Original: Castration ( also referred to as : gelding , spaying , neutering , fixing , orchiectomy , oophorectomy ) is any action , surgical , chemical , or otherwise , by which a male loses the functions of the testes or a female loses the functions of the ovaries .
Simplified: Castrationalso : gelding , neutering , orchiectomy , orchidectomy , and oophorectomy is any action , surgical , chemical , or otherwise , by which a male loses the functions of the testes or a female loses the functions of the ovaries .