TITLE: ES cells general methods
AUTHORS: Rebecca Berrens

[DESCRIPTION]
general methods for mouse ES cell culturing

[BEFORE_START]
All media should be warmed up to37 °C in a water-bath before use.
Spray all the bottles (except new culture flasks or tubes) before putting into the hood.

[STEPS]
SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.3. Spray a tube with 70% EtOH and wipe off. Transfer all thawed cells (~1ml) into the 15ml Falcon tube.
 

SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.4. Drop by drop, and swirl from time to time, add 9ml ES complete medium or EC10 medium. Final volume of cells is 10ml. (DMSO is diluted by 10 times, from 10% in the freezing medium to 1%).
SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.5. Spin the cells down in the centrifuge at room temperature, 1000rpm for 5 min

SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.6. While the cells are spinning, aspirate the gelatine from the T25. Then, add 1-2ml of ES complete medium to wet the bottom surface so that it is ready to receive the cells.
 

SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.7. When cells are spun down, aspirate all the supernatant.  Be careful not to suck in the cell pellet!  Resuspend cells in 4-5ml of ES complete medium.
SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.8. Transfer ALL resuspended cells from Falcon tube to the flask.
SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.9. A proportion of cells die when frozen, so it is better to transfer them all to the new flask, ensuring we got enough cells to seed the new culture.
SECTION: Splitting confluent cells
2. Splitting confluent cells
SECTION: Splitting confluent cells
2.1. Add gelatine to a new flask for receiving split cells.
SECTION: Splitting confluent cells
2.2. Aspirate all medium in the flask.  Wash the cells with 5ml PBS.  Shake gently, then aspirate all the liquid.
SECTION: Splitting confluent cells
2.3. Add 0.7ml of trypsin (for a T25) to the cells.  Incubate the flask at 37C for 5 minutes.  Shake vigorously to split clumps of cells if necessary.
 

SECTION: Splitting confluent cells
2.4. While the cells are trypsinising, aspirate gelatine from the new flask and replace with 1-2ml of ES complete medium.
SECTION: Splitting confluent cells
2.5. Inactivate the trypsin by resuspending the cells in 4-5ml of ES complete medium. Make sure an even cell suspension is obtained by gently pipetting up and down.  Then, using the same pipette, transfer a proportion of resuspended cells from the old flask to the new one.
 

SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3.1. Split cells as described.  Transfer resuspended cells to a Falcon tube, and spin cells down at 1000rpm for 3-5 minutes at room temperature (25 °C).

SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3.2. While the cells are spinning, prepare 5ml of foetal calf serum (FCS) with 20% DMSO.
 

SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3.3. Resuspend cells in 4ml FCS. Gently but quickly add in an equal volume (4ml) of FCS + DMSO.  (DMSO is toxic to cells.) The final volume of cells will be 8ml and DMSO concentration will be 10%.
 

SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3.4. Aliquot 1ml of resuspended cells into each freezing vial (cryo tubes).
SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3.5. Immediately transfer vials to Mr Frosty (box with a sponge soaked with isopropanol) and then to -80 °Cfreezer. Cells will be frozen gradually to avoid bursting (temperature drops by 1 °C per minute).

SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3.6. Transfer vials to liquid nitrogen canister the next day. When thawing the vial, plate cells into T25 flask.
SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.1. Have a 15ml Falcon tube (for resuspending cells) and T25 flask ready.Add ~2ml of0.1% gelatine to cover the bottom of T25.Let the gelatine set for 15 min

 

SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1.2. Thaw cells in a 37 °C water bath (in a beaker with a float).
      
 


SECTION: Reactivating cells from liquid nitrogen stock
1. Reactivating cells for liquid nitrogen stock
SECTION: Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen (from a confluent T75)
3. Freezing cells in liquid nitrogen