TITLE: SPARC Cat - Sham Control Chronic Implant Cat 4, Day 30
AUTHORS: Brett          Hanzlicek, Anna Rietsch, Margot Damaser

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">This is a procedure for a sham control chronic implant cat experiment (Day 30-terminal) for cystotomy (bladder surgery).  The cystotomy was performed and an inactive UroMOCA was implanted on Day 0.  The cat was observed daily and imaged on day 0, 14 and 30 to track changes to the bladder and overall cat health in response to the cystotomy and device implant.  This protocol includes , urodynamics and imaging for Day 30 in the chronic experiments.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [Transport Cat]
Transport cat from housing site to surgery site.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Animal is anesthetized and abdomen is shaved by the vet team.  The cat is then moved into the surgery room and attached to monitors by the vet team.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Drape animal and perform betadine scrub on abdomen and genitals.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Put surgilube on 3.5Fr catheter and insert into bladder through the urethra.  Advance the catheter until resistance is met, then pull back 2-3cm.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Use gentle suction with syringe to withdraw urine from bladder through the catheter.  Measure the volume and save the urine for urinalysis.  urine removed
5 mL
?. [Cystogram - DYNA CT]
Use 1:5 dilution of contrast to saline to visualize bladder.Fill the bladder with   contrast and take a single CT image (11:25:52)Add another    of contrast to the bladder (total of 15ml) and take a single image (11:26:55)Take a 3D CT image with 15ml contrast:saline in the bladder
5 mL
10 mL
?. [Cystogram - DYNA CT]
Empty Bladder
?. [Urodynamics/Cystometry 1]
Performed after cat is transferred from Isoflurane to propofol anesthetic.
Fill rate is 2ml saline/minute using syringe pump.
Data is recorded using Labview software.
Pressure is recorded using an external pressure transducer connected to syringe pump on one end and tubing that leads to the catheter on the other end.
?. [Urodynamics/Cystometry 1]
Fill bladder with saline and record pressure using pressure transducer connected to  LabViewRound 1 urodynamics Fill to     o May have had spontaneous contraction at beginning of fill o More contractions around 13ml     o Stop filling at 15 ml saline (11:41 am) after detecting leak point=leakage around catheter     o Large leak volume when tugging on catheter
15 mL
?. [Urodynamics/Cystometry 1]
Empty Bladder
?. [Urodynamics/cystometry 2]
Fill bladder with saline at 2ml/min
?. [Urodynamics/cystometry 2]
o Stop filling at 14 ml saline (noon) after detecting leak point=leakage around catheter     o Spontaneous contractions seen on recording without pulling on catheter.     o Large leak volume when tugging on catheter     o 16ml withdrawn from bladder
?. [Observations]
Cat continued to be active and playful while the inactive device was in the bladder.  There were no problems observed during urination
?. [Euthanasia]
Cleveland Clinic animal team euthanizes the animal
?. [Dissection/Histology]
Bladder is removed and placed in formalin for histological analysis
Overall, the surgeons thought the bladder looked good.