TITLE: Systematic literature review
AUTHORS: Carlos Reis, Aloísio Santos Nascimento Filho, Ingrid WinKler

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol aims to ensure the reproducibility of the systematic literature review carried out on state-of-the-art models for developing strategies for professional administrations, with emphasis on hospitals and schools. The method used was the adapted prism protocol, divided into 4 sections: identification, planning, evaluation and selection of papers.

[STEPS]
SECTION: State-of-the-art model features
1. To identify the characteristics of the models on the formulation of strategies for schools and hospitals, a systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out using only contemporary data from the last five years to verify the frontier of knowledge in relation to the theme. A bibliographic research, textual analysis and descriptive statistics were adopted for data collection and analysis, respectively. The SLR was divided into four steps, following the PRISMA 2020 statement. The proposed steps were described in the next sections.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
SECTION: 1 Scope
2. At this stage, based on the exploratory research of the classic literature on the subject presented in the theoretical foundation, two guiding questions (GQ) or research questions to be answered were established, in order to guide the systematic review of the literature that comprises the state of the art, in order to identify strategy models with the expected characteristics.
As for the strategy elaboration model, it is sought to identify in the systematic literature review the technique used (prescriptive or descriptive), if the model has a detail containing a series of steps or phases (at least two) that can contribute to its implementation, if it uses any category of contemporary and innovative tool in any of the phases, if it foresees the participation of more than one actor (person or group of interests) in its conception or implementation and, finally, if it is specific to the category of organization that is being proposed, or is it a model for the conception of strategy that can be used by any area.
As for the strategy itself, it will be verified whether it actually presents an implementation model, the concept of strategy being used, whether it emerged at the operational or strategic level, whether it contains alignment with strategic planning or some other similar instrument, and whether the focus of the strategy is aimed at institutional purposes or is linked to management activities.
Based on the established research variables, it is proposed:
• QN1: What are the characteristics of the strategy elaboration models aimed at organizations defined as schools or hospitals, are present in the state of the art in relation to the theme?
• QN2: which characteristics of the strategies used by schools or hospitals are present in the state of the art?
It is assumed that the proposed characteristics are identified in researched models that are part of the state of the art in relation to the theme. As schools and hospitals are contained within the same theoretical assumption of professional bureaucracy, the characteristics of the strategies in both were researched.
SECTION: 2 Planning
3. In the next step, the investigated scientific knowledge bases were defined, namely: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and Scielo. In the databases, works published from 2017 to 2021 were searched, which contained in the Title field the descriptors and search fragments as the main theme of the work. The search descriptors and fragments are listed below: (model OR method OR methodology OR process) AND (construction OR elaboration OR development OR formulation) AND (strategy OR strategic OR strategies OR plan OR planning) AND (“professional bureaucracy” OR “ professional organization” OR health OR education OR teaching OR college OR university OR hospital).
Initially, an attempt was made to search the title, abstract and keywords, but the number of identified articles that were not associated with the scope of the research was very large, which could lead to a loss of focus. Regarding the scope, although the thematic areas of health and education are not synonymous with professional bureaucracy, they are the main areas of activity of public health schools and, therefore, were used to expand the search results. The fragment “construction OR elaboration OR development OR formulation” was used in order to search in the bases researched, models that not only demonstrate how the strategies were implemented (descriptive models), but that can contribute to the elaboration of the strategy, or indicate a step -by-step for its formulation (prescriptive models). As strategy can often also be understood as a plan or strategic planning, these descriptors were used in the research.
SECTION: 3 Rating
4. In this phase, the documents identified in the previous step were selected, exclusion criteria (quantitative and qualitative) and inclusion were applied, in order to select the most relevant works. The exclusion (EC) and inclusion (IC) criteria are:
● EC1: exclude works that are not typified as articles;
● EC2: Exclude jobs other than English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages;
● EC3: exclude works with less than one citation;
● IC1: include works with less than one citation that were published in 2021.
SECTION: 4 Summary
5. Finally, in the fourth stage of the SLR, the studies resulting from the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be read and analyzed in depth, seeking to understand the relationships between the presented results and identify patterns, divergences and research opportunities to answer the two proposed guiding questions .
The summary of the selected works will be presented in the form of a table.