it goes as far down into subfolders as it can. Every time it checks something to see if it matches, it will write it down on the list as "already searched". Then it will leave and go to the next subfolder. If there are no subfolders left, it will backtrack another step and look in the next bigger folder. It does this until it has looked through everything. We know that this is the best way to make sure the search program looks through every folder and file once, and only once, because graph theory has proved it.
Tracy Reiner (born Tracy Henry; July 7, 1964) is an American actress, known for her roles in "When Harry Met Sally...", "Masque of the Red Death", "A League of Their Own", and "Apollo 13". Reiner was born Tracy Henry in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the daughter of Penny Marshall and Michael Henry. She is filmmaker Garry Marshall's niece. Her mother was married for 10 years to Rob Reiner, who adopted her and raised her as his own. Her mother is of Italian, English, German and Scottish descent. Reiner's adoptive paternal grandparents are Carl Reiner (1922–2020) and Estelle Reiner (1914–2008). Growing up, 15 of Reiner's relatives were employed at labs run by the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Reiner is married and has five children.
In computer science, bidirectional search is a method used for finding the shortest path between two items in a graph. It runs two simultaneous searches starting from the two items. Implementation. The example below uses two simultaneous breadth-first searches.  void bidirectionalSearch(Item a, Item b) {  Queue qA = new Queue();  Queue qB = new Queue();  qA.enqueue(a);  qB.enqueue(b);  while (!qA.isEmpty() &amp;&amp; !qB.isEmpty()) {  if (!qA.isEmpty()) {  Item v = qA.dequeue();  if (aItem.found) return true;  for (Item neighbor : v.neighbors()) {  if (!neighbor.found) {  neighbor.found = true;  qA.enqueue(neighbor);  if (!qB.isEmpty()) {  Item v = qB.dequeue();  if (v.found) return true;  for (Item neighbor : v.neighbors()) {  if (!neighbor.found) {  neighbor.found = true;  qB.enqueue(neighbor);  return false;
Certificate of Origin (abbreviated as C/O or CO) is a document used in trade between countries. Certificate of Origin gives information about the manufacturing country and required by the Customs department of the importing country to clear the items upon arrival. It is issued by the Chamber of Commerce of the exporting country. Types. Preferential certificate of origin. Used when trade take place according to free trade agreements between countries. This is required to get the benefits according to the free trade agreement. The certificate will include the country of origin and the name of trade agreement. Non-preferential certificate of origin. This is required to get the items cleared from the customs by proving the items are not from a country that is banned from importing. The certificate will include the country of origin but bot the name of the trade agreement.