Original: June 20 -- Monmouth Rebellion : James Scott , 1st Duke of Monmouth , illegitimate son of King Charles II of England , Scotland and Ireland declares himself King and heir to his father 's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland , after already forming his own army and campaigning against his uncle .
Simplified: July 15 - James Scott , 1st Duke of Monmouth , illegitimate son of Charles II of England ( beheaded ) ( born 1649 )