eamag/protocols-with-steps huggingface dataset:
TITLE: DNA Clean & Concentrator-5--CHEM 584
AUTHORS: Ken Christensen

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Product Description</span></div><div class = "text-block">The DNA Clean & Concentrator™-5 (DCC™-5) provides a hassle-free method for the rapid purification and concentration of high-quality DNA from PCR, endonuclease digestions, cell lysates, and other impure DNA preparations. It can also be used for post-RT cDNA clean-up and purification of sequencing-ready DNA from M13 phage. Simply add the specially formulated DNA Binding Buffer to your sample and transfer the mixture to the supplied Zymo-Spin™ Column. There is no need for organic denaturants or chloroform. Instead, the product features Fast-Spin column technology to yield DNA that is free of salts and contaminants in just 2 minutes. The purified DNA is ideal for DNA ligation, sequencing, labeling, PCR, microarray, transfection, transformation, and restriction digestion procedures.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [PCR Cleanup/Cleanup after Restriction Digest]
In a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube, add 2-7 volumes of DNA Binding Buffer to each volume of DNA sample (see table below). Mix briefly by vortexing.  ABC1ApplicationDNA Binding Buffer:SampleExample2Plasmid, genomic DNA (>2 kb)2:1200 ul : 100 ul3PCR product, DNA fragment5:1500 ul : 100 ul4ssDNA7:1700 ul : 100 ul
ABC1ApplicationDNA Binding Buffer:SampleExample2Plasmid, genomic DNA (>2 kb)2:1200 ul : 100 ul3PCR product, DNA fragment5:1500 ul : 100 ul4ssDNA7:1700 ul : 100 ul
?. [PCR Cleanup/Cleanup after Restriction Digest]
Transfer mixture to a provided Zymo-Spin™ Column in a provided Collection Tube.
?. [PCR Cleanup/Cleanup after Restriction Digest]
Centrifuge for 30 seconds. Discard the flow-through.
?. [PCR Cleanup/Cleanup after Restriction Digest]
Add 200 μl DNA Wash Buffer to the column. Centrifuge for 30 seconds. Repeat the wash step.
?. [PCR Cleanup/Cleanup after Restriction Digest]
Add ≥ 6 μl DNA Elution Buffer or water directly to the column matrix and incubate at room temperature for one minute. Transfer the column to a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and centrifuge for 30 seconds to elute the DNA. Ultra-pure DNA is now ready for use.
TITLE: Whole genome amplification of West Nile virus lineage 2
AUTHORS: Anna Nagy

[DESCRIPTION]
West Nile virus is one of the most important endemic arbovirus in Hungary. For next-generation whole genome sequencing of West Nile virus lineage 2, a one-step reverse transcription PCR assay was developed. PCR amplicons can be used for further amplicon based sequencing protocols on Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome of the West Nile virus is a single-stranded, positive-sense, capped RNA of approximately 10–11 kb in length. The whole genome amplification was carried out by twelve overlapping PCR amplicons. For ampification of the whole genome primer sets were designed by Geneious Prime (version 2021.2.2) primer design tool. 

[STEPS]
SECTION: Nucleic acid extraction
1. Use Qiagen QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (cat. no. 52904 or 52906) for nucleic acid extraction. Nucleic acid extraction should be done by following the manufacturer's instructions. The total volume of the extracted viral RNA is 60 µl.
SECTION: One-Step Reverse transcription (RT) PCR Setup
2. Reagent name: Invitrogen™ SuperScript™ III One-Step RT-PCR System with Platinum™TaqHigh Fidelity DNA Polymerase (cat. no. 12574030 or 12574035)
Keep all components, reaction mixes, and samples on ice. After preparation of the samples, transfer them to the preheated thermal cycler and immediately start the RT–PCR program. West Nile virus (WNV) whole genome can be amplified by 12 overlapping fragments for each sample. Detailed description of primer sets for the whole genome amplification of WNV lineage 2 can be found in the Word file (Primers_WNV_whole_genome_amplification) attached below. 
  
PCR setup:
Add the following to a 0.2–mL, nuclease-free, thin-walled PCR tube on ice:



 
For multiple reactions, you can prepare a master mix to minimize reagent loss and enable accurate pipetting.


SECTION: One-Step Reverse transcription (RT) PCR Setup
3. Program the thermal cycler so that cDNA synthesis is followed immediately with PCR amplification automatically:

 
Gently mix and make sure that all the components are at the bottom of the amplification tube. Centrifuge briefly if needed. Place the reaction tubes in the preheated thermal cycler programmed as described above. 
SECTION: Agarose gel electrophoresis
4.  For visualization and interpretation of the results 1% agarose gel should be used.
TITLE: P5- RECONOCIMIENTOS
AUTHORS: cgarcia

[DESCRIPTION]
Los alumnos matriculados en un programa de doctorado de la EIDUCAM podrán reconocer actividades formativas teniendo en cuenta el reglamento de reconocimiento de la EIDUCAM y siguiendo el siguiente procedimiento:

[STEPS]
SECTION: P5- RECONOCIMIENTOS
1. Reunión con su tutor para identificar y concretar las posibles actividades formativas objeto de reconocimiento, en función de su trayectoria académica, profesional y experiencia investigadora. Esta reunión deberá mantenerla en el inicio de cada curso académico.
SECTION: P5- RECONOCIMIENTOS
2. El alumno deberá aportar en el apartado correspondiente a cada actividad formativa a través de LAUREA ACADEMIC, la documentación acreditativa de superación de dicha actividad. Para que la actividad sea reconocida deberá ser validada por su tutor. Quedando integrada en su documento de actividades.
TITLE: Protocol preparation of bacterial cells
AUTHORS: Thomas Quiroz Monnens, Alice Boulanger

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol details the preparation of bacterial cells to set up LSBA. 

[STEPS]
SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
1. 
 

We collect bacteria in exponential phase. (OD600nm between 1 and 2). For our experiments, 400 mL of washed bacteria at an OD600nm of 0.1 (1 × 108 cfu/ml) are required for the lower receiver of each of the LSBAs. 

SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
2. For 1 LSBAs, inoculate 100 mL of liquid MOKA medium with appropriate antibiotics (here Rifampicin 50 µg/ml) using Xcc and grow   at 28 °C  under agitation at 200 rpm.

SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
5. Add 1 mL of bacterial suspension at a concentration of 4 x 1010 cells/ml to a syringe with a 25G needle. 

SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
3. Centrifuge the overnight growth for 10 minutes at 6,000 rpm and wash twice with 1 millimolar (mM) MgCl2.
 

SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
4. Resuspend the final pellet in 5 mL of 1 millimolar (mM) MgCl2 and measure the OD600nm.
SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
3.1. Centrifuge the overnight growth for  6000 rpm, 10 min and wash twice with 1 millimolar (mM)MgCl2 (1/2).

SECTION: For Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)
3.2. Centrifuge the overnight growth for  6000 rpm, 10 min and wash twice with 1 millimolar (mM)MgCl2 (2/2).

SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
6. We collect bacteria in exponential phase. (OD600nm between 3 and 4). For our experiments, 400 ml of washed bacteria at an OD600nm of 0.1 (1 × 108 cfu/ml) are required for the lower receiver of each of the LSBAs.

SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
8. For 1 LSBAs, inoculate 100 mLof liquid LB medium with appropriate antibiotics (here Rifampicin 50 µg/ml) using So and grow   at 28 °Cunder agitation at 200 rpm.

SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
9. Centrifuge the overnight growth for 10 minutes at 3,500 rpm and wash twice with LM medium. 
SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
10. Resuspend the final pellet in 5 mL LM medium and measure the OD600nm.
SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
11. Add 1 mLof bacterial suspension at a concentration of 4 x 1010 cells/ml to a syringe with a 25G needle.
SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
9.1. Centrifuge the overnight growth for  3500 rpm, 10 min and wash twice with LM medium. (1/2)

SECTION: For Schewanella oneidensis (So)
9.2. Centrifuge the overnight growth for  3500 rpm, 10 min and wash twice with LM medium. (2/2)
7.
TITLE: Standard Operating Procedure for Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Testing (SPATT) Assemblage and Extraction of HAB Toxins
AUTHORS: Kendra Negrey, meredith Howard, Jayme Smith, Raphael Kudela, David Caron

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">SPATT has been developed and tested for a variety of resins (see review by Kudela, 2017). These Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) outline the use of the resin DIAON HP20 since it has been demonstrated to quantify microcystins, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, domoic acid, and okadaic acid in fresh, brackish, and marine waters, all from the same SPATT sampling device (Lane et al. 2010; Miller et al. 2010, Kudela 2011, Gibble and Kudela, 2014, Howard et al., 2017, Kudela, 2017, Peacock et al., 2018). Cylindrospermopsin and nodularin have also been detected using SPATT with DIAON HP20 resin in California, however, the use of DIAON HP20 for these toxins has not been well characterized in the laboratory. This methodology is ready for wider adoption by the research, monitoring, and management communities interested in detecting and tracking the dynamics of freshwater and marine toxins. The SOP described herein for the assemblage and construction of SPATT bags can be used for deployment in freshwater, brackish and marine environments and the extraction process described below is for the analysis of both marine toxins and cyanotoxins.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?.
TITLE: Top-down proteomics data analysis on the NRTDP TDPortal
AUTHORS: Jeannie  Camarillo, Neil  Kelleher

[DESCRIPTION]
This method describes how to analyze data on TD Portal, a top-down proteomics search tool from the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics.

[STEPS]
1. Top-down proteomics data was searched on the TD Portal (portal.nrtdp.northwestern.edu) 
2. Raw files for analysis were selected for search using Top Down Search v. 4.0.
3. Search parameters:
Organism: Homo Sapiens (Human) with Curated Histones: (Taxon 9606 - June 2020)
Use Empirical P-Score: FALSE
Filter by FDR: TRUE
Create SAS Input Sheet for Quant: FALSE
Precursor Resolution: High Resolution
Fragmentation Type: Auto
Code Set: Standard 4.0.0
Include ProSight Error Tolerant Search: FALSE
TITLE: Peanut seed sterilization and germination
AUTHORS: Ziliang   Luo, Liping  Wang

[DESCRIPTION]
Treatments of peanut seeds with HgCl2 and fungicide Abound

[STEPS]
1. In a Clean Bench in room 332, put 



 In a sterile  flask, add 150 mL sterilized 0.1% Hg2Cl solution and shake occasionally for 7 min.

2. Remove the Hg2Cl  by pouring it to a specific biohazard collection container.
3. Rinse the seeds 3 times with 150 mL   for 5 min each with constant shaking.Collect the rinse water to water waste bottle. 

4. Prepare   by adding 0.6 mL  in 100 mL , add the diluted fungicide to the flask. Soak the seeds in the fungicide for 3 min with frequent shaking. 

5. Remove the fungicide by pouring it to a specific biohazard collection container.
6. Rinse the seeds 3 times with 150 mL   for 5 min each with constant shaking.Collect the rinse water to water waste bottle. 
7. Add ddH2O to the flask until the seeds are fully merged. Put it in dark growth chamber 26 °C  for 2880 min. 

8. Pour out the ddH2O, and put the seeds in a germination box
TITLE: Simultaneous detection of miRNA and mRNA at the single-cell level in plant tissues (v2)
AUTHORS: Chi-Chih Wu

[DESCRIPTION]
Detecting the simultaneous presence of a microRNA (miRNA) and a mRNA in a specific tissue can provide support for the prediction that the miRNA regulates the mRNA. Ｗe develop a method that uses sequence-specific miRNA-locked nucleic acid (LNA) and mRNA-LNA probes. Moreover, it augments the detection signal by rolling circle amplification, achieving a high signal-noise ratio at the single-cell level. Dot signals are counted for determining the expression levels of mRNA and miRNA molecules in specific cells. We show a high sequence specificity of our miRNA-LNA probe, revealing that it can discriminate single-base mismatches. Numerical quantification by our method is tested in transgenic rice lines with different gene expression levels. 





[STEPS]
1. Section permeabilization
 
      1. The slides with   sections are taken out the freezer and    equilibrated to RT for 40 mins.    2. Permeabilized in 20 ug/ml proteinase k   for proper duration    3. Quickly wash in DEPC-PBS    4. Quickly dehydrate the slides in EtOH   (50, 70, 99 %) and then air dry     5. Mount the secure seal reaction   chambers onto the slides.    6. Add 1x DEPC-PBS-tween 0.05 % (Wash   buffer) into the chambers to keep the slides wet until RT reaction ready  
 
3. Mixture for mRNA cDNA synthesis (50 ul)
 
        Reagent  Stock  Final    NEB Tag DNA ligase  40U/ul  0.5 U/ul    Rnase H  5 U/ul  0.4 U/ul    Ribolock Rnase inhibitor  40 U/ul  1 U/ul    NEB Tag ligase buffer  10x  1x    BSA  20 ug/ul  0.2 ug/ul    KCl  1 M  0.05 M    Formamide  100%  20%    Pd_A  10 uM  0.1 uM    Pd_B  10 uM  0.1 uM    Pd_C  10 uM  0.1 uM      DEPC-H2O        
 
4. Mixture for miRNA and mRNA padlock probe hybridization and ligation (50 ul)
 
        Reagent  Stock  Final    NEB Tag DNA ligase  40U/ul  0.5 U/ul    Rnase H  5 U/ul  0.4 U/ul    Ribolock Rnase inhibitor  40 U/ul  1 U/ul    NEB Tag ligase buffer  10x  1x    BSA  20 ug/ul  0.2 ug/ul    KCl  1 M  0.05 M    Formamide  100%  20%    Pd_A  10 uM  0.1 uM    Pd_B  10 uM  0.1 uM    Pd_C  10 uM  0.1 uM      DEPC-H2O        
 
5. Rolling circle amplification (50 ul)
 
        Reagent  Stock  Final    Phi 29 polymerase  10 U/ul  1 U/ul    Ribolock Rnase inhibitor  40 U/ul  1 U/ul    10 X phi 29 buffer  10 x  1 x    dNTP  10 mM  0.25 mM    BSA  20 ug/ul  0.2 ug/ul    Glycerol  50%  5%      DEPC-H2O        
 
6. Mixture for detection oligo hybridization (50 ul)
 
        Reagent  Stock  Final    Hyb mixture  4 x  2 x    L13535-S3-FITC  1 uM  0.1 uM    X01178-1852-Cy3  1 uM  0.1 uM    L11805-1854-Cy5  1 uM  0.1 uM      DEPC-H2O        
 
2. Mixture for miRNA hybridization (50 ul)
 
           Stock  Final    Formamide  100%  50%    SSC  20x%  5x    tRNA  10 mg/ml  0.5 ug/ul    Denhardt's  50x  1x    LNA probe A  10 uM  2-3 pmole    DEPC-H2O
TITLE: Haemolymph extraction of adult Drosophila
AUTHORS: Björn  Brembs, Christine Damrau,  Brembs' lab members

[DESCRIPTION]
This is a very simple protocol showing how to extract haemolymph from adult Drosophila melanogaster. (Based on protocols from Sigma Aldrich).

[STEPS]
SECTION: Fly preparation
1. Punch three holes in a 0.5ml Eppendorf cap and put it into a 1.5ml Eppendorf cap with removed lid.
SECTION: Fly preparation
2. Remove the flies’ wings, spear the fly’s thorax with a needly.
SECTION: Fly preparation
3. Collect 20 speared flies in the 0.5ml Eppendorf cap with holes, on ice.
SECTION: Fly preparation
4. Centrifuge the 0.5ml Eppendorf cap within the 1.5ml one (1 min, 5000 rpm, at 4°C). 
1 min
SECTION: Fly preparation
5. Discard the 0.5ml Eppendorf cap, collect the extracted hemolymph with a fine capillary.
SECTION: Fly preparation
6. Record the amount of haemolymph (to fill up 0.5μl you need around 50 flies).
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
7. Add 19.5µl cold PBS to 0.5µl haemolymph.
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
8. Add 10µl of this mixture to 30µl Citrate Acid Buffer and 10µl of a 3% Trehalase-Citrate acid buffer solution.
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
9. Incubate over night at 37°C. 
1080 min
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
10. Add 50µl Tris Buffer.
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
11. 80µl of this mixture are added to 156.8µ Glucose oxidase (aliquot in the freezer) and 3.2µl o-Dianisidine (freshly added from the fridge).
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
12. Incubate for exactly 30 min at 37°C. 
30 min
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
13. Stop reaction by adding 160µl Sulfuric Acid.
SECTION: Enzymatic procedure
14. Measure at 540nm at the (nanoDrop) spectrometer.
TITLE: RNA Isolation from Plant Tissue Protocol 18: innuPREP Plant RNA Kit
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">Implemented by: Michael Melkonian and Barbara Surek</div><div class = "text-block"><span>A small number of algae samples were extracted using the </span><a href="https://www.protocols.io/view/protocol-18-innuprep-plant-rna-kit-4uxgwxn/materials" style = "text-decoration:underline;color:blue;cursor:pointer;"><span style = ":;">innuPREP Plant RNA Kit</span></a><span> (Analytik Jena, Jena Germany) with either the PL and RL lysis buffer. The method followed the manufacturer’s protocols and so they are not repeated here.</span></div><div class = "text-block"><span>This protocol is part of a collection of eighteen protocols used to isolate total RNA from plant tissue. (RNA Isolation from Plant Tissue Collection: </span><a href="https://www.protocols.io/view/rna-isolation-from-plant-tissue-439gyr6" style = "text-decoration:underline;color:blue;cursor:pointer;"><span style = ":;">https://www.protocols.io/view/rna-isolation-from-plant-tissue-439gyr6</span></a><span>) </span></div></div>

[STEPS]
TITLE: Novel In Vivo Regeneration System of Tomato
AUTHORS: Huiying Cao, Xinyue Zhang, yanyeruan , Lijun Zhang, Xuxiao Li, Bing Jia, Rui Ju

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">Plant in vitro regeneration is an important constituent part of horticulture technology and modern molecular breeding. However, many elite commercial cultivars are difficult to culture and regenerate. We need In-depth regeneration mechanism research to address the barrier. Here, we developed a simple, high-efficiency tomato in vivo regeneration method through removing all shoot apex of an intact tomato plant. This indirect regeneration via an intermediate callus phase are not introduced by plant growth regulators. We propose that this process can be used as a model system to investigate the mechanisms that regulate indirect regeneration of higher plants.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Tomato plantsSeeds were placed on moistened filter papers for approximately 3 to 4 d until the seeds sprouted in room temperature. The germinated seeds were seeded into a tray of 72 cells filled with a mixture of nutrient soil, matrix, vermiculite and perlite (2:2:1.5:0.5(v/v/v/v)), and grown in a culture room with temperature ranging from 23 to 28 °C and 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod.
?. Excising the main shoot apexWhen the seedlings had grown 6 to 8 true leaves, the primary shoot was decapitated horizontally with razor blade. The wound was wrapped to prevent drying.
?. Excising axillary budsIn tomato, a primary shoot shows apical dominance and inhibits outgrowth of axillary buds. After excising the main shoot apex, the dormant axillary buds began to develop immediately to replace the lost shoot apex. Resect all axillary buds that appeared after decapitation.
?. Callus formation and adventitious shoot differentiationAbout one week after excising the main shoot apex, callus would be observed on the primary stem wounds first, and then the axillary buds wounds. When the callus entered its differentiation stage, a large number of purple dots appeared on its surface, and finally the shoots appeared to regenerate throughcallus.
TITLE: Diaetoxil Kapseln : Aktualisieren, überprüfen, offizieller Preis hier
AUTHORS: health  

[DESCRIPTION]
Diaetoxil Kapseln ist ein nebenwirkungsfreies Naturprodukt. Lesen Sie mehr über Betrug, Preisbewertungen und Bezugsquellen.

[STEPS]
1. Diaetoxil Nach vierwöchiger Einnahme der Kapseln wiegen Diaetoxil Kapseln in Frankreich 93 % der Probanden, was etwa 11,3 kg oder weniger entspricht. In der Placebogruppe wogen die Teilnehmer im Durchschnitt weniger als 0,4 kg. Als die Forscher nach bestimmten Gefühlen während der Einnahme von Diaetoxil Kapseln Pillen fragten, antworteten 69 %, dass sie weniger Appetit hatten, 84 % einen besseren Stuhl hatten und 65 % besser schliefen. In der Placebo-Gruppe wurden bei den Freiwilligen keine Veränderungen festgestellt. Diaetoxil Kapseln Eine schlanke Linie ist nicht nur attraktiv, sondern auch gesund. Wer keine Zeit für eine strenge Diät und Bewegung hat, sollte zu einem Nahrungsergänzungsmittel greifen. Diaetoxil Kapseln in Frankreich von unserer Redaktion erfüllt alle Standards und ist perfekt geeignet für Menschen, die Probleme mit der 
Offizielles Web : https://zenodo.org/record/6839025 , https://www.mynewsdesk.com/de/growmorepress/pressreleases/diaetoxil-kapseln-erfahrungen-test-preis-bewertungen-fake-kaufen-in-deutschland-schweiz-and-oesterreich-3189550
TITLE: Protocol for chemiluminescence based detection of ROS production in tomato
AUTHORS: Parvinderdeep S Kahlon, Remco Stam

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span>This assay is based on luminol and horseradish peroxidase-dependent chemiluminescence detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plant leaf discs with some modification to make it suitable for tomato, specifically for wild tomato </span><span style = "font-style:italic;">Solanum chilense</span><span>. We tried non-buffered (Water) and buffered systems (MES and MOPS) to evaluate the robustness to detect ROS production in </span><span style = "font-style:italic;">S. chilense</span><span> leaf discs. Buffering the leaf discs with 20mM MOPS at pH 7.5 during the assay resulted in the best outputs with high reproducibility.</span></div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Make leaf discs (8 leaf discs per genotype) with biopsy punch and incubate in 200µl of 20mM MOPS in 96- well plate overnight.
?. Remove the buffer the next day and add 75µl of HRP mix to each well.
?. Read the plate for detecting luminescence in 1-5 minutes intervals at the luminometer for the initial 10 minutes to adjust the baseline.
?. Add 25µl in 4X concentration of the desired elicitor (flg22 in this case) in 4 wells and add water/solution used for dissolving elicitor as a negative control in another 4 wells for individual genotype.
?. Read the plate for detecting luminescence in 1-5 minutes intervals for 60-180 minutes.
?. Normalize the data first to an average of initial 5-10 minutes read (before elicitation) and then to the negative control.
TITLE: Objectives (Part 2 of &#34;Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain&#34;)
AUTHORS: Yiting Lin

[DESCRIPTION]
This is Part 2 of "Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain".
The primary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of online and conventional exercise therapy on pain and function in adults with chronic neck pain.
The secondary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of online and conventional exercise therapy on mental condition and working efficacy in adults with chronic neck pain.

[GUIDELINES]
Objectives:

People with chronic neck pain suffer from persistent pain with impaired physical function and mental health. The proportion of mental issues among them is much higher than healthy population. The purposes of this study were to compare the efficacy of online exercise therapy with conventional exercise therapy on pain, function, psychological status and work efficiency of young adults with chronic neck pain. 

Objective outcome assessments were taken at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period. Additional assessments of the WLQ were done after two weeks and four weeks of intervention.

Primary Objective:

The primary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of online and conventional exercise therapy on pain and function in adults with chronic neck pain. One primary outcome was the average and maximum neck pain measured by VAS. Another outcome was the neck dysfunction measured by the NDI. 

Secondary Objectives:

The secondary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of online and conventional exercise therapy on mental condition and working efficacy in adults with chronic neck pain. There were two secondary outcomes: anxiety and depression measured with HADS, and work efficiency assessed with WLQ.

[STEPS]