TITLE: Low-Dose Streptozotocin Induction Protocol (mouse)
AUTHORS: Frank Brosius

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Summary: </span></div><div class = "text-block"><span>This protocol is used by DiaComp members to induce diabetes in a number of the animal models developed by the consortium. STZ is toxic to the insulinproducing beta cells of the pancreas and used to induce a diabetes similar to a type I diabetic (</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574202000443" style = "text-decoration:underline;color:blue;cursor:pointer;"><span style = ":;">Reference</span></a><span>). Some reports suggest cellular toxicity outside of the pancreas. STZ also exhibits broad spectrum antibacterial properties and alters the gut microbiota. Please ensure that appropriate controls are included in all studies and complementary models considered (e.g. the </span><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Ins2</span><span style = "vertical-align:super;">Akita</span><span> mouse).</span></div><div class = "text-block"><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Diabetic Complications:</span></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhw44kcn.jpg" /></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhw54kcn.jpg" /></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhw64kcn.jpg" /></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhw74kcn.jpg" /></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhw84kcn.jpg" /></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhw94kcn.jpg" /></div><div style = "text-align :; float : ;"><img style = "" src = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bhxa4kcn.jpg" /></div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Prepare the buffers and solutions as described below. Please note that the STZNa-Citrate solution should be prepared immediately prior to injection so as to avoid degradation of the STZ.
?. Mice should be fasted prior to injection; four hours is usually sufficient.
?. Place one mouse in the Isoflurane drop jar, according to your local IACUC anesthesia standards.
?. Remove mouse when breathing has slowed and animal is anesthetized
?. Inject appropriate amount of the STZ solution IP so the final dosage is 50 mg/kg mouse
?. Allow mouse to awaken and place back in cage
?. Repeat procedure for each animal; keep in mind that Isoflurane will need to be reloaded after every third or fourth animal for proper anesthesia.
?. Each mouse should be given one injection for 5 days consecutively.
?. Supply mice with 10% sucrose water, if necessary, to avoid sudden hypoglycemia post-injection.
?. Mice should be tested for sufficient levels of hyperglycemia at 4 weeks postinjection. If any of the experimental animals are not sufficiently diabetic, the low dose STZ protocol should be re-administered to those mice only at week 7 post injection to obtain proper levels of hyperglycemia.