eamag/protocols-with-steps huggingface dataset:
TITLE: U Mass - Cholesterol (HDL)
AUTHORS: Jason Kim

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Summary:</span></div><div class = "text-block">This experiment involves a spectrophotometric measurement using Roche Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol reflect cholesterol metabolism and are associated with cardiovascular disease.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Perform daily quality control assessment of instrumentation before analysis.
?. Load each sample into a specialized micro-sample cup for the clinical chemistry analyzer.
?. Select Cholesterol (HDL) test on display and run the analysis.
?. Collect and analyze the data.
TITLE: No Title
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
<p>Simple and rapid vacuole staining protocol for Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Note that RatioWorks<sup>TM</sup> PDMPO and LysoSensor<sup>TM</sup> Yellow/Blue DND-160 are the same thing and can thus be used interchangeably. RatioWorks<sup>TM</sup> PDMPO  was used in this protocol. </p>

[GUIDELINES]
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>

[STEPS]
?. 
?. 
?. 
?. 
?. 
?.
TITLE: Test protocol II
AUTHORS: Abby   Moore

[DESCRIPTION]
The purpose of this protocol is to demo the NMRFAM template in protocols.io

The scope of this protocol applies to the NAN Knowledgebase groups.


Here's a protocol:
 


[BEFORE_START]
Type pertinent info about what the user should know before starting the protocol. Refer to protocols as seen below:
 


[GUIDELINES]
Responsibilities....

[STEPS]
1. Use 80:20 MeOH:H2O for this step. This is not easy to access by machine.
2. If you haven't already, make a solution with the following components:

80 % volume   
20 % volume   

3. If you haven't already, make a solution with the following components:

80 % volume   
20 % volume   

4. Use this piece of equipment:

 


5.
TITLE: Toxoplasmosis and mental disorders in the Russian Federation
AUTHORS: Ekaterina V. Stepanova, Anatoly V. Kondrashin, Vladimir P. Sergiev, Lola F. Morozova, Natalia A. Turbabina, Maria S. Maksimova, Dmitry V. Romanov, Marina A. Kinkulkina, Alena V. Lazareva (Lukianova), Evgeny Morozov

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span>The association of chronic toxoplasmosis with mental disorders in general and with schizophrenia in particular was noticed in the mid-1950s. In subsequent years, the role of </span><span style = "font-style:italic;">Toxoplasma gondii</span><span> was established based on its ability to survive for long periods of time in the nerve cells of the brain. As a consequence, acute manifestations of the infection lead to psychopathic symptoms similar to schizophrenia and hallucinations. In the former USSR, and in other parts of the world, a number of studies were performed with respect to the association of latent toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia. However, with the dissolution of the USSR at the beginning of the 1990s, studies on the subject were halted due to financial problems and have resumed only recently. The reasons for the resumption of such studies in contemporary Russia are related to the progressively increasing incidence of schizophrenia over the last 25-30 years in the country. According to official data, approximately 550 000 persons reported suffering from the disease in 2014. There are reasons to believe that this is only a fraction of the real burden of the disease. Economically, it cost the state no less than approximately US $10 billion.</span></div><div class = "text-block">The purpose of the study was to identify the level of toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in patients with verified diagnoses of schizophrenia in comparison to healthy people in Moscow City and in the Moscow region. A total of 155 persons constituted the experimental group and 152 healthy people were in the control group. An integrated approach to the diagnosis and comparison of data from the entire spectrum of serological markers of infection was used, including the detection of specific IgM and the determination of IgG concentrations and the IgG avidity index. It was found that among persons with neuropsychiatric disorders, the incidence of cases with chronic toxoplasmosis was higher than in the control group. The effect of toxoplasmosis was significant and similar for men and women. Further statistical analyses revealed that among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the incidence of chronic toxoplasmosis was significantly higher than in the control group. These data are in agreement with the results of similar studies in other countries.</div></div>

[STEPS]
TITLE: Splitting Adherent Cell Lines
AUTHORS: Carolina Lopez

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol describes how to split and maintain adherent cell lines in culture. Examples of these cells are: A549 cells, LLCMK2 cells, and MDCK cells.

[STEPS]
SECTION: Protocol
1. Splitting Adherent cells
Wash flask 2x with sterile PBS.
Add 2mL of trypsin/T75. Incubate at 37 oC for 2-3 mins or until cells are detached from the flask.
Add 8mL of cell culture media and pipette up and down. Transfer all the media to a 15mL tube. 
Centrifuge at 1200 rpm for 5 min. 
Add 2ml of cell suspension to T75 flask, then add 10ml Tissue Culture Medium. The cell will be ready for next split two days later.
TITLE: Protein-A_Protein-LA Sandwich ELISA
AUTHORS: Angel  Justiz-Vaillant

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">This ELISA was used to study the interactions between Staphylococcal protein-A (SpA) and protein-LA (SpLA)with different immunoglobulin preparations of mammalian and avian species.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. The plate was then treated with bovine serum albumin solution and washed 4X with PBS-Tween. 50 µl of immunoglobulins (1 mg/ml) is added and incubated for 1h at room temperature, and the microplate is rewashed 4X with PBS-Tween.
?. This ELISA was used to study the interactions between Staphylococcal protein-A (SpA) and protein-LA (SpLA)with different immunoglobulin preparations of mammalian and avian species. The 96 well microtiter plate was coated overnight at 4°C with 2 µg/µl per well of SpA in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6.
?. Then, 50 µL of peroxidase-labeled SpLA conjugate diluted 1:5000 in PBS-non-fat milk was added to each well and incubated for 1h at RT. The plate was washed 4X with PBS-Tween.
?. Then, 50 µL of o-phenylenediamine solution (4 mg/mL) was added, and the plate was incubated for 15 min at RT in the dark. The reaction was stopped with 50 µL of a 3M H2SO4 solution.
?. The plate was visually assessed for color development and read on a microplate reader at 492 nm. The cut-off value was set to 0.32.
TITLE: RCA of Gotcha
AUTHORS: Chia-Hsien  Shih

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol is to test that GotCha is functional and can works as designed.

[STEPS]
SECTION: Preparation
1. Add 5 µL of GotCha(functional beads) into eppendorf

SECTION: Preparation
2. Centrifuge for 15000 rpm, 5 min and remove supernatant. Make sure that eppendorf should put on DynaMag when removing supernatant.

SECTION: Protocol
3. Add 3 µL of 10X phi29 polymerase reaction buffer into eppendorf with GotCha

SECTION: Protocol
4. Add 20.4 µL RNase-free water

SECTION: Protocol
5. Add 3 µL of 100nM miRNA

SECTION: Protocol
6. Add 3 µL of 2mM dNTPs

SECTION: Protocol
7. Add 0.6 µL of 10U/ul phi29 polymerase

SECTION: Protocol
8. Pipetting to mix well
SECTION: Protocol
9. Incubate for 120 min at 31 Room temperature

SECTION: Protocol
10. Add 1.5 µL of 20X evagreen dye 

SECTION: Protocol
11. Add 1.5 µL of 0.5M EDTA buffer to suspend the reaction

SECTION: Measuring
12. Load 20 µL of reaction solution into 384-well plate

SECTION: Measuring
13. Measure the fluorescence excitation and emission intensity
TITLE: UC Davis - ELISA Protocol
AUTHORS: Peter Havel

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span style = "font-weight:bold;">Summary: </span></div><div class = "text-block">The ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) is an assay method used for the quantification of various proteins. A plate is coated with a capture antibody specific to the analyte of interest. Standards and samples are pipetted into the plate. After an incubation period the wells are washed and any unbound analyte is removed. An enzyme-linked antibody that is specific to the analyte of interest is added to the wells. After an incubation period the wells are washed and any unbound antibody is removed. The analyte of interest is now sandwiched between the capture antibody and the enzyme-linked antibody. A substrate (normally 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine) is added which reacts with the enzyme (normally horseradish peroxidase) conjugated to the secondary antibody. A blue color develops in proportion to the amount of analyte sandwiched between the two antibodies. After an incubation period the reaction is stopped with the addition of an acid which turns the blue color to yellow. The intensity of the color development is measured using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance readings and known concentrations of the standards are used to generate a standard curve, and the absorbance readings of the samples are used to interpolate quantitative concentrations for the analyte of interest from the standard curve.</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Follow kit instructions for volumes and incubation times. Pipet standards and samples. Incubate.
?. Follow kit instructions for volumes and incubation times. Wash plate. Add secondary antibody. Incubate.
?. Follow kit instructions for volumes and incubation times. Wash plate. Add substrate. Incubate.
?. Follow kit instructions for volumes and incubation times. Add acid.
?. Read absorbances using a spectrophotometer. Calculate standard curve and unknown values.
?. Follow kit instructions for preparing standards and all reagents.
TITLE: Twist2 Fresh Frozen
AUTHORS: Griffen Wakelin

[DESCRIPTION]
Immunofluorescence protocol for Twist2 staining of fresh frozen mouse tissue.

[STEPS]
SECTION: Stain
1. Thaw slides, dry for 30 mins. Pap and label.
SECTION: Stain
2. Post-fix with ice-cold PFA 4 % (v/v) 5 min

SECTION: Stain
3. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 

SECTION: Stain
4. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
5. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
6. Permeabilize with Triton X-100 0.2 % (v/v) 10 min 
SECTION: Stain
7. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min
SECTION: Stain
8. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min
SECTION: Stain
9. Block with 5% BSA 60 min Room temperature 

SECTION: Stain
10. Wash with 1X PBS 3 min 

SECTION: Stain
11. Wash with 1X PBS 3 min 
SECTION: Stain
12. Incubate primary    1:500 in 1% BSA   4 °C 

SECTION: Stain
13. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 

SECTION: Stain
14. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
15. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
16. Incubate secondary   1:1000 and DAPI 1:1000 in 1% BSA.
SECTION: Stain
17. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
18. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
19. Wash with 1X PBS 5 min 
SECTION: Stain
20. Mount with aqueous mounting media. Image within 2 days.
TITLE: Protein purification
AUTHORS: Yuichiroh  Ikagawa

[DESCRIPTION]
The extraction method is based on the paper by Janice S. Chen et al. The cultured E. coli is collected by centrifugation and then disrupted by sonication. The extracted solution is purified by affinity chromatography using a Ni-NTA column with an x10 His tag attached to Cas12a. Clontech's His60 Ni Gravity Column Purification Kit is used for purification, and the experimental method is based on the kit protocol.

[STEPS]
SECTION: protein purification
8. 
 Fully suspend the matrix before opening the column.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
11. Attach the bottom stopper.
SECTION: protein purification
12. Add cell extraction sample to the column.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
15. Install the column in a vertical position and let the resin settle at the bottom of the column. 4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
16. Carefully remove the top stopper.
SECTION: protein purification
17.  Remove the bottom stopper and collect 1 ml fraction each into 1.5 ml tubes.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
18. Add 1 ml Equilibration buffer to the column 10 times.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
20. Add Elution Buffer to the column and collect 1 ml fractions.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
21. Measure the absorbance 280 nm of the fractions by nanodrop.
SECTION: protein purification
24. Attach the bottom stopper. 
SECTION: protein purification
22. Added 1 ml  Equilibration Buffer to the column 20 times. 4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
23.  Wash the column with 1 ml of water 5 times4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
10. Add 1ml of Equilibration buffer to the His60 Ni gravity column 10 times. 4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
9. Carefully remove the bottom stopper.
SECTION: protein purification
13. Carefully connect the top stopper to the top of the column. 
SECTION: protein purification
14. Slowly Inverting the column for 1 hour.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
19. Add 1 ml Wash Buffer to the column 10 times.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
25. Add 20% ethanol to the column for storage.4 °C 

SECTION: protein purification
26. Attach top stopper and storage.4 °C 



SECTION: extraction
1. Transfer 50 ml of culture medium to a 50 ml tube.
SECTION: extraction
2. Collect the pellet by centrifugation at 5,000 g for 5 minutes4 °C 

SECTION: extraction
3. Resuspend the pellet with 2 ml PBS.
SECTION: extraction
4. Dispense the culture medium into 1.5 ml tubes.
SECTION: extraction
5. Centrifuge at 15,000 g for 30 minutes.
SECTION: extraction
6. Resuspend 500 μl Lysis buffer.
SECTION: extraction
7. Disrupt the cell by sonication (x10 sonication: 10 seconds/incubation: 10 seconds) on ice.
TITLE: CAMbank: cfDNA BCT Field Processing v1
AUTHORS: Eliah G Overbey, Krista A Ryon, jak, chm2042

[DESCRIPTION]
Field processing of cfDNA BCTs for the Cornell Aerospace Medicine Biobank (CAMbank).

Instructions for preserving: plasma and RBC Pellets.

[STEPS]
SECTION: Perform Venipuncture
1. After venipuncture, invert the tubes gently 8 to 10 times to fully mix tube anticoagulant with blood sample.

Store the tube upright at room temperature until centrifugation.
SECTION: Centrifuge Settings: Plasma Separation
2. Note: A swing bucket centrifuge is required. 

Set centrifuge:
acceleration: 9
deceleration: 9
temperature: RT
duration: 20 minutes
speed: 300xg
SECTION: Centrifuge Settings: Plasma Separation
3. Place the cfDNA BCTs in the centrifuge. 
Place a protective cover over the swing buckets in case of tube leakage. 
Start the centrifuge. 
Stand by the centrifuge until the centrifuge reaches max speed. Listen for signs of imbalance or compromised tube integrity. 
SECTION: Separate Plasma
4. Carefully remove cfDNA BCTs from the centrifuge and inspect for separation of red blood vs plasma layers. 

Transfer cfDNA BCTs to a sanitized laminar flow hood. 
SECTION: Separate Plasma
5. Remove the upper plasma layer and transfer to a new 15mL conical tube. 
Cap the conical tubes and return to the centrifuge. 
SECTION: Aliquot Plasma
9. Carefully remove conical tubes from centrifuge. 
Transfer conical tubes to a sanitized laminar flow hood. 
SECTION: Aliquot Plasma
10. Using a P1000, carefully aliquot plasma into 2D barcoded tubes at 500µL each. 

Return 2D tubes with plasma to the rack and place in the -80C freezer.
SECTION: Centrifuge Settings: Plasma Purification
6. Note: A swing bucket centrifuge is required. 

Set centrifuge:
acceleration: 9
deceleration: 9
temperature: RT
duration: 10 minutes
speed: 5000xg
SECTION: Centrifuge Settings: Plasma Purification
7. Place the conical tubes in the centrifuge. 
Place a protective cover over the swing buckets in case of tube leakage. 
Start the centrifuge. 
Stand by the centrifuge until the centrifuge reaches max speed. Listen for signs of imbalance or compromised tube integrity. 
SECTION: Freeze Red Blood Cell Pellets
8. Recap and freeze the cfDNA tubes to preserve DNA in the red blood cell pellet
TITLE: 1.1.1. Membrane protein separation
AUTHORS: Elizabeth Fozo

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">Separation of membrane and cytoplasmic protein</div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [Separation of membrane and cytoplasmic protein]
Using micro-centrifuge in the labSpin 17,000 g for 30 minutesTransfer supernatant (Cytoplasmic fraction), wash the pellet with cold PBS and resuspend in 100ul of PBS (membrane fraction)
?. [Separation of membrane and cytoplasmic protein]
Use Ultracentrifuge (100,000 g, 4oC)- Talk to *Barry Bruce Lab 226 Hesler Biology Building
?. [Separation of membrane and cytoplasmic protein]
The separate inner and outer membrane(subcellular fractionation)Ultracentrifuge (100,000 g, 4oC, 45 minutes)- Talk to*Barry Bruce Lab 226 Hesler Biology BuildingTransfer supernatant (cytoplasmic fraction), wash pellet with cold PBSResuspend the pellet in 200ul of 0.2% sodium sarcosinate. Mix properly.Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutesCentrifuge at 100,000 g, 4oC, 15 minutes), transfer supernatant (inner membrane protein), wash pellet with cold PBS, and resuspend in 100 ul of PBS.
?. [If necessary perform acetone precipitation of the protein following protocol.]
*Barry Brucelab:Set up the time for ultracentrifugation (use the signup sheet next to the ultracentrifuge).Use table top OptimaTM Max Ultracentrifuge (35,000 RPM = ~104000g), Beckman Coulter with 55 TLA rotorHave your samples balancedTurn the power ON. Press DOOR to unlock the chamber door; slid the door openGet the rotor 55 TLA from 4oC, load your samples and install the rotorClose the door chamber (light on DOOR should go away), press SPEED and enter 35000, press TIME, and enter your run time, press ENTER and START.After the run is complete, press DOOR to unlock the chamber door. Take out your samples. Clean the rotor if necessary and place it back at 4oC. Slid the door close and turn off the machine.
TITLE: No Title
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol is from:<br /><br />Hare EE, Peterson BK, Iyer VN, Meier R, Eisen MB (2008) Sepsid <em>even-skipped</em> Enhancers Are Functionally Conserved in <em>Drosophila</em> Despite Lack of Sequence Conservation. PLoS Genet 4(6): e1000106. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000106<br /><br />Please see the <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000106" target="_blank">full manuscript</a> for additional details.<br /><img id="s-mce-img" class="s-mce-img" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bymcz36.jpg" alt="" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/bykcz36.jpg" data-ofn="477259849_8419e8541e_o.jpg" /><br /><br />(Image: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/treehouse1977/477259849/in/photolist-Jb5J6-afRCZ5-afRHcq-6f3F9-9jZEXF-3bCDfL-uZk4T6-gX8fnN-cGGPhC-9bMbvu-2BM4Fi-4qpUaV-9ovN38-cc5e6N-9S6JUk-cc5ec7-4uQvcw-4u6Bc8-554yj7-4BkKAo-4uDj1J-4u6BFv-r8Y1Mg-6nZi2a-DKC3U-B8AiZY-Bq9Wj3-c2s3JN-6ngVs6-xGXj2-4nwbpc-92ZtDL-4apsEZ-f5sqvQ-Bj5EHN-AwevRD-cdcyto-ACj2ZR-ACcG89-5Hj986-nfw3ZC-ijwCLA-4vM6aK-tZ21N-4brXdh-iqCY2v-vPWN3v-4e1t82-4vnBfh-CdHBb" target="_blank">calf</a>, Jim Champion, CC BY-SA)

[GUIDELINES]
"Based on our experience, we believe that more extensive embryological and molecular work with sepsids is very feasible, although some may find the need to provide the colonies with fresh cow dung objectionable."<br /><br /><br />

[STEPS]
?. 
?. 
?. 
?. 
?.
TITLE: Preferential Lysis of S. rosetta for Total RNA (VERSION 2)
AUTHORS: David Booth

[DESCRIPTION]
Sterol-based detergents, like digitonin more effectively disrupt membranes with sterols, like those of eukaryotes. This protocol leverages the different membrane compositions of eukaryotes and bacteria to preferentially lyses the eukaryotic membranes of the choanoflagellate species, S. rosetta, from a co-culture with bacteria. The lysis buffer includes RNase inhibitors to preserve RNAs for RNA purification or cDNA synthesis, and the included protease inhibitors make this protocol suitable for protein extractions for western blots.

[STEPS]
SECTION: Prepare Lysis Buffer
1. Combine the following components for the lysis buffer:

 

SECTION: Count Cells
2. Determine the total number of cells in the culture that will be harvested using a hemocytometer.
SECTION: Count Cells
2.1. Fix 200 µl of cells with 2 µl of 37% formaldeyde and vortex well.
SECTION: Count Cells
2.2. Pipet up and down to homogenize cells, and pipet 12 µl of cells into the chamber of a hemocytometer.
SECTION: Count Cells
2.3. Count the number of cells ( ) in the four corner quandrants of a Neubauer, bright-line hemocytometer.

SECTION: Count Cells
2.4. Calculate the cell concentration ( cells/ml) according to this equation:
     cells/ml

SECTION: Count Cells
2.5. Determine the volume of the culture ( ) and then calculate the total number of cells in the culture ( ) according to this equation:
      cells

SECTION: Count Cells
2.6. Calculate the volume of lysis buffer (  µl) to add to the cells for lysis:
  µl


SECTION: Harvest Cells
3. Harvest cells of S. rosetta.

SECTION: Harvest Cells
3.1. Centrifuge the cells in 50 ml conical tubes at 2400 x g, 5 min, 4 °C 
SECTION: Harvest Cells
3.2. Gently remove supernatant with a serological pipette, leaving a small amount of liquid of the pellet.
SECTION: Harvest Cells
3.3. Gently remove the remaining supernatant with a fine-tip transfer pipet.
SECTION: Lyse Cells
4. Lyse cells in preferential lysis buffer.
SECTION: Lyse Cells
4.1. Resuspend the cell pellet ( ) in the calculated volume of   (  ).

SECTION: Lyse Cells
4.2. Pipet the cells gently up and down and then incubate on ice for 10 min .

SECTION: Lyse Cells
4.3. Homogenize the lysate by passing 5 times through a 30G needle attached to a luer lock syringe.
SECTION: Lyse Cells
4.4. Clarify the lysate by centrifugation 6000 x g, 10 min, 4 °C 

SECTION: Lyse Cells
4.5. Separate the S. rosetta lysate from the bacterial pellet by using a gel-loading tip to gently transfer the supernatant into a new tube. Pay attention not to disturb the pellet.
SECTION: Storage
5. Flash freeze lysate in liquid nitrogen and store at -80°C for long term storage.
TITLE: Tissue culture of HeLa cells
AUTHORS: Dan Tudorica

[DESCRIPTION]
Growth in DMEM supplemented with FBS and antibiotics

[STEPS]
1. Medium: To maintain HeLa cells, grow in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1x Pen-strep. Grow in a sterile incubator at 37 C and 5% CO2. Cells double roughly every 24 H. Grow on standard tissue culture-treated plasticware 
2. Splitting instructions: Split 1:4 on Mondays and Wednesday, and 1:8 on Fridays. Split no more than 1:8.
TITLE: Microstructures morphology - Ophiuroidea
AUTHORS: Renata Alitto, Michela Borges, Helena Serrano, Letícia de Oliveira Dias

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">Study of the microstructure morphology, particularly arm ossicles of ophiuroids. </div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [Choose]
Choose the best-preserved specimens.
?. [Extract a piece of arm]
Extract from a small part of the proximal arm, between the fifth and the tenth segment.
?. [Household bleach]
Immerse the arm segment in regular household bleach (NaClO) until the soft tissues be removed.
?. [Prepare the stub to observe on Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM)]
The ossicles have to be washed with distilled water, air-dried, and prepared for examination with a SEM model JEOL JSM5800LV
TITLE: A Review of Hypotoxic Fluorescent Nanoparticles Delivery by Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Multiple Organisms
AUTHORS: Cathy Miller

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span>With the advance of science and technology, nanomaterials have been seen in various biomedical applications, including molecular labeling and tracking, DNA/RNA/proteins probing, drug delivery and therapies via techniques of </span><a style = "text-decoration:underline;color:blue;cursor:pointer;"><span style = ":;">bioconjugation</span></a><span>, tumor or tissue targeting, peptide drug discovery, pathogenic intervention as well as biomedical imaging.</span></div></div>

[STEPS]