Davis Kelvin: Kaikōura (Te Tai-o-Marokura) Marine Management Bill — Second ReadingText is incorporated into the Bound VolumeDavis Kelvin: Kaikōura (Te Tai-o-Marokura) Marine Management Bill — Second Reading[Sitting date: 22 July 2014. Volume:700;Page:19369. Text is incorporated into the Bound Volume.]KELVIN DAVIS (Labour):Tēnā koe Mr Speaker i tēnei wiki o Te Reo Māori. E tika ana kia tukuna atu ngā ruarua kupu hei tīmata i tōku huihuinga ēngari e tika ana ngā kōrero o ō tātou mātua tūpuna ahakoa he iti he pounamu. Nā reira tēnā koutou e te Whare.[Salutations to you Mr Speaker in this week of the Māori language. It is fitting that I utter a few words to begin with but concur with the aptness of the sentiments of our forefathers that even though it is few it is a treasure. So greetings to you all in the House.]I have only recently come on to the Local Government and Environment Committee and I have missed the bulk of the Kaikōura (Te Tai-o-Marokura) Marine Management Bill. In fact I am quite disappointed that I hear the select committee went down to Kaikōura without me because if anyone knows the Reo Māori Kaikōura means to eat crayfish and I certainly missed out on that opportunity down there. In fact it is almost culturally insensitive to invite me on to the select committee after a visit to Kaikōura but maybe for old time’s sake we could have another meeting down there and I would get my colleague Moana Mackey to recommend a good restaurant for us to have our select committee hui in.The Kaikōura marine and coastal environment has unique biological features and is of historical cultural economic and spiritual significance. It is a thriving tourism industry as we have heard and as we know through Whale Watch Kaikōura which contributes some $134 million to the local economy. Despite these attributes Kaikōura has very little formal coastal and marine protection hence the establishment through this bill of a marine reserve a whale sanctuary a New Zealand fur seal sanctuary five customary fisheries areas and an advisory committee on fishing regulations.We need to acknowledge the work of the local community members who came together in 2005 and established themselves as Te Korowai o Te Tai o Marokura—that is Te Korowai Coastal Marine Guardians—to provide leadership about the use and protection of Kaikōura’s resources. We have heard that they developed the strategy over 7 years and they encompassed iwi representatives local marine industries tourism operators and environmental groups. They set out the vision for the area and reached a consensus on the coastal and marine environment and how it should be managed.Te Korowai in itself and I will jump a step here—the bill actually makes use of Ngāi Tahu names in recognition of Ngāi Tahu. I just want to explain about the name Te Korowai o Te Tai o Marokura. Te Tai o Marokura means the seas or the waters of Marokura. Te Korowai is a cloak. It was often used to lay down over something as an analogy for ownership or protection or guardianship over whatever it was laid over. So Te Korowai o Te Tai o Marokura literally means the cloak of Te Tai o Marokura. Culturally it means to lay the cloak or mantle of Ngāti Kuri who are the iwi of that area over Te Tai o Marokura caring for the seas around Kaikōura. I want to also make a distinction in relation to Ngāti Kuri around Kaikōura. There is also Ngāti Kurī up where I come from in Muriwhenua who are the iwi around Cape Reinga Te Rerenga Wairua.Another Māori name that has been used in this bill is Te Whata-Kai-o-Rakihouia. A whata is a raised platform where food was stored on top of it. Making reference to the evidence of Maurice Manawatu on behalf of Te Rūnanga o Kaikōura and Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu when they submitted to the Canterbury Regional Council they explained the name of Te Whata-Kai-o-Rakihouia. They say in their records that Waitaha were the first people to have arrived at Te Waipounamu. Waitaha arrived under the leadership of Rākaihautū in the Uruao waka at Whakatū which is Nelson. They arrived there in about AD 850. From here Rākaihautū led a party inland and down the island but his son was Rakihouia. Rakihouia led another party in the Uruao waka down the east coast and landed at Kaikōura in the area that we have been talking about—the east coast of the South Island. Along the cliffs at Kaikōura Rakihouia and his wife Tapuiti were busy gathering food. Men were lowered down the cliffs in that area with flax ropes to secure eggs and young birds from the nests there and the precipitous seafront has since borne the general name of Te Whata-Kai-o-Rakihouia—the Lofty Storehouses of Rakihouia. This gives a bit of context around at least one of the names that is mentioned in this bill and it also goes back to what I said earlier that this area has cultural and spiritual significance to the tribes—Ngāti Kuri in particular—down there in Kaikōura.We heard from the Minister about the Hikurangi Trench and I just want to endorse what he has said about it in terms of the biomass that is in the Hikurangi Trench which is part of the reserve area. Just taking a report from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) website it talks about the Kaikōura Canyon which is part of the Hikurangi Trench. It says: “New Zealand’s Kaikoura Canyon is a ‘biodiversity hotspot’ containing far more life than seen before at such depths.” When this area the Hikurangi Trench was surveyed NIWA took digital photographs in different parts of the canyon at various depths. The photographs were analysed to determine the abundance of large invertebrates and fish as well as what they call levinspirin which are signs of life on or beneath the sediment surface. I hope I pronounced that correctly.A digital map of the floor of the Kaikōura Canyon was generated using bathymetric data. It was collected during the voyage by a multi-beam echo sounder. I am not sure whether many people know what a multi-beam echo sounder is. Certainly not many people have one of those in their garage next to the lawnmower I am sure. But this data was then used to estimate the total area of the canyon that could be considered to be a biomass hotspot. The analysis of fish abundance was undertaken using information gathered from the photographs and trawls taken during the voyage as well as the bottom trawl. But what the outcome of this said is that the Kaikōura Canyon is one of the most productive benthic—which means ocean floor—deep-sea habitats yet described exceeding by 100 times the highest biomass measured for large invertebrate at those particular depths. This productivity may contribute significantly to the surrounding ecosystem which includes deep commercial fisheries for hoki and orange roughy which in itself is a reason why this reserve the Hikurangi Reserve has been created.I also agree with what Gareth Hughes said about the shape of the Hikurangi Reserve and the fact that less than 2 kilometres of coastline is part of this reserve. I take his point that the odd shape of the reserve boundaries tends to undo a bit of the good of the boundary. However we have also heard how the boundary the GPS coordinates were measured down to two decimal places which gave it a margin of error of 10 to 20 metres in terms of any particular position on that boundary. The select committee has changed that so that it now measures down to three decimal places with a margin of error of about 1 metre.There is also a little issue with slipways in the reserve where people would launch their boats. We had to make a change because if people launched their boats and there was a rock or a bit of seaweed in the way of launching the boat they were not actually allowed to move that rock or that bit of seaweed. Anyone who did so would have broken the law so it was best decided that instead of putting people into that sort of situation we would change it so that the slipways were taken out of the reserve area. It encompasses only a very small area of some 20 square metres or so. We thought that instead of putting people in the situation where they may be breaking the law by removing rocks or seaweed or debris from the slipways we would just take the slipways out of that reserve area.I am proud to be part of a Labour Party that is supporting this bill. It is supporting the economic the cultural and the spiritual well-being of Ngāti Kuri and Ngāi Tahu in the Kaikōura area. Kia ora.