파일:Skeletal muscles homo 뒤통수이마근, 후두전두근(後頭前頭筋) 관자마루근, 측두두정근(側頭頭頂筋) orbicularis oculi 눈둘레근, 안륜근(眼輪筋) levator labii superioris 위입술올림근, 상순거근(上脣擧筋) muscle) 씹기근육, 저작근(咀嚼筋) 목빗근, 흉쇄유돌근(胸鎖乳突筋) orbicularis oris 입둘레근, 구륜근(口輪筋) deltoideus 어깨세모근, 삼각근(三角筋) trapezius 등세모근, 승모근(僧帽筋) 10 pectoralis major 큰가슴근, 대흉근(大胸筋) 11 latissimus dorsi 넓은등근, 광배근(廣背筋) 12 triceps brachii 위팔세갈래근, 상완삼두근(上腕三頭筋) 13 biceps brachii 위팔두갈래근, 상완이두근(上腕二頭筋) 14 serratus anterior 앞톱니근, 전거근(前鋸筋) 혹은 전방거근(前方鋸筋) 15 rectus abdominis 배곧은근, 복직근(腹直筋) 16 obliquus externus abdominis 배바깥빗근, 외복사근(外腹斜筋) 17 tensor fascia lata 넙다리근막긴장근, 대퇴근막장근(大腿筋膜張筋) 18 rectus femoris 넙다리곧은근, 대퇴직근(大腿直筋) 19 gluteus maximus 큰볼기근, 대둔근(大臀筋) 20 pronator quadratus 네모엎침근, 방형회내근(方形回內筋) 21 flexor retinaculum 굽힘근지지띠, 굴곡근지지대(屈曲筋支持帶) 22 flexor digitorum communis 손가락굽힘근, 총지굴근(總指屈筋), 총수지굴근(總手指屈筋) 23 sartorius 넙다리빗근, 봉공근(縫工筋) 24 quadratus femoris 넙다리네모근, 대퇴방형근(大腿方形筋) 25 ischiocrurale 넓적다리뒤근육, 좌골하퇴근(坐骨下腿筋) 26 gastrocnemius muscle 장딴지근, 비복근(髀腹筋) 27 tibialis anterior 앞정강근, 전경골근(前頸骨筋) 28 soleus 가자미근, 비근(腓筋) 29 extensor retinaculum 폄근지지띠, 신전근지지대(伸展筋支持帶) 30 triceps surae 종아리세갈래근, 하퇴삼두근(下腿三頭筋) right 일반적인 인간에게는 대략 640개의 골격근이 있고, 대부분의 근육이 좌우대칭의 양측성 근육이므로 대략 320쌍의 근육을 문서에서 보여주고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 정확한 숫자를 정하는 어려운데 왜냐하면 특정 근육을 단일 근육의 다른 부분으로 정의할지, 각각의 근육으로 정의할지 등의 문제가 있기 때문이다. 그래서 640개에서 850개로 근육의 숫자를 다르게 있다. 인체의 근육들은 머리와 목(head and neck)의 근육, 몸통(torso or trunk)의 근육, 팔(upper limbs)의 근육과 다리(lower limbs)의 근육을 포함한 많은 분류로 나뉠 있다. 표의 "동작"(action)은 해부학적 위치의 각각의 근육의 동작을 의미한다. 근육들은 해부학 용어(anatomical terminology)를 사용하여 설명된다. 한국어, 한자어, 영어 용어가 섞여서 쓰이는 대한민국 의학계의 현실을 감안하여 한국어, 한자어, 영어 명칭을 모두 표기하였다. 여기에 사용된 한국어 명칭들은 대한해부학회 사이트에서 배포하는 용어집을 따랐다. 또한 아직도 임상의학 의사들이 많이 쓰는 한자어로 명칭은 KMLE 의학 검색 엔진과 다국어 위키백과 등을 참고하였다. 인체 해부학에서의 골격근의 목록은 아래 표와 같다. 아래 표를 보기 전에 인체 목록, 위치에 대한 해부학 용어, 운동에 대한 해부학 용어, 근육에 대한 해부학 용어 문서를 읽으면 이해가 쉬울 것이다. == 머리 == === 두피/눈꺼풀 === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥 신경 동작 대항근 ''뒤통수이마근(후두전두근, muscle)'' 뒤통수뼈의 뒤통수힘살(occipital belly) 2개와 이마뼈의 이마힘살(frontal belly) 2개 aponeurosis) 얼굴신경(facial nerve) 눈썹 들기 뒤통수힘살(후두근, Occipitali belly) 뒤통수뼈의 위목덜미선(superior nuchal line), 관자뼈(temporal bone) 바위부분(petrous part)의 꼭지돌기(mastoid process) aponeurosis) 뒤통수동맥(occipital artery) auricular nerve, 얼굴신경(facial nerve)) 이마힘살(전두근, Frontalis muscle) aponeurosis) 이마 부분의 피부(skin of frontal region) 눈동맥(안동맥, ophthalmic artery) 얼굴신경(facial nerve) 눈썹 찡그리기 눈둘레근(안륜근, Orbicularis oculi muscle) 이마뼈; 안쪽눈꺼풀인대(medial palpebral ligament); 눈물뼈(lacrimal bone) 가쪽눈꺼풀연결(외측안검봉선, Lateral palpebral commissure) 눈동맥(안동맥, ophthalmic artery), 광대눈확동맥(협골안와동맥, artery), 눈구석동맥(Angular artery) 얼굴신경(facial nerve, 귀밑샘신경얼기)의 광대가지(zygomatic branch) 눈꺼풀 닫기 눈꺼풀올림근(상안검거근, levator palpebrae superioris muscle) 눈썹주름근(추미근, Corrugator supercilii muscle) 눈썹활(안와상융기, superciliary arch) 눈썹 근처의 이마 피부 얼굴신경(facial nerve) 이마 찡그리기 눈썹내림근(미모하제근, Depressor supercilii muscle) 안쪽눈확가장자리(내측안와연, medial orbital rim) 눈확 안쪽(안와 안쪽, medial aspect of bony orbit) 얼굴신경(facial nerve) 눈썹의 내림 === 바깥눈근육(외안근, Extraocular muscles) === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 동작 대항근 눈꺼풀올림근(Levator palpebrae superioris muscle) 나비뼈(sphenoid bone) 눈꺼풀판(tarsus, tarsal plate), 위눈꺼풀(upper eyelid) ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve 눈꺼풀의 들임과 올림 oculi muscle) 위눈꺼풀판근(superior tarsal muscle) 눈꺼풀올림근(levator palpebrae superioris muscle)의 아랫면 superior tarsal plate of the eyelid sympathetic nervous system 윗눈꺼풀 들기 oculi muscle) 이마뼈, 안쪽눈꺼풀인대(medial palpebral ligament), 그리고 눈물뼈(lacrimal bone) 가쪽눈꺼풀솔기(lateral palpebral raphe) ophthalmic artery, artery, angular artery 얼굴신경(facial nerve) 눈꺼풀 닫기 눈꺼풀올림근(levator palpebrae superioris muscle) ''곧은근(Rectus muscles)'' 위곧은근(Superior rectus muscle) 눈확끝(orbital apex)의 온힘줄고리(Common tendinous ring) 7.5 mm superior to the corneal limbus oculomotor nerve 눈(eye)의 들기, 모음, 안쪽돌림 아래곧은근(Inferior rectus muscle) 6.5 mm inferior to the corneal limbus inferior branch of oculomotor nerve 내림과 모음 안쪽곧은근(Medial rectus muscle) 5.5 mm medial to the corneal limbus inferior division of the oculomotor nerve 안구(eyeball)의 모음 가쪽곧은근(Lateral rectus muscle) mm temporal to the corneal limbus abducens nerve 안구(eyeball)의 벌림 ''빗근(Oblique muscles)'' 위빗근(Superior oblique muscle) 눈확끝(orbital apex)과 시각신경관(optic canal) 안쪽(medial)의 온힘줄고리(Common tendinous ring) outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball lateral muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery trochlear nerve 주: 안구(eyeball)의 벌림(가쪽돌림)과 내림 아래빗근(Inferior oblique muscle) 위턱뼈(maxilla)의 눈확(orbital) 표면, 눈물고랑(누구, lacrimal groove)의 가쪽(lateral) laterally onto the eyeball, deep to the lateral rectus, by short flat tendon oculomotor nerve 올림, 벌림 === 내안근(Intraocular muscles) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 섬모체근(ciliary muscle) long posterior ciliary arteries oculomotor nerve accommodation 동공확대근(Dilator pupillae muscle) superior cervical ganglion (sympathetics) pupil dilation 동공조임근(Sphincter pupillae muscle) 동공조임근(Sphincter pupillae muscle) short ciliary nerves constricts pupil 동공확대근(Dilator pupillae muscle) === === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 귓바퀴근육(Auricular muscles, Auriculares muscles) galeal aponeurosis front of the helix, cranial surface of the pinna facial nerve (Wiggle ears) muscle) auriculares muscles galea aponeurotica 등자근(stapedius) neck of stapes facial nerve control the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear 고막긴장근(tensor tympani) Eustachian tube handle of the malleus superior tympanic artery medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve tensing the tympanic membrane === === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 작용(Action) 대항근 눈살근(Procerus muscle) from fascia over the lower of the nasal bone skin of the lower part of the forehead between the eyebrows buccal branch of the facial nerve Draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow, giving expressions of frowning 코근(Nasalis muscle) 위턱뼈(maxilla) nasal bone Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils 비공개대근(dilator naris muscle) margin of the nasal notch of the maxilla, greater and lesser alar cartilages skin near the margin of the nostril dilation of nostrils septi nasi muscle) incisive fossa of the maxilla nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle depression of nasal septum labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle) 위턱뼈(maxilla) nostril and upper lip superior labial artery dilates the nostril; elevates the upper lip and wing of the nose === === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 작용(Action) 대항근 입꼬리올림근(levator anguli oris)(caninus) 위턱뼈(maxilla) modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve smile (elevates angle of mouth) anguli oris tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth facial artery 얼굴신경의 하악분지(mandibular branch of facial nerve) depresses angle of mouth 위입술올림근(levator labii superioris muscle) medial infra-orbital margin 아래입술의 외피(skin and muscle of the upper lip) (labii superioris) superior labial artery buccal branch of the facial nerve Elevates the upper lip labii inferioris muscle) 아래턱뼈의 사선 (oblique line of the mandible), between the symphysis and the mental foramen integument of the lower lip, orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of the opposite side inferior labial artery facial nerve Depresses the lower lip 턱끝근(mentalis muscle) 아래턱뼈(mandible) 앞쪽(anterior) Inferior labial branch of facial artery mandibular branch of facial nerve elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip 볼근(Buccinator muscle) 위턱뼈와 아래턱뼈의 이틀돌기(alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible), raphe in the fibres of the orbicularis oris buccal artery buccal branch of the facial nerve compress the cheeks against the teeth (blowing), mastication. oris muscle) 위턱뼈(maxilla)와 아래턱뼈(mandible) skin around the lips pucker the lips 입꼬리당김근(risorius muscle) 귀밑샘근막(parotid fascia) modiolus facial artery draw back angle of mouth ''광대근(Zygomatic muscles)'' major muscle) 광대뼈의 앞쪽(anterior of zygomatic bone) modiolus of mouth facial artery buccal branch of the facial nerve draws angle of mouth upward and laterally minor muscle) 광대뼈(zygomatic bone) skin of the upper lip facial nerve, buccal branch elevates upper lip === 씹기 === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 깨물근(masseter muscle) 광대활(zygomatic arch)과 위턱뼈(maxilla) coronoid process and ramus of mandible masseteric artery masseteric nerve (V3) elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and retraction of mandible 넓은목근(platysma) 관자근(Temporalis) temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull coronoid process of the mandible deep temporal third branch (mandibular nerve) of the trigeminal nerve elevation and retraction of mandible ''날개근(Pterygoid muscles)'' 가쪽날개근(Lateral pterygoid muscle) great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate condyle of mandible pterygoid branches of maxillary artery external pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve depresses mandible 안쪽날개근(Medial pterygoid muscle) ''deep head:'' medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper head:'' pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity medial angle of the mandible mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side === === ==== 바깥기원근육(외인근육, 외재근, Extrinsic muscles) ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 muscle) Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid Lingual artery hypoglossal nerve Complex Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down 목뿔혀근(hyoglossus muscle) 목뿔뼈(hyoid bone) side of the tongue hypoglossal nerve depresses tongue muscle) lesser cornu and body of the hyoid bone intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue hypoglossal nerve depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus) muscle) Styloid process of temporal bone tongue Hypoglossal nerve elevates and retracts tongue 아래와 중간 섬유 muscle) palatine aponeurosis tongue vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve raising the back part of the tongue ==== 자체기원근육(내인근육, 내재근, Intrinsic muscles) ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 혀위세로근(superior longitudinal muscle) close to the epiglottis, from the median fibrous septum edges of the tongue hypoglossal nerve shortens, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward 혀가로근(transverse muscle) median fibrous septum sides of the tongue hypoglossal nerve narrows and elongates 혀아래세로근(inferior longitudinal muscle) root of the tongue apex of the tongue Hypoglossal nerve shortens, retracts, pulls tip downward 혀수직근(vertical muscle) dorsum of tongue inferior surface borders of tongue hypoglossal nerve flattens === 물렁입천장(연구개, Soft palate) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 입천장올림근(levator veli palatini muscle) temporal bone, Eustachian tube palatine aponeurosis facial artery vagus nerve Aids in swallowing by elevating the soft palate 입천장긴장근(tensor veli palatini muscle) medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve Aids in swallowing by controlling the tension of the soft palate 목젖근(musculus uvulae) hard palate pharyngeal plexus Moves and changes shape of the uvula muscle) palatine aponeurosis tongue vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve Aids in respiration by raising the back part of the tongue muscle) palatine aponeurosis and hard palate upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers) facial artery vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve Aids in respiration by pulling the pharynx and larynx === 인두(Pharynx) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 muscle) temporal styloid process thyroid cartilage (pharynx) pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery nerve elevate the larynx, elevate the pharynx, swallowing muscle) cartilage of the Eustachian tube posterior fasciculus of the muscle vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve raise the nasopharynx muscles)'' pharyngeal constrictor muscle cricoid and thyroid cartilage pharyngeal raphe pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery external laryngeal branch of the vagus Swallowing 중간인두수축근(middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle) hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe vagus nerve Swallowing 위인두수축근(superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle) medial pterygoid plate, raphé, alveolar process pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle vagus nerve Swallowing === 후두(Larynx) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 muscle) anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage external laryngeal branch of the vagus tension and elongation of the vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) 모뿔근(arytenoid muscle) arytenoid cartilage on one side arytenoid cartilage on opposite side recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus approximate the arytenoid cartilages (close rima glottidis) muscle) inner surface of the thyroid cartilage (anterior aspect) anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus thickens the vocal folds and decreases length; also helps to adduct the vocal folds during speech muscles)'' cricoarytenoid muscle) posterior part of the cricoid muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus abducts and laterally rotates the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments away from the midline and forward and so opening the rima glottidis lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 가쪽반지모뿔근(lateral cricoarytenoid muscle) lateral part of the arch of the cricoid muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus adduct and medially rotate the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments towards the midline and backwards and so closing off the rima glottidis == 부위 == === 빗장뼈 부위(Clavicular) === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 작용(Action) 대항근 넓은목근(Platysma) 빗장뼈아래와 흉부의 근막(inferior clavicle and fascia of chest) 아래턱뼈(mandible) branches of the submental artery and suprascapular artery cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck superiorly when teeth are clenched 깨물근(Masseter muscle), 관자근(Temporalis muscle) muscle) manubrium sterni, medial portion of the 빗장뼈(clavicle) mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery 운동(motor): 더부신경(accessory 목신경얼기(cervical plexus) Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side. Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration. === 목뿔위근육(설골상근, Suprahyoid muscles) === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 작용(Action) 대항근 턱두힘살근(Digastric muscle) anterior belly digastric fossa (mandible); posterior belly mastoid process of temporal bone Intermediate tendon (hyoid bone) anterior belly mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly facial nerve (CN VII) Opens the jaw when the masseter and the temporalis are relaxed. 붓목뿔근(Stylohyoid muscle) styloid process (temporal) 목뿔뼈의 큰뿔(greater cornu of hyoid bone) 얼굴신경(facial nerve) (CN VII) Elevate the hyoid during swallowing 턱목뿔근(Mylohyoid muscle) 턱목뿔근선(Mylohyoid line) 아래턱뼈(mandible) Median raphé mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery nerve), from inferior alveolar nerve|inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 Raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible muscle) 턱뼈결합(Symphysis menti) 목뿔뼈(hyoid bone) C1 via nerve) carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition === 목뿔아래근육(설골하근, Infrahyoid muscle) === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 작용(Action) 대항근 muscle) 복장뼈자루(manubrium of sternum) 목뿔뼈(hyoid bone) 목신경고리(ansa cervicalis) depress hyoid bone muscle) 방패연골(thyroid cartilage) 목신경고리(Ansa cervicalis) Depresses larynx, may slightly depress hyoid bone. muscle) 방패연골(thyroid cartilage) 목뿔뼈(hyoid bone) 첫뻔째 목신경(first cervical nerve) depress hyoid bone 어깨목뿔근(Omohyoid muscle) 어깨뼈의 위쪽경계(Upper border of the scapula) 목뿔뼈(Hyoid bone) 목신경고리(Ansa cervicalis) Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Carries hyoid bone backward and to the side === === ==== ==== Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 목긴근(Longus colli muscle) Transverse processes of C-3 C-6 Anterior arch of atlas C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 Flexes the neck and head 머리긴근(Longus capitis muscle) anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae basilar part of the occipital bone C1, C2, C3/C4 flexion of neck at joint 앞머리곧은근(Rectus capitis anterior muscle) atlas occipital bone C1 flexion of neck at joint 가쪽머리곧은근(Rectus capitis lateralis muscle) upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone C1 Sidebend at joint ==== ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 ''목갈비근(scalene muscles)'' cervical vertebrae first and second ribs ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery) cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 elevation of ribs I&II 앞목갈비근(Scalenus anterior muscle) C3-C6 first rib ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery) ventral ramus of C5, C6 When the neck is fixed, elevates the first rib to aid in breathing or when the rib is fixed, bends the neck forward and sideways and rotates it to the opposite side 중간목갈비근(Scalenus medius muscle) C2-C6 first rib ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery) ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side 뒤목갈비근(Scalenus posterior muscle) transverse processes of C4 C6 2nd rib ascending cervical artery, superficial cervical artery C6, C7, C8 Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side 어깨올림근(levator scapulae muscle) Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 C4 Superior part of medial border of scapula dorsal scapular artery cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) Elevates 어깨뼈(scapula) and tilts its 접시오목(glenoid cavity) inferiorly by rotating scapula 가쪽머리곧은근(Rectus capitis lateralis muscle) upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1) under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone C1 위머리빗근(Obliquus capitis superior muscle) lateral mass of atlas lateral half of the inferior nuchal line suboccipital nerve 아래머리빗근(Obliquus capitis inferior muscle) spinous process of the axis lateral mass of atlas suboccipital nerve ==== ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 작은뒤머리곧은근(Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle) the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of sensory organ than muscle 큰뒤머리곧은근(Rectus capitis posterior major muscle) spinous process of the axis (C2) inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) capitis muscle) articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7 occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines greater occipital nerve Extension of the head capitis muscle) articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5 posterior margin of the mastoid process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve Laterally: Flex the head and neck to the same side. Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column. 머리널판근(Splenius capitis muscle) ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6 Mastoid process C3, C4 Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head 위머리빗근(Obliquus capitis superior muscle) lateral mass of atlas lateral half of the inferior nuchal line suboccipital nerve 아래머리빗근(Obliquus capitis inferior muscle) spinous process of the axis lateral mass of atlas suboccipital nerve == 몸통(torso) == === 등(back) === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) 작용(Action) 대항근 ''척주세움근(erector spinae muscle)'' on the spines of the last four thoracic vertebrae both the spines of the most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends the vertebral column 배곧은근(rectus abdominis muscle) muscle) lateral sacral artery muscle,최장근) 가로돌기(transverse process) 가로돌기(transverse process) lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve 배곧은근(rectus abdominis muscle) 가시근(spinalis muscle) spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve 배곧은근(rectus abdominis muscle) 넓은등근(광배근, 활배근, Latissimus dorsi muscle) spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior or ribs floor of intertubercular groove of the 위팔뼈(humerus) subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally 어깨세모근(삼각근, Deltoid muscle), 등세모근(승모근, Trapezius muscle) muscles)'' 가로돌기(transverse process) spinous process Posterior branch of posterior branches thoracis muscle) transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebrae spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae cervicis muscle) transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth capitis muscle) transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna area between superior and inferior nuchal line greater occipital nerve Extends the head 뭇갈래근(multifidus muscle) 엉치뼈(sacrum), erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest 가시돌기(spinous process) 척수신경의 뒷가지(posterior branch of spinal nerve) Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column 돌림근(Rotatores muscle) 가로돌기(transverse process) 가시돌기(spinous process) 뒤가지(posterior branch) muscle) 가시돌기(spinous process) 가시돌기(spinous process) posterior rami of spinal nerves Extension, flexion and rotation of vertebral column. muscle) 가로돌기(transverse process) transverse process above anterior rami of spinal nerves Lateral flexion of trunk ''널판근(Splenius muscles)'' 머리널판근(Splenius capitis muscle) ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T6 Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone C3, C4 Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head 목널판근(Splenius cervicis muscle) spinous processes of T3-T6 transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 C5, C6 === 가슴(chest) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 muscles)'' ribs 1-11 ribs 2-12 intercostal arteries intercostal nerves intercostal muscles) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves Inhalation 속갈비사이근(Internal intercostal muscles) 속갈비사이근(Internal intercostal muscles) rib inferior border rib superior border intercostal arteries intercostal nerves hold ribs steady intercostal muscles) intercostal muscle) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves Elevate ribs muscle) inner surface of one rib inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle intercostal nerves thoracis muscle) costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses ribs 갈비올림근(Levatores costarum muscle) transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae dorsal rami C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage ''뒤톱니근(Serratus posterior muscles)'' 아래뒤톱니근(Serratus posterior inferior muscle) T11 L3) the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration 위뒤톱니근(Serratus posterior superior muscle) 목덜미인대(nuchal ligament or ligamentum nuchae), 척추뼈C7에서 T3번의 가시돌기(the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7 through T3) the upper borders of the 2nd through 5th ribs intercostal arteries 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries phrenic and lower intercostal nerves respiration === 배(abdomen) === 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥(Artery) 신경(Nerve) Action 대항근 abdominis muscle) ribs and the iliac crest inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis intercostal nerves T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability 배곧은근(복직근, Rectus abdominis muscle) 두덩뼈(pubis) 5~7번 갈비뼈의 갈비연골(costal cartilages of ribs 5-7), 복장뼈의 칼돌기(xiphoid process of sternum) inferior epigastric artery segmentally by nerves (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12) flexion of trunk/lumbar vertebrae 척주세움근(erector spinae muscle) muscle) 두덩결합(pubic symphysis), 두덩뼈능선(pubic crest) 백선(linea alba) subcostal nerve (T12) tensing the linea alba 고환올림근(Cremaster muscle) 고샅인대(inguinal ligament) cremasteric artery 음부넙다리신경의 음부가지(genital branch of genitofemoral nerve raise and lower the scrotum) 허리네모근(Quadratus lumborum muscle) iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery anterior branches of T12, L1, L2, L3, L4 Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage ''빗근(Oblique muscles)'' 배바깥빗근(External abdominal oblique muscle) Lower costae Crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale intercostal nerves T5, T6, T7갈비밑신경(T7), T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12) Rotates torso 배속빗근(Internal abdominal oblique muscle) inguinal ligament, iliac crest and the lumbodorsal fascia linea alba, xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. intercostal nerves T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve Compresses abdomen and rotates vertebral column. === 골반(pelvis) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 꼬리근(Coccygeus muscle) sacrospinous ligament sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4 closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis 항문올림근(Levator ani muscle) muscle) ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia 꼬리뼈(coccyx) and anococcygeal raphe levator ani nerve (S4) inferior rectal nerve from 음부신경 (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus supports the viscera in pelvic cavity muscle) back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia 꼬리뼈(coccyx) and 엉치뼈(sacrum) controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm muscle) lower part of the pubic symphysis S3, S4. levator ani nerve inhibit defecation === 회음(perineum) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 ''항문조임근(Anal sphincter muscles)'' anal sphincter muscle) S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces 속항문조임근(Internal anal sphincter muscle) pudendal nerve keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces perineal pouch)'' transverse perineal muscle) anterior part of ischial tuberosity central point of perineum pudendal nerve muscle) median raphé perineal artery pudendal nerve in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina muscle) perineal artery pudendal nerve assists the bulbospongiosus muscle ''깊은샅공간(Deep perineal pouch)'' 깊은샅가로근(Deep transverse perineal muscle) inferior rami of the 궁둥뼈(ischium) its fellow of the opposite side pudendal nerve urethral sphincter muscle) junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and 궁둥뼈(ischium) to the extent of 1.25–2 cm., and from the neighboring fasciæ its fellow of the opposite side perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence == 팔(상지, Upper limb) == === 척추 === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 등세모근(승모근, Trapezius muscle) down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the ''medial'' part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12 at the shoulders, into the ''lateral'' third of the 빗장뼈(clavicle), the acromion process and into the spine of the scapula transverse cervical artery major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle retraction and elevation of 어깨뼈(scapula). 앞톱니근(전거근, Serratus anterior muscle) 넓은등근(광배근, 활배근, Latissimus dorsi muscle) spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior or ribs floor of intertubercular groove of the 위팔뼈(humerus) subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally 어깨세모근(삼각근, Deltoid muscle), 등세모근(승모근, Trapezius muscle) 마름근(능형근, rhomboid muscle) nuchal ligaments, spinous processes of C7-T5 vertebrae medial border of the scapula dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Retracts the 어깨뼈(scapula) and rotates it to depress the 접시오목(glenoid cavity). fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. 앞톱니근(전거근, Serratus anterior muscle) 큰마름근(rhomboid major muscle) spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Retracts the 어깨뼈(scapula) and rotates it to depress the 접시오목(glenoid cavity). It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. 앞톱니근(전거근, Serratus anterior muscle) 작은마름근(rhomboid minor muscle) nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Retracts the 어깨뼈(scapula) and rotates it to depress the 접시오목(glenoid cavity). It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. 앞톱니근(전거근, Serratus anterior muscle) 어깨올림근(견갑거근, levator scapulae muscle) posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 C4 vertebrae superior part of medial border of scapula dorsal scapular artery cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) Elevates 어깨뼈(scapula) and tilts its 접시오목(glenoid cavity) inferiorly by rotating scapula === 흉벽(Thoracic walls) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 큰가슴근(대흉근, pectoralis major muscle) anterior surface of the medial half of the 빗장뼈(clavicle). '''Sternocostal head''': anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages intertubercular groove of the 위팔뼈(humerus) pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve '''Clavicular head''': C5 and head''': C7, C8 and T1 '''Clavicular head''': flexes the head''': extends the humerusAs whole, adducts and medially rotates the 위팔뼈(humerus). It also draws the 어깨뼈(scapula) anteriorly and inferiorly. 작은가슴근(소흉근, pectoralis minor muscle) 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages medial border and superior surface of the 어깨뼈(scapula)의 부리돌기(오훼돌기, coracoid process) Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1) stabilizes the 어깨뼈(scapula) by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall 빗장밑근(subclavius muscle) first rib subclavian groove of 빗장뼈(clavicle) thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch nerve to subclavius Depresses the 빗장뼈(clavicle) 앞톱니근(전거근, Serratus anterior muscle) fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper or ribs costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7) protract and stabilize 어깨뼈(scapula), assists in upward rotation 큰마름근(Rhomboid major muscle), 작은마름근(Rhomboid minor muscle), 등세모근(승모근, Trapezius muscle) === 어깨 === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 어깨세모근(삼각근, Deltoid muscle) 빗장뼈(clavicle), acromion, spine of the scapula deltoid tuberosity of 위팔뼈(humerus) primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery Axillary nerve shoulder abduction, flexion and extension 넓은등근(광배근, 활배근, Latissimus dorsi muscle) 큰원근(대원근teres major muscle) posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the 어깨뼈(scapula) medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the 위팔뼈(humerus) Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) Internal rotation of the 위팔뼈(humerus) ''돌림근띠(회전근개, Rotator cuff)'' muscle) supraspinous fossa of 어깨뼈(scapula) superior facet of greater tubercle of 위팔뼈(humerus) suprascapular artery suprascapular nerve abduction of arm and stabilizes 위팔뼈(humerus) muscle), 작은원근(소원근, teres minor muscle), 큰가슴근(대흉근, pectoralis major muscle), 그리고 넓은등근(latissimus dorsi muscle) muscle) infraspinous fossa of the 어깨뼈(scapula) middle facet of greater tubercle of the 위팔뼈(humerus) suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries suprascapular nerve Lateral rotation of arm Adduction of arm and stabilizes 위팔뼈(humerus) muscle), 큰가슴근(대흉근, pectoralis major muscle), 그리고 넓은등근(광배근, 활배근, Latissimus dorsi muscle) 작은원근(소원근, teres minor muscle) lateral border of the 어깨뼈(scapula) inferior facet of greater tubercle of the 위팔뼈(humerus) posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery axillary nerve laterally rotates and adducts the arm muscle), 큰가슴근(대흉근, pectoralis major muscle), 그리고 넓은등근(광배근, 활배근, Latissimus dorsi muscle) muscle) subscapular fossa lesser tubercle of 위팔뼈(humerus) subscapular artery upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) rotates medially 위팔뼈(humerus); stabilizes shoulder muscle)와 작은원근(teres minor muscle) === 위팔(상완, arm) === ==== 위팔 앞면 ==== 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥 신경 동작 대항근 muscle) 어깨뼈(scapula)의 부리돌기(오훼돌기, coracoid process) 위팔뼈(humerus) 중간(medial) 위팔동맥(brachial artery) nerve) 어깨관절(shoulder joint)에서의 구부리기(flexion) 위팔두갈래근(상완이두근, biceps brachii muscle) '''짧은갈래(short head):''' 어깨뼈(scapula)의 부리돌기(오훼돌기, coracoid head):''' tubercle) 노뼈거친면(radial tuberosity) 위팔동맥(brachial artery) nerve)의 가쪽다발(Lateral cord): 다섯째 목신경(cervical spinal nerve 5, C5), 여섯째 목신경(cervical spinal nerve 6, C6), 일곱째 목신경(cervical spinal nerve 7, C7)) 구부리고(flex), 아래팔(forearm)을 뒤친다.(supinate) 위팔세갈래근(Triceps brachii muscle) 위팔근(brachialis muscle) 위팔뼈(humerus)의 앞쪽면, 부분적으로는 뼈의 반쪽(distal half) 자뼈(ulna)의 갈고리돌기(coronoid process)와 of the ulna) 노쪽되돌이동맥(radial recurrent artery) nerve) 팔꿈치관절(elbow joint)에서의 구부리기(flexion) ==== 위팔 뒷면 ==== 근육 이는곳(Origin) 닿는곳(Insertion) 동맥 신경 Action 대항근 위팔세갈래근(상완삼두근, triceps brachii muscle) '''긴갈래(long head):''' 위팔뼈 뒤쪽 노신경고랑(요골신경구, radial groove) 위'''안쪽갈래(medial head):''' 위팔뼈 뒤-노신경고랑(radial groove) 아래 자뼈(ulna)의 돌기(process) 깊은위팔동맥(Deep brachial artery, Profunda brachii artery) 노신경(radial nerve) 아래팔(forearm) 펴기(extension), 긴갈래(long head; caput longum)의 어깨(shoulder) 모으기(adduct) 위팔두갈래근(Biceps brachii muscle) 팔꿈치근(anconeus muscle) 위팔뼈의 가쪽위관절융기(Lateral epicondyle of the humerus) 돌기의 가쪽과 자뼈(ulna) 뒷면의 위쪽 깊은위팔동맥(Deep brachial artery, Profunda brachii artery), interosseous artery) 노신경(radial nerve: 일곱째 목신경(cervical spinal nerve 7, C7), 여덟째 목신경(cervical spinal nerve 8, C8), 첫째 가슴신경(thoracic spinal nerve 1, T1)) partly blended in with the which it assists in extension of the forearm. Stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation. === 아래팔(전완, forearm) === ==== 아래팔 앞면 ==== ===== 아래팔 표면 ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 원엎침근(pronator teres muscle) ''humeral head'': medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ''ulnar head'': coronoid process of the ulna 노뼈(radius) pronator tuberosity ulnar artery and radial artery median nerve pronation of forearm, flexes elbow 손뒤침근(Supinator muscle) 노쪽손목굽힘근(flexor carpi radialis muscle) medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) Bases of second and third metacarpal bones ulnar artery median nerve Flexion and abduction at wrist carpi radialis brevis muscle), carpi radialis longus muscle) 긴손바닥근(palmaris longus muscle) medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) palmar aponeurosis ulnar artery median nerve wrist flexor carpi radialis brevis muscle), carpi radialis longus muscle), 자쪽손목폄근(Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle) 자쪽손목굽힘근(flexor carpi ulnaris muscle) medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) pisiform ulnar artery muscular branches of ulnar nerve flexion and adduction of wrist 자쪽손목폄근(Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle) 얕은손가락굽힘근(flexor digitorum superficialis muscle) medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), as well as parts of the 노뼈(radius) and 자뼈(ulna). phalanges II-V ulnar artery median nerve flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) 손가락폄근(Extensor digitorum muscle) ===== 아래팔 ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 네모엎침근(pronator quadratus muscle) medial, anterior surface of the ulna lateral, anterior surface of the radius anterior interosseous artery median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) pronates the forearm 손뒤침근(Supinator muscle) 깊은손가락굽힘근(flexor digitorum profundus muscle) 자뼈(ulna) distal phalanges anterior interosseous artery median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar flex hand, interphalangeal joints 손가락폄근(Extensor digitorum muscle) 긴엄지굽힘근(flexor pollicis longus muscle) The middle 2/4 of the Volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the 자뼈(ulna).) The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Anterior interosseous artery Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) ('''C8''', T1) Flexion of the thumb 긴엄지폄근(Extensor pollicis longus muscle), 짧은엄지폄근(Extensor pollicis brevis muscle) ==== 아래팔 뒷면 ==== ===== 아래팔 표면 ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 손가락폄근(extensor digitorum muscle) lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) 2nd-5th phalange posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extension of hand and fingers 얕은손가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle), 깊은손가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum profundus muscle) 새끼폄근(extensor digiti minimi muscle) the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon) extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side posterior interosseous artery which originates from the common interosseous artery and more proximally, the ulnar artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends the little finger at all joints 짧은새끼굽힘근(Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle) 자쪽손목폄근(extensor carpi ulnaris muscle) Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), 자뼈(ulna) 5th metacarpal ulnar artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends and adducts the wrist 자쪽손목굽힘근(Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle) ''유동뭉치(Mobile wad)'' Lateral supracondylar ridge of the 위팔뼈(humerus) Distal radius (Radial styloid process) radial recurrent artery 노신경(radial nerve) Flexion of forearm carpi radialis longus muscle) lateral supracondylar ridge 2nd metacarpal radial artery 노신경(radial nerve) extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist 노쪽손목굽힘근(Flexor carpi radialis muscle) carpi radialis brevis muscle) 위팔뼈(humerus) at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) base of the 3rd metacarpal radial artery posterior interosseus nerve extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint 노쪽손목굽힘근(Flexor carpi radialis muscle) ===== 아래팔 ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 손뒤침근(supinator muscle) Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest of 자뼈(ulna), radial collateral ligament, annular ligament Lateral proximal radial shaft radial recurrent artery posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8) supinates forearm 원엎침근(Pronator teres muscle), 네모엎침근(Pronator quadratus muscle 집게폄근(extensor indicis muscle) 자뼈(ulna) index finger (extensor hood) posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends index finger, wrist snuffbox)'' 긴엄지벌림근(abductor pollicis longus muscle) 자뼈(ulna), radial styloid process first metacarpal posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) abduction, extension of thumb 엄지모음근(Adductor pollicis muscle) 짧은엄지폄근(extensor pollicis brevis muscle) 노뼈(radius) thumb, proximal phalanx posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extension of thumb at joint 긴엄지굽힘근(Flexor pollicis longus muscle), 짧은엄지굽힘근(Flexor pollicis brevis muscle) 긴엄지폄근(extensor pollicis longus muscle) 자뼈(ulna) thumb, distal phalanx posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extension of the thumb and 긴엄지굽힘근(Flexor pollicis longus muscle), 짧은엄지굽힘근(Flexor pollicis brevis muscle) === === ==== 가쪽 손바닥(Lateral palmar) ==== ===== 엄지두덩(Thenar eminence) ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 엄지맞섬근(opponens pollicis muscle) 굽힘근지지띠(flexor retinaculum) metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side superficial palmar arch median nerve Opposition of the thumb 짧은엄지굽힘근(flexor pollicis brevis muscle) trapezoid, flexor retinaculum thumb, proximal phalanx superficial palmar arch median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) Flexes the thumb 긴엄지폄근(Extensor pollicis longus muscle), 짧은엄지폄근(Extensor pollicis brevis muscle) 짧은엄지벌림근abductor pollicis brevis muscle) Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors superficial palmar arch Median nerve Abducts the thumb 엄지모음근(Adductor pollicis muscle) 엄지모음근(adductor pollicis muscle) '''Transverse head:''' anterior body of the third head:''' bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid deep palmar arch deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint 긴엄지벌림근(Abductor pollicis longus muscle), pollicis brevis muscle) ==== 안쪽 손바닥(Medial palmar) ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 짧은손바닥근(palmaris brevis muscle) flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis palm superficial branch of ulnar nerve wrinkle skin of palm eminence)'' 새끼벌림근(Abductor digiti minimi muscle) pisiform base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve Abduction of little finger 짧은새끼굽힘근(Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle) hamate bone little finger ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve flexes little finger 새끼폄근(extensor digiti minimi muscle) 새끼맞섬근(opponens digiti minimi muscle) Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Medial border of 5th metacarpal ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb ==== ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 벌레근(Lumbrical muscles) flexor digitorum profundus extensor expansion superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve flex joints, extend interphalangeal joints 등쪽뼈사이근(Dorsal interossei muscle) metacarpals proximal phalanges Dorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery deep branch of ulnar nerve abduct finger 바닥쪽뼈사이근(Palmar interossei muscles) 바닥쪽뼈사이근(palmar interossei muscles) metacarpals proximal phalange deep branch of ulnar nerve adduction == 다리(하지, Lower limb) == === 엉덩뼈 부위 === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 엉덩허리근(iliopsoas muscle) iliac fossa (iliacus), 엉치뼈(sacrum) (iliacus), spine (T12, L1, lumbar vertebrapsoas major, psoas minor) trochanter (psoas major/minor), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major femur (iliacus) medial femoral circumflex artery, iliolumbar artery femoral nerve, Lumbar nerves L1, L2 flexion of hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor) 큰볼기근(Gluteus maximus muscle), 넓적다리의 뒷부분(posterior compartment of thigh) 큰허리근(Psoas major muscle) transverse processes, bodies and discs of T12-L5 in the lesser trochanter of the 넙다리뼈(femur) Iliolumbar artery Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3 flexes and rotates laterally thigh 큰볼기근(Gluteus maximus muscle) 작은허리근(Psoas minor muscle) Side of T12+L1 and IV Disc between Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence L1 Weak trunk flexor 큰볼기근(Gluteus maximus muscle) 엉덩근(iliacus muscle) 엉덩뼈오목(iliac fossa) lesser trochanter of 넙다리뼈(femur) medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery femoral nerve (L2, L3) flexes hip 큰볼기뼈(Gluteus maximus muscle) === 볼기 부위(Gluteal) === 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 넙다리근막긴장근(tensor fasciae latae muscle) iliac crest iliotibial tract primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, Superior gluteal artery Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5) Thigh flexion, medial rotation. Trunk stabilization. ''볼기근(Gluteal muscles)'' 큰볼기근(gluteus maximus muscle) Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, 엉치뼈(sacrum), sacrotuberous ligament Gluteal tuberosity of the 넙다리뼈(femur), iliotibial tract superior and inferior gluteal arteries inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots) external rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting 엉덩근(Iliacus muscle), 큰허리근(Psoas major muscle), 작은허리근(Psoas minor muscle) 중간볼기근(gluteus medius muscle) Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus Greater trochanter of the 넙다리뼈(femur) superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh. 가쪽돌림근집단(lateral rotator group) 작은볼기근(gluteus minimus muscle) Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius. Greater trochanter of the 넙다리뼈(femur) superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh. 가쪽돌림근집단(lateral rotator group) rotator group)'' at or below the acetabulum of the ilium on or near the greater trochanter of the 넙다리뼈(femur) Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery Obturator nerve, nerve to the Piriformis, nerve to quadratus femoris lateral rotation of hip 작은볼기근(Gluteus minimus muscle), 중간볼기근(Gluteus medius muscle) muscle) 엉치뼈(sacrum) greater trochanter Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery nerve to the Piriformis (S1 and S2 nerve roots) laterally rotate (outward) the thigh 바깥폐쇄근(obturator externus muscle) obturator foramen and obturatory membrane medial aspect of greater trochanter of 넙다리뼈(femur) obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4) adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh 속폐쇄근(obturator internus muscle) Ischiopubic ramus obturator membrane medial aspect of the Greater trochanter Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) Abducts rotates laterally thigh, and stabiliser of the hip during walking 아래쌍동근(inferior gemellus muscle) Ischial tuberosity Obturator internus tendon Nerve to Quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) Rotates laterally thigh 위쌍동근(superior gemellus muscle) spine of the ischium Obturator internus tendon Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) Rotates laterally thigh 넙다리네모근(대퇴방형근, quadratus femoris muscle) ischial tuberosity crest inferior gluteal artery nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, -S1) lateral rotation of thigh === 넓적다리(윗다리, thigh) === ==== 넓적다리 앞부분 ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 genus muscle) 넙다리뼈(femur) suprapatellar bursa femoral artery femoral nerve Pulling the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee. 넙다리빗근(sartorius muscle) superior to the anterior superior iliac spine medial side of the upper 정강뼈(tibia) in the pes anserinus femoral artery femoral nerve flexion, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg quadriceps femoris muscle)'' 넙다리곧은근(rectus femoris)과 넓은근(vastus muscles)이 함께 무릎뼈(patella)와 정강뼈거친면(Tibial tuberosity)이 무릎인대(Patellar ligament)를 통하여 넙다리동맥(femoral artery) 넙다리신경(Femoral nerve) 무릎 펴기(Extension); 볼기(Hip) 굽히기(flexion) (R.Fem.만) 넙다리곧은근(rectus femoris muscle) anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum 무릎뼈(patella) and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament femoral artery femoral nerve knee extension; hip flexion 가쪽넓은근(vastus lateralis muscle) Greater trochanter, line, and Linea aspera of the 넙다리뼈(femur) 무릎뼈(patella) and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament femoral artery femoral nerve Extends and stabilizes knee 중간넓은근(vastus intermedius muscle) antero/ lateral 넙다리뼈(femur) 무릎뼈(patella) and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament femoral artery femoral nerve extends knee 안쪽넓은근(vastus medialis muscle) 넙다리뼈(femur) 무릎뼈(patella) and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament femoral artery femoral nerve extends knee ==== 넓적다리 슬와근, 오금) ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 넙다리두갈래근(대퇴이두근, biceps femoris muscle) 긴갈래(long head): 궁둥뼈결절(Ischial tuberosity, tuberosity of the ischium), 짧은갈래(short head): 넙다리뼈(femur)의 거친선(linea aspera) 정강뼈의 가쪽관절융기(Lateral condyle of tibia)의 뒷면과 관절로 연결된 종아리뼈머리(head of the fibula) 아래볼기동맥(inferior gluteal artery), arteries), 오금동맥(popliteal artery) 긴갈래(long head): 궁둥신경(sciatic nerve)의 안쪽(정강뼈쪽) 부분, 짧은갈래(short head): 궁둥신경(sciatic nerve)의 가쪽(종아리뼈쪽(common fibular)) 부분( 무릎관절(knee joint) 구부리기(flexion), 무릎이 구부러져 있을 무릎의 다리를 바깥쪽으로 회전하기(lateral rotation), 엉덩관절(hip joint) 넙다리네모근(대퇴사두근, Quadriceps femoris muscle) muscle) tuberosity of the ischium pes anserinus inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries sciatic (tibial, L5, S1, S2) flexes knee, extends hip joint, medially rotates leg at knee femoris muscle) muscle) tuberosity of the ischium Medial surface of 정강뼈(tibia) profunda femoris, gluteal artery sciatic nerve flexes knee, extends hip joint, medially rotates leg at knee femoris muscle) ==== 넓적다리 안쪽 부분 ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 ''엉덩이의 모음근(Adductor muscles of the hip)'' pubis 넙다리뼈(femur), 정강뼈(tibia) obturator nerve adduction of hip 두덩정강근(gracilis muscle) inferior pubic ramus 정강뼈(tibia) (pes anserinus) obturator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve adduction of hip, flexion of hip, medial rotation of knee 두덩근(pectineus muscle) superior pubic ramus lesser trochanter, linea aspera Obturator artery femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve flexion adduction of hip 짧은모음근(adductor brevis muscle) anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the 넙다리뼈(femur) obturator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve adduction of hip 긴모음근(adductor longus muscle) pubic body just below the pubic crest middle third of linea aspera obturator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve adduction medial rotation of hip 큰모음근(adductor magnus muscle) tuberosity of the ischium 넙다리뼈(femur) and adductor tubercle of femur obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve adduction of hip === 종아리(아랫다리, leg) === ==== 종아리 앞면 ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 앞정강근(tibialis anterior muscle) body of tibia medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot anterior tibial artery Deep Fibular (peroneal) nerve dorsiflex and invert the foot Fibularis longus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, 뒤정강근(Tibialis posterior muscle) 긴엄지폄근(extensor hallucis longus muscle) middle portion of the 종아리뼈(fibula) on the anterior surface and the interosseous membrane dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the Hallux anterior tibial artery Deep Fibular (peroneal) nerve Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is weak invertor 긴엄지굽힘근(Flexor hallucis longus muscle), 짧은엄지굽힘근(Flexor hallucis brevis muscle) 긴발가락폄근(extensor digitorum longus muscle) Lateral Condyle of tibia and superior of interosseous membrane Middle and Distal phalanges of lateral four digits anterior tibial artery Deep Fibular (peroneal) nerve extension of toes and ankle 긴발가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum longus muscle), 짧은발가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum brevis muscle) 셋째종아리근(Peroneus tertius muscle) distal anterior surface of the 종아리뼈(fibula) dorsal surface of metatarsal anterior tibial artery Deep Fibular (peroneal) nerve dorsi flexes and everts foot ==== 종아리 뒷면 ==== ===== 종아리 표면 ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 triceps surae muscle)'' 발꿈치힘줄(Calcaneal tendon, Achilles tendon), 발꿈치뼈(calcaneus) 뒤정강동맥(posterior tibial artery) 정강신경(tibial nerve) 발을 곧게 muscle) medial and Lateral condyle of the femur calcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2 plantarflexion, flexion of knee (minor) 앞정강근(Tibialis anterior muscle) 가자미근(soleus muscle) 종아리뼈(fibula), medial border of 정강뼈(tibia) (soleal line) tendo calcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 plantarflexion 앞정강근(tibialis anterior muscle) 장딴지빗근(plantaris muscle) lateral supracondylar ridge of 넙다리뼈(femur) above lateral head of gastrocnemius tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon) sural arteries tibial nerve Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee 앞정강근(Tibialis anterior muscle) ===== 종아리 ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 오금근(popliteus muscle) middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle posterior 정강뼈(tibia) under the tibial condyles popliteal artery tibial nerve Medial rotation and flexion of knee 발목굴(tarsal tunnel) hallucis longus) 종아리뼈(fibula), posterior aspect of upper 1/3 base of distal phalanx of hallux Peroneal artery (peroneal branch of the posterior tibial artery tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots flexes all joints of the Hallux, plantar flexion of the ankle joint Extensor hallucis longus muscle 긴발가락굽힘근(flexor digitorum longus muscle) medial 정강뼈(tibia) distal phalanges of lateral four digits posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Primary action is Flex digits 긴발가락폄근(Extensor digitorum longus muscle), digitorum brevis muscle) 뒤정강근(tibialis posterior muscle) 정강뼈(tibia), 종아리뼈(fibula) navicular, medial cuneiform posterior tibial artery tibial nerve inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle 앞정강근(Tibialis anterior muscle) ==== 종아리 옆면 ==== 종아리근(fibularis muscles): 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 긴종아리근(fibularis longus muscle) 종아리뼈(fibula) first metatarsal, medial cuneiform fibular (peroneal) artery superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve plantarflexion, eversion 앞정강근(Tibialis anterior muscle) brevis muscle) 종아리뼈(fibula) fifth metatarsal fibular (peroneal) artery superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve plantarflexion, eversion === === ==== 발등 ==== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 digitorum brevis muscle) calcaneus toes deep peroneal nerve extends digits 2, 3, and 긴발가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum longus muscle), 짧은발가락굽힘근(Flexor digitorum brevis muscle) 짧은엄지폄근(extensor hallucis brevis muscle) calcaneus base of proximal phalanx of hallux deep peroneal nerve Extension of hallux 짧은엄지굽힘근(Flexor hallucis brevis muscle) ==== 발바닥 ==== ===== 첫번째 층(1st layer) ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 엄지벌림근(abductor hallucis muscle) medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit medial plantar nerve abducts hallux 엄지모음근(Adductor hallucis muscle) 짧은발가락굽힘근(flexor digitorum brevis muscle) medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa middle phalanges of digits 2-5 medial plantar nerve flexes lateral four toes 긴발가락폄근(Extensor digitorum longus muscle), digitorum brevis muscle) 새끼벌림근(Abductor digiti minimi muscle) Plantar aponeurosis Fifth toe or Phalanges lateral plantar artery lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) flex and abduct the fifth toe 짧은새끼굽힘근(Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle) ===== 두번째 층(2nd layer) ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 plantae muscle) 발꿈치뼈(Calcaneus_ Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints 벌레근(Lumbrical muscle) tendons of flexor digitorum longus medial aspect of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four digits lateral plantar artery and plantar arch, and four plantar metatarsal arteries lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical) maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints ===== 세번째 층(3rd layer) ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 짧은엄지굽힘근(flexor hallucis brevis muscle) medial plantar nerve flex hallux 긴엄지폄근(Extensor hallucis longus muscle) 엄지모음근(adductor hallucis muscle) lateral plantar nerve adducts hallux 엄지벌림근(Abductor hallucis muscle) 짧은새끼굽힘근(flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle) fifth metatarsal bone phalanx of the fifth toe lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch) extend and adduct the fifth toe 새끼벌림근(Abductor digiti minimi muscle) ===== 네번째 층(4th layer) ===== 근육 Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action 대항근 등쪽뼈사이근(Dorsal interossei muscle) Lateral plantar nerve abduct toes 바닥쪽뼈사이근(Plantar interossei muscles) 바닥쪽뼈사이근(plantar interossei muscles) metatarsals proximal phalanges Lateral plantar nerve adduct toes 등쪽뼈사이근(Dorsal interossei muscle) == 신경 분포(innervation) == == 같이 보기 == 부가적 근육(Accessory muscle) 근육계통 인체골격 인체 목록 인체 혈관 해부학 용어 위치에 대한 해부학 용어 운동에 대한 해부학 용어 근육에 대한 해부학 용어 인체 신경 목록 혈관 순환계통 == 참조 == == 외부 링크 == Tutorial and quizzes on skeletal muscular anatomy Muscles of human body also here) 분류:인체 해부학에 관한 목록 분류:근육