In a game two players take turns tossing a fair coin; the winner is the first one to toss a head. The probability that the player who makes the first toss wins the game is
(A) 1/4
(B) 1/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 2/3

Question: In a game two players take turns tossing a fair coin; the winner is the first one to toss a head. The probability that the player who makes the first toss wins the game is

Answer:
(A) 1/4
(B) 1/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 2/3


Let P be a procedure that for some inputs calls itself (i.e., is recursive). If P is guaranteed to terminate, which of the following statements must be true?
I. P has a local variable.
II. P has an execution path where it does not call itself.
III. P either refers to a global variable or has at least one parameter.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only

Question:
Let P be a procedure that for some inputs calls itself (i.e., is recursive). If P is guaranteed to terminate, which of the following statements must be true?
I. P has a local variable.
II. P has an execution path where it does not call itself.
III. P either refers to a global variable or has at least one parameter.

Answer:
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only


This question refers to the following information.
I walk alongside the column, ask what's going on.
A soldier says simply: "They call up more every day.
"Some of us were sent north to the Yellow River at age fifteen,
And now at forty we're heading off to the garrisons in the west.
On our first tour, the village headman had to tie our bandannas for us.
When we came back, our hair was white, but still there's more unrest.
The frontier garrisons run with blood, enough to fill an ocean,
But the Martial Emperor's territorial ambitions have yet to crest.
In the hundred districts east of the mountains, throughout the land of Han,
There must be ten thousand villages that brambles now infest.
Even if wives are strong enough to handle a hoe and plow,
The crops grow every which way, the fields are all a mess.
It's hardest for the Shanxi men, with their reputations as fighters:
They're rounded up like dogs or chickens, every male impressed.
"But sir, though it's good of you to ask,
Complaining isn't part of the soldier's task.
We can only shake our heads. Take this winter:
The Shanxi troops were never sent home.
The District Officers are demanding the land tax,
But where will it come from? You can't get blood from a stone!
I honestly think it's bad luck to bear a son now,
It's better to have a daughter: at least she can marry
And live with the neighbors next door.
But a son will end up lying on some distant prairie."
Du Fu, "Ballad of the Army Carts," ca. 750 C.E.
Which of the following does the poem provide direct evidence for in its discussion of taxation in the third stanza?
(A) The Tang Dynasty's strong bureaucracy at the local level
(B) The Tang Dynasty's large, standing professional army with no need of conscription
(C) Relatively advanced Tang agricultural technologies
(D) The relatively high level of urbanization in Tang China

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
I walk alongside the column, ask what's going on.
A soldier says simply: "They call up more every day.
"Some of us were sent north to the Yellow River at age fifteen,
And now at forty we're heading off to the garrisons in the west.
On our first tour, the village headman had to tie our bandannas for us.
When we came back, our hair was white, but still there's more unrest.
The frontier garrisons run with blood, enough to fill an ocean,
But the Martial Emperor's territorial ambitions have yet to crest.
In the hundred districts east of the mountains, throughout the land of Han,
There must be ten thousand villages that brambles now infest.
Even if wives are strong enough to handle a hoe and plow,
The crops grow every which way, the fields are all a mess.
It's hardest for the Shanxi men, with their reputations as fighters:
They're rounded up like dogs or chickens, every male impressed.
"But sir, though it's good of you to ask,
Complaining isn't part of the soldier's task.
We can only shake our heads. Take this winter:
The Shanxi troops were never sent home.
The District Officers are demanding the land tax,
But where will it come from? You can't get blood from a stone!
I honestly think it's bad luck to bear a son now,
It's better to have a daughter: at least she can marry
And live with the neighbors next door.
But a son will end up lying on some distant prairie."
Du Fu, "Ballad of the Army Carts," ca. 750 C.E.
Which of the following does the poem provide direct evidence for in its discussion of taxation in the third stanza?

The Tang Dynasty's strong bureaucracy at the local level

The Tang Dynasty's large, standing professional army with no need of conscription

Relatively advanced Tang agricultural technologies

The relatively high level of urbanization in Tang China

Answer:
(A) The Tang Dynasty's strong bureaucracy at the local level
(B) The Tang Dynasty's large, standing professional army with no need of conscription
(C) Relatively advanced Tang agricultural technologies
(D) The relatively high level of urbanization in Tang China


Which of the following statements about a remote procedure call is true?
(A) It is used to call procedures with addresses that are farther than 2^16 bytes away.
(B) It cannot return a value.
(C) It cannot pass parameters by reference.
(D) It cannot call procedures implemented in a different language.

Question: Which of the following statements about a remote procedure call is true?

It is used to call procedures with addresses that are farther than 2^16 bytes away.

It cannot call procedures implemented in a different language.

Answer:
(A) It is used to call procedures with addresses that are farther than 2^16 bytes away.
(B) It cannot return a value.
(C) It cannot pass parameters by reference.
(D) It cannot call procedures implemented in a different language.


A company is interested in comparing the mean sales revenue per salesperson at two different locations. The manager takes a random sample of 10 salespeople from each location independently and records the sales revenue generated by each person during the last four weeks. He decides to use a t-test to compare the mean sales revenue at the two locations. Which of the following assumptions is necessary for the validity of the t-test?
(A) The population standard deviations at both locations are equal.
(B) The population standard deviations at both locations are not equal.
(C) The population standard deviations at both locations are known.
(D) The population of the sales records at each location is normally distributed.

Question: A company is interested in comparing the mean sales revenue per salesperson at two different locations. The manager takes a random sample of 10 salespeople from each location independently and records the sales revenue generated by each person during the last four weeks. He decides to use a t-test to compare the mean sales revenue at the two locations. Which of the following assumptions is necessary for the validity of the t-test?

The population standard deviations at both locations are equal.

The population standard deviations at both locations are not equal.

The population standard deviations at both locations are known.

The population of the sales records at each location is normally distributed.

Answer:
(A) The population standard deviations at both locations are equal.
(B) The population standard deviations at both locations are not equal.
(C) The population standard deviations at both locations are known.
(D) The population of the sales records at each location is normally distributed.


The limbic system plays an important role in
(A) maintaining balance.
(B) regulating emotion.
(C) monitoring arousal.
(D) processing sensory information.

Question: The limbic system plays an important role in

Answer:
(A) maintaining balance.
(B) regulating emotion.
(C) monitoring arousal.
(D) processing sensory information.


A 16-year-old high school student, whose prenatal course you have managed, delivers a 3256-g (7-lb 3-oz) baby girl during the night with the assistance of your associate. On morning rounds you note that the delivery records report that she had mildly elevated blood pressure during labor and sustained an estimated third-stage blood loss of 500 mL. Today blood pressure is 132/84 mm Hg, she is afebrile, and deep tendon reflexes are normal. The uterine fundus is firm and at the level of the umbilicus, and her perineum is slightly edematous. Hematocrit is 33%. She is cuddling her infant and normal bonding seems to be occurring. Which of the following is the most important next step in management?
(A) Begin oral methyldopa
(B) Institute fundal massage
(C) Order daily sitz baths
(D) Provide education for well-baby care

Question: A 16-year-old high school student, whose prenatal course you have managed, delivers a 3256-g (7-lb 3-oz) baby girl during the night with the assistance of your associate. On morning rounds you note that the delivery records report that she had mildly elevated blood pressure during labor and sustained an estimated third-stage blood loss of 500 mL. Today blood pressure is 132/84 mm Hg, she is afebrile, and deep tendon reflexes are normal. The uterine fundus is firm and at the level of the umbilicus, and her perineum is slightly edematous. Hematocrit is 33%. She is cuddling her infant and normal bonding seems to be occurring. Which of the following is the most important next step in management?

Answer:
(A) Begin oral methyldopa
(B) Institute fundal massage
(C) Order daily sitz baths
(D) Provide education for well-baby care


This question refers to the following information.
The pair of excerpts below is written by explorer Christopher Columbus and the Dominican Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, Bartholomew de las Casas.
Source 1
Indians would give whatever the seller required. . . . Thus they bartered, like idiots, cotton and gold for fragments of bows, glasses, bottles, and jars; which I forbad as being unjust, and myself gave them many beautiful and acceptable articles which I had brought with me, taking nothing from them in return; I did this in order that I might the more easily conciliate them, that they might be led to become Christians, and be inclined to entertain a regard for the King and Queen, our Princes and all Spaniards, and that I might induce them to take an interest in seeking out, and collecting and delivering to us such things as they possessed in abundance, but which we greatly needed.
—Christopher Columbus: letter to Raphael Sanchez, 1493
Source 2
It was upon these gentle lambs . . . that from the very first day they clapped eyes on them the Spanish fell like ravening wolves upon the fold, or like tigers and savage lions who have not eaten meat for days. The pattern established at the outset has remained unchanged to this day, and the Spaniards still do nothing save tear the natives to shreds, murder them and inflict upon them untold misery, suffering and distress, tormenting, harrying and persecuting them mercilessly. We shall in due course describe some of the many ingenious methods of torture they have invented and refined for this purpose, but one can get some idea of the effectiveness of their methods from the figures alone. When the Spanish first journeyed there, the indigenous population of the island of Hispaniola stood at some three million; today only two hundred survive. Their reason for killing and destroying such an infinite number of souls is that the Christians have an ultimate aim, which is to acquire gold, and to swell themselves with riches in a very brief time and thus rise to a high estate disproportionate to their merits.
—Bartholomew de las Casas: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1542
Which of the following motives for exploration is de las Casas most likely to think is most important in Source 2?
(A) Converting the natives to Christianity
(B) Financial gain
(C) Personal glory
(D) Finding new mates

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
The pair of excerpts below is written by explorer Christopher Columbus and the Dominican Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, Bartholomew de las Casas.
Source 1
Indians would give whatever the seller required. . . . Thus they bartered, like idiots, cotton and gold for fragments of bows, glasses, bottles, and jars; which I forbad as being unjust, and myself gave them many beautiful and acceptable articles which I had brought with me, taking nothing from them in return; I did this in order that I might the more easily conciliate them, that they might be led to become Christians, and be inclined to entertain a regard for the King and Queen, our Princes and all Spaniards, and that I might induce them to take an interest in seeking out, and collecting and delivering to us such things as they possessed in abundance, but which we greatly needed.
—Christopher Columbus: letter to Raphael Sanchez, 1493
Source 2
It was upon these gentle lambs . . . that from the very first day they clapped eyes on them the Spanish fell like ravening wolves upon the fold, or like tigers and savage lions who have not eaten meat for days. The pattern established at the outset has remained unchanged to this day, and the Spaniards still do nothing save tear the natives to shreds, murder them and inflict upon them untold misery, suffering and distress, tormenting, harrying and persecuting them mercilessly. We shall in due course describe some of the many ingenious methods of torture they have invented and refined for this purpose, but one can get some idea of the effectiveness of their methods from the figures alone. When the Spanish first journeyed there, the indigenous population of the island of Hispaniola stood at some three million; today only two hundred survive. Their reason for killing and destroying such an infinite number of souls is that the Christians have an ultimate aim, which is to acquire gold, and to swell themselves with riches in a very brief time and thus rise to a high estate disproportionate to their merits.
—Bartholomew de las Casas: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1542
Which of the following motives for exploration is de las Casas most likely to think is most important in Source 2?

Answer:
(A) Converting the natives to Christianity
(B) Financial gain
(C) Personal glory
(D) Finding new mates


____________ refers to a strategic process involving stakeholder assessment to create long-term relationships with customers, while maintaining, supporting, and enhancing the natural environment.
(A) Eco-strategy
(B) Green Marketing
(C) Superfund reauthorization
(D) Recycle and reprocess management

Question: ____________ refers to a strategic process involving stakeholder assessment to create long-term relationships with customers, while maintaining, supporting, and enhancing the natural environment.

Answer:
(A) Eco-strategy
(B) Green Marketing
(C) Superfund reauthorization
(D) Recycle and reprocess management


For Kernel Regression, which one of these structural assumptions is the one that most affects the trade-off between underfitting and overfitting:
(A) Whether kernel function is Gaussian versus triangular versus box-shaped
(B) Whether we use Euclidian versus L1 versus L∞ metrics
(C) The kernel width
(D) The maximum height of the kernel function

Question: For Kernel Regression, which one of these structural assumptions is the one that most affects the trade-off between underfitting and overfitting:

Whether kernel function is Gaussian versus triangular versus box-shaped

Whether we use Euclidian versus L1 versus L∞ metrics

The maximum height of the kernel function

Answer:
(A) Whether kernel function is Gaussian versus triangular versus box-shaped
(B) Whether we use Euclidian versus L1 versus L∞ metrics
(C) The kernel width
(D) The maximum height of the kernel function


For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | No glass containers are allowed at the beach, so I make sure to put plastic bottles in my covered cooler. Scenario 2 | I fed the crow some moldy food from the trash.
(A) Wrong, Wrong
(B) Wrong, Not wrong
(C) Not wrong, Wrong
(D) Not wrong, Not wrong

Question: For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | No glass containers are allowed at the beach, so I make sure to put plastic bottles in my covered cooler. Scenario 2 | I fed the crow some moldy food from the trash.

Answer:
(A) Wrong, Wrong
(B) Wrong, Not wrong
(C) Not wrong, Wrong
(D) Not wrong, Not wrong


At 20°C, a pipe open at both ends resonates at a frequency of 440 hertz. At what frequency does the same pipe resonate on a particularly cold day when the speed of sound is 3 percent lower than it would be at 20°C ?
(A) 414 Hz
(B) 427 Hz
(C) 433 Hz
(D) 440 Hz

Question: At 20°C, a pipe open at both ends resonates at a frequency of 440 hertz. At what frequency does the same pipe resonate on a particularly cold day when the speed of sound is 3 percent lower than it would be at 20°C ?

Answer:
(A) 414 Hz
(B) 427 Hz
(C) 433 Hz
(D) 440 Hz


This question refers to the following information.
"Article 1
The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international dispute in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered, and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.
"Article 2
The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between any or all of them.
"Article 3
In order more effectively to achieve the objectives of this Treaty, the Parties, separately and jointly, by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid, will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack…
"Article 5
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area."
North Atlantic Treaty, April 4, 1949
The North Atlantic Treaty in the passage above most clearly supports which of the following concepts?
(A) Capitalism
(B) Collective defense
(C) Mutually assured destruction
(D) Communism

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
"Article 1
The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international dispute in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered, and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.
"Article 2
The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between any or all of them.
"Article 3
In order more effectively to achieve the objectives of this Treaty, the Parties, separately and jointly, by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid, will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack…
"Article 5
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area."
North Atlantic Treaty, April 4, 1949
The North Atlantic Treaty in the passage above most clearly supports which of the following concepts?

Answer:
(A) Capitalism
(B) Collective defense
(C) Mutually assured destruction
(D) Communism


Calculate the Larmor frequency for a proton in a magnetic field of 1 T.
(A) 23.56 GHz
(B) 42.58 MHz
(C) 74.34 kHz
(D) 13.93 MHz

Question: Calculate the Larmor frequency for a proton in a magnetic field of 1 T.

Answer:
(A) 23.56 GHz
(B) 42.58 MHz
(C) 74.34 kHz
(D) 13.93 MHz


Rawls claims that students with fewer native assets (such as intelligence) should be given:
(A) more attention and resources than those with more native assets.
(B) the same level of attention and resources as those with more native assets.
(C) less attention and fewer resources than those with more native assets.
(D) virtually no educational resources.

Question: Rawls claims that students with fewer native assets (such as intelligence) should be given:

more attention and resources than those with more native assets.

the same level of attention and resources as those with more native assets.

less attention and fewer resources than those with more native assets.

Answer:
(A) more attention and resources than those with more native assets.
(B) the same level of attention and resources as those with more native assets.
(C) less attention and fewer resources than those with more native assets.
(D) virtually no educational resources.


Which of the following are harmed by unexpectedly high rates of inflation?
(A) Borrowers repaying a long-term loan at a fixed interest rate.
(B) Savers who have put their money in long-term assets that pay a fixed interest rate.
(C) Workers who have negotiated cost-of-living raises into their contracts.
(D) Renters of apartments who have signed a lease that holds rent constant for two years.

Question: Which of the following are harmed by unexpectedly high rates of inflation?

Borrowers repaying a long-term loan at a fixed interest rate.

Savers who have put their money in long-term assets that pay a fixed interest rate.

Workers who have negotiated cost-of-living raises into their contracts.

Renters of apartments who have signed a lease that holds rent constant for two years.

Answer:
(A) Borrowers repaying a long-term loan at a fixed interest rate.
(B) Savers who have put their money in long-term assets that pay a fixed interest rate.
(C) Workers who have negotiated cost-of-living raises into their contracts.
(D) Renters of apartments who have signed a lease that holds rent constant for two years.


What two elements do the planning models of Hendrix (2002), Kendall (1999), Merston (1963) and Parkinson and Ekachai (2006) have in common?
(A) Research and evaluation
(B) Strategy and evaluation
(C) Strategy and implementation
(D) Objectives and implementation

Question: What two elements do the planning models of Hendrix (2002), Kendall (1999), Merston (1963) and Parkinson and Ekachai (2006) have in common?

Answer:
(A) Research and evaluation
(B) Strategy and evaluation
(C) Strategy and implementation
(D) Objectives and implementation


According to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model, the ______ consists of interactions between elements of the microsystem (e.g., between the family and the school).
(A) mesosystem
(B) exosystem
(C) macrosystem
(D) endosystem

Question: According to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model, the ______ consists of interactions between elements of the microsystem (e.g., between the family and the school).

Answer:
(A) mesosystem
(B) exosystem
(C) macrosystem
(D) endosystem


Which of the following is most useful in establishing cause-and-effect relationships?
(A) A complete census
(B) A least squares regression line showing high correlation
(C) A simple random sample (SRS)
(D) An experiment

Question: Which of the following is most useful in establishing cause-and-effect relationships?

A least squares regression line showing high correlation

Answer:
(A) A complete census
(B) A least squares regression line showing high correlation
(C) A simple random sample (SRS)
(D) An experiment


Felton Farm Supplies, Inc., has an 8 percent return on total assets of $300,000 and a net profit margin of 5 percent. What are its sales?
(A) $3,750,000.00
(B) $480,000
(C) $300,000
(D) $1,500,000

Question: Felton Farm Supplies, Inc., has an 8 percent return on total assets of $300,000 and a net profit margin of 5 percent. What are its sales?

Answer:
(A) $3,750,000.00
(B) $480,000
(C) $300,000
(D) $1,500,000


Which pair of expressions below are equivalent?
(A) 7(2x) and 9x
(B) 3x + 5x and 15x
(C) 4(2x — 6) and 8x — 24
(D) x+x+x+x and x^4

Question: Which pair of expressions below are equivalent?

Answer:
(A) 7(2x) and 9x
(B) 3x + 5x and 15x
(C) 4(2x — 6) and 8x — 24
(D) x+x+x+x and x^4


The Barr body found within female mammalian cells' nuclei is an example of
(A) euchromatin
(B) heterochromatin
(C) a cistron
(D) pseudogenes

Question: The Barr body found within female mammalian cells' nuclei is an example of

Answer:
(A) euchromatin
(B) heterochromatin
(C) a cistron
(D) pseudogenes


Cultural homogenization.
(A) 1,3,4
(B) 1,2,3
(C) 1,2,3,4
(D) 2,3,4

Question: Cultural homogenization.

Answer:
(A) 1,3,4
(B) 1,2,3
(C) 1,2,3,4
(D) 2,3,4


What was the Clinton Administration's policy on the Russian economy?
(A) The US inhibited the marketization of the Russian economy
(B) The US promoted the marketization of the Russian economy
(C) The US supported public ownership of natural resources
(D) None, the US was only concerned with security issues

Question: What was the Clinton Administration's policy on the Russian economy?

The US inhibited the marketization of the Russian economy

The US promoted the marketization of the Russian economy

The US supported public ownership of natural resources

None, the US was only concerned with security issues

Answer:
(A) The US inhibited the marketization of the Russian economy
(B) The US promoted the marketization of the Russian economy
(C) The US supported public ownership of natural resources
(D) None, the US was only concerned with security issues


Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?
(A) All organisms require energy.
(B) All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.
(C) All organisms reproduce.
(D) All organisms show heritable variation.

Question: Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?

All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.

Answer:
(A) All organisms require energy.
(B) All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.
(C) All organisms reproduce.
(D) All organisms show heritable variation.


The relative stability of American public policy is achieved largely through
(A) cooperation between the two major political parties
(B) judicial activism
(C) the constitutional fragmentation of power
(D) affirmative action programs

Question: The relative stability of American public policy is achieved largely through

cooperation between the two major political parties

the constitutional fragmentation of power

Answer:
(A) cooperation between the two major political parties
(B) judicial activism
(C) the constitutional fragmentation of power
(D) affirmative action programs


Which of the following is lower for argon than for neon?
(A) Melting point
(B) Boiling point
(C) Polarizability
(D) First ionization energy

Question: Which of the following is lower for argon than for neon?

Answer:
(A) Melting point
(B) Boiling point
(C) Polarizability
(D) First ionization energy


The reaction of Br2(g) with Cl2(g) to form BrCl(g) has an equilibrium constant of 15.0 at a certain temperature. If 10.0 grams of BrCl is initially present in a 15.0-liter reaction vessel, what will the concentration of BrCl be at equilibrium?
(A) 3.8 × 10^-3 mol/L
(B) 5.77 × 10^-3 mol/L
(C) 1.97 × 10^-3 M
(D) 9.9 × 10^-4 M

Question: The reaction of Br2(g) with Cl2(g) to form BrCl(g) has an equilibrium constant of 15.0 at a certain temperature. If 10.0 grams of BrCl is initially present in a 15.0-liter reaction vessel, what will the concentration of BrCl be at equilibrium?

Answer:
(A) 3.8 × 10^-3 mol/L
(B) 5.77 × 10^-3 mol/L
(C) 1.97 × 10^-3 M
(D) 9.9 × 10^-4 M


Consider a segment of length 10. Points A and B are chosen randomly such that A and B divide the segment into three smaller segments. What is the probability that the three smaller segments could form the sides of a triangle?
(A) 0
(B) 10%
(C) 25%
(D) 50%

Question: Consider a segment of length 10. Points A and B are chosen randomly such that A and B divide the segment into three smaller segments. What is the probability that the three smaller segments could form the sides of a triangle?

Answer:
(A) 0
(B) 10%
(C) 25%
(D) 50%


This question refers to the following information.
"When the gods fashioned Gilgamesh*, to him they gave a perfect form. The glorious sun Shamash bestowed upon him glory; Adad the terrible god of storms bestowed upon him courage. The great gods perfected his magnificence beyond all others, terrible like the great wild bull. Two thirds god they made him; one third man they made him.
Of Uruk, its great rampart he built, and the wall of the sacred Eanna temple, the holy sanctuary. Behold the outer walls which gleam with the brilliance of copper; see the inner wall which none might rival. Touch the threshold stone—it is from ancient days. Goest thou into the Eanna temple, yea, the dwelling place of Ishtar, the like of which no subsequent king or living man might equal. Ascend and walk about on the wall of Uruk, inspect the corner-stone, and examine its brick-work, whether its wall is not made of burned brick, and its foundation laid by the Seven Sages. One third for city, one third for garden, one third for field, and a precinct for the temple of Ishtar. These parts and the precinct comprise Uruk."
The Epic of Gilgamesh, ca. 2100 B.C.E.
*Gilgamesh was a king of Uruk.
The description of Gilgamesh in the first paragraph of the passage most directly supports which of the following statements about ancient leaders?
(A) Ancient leaders were valued for their mastery of complicated legal codes.
(B) Ancient leaders were expected to be experts of animal husbandry.
(C) Ancient leaders were given divine origins to bolster their legitimacy.
(D) Ancient leaders were not judged on their appearances.

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
"When the gods fashioned Gilgamesh*, to him they gave a perfect form. The glorious sun Shamash bestowed upon him glory; Adad the terrible god of storms bestowed upon him courage. The great gods perfected his magnificence beyond all others, terrible like the great wild bull. Two thirds god they made him; one third man they made him.
Of Uruk, its great rampart he built, and the wall of the sacred Eanna temple, the holy sanctuary. Behold the outer walls which gleam with the brilliance of copper; see the inner wall which none might rival. Touch the threshold stone—it is from ancient days. Goest thou into the Eanna temple, yea, the dwelling place of Ishtar, the like of which no subsequent king or living man might equal. Ascend and walk about on the wall of Uruk, inspect the corner-stone, and examine its brick-work, whether its wall is not made of burned brick, and its foundation laid by the Seven Sages. One third for city, one third for garden, one third for field, and a precinct for the temple of Ishtar. These parts and the precinct comprise Uruk."
The Epic of Gilgamesh, ca. 2100 B.C.E.
*Gilgamesh was a king of Uruk.
The description of Gilgamesh in the first paragraph of the passage most directly supports which of the following statements about ancient leaders?

Ancient leaders were valued for their mastery of complicated legal codes.

Ancient leaders were expected to be experts of animal husbandry.

Ancient leaders were given divine origins to bolster their legitimacy.

Ancient leaders were not judged on their appearances.

Answer:
(A) Ancient leaders were valued for their mastery of complicated legal codes.
(B) Ancient leaders were expected to be experts of animal husbandry.
(C) Ancient leaders were given divine origins to bolster their legitimacy.
(D) Ancient leaders were not judged on their appearances.


In a postindustrial economy, which of the following resources is considered most important to increase productivity?
(A) Energy
(B) Labor
(C) Information
(D) Specialization

Question: In a postindustrial economy, which of the following resources is considered most important to increase productivity?

Answer:
(A) Energy
(B) Labor
(C) Information
(D) Specialization


Statement 1| L2 regularization of linear models tends to make models more sparse than L1 regularization. Statement 2| Residual connections can be found in ResNets and Transformers.
(A) True, True
(B) False, False
(C) True, False
(D) False, True

Question: Statement 1| L2 regularization of linear models tends to make models more sparse than L1 regularization. Statement 2| Residual connections can be found in ResNets and Transformers.

Answer:
(A) True, True
(B) False, False
(C) True, False
(D) False, True


Which of the following statements is true within the postcolonial approach?
(A) The international system is shaped through colonised discourse that establishes notions of certain states as inferior to others.
(B) European practices of free trade and democracy are best suited to creating a peaceful and stable international system.
(C) With the end of the Second World War and gradual dissolution of the British Empire, much of postcolonialism is redundant.
(D) Colonial power exists only through the military actions of occupying states.

Question: Which of the following statements is true within the postcolonial approach?

The international system is shaped through colonised discourse that establishes notions of certain states as inferior to others.

European practices of free trade and democracy are best suited to creating a peaceful and stable international system.

With the end of the Second World War and gradual dissolution of the British Empire, much of postcolonialism is redundant.

Colonial power exists only through the military actions of occupying states.

Answer:
(A) The international system is shaped through colonised discourse that establishes notions of certain states as inferior to others.
(B) European practices of free trade and democracy are best suited to creating a peaceful and stable international system.
(C) With the end of the Second World War and gradual dissolution of the British Empire, much of postcolonialism is redundant.
(D) Colonial power exists only through the military actions of occupying states.


Which of the following statements is (are) true? I. In order to use a χ2 procedure, the expected value for each cell of a one- or two-way table must be at least 5. II. In order to use χ2 procedures, you must have at least 2 degrees of freedom. III. In a 4 × 2 two-way table, the number of degrees of freedom is 3.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) I and II only
(D) III only

Question: Which of the following statements is (are) true? I. In order to use a χ2 procedure, the expected value for each cell of a one- or two-way table must be at least 5. II. In order to use χ2 procedures, you must have at least 2 degrees of freedom. III. In a 4 × 2 two-way table, the number of degrees of freedom is 3.

Answer:
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) I and II only
(D) III only


Which of the following are alternative names for the dependent variable (usually denoted by y) in linear regression analysis?

(i) The regressand

(ii) The regressor

(iii) The explained variable

(iv) The explanatory variable
(A) (ii) and (iv) only
(B) (i) and (iii) only
(C) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
(D) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)

Question:
Which of the following are alternative names for the dependent variable (usually denoted by y) in linear regression analysis?

(i) The regressand

(ii) The regressor

(iii) The explained variable

(iv) The explanatory variable

Answer:
(A) (ii) and (iv) only
(B) (i) and (iii) only
(C) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
(D) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)


This question refers to the following information.
"The question, therefore, should be quickly settled, whether free colored persons, born and naturalized in this country, are not American citizens, and justly entitled to all the rights, privileges and immunities of citizens of the several states; and whether the Constitution of the United States makes or authorizes any invidious distinction with regard to the color or condition of free inhabitants.
"For myself, I have not the shadow of doubt on the subject. I believe that the rights of the free colored persons need only to be vindicated before the U.S. Supreme Court, to be obtained; that no prejudice or sophistry . . . can prevent their acknowledgement . . . and that the present laws, affecting your condition, are clearly unconstitutional. The fact that you have been treated, by common consent and common usage, as aliens and brutes, is not proof that such treatment is legal, but only shows the strength, the bitterness, and the blindness of prejudice."
—William Lloyd Garrison, "To the Free People of Color of the United States," The Liberator, January 15, 1831
The reform that William Lloyd Garrison is advocating in the passage was later enacted as a result of the
(A) issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).
(B) passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
(C) ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868).
(D) passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
"The question, therefore, should be quickly settled, whether free colored persons, born and naturalized in this country, are not American citizens, and justly entitled to all the rights, privileges and immunities of citizens of the several states; and whether the Constitution of the United States makes or authorizes any invidious distinction with regard to the color or condition of free inhabitants.
"For myself, I have not the shadow of doubt on the subject. I believe that the rights of the free colored persons need only to be vindicated before the U.S. Supreme Court, to be obtained; that no prejudice or sophistry . . . can prevent their acknowledgement . . . and that the present laws, affecting your condition, are clearly unconstitutional. The fact that you have been treated, by common consent and common usage, as aliens and brutes, is not proof that such treatment is legal, but only shows the strength, the bitterness, and the blindness of prejudice."
—William Lloyd Garrison, "To the Free People of Color of the United States," The Liberator, January 15, 1831
The reform that William Lloyd Garrison is advocating in the passage was later enacted as a result of the

issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).

passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867.

ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868).

passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

Answer:
(A) issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).
(B) passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
(C) ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868).
(D) passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875.


The probability that there will be an accident on Highway 48 each day depends on the weather. If the weather is dry that day, there is a 0.2% chance of an accident on Highway 48; if the weather is wet that day, there is a 1.0% chance of an accident. Today, the weather station announced that there is a 20% chance of the weather being wet. What is the probability that there will be an accident on Highway 48 today?
(A) 0.0004
(B) 0.0016
(C) 0.002
(D) 0.0036

Question: The probability that there will be an accident on Highway 48 each day depends on the weather. If the weather is dry that day, there is a 0.2% chance of an accident on Highway 48; if the weather is wet that day, there is a 1.0% chance of an accident. Today, the weather station announced that there is a 20% chance of the weather being wet. What is the probability that there will be an accident on Highway 48 today?

Answer:
(A) 0.0004
(B) 0.0016
(C) 0.002
(D) 0.0036


At the time of independence, there were already hundreds of thousands of university graduates in ____, but hardly any at all in ____.
(A) India, Congo
(B) India, South Korea
(C) Congo, South Korea
(D) South Korea, India

Question: At the time of independence, there were already hundreds of thousands of university graduates in ____, but hardly any at all in ____.

Answer:
(A) India, Congo
(B) India, South Korea
(C) Congo, South Korea
(D) South Korea, India


What, according to Systemic theories, is the primary determinant of a state's foreign policy?
(A) The character of a state's leader
(B) The distribution of power in the international system
(C) The distribution of power within a state's governmental system
(D) A state's political ideology

Question: What, according to Systemic theories, is the primary determinant of a state's foreign policy?

The distribution of power in the international system

The distribution of power within a state's governmental system

Answer:
(A) The character of a state's leader
(B) The distribution of power in the international system
(C) The distribution of power within a state's governmental system
(D) A state's political ideology


This question refers to the following information.
"His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees, that British subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purposes of carrying on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint Superintendents, or Consular officers, to reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to see that the just duties and other dues of the Chinese Government, as hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty's subjects."
Treaty of Nanjing, 1839
The concessions offered in this treaty most directly created British
(A) colonies
(B) spheres of influence
(C) protectorates
(D) businesses

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
"His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees, that British subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purposes of carrying on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint Superintendents, or Consular officers, to reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to see that the just duties and other dues of the Chinese Government, as hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty's subjects."
Treaty of Nanjing, 1839
The concessions offered in this treaty most directly created British

Answer:
(A) colonies
(B) spheres of influence
(C) protectorates
(D) businesses


Public health ethics is:
(A) Patient-centered
(B) Population-centered
(C) Subject-centered
(D) Must respect the rights of individuals

Question: Public health ethics is:

Answer:
(A) Patient-centered
(B) Population-centered
(C) Subject-centered
(D) Must respect the rights of individuals


Children who are still sucking their thumbs when they enter kindergarten are often subject to teasing and ridicule for this behavior. What type of social sanction is applied in this instance?
(A) Formal positive sanction
(B) Formal negative sanction
(C) Informal positive sanction
(D) Informal negative sanction

Question: Children who are still sucking their thumbs when they enter kindergarten are often subject to teasing and ridicule for this behavior. What type of social sanction is applied in this instance?

Answer:
(A) Formal positive sanction
(B) Formal negative sanction
(C) Informal positive sanction
(D) Informal negative sanction


Ferns undergo alternation of generations in which a
(A) dominant sporophyte alternates with an independent gametophyte
(B) dominant gametophyte alternates with a dependent sporophyte
(C) sporophyte and a gametophyte have equal life spans
(D) gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis

Question: Ferns undergo alternation of generations in which a

dominant sporophyte alternates with an independent gametophyte

dominant gametophyte alternates with a dependent sporophyte

sporophyte and a gametophyte have equal life spans

Answer:
(A) dominant sporophyte alternates with an independent gametophyte
(B) dominant gametophyte alternates with a dependent sporophyte
(C) sporophyte and a gametophyte have equal life spans
(D) gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis


A 40-year-old female secretary comes to the office because of a 2-month history of fatigue, and generalized aching and weakness of the proximal muscles of all four extremities. The patient initially noticed the weakness only while she was getting in and out of her car, but during the past 2 weeks, the weakness has progressed, so that she now has difficulty combing her hair. Since the symptoms began, she also has had aching of the joints in her hands that has responded partially to ibuprofen. She was adopted and family history is unknown. She has two teenaged children who are well. She appears uncomfortable. She is 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall and weighs 68 kg(150 lb); BMI is 24 kg/m2 . Vital signs are temperature 37.7°C (99.8°F), pulse 90/min, respirations 20/min, and blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg. The patient is alert and fully oriented. Physical examination discloses cracking of the skin of both hands that involves the tips and lateral sides of several fingers. The muscles of the upper arms and legs are somewhat tender to pressure. Results of serum laboratory studies show a creatine kinase concentration of 600 U/L and a lactate dehydrogenase concentration of 800 U/L. Results of complete blood count are within the reference ranges. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Fibromyalgia
(B) Myasthenia gravis
(C) Polymyositis
(D) Scleroderma

Question: A 40-year-old female secretary comes to the office because of a 2-month history of fatigue, and generalized aching and weakness of the proximal muscles of all four extremities. The patient initially noticed the weakness only while she was getting in and out of her car, but during the past 2 weeks, the weakness has progressed, so that she now has difficulty combing her hair. Since the symptoms began, she also has had aching of the joints in her hands that has responded partially to ibuprofen. She was adopted and family history is unknown. She has two teenaged children who are well. She appears uncomfortable. She is 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall and weighs 68 kg(150 lb); BMI is 24 kg/m2 . Vital signs are temperature 37.7°C (99.8°F), pulse 90/min, respirations 20/min, and blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg. The patient is alert and fully oriented. Physical examination discloses cracking of the skin of both hands that involves the tips and lateral sides of several fingers. The muscles of the upper arms and legs are somewhat tender to pressure. Results of serum laboratory studies show a creatine kinase concentration of 600 U/L and a lactate dehydrogenase concentration of 800 U/L. Results of complete blood count are within the reference ranges. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer:
(A) Fibromyalgia
(B) Myasthenia gravis
(C) Polymyositis
(D) Scleroderma


Has TNC become a national security threat?
(A) Transnational crime is regarded as a threat to economic development. Organized crime is seen as a threat to development insofar as it undermines the rule of law and deters foreign investment by increasing the level of insecurity in the host communities. Additionally, criminals often reinvest their proceeds in the legal economy and have unfair advantage through access to cheap capital and their ability to intimidate commercial adversaries. In societies with high levels of TNC, legitimate investors are often reluctant to commit resources.
(B) TNC undermines democratic stability. In many states, transnational criminal enterprises have taken advantage of the instability that has accompanied the democratic transitions to post communist societies, using their influence in the upper reaches of the state and thus shielding themselves from law enforcement. The corruption of public institutions and the perceived inefficacy of the rule of law in new democracies contribute to undermining public confidence in and loyalty to the new regime.
(C) The ability of transnational crime to evade state border controls and provide new avenues for the illicit transportation of goods and persons challenges the state's ability to exercise its core functions as guarantor of national sovereignty, the monopolization over the control of force, and as the provider of the common good. TNC criminal activities corrupt and undermine numerous state agencies, providing mechanisms by which their activities can affect the very nature of government and state policy in the host countries.
(D) All of the above are correct.

Question: Has TNC become a national security threat?

Transnational crime is regarded as a threat to economic development. Organized crime is seen as a threat to development insofar as it undermines the rule of law and deters foreign investment by increasing the level of insecurity in the host communities. Additionally, criminals often reinvest their proceeds in the legal economy and have unfair advantage through access to cheap capital and their ability to intimidate commercial adversaries. In societies with high levels of TNC, legitimate investors are often reluctant to commit resources.

TNC undermines democratic stability. In many states, transnational criminal enterprises have taken advantage of the instability that has accompanied the democratic transitions to post communist societies, using their influence in the upper reaches of the state and thus shielding themselves from law enforcement. The corruption of public institutions and the perceived inefficacy of the rule of law in new democracies contribute to undermining public confidence in and loyalty to the new regime.

The ability of transnational crime to evade state border controls and provide new avenues for the illicit transportation of goods and persons challenges the state's ability to exercise its core functions as guarantor of national sovereignty, the monopolization over the control of force, and as the provider of the common good. TNC criminal activities corrupt and undermine numerous state agencies, providing mechanisms by which their activities can affect the very nature of government and state policy in the host countries.

Answer:
(A) Transnational crime is regarded as a threat to economic development. Organized crime is seen as a threat to development insofar as it undermines the rule of law and deters foreign investment by increasing the level of insecurity in the host communities. Additionally, criminals often reinvest their proceeds in the legal economy and have unfair advantage through access to cheap capital and their ability to intimidate commercial adversaries. In societies with high levels of TNC, legitimate investors are often reluctant to commit resources.
(B) TNC undermines democratic stability. In many states, transnational criminal enterprises have taken advantage of the instability that has accompanied the democratic transitions to post communist societies, using their influence in the upper reaches of the state and thus shielding themselves from law enforcement. The corruption of public institutions and the perceived inefficacy of the rule of law in new democracies contribute to undermining public confidence in and loyalty to the new regime.
(C) The ability of transnational crime to evade state border controls and provide new avenues for the illicit transportation of goods and persons challenges the state's ability to exercise its core functions as guarantor of national sovereignty, the monopolization over the control of force, and as the provider of the common good. TNC criminal activities corrupt and undermine numerous state agencies, providing mechanisms by which their activities can affect the very nature of government and state policy in the host countries.
(D) All of the above are correct.


A three-state buffer has the following output states
(A) 1, 0, float
(B) High, Low, Float
(C) Both A and B
(D) Set, Reset, Halt

Question: A three-state buffer has the following output states

Answer:
(A) 1, 0, float
(B) High, Low, Float
(C) Both A and B
(D) Set, Reset, Halt


For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I turned on the baseball field's sprinklers during the baseball game. Scenario 2 | I threw a shovelful of dirt into the wheelbarrow.
(A) Wrong, Wrong
(B) Wrong, Not wrong
(C) Not wrong, Wrong
(D) Not wrong, Not wrong

Question: For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I turned on the baseball field's sprinklers during the baseball game. Scenario 2 | I threw a shovelful of dirt into the wheelbarrow.

Answer:
(A) Wrong, Wrong
(B) Wrong, Not wrong
(C) Not wrong, Wrong
(D) Not wrong, Not wrong


A search engine has a trend-tracking feature that provides information on how popular a search term is. The data can be filtered by geographic region, date, and category. Categories include arts and entertainment, computers and electronics, games, news, people and society, shopping, sports, and travel. Which of the following questions is LEAST likely to be answerable using the trends feature?
(A) In what month does a particular sport receive the most searches?
(B) In which political candidates are people interested?
(C) What is the cost of a certain electronics product?
(D) Which region of the country has the greatest number of people searching for opera performances?

Question: A search engine has a trend-tracking feature that provides information on how popular a search term is. The data can be filtered by geographic region, date, and category. Categories include arts and entertainment, computers and electronics, games, news, people and society, shopping, sports, and travel. Which of the following questions is LEAST likely to be answerable using the trends feature?

In what month does a particular sport receive the most searches?

In which political candidates are people interested?

What is the cost of a certain electronics product?

Which region of the country has the greatest number of people searching for opera performances?

Answer:
(A) In what month does a particular sport receive the most searches?
(B) In which political candidates are people interested?
(C) What is the cost of a certain electronics product?
(D) Which region of the country has the greatest number of people searching for opera performances?


The purpose of "augmenting" the Dickey-Fuller test regression is to
(A) Ensure that there is no heteroscedasticity in the test regression residuals.
(B) Ensure that the test regression residuals are normally distributed
(C) Ensure that there is no autocorrelation in the test regression residuals
(D) Ensure that all of the non-stationarity is taken into account.

Question: The purpose of "augmenting" the Dickey-Fuller test regression is to

Ensure that there is no heteroscedasticity in the test regression residuals.

Ensure that the test regression residuals are normally distributed

Ensure that there is no autocorrelation in the test regression residuals

Ensure that all of the non-stationarity is taken into account.

Answer:
(A) Ensure that there is no heteroscedasticity in the test regression residuals.
(B) Ensure that the test regression residuals are normally distributed
(C) Ensure that there is no autocorrelation in the test regression residuals
(D) Ensure that all of the non-stationarity is taken into account.


Which one of the following is the main reason for pruning a Decision Tree?
(A) To save computing time during testing
(B) To save space for storing the Decision Tree
(C) To make the training set error smaller
(D) To avoid overfitting the training set

Question: Which one of the following is the main reason for pruning a Decision Tree?

To save space for storing the Decision Tree

Answer:
(A) To save computing time during testing
(B) To save space for storing the Decision Tree
(C) To make the training set error smaller
(D) To avoid overfitting the training set


This question refers to the following information.
Every two months His Majesty sends from Lima 60,000 pesos to pay for the mita of the Indians. Up on the Huanacavelica range there are 3,000 or 4,000 Indians working in the mercury mine, with picks and hammers, breaking up the ore. And when they have filled up their little sacks, the poor fellows, loaded down, climb up those ladders and rigging, so distressing that a man can hardly get up them. That is the way they work in this mine, with many lights and the loud noise of the pounding and great confusion. Nor is that the greatest evil; that is due to thievish and undisciplined superintendents. According to His Majesty's warrant, the mine owners at Potosí have a right to the mita of 13,300 Indians. These mita Indians earn each day 4 reals. Besides these there are others not under obligation, who hire themselves out voluntarily: these each get from 12 to 16 reals, and some up to 24, according to how well they wield their picks or their reputation for knowing how to get the ore out.
Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, report on mining in Huanacavelica and Potosí, 1620s
The third principal reason the local Yakut and Tungus natives are ruined is that from the time they first came under Russian control, they have been forced to pay yasak tribute. Some have paid in sables, others in red foxes, still others in cash. At first there were plenty of furbearing animals there, but now there are no sables and not many foxes in those lands, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean all the way south to the great Lena River. Moreover, almost half the natives cannot hunt because they no longer have horses, many of which have been pawned to the yasak collectors.
Heinrich von Füch, "On the Treatment of Natives in Northeast Siberia," 1744
Which of the following factors, not mentioned in the second passage, would have been most likely to create added difficulties for native Siberians attempting to fulfill their tribute obligations?
(A) The arrival of rival hunters from China and Japan
(B) The impact of epidemic diseases brought by Russian settlers
(C) The general warming of the climate during this time period
(D) The reduced demand for furs among European and Asian elites

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Every two months His Majesty sends from Lima 60,000 pesos to pay for the mita of the Indians. Up on the Huanacavelica range there are 3,000 or 4,000 Indians working in the mercury mine, with picks and hammers, breaking up the ore. And when they have filled up their little sacks, the poor fellows, loaded down, climb up those ladders and rigging, so distressing that a man can hardly get up them. That is the way they work in this mine, with many lights and the loud noise of the pounding and great confusion. Nor is that the greatest evil; that is due to thievish and undisciplined superintendents. According to His Majesty's warrant, the mine owners at Potosí have a right to the mita of 13,300 Indians. These mita Indians earn each day 4 reals. Besides these there are others not under obligation, who hire themselves out voluntarily: these each get from 12 to 16 reals, and some up to 24, according to how well they wield their picks or their reputation for knowing how to get the ore out.
Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, report on mining in Huanacavelica and Potosí, 1620s
The third principal reason the local Yakut and Tungus natives are ruined is that from the time they first came under Russian control, they have been forced to pay yasak tribute. Some have paid in sables, others in red foxes, still others in cash. At first there were plenty of furbearing animals there, but now there are no sables and not many foxes in those lands, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean all the way south to the great Lena River. Moreover, almost half the natives cannot hunt because they no longer have horses, many of which have been pawned to the yasak collectors.
Heinrich von Füch, "On the Treatment of Natives in Northeast Siberia," 1744
Which of the following factors, not mentioned in the second passage, would have been most likely to create added difficulties for native Siberians attempting to fulfill their tribute obligations?

The arrival of rival hunters from China and Japan

The impact of epidemic diseases brought by Russian settlers

The general warming of the climate during this time period

The reduced demand for furs among European and Asian elites

Answer:
(A) The arrival of rival hunters from China and Japan
(B) The impact of epidemic diseases brought by Russian settlers
(C) The general warming of the climate during this time period
(D) The reduced demand for furs among European and Asian elites


All of the following are non-basic jobs in the city EXCEPT
(A) city firefighter.
(B) social worker.
(C) dry cleaner.
(D) garment factory worker.

Question: All of the following are non-basic jobs in the city EXCEPT

Answer:
(A) city firefighter.
(B) social worker.
(C) dry cleaner.
(D) garment factory worker.


Which of the following reasons might influence a state's decision to join an alliance such as NATO?
(A) More powerful states may also create alliances in order to extend their protective umbrella over weaker friendly states.
(B) States may seek to join an alliance if they believe that their own resources are inadequate to maintain their sovereignty and security.
(C) An alliance can become attractive to states when a potential hegemonic power threatens the other states in that system.
(D) All of these options.

Question: Which of the following reasons might influence a state's decision to join an alliance such as NATO?

More powerful states may also create alliances in order to extend their protective umbrella over weaker friendly states.

States may seek to join an alliance if they believe that their own resources are inadequate to maintain their sovereignty and security.

An alliance can become attractive to states when a potential hegemonic power threatens the other states in that system.

Answer:
(A) More powerful states may also create alliances in order to extend their protective umbrella over weaker friendly states.
(B) States may seek to join an alliance if they believe that their own resources are inadequate to maintain their sovereignty and security.
(C) An alliance can become attractive to states when a potential hegemonic power threatens the other states in that system.
(D) All of these options.


 Which of the following shuns politics?
(A) The sages of the Zhuangzi
(B) The Songs of the South
(C) The Duke of Zhou
(D) The Confucian "sage kings"

Question: Which of the following shuns politics?

Answer:
(A) The sages of the Zhuangzi
(B) The Songs of the South
(C) The Duke of Zhou
(D) The Confucian "sage kings"


Hobbes describes felicity as:
(A) a state of tranquility.
(B) a continual progress of desire from one object to another.
(C) a state of contemplation.
(D) the absence of desire.

Question: Hobbes describes felicity as:

a continual progress of desire from one object to another.

Answer:
(A) a state of tranquility.
(B) a continual progress of desire from one object to another.
(C) a state of contemplation.
(D) the absence of desire.


As of 2018, about what percentage of Indians say that having an increasing number of people of many different races, ethnic groups and nationalities in their country makes it a better place to live (as opposed to worse or no difference)?
(A) 23%
(B) 38%
(C) 53%
(D) 68%

Question: As of 2018, about what percentage of Indians say that having an increasing number of people of many different races, ethnic groups and nationalities in their country makes it a better place to live (as opposed to worse or no difference)?

Answer:
(A) 23%
(B) 38%
(C) 53%
(D) 68%


 How old was Guru Nanak when he started to preach the message of the divine Name?
(A) 30
(B) 40
(C) 33
(D) 52

Question: How old was Guru Nanak when he started to preach the message of the divine Name?

Answer:
(A) 30
(B) 40
(C) 33
(D) 52


The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns is responsible for
(A) AVC that first rises, but eventually falls, as output increases.
(B) AFC that first rises, but eventually falls, as output increases.
(C) MP that first falls, but eventually rises, as output increases.
(D) MC that first falls, but eventually rises, as output increases.

Question: The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns is responsible for

AVC that first rises, but eventually falls, as output increases.

AFC that first rises, but eventually falls, as output increases.

MP that first falls, but eventually rises, as output increases.

MC that first falls, but eventually rises, as output increases.

Answer:
(A) AVC that first rises, but eventually falls, as output increases.
(B) AFC that first rises, but eventually falls, as output increases.
(C) MP that first falls, but eventually rises, as output increases.
(D) MC that first falls, but eventually rises, as output increases.


When developing a plan of care relating to the management of a person's pain, attention should be given to the following needs:
(A) physical and pharmacological needs only.
(B) physical and psychological needs only.
(C) physical, psychological, and pharmacological needs followed by regular reassessment.
(D) none of the above, as the main priority is to limit drug side effects.

Question: When developing a plan of care relating to the management of a person's pain, attention should be given to the following needs:

physical and pharmacological needs only.

physical, psychological, and pharmacological needs followed by regular reassessment.

none of the above, as the main priority is to limit drug side effects.

Answer:
(A) physical and pharmacological needs only.
(B) physical and psychological needs only.
(C) physical, psychological, and pharmacological needs followed by regular reassessment.
(D) none of the above, as the main priority is to limit drug side effects.


The development of an egg without fertilization is known as
(A) meiosis
(B) parthenogenesis
(C) embryogenesis
(D) vegetative propagation

Question: The development of an egg without fertilization is known as

Answer:
(A) meiosis
(B) parthenogenesis
(C) embryogenesis
(D) vegetative propagation


Why is Saturn almost as big as Jupiter despite its smaller mass?
(A) Jupiter's greater mass compresses it more thus increasing its density.
(B) Saturn has a larger proportion of hydrogen and helium than Jupiter and is therefore less dense.
(C) Jupiter's strong magnetic field constrains its size.
(D) Saturn is further from the Sun thus cooler and therefore less compact.

Question: Why is Saturn almost as big as Jupiter despite its smaller mass?

Jupiter's greater mass compresses it more thus increasing its density.

Saturn has a larger proportion of hydrogen and helium than Jupiter and is therefore less dense.

Jupiter's strong magnetic field constrains its size.

Saturn is further from the Sun thus cooler and therefore less compact.

Answer:
(A) Jupiter's greater mass compresses it more thus increasing its density.
(B) Saturn has a larger proportion of hydrogen and helium than Jupiter and is therefore less dense.
(C) Jupiter's strong magnetic field constrains its size.
(D) Saturn is further from the Sun thus cooler and therefore less compact.


Which statement is true?
(A) If f(x) is continuous at x = c, then f′(c) exists.
(B) If f′(c) = 0, then f has a local maximum or minimum at (c, f (c)).
(C) If f′′(c) = 0, then the graph of f has an inflection point at (c, f (c)).
(D) If f is differentiable at x = c, then f is continuous at x = c.

Question: Which statement is true?

If f(x) is continuous at x = c, then f′(c) exists.

If f′(c) = 0, then f has a local maximum or minimum at (c, f (c)).

If f′′(c) = 0, then the graph of f has an inflection point at (c, f (c)).

If f is differentiable at x = c, then f is continuous at x = c.

Answer:
(A) If f(x) is continuous at x = c, then f′(c) exists.
(B) If f′(c) = 0, then f has a local maximum or minimum at (c, f (c)).
(C) If f′′(c) = 0, then the graph of f has an inflection point at (c, f (c)).
(D) If f is differentiable at x = c, then f is continuous at x = c.


The total number of people who have some disorder divided by the total number of people gives you the ____ rate.
(A) Prevalence
(B) Incidence
(C) Incipient
(D) Diseased

Question: The total number of people who have some disorder divided by the total number of people gives you the ____ rate.

Answer:
(A) Prevalence
(B) Incidence
(C) Incipient
(D) Diseased


This question refers to the following information.
Florence is more beautiful and five hundred forty years older than your Venice. … We have round about us thirty thousand estates, owned by nobleman and merchants, citizens and craftsman, yielding us yearly bread and meat, wine and oil, vegetables and cheese, hay and wood, to the value of nine thousand ducats in cash. … We have two trades greater than any four of yours in Venice put together—the trades wool and silk. … Our beautiful Florence contains within the city … two hundred seventy shops belonging to the wool merchant's guild, from whence their wares are sent to Rome and the Marches, Naples and Sicily, Constantinople … and the whole of Turkey. It contains also eighty-three rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchant's guild.
Benedetto Dei, "Letter to a Venetian," 1472
From the passage, one may argue that wealth in Renaissance Italy was measured in
(A) the size of landed estates
(B) the number of estates owned by an individual
(C) the monetary value of goods
(D) the amount of gold held

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Florence is more beautiful and five hundred forty years older than your Venice. … We have round about us thirty thousand estates, owned by nobleman and merchants, citizens and craftsman, yielding us yearly bread and meat, wine and oil, vegetables and cheese, hay and wood, to the value of nine thousand ducats in cash. … We have two trades greater than any four of yours in Venice put together—the trades wool and silk. … Our beautiful Florence contains within the city … two hundred seventy shops belonging to the wool merchant's guild, from whence their wares are sent to Rome and the Marches, Naples and Sicily, Constantinople … and the whole of Turkey. It contains also eighty-three rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchant's guild.
Benedetto Dei, "Letter to a Venetian," 1472
From the passage, one may argue that wealth in Renaissance Italy was measured in

the number of estates owned by an individual

Answer:
(A) the size of landed estates
(B) the number of estates owned by an individual
(C) the monetary value of goods
(D) the amount of gold held


A female fruit fly bearing linked genes that produce the phenotype gray body and normal wings mates with a male fruit fly of phenotype black body and vestigial wings. The presence of gray-bodied, vestigialwinged flies among the progeny is best explained by
(A) crossing over
(B) independent assortment
(C) segregation of alleles
(D) penetrance

Question: A female fruit fly bearing linked genes that produce the phenotype gray body and normal wings mates with a male fruit fly of phenotype black body and vestigial wings. The presence of gray-bodied, vestigialwinged flies among the progeny is best explained by

Answer:
(A) crossing over
(B) independent assortment
(C) segregation of alleles
(D) penetrance


As of 2019, about what percentage of Americans say it is very important to have free media in our country without government/state censorship?
(A) 50%
(B) 60%
(C) 70%
(D) 80%

Question: As of 2019, about what percentage of Americans say it is very important to have free media in our country without government/state censorship?

Answer:
(A) 50%
(B) 60%
(C) 70%
(D) 80%


Palynology is the study of _________, which allows scientists to reconstruct ______.
(A) foraminifera; a master sequence of tree rings.
(B) coprolites; paleopathology and sexual dimorphism.
(C) pollen; plant communities and climate.
(D) phytoliths; artificial selection and photosynthesis pathways.

Question: Palynology is the study of _________, which allows scientists to reconstruct ______.

foraminifera; a master sequence of tree rings.

coprolites; paleopathology and sexual dimorphism.

phytoliths; artificial selection and photosynthesis pathways.

Answer:
(A) foraminifera; a master sequence of tree rings.
(B) coprolites; paleopathology and sexual dimorphism.
(C) pollen; plant communities and climate.
(D) phytoliths; artificial selection and photosynthesis pathways.


Suppose $x-3$ and $y+3$ are multiples of $7$. What is the smallest positive integer, $n,$ for which $x^2+xy+y^2+n$ is a multiple of $7$?
(A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 5

Question: Suppose $x-3$ and $y+3$ are multiples of $7$. What is the smallest positive integer, $n,$ for which $x^2+xy+y^2+n$ is a multiple of $7$?

Answer:
(A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 5


About what percentage of survey respondents from India report having paid a bribe in the last year to access public services (such as education; judiciary; medical and health; police; registry and permit services; utilities; tax revenue and customs; and land service) as of 2017?
(A) 29%
(B) 49%
(C) 69%
(D) 89%

Question: About what percentage of survey respondents from India report having paid a bribe in the last year to access public services (such as education; judiciary; medical and health; police; registry and permit services; utilities; tax revenue and customs; and land service) as of 2017?

Answer:
(A) 29%
(B) 49%
(C) 69%
(D) 89%


World-affirming religions:
(A) embrace conventional cultural values but offer new means of achieving them
(B) react against the loss of any meaningful religious content in the teachings of churches
(C) adopt an attitude of mild disapproval towards mainstream social values
(D) reject both the goals and means of conventional society and provide utopian alternatives

Question: World-affirming religions:

embrace conventional cultural values but offer new means of achieving them

react against the loss of any meaningful religious content in the teachings of churches

adopt an attitude of mild disapproval towards mainstream social values

reject both the goals and means of conventional society and provide utopian alternatives

Answer:
(A) embrace conventional cultural values but offer new means of achieving them
(B) react against the loss of any meaningful religious content in the teachings of churches
(C) adopt an attitude of mild disapproval towards mainstream social values
(D) reject both the goals and means of conventional society and provide utopian alternatives


The DiGeorge/Shprintzen syndrome is caused by a deletion in which chromosome?
(A) 4
(B) 7
(C) 15
(D) 22

Question: The DiGeorge/Shprintzen syndrome is caused by a deletion in which chromosome?

Answer:
(A) 4
(B) 7
(C) 15
(D) 22


Before we can collect data from other human beings we must make sure that they
(A) Have information that will be worth our effort to collect
(B) Are going to be honest and forthright
(C) Are informed about our study and give their consent to participate
(D) Have been granted permission to participate by the IRB

Question: Before we can collect data from other human beings we must make sure that they

Have information that will be worth our effort to collect

Are informed about our study and give their consent to participate

Have been granted permission to participate by the IRB

Answer:
(A) Have information that will be worth our effort to collect
(B) Are going to be honest and forthright
(C) Are informed about our study and give their consent to participate
(D) Have been granted permission to participate by the IRB


Considering 'offensive' and 'defensive realism', which of these statements is not correct?
(A) Offensive realism defines the international system as an environment in which states seek to achieve security through the acquisition of power.
(B) Defensive realism regards cooperation as the way in which states can achieve security.
(C) Both defensive realism and offensive realism regard power and competition as a means by which security can be achieved for the state.
(D) Offensive realism theorizes that states will pursue hegemony where possible.

Question: Considering 'offensive' and 'defensive realism', which of these statements is not correct?

Offensive realism defines the international system as an environment in which states seek to achieve security through the acquisition of power.

Defensive realism regards cooperation as the way in which states can achieve security.

Both defensive realism and offensive realism regard power and competition as a means by which security can be achieved for the state.

Offensive realism theorizes that states will pursue hegemony where possible.

Answer:
(A) Offensive realism defines the international system as an environment in which states seek to achieve security through the acquisition of power.
(B) Defensive realism regards cooperation as the way in which states can achieve security.
(C) Both defensive realism and offensive realism regard power and competition as a means by which security can be achieved for the state.
(D) Offensive realism theorizes that states will pursue hegemony where possible.


Statement 1| As of 2020, some models attain greater than 98% accuracy on CIFAR-10. Statement 2| The original ResNets were not optimized with the Adam optimizer.
(A) True, True
(B) False, False
(C) True, False
(D) False, True

Question: Statement 1| As of 2020, some models attain greater than 98% accuracy on CIFAR-10. Statement 2| The original ResNets were not optimized with the Adam optimizer.

Answer:
(A) True, True
(B) False, False
(C) True, False
(D) False, True


A _________________ may be a hidden part of a program, a separate infected program a Trojan in disguise of an executable or code in the firmware of any system’s hardware.
(A) crypter
(B) virus
(C) backdoor
(D) key-logger

Question: A _________________ may be a hidden part of a program, a separate infected program a Trojan in disguise of an executable or code in the firmware of any system’s hardware.

Answer:
(A) crypter
(B) virus
(C) backdoor
(D) key-logger


This question refers to the following information.
"The substitution of Plato for the scholastic Aristotle was hastened by contact with Byzantine scholarship. Already at the Council of Ferrera (1438), which nominally reunited the Eastern and Western churches, there was a debate in which the Byzantines maintained the superiority of Plato to Aristotle. Cosimo and Lorenzo de Medici were both addicted to Plato; Cosimo founded and Lorenzo continued the Florentine Academy, which was largely devoted to the study of Plato&…The humanists of the time, however, were too busy acquiring knowledge of antiquity to be able to produce anything of value."
Bertrand Russell, British philosopher, History of Western Philosophy, 1946
The cultural diffusion described by Bertrand Russell most directly influenced the composition of which text?
(A) Oration on the Dignity of Man
(B) The Decameron
(C) Handbook of the Christian Knight
(D) Utopia

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
"The substitution of Plato for the scholastic Aristotle was hastened by contact with Byzantine scholarship. Already at the Council of Ferrera (1438), which nominally reunited the Eastern and Western churches, there was a debate in which the Byzantines maintained the superiority of Plato to Aristotle. Cosimo and Lorenzo de Medici were both addicted to Plato; Cosimo founded and Lorenzo continued the Florentine Academy, which was largely devoted to the study of Plato&…The humanists of the time, however, were too busy acquiring knowledge of antiquity to be able to produce anything of value."
Bertrand Russell, British philosopher, History of Western Philosophy, 1946
The cultural diffusion described by Bertrand Russell most directly influenced the composition of which text?

Answer:
(A) Oration on the Dignity of Man
(B) The Decameron
(C) Handbook of the Christian Knight
(D) Utopia


An algorithm for finding the average of N numbers is average = sum / N, where N and sum are both integers. In a program using this algorithm, a programmer forgot to include a test that would check for N equal to zero. If N is zero, when will the error be detected?
(A) At compile time
(B) At edit time
(C) As soon as the value of N is entered
(D) During run time

Question: An algorithm for finding the average of N numbers is average = sum / N, where N and sum are both integers. In a program using this algorithm, a programmer forgot to include a test that would check for N equal to zero. If N is zero, when will the error be detected?

Answer:
(A) At compile time
(B) At edit time
(C) As soon as the value of N is entered
(D) During run time


Philosophy is concerned primarily with identifying beliefs about human existence and evaluating arguments that support those beliefs.  These activities can be summarized in two questions that drive philosophical investigations:
(A) why should we bother? and what are the consequences of our believing one thing over another?
(B) what do you mean? and how do you know?
(C) who really believes X? and how can we explain differences in people's beliefs?
(D) how do philosophers argue? and are their differences important?

Question: Philosophy is concerned primarily with identifying beliefs about human existence and evaluating arguments that support those beliefs.  These activities can be summarized in two questions that drive philosophical investigations:

why should we bother? and what are the consequences of our believing one thing over another?

who really believes X? and how can we explain differences in people's beliefs?

how do philosophers argue? and are their differences important?

Answer:
(A) why should we bother? and what are the consequences of our believing one thing over another?
(B) what do you mean? and how do you know?
(C) who really believes X? and how can we explain differences in people's beliefs?
(D) how do philosophers argue? and are their differences important?


Higher dietary sodium (salt) intake is generally associated with:

(A) Decreased calcium excretion in the urine
(B) Increased risk of fracture
(C) Decreased dietary calcium absorption
(D) Negative calcium balance and bone mineral loss

Question: Higher dietary sodium (salt) intake is generally associated with:

Decreased calcium excretion in the urine

Negative calcium balance and bone mineral loss

Answer:
(A) Decreased calcium excretion in the urine
(B) Increased risk of fracture
(C) Decreased dietary calcium absorption
(D) Negative calcium balance and bone mineral loss


This question refers to the following information.
Read the following memoir.
Not only did he expect all persons of distinction to be in continual attendance at Court, but he was quick to notice the absence of those of inferior degree; at his lever, his couches, his meals, in the gardens of Versailles (the only place where the courtiers in general were allowed to follow him), he used to cast his eyes to right and left; nothing escaped him[;] he saw everybody. If anyone habitually living at Court absented himself he insisted on knowing the reason; those who came there only for flying visits had also to give a satisfactory explanation; anyone who seldom or never appeared there was certain to incur his displeasure. If asked to bestow a favor on such persons he would reply haughtily: "I do not know him"; of such as rarely presented themselves he would say, "He is a man I never see"; and from these judgments there was no appeal.
No one understood better than Louis XIV the art of enhancing the value of a favor by his manner of bestowing it; he knew how to make the most of a word, a smile, even of a glance.
He loved splendor, magnificence, and profusion in all things, and encouraged similar tastes in his Court; to spend money freely on equipages and buildings, on feasting and at cards, was a sure way to gain his favor, perhaps to obtain the honor of a word from him. Motives of policy had something to do with this; by making expensive habits the fashion, and, for people in a certain position, a necessity, he compelled his courtiers to live beyond their income, and gradually reduced them to depend on his bounty for the means of subsistence.
—Duke Saint-Simon, Memoirs of Louis XIV and His Court and His Regency, c. 1750
Louis XIV was aided by many able advisors, but which of the following advisors helped him to reorganize France and make it into a world power?
(A) Jean Martinet, his chief military advisor
(B) Cardinal Mazarin, his regent and foreign policy advisor
(C) Jean Baptiste Colbert, his finance minister
(D) the Duke of Burgundy

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Read the following memoir.
Not only did he expect all persons of distinction to be in continual attendance at Court, but he was quick to notice the absence of those of inferior degree; at his lever, his couches, his meals, in the gardens of Versailles (the only place where the courtiers in general were allowed to follow him), he used to cast his eyes to right and left; nothing escaped him[;] he saw everybody. If anyone habitually living at Court absented himself he insisted on knowing the reason; those who came there only for flying visits had also to give a satisfactory explanation; anyone who seldom or never appeared there was certain to incur his displeasure. If asked to bestow a favor on such persons he would reply haughtily: "I do not know him"; of such as rarely presented themselves he would say, "He is a man I never see"; and from these judgments there was no appeal.
No one understood better than Louis XIV the art of enhancing the value of a favor by his manner of bestowing it; he knew how to make the most of a word, a smile, even of a glance.
He loved splendor, magnificence, and profusion in all things, and encouraged similar tastes in his Court; to spend money freely on equipages and buildings, on feasting and at cards, was a sure way to gain his favor, perhaps to obtain the honor of a word from him. Motives of policy had something to do with this; by making expensive habits the fashion, and, for people in a certain position, a necessity, he compelled his courtiers to live beyond their income, and gradually reduced them to depend on his bounty for the means of subsistence.
—Duke Saint-Simon, Memoirs of Louis XIV and His Court and His Regency, c. 1750
Louis XIV was aided by many able advisors, but which of the following advisors helped him to reorganize France and make it into a world power?

Jean Martinet, his chief military advisor

Cardinal Mazarin, his regent and foreign policy advisor

Jean Baptiste Colbert, his finance minister

Answer:
(A) Jean Martinet, his chief military advisor
(B) Cardinal Mazarin, his regent and foreign policy advisor
(C) Jean Baptiste Colbert, his finance minister
(D) the Duke of Burgundy


A U.S. manufacturer has a production operation in Mexico. The product costs 116.50 pesos to produce and ship to Europe, where the product sells for 20 euros. If 0.1099 U.S. dollars are required to buy one Mexican peso, and 0.8928 U.S. dollars are required to buy one euro, what amount of U.S. dollars is the profit on the sale?
(A) $5.06
(B) $6.11
(C) $7.20
(D) $9.60

Question: A U.S. manufacturer has a production operation in Mexico. The product costs 116.50 pesos to produce and ship to Europe, where the product sells for 20 euros. If 0.1099 U.S. dollars are required to buy one Mexican peso, and 0.8928 U.S. dollars are required to buy one euro, what amount of U.S. dollars is the profit on the sale?

Answer:
(A) $5.06
(B) $6.11
(C) $7.20
(D) $9.60


Habermas distinguishes between 'law as medium' and 'law as institution'. Which statement below most accurately describes this distinction?
(A) Law as medium' describes law as a body of formal, general rules that control the state and the economy; 'law as institution' inhabits the 'lifeworld' and expresses its shared values and norms in institutional form.
(B) Law as medium' consists of the manner in which law is presented by the media; 'law as institution' describes the courts.
(C) Law as medium' concerns the manner in which the law expresses its rules in simplified terms; 'law as institution' refers to the formal declaration of laws by legislative bodies.
(D) Law as medium' is defined as the intermediate stage of legal development; 'law as institution' is the advanced stage.

Question: Habermas distinguishes between 'law as medium' and 'law as institution'. Which statement below most accurately describes this distinction?

Law as medium' describes law as a body of formal, general rules that control the state and the economy; 'law as institution' inhabits the 'lifeworld' and expresses its shared values and norms in institutional form.

Law as medium' consists of the manner in which law is presented by the media; 'law as institution' describes the courts.

Law as medium' concerns the manner in which the law expresses its rules in simplified terms; 'law as institution' refers to the formal declaration of laws by legislative bodies.

Law as medium' is defined as the intermediate stage of legal development; 'law as institution' is the advanced stage.

Answer:
(A) Law as medium' describes law as a body of formal, general rules that control the state and the economy; 'law as institution' inhabits the 'lifeworld' and expresses its shared values and norms in institutional form.
(B) Law as medium' consists of the manner in which law is presented by the media; 'law as institution' describes the courts.
(C) Law as medium' concerns the manner in which the law expresses its rules in simplified terms; 'law as institution' refers to the formal declaration of laws by legislative bodies.
(D) Law as medium' is defined as the intermediate stage of legal development; 'law as institution' is the advanced stage.


Accrual accounting involves accruals and deferrals. Which of the following best describes accruals and deferrals?
(A) Accruals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments while deferrals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments.
(B) Accruals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments while deferrals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments.
(C) Both accruals and deferrals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments.
(D) Both accruals and deferrals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments.

Question: Accrual accounting involves accruals and deferrals. Which of the following best describes accruals and deferrals?

Accruals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments while deferrals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments.

Accruals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments while deferrals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments.

Both accruals and deferrals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments.

Both accruals and deferrals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments.

Answer:
(A) Accruals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments while deferrals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments.
(B) Accruals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments while deferrals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments.
(C) Both accruals and deferrals are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments.
(D) Both accruals and deferrals are concerned with past cash receipts and payments.


About how many grieving individuals seem to require some professional help?
(A) Less than 10%
(B) About 25%
(C) Nearly half
(D) More than 50%

Question: About how many grieving individuals seem to require some professional help?

Answer:
(A) Less than 10%
(B) About 25%
(C) Nearly half
(D) More than 50%


A manufacturer of motor oil is interested in testing the effects of a newly developed additive on the lifespan of an engine. Twenty-five different engine types are selected at random and each one is tested using oil with the additive and oil without the additive. What type of analysis will yield the most useful information?
(A) Matched pairs comparison of population proportions
(B) Matched pairs comparison of population means
(C) Independent samples comparison of population proportions
(D) Independent samples comparison of population means

Question: A manufacturer of motor oil is interested in testing the effects of a newly developed additive on the lifespan of an engine. Twenty-five different engine types are selected at random and each one is tested using oil with the additive and oil without the additive. What type of analysis will yield the most useful information?

Matched pairs comparison of population proportions

Matched pairs comparison of population means

Independent samples comparison of population proportions

Independent samples comparison of population means

Answer:
(A) Matched pairs comparison of population proportions
(B) Matched pairs comparison of population means
(C) Independent samples comparison of population proportions
(D) Independent samples comparison of population means


In 1935 roughly how many Americans were in favor of Social Security act?
(A) 90%
(B) 70%
(C) 50%
(D) 30%

Question: In 1935 roughly how many Americans were in favor of Social Security act?

Answer:
(A) 90%
(B) 70%
(C) 50%
(D) 30%


Failed sessions allow brute-force attacks on access credentials. This type of attacks are done in which layer of the OSI model?
(A) Physical layer
(B) Data-link Layer
(C) Session layer
(D) Presentation layer

Question: Failed sessions allow brute-force attacks on access credentials. This type of attacks are done in which layer of the OSI model?

Answer:
(A) Physical layer
(B) Data-link Layer
(C) Session layer
(D) Presentation layer


The principles of xeriscaping are best exemplified by a homeowner who
(A) installs an in-ground sprinkler system that operates on a timer
(B) lowers the cutting height on the lawn mower to reduce the surface area in contact with the cutting blade
(C) increases the use of fertilizer on the turfgrass to promote growth
(D) replaces nonnative ornamentals with native shrubs that do not require irrigation

Question: The principles of xeriscaping are best exemplified by a homeowner who

installs an in-ground sprinkler system that operates on a timer

lowers the cutting height on the lawn mower to reduce the surface area in contact with the cutting blade

increases the use of fertilizer on the turfgrass to promote growth

replaces nonnative ornamentals with native shrubs that do not require irrigation

Answer:
(A) installs an in-ground sprinkler system that operates on a timer
(B) lowers the cutting height on the lawn mower to reduce the surface area in contact with the cutting blade
(C) increases the use of fertilizer on the turfgrass to promote growth
(D) replaces nonnative ornamentals with native shrubs that do not require irrigation


Male breast cancer is associated with mutations in ___.
(A) BRCA1
(B) BRCA2
(C) NF1
(D) RET

Question: Male breast cancer is associated with mutations in ___.

Answer:
(A) BRCA1
(B) BRCA2
(C) NF1
(D) RET


Which of the following sorting algorithms has average-case and worst-case running times of O(n log n)?
(A) Bubble sort
(B) Insertion sort
(C) Merge sort
(D) Quicksort

Question: Which of the following sorting algorithms has average-case and worst-case running times of O(n log n)?

Answer:
(A) Bubble sort
(B) Insertion sort
(C) Merge sort
(D) Quicksort


_______ economy is the term used to describe individuals being hired for a specific task rather than on a long-term basis. While this results in _________ which is beneficial for businesses, issues for those employed in such a manner relate to increased ________, uncertainty and a lack of _______.
(A) Gig, Flexibility, Risk, Social welfare structures
(B) Sharing, Risk, Flexibility, Autonomy
(C) Gig, Risk, Flexibility, Autonomy
(D) Sharing, Flexibility, Risk, Social welfare structures

Question: _______ economy is the term used to describe individuals being hired for a specific task rather than on a long-term basis. While this results in _________ which is beneficial for businesses, issues for those employed in such a manner relate to increased ________, uncertainty and a lack of _______.

Gig, Flexibility, Risk, Social welfare structures

Sharing, Flexibility, Risk, Social welfare structures

Answer:
(A) Gig, Flexibility, Risk, Social welfare structures
(B) Sharing, Risk, Flexibility, Autonomy
(C) Gig, Risk, Flexibility, Autonomy
(D) Sharing, Flexibility, Risk, Social welfare structures


Let V be a finite-dimensional real vector space and let P be a linear transformation of V such that P^2 = P. Which of the following must be true?
I. P is invertible.
II. P is diagonalizable.
III. P is either the identity transformation or the zero transformation.
(A) nan
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only

Question:
Let V be a finite-dimensional real vector space and let P be a linear transformation of V such that P^2 = P. Which of the following must be true?
I. P is invertible.
II. P is diagonalizable.
III. P is either the identity transformation or the zero transformation.

Answer:
(A) nan
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only