ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Gyeonggi-do () is the province in which the most people live in South Korea. Over 12 million people live in it. Its provincial capital is Suwon. Its name, Gyeonggi, means 'surrounding the capital' and it surrounds Seoul, the capital of South Korea. It is also next to Incheon. History. Gyeonggi-do has been important since King Onjo of Baekje (one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea) built Wiryeseong and founded the government in it. After King Taejo of Goryeo made the capital in Gaegyeong, (now Kaesong), the province became much more important, and since King Hyeonjong's period it has been called Gyeonggi. Population. Gyeonggi-do's population increased rapidly after the modernization of South Korea because the capital, Seoul, the economic and cultural center of South Korea, is very close to it. Now the population of Gyeonggi-do is 12,649,894. Districts. Gyeonggi province consists of 28 cities and 3 counties. Transport. Gyeonggi Province's transport is well-developed because it is very close to Seoul—South Korea's capital—and Incheon, where Korea's biggest international airport is located. It is easy to access the capital and easy to go abroad by plane. Much of Gyeonggi Province is served by the Seoul Metropolitan Subway.
Gondwana, also called Gondwanaland, was a southern supercontinent. It formed when Pangaea broke up, starting 170 million years ago (mya), in the early middle Jurassic.  The global supercontinent Pangaea was complete 250 million years ago. Then it split into two smaller supercontinents, which were about the same size. The northern part of Pangaea became Laurasia, and the southern part became Gondwana. Over time, Gondwana drifted south, while Laurasia moved north.  Gondwana included most of the landmasses in today's southern hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia–New Guinea, and New Zealand. It originally included China, Siberia, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.  Gondwana itself began to break up in the mid-Jurassic period, about 170 million years ago. History of the name. Gondwana was named by an Austrian scientist, Eduard Suess. He named the supercontinent "Gondwana" because rock formations of this ancient continent were found in modern Odisha (eastern India).  The adjective Gondwanan is often used in biogeography to describe where different organisms live. It is most commonly used when the organisms only live in two or more of the regions which were part of Gondwana, including the Antarctic flora. For example, the Proteaceae, a family of plants, lives only in southern South America, South Africa, and Australia. This is called a "Gondwanan distribution" (meaning that the Proteaceae live only in the areas that used to be part of Gondwana). This pattern shows that the Proteaceae have existed for a long time since the time that Gondwana existed. Evidence of plant and animal distribution supported the ideas of two scientists: Alfred Russel Wallace and Alfred Wegener. Wallace explained geographical distribution as the result of evolution. Wegener used geographical distribution as evidence for continental drift. Breakup of Gondwana. Between 160 and 23 million years ago, Gondwana
Marc Staal (born January 13, 1987 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of seventeen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Rangers, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, and Philadelphia Flyers. He is a member of the Staal family. His brothers Eric, Jordan, and Jared all played in the NHL. Career. Before playing in the NHL, Staal played four seasons with the Sudbury Wolves of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He would win the Max Kaminsky Trophy as the league's Most Outstanding Defenceman on May 7, 2007. He would be selected 12th overall by the New York Rangers in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. On October 4, 2007, Staal would make his NHL debut in a game against the Florida Panthers. He would record his first NHL point, assisting off a Chris Drury goal in a 2—0 win against the Washington Capitals on November 1. His first NHL goal came in a 4—2 win against the New Jersey Devils on November 14. On September 26, 2020, the Rangers traded Staal along with a second-round pick to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for future considerations. Staal would sign a one-year, $2 million extension with the Red Wings on July 25, 2021. On July 13, 2022, Staal would sign a one-year, $750,000 contract with the Florida Panthers. Staal and his brother Eric would garner some controversy after they refused to wear the warm-up Pride-themed jerseys citing their Christian faith for not wearing them. The rest of the team would wear them. On July 3, 2023, Staal would sign a one-year, $1.1 million contract with the Philadelphia Flyers. On September 5, 2024, Staal announced his retirement from playing professional ice hockey and accepted a job to become a player development assistant for the New York Rangers.
Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the differentiation of monocytes.  Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes, acting in general immunity. They also trigger specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) of vertebrates.  Their role is to phagocytose (engulf and then digest) cellular debris and pathogens either as stationary or as mobile cells. They also stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to the pathogen, Life cycle. When a monocyte enters damaged tissue through the wall of a blood vessel it changes to become a macrophage. Monocytes are attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances, triggered by a range of stimuli. At some sites such as the testis, macrophages have been shown to populate the organ through proliferation.  Unlike short-lived neutrophils, macrophages survive longer in the body, up to several months.
Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells which have granules in their cytoplasm. They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes because of the shape of the nucleus, which has three segments. The term "polymorphonuclear leukocyte" often refers just to neutrophils, the most abundant of the granulocytes. Granulocytes are released from the bone marrow. They operate by phagocytosis and other means. Types of granulocytes. There are three types of granulocytes, distinguished by their appearance under Wright's stain: Their names are derived from their staining characteristics; for example, the most abundant granulocyte is the neutrophil granulocyte, which has neutrally-staining cytoplasmic granules. Other white blood cells which are not granulocytes are mainly lymphocytes and monocytes.
"You Kent Always Say What You Want" is the 400th episode of "The Simpsons". It is the 22nd episode of the 18th season and the 400th episode of the entire series. In this episode, Kent Brockman loses his job after he says something naughty on TV and stays with the Simpsons. It aired on May 20, 2007, at the same time as 24 Minutes. It is also the last episode to air before The Simpsons Movie. Plot. Homer Simpson gets the one-millionth ice cream cone at a local ice cream place and got on Smartline with Kent Brockman. Homer accidentally spills a cup of coffee by Brockman's crotch and he yells "That hurt like a" with the last word muffled. Kent Brockman said an extreme expletive and got demoted to the weekend weatherman.
A dual carriageway (British English) or divided highway (American English) is a type of road. It is an important route that usually carries long-distance traffic.  A dual carriageway has four lanes (2 lanes each side), and is always separated by a man-made barrier or strip of land. Dual carriageways have no hard shoulder. A hard shoulder is an area at the side of a road where drivers can stop if there is a serious problem, a breakdown for example.
A sin tax is when the government taxes things that are considered to be bad for society. For example, if the government increases taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, this will make them more expensive. In economics, if a normal good becomes more expensive, its consumption will drop. Arthur Pigou was a famous economist who supported the sin tax. Sin taxes also have problems:
Nicholas Gregory "Greg" Mankiw (born February 3, 1958) is a famous economist. He graduated from Princeton University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was an economic advisor for President George W. Bush from 2003-2005. In 2006, he became an economic adviser to Mitt Romney.  Publications. He wrote a widely used college textbook for economics called Principles of Economics, listing 10 principles that all economies run on: His economic beliefs were influenced by John Maynard Keynes and he believes in Keynesian economics. He is sometimes labeled as a conservative because he supported George W. Bush's tax cuts and he has criticized the policies of the Obama Administration a few times. He also was influenced by the economist Arthur Pigou who believed that a high tax on something bad for society (called a sin tax) will result in fewer people buying it.
Vesoul is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Haute-Saône department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Geography. The Haute-Saône is a rural department and is based around five towns: Vesoul (the prefecture), Gray, Héricourt, Lure and Luxeuil-les-Bains. The Durgeon and Colombine rivers flow through the commune. History. Vesoul is first mentioned in a document dated 899. That document speaks about an elevation with a fortified watchtower. The document speaks about "Castrum Vesulium". Castrum is a fortification, and "Vesulium" has the syllable "ves" which meant hill or mountain in a language that was spoken before the Celts. Today, there is a castle that forms the centre of the city. The first houses were built inside the walls of the castle. Newcomers who found no place settled outside the city walls, on the flanks of the hill. Growing wine was popular.  In 1814, after the fall of the empire, a buffer state was created, with Vesoul as capital. The principality was that of Free County, of the Vosges and of Porrentruy. Today, one of the main factories of PSA Peugeot Citroën is near Vesoul. Culture. Library. The first public library of Vesoul opened in 1771. The "abbé" (abbot) Bardenet, superior of the Saint-Esprit hospital in Besançon, gave his book collection to the town. There were 1772 books. The collections became a lot larger with the Revolution. At that time, the revolutionaries (people who led the French Revolution) took the books from the monasteries of the town ("capucins") and even of the region ("Luxeuil" and "Faverney" monasteries). Around 20,000 books were added to the library this way, including some 11th century manuscripts. The Mayor's office was responsible for keeping the books. In 1981, the municipality decided to build a new building to encourage the public to read. The library recently got computers. There are around 200 manuscripts and 150 incunables. Twin towns. Vesoul is only twinned with one town:
The Hungaroring is a Formula One racing circuit in Mogyoród, near Budapest, Hungary where the Hungarian Grand Prix is held. In 1986, it became the location of the first Formula One Grand Prix behind the Iron Curtain. Formula One leader Bernie Ecclestone wanted a race in the USSR, but was not able to make a deal with Moscow. A Hungarian friend of his recommended the city of Budapest. Formula One wanted a street circuit similar to the Circuit de Monaco to be built in the Népliget, Budapest's largest park. The Hungarian government decided to build a new circuit (track) just outside the city near a major highway. Construction work started on October 1, 1985. the circuit was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit. The first race was held on March 24, 1986 in memory of János Drapál. Drapál was the first Hungarian to win a Grand Prix motorcycle race. A survey by the Hungarian national tourism office ranks Mogyoród third in venues visited by tourists in Hungary. Description. The Hungaroring is a circuit in the Formula One Grands Prix calendar. The F1 race is normally held in the middle of a Central European summer. The circuit is generally dusty, which limits traction. This is because the track is not used very much throughout the season and it is built on sandy soil. The track is built in a natural valley. About 80 percent of the racetrack is visible from any viewing location. The Hungaroring is a twisty style circuit, where passing difficult. The Hungaroring is the home of Hungarian motorsport. Besides Formula One, there were also DTM, FIA GT Championship races in its history. A public drag race event takes place every month. Fans. Most of the foreign fans are from Germany and Austria. The Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large number of Finnish fans as well. With the loss of the Austrian Grand Prix, this is the closest Formula One event for fans from other Central European countries. The race saw many spectators from Poland due to the debut of the first Polish Formula One driver, Robert Kubica. The Hungarian Grand Prix has always been more of a promotional event than a profit raising event. The Formula One contract was extended until 2016. Tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.
A building model is either a physical (real) or virtual (computer) model of a building. Very often, the physical model is smaller than the original (scale model).  There are three basic types of building models: architectural, structural and mathematical (virtual). Architectural building model. An architectural model is a type of a physical model of a structure to study an architectural design or to share design ideas to clients, committees, and the general public. Architectural models are a tool which may be used for show, presentation, fundraising, getting permits, and sale purposes. Such models are a good tool for three-dimensional understanding of a design, used by architects, interior designers and exhibit designers. Structural building model. Engineers who need scale models to test the likely performance of a design at an early stage of development without paying for a full-sized prototype. Virtual building model. Virtual model is a digital model of the object (typically greatly simplified) that can be used in a computer simulation or virtual reality. The most common examples of virtual models are those created in 3D for the purpose of "visualisation" - seeing how the structure looks before it is built. The field of architecture has greatly popularized the use of virtual models to animate fly-throughs of yet-to-be-built buildings.
Marussia F1 is a Formula One racing team, which made its debut in the 2010 Formula One season. They were allowed to join F1 as Manor Grand Prix on 12 June 2009. They were one of four new teams selected to race in the 2010 season. On 30 November, the FIA released a revised entry list that stated the team's name as Virgin Racing. Richard Branson's Virgin Group is the title sponsor of the team, which was launched on 15 December 2009. On 11 November, Russian car builder Marussia Motors became the majority share owner in Virgin Racing. Marussia has been a partner to Virgin Racing since the team started in 2009. The team will be known as Marussia Virgin Racing. Marussia fully bought the team in 2012 and re branded it Marussia F1 with Virgin remaining as a sponsor. History. Formation. The team was first formed as Manor Grand Prix as a partership between Manor Motorsport and Wirth Research. Initially, Virgin's Alex Tai was the Team Principal (person in charge). Less than one month after the Virgin partnership was officially launched, Tai left his position and John Booth took over as team principal The team will use engines supplied by Cosworth. Manor Motorsport are best known as a Formula Three team. They currently competes in the Formula Three Euroseries, and helped launch the careers of World Champions Kimi Räikkönen and Lewis Hamilton. Race car preparation and racing operations will be run from its headquarters in Dinnington, South Yorkshire. Wirth Research will design, develop and build the cars from its base in Bicester. The Virgin Racing also have plans to create a "Driver Academy", a series of racing teams starting in the new GP3 Series and advancing all the way up to Formula One. 2010. Virgin's car for 2010, the VR-01, is the first F1 car designed entirely using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer simulation technology. CFD is computer program used to design a race car that will move through the air well. It is used to replace test models of cars in a wind tunnel to see how well they perform
The Love Parade disaster occurred on 24 July 2010, when 21 people were killed during a human crush in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, at the Love Parade electronic music festival. At least another 511 people were injured. The Love Parade was a popular and free access electronic dance music festival and parade that originated in 1989 in Berlin, Germany. The parade features stages, but is well known for its floats with music, DJs and dancers moving through the audience. This was the first edition of the festival that was organised in a closed-off festival area. Up to people were reported to be attending the event and 1,200 police were on hand. The event was one of the program elements of RUHR.2010, whereby cultural events in the Ruhr area were highlighted, because the Ruhr was 2010's European Capital of Culture. The festival organizer said that there would be no more Love Parades after this. He said, "Out of respect for the victims, their families and friends, we are going to discontinue the event in the future, and that means the end of the Love Parade."
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, part of the human body's immune system. They are usually identified in stained smears by their large two-lobed nuclei. They are a kind of reserve cell which turn into macrophages and immune helper cells called dendritic cells. Monocytes work at two speeds in the immune system:  Half of all monocytes are stored as a reserve in the spleen; the rest are circulating or in tissues.  Physiology. Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from stem cell precursors called "monoblasts". Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days and then typically move into tissues throughout the body. They make up three to eight percent of the leukocytes in the blood.  Monocytes which migrate from the bloodstream to the tissues will then differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells, which then stay in the tissue. Macrophages are responsible for protecting tissues from foreign substances. They are cells that possess a large smooth nucleus, a large area of cytoplasm and many internal vesicles for processing foreign material. Monocytes and their macrophage and dendritic cell progeny serve three main functions in the immune system. These are phagocytosis, antigen presentation and cytokine production.
Brent Seabrook (born April 20, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a total of 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), all with the Chicago Blackhawks.  He was the Chicago Blackhawks first round draft pick in 2003. He played in the WHL for the Lethbridge Hurricanes where he played four seasons. On June 9, 2010, Seabrook won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks and also won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.  On September 17, 2015, Seabrook was named as an alternate captain for the Blackhawks. On September 26, 2015, Seabrook signed an 8-year contract extension with the Blackhawks. On March 5, 2021, Seabrook announced that injuries he suffered from throughout his career would force him to retire from playing professional ice hockey. On July 27, the Blackhawks traded Seabrook to the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for Tyler Johnson and a second-round draft pick in the 2023 NHL Entry Draft. However, he never played a game for the Lightning. His younger brother Keith played for the Rockford IceHogs of the AHL.
Viktor Stålberg (born January 17, 1986 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a professional Swedish ice hockey right winger that currently signed to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL). Stålberg formerly played in the NHL with the Toronto Maple Leafs for 1 season and the Chicago Blackhawks for 3 seasons. During his time with the Blackhawks, he won the Stanley Cup with them after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On July 5, 2013, Stålberg signed a $12 million, 4 year deal with the Nashville Predators. He has also played for the J20 Superelit league team, Frölunda HC and played collegiately for the University of Vermont Catamounts.
Brent Bernard Sopel (born January 7, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a parts of 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, and the Montreal Canadiens. He also played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for parts of 4 seasons with Metallurg Novokuznetsk and Salavat Yulaev Ufa. He signed a 2-year contract with Metallurg Novokuznetsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) on July 29, 2011. On February 27, 2015, Sopel retired from playing professional ice hockey.
Benjamin Eager (born January 22, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played 407 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, San Jose Sharks, and Edmonton Oilers. Career. Before playing in the NHL, Eager played 4 seasons with the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 23rd overall pick by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. On June 9th, 2010, Eager won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks. On July 11, 2014, he signed a one-year contract with HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He played one season for the Chicago Wolves before retiring.
Brecqhou is one of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. It is just west of Sark and has a surface area of about 200 acres (0.81 km2; 0.31 sq mi). It is outside of the United Kingdom and not part of the European union. Brecqhou has a castle that belongs to the Barclay brothers, owners of London's "The Daily Telegraph". The castle is sometimes used for meetings and filing of papers outside of the United Kingdom.
Hurricane Donna was a Cape Verde-type hurricane. It happened in 1960. It moved across the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispanola, Cuba, The Bahamas, and every state on the East Coast of the United States.  Hurricane Donna holds the record for keeping major hurricane status in the Atlantic Basin for the longest period of time. For nine days, September 2 to September 11, Donna had maximum sustained winds of at least .  Hurricane Donna was a very destructive hurricane. It made a lot of damage from the Lesser Antilles to New England. At least 364 people were killed by the hurricane. Over $900 million in damage was done (1960 USD). Because of its damage and the high death amount associated with the hurricane, the name Donna was retired. It will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. The name was replaced by Dora in 1964.
John Madden (born May 4, 1973 in Barrie, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player that played a total of 13 seasons in the NHL. During his time in the NHL he played 10 seasons with the New Jersey Devils where he won the Stanley Cup 2 times, 1 season with the Chicago Blackhawks where he also won the Stanley Cup, 1 season with the Minnesota Wild and 1 season with the Florida Panthers.  On September 4, 2012, Madden retired from the NHL. He currently works with the Montreal Canadiens as a scout and evaluating amateur free agent talent in United States college hockey.