eamag/protocols-with-steps huggingface dataset:
TITLE: Coating Slides with Gelatin
AUTHORS: Allen Institute for Brain Science

[DESCRIPTION]
The protocol describes how 1x3 glass microscope slides are coated with gelatin to improve adherence of fixed adult mouse brain sections or other tissue to slides.

Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

[STEPS]
TITLE: Preparation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated Peptostreptococcal protein-L  by the periodate method.
AUTHORS: Angel  Justiz-Vaillant

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">This reagent can be used in ELISA, Western blotting and Dot blot to detect antigens and antibodies. It is important in the immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases and other problems. Protein L binds to kappa light chains of immunoglobulins from many animal species including human, mouse, rat, chicken, hamster and pig [1].</div><div class = "text-block"><span>1. Justiz-Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF. Comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species.</span><span style = "font-style:italic;">West Indian Med J</span><span>. 2013;62(1):12-20.</span></div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Horseradish peroxidase (500 µg in 50 µl NaCO3 , pH 9.6) is mixed with freshly made sodium periodate solution (1.71 mg/ml) followed by incubation in the dark for 2 h.
?. Mix 500 µg of protein-L (SpL) with an equal amount (500 micrograms) of a mix of horseradish peroxidase-sodium periodate.
?. The mixture is incubated for 3 hours at 4°C with gentle agitation.
?. Forty µl of freshly prepared NaBH4 solution (5 mg NaBH4 /ml 0.1 mM NaOH) is then added to the preparation.
?. The preparation is incubated for 90 min at 4°C in the dark with gentle agitation.
?. Cold 50% saturated ammonium sulphate solution (pH 7.4) is added drop by drop in the ratio 1:1 (v/v).
?. The mixture is then centrifuged for 25 min at 4°C and recover the pellet at the bottom of the tube.
?. The pellets is re-suspended in 200 µl of PBS pH=7.4 and dialysed against 1L of PBS for 24 h with 3 buffer changes.
?. An equal volume of glycerol is added to the dialysate followed by 100 µl of bovine serum albumin, BSA (20 mg/ ml).
?. The conjugate is then stored at -20°C until further used.
TITLE: BASIC PROTOCOL 3: Population Single Nucleotide Variant Calling
AUTHORS: miriam.goldman  , chunyu.zhao  

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol describes the SNV module of MIDAS2, which takes as input metagenomic sequencing reads from a set of samples and generates files with SNV genotypes for each sample for all detected species. The SNV module has two steps: (1) single-sample allele tallying with the midas2 run_snps command and (2) population SNV calling with the midas2 merge_snps command. Basic Protocols 1 (Species) and 2 (MIDASDB) should be run before this protocol.

[STEPS]
1. Perform species prescreening as described in Basic Protocol 1.
 

2. Download MIDASDB as described in Basic Protocol 2.
 

3. Execute the run_snps command for each sample. 
 

 

 

4. Prepare sample manifest file for merging pileup results across samples. We can use the same file list_of_samples.tsv generated by step 6 in Basic Protocol 1.
 

5. Upon the completion of run_snps for all the samples in the file list_of_samples.tsv, MIDAS2 compute the population SNVs with the merge_snps command.
 

 

 

6. Population SNV analysis has finished successfully when all the following output files are created under the directory midas2_output/merge/snps/ without any error message.
TITLE: OG1RF lipid extraction protocol
AUTHORS: Elizabeth Fozo

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span style = ":UNDERLINE;">Lipid Extraction for </span><span style = ":UNDERLINE;font-style:italic;">E. faecalis</span><span style = ":UNDERLINE;"> OG1RF</span></div></div>

[STEPS]
?. [Steps]
Inoculate 50mL of BHI at O.D. of 0.01 from overnight culture.  Spike supplement at OD600 0.25. Incubate for 30 minutes and harvest cells.  Spin at 2,739 G for 10 minutes.
?. [Steps]
Wash twice in 25mL 1X PBS.  Spin for 5 minutes at 3,000 rpm.
?. [Steps]
Re-suspend pellets in 1mL of PBS
?. [Steps]
Add 100uL of stock lysozyme (100mg/mL – stock made in water) pre-warmed to 37oC.  Incubate cells for 20 minutes at 37oC in 50 mL conical.Meanwhile, add 0.5g glass beads to the screw cap microcentrifuge tube.
?. [Steps]
Add the lysozyme treated cells to screw cap microcentrifuge tube containing 0.5g of glass beads (
?. [Steps]
Transfer mixture to 15 mL conical tube (vortex the bead beating tube then pour contents into 15mL conical).  Add 1.5mL methanol and 3mL chloroform.   (You can add this to the tubes ahead of time.)
?. [Steps]
Then, gently vortex mixture.  Centrifuge for 5 minutes.There will be two layers, separated by a white interface, and glass beads at the bottom of the tube.
?. [Steps]
Using a glass Pasteur pipet – transfer the liquid above the white interface and the liquid below the white interface (leaving behind the beads at the bottom and as much of the interface as possible) to a new 15mL conical.
?. [Steps]
Add 1.5mL of 0.9% NaCl to the new 15mL conical.
?. [Steps]
Gently vortex mixture and centrifuge for 5 minutes.
?. [Steps]
Remove the top layer.  Pour interface and bottom layer to glass screw lid tube.
?. [Steps]
Store at -20 until delivery to Mass Spec facility.
TITLE: Plant Infiltration for Mimulus in Planta Transformation
AUTHORS: Yaowu Yuan

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block"><span>This protocol is part of a </span><a style = "text-decoration:underline;color:blue;cursor:pointer;"><span style = ":;">collection for </span><span style = ":;font-style:italic;">Mimulus in planta</span><span style = ":;"> transformation</span></a><span>. </span></div></div>

[STEPS]
?. Trim off mature buds from the plants.
?. Gently peel back the leaves around the young buds.
?. Spray the young buds 2-3 times with the Agro (spray right before they will be put in the vacuum).
?. Vacuum infiltrate 1-2 plants at a time. pull a vacuum until 29 inches Hg, seal the vacuum andturn off the pump, wait 2 minutes, then release the vacuum.
?. Mark the plant with a colored sword.
?. Cover the plants with plastic tent overnight.
?. Take off plastic and put in tomato cage.
?. Pollinate for 2 weeks.
?. Collect the seeds.
?. Plant in flats using a salt shaker, about 15-20 seed capsules per flat.
?. When the seeds start to germinate, begin spraying with 1:1000 Basta.
?. Continue spraying with Basta every other day.
?. Pull a vacuum until 29 inches Hg.
?. Seal the vacuum and turn off the pump.
?. Wait , then release the vacuum.
?. Transplant the healthy looking, resistant plants.
TITLE: Total ATP Level Determination
AUTHORS: mitsjoecohen  

[DESCRIPTION]
Measuring the total ATP level of cells can provide important information about cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and apoptosis.Creative Biogene introduces the Seahorse XF real-time ATP rate determination platform, which can simultaneously measure the ATP production rates of two key energy metabolic pathways (glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration) in living cells using label-free technology.

This method allows the oxygen consumption rate of aerobic respiration (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of glycolysis to be detected. The validated calculation is used to convert it into mitochondrial respiratory ATP, glycolysis ATP, and total ATP production rate.

[STEPS]
TITLE: No Title
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
<p>The Sisbiota-mar photoquadrat survey aims to quantify the benthic cover of horizontal reef surfaces using photography and subsequent image analysis, in a manner that is directly comparable across geographies. Our survey method employs 2m<sup>2</sup> horizontal surfaces of reef area at 1-7 meters (shallow) and 8-15 meters (deep). At each locality, between one and five reef sites were assessed (but most of them had at least three sampled sites). The 2m<sup>2</sup> horizontal surfaces of reef area were at least 2 meters apart and haphazardly selected (avoiding sand patches). On each 2m<sup>2</sup> reef area, the benthic community was assessed by a set of five 25x25 cm photoquadrats.</p>

[STEPS]
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?.
TITLE: PCR cleanup and size selection with magnetic beads
AUTHORS: Dominik Buchner

[DESCRIPTION]
This protocol describes how to clean up PCR products or DNA extracts and perform a size selection with carboxylated-magnetic beads and a PEG-NaCl buffer. It can also be used for volume reduction of a sample or for buffer exchange.



[BEFORE_START]
Make sure all buffers are prepared before starting.
For easier pipetting let the bead-solution adjust to Room temperature 

 



[GUIDELINES]
Follow general lab etiquette. Wear gloves to prevent contaminating the samples. Clean the workspace before starting with 80% EtOH. 

Ratio Guide:
To get an estimate the performance of different ratios the protocol was tested using a DNA Ladder  . The eluate was then measured using a Fragment Analyzer with the High Sensitivity Kit.

Input DNA:
  
Ratio 1.8:
  
Ratio 1:
 
Ratio 0.9:
   
Ratio 0.85:
  
Ratio 0.8:
  
Ratio 0.75:
  
Ratio 0.7:
  
Ratio 0.65:
  
Ratio 0.6:
  
Ratio 0.55:
  



[STEPS]
1. Shake the cleanup solution until the beads are homogeneously resuspended

 

2. Add 30 µL  and 32 µL to a 250 µL U-bottom assay plate

 

3. Add 10 µL of sample.

 

4.  
To bind the DNA to the beads shake at   

 


5. Place the plate on a magnet to pellet the beads for 2 min 

 

6. Discard the supernatant by pipetting
7. With the plate still on the magnet, add 100 µL to each sample

8. Incubate for at least 30 s 

9. Discard the supernatant by pipetting
10.   

11. With the plate still on the magnet, incubate the plate for  5 min at50 Room temperature to dry off residuals of wash buffer

12. Add 40 µL to each sample

13.   

14. Place the plate on a magnet to pellet the beads for 2 min 
15. Transfer 30 µL of the DNA to a new PCR plate. Store at -20 °C
TITLE: No Title
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
<p>This staining was performed to detect fetuin-A in activated microglia. CD68 is a marker, that stains activated microglia, macrophages and monocytes. Fetuin-A and microglia were detected in paraffin sections (1 μm thickness) of formalin-fixed human brain tissue. CD68 was stained using a monoclonal mouse-anti-human antibody (Dako Cat# M0814, RRID:AB_2314148, clone KP1, dilution 1:50) and a polyclonal goat-anti-mouse Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugated secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A-11029, RRID:AB_2534088, dilution 1:300). Fetuin-A was detected by using a monoclonal IgG2a mouse-anti-human antibody (clone MAHS-1, dilution 1.0 µg/mL), raised against purified human fetuin-A in our laboratories. Antibody binding was detected by tyramide signal amplification using a secondary biotinylated polyclonal goat-anti-mouse antibody (Dako Cat# E0433, RRID:AB_2687905, dilution 1:300) and a Tyramide Signal Amplification Kit (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, USA, T-20933). To minimize lipofuscin autofluorescence, sections were counterstained with Sudan Black (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany, 199664, dilution 0.3% in 70% ethanol, 5 minutes). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany D9542, dilution 0.25 µg/ml, 5 minutes). Sections were mounted with Immumount (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, USA, 9990402) and stored at 8°C in the dark. </p>

[BEFORE_START]
<p>Prepare the following components of the Tyramide Signal Amplification Kit according to the manufacturers protocol:</p>
<ol>
<li>Prepare tyramide stock solution by dissolving Component A in 150 μL of Component B (DMSO). (Store unused portions of this stock solution in small aliquots at ≤–20°C, protected from light).</li>
<li>Prepare a 1% (10 mg/mL) solution of Component D (BSA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).</li>
<li>Prepare the horse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate stock solution by reconstituting Component C in 200 µl PBS. (This solution may be stored at 2–8°C for up to 3 months).</li>
<li>Prepare amplification buffer/0.0015% H2O2 by adding 30% hydrogen peroxide (Component F) to amplification buffer (Component E) to obtain a final concentration of 0.0015% H2O2. For example, add 1 μL of 30% H2O2 to 200 μL of amplification buffer and then add 1 μL of this intermediate dilution (0.15% H2O2) to a further 100 μL of amplification buffer.</li>
</ol>

[GUIDELINES]
<ul>
<li>use with Tyramide Signal Amplification Kit (life technologies, T-20933)</li>
<li>for this type of tissue fluorescence staining of fetuin-A was only possible by using tyramide signal amplification. Thus co-staining was possible using two mouse-anti-human antibodies one after the other</li>
</ul>

[STEPS]
SECTION: Clear slides
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SECTION: Antigen retrieval
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SECTION: Immunostaining
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SECTION: See Guidelines
?.
TITLE: ELISA  IL-10
AUTHORS: Tamiris Silva

[DESCRIPTION]
<div class = "text-blocks"><div class = "text-block">To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on IL-10 expression in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, a clinical trial was performed. Participants were randomized and then collected 10 mL of peripheral blood. IL-10 was analyzed by BioLegend ELISA Standard MAX ™ kit. This is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A human IL-10 specific mouse monoclonal antibody is first coated in a 96-well plate. Standards and samples are added to the wells and IL-10 binds to the immobilized capture antibody. Then, a biotinylated mouse monoclonal IL-10 detection monoclonal antibody is added, producing an "antibody-antigen-antibody sandwich". Horseradish perididase avidin is then added, followed by TMB Substrate Solution, producing a blue color in proportion to the concentration of IL-10 present in the sample. Finally, the Stop Solution alters the reaction color from blue to yellow, and the microwell absorbance is read at 450 nm with a microplate reader.</div></div>

[STEPS]
TITLE: No Title
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
<p>Protocolo para preparação de pequenos artrópodes de cutícula pouco esclerotizada quando não há disponibilidade de secador de ponto crítico. Adaptado de:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.phorid.net/hmds.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Brown, B.V. 1993.</a> A further chemical alternative to critical- point-drying for preparing small (or large) flies. Fly Times 11: 10. </p>
<p><a href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2727752#page/395/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Heraty, J. &amp; D. Hawks. 1998.</a> Hexamethyldisilazane - a chemical alternative for drying insects. Entomological News 109(5): 369-374.</p>
<p><a href="https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-abstract/91/5/693/24454?redirectedFrom=PDF" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rumph, J. A. &amp; W. J. Turner. 1998.</a> Alternative to Critical Point Drying for Soft-Bodied Insect Larvae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91(5): 693–699.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>

[STEPS]
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TITLE: Counting kidneys
AUTHORS: Gabriel J  Barrero, Abraham  Palmer, Oksana  Polesskaya

[DESCRIPTION]
Dissecting and counting kidneys in rats.

[STEPS]
1. Rats are euthanized as per IACUC guidelines
Spray fur with ethanol. Pick up skin above the sternum, and make a cut through skin and muscle layers.
Don’t cut the chest cavity (don’t go above the diaphragm).
2.  Cut skin and muscles from the sternum down to the lower belly. Mostly you will see liver and colon. 
  

3. Lift liver lobes and push aside fat tissue and intestines. You will see dark-colored organs – kidney and spleen.  
  
  

4. Count the number of observed kidneys and make a record in the file.
TITLE: No Title
AUTHORS: 

[DESCRIPTION]
<p>Precision Count Beads™ are designed for counting the absolute number of cells in a complex mix population and other particles by flow cytometry. Precision Count Beads™ are excited by a variety of lasers including violet (405nm), blue (488nm), yellow/green (562nm), and red (633nm).</p>

[GUIDELINES]
<p><strong>Example for using Precision Count Beads™ in a lyse no wash whole blood assay:</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>1. Dilute antibody or antibodies at recommended concentration(s).<br />2. Add 50μL of fresh EDTA blood and incubate for 15 minutes in the dark at room temperature.<br />3. Slowly vortex while adding 450μL of BioLegend’s RBC lysis/fixation (1X) solution to each tube.<br />4. Incubate for 15 minutes in the dark.<br />5. Vortex Precision Count Beads™ to ensure the beads are in a homogeneous suspension.<br />6. Add 50μL of Precision Count Beads™ using a reverse pipetting method for improved accuracy.<br />7. Acquire samples on a flow cytometer</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img id="s-mce-img" class="s-mce-img" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqcecje.jpg" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqcecje.jpg" data-ofn="precision count 1.JPG" /></p>
<p>Figure 1. It is easier to visualize Precision Count Beads™ using at least one fluorescent channel as a parameter</p>
<p> </p>
<p>8. If the volumes of the sample and the Precision Count Beads™ is the same (1:1), then the absolute cell count can be determined using the following formula:<br /><br /></p>
<p><img id="s-mce-img" class="s-mce-img" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqeecje.jpg" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqdecje.jpg" data-ofn="precision count formula.JPG" /></p>
<p><img id="s-mce-img" class="s-mce-img" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqgecje.jpg" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqfecje.jpg" data-ofn="precision 3.JPG" /></p>
<p>Figure 2. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD3 FITC/CD4 PE/CD45 PerCP cocktail (BioLegend Cat#368302) using a lyse/no wash method. Precision Count Beads™ were used as recommended. Bead count and CD3+CD4+ cell count was determined by gating on beads and cells as depicted in Figure 2. Cells were gated on lymphocytes, based on their FSC vs SSC profile, and CD45+.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>In this example, the absolute number of cells can be calculated as follows:<br />Precision Count Beads™ number = 2002<br />Cell number = 1156<br />Precision Count Beads per μl = 1000<br /><strong>Absolute Cell Count= (1156/2002) X 1000 = 577 CD3+CD4+ cells/μL</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>9. If the relative proportion of the sample and the Precision Count Beads™ is different (not 1:1), then the absolute count can be determined as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img id="s-mce-img" class="s-mce-img" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqiecje.jpg" data-src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/pr-journal/dqhecje.jpg" data-ofn="precision formula 2.JPG" /></p>

[STEPS]
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TITLE: WC Medium
AUTHORS: Richard Wilander Lambrecht

[DESCRIPTION]
WC Medium modified from Guillard and Lorenzen (1972)

[STEPS]
SECTION: Medium preparation (for 1L of WC)
2. Weigh 0,115 g of TES Buffer (C6H15NO6S) and add it to a volumetric flask with almost 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Medium preparation (for 1L of WC)
3. Add 1 mL of each of the stock solutions A to G to the medium preparation bottle. 
SECTION: Medium preparation (for 1L of WC)
4. Complete the volume until 1 liter with MilliQ water
SECTION: Medium preparation (for 1L of WC)
5. Transfer the prepared medium to an autoclavable flask, labeled with autoclaving tape.
 On the label put the information about the liquid contained (WC medium), the date, the person responsible for the preparation, and a box to check when adding the solution H (Vitamin Mix). 
SECTION: Medium preparation (for 1L of WC)
6. Autoclave the medium at 121ºC and let it cool down to room temperature.
SECTION: Medium preparation (for 1L of WC)
7. In a clean bench: syringe filter 1 mL of the defrosted solution H (Vitamin Mix), add it to the medium (1 ml per Liter), and check the box on the tape.
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1. The stock solutions don't need to be autoclaved after preparation. Make sure to use volumetric flasks to ensure the right concentrations of the salts and transfer the solution to autoclavable flasks and store it in the fridge. Remember to start the preparation with less than 1L of MilliQ water, and after adding the salts complete the volume to 1L.
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.1. Stock solution A: 36,80g of (CaCl2+2H2O) in 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.2. Stock solution B: 37g of (MgSO4+7H2O) in 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.3. Stock solution C: 12,60g of (NaHCO3) in 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.4. Stock solution D: 11,40g of (K2HPO4 + H2O) in 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.5. Stock solution E: 85 g of (NaNO3) in 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.6. Stock solution F: 21,20 g of (Na2SiO3 + 5H2O) in 1L of MilliQ water
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.7. Stock solution G (Supplement elements): add the following salts in 1L of MilliQ water:
- 4,36 g of (Na2EDTA)
- 3,15 g of (FeCl3 + 6H2O)
- 0,010 g of (CuSO4 + 5H2O)
- 0,022 g of (ZnSO4 + 7H2O)
- 0,010 g of (CoCl2 + 6H2O)
- 0,180 g of (MnCl2 + 4H2O)
- 0,006 g of (Na2MoO4 + 2H2O)
- 1,0 g of (H3BO3)
SECTION: Stock Solution preparation
1.8. Stock solution H (Vitamin Mix): add the following in 1L of MilliQ water:
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1): 0,1 g of (C12H17ClN4OS)
- Biotin: 0,0005 g of (C10H16N2O3S)
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12): 0,0005 g of (C63H88CoN14O14P)

Aliquot the solution in 15 mL falcon tubes, and freeze them until used at -20 ºC.
TITLE: Clinical characterization of a cohort of patients under treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus in Colombia
AUTHORS: Jorge        Machado Alba

[DESCRIPTION]
Introduction/objectives: 
To describe the clinical characteristics and health care resource utilization in a Colombian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) outpatient cohort.

Method: Retrospective descriptive study. Clinical records and claims data of SLE patients from ten specialized primary care centers in Colombia between July 2017 and June 2018 were reviewed. Baseline clinical variables, SLE activity (SLEDAI), drugs use, and direct costs were measured. 

Results: A total of413 patients were included, 361 (87.4%) female; mean age was 42±14 years. Mean disease evolution was 8.9±6.0 years; 174 patients (42.1%) had a systemic manifestation at baseline, mostly lupus nephritis (105; 25.4%). 334 patients (80.9%) had at least one comorbidity, mainly antiphospholipid syndrome (90; 21.8%) and hypertension (76; 18.4%). Baseline SLEDAI score was 0 in 215 patients (52.0%), 1-5 in 154 (37.3%), 6-10 in 41 (9.9%) and 11+ in 3 (0.7%). All patients received pharmacological therapy, the most common were corticosteroids (293; 70.9%), followed by antimalarials (chloroquine 52.5%, hydroxychloroquine 31.0%), immunosuppressants (azathioprine 45.3%, methotrexate 21.5%, mycophenolate mofetil 20.1%, cyclosporine 8.0%, cyclophosphamide 6.8%, leflunomide 4.8%) and biologicals (10.9%). The mean annual costs were USD 1954 per patient/year, USD 1555 for anti-rheumatic drugs (USD 10,487 for those with biologicals), USD 86 for medical visits, USD 235 for drug infusions and USD 199 for laboratory tests.

Conclusions
SLE generates an important economic and morbidity burden for the Colombian health system. SLE outpatient attention costs in the observation year were mainly determined by drug therapy (especially biologics), medical visits and laboratory tests. 


[STEPS]