ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
The Scottish Land Court (Scottish Gaelic: "Cùirt Fearainn na h-Alba") is a specialist court in Scotland with jurisdiction over disputes relating to agricultural tenancies and crofting rights. Established in 1912, it plays a pivotal role in resolving matters concerning the management, ownership, and usage of rural land. History. The Scottish Land Court was established under the Scottish Land Court Act 1911 and began functioning in 1912. Its creation was part of wider land reform efforts aimed at addressing issues affecting tenant farmers and crofters, particularly in the Highlands and Islands. Structure and Composition. The Scottish Land Court is presided over by a President, who must be legally qualified, and other members with expertise in agricultural or crofting matters. The court sits in Edinburgh but frequently holds hearings across Scotland to facilitate access to justice. The current President is Lord Minginish, who has held the position since 2014.
The Ameerega labialis is a frog. It lives in Peru. Scientists do not know if it is in danger of dying out.
The Scottish Land Court Act 1911 (1 &amp; 2 Geo. 5 c. 49) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that established the Scottish Land Court to address disputes relating to agricultural tenancies and crofting in Scotland. The Act was a pivotal element of early 20th-century land reform in Scotland, particularly for the Highlands and Islands. Background. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, land issues in Scotland, especially in the Highlands and Islands, caused significant social and economic unrest. Crofters and tenant farmers faced challenges due to high rents, insecure tenancies, and limited access to land. The Act was introduced to provide a legal framework for addressing these issues and to balance the rights of landlords and tenants.
The title of Senator of the College of Justice refers to a judge of the Court of Session, the supreme civil court of Scotland. Senators also serve as judges of the High Court of Justiciary, the supreme criminal court of Scotland. Collectively, they form part of the College of Justice, which was established in 1532 by King James V of Scotland. History. The College of Justice was created by the College of Justice Act 1532 to ensure justice was administered fairly and efficiently across Scotland. Senators of the College of Justice were originally drawn from the clergy, nobility, and legal professionals. Over time, the role evolved into a professional judiciary, with Senators becoming some of the most senior legal figures in Scotland.
The Court of Session (Scottish Gaelic: "Cùirt an t-Seisein") is the supreme civil court of Scotland. It is based in Parliament House, Edinburgh, and serves as both a court of first instance and a court of appeal. Together with the High Court of Justiciary (Scotland’s supreme criminal court), it forms part of the College of Justice established in 1532. History. The Court of Session was established by the College of Justice Act 1532 during the reign of King James V of Scotland. It was modeled on European courts of the time, with influence from France and other civil law systems. Initially, the court included clerical members, but over time, it evolved into a professional judiciary dominated by legal experts. Parliament House in Edinburgh has been the court's home since 1639, making it one of the oldest courts in continuous operation in the world.
Habib Bank Limited is a Pakistani commercial bank headquartered in Karachi, Pakistan. History. HBL is the first commercial bank in Pakistan, having been founded in 1941 by the Habib Family. Its first overseas location opened in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 1951. The Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development obtained a majority stake and administrative control in the bank when it was nationalized by the government in 1974 and then privatized in 2004. The Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED), headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, owns a significant stake in HBL. HBL branches also exchange foreign currency, initiate SWIFT and FEDWIRE transfers, and facilitate RAAST real-time money transfer transactions. Habib Bank Limited was established as a public limited company in Bombay in 1941 by the Habib family, previously engaged in internal trade and private banking.  In early 1947, the bank's headquarters were relocated to Karachi on August 7, 1947, just before the Partition of India. The Habib family owned and managed the bank until the Pakistan government nationalised it on 1 January 1974. The Habib family received compensation of PKR 36.31 per share from the Government of Pakistan and subsequently the bank was delisted from the Karachi Stock Exchange. In 2002, Pakistan's Privatisation Commission announced that the Government of Pakistan would grant the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED), a subsidiary of the Aga Khan Development Network, majority ownership of HBL against AKFED's investment in the bank. In 2003, the Government of Pakistan granted AKFED rights to 51% of the shareholding in the bank against an investment of PKR 22.409 billion (US$389 million).  In 2004, the Government of Pakistan handed over management control of Habib Bank to AKFED. In 2013, the bank acquired Citibank Pakistan consumer business for . In 2015, the bank acquired Barclays's Pakistan operations. In 2016, HBL received a Licence to operate a subsidiary in Ürümqi, Xinjiang. In 2020, HBL was designated one of the domestic systemically important banks (D-SIB) of the year by the State Bank of Pakistan.
Braj cinema is the film industry unfolds in Braj area – specifically, the region of Agra on the border of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and captures the myths, traditions of singing and storytelling aesthetics of the place which has many temples and places of pilgrimage. It was established with , released in 2000.The movies of this industry are make in Brij Bhasha and are very popular in villages of Western Uttar Pradesh.
Joel Cedras is a Cybersecurity Researcher studying Computer Science at Stellenbosch University in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. Investigation Into SASSA. In October 2024, Joel Cedras and Veer Gosai came forward claiming that there was mass fraud among the youths ID numbers which were being used to collect SASSA SRD R370 grants. In a on campus random survey of 60 people, 56 people were found to have fraudulent SASSA SRD applications. They further stated that they tested all possible ID numbers of people born in February 2005 and that there was a 91% application rate, far exceeding the current youth unemployment rate of 60%. In Parliament, the minister of Social Development gave SASSA 30 days to investigate this matter.
Veer Gosai is a Cybersecurity Researcher studying Computer Science at Stellenbosch University in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. Investigation Into SASSA. In October 2024, Joel Cedras and Veer Gosai came forward claiming that there was mass fraud among the youths ID numbers which were being used to collect SASSA SRD R370 grants. In a on campus random survey of 60 people, 56 people were found to have fraudulent SASSA SRD applications. They further stated that they tested all possible ID numbers of people born in February 2005 and that there was a 91% application rate, far exceeding the current youth unemployment rate of 60%. In Parliament, the minister of Social Development gave SASSA 30 days to investigate this matter.
Stellenbosch University (SU) is a public research university situated in Stellenbosch, a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Stellenbosch is the oldest university in South Africa and the oldest extant university in Sub-Saharan Africa, which received full university status in 1918. Stellenbosch University designed and manufactured Africa's first microsatellite, SUNSAT, launched in 1999. Stellenbosch is organised in 139 departments across 10 faculties offering bachelor's (NQF 7) to doctoral degrees (NQF 10) in the English and Afrikaans language. Across five campuses in the Western Cape, the university is home to 32,000 students. The students of Stellenbosch University are nicknamed "Maties". The term probably arises from the Afrikaans word "tamatie" (meaning tomato, and referring to the maroon sports uniforms and blazer colour). An alternative theory is that the term comes from the Afrikaans colloquialism "maat" (meaning "buddy" or "mate"), originally used diminutively ("maatjie") by the students of the University of Cape Town's precursor, the South African College.
Bain Capital Ventures LLC (BCV) is the venture capital division of Bain Capital. It invests in early-stage and growth companies in various industries. BCV manages $10 billion and has offices in New York City, Palo Alto, and San Francisco. The firm is part of Bain Capital, which manages $160 billion in assets worldwide. Investments. Since starting in 2001, BCV has raised over $10 billion across ten funds. Some of its early investments include LinkedIn, DocuSign, Twilio, and Rent the Runway. Its investments include companies at the seed, early, and growth stages. Examples of recent growth-stage investments are Docker and GoCardless. Notable Exits. Some of Bain Capital Ventures' investments have been very successful. For example:
Apple Pay is a mobile payment service developed by Apple Inc. and started on October 20, 2014. It allows people to make payments in person and works with iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac and Vision Pro. Service. Device Works. The service works with iPhone 6 and newer, iPad Air 2 and newer, Macs with Touch ID and Apple Watch Series 1 and newer. In iOS 17 or later, the number of cards that can be added depends on the secure element capacity, which varies by device. Apple Cash. Apple Cash, formerly Apple Cash Pay is a feature in Apple Pay that allows to transfer of money from one user to another user via iMessage. When users get a payment, the money will be added to their apple cash card and can be used right away in the store that accepts Apple Pay, This will work only United States. The Age Requirement is 18 Years Old or Older. If they are under 18, they are required to have an Apple Cash family app. Availability. Worked countries. Apple Pay can be worked with any EMV contactless terminal worldwide as long as the people are using a working card. There is at least one card and bank in each of these 86 countries and regions gives these cards.
Rent the Runway is an e-commerce service where people can rent, subscribe, or buy designer clothes and accessories. It was started in 2009 by Jennifer Hyman and Jennifer Fleiss. History. Jennifer Hyman and Jennifer Fleiss met at Harvard Business School in 2007. Hyman had the idea to rent dresses for events after her sister spent too much on a wedding dress. They pitched the idea to designer Diane von Fürstenberg, who became an early partner. The company launched in November 2009 and gained attention after being featured in "The New York Times". In 2016, it began offering everyday clothing through subscriptions. Rent the Runway raised over $400 million in funding from major investors like Fidelity Investments and Bain Capital Ventures. In 2019, it was valued at $1 billion, making it a unicorn. Business. Rent the Runway offers clothes from over 700 designers in sizes 00 to 22. The service includes event wear, everyday clothes, children's clothing, ski apparel, home décor, and accessories like handbags and jewelry. Challenges. In 2023, the company struggled as sales failed to meet customer demand. Analysts reported it could face financial trouble, including possible bankruptcy. Awards. Rent the Runway appeared on CNBC's Disruptor 50 list in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019. It was also named one of Fast Company's Most Innovative Companies several times.
The Railhead Trilogy by Phillip Reeve is a set of 3 books. The books tell the story of Zen Starling in a fictional, future setting where sentient trains provide travel throughout the galaxy. Trilogy. Railhead consists of three books:
Toramana was ultimately defeated five years after the First Battle of Eran (510 CE) by local Indian rulers, with Bhanugupta, a regional king, sometimes credited for his victory over him. Bhanugupta's inscription from 510 CE, found in Eran, mentions his involvement in "a great battle," and though the details are unclear, it has been interpreted by some as indicating his role in Toramana's defeat. Battle. Toramana was eventually defeated by local Indian rulers, with the ruler Bhanugupta sometimes credited with his defeat. Bhanugupta's 510 CE inscription from Eran refers to his involvement in a "great battle," but the details of this conflict are vague, leaving room for various interpretations. Some scholars, such as Mookerji, suggest that the inscription, along with references in the Manjusri-mula-kalpa, imply that Bhanugupta was actually defeated by Toramana in the battle at Eran, leading to the western Gupta province of Malwa falling under Huna control. In this scenario, Toramana would have been recognized as the ruler of the region, as noted in the Eran boar inscription. Toramana was decisively defeated by King Prakashadharma of the Aulikara dynasty of Malwa after nearly 20 years of his presence in India. According to the Rīsthal stone-slab inscription, which was discovered in 1983, this victory occurred in 515 CE. Prakashadharma was a notable king of this dynasty, who assumed the title, "Adhiraja". The Rīsthal inscription gives us information about his achievements. The First Hunnic War ended with a defeat for the Huns, and their army reportedly withdrew to the Punjab region. The Manjusri-mula-kalpa just says that Toramana died in Benares while he was heading back west after fighting Narasimhagupta.
The blue-breasted poison frog, beautiful-breasted poison frog, beautiful-breasted poison arrow frog, or Silverstone's poison frog ("Ameerega pulchripecta") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Home. This frog lives in the Amazon. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground in rainforests. Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 310 meters above sea level. Scientists have only seen this frog in protected parks. Two of them are Floresta Nacional do Amapá and Parque Natural Municipal do Cancão. Young. The adult male frogs sit under plant roots no higher than 40 cm above the ground. Then they call to the female frogs. Scientists think the female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground and that, after the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water. Danger. Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans do cut down trees to get wood to build with and mark farms. People might also catch this frog to sell as a pet. Scientists say this does not happen enough to make the frog die out.
The Aggregate effects doctrine is an idea about how laws work in the United States of America. The Aggregate effects doctrine is also named the Cumulative effects doctrine. The Aggregate effects doctrine is also named the Substantial effects doctrine.  The Aggregate effects doctrine allows a power of the United States of America's Congress to go further than that power could go before. That power is the power to decide about trade between states of the United States of America. The Aggregate effects doctrine is the belief that that power also allows the United States of America's Congress to decide about some trade. That some trade is trade which happens within only 1 state of the United States of America. That some trade is that trade which changes something about trade between states of the United States of America. Some experts believe that the Aggregate effects doctrine lets Congress decide about trade which does "not" change trade between states, but merely "could".
Howard William Lutnick (born July 14, 1961) is an American billionaire businessman, philanthropist and politician who has been the 41st and current United States Secretary of Commerce since 2025. He has been Chairman of Cantor Fitzgerald since 1996. He is also the chairman of BGC Group since 2004. Lutnick survived the September 11 attacks when he was at the World Trade Center. Lutnick owns 60% of Cantor Fitzgerald, with a net worth of "at least $1.5 billion". In November 2024, President-elect Donald Trump picked Lutnick to be his secretary of commerce for his second administration. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in February 2025. Early life. Lutnick was born into a Jewish family on July 14, 1961 in Jericho on Long Island. He studied at Haverford College in Pennsylvania. His parents died of cancer before Lutnick started college. The president and dean of Haverford called Lutnick a week after his father's death and offered him a full scholarship for his education there. Lutnick graduated from the school with a degree in economics in 1983. Business career. Lutnick joined Cantor Fitzgerald in 1983. In 1991, Lutnick was named president and CEO of the company, and he became chairman in 1996. In 2004, Lutnick and then head of the London office Lee M. Amaitis decided to split Cantor Fitzgerald into two separate operations. Cantor would become head of the newly formed BGC Partners. In 2008, Lutnick helped merge BGC Partners and eSpeed, a deal worth $1.3 billion. September 11 attacks. At the time of the September 11 attacks, Cantor Fitzgerald's offices was located in the 101–105th floors in the World Trade Center's North Tower, just above where a hijacked plane hit the building. None of the employees who were in the Cantor offices that morning survived the attacks. In total, 658 of Cantor's 960 employees died that day, including
Jericho is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. It is about 29 miles (47 km) east of Manhattan. The population was 14,808 at the time of the 2020 census.
Haverford College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Haverford, Pennsylvania. The college gives Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees.
Haverford is an unincorporated community located in both Haverford Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States, and Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County. It is about west of Philadelphia.
Haverford Township is a home rule municipality township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Haverford is named after the town of Haverfordwest in Wales. It is a suburb of Philadelphia.
Cesare Bonizzi, OFM Cap. (15 March 1946 – 19 November 2024), also known as "Frate Cesare" was an Italian Capuchin friar and heavy metal singer.  Bonizzi was born in Offanengo, in the Province of Cremona, Italy. He was ordained a priest in 1983.  In 1990, he became interested in using music for spiritual devotion. He released many albums in different styles from new age to rock. He was inspired by Metallica and began producing heavy metal albums.  Bonizzi died on 19 November 2024 in Milan, Italy at the age of 78.
Virginia's seventh congressional district is a United States congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The district is currently represented by Democrat Eugene Vindman, first elected in 2014.
Eugene Semyon Vindman (born Yevgeny Semyonovich Vindman; June 6, 1975) is an American politician, attorney, and retired U.S. Army officer. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Virginia's 7th congressional district since 2025. He was a deputy legal advisor for the United States National Security Council (NSC) until he was reassigned on February 7, 2020. Vindman became well known in October 2019 when his twin brother, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, testified before the United States Congress about the Trump–Ukraine scandal. In 2024, Vindman won the Democratic Party nomination for in the U.S. House of Representatives, Vindman won election to Congress in the general election for that office.
Levar Marcus Stoney (born March 20, 1981) is an American politician. He was the 80th mayor of Richmond, Virginia from 2017 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Stoney is running for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2025 election. He originally ran for governor, but dropped out in April 2024 to support Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger.
Glen Allen is a census-designated place (CDP) in Henrico County, Virginia, United States. The population was 16,187 as of the 2020 Census.
The 2025 Virginia gubernatorial election will be held on November 4, 2025. Current Republican governor Glenn Youngkin cannot run for re-election since state's governors cannot run for two consecutive terms.
The Syrian revolution, also called the Syrian Revolution of Dignity, was a series of protests and uprisings in Syria during the Arab Spring. It began in March 2011 and lasted until mid-2012. Protesters called for the end of the Assad family's rule, which had lasted for decades. Background. Before the protests, Syria was ruled by President Bashar al-Assad under a strict Ba'ath Party dictatorship. The government limited freedom of speech and arrested critics. Syria was also affected by corruption, poverty, and a severe drought. Protests in other countries during the Arab Spring inspired Syrians to demand change. The Uprising. Protests began in January 2011 and grew by March. Security forces responded with violence, killing and arresting many people. This led to anger and larger protests. By mid-2011, soldiers were defecting, and opposition militias like the Free Syrian Army formed. The peaceful uprising became an armed conflict, eventually leading to a civil war. International Reaction. The United Nations and many countries condemned the government’s actions. Reports accused the Assad government of using extreme violence, including torture and attacks on civilians. In August 2011, the UN said these acts were crimes against humanity and called for President Assad to face trial. The Syrian Revolution turned into one of the most significant events of the Arab Spring, but it also led to a prolonged and devastating civil war.
Johnnathan Evangelista Silva (August 10, 1993), better known as Goku Mineiro, is a Brazilian digital influencer and content creator, popularly known as Goku Mineiro. He gained prominence on the TikTok platform for his imitations of anime characters, especially the iconic Goku, from the Dragon Ball series. Early life and Career. Johnnathan was born and raised in the city of Guanhães, in the state of Minas Gerais. From a young age, he showed an interest in Japanese pop culture, especially anime. Inspired by his passion for Dragon Ball and the character Goku, he developed his unique style of creating content focused on humor and character imitation. In 2020, he began posting videos on TikTok, where he uses his creativity to interpret scenes, create parodies and interact with fans of the anime universe. His charismatic manner and use of regional expressions from Minas Gerais quickly won over the public. He currently has more than 530 thousand followers on the platform. In addition to his impersonations, Goku Mineiro is also known for incorporating the accent and mannerisms of Minas Gerais into the characters he plays, which makes him one of the most original influencers in the anime niche. His videos often include references to local culture and everyday life in Minas Gerais, bringing a humorous and accessible approach to his followers. Throughout his career, Johnnathan has participated in events related to geek culture and anime, strengthening his presence in the Brazilian scene. He also uses his social networks to engage with fans and promote positive messages, such as the importance of self-confidence and hard work.
is an American indie pop band made by brothers Met. They are a group of singers, multi-instrumentalists, and songwriters. The brothers grew up in New York City. They were mostly focused on busking and singing covers before they changed to writing songs and touring. AJR has recorded more than 100 songs at their studio at home. They have released five studio albums on many record labels and their indie label.
Beer Island is an island in the South Pacific. It is 1 nautical mile from The Niblets, and was charted and named by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill. Its basically just a lump of ice.