task: metadata: install: pip install -e .[dev]
patch: diff --git a/scrapy/http/response/text.py b/scrapy/http/response/text.py
index 73bb811de..d580a7876 100644
--- a/scrapy/http/response/text.py
+++ b/scrapy/http/response/text.py
@@ -100,11 +100,13 @@ class TextResponse(Response):
     @memoizemethod_noargs
     def _headers_encoding(self):
         content_type = self.headers.get(b"Content-Type", b"")
-        return http_content_type_encoding(to_unicode(content_type))
+        return http_content_type_encoding(to_unicode(content_type, encoding="latin-1"))
 
     def _body_inferred_encoding(self):
         if self._cached_benc is None:
-            content_type = to_unicode(self.headers.get(b"Content-Type", b""))
+            content_type = to_unicode(
+                self.headers.get(b"Content-Type", b""), encoding="latin-1"
+            )
             benc, ubody = html_to_unicode(
                 content_type,
                 self.body,
diff --git a/scrapy/responsetypes.py b/scrapy/responsetypes.py
index f01e9096c..58884f21a 100644
--- a/scrapy/responsetypes.py
+++ b/scrapy/responsetypes.py
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ class ResponseTypes:
         header"""
         if content_encoding:
             return Response
-        mimetype = to_unicode(content_type).split(";")[0].strip().lower()
+        mimetype = (
+            to_unicode(content_type, encoding="latin-1").split(";")[0].strip().lower()
+        )
         return self.from_mimetype(mimetype)
 
     def from_content_disposition(self, content_disposition):

problem_statement: Exception with non-UTF-8 Content-Type
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### Description

I am trying to download a document from the link http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?savertf=&link_id=0&nd=128284801&intelsearch=&firstDoc=1&page=all
Everything works fine in the browser, but when I try to automate this process through scrapy, everything break down.
### Steps to Reproduce

1.Create new spider `scrapy genspider test pravo.gov.ru`
2. Paste code
```
import scrapy


class TestSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "test"
    allowed_domains = ["pravo.gov.ru"]
    start_urls = ["http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/"]

    def parse(self, response):
        yield scrapy.Request(
            self.start_urls[0] + f'?savertf=&link_id=0&nd=128284801&intelsearch=&firstDoc=1&page=all',
            callback=self.test_parse,
            encoding='cp1251') #The same behavior without this line
           

    def test_parse(self, response):
        pass
```

4. run
***OR***
run `scrapy fetch http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?savertf=&link_id=0&nd=128284801&intelsearch=&firstDoc=1&page=all""`
**Expected behavior:** The document on the link is downloaded
**Actual behavior:** 
2023-04-28 00:07:35 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Error downloading <GET http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?savertf=&link_id=0&nd=128284801&intelsearch=&fir
stDoc=1&page=all>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1693, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = context.run(
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\twisted\python\failure.py", line 518, in throwExceptionIntoGenerator
    return g.throw(self.type, self.value, self.tb)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\scrapy\core\downloader\middleware.py", line 52, in process_request
    return (yield download_func(request=request, spider=spider))
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 892, in _runCallbacks
    current.result = callback(  # type: ignore[misc]
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\scrapy\core\downloader\handlers\http11.py", line 501, in _cb_bodydone
    respcls = responsetypes.from_args(headers=headers, url=url, body=result["body"])
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\scrapy\responsetypes.py", line 113, in from_args
    cls = self.from_headers(headers)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\scrapy\responsetypes.py", line 75, in from_headers
    cls = self.from_content_type(
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\scrapy\responsetypes.py", line 55, in from_content_type
    mimetype = to_unicode(content_type).split(";")[0].strip().lower()
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site-packages\scrapy\utils\python.py", line 97, in to_unicode
    return text.decode(encoding, errors)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcf in position 33: invalid continuation byte

**Reproduces how often:** 100% runs

### Versions

Scrapy       : 2.8.0
lxml         : 4.9.2.0
libxml2      : 2.9.12
cssselect    : 1.2.0
parsel       : 1.8.1
w3lib        : 2.1.1
Twisted      : 22.10.0
Python       : 3.10.9 | packaged by Anaconda, Inc. | (main, Mar  1 2023, 18:18:15) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
pyOpenSSL    : 23.1.1 (OpenSSL 3.1.0 14 Mar 2023)
cryptography : 40.0.2
Platform     : Windows-10-10.0.19044-SP0
### Additional context

These documents are encoded in cp1251 encoding, which is clearly indicated in their headers :  
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1251"
The same behavior when trying to save a file using FilesPipeline
repo: scrapy/scrapy
test_cmd: pytest --no-header -rA --tb=line --color=no -p no:cacheprovider -W ignore::DeprecationWarning
test_patch: diff --git a/tests/test_http_response.py b/tests/test_http_response.py
index dbc9f1fef..a05b702aa 100644
--- a/tests/test_http_response.py
+++ b/tests/test_http_response.py
@@ -448,6 +448,13 @@ class TextResponseTest(BaseResponseTest):
             body=codecs.BOM_UTF8 + b"\xc2\xa3",
             headers={"Content-type": ["text/html; charset=cp1251"]},
         )
+        r9 = self.response_class(
+            "http://www.example.com",
+            body=b"\x80",
+            headers={
+                "Content-type": [b"application/x-download; filename=\x80dummy.txt"]
+            },
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(r1._headers_encoding(), "utf-8")
         self.assertEqual(r2._headers_encoding(), None)
@@ -458,9 +465,12 @@ class TextResponseTest(BaseResponseTest):
         self.assertEqual(r4._headers_encoding(), None)
         self.assertEqual(r5._headers_encoding(), None)
         self.assertEqual(r8._headers_encoding(), "cp1251")
+        self.assertEqual(r9._headers_encoding(), None)
         self.assertEqual(r8._declared_encoding(), "utf-8")
+        self.assertEqual(r9._declared_encoding(), None)
         self._assert_response_encoding(r5, "utf-8")
         self._assert_response_encoding(r8, "utf-8")
+        self._assert_response_encoding(r9, "cp1252")
         assert (
             r4._body_inferred_encoding() is not None
             and r4._body_inferred_encoding() != "ascii"
@@ -470,6 +480,7 @@ class TextResponseTest(BaseResponseTest):
         self._assert_response_values(r3, "iso-8859-1", "\xa3")
         self._assert_response_values(r6, "gb18030", "\u2015")
         self._assert_response_values(r7, "gb18030", "\u2015")
+        self._assert_response_values(r9, "cp1252", "€")
 
         # TextResponse (and subclasses) must be passed a encoding when instantiating with unicode bodies
         self.assertRaises(
diff --git a/tests/test_responsetypes.py b/tests/test_responsetypes.py
index 859960518..6e1ed82f0 100644
--- a/tests/test_responsetypes.py
+++ b/tests/test_responsetypes.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class ResponseTypesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ("application/octet-stream", Response),
             ("application/x-json; encoding=UTF8;charset=UTF-8", TextResponse),
             ("application/json-amazonui-streaming;charset=UTF-8", TextResponse),
+            (b"application/x-download; filename=\x80dummy.txt", Response),
         ]
         for source, cls in mappings:
             retcls = responsetypes.from_content_type(source)