Genter Julie AnneHon JULIE ANNE GENTER (Green): Just a short call on the second reading. I did want to make one point around why it's so important to have a transport system and our land-use development undertaken in a way that reduces a reliance on fossil fuels and this is a point that goes back to 2008 when we were worried about security of supply and high oil prices. Ultimately it's decisions that Government and local government make about land-use planning and about investment in transport infrastructure that has an impact on how people and goods can move around the country. Obviously in the 20th century we had a big push for roads and motor vehicles. One of the costs that is not considered for New Zealand is just how much the private cost of cars trucks and fuel is. So Government might be putting $5 billion maybe a little bit more into the transport network each year in terms of building infrastructure maintaining it watching the enforcement of rules etc. but New Zealanders on the private side have to spend many times more than that to use the roading network. There was a recent report—I don't know if it's been published yet but we saw a presentation of it in select committee—talking about the cost of our transport system to GDP and once you tally up all the costs it's something like $60 billion a year. I mean that is huge. That is nearly 20 percent. So anything that we do to reduce people's reliance on vehicles because we're providing more passenger services or because we're investing in freight network and services that means that things don't have to move on the road reduces that cost for vehicles and fuel. It also improves our resilience because then if there are spikes in the oil price if there's a disruption to supply it doesn't matter because we have alternatives. So that's the kind of preparedness that the Green Party has been talking about for 20 years. It's something we still need to do. We have seen other countries move quite quickly—that have certain things in common with us—to switch to electrification of their fleet. But it's not just electrification of the vehicles that are currently moving in the way they are; it's also improvements in energy efficiency relying less on really heavy vehicles to move goods. There's all sorts of opportunities and logistics and whatnot but it's not something that's going to happen without coordinated Government leadership at both central and local government level. And I guess that's you know the point that we're making—that we need Government to set the direction and to put in place the supportive initiatives investment and support so that everyone in New Zealand no matter what they're doing can take the steps they need to to futureproof our society to climate change and to increase severe weather events. But also reducing carbon emissions is really important because at a certain point we won't be able to adapt if we don't reduce emissions. Adaptation is no longer possible.The benefit of that is it also has these energy efficiency benefits. It's more resilient to potential disruption in crude oil globally and because we're having to import all of this anyway it's sort of like a direct cost to our economy. So the less oil we have to import to move people and goods around the country the better off we are. But we need coordinated Government investment in infrastructure to get us to the point where we aren't so reliant on that.