Original: She was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty , ruling over the Manchu Empire for 48 years from her husband 's death in 1861 to her own death in 1908 .
Simplified: She was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and ruled over China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908 .