TITLE: SPARC Cat - Sham Control Chronic Cat 1, Day 0
AUTHORS: Brett Hanzlicek, Margot Damaser

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">This is a procedure for a sham control chronic cat experiment (Day 0) for cystotomy (bladder surgery).  The cystotomy is performed without UroMOCA implantation.  The cat is observed daily and imaged on day 0, 14 and 30 to track changes to the bladder and overall cat health in response to the cystotomy.  This protocol includes basic surgery, urodynamics and imaging for Day 0 in the chronic experiments.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [Transport Cat]
Transport cat from housing site to surgery site.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Animal is anesthetized and abdomen is shaved by the vet team.  The cat is then moved into the surgery room and attached to monitors by the vet team.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Drape animal and perform betadine scrub on abdomen and genitals.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Put surgilube on 3.5Fr catheter and insert into bladder through the urethra.  Advance the catheter until resistance is met, then pull back 2-3cm.
?. [Animal Prep and catheter placement]
Use gentle suction with syringe to withdraw urine from bladder through the catheter.  Measure the volume and save the urine for urinalysis.  urine removed
28 mL
?. [Cystogram - DYNA CT]
Use 1:5 dilution of contrast to saline to visualize bladder.Fill the bladder with   contrast and take a single CT image.Add   more to bladder (total of 30ml) and take single CT imageTake a 3D CT image with 30ml contrast:saline in the bladder
10 mL
20 mL
?. [Cystogram - DYNA CT]
Empty Bladder
?. [Urodynamics/Cystometry]
Performed after cat is transferred from Isoflurane to propofol anesthetic.
Fill rate is 2ml saline/minute using syringe pump.
Data is recorded using Labview software.
Pressure is recorded using an external pressure transducer connected to syringe pump on one end and tubing that leads to the catheter on the other end.
?. [Urodynamics/Cystometry]
Fill bladder with saline and record pressure using pressure transducer connected to  LabViewFill to  ; Peak pressure is 4.5 cm H2OFill to  ; Peak pressure is 5.0 cm H2OFill to Fill to   ; Peak pressure is 10.7 cm H2OFill to   ; Peak pressure is 11 cm H2OFill to    ; Peak pressure is 20 cm H2O
19 mL
20 mL
30 mL
40 mL
42 mL
47.5 mL
?. [Urodynamics/Cystometry]
Empty BladderCat transitioned back to isoflurane
?. [Surgery]
See protocol titled "SPARC Cat surgery Day 0" for details on accessing and opening the bladder for device insertion.
?. [Surgery]
Place device in bladder,  suture the bladder closed with 4-5 stitches and add 25 ml of dilute contrast through the catheter.  Check for leaks and place bladder back into body.
?. [Surgery]
Take a picture with DYNA-CT and a 3D CT
?. [Surgery]
Remove stitches from bladder, remove device and suture the bladder and abdomen per protocol titled "SPARC Cat surgery Day 0"
?. [Urodynamics/cystometry 2]
Fill bladder with saline at 2ml/min
?. [Urodynamics/cystometry 2]
Fill to  ; pressure started to riseFill to  ; peak pressure 10 cm H2OFill to  ; peak pressure 10 cm H2O
4 mL
18 mL
20 mL
?. [Wake and return cat]
Wait for cat to wake up and return to housing site.