TITLE: Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) real-time RT-PCR ORF1ab 2020 (Wuhan-ORF1ab; nCoV-specific test)
AUTHORS: Judy A. Northill, Ian Mackay

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><ul style = "list-style-type:disc;"><li style = "counter-reset:ol0;list-style-type:disc;"><span>A real-time RT-PCR to detect the "novel Wuhan" betacoronavirus or Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus. Based on sequence </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947.3/" style = "text-decoration:underline;color:blue;cursor:pointer;"><span style = ":;">MN908947</span></a><span> made available by Professor Yong-Zhen Zhang, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. </span></li><li style = "counter-reset:ol0;list-style-type:disc;">The target region is within the ORF1ab sequence.</li><li style = "counter-reset:ol0;list-style-type:disc;">Not tested on wild-type virus (as of 25Jan2020), it is expected to be capable of only detecting the Wuhan coronavirus.</li><li style = "counter-reset:ol0;list-style-type:disc;">·Limit of detection not yet determined.</li></ul></div><div class = "text-block"><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Notes</span></div><div class = "text-block"><ol style = "list-style-type: decimal;"><li style = "counter-reset:ol0;">Assay is fully optimised (as of 24Jan2020).</li><li style = "counter-reset:ol0;">A final name for this virus has not been decided (as of 25Jan2020).</li></ol></div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [Mix]
Oligonucleotides  ABC1Oligo NameSequence 5'-3'Location based on NC_045512*2WuhanORF1ab-FAATCCACCTGCTCTACAAGATG5455-54763WuhanORF1ab-RCATCACCTAACTCACCTACTGTC5566-55444WuhanORF1ab-P6FAM-AGCTTCACCAGCCCTTGCTCT-BHQ15505-5485
ABC1Oligo NameSequence 5'-3'Location based on NC_045512*2WuhanORF1ab-FAATCCACCTGCTCTACAAGATG5455-54763WuhanORF1ab-RCATCACCTAACTCACCTACTGTC5566-55444WuhanORF1ab-P6FAM-AGCTTCACCAGCCCTTGCTCT-BHQ15505-5485
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Reagents
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Synthetic controlsSynthetic controls are produced using the binary synthetic template oligonucleotide positive control for in-house diagnostic real-time RT-PCR method.The oligonucleotide sequences required to make controls for this assay are:Probe control: AAAATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGTGAAGAGAATCCACAAGGAATTGAAAGCTTCACCAGCCCTTGCTCTACAGTGTTCAGCAGGTCCTGTTGAAAAPrimer control:AAAATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAATCCACCTGCTCTACAAGATGATGATCTGGCACGGGACCCTCCAAGACAGTAGGTGAGTTAGGTGATGAAAA
?. [Mix]
Reaction Set-upAssay has been designed to be used on both a Rotor-Gene 6000 / Rotor-Gene Q 5-plex using 100-place rotor discs and a ABI 7500 Fast real-time machine.Total reaction volume is 20µL.Prepare sufficient for number of reaction plus a 'dead volume' usually 2 extra. Adjust as necessary if using a robotic dispenser.  ABC1ReagentVolume (ul) X1Final reaction concentration2Nuclease free water4.373WuhanORF1ab-F (200uM)0.07700nM4WuhanORF1ab-R (200uM)0.09900nM5WuhanORF1ab-P (100uM)0.03150nM62 X Reaction mix*101X7Superscript III/Platinum Taq enzyme mix*0.48ROX reference dye (25uM)*0.0450nM9TOTAL VOLUME15Dispense 15µl to each reaction well.Add 5µl of template, extracted RNA, controls or NTC (nuclease-free water).Total reaction volume is 20µl.
ABC1ReagentVolume (ul) X1Final reaction concentration2Nuclease free water4.373WuhanORF1ab-F (200uM)0.07700nM4WuhanORF1ab-R (200uM)0.09900nM5WuhanORF1ab-P (100uM)0.03150nM62 X Reaction mix*101X7Superscript III/Platinum Taq enzyme mix*0.48ROX reference dye (25uM)*0.0450nM9TOTAL VOLUME15
?. [Amplification]
PCR amplification  AB11 cycle40 cycles250°C     5min95°C 3 seconds395°C     2min60°C 30 seconds*
AB11 cycle40 cycles250°C     5min95°C 3 seconds395°C     2min60°C 30 seconds*
?. [Result Analysis]
The definition used for a satisfactory positive result from a real-time fluorogenic PCR should include each of the following:A sigmoidal curve – the trace travels horizontally, curves upward, continues in an exponential rise and followed by a curve towards a horizontal plateau phaseA suitable level of fluorescence intensity as measured in comparison to a positive control (y-axis)A defined threshold (CT) value which the fluorescent curve has clearly exceeded (Fig.1 arrow) and which sits early in the log-linear phase and is A flat or non-sigmoidal curve or a curve that crosses the threshold with a CT value >40 cycles is considered a negative resultNTCs should not produce a curve Figure 1. Examples of satisfactory sigmoidal amplification curve shape when considering an assay’s fluorescent signal output. The crossing point or threshold cycle (CT) is indicated (yellow arrow); it is the value at which fluorescence levels surpass a predefined (usually set during validation, or arbitrary) threshold level as shown in this normalized linear scale depiction. LP-log-linear phase of signal generated during the exponential part of the PCR amplification; TP-a slowing of the amplification and accompanying fluorescence signal marks the transition phase; PP-the plateau phase is reached when there is little or no increase in fluorescent signal despite continued cycling.