ejaasaari/simplewiki-2025-04-01 huggingface dataset:
Basic topolgies. There are seven basic topologies: Which of these is chosen depends on what devices need to be connected, how reliable it has to be, and the cost associated with cabling. Physical topology. The shape of the cabling layout used to link devices is called the physical topology of the network. This refers to how the cables are laid out to connect many computers to one network. The physical topology you choose for your network depends on: Types of Physical topologies. The mapping of the nodes of the network and the physical connections between them – the layout of wiring, cables, the locations of nodes, and the interconnections between the nodes and the cabling or wiring system. Point-to-point. The simplest topology is a permanent link between two endpoints (the line in the illustration above). Switched point-to-point topologies are the basic model of conventional telephone. The value of a permanent point-to-point network is the value of guaranteed, or nearly so, communications between the two endpoints. The value of  an on-demand point-to-point connection is proportional to the number of potential pairs of subscribers, and has been expressed as Metcalfe's Law. Permanent (dedicated) Easiest to understand, of the variations of point-to-point topology, is a point-to-point communications channel that appears, to the user, to be permanently associated with the two endpoints. A children's "tin-can telephone" is one example, with a microphone to a single public address speaker is another. These are examples of "physical dedicated" channels. Within many switched telecommunications systems, it is possible to establish a permanent circuit. One example might be a telephone in the lobby of a public building, which is programmed to ring only the number of a telephone dispatcher. "Nailing down" a switched connection saves the cost of running a physical circuit between the two points. The resources in such a connection can be released when no longer needed, for example, a television circuit from a parade route back to the studio. Switched: Using circuit-switching or packet-switching technologies, a point-to-point circuit can be set up dynamically, and dropped when no longer needed. This is the basic mode of conventional telephony. In local
Prostatitis is any form of inflammation of the prostate gland. Because women do not have a prostate gland, it is a condition only found in men, although women do have microscopic paraurethral Skene's glands connected to the distal third of the urethra in the prevaginal space that are homologous to the prostate, and may cause symptoms. A prostatitis diagnosis is assigned at 8% of all urologist and 1% of all primary care physician visits in the USA. Nomenclature. The term prostatitis refers in its strictest sense to histological (microscopic) inflammation of the tissue of the prostate gland, although historically the term has loosely been used as a rubric to describe a set of quite different conditions. To try to remedy this, the NIH devised a new classification system in 1999. Classification. According to the 1999 National Institute of Health (NIH) Classification, there are four categories of prostatitis:  Subdivisions of IIIa (inflammatory) and IIIb (non-inflammatory) exist based on levels of pus cells in expressed prostatic secretions, but these subcategories are of limited use clinically Category I: Acute prostatitis (bacterial). Signs and symptoms. Men with this disease often have chills, fever, pain in the lower back and genital area, urinary frequency and urgency often at night, burning or painful urination, body aches, and a demonstrable infection of the urinary tract, as evidenced by white blood cells and bacteria in the urine. There may be discharge from the penis. Diagnosis. Acute prostatitis is relatively easy to diagnose due to its symptoms that suggest infection. Common bacteria are "E. Coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Serratia," and "Staphylococcus aureus." This can be a medical emergency in some patients and hospitalization with intravenous antibiotics may be required. A full blood count reveals increased white blood cells. Sepsis from prostatitis is very rare, but may occur in immunocompromised patients; high fever and malaise
The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex is a book by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871. It was Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory, with the first being his 1859 work, "On the Origin of Species". Darwin had said almost nothing about human beings in the "Origin", except a single sentence: "Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history". In "The Descent of Man", Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and also explains his theory of sexual selection. He thought the two topics were closely connected. In the nearly 12 years between the "Origin" and the "Descent of Man", several writers had written works on the subject. Noteworthy were: Both were published in 1863. Sexual selection. Sexual dimorphism. The starting point for sexual selection is the observation that males differ from females, not just in sexual apparatus, but in many other traits. This is true of many animals, and the question is why this happens. The answer given by Darwin, and followed by many other biologists, is that the selection on males is different from the selection on females. Sexual selection in Man. Sexual selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition (competition between members of the same species). Darwin defined sexual selection as the effects of the "struggle between the individuals of one sex, generally the males, for the possession of the other sex". Biologists today distinguish between "male to male combat" or "intrasexual selection" (it is usually males that fight each other), "mate choice" or "intersexual selection" (usually female choice of male mates) and sexual conflict. Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and fighting. Traits selected by male combat are called "weapons"; and traits selected by mate choice are called "ornaments".
Minecraft is a 2011 sandbox game made and published by Mojang Studios. Originally made by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java programming language, it started being made over the span of two years, from 17 May 2009 to 18 November 2011. More than 300 million copies of the game have been sold. This makes it the best-selling video game of all time. In "Minecraft", players explore a freely walkable world filled with many 3D items. Many of these items are cubes called "blocks" that can be placed down. These include basic terrain and resources such as dirt, stone, wood, and sand. There are also items the player can use, such as crafting tables, furnaces, blast furnaces, looms, and stonecutters among others. Players can use these to make new items such as tools and armor, as well as different kinds of blocks. Players can then build structures using these blocks, such as buildings, statues, pixel art, and more. "Minecraft" has a large community. It has a lot of user-generated content (things made by players) like mods, servers, skins, resource packs, and custom maps, which add new gameplay features and game modes to the base game. "Minecraft" has three main versions: Java Edition, Bedrock Edition, and Education Edition. Java Edition is the first version of "Minecraft" made, but Bedrock Edition is now used more due to it being multi-platform. Bedrock Edition and Education Edition are written in C++, and Java Edition is written in Java. In the past, special versions of "Minecraft" were made just for video game consoles, like for the PlayStation or for the Xbox 360. History. "Minecraft" was originally made as an experiment to test random generation for caves. "Minecraft" was inspired by "Infiniminer", a game made by Zach Barth. The first version of "Minecraft" was released for PC players on May 17, 2009, and was called Cave Game. After going through alpha and beta versions, the full version was released on 18 November 2011. A version
Lucy Katherine Pinder (born 20 December 1983) is an English glamour model. She is from Winchester, Hampshire. She was discovered sunbathing on Bournemouth beach in 2003 and from there went on to become one of Britain’s most successful glamour models, appearing on countless magazine covers such as Nuts, Loaded, FHM and Maxim magazine and became a regular on the noughties sexiest lists. TV credits include Soccer Am, T4,the Real Hustle, Bo Selecta, the Weakest Link and Celebrity Big Brother. She embarked on an acting career with starring roles in Brit comedy Me Myself and Di, The Royals and Age of Kill. As well as pursuing an acting career she is cohost of podcast ‘Smashing Sundays’ alongside comedy writer Beth Granville.
Keeley Rebecca Hazell (born 18 September 1986) is a British model and actress. Hazell was a Page 3 model and has worked with magazines such as "FHM", "Loaded", "Nuts" and "Zoo Weekly". She has also been in films such as "Horrible Bosses 2" (2014) and the streaming television series "Ted Lasso" (2020) Early life. Hazell was born on 18 September 1986 in Lewisham, London, England, to parents Amber and Roy, who later separated, and grew up in Grove Park.
Sexual conflict is a term in evolutionary biology. It occurs in a species when what benefits the females is different from what benefits the males. The word 'benefit' here means 'what benefits the reproduction of the female's (or male's) genes. It is expressed as a "difference in biological fitness". The conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between males and females. It has primarily been studied in animals, though it can in principle apply to any sexually reproducing organism, such as plants and fungi. Fundamental difference of interest. In sexual reproduction there is, from the point of view of evolution, a fundamental difference of interest between males and females. This difference of interest plays out differently in different species. Their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population. Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring. Examples. Some regard sexual conflict as a subset of sexual selection (which was traditionally regarded as mutualistic), while others suggest it is a separate evolutionary phenomenon.
Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar is the general of the Yemeni army and Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh's half brother. He helped recruit Islamist radicals to fight in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan War. On March 21, 2011, Al-Ahmar defected and joined the anti-government Yemeni protesters, along with other top Yemeni army commanders.
Milan Dudić (born November 1, 1979 in Kraljevo, former Yugoslavia, now Serbia) is a former professional football player from Serbia. He is now playing for SK Sturm Graz as defender in the Austrian t-mobile Liga, the highest division in Austrian football. He started playing football with amateur teams and began as a professional player in 1998 with FK Cukaricki. In 2002, he began playing for Red Star Belgrade. He won the Serbian championship two times with the club (2004, 2006) and the cup twice as well (2004, 2006). In 2006, he played with the national team of Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup in Germany. All together he played 13 matches for the national team. In 2006, he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. With Red Bull Salzburg he won the Austrian Championship three times. In 2011, his contract ended and he went to SK Sturm Graz. Other websites. Milan Dudic (Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg)
Brett DiBiase (born March 16, 1988) is an American professional wrestler. He currently has a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment. He wrestles in their farm team in Florida Championship Wrestling, where he gains experience before going national. He was a FCW Florida Tag Team Championship. Personal life. DiBiase's stepgrandfather Michael DiBiase, his grandmother Helen Hild, and his father Ted DiBiase were professional wrestlers. His older half brother Mike DiBiase II and his older brother Ted DiBiase, Jr. are also professional wrestlers. On March 27, 2010, DiBiase and his brother Ted Jr. induct their father into the WWE Hall of Fame. On June 9, 2009, DiBiase married his high school sweetheart Leah Nicole May.
Passover () is a religious holiday or festival noted by ceremonies each year by Jewish people. They celebrate it to remember when God used Moses to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, as told in the book of Exodus in the Bible. God told Moses to set aside this special week originally called "the feast of unleavened bread". During this time, the people eat special foods, do special rituals and sing special songs. Passover starts on the 15th of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar, which falls in March or April. Second Passover. The "Second Passover" (Pesach Sheni) on the 15th of Iyar in the Hebrew Calendar is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a make-up day for people who were unable to offer the Passover sacrifice at the appropriate time.
2 Pallas (symbol: ) is the second asteroid discovered in the solar system. It was discovered by Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers on March 28, 1802. 2 Pallas is named after Pallas Athena, an alternate name for the goddess Athena. 2 Pallas has a mass estimated to be 7% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. The asteroid is the third largest asteroid in terms of mass and the second largest in terms of diameter.
Paul Michael Glaser (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director. Career. He began his career in the TV series "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing" (1967). In 1972 he had a role in the film starring Goldie Hawn, "Butterflies Are Free" (1972), and in the TV movies "Aces Up" (1974), with Raul Julia, and "Trapped Beneath the Sea" (1974), with Lee J. Cobb. In 1976 he played Harry Houdini in the TV movie: "The Great Houdini". Followed starred in the movies "Phobia" (1980), as Dr. Peter Ross, "Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home!" TV (1983), and "Attack on Fear" TV (1984), he plays the role of a journalist who reports cases of corruption in a small town. Glaser had a great director career as a film and television. He directed Arnold Schwarzenegger in "The Running Man" (1987), The Cutting Edge (1992) &amp; Kazaam (1996). He also directed episodes of the series: "Starsky and Hutch", "Miami Vice", "Otherworld", "The Agency", "Mister Sterling", "Robbery Homicide Division", "Judging Amy", "Third Watch", and many more. Starsky and Hutch. His best known role was that of Det. Dave Starsky in American TV series "Starsky and Hutch". The series is about two friends police, Dave Starsky and Ken Hutchinson; David Soul, to solve all kinds of cases. The series ran between 1975 and 1979. And they filmed 82 episodes. Glaser and Soul have a small role in the movie Starsky &amp; Hutch (2004). He was a guest star on the TV series: "Cannon" (1972), "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972), "The Waltons" (1973), "Kojak" (1974), "The Closer" (2008), "Criminal Minds" (2008), "Numb3rs" (2008), and "The Mentalist" (2009).
"S&amp;M" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is about BDSM. It is the third single off her studio album "Loud" (2010). Another version of the song featuring pop singer Britney Spears was released after Rihanna instructed fans to vote for an artist to be featured on the remix of the song. It has charted successfully in twelve countries. It hit number one in the United States, Canada, and Australia, while reaching the top three in the United Kingdom. "S&amp;M" was the 12th-best performing song of 2011 in the U.S. and UK and the 20th-best performing in Canada. The genre of this song is Eurodance. Music video. The music video was directed by Melanie Matsoukas, who has worked with other artists like Beyoncé. The video was banned from YouTube because it was sexually explicit. However, it is available for users who are signed into their accounts and over the age of 18.
"Coffee &amp; TV" is a song by the British rock band Blur. The song was released on the 1999 album "13". "Coffee &amp; TV" reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and number 26 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Vernon is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Vernon is in the south-central region of British Columbia and is the largest city in the North Okanagan region. It is named after Forbes George Vernon, a former member of government in British Columbia. Including the areas around it, Vernon has a population of 44,519 as of the Canada 2021 Census. A person who lives in Vernon is called a "Vernonite". Vernon was named one of the top six most desirable communities to retire to in North America by Consumer Reports in 2005. Vernon has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Vernon Vipers. History. The site of the city was discovered by the Okanagan First Nations people, who named the community Nintle Moos Chin, which means "jumping over place where the creek narrows". This name refers to a section of the Swan Lake that passes through Downtown Vernon, the community's central business district. The Okanagan people settled around the city's two lakes, Okanagan Lake and Swan Lake, eating seasonal foods. Later, the land was renamed Priest's Valley because of the priests living in the valley around 1859. A town was created in 1885 and was named Vernon in 1887 in honour of Forbes George Vernon, a settler who became part of the British Columbian government. Vernon started to develop in 1863, when gold was found in the surrounding lands. Centreville, the community's original business district, was formed in 1885. Vernon became an economic hub in the Okanagan because of its many cattle ranches and fruit orchard areas that attracted British families. Vernon's growth quickened in 1891 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was opened in the Okanagan and Shuswap regions of British Columbia. Shortly after, the river boat "S.S. Aberdeen" was launched in 1893 to connect Vernon to other parts of the Okanagan. Fruit trees first grew in Vernon by the early 1890s, while water supplies were supplied to the community by canals by 1906. In 1908, the Okanagan Mounted Rifles military program was created, bringing
Salmon Arm is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Salmon Arm is found in the Shuswap Country of the Southern Interior. The population of Salmon Arm was 19,432 in 2021. The mayor of Salmon Arm is Alan Harrison. Salmon Arm has an ice hockey team in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) called the Salmon Arm Silverbacks.
Castlegar is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Castlegar is in the West Kootenay region in British Columbia. There were 8,338 people in Castlegar at the 2021 census. Castlegar is the second largest place in the West Kootenay region.
Albin Planinc or Albin Planinec (18 April 1944 – 20 December 2008) was a chess Grandmaster from Slovenia. He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1968 and 1971. Planinc enjoyed playing old, rarely used openings, and had an tactical style of play that led to some brilliant wins, but also some bad losses. His playing career ended by age 35 because he struggled with a mental illness, but he went on to become a trainer.
Robert Vaughn (November 22, 1932 – November 11, 2016) was an American actor. Career. Without being listed in the credits, Robert Vaughn appeared in "The Ten Commandments" (1956). This was his first job in movies. Two years later he starred in the science fiction movie "Teenage Cave Man". In 1959, he was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and Laurel Awards for "best supporting actor" for his role in "The Young Philadelphians" (1959), with Paul Newman. His second major role was in the movie directed by John Sturges, "The Magnificent Seven" (1960). The movie also starred Yul Brynner and Steve McQueen. Vaughn played an expert gunman. He was one of the 7 Magnificent that helped the peasants. In 1967, he starred in action movie "The Venetian Affair", directed by Jerry Thorpe. A year later, he had a role in "Bullitt" (1968), with Steve McQueen. For this work Robert Vaughn was nominated for a BAFTA Award, for "Best Supporting Actor". In 1969 he starred with George Segal, in the war movie "The Bridge at Remagen" (1969). Then in 1970, has the role of Servilius Casca in "Julius Caesar", with Charlton Heston. In Irwin Allen Production's, "The Towering Inferno" (1974), Vaughn played Senator Parker. He was one of the people who are trapped in the tower. His other movie credits include "Starship Invasions" (1977), with Christopher Lee and directed by Ed Hunt, "Brass Target" (1978), "Virus" (1980) and "The Delta Force" (1986), with Chuck Norris. He also worked on "Superman III" (1983) as Ross Webster. "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.". Robert Vaughn is widely known for playing the role of agent Napoleon Solo in NBC TV series "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", with
Mike Shaw (May 9, 1957 – September 11, 2010) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, Norman The Lunatic and Bastion Booger. He was married to his wife and they had two children. He died on September 11, 2010 due to a heart attack. Championships. Shaw held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Marcus Alexander Bagwell (born January 10, 1970 in Marietta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, Buff Bagwell. Championships. Bagwell held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
Jamar Shipman (born April 21, 1985 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler who currently wrestles for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and Ring of Honor (ROH) under the ring name, Jay Lethal. He is also known for wrestling for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2005 to 2011. Championships. Lethal has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:
M&amp;T Bank Stadium is the home football stadium of the Baltimore Ravens. It is in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens moved into M&amp;T Bank Stadium in 1998 after spending a two years in Memorial Stadium. M&amp;T Bank Stadium has also hosted the NCAA Lacrosse Final Four in 2003, 2004 and 2007.