This question refers to the following information.
First we must remark that the cosmos is spherical in form, partly because this form being a perfect whole requiring no joints, is the most complete of all, partly because it makes the most capacious form, which is best suited to contain and preserve everything; or again because all the constituent parts of the universe, that is the sun, moon and the planets appear in this form; or because everything strives to attain this form, as appears in the case of drops of water and other fluid bodies if they attempt to define themselves. So no one will doubt that this form belongs to the heavenly bodies. …
That the earth is also spherical is therefore beyond question, because it presses from all sides upon its center. Although by reason of the elevations of the mountains and the depressions of the valleys a perfect circle cannot be understood, yet this does not affect the general spherical nature of the earth. …
As it has been already shown that the earth has the form of a sphere, we must consider whether a movement also coincides with this form, and what place the earth holds in the universe. … The great majority of authors of course agree that the earth stands still in the center of the universe, and consider it inconceivable and ridiculous to suppose the opposite. But if the matter is carefully weighed, it will be seen that the question is not yet settled and therefore by no means to be regarded lightly. Every change of place which is observed is due, namely, to a movement of the observed object or of the observer, or to movements of both. … Now it is from the earth that the revolution of the heavens is observed and it is produced for our eyes. Therefore if the earth undergoes no movement this movement must take place in everything outside of the earth, but in the opposite direction than if everything on the earth moved, and of this kind is the daily revolution. So this appears to affect the whole universe, that is, everything outside the earth with the single exception of the earth itself. If, however, one should admit that this movement was not peculiar to the heavens, but that the earth revolved from west to east, and if this was carefully considered in regard to the apparent rising and setting of the sun, the moon and the stars, it would be discovered that this was the real situation."
Nicolas Copernicus, The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, 1543
From the passage, one may say that Copernicus's argument for a spherical cosmos was based on
(A) observation and induction
(B) ancient textual authority
(C) experimentation
(D) deduction from first principles

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
First we must remark that the cosmos is spherical in form, partly because this form being a perfect whole requiring no joints, is the most complete of all, partly because it makes the most capacious form, which is best suited to contain and preserve everything; or again because all the constituent parts of the universe, that is the sun, moon and the planets appear in this form; or because everything strives to attain this form, as appears in the case of drops of water and other fluid bodies if they attempt to define themselves. So no one will doubt that this form belongs to the heavenly bodies. …
That the earth is also spherical is therefore beyond question, because it presses from all sides upon its center. Although by reason of the elevations of the mountains and the depressions of the valleys a perfect circle cannot be understood, yet this does not affect the general spherical nature of the earth. …
As it has been already shown that the earth has the form of a sphere, we must consider whether a movement also coincides with this form, and what place the earth holds in the universe. … The great majority of authors of course agree that the earth stands still in the center of the universe, and consider it inconceivable and ridiculous to suppose the opposite. But if the matter is carefully weighed, it will be seen that the question is not yet settled and therefore by no means to be regarded lightly. Every change of place which is observed is due, namely, to a movement of the observed object or of the observer, or to movements of both. … Now it is from the earth that the revolution of the heavens is observed and it is produced for our eyes. Therefore if the earth undergoes no movement this movement must take place in everything outside of the earth, but in the opposite direction than if everything on the earth moved, and of this kind is the daily revolution. So this appears to affect the whole universe, that is, everything outside the earth with the single exception of the earth itself. If, however, one should admit that this movement was not peculiar to the heavens, but that the earth revolved from west to east, and if this was carefully considered in regard to the apparent rising and setting of the sun, the moon and the stars, it would be discovered that this was the real situation."
Nicolas Copernicus, The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, 1543
From the passage, one may say that Copernicus's argument for a spherical cosmos was based on

Answer:
(A) observation and induction
(B) ancient textual authority
(C) experimentation
(D) deduction from first principles


Which of the following school policies is most likely to have a positive impact on the digital divide?
(A) A school allows students to bring a graphing calculator from home to complete in-class mathematics assignments.
(B) A school allows students to bring a tablet computer to class every day to participate in graded quizzes.
(C) A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school.
(D) A school recommends that all students purchase a computer with as much processing speed as possible so that projects run faster.

Question: Which of the following school policies is most likely to have a positive impact on the digital divide?

A school allows students to bring a graphing calculator from home to complete in-class mathematics assignments.

A school allows students to bring a tablet computer to class every day to participate in graded quizzes.

A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school.

A school recommends that all students purchase a computer with as much processing speed as possible so that projects run faster.

Answer:
(A) A school allows students to bring a graphing calculator from home to complete in-class mathematics assignments.
(B) A school allows students to bring a tablet computer to class every day to participate in graded quizzes.
(C) A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school.
(D) A school recommends that all students purchase a computer with as much processing speed as possible so that projects run faster.


What might the pragmatic implications of biology be on post-conflict gender security?
(A) Recent inquiry into the way in which women have been treated both in and after war has revealed a degree of ambiguity in the relationship between armed forces and civilian women. While women have often been the targets of violence by the enemy in conflict, it is also the case that they may suffer at the hands of their "protectors". This strengthens the argument for female soldiers to be engaged in certain types of peacekeeping work, particularly in post-conflict situations.
(B) Perpetuation of violence against women in post-conflict society has devalued the claim that violence is more prevalent in militarized societies. Women were as protected by men in pre-war society as they were in post-war society.
(C) Case studies revealed that in certain military families, levels of violence were dependent on the degree of psychological damage inflicted during fighting, however this was variable and dependent on the individual not on gender basis.
(D) Recent inquiry into the way in which women have been treated both in and after war has revealed a degree of ambiguity in the relationship between armed forces and civilian women. While women have often been the targets of violence by the enemy in conflict, it is also the case that they may suffer at the hands of their "protectors" which may actually undermine liberal feminists' case of the "right to fight".

Question: What might the pragmatic implications of biology be on post-conflict gender security?

Recent inquiry into the way in which women have been treated both in and after war has revealed a degree of ambiguity in the relationship between armed forces and civilian women. While women have often been the targets of violence by the enemy in conflict, it is also the case that they may suffer at the hands of their "protectors". This strengthens the argument for female soldiers to be engaged in certain types of peacekeeping work, particularly in post-conflict situations.

Perpetuation of violence against women in post-conflict society has devalued the claim that violence is more prevalent in militarized societies. Women were as protected by men in pre-war society as they were in post-war society.

Case studies revealed that in certain military families, levels of violence were dependent on the degree of psychological damage inflicted during fighting, however this was variable and dependent on the individual not on gender basis.

Recent inquiry into the way in which women have been treated both in and after war has revealed a degree of ambiguity in the relationship between armed forces and civilian women. While women have often been the targets of violence by the enemy in conflict, it is also the case that they may suffer at the hands of their "protectors" which may actually undermine liberal feminists' case of the "right to fight".

Answer:
(A) Recent inquiry into the way in which women have been treated both in and after war has revealed a degree of ambiguity in the relationship between armed forces and civilian women. While women have often been the targets of violence by the enemy in conflict, it is also the case that they may suffer at the hands of their "protectors". This strengthens the argument for female soldiers to be engaged in certain types of peacekeeping work, particularly in post-conflict situations.
(B) Perpetuation of violence against women in post-conflict society has devalued the claim that violence is more prevalent in militarized societies. Women were as protected by men in pre-war society as they were in post-war society.
(C) Case studies revealed that in certain military families, levels of violence were dependent on the degree of psychological damage inflicted during fighting, however this was variable and dependent on the individual not on gender basis.
(D) Recent inquiry into the way in which women have been treated both in and after war has revealed a degree of ambiguity in the relationship between armed forces and civilian women. While women have often been the targets of violence by the enemy in conflict, it is also the case that they may suffer at the hands of their "protectors" which may actually undermine liberal feminists' case of the "right to fight".


The attempt by core countries to stimulate increased agricultural production in the periphery through use of technology, hybrid seed, and fertilizers is called the
(A) First Agricultural Revolution.
(B) Second Agricultural Revolution.
(C) Third Agricultural Revolution.
(D) Green Revolution.

Question: The attempt by core countries to stimulate increased agricultural production in the periphery through use of technology, hybrid seed, and fertilizers is called the

Answer:
(A) First Agricultural Revolution.
(B) Second Agricultural Revolution.
(C) Third Agricultural Revolution.
(D) Green Revolution.


 Which of the following best characterizes de Marneffe's view?
(A) The use, sale, and manufacturing of drugs should be legal.
(B) The use, sale, and manufacturing of drugs should be illegal.
(C) The use of drugs should be legal, but the sale and manufacturing of them should be illegal.
(D) The use of drugs should be illegal, but the sale and manufacturing of them should be legal.

Question: Which of the following best characterizes de Marneffe's view?

The use, sale, and manufacturing of drugs should be legal.

The use, sale, and manufacturing of drugs should be illegal.

The use of drugs should be legal, but the sale and manufacturing of them should be illegal.

The use of drugs should be illegal, but the sale and manufacturing of them should be legal.

Answer:
(A) The use, sale, and manufacturing of drugs should be legal.
(B) The use, sale, and manufacturing of drugs should be illegal.
(C) The use of drugs should be legal, but the sale and manufacturing of them should be illegal.
(D) The use of drugs should be illegal, but the sale and manufacturing of them should be legal.


Once a train pulls out of a station, or an aeroplane takes off or a film starts, those seats are lost and can never be sold. This is referred to as:
(A) Inseparability.
(B) Variability.
(C) Intangibility.
(D) Perishability.

Question: Once a train pulls out of a station, or an aeroplane takes off or a film starts, those seats are lost and can never be sold. This is referred to as:

Answer:
(A) Inseparability.
(B) Variability.
(C) Intangibility.
(D) Perishability.


Which of these types of survey question seeks qualitative information?
(A) Likert scale
(B) Multiple choice
(C) Open-ended
(D) Yes/No

Question: Which of these types of survey question seeks qualitative information?

Answer:
(A) Likert scale
(B) Multiple choice
(C) Open-ended
(D) Yes/No


Argon can be liquefied at low temperature because of
(A) dipole-dipole attractive forces
(B) hydrogen bonding
(C) instantaneous and induced dipoles
(D) the very low temperature

Question: Argon can be liquefied at low temperature because of

Answer:
(A) dipole-dipole attractive forces
(B) hydrogen bonding
(C) instantaneous and induced dipoles
(D) the very low temperature


Regions share all of these characteristics EXCEPT
(A) boundaries.
(B) common features.
(C) relative location.
(D) easily defined.

Question: Regions share all of these characteristics EXCEPT

Answer:
(A) boundaries.
(B) common features.
(C) relative location.
(D) easily defined.


Which of the following best describes the fallacy of special pleading?
(A) Reasoning that ideas presented in an appealing manner are correct, regardless of the content of the message.
(B) Using language and punctuation in a way that a statement can have multiple interpretations, so it's not really clear what is meant.
(C) Confusing figurative language with literal language.
(D) Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms

Question: Which of the following best describes the fallacy of special pleading?

Reasoning that ideas presented in an appealing manner are correct, regardless of the content of the message.

Using language and punctuation in a way that a statement can have multiple interpretations, so it's not really clear what is meant.

Confusing figurative language with literal language.

Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms

Answer:
(A) Reasoning that ideas presented in an appealing manner are correct, regardless of the content of the message.
(B) Using language and punctuation in a way that a statement can have multiple interpretations, so it's not really clear what is meant.
(C) Confusing figurative language with literal language.
(D) Referring to an act committed by an opponent in negative terms while referring to the same act committed by the arguer or supporters in favorable terms


A substance that is NOT generally considered to be a toxic pollutant in water is
(A) carbonic acid
(B) a halogenated hydrocarbon
(C) lead
(D) mercury

Question: A substance that is NOT generally considered to be a toxic pollutant in water is

Answer:
(A) carbonic acid
(B) a halogenated hydrocarbon
(C) lead
(D) mercury


A member of the president's cabinet is said to have "gone native" when that cabinet member
(A) resigns to take a position as a consultant to lobbying groups
(B) cedes control of his or her department to lifelong bureaucrats within the department
(C) places his or her department's priorities above the president's
(D) accepts bribes or expensive favors from businesses regulated by his or her department

Question: A member of the president's cabinet is said to have "gone native" when that cabinet member

resigns to take a position as a consultant to lobbying groups

cedes control of his or her department to lifelong bureaucrats within the department

places his or her department's priorities above the president's

accepts bribes or expensive favors from businesses regulated by his or her department

Answer:
(A) resigns to take a position as a consultant to lobbying groups
(B) cedes control of his or her department to lifelong bureaucrats within the department
(C) places his or her department's priorities above the president's
(D) accepts bribes or expensive favors from businesses regulated by his or her department


0.25 mol of a weak, monoprotic acid is dissolved in 0.25 L of distilled water. The pH was then measured as 4.26. What is the pKa of this weak acid?
(A) 4.26
(B) 8.52
(C) 7.52
(D) 3.66

Question: 0.25 mol of a weak, monoprotic acid is dissolved in 0.25 L of distilled water. The pH was then measured as 4.26. What is the pKa of this weak acid?

Answer:
(A) 4.26
(B) 8.52
(C) 7.52
(D) 3.66


What is the most rapidly growing religion in the United States today?
(A) Islam
(B) Christianity
(C) Hinduism
(D) Buddhism

Question: What is the most rapidly growing religion in the United States today?

Answer:
(A) Islam
(B) Christianity
(C) Hinduism
(D) Buddhism


Heat is added to a cylindrical aluminum rod of radius Q and length ℓ. The temperature difference between the two ends of the rod varies from 10°C to 20°C. What geometric factors will influence the rate heat is transferred along the rod?
(A) Only the length
(B) Only the area of the rod
(C) Both the length and area
(D) Neither the length nor area

Question: Heat is added to a cylindrical aluminum rod of radius Q and length ℓ. The temperature difference between the two ends of the rod varies from 10°C to 20°C. What geometric factors will influence the rate heat is transferred along the rod?

Answer:
(A) Only the length
(B) Only the area of the rod
(C) Both the length and area
(D) Neither the length nor area


The basis for the answer in number 1 is
(A) P or wage rate of labor > MRP of labor and with one additional unit of labor, wage rate < MRP.
(B) P or wage rate of labor < MRP of labor and with one additional unit of labor WI, > MRP.
(C) total revenue is at a maximum.
(D) total output is at a maximum.

Question: The basis for the answer in number 1 is

P or wage rate of labor > MRP of labor and with one additional unit of labor, wage rate < MRP.

P or wage rate of labor < MRP of labor and with one additional unit of labor WI, > MRP.

Answer:
(A) P or wage rate of labor > MRP of labor and with one additional unit of labor, wage rate < MRP.
(B) P or wage rate of labor < MRP of labor and with one additional unit of labor WI, > MRP.
(C) total revenue is at a maximum.
(D) total output is at a maximum.


Which foods tend to be consumed in lower quantities in Wales and Scotland (as of 2020)?

(A) Meat
(B) Confectionary
(C) Fruits and vegetables
(D) Potatoes

Question: Which foods tend to be consumed in lower quantities in Wales and Scotland (as of 2020)?

Answer:
(A) Meat
(B) Confectionary
(C) Fruits and vegetables
(D) Potatoes


Cobalt-60 is used in the radiation therapy of cancer and can be produced by bombardment of cobalt-59 with which of the following?
(A) Neutrons
(B) Alpha particles
(C) Beta particles
(D) X-rays

Question: Cobalt-60 is used in the radiation therapy of cancer and can be produced by bombardment of cobalt-59 with which of the following?

Answer:
(A) Neutrons
(B) Alpha particles
(C) Beta particles
(D) X-rays


A big fish swims upon and swallows a small fish that is at rest. Right after lunch, the fattened big fish has a change in
(A) speed
(B) momentum
(C) Both
(D) Neither

Question: A big fish swims upon and swallows a small fish that is at rest. Right after lunch, the fattened big fish has a change in

Answer:
(A) speed
(B) momentum
(C) Both
(D) Neither


The base composition of DNA varies from one species to another. Which of the following ratios would you expect to remain constant in the DNA?
(A) Cytosine : Adenine
(B) Pyrimidine : Purine
(C) Adenine : Guanine
(D) Guanine : Deoxyribose

Question: The base composition of DNA varies from one species to another. Which of the following ratios would you expect to remain constant in the DNA?

Answer:
(A) Cytosine : Adenine
(B) Pyrimidine : Purine
(C) Adenine : Guanine
(D) Guanine : Deoxyribose


This question refers to the following information.
I don't know whether this world has meaning that transcends it. But I know that I do not know that meaning, and that it is impossible just now for me to know it. What can a meaning outside my condition mean to me? I can understand only in human terms.
Albert Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus," 1955
The author of the above passage was most associated with which of the following movements?
(A) Existentialism
(B) Religious fundamentalism
(C) New age syncretism
(D) Liberation theology

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
I don't know whether this world has meaning that transcends it. But I know that I do not know that meaning, and that it is impossible just now for me to know it. What can a meaning outside my condition mean to me? I can understand only in human terms.
Albert Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus," 1955
The author of the above passage was most associated with which of the following movements?

Answer:
(A) Existentialism
(B) Religious fundamentalism
(C) New age syncretism
(D) Liberation theology


 Which Roman statesman encouraged civic religion in his work The Laws?
(A) Varro
(B) Plato
(C) Cicero
(D) Augustus

Question: Which Roman statesman encouraged civic religion in his work The Laws?

Answer:
(A) Varro
(B) Plato
(C) Cicero
(D) Augustus


The phenomenon of beats results from sound
(A) reflection.
(B) refraction.
(C) interference.
(D) All of these.

Question: The phenomenon of beats results from sound

Answer:
(A) reflection.
(B) refraction.
(C) interference.
(D) All of these.


As of 2013, share of people in the United States who think political parties are corrupt is
(A) 36%
(B) 56%
(C) 76%
(D) 96%

Question: As of 2013, share of people in the United States who think political parties are corrupt is

Answer:
(A) 36%
(B) 56%
(C) 76%
(D) 96%


The soils of which of the following biomes has the highest rate of leaching and cycling of nutrients?
(A) Tropical rain forest
(B) Tundra
(C) Taiga
(D) Desert

Question: The soils of which of the following biomes has the highest rate of leaching and cycling of nutrients?

Answer:
(A) Tropical rain forest
(B) Tundra
(C) Taiga
(D) Desert


Which of the following characteristics are generally consistent with date rape?
(A) use of excessive force
(B) premeditated
(C) sexually motivated
(D) involves use of a weapon

Question: Which of the following characteristics are generally consistent with date rape?

Answer:
(A) use of excessive force
(B) premeditated
(C) sexually motivated
(D) involves use of a weapon


Which of the following is/are likely to cause coital pain for BOTH men and women?
(A) infections
(B) foreskin too tight
(C) vaginismus
(D) both A and C

Question: Which of the following is/are likely to cause coital pain for BOTH men and women?

Answer:
(A) infections
(B) foreskin too tight
(C) vaginismus
(D) both A and C


A 2 μF capacitor is connected directly to a battery. When the capacitor is fully charged, it stores 600 μC of charge. An experimenter replaces the 2 μF capacitor with three 18 μF capacitors in series connected to the same battery. Once the capacitors are fully charged, what charge is stored on each capacitor?
(A) 100 μC
(B) 200 μC
(C) 600 μC
(D) 1800 μC

Question: A 2 μF capacitor is connected directly to a battery. When the capacitor is fully charged, it stores 600 μC of charge. An experimenter replaces the 2 μF capacitor with three 18 μF capacitors in series connected to the same battery. Once the capacitors are fully charged, what charge is stored on each capacitor?

Answer:
(A) 100 μC
(B) 200 μC
(C) 600 μC
(D) 1800 μC


More and more detrimental effects of malnutrition during childhood and adult life have been identified. The effects of over nutrition e.g. overweight and obesity are less well known. Overweight and obesity are associated with which of the following

(A) Cardiovascular disease
(B) Breast cancer
(C) Type 2 diabetes (maturity onset)
(D) all of the options given are correct

Question: More and more detrimental effects of malnutrition during childhood and adult life have been identified. The effects of over nutrition e.g. overweight and obesity are less well known. Overweight and obesity are associated with which of the following

Answer:
(A) Cardiovascular disease
(B) Breast cancer
(C) Type 2 diabetes (maturity onset)
(D) all of the options given are correct


Specialisation is a feature of which organisational structure?
(A) Matrix
(B) Divisional
(C) Multi-divisional
(D) Functional

Question: Specialisation is a feature of which organisational structure?

Answer:
(A) Matrix
(B) Divisional
(C) Multi-divisional
(D) Functional


Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) Protocol 14 changed the committee that hears admissibility cases from a three judge to a one judge formation
(B) Protocol 14 added a new criterion for admissibility
(C) Protocol 14 abolished the Commission of Human Rights
(D) Protocol 14 extended the judicial term of office for the European Court of Human Rights

Question: Which one of the following statements is false?

Protocol 14 changed the committee that hears admissibility cases from a three judge to a one judge formation

Protocol 14 added a new criterion for admissibility

Protocol 14 abolished the Commission of Human Rights

Protocol 14 extended the judicial term of office for the European Court of Human Rights

Answer:
(A) Protocol 14 changed the committee that hears admissibility cases from a three judge to a one judge formation
(B) Protocol 14 added a new criterion for admissibility
(C) Protocol 14 abolished the Commission of Human Rights
(D) Protocol 14 extended the judicial term of office for the European Court of Human Rights


Which of the following most accurately describes a retrotransposon?
(A) A DNA sequence that can move from one site in the genome to another without replicating
(B) A DNA sequence that can be deleted from the genome without consequence
(C) A DNA sequence that replicates via an RNA intermediate
(D) A DNA sequence that replicates via a protein intermediate

Question: Which of the following most accurately describes a retrotransposon?

A DNA sequence that can move from one site in the genome to another without replicating

A DNA sequence that can be deleted from the genome without consequence

A DNA sequence that replicates via an RNA intermediate

A DNA sequence that replicates via a protein intermediate

Answer:
(A) A DNA sequence that can move from one site in the genome to another without replicating
(B) A DNA sequence that can be deleted from the genome without consequence
(C) A DNA sequence that replicates via an RNA intermediate
(D) A DNA sequence that replicates via a protein intermediate


 Select the best translation into predicate logic: No artifacts are people.
(A) ~Pa
(B) (∀x)(Ax ⊃ ~Px)
(C) ~Ap
(D) (∀x)(Ax • ~Px)

Question: Select the best translation into predicate logic: No artifacts are people.

Answer:
(A) ~Pa
(B) (∀x)(Ax ⊃ ~Px)
(C) ~Ap
(D) (∀x)(Ax • ~Px)


What is the difference between conciliation and mediation?
(A) Conciliation is the continuation of mediation with the difference that conciliation produces a binding result, while mediation not
(B) Conciliation is conducted exclusively by representatives of the UN Secretary-General, while mediation may also be conducted by third States' officials
(C) Mediation is usually conducted by a person appointed with the consent of the parties, while conciliation involves a commission, which proceeds to an impartial examination of the dispute and proposes settlement terms
(D) Conciliation is a method of dispute settlement pursued only by virtue of a treaty, while mediation may also be on an ad hoc basis

Question: What is the difference between conciliation and mediation?

Conciliation is the continuation of mediation with the difference that conciliation produces a binding result, while mediation not

Conciliation is conducted exclusively by representatives of the UN Secretary-General, while mediation may also be conducted by third States' officials

Mediation is usually conducted by a person appointed with the consent of the parties, while conciliation involves a commission, which proceeds to an impartial examination of the dispute and proposes settlement terms

Conciliation is a method of dispute settlement pursued only by virtue of a treaty, while mediation may also be on an ad hoc basis

Answer:
(A) Conciliation is the continuation of mediation with the difference that conciliation produces a binding result, while mediation not
(B) Conciliation is conducted exclusively by representatives of the UN Secretary-General, while mediation may also be conducted by third States' officials
(C) Mediation is usually conducted by a person appointed with the consent of the parties, while conciliation involves a commission, which proceeds to an impartial examination of the dispute and proposes settlement terms
(D) Conciliation is a method of dispute settlement pursued only by virtue of a treaty, while mediation may also be on an ad hoc basis


This question refers to the following information.
Literacy rates among the Russian-speaking population of late Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union, 1897–1955
Literacy Rate
1897  24%
1917  45%
1926  56%
1937  75%
1939  81.10%
1955  99.90%
Source: Census data and Soviet Ministry of Education
A historian sympathetic to Soviet communism would most likely use the chart as evidence to support which of the following propositions?
(A) The ideals of the Russian Revolution were betrayed by the Leninist and Stalinist regimes.
(B) Lenin and Stalin vastly improved Russian military preparedness.
(C) Communism has been made to work more efficiently in Russia than in China.
(D) Despite abuses on the part of Lenin and Stalin, the Soviet regime managed significant achievements.

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Literacy rates among the Russian-speaking population of late Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union, 1897–1955
Literacy Rate
1897  24%
1917  45%
1926  56%
1937  75%
1939  81.10%
1955  99.90%
Source: Census data and Soviet Ministry of Education
A historian sympathetic to Soviet communism would most likely use the chart as evidence to support which of the following propositions?

The ideals of the Russian Revolution were betrayed by the Leninist and Stalinist regimes.

Lenin and Stalin vastly improved Russian military preparedness.

Communism has been made to work more efficiently in Russia than in China.

Despite abuses on the part of Lenin and Stalin, the Soviet regime managed significant achievements.

Answer:
(A) The ideals of the Russian Revolution were betrayed by the Leninist and Stalinist regimes.
(B) Lenin and Stalin vastly improved Russian military preparedness.
(C) Communism has been made to work more efficiently in Russia than in China.
(D) Despite abuses on the part of Lenin and Stalin, the Soviet regime managed significant achievements.


Rigg Steele and Urco Corps. all accrual-basis calendar-year C corporations have only voting common stock outstanding. Rigg owns 85 percent of Steele and 40 percent of Urco. Steele owns 50 percent of Urco. Which group of corporations qualifies as an affiliated group and may join in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return?
(A) Rigg and Urco.
(B) Urco and Steele.
(C) Rigg Steele and Urco.
(D) An affiliated group does not exist.

Question: Rigg Steele and Urco Corps. all accrual-basis calendar-year C corporations have only voting common stock outstanding. Rigg owns 85 percent of Steele and 40 percent of Urco. Steele owns 50 percent of Urco. Which group of corporations qualifies as an affiliated group and may join in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return?

Answer:
(A) Rigg and Urco.
(B) Urco and Steele.
(C) Rigg Steele and Urco.
(D) An affiliated group does not exist.


 What genre of Sikh literature is denoted by the term janam-sakhis?
(A) Spiritual narratives
(B) Redemption narratives
(C) Birth narratives
(D) Theological narratives

Question: What genre of Sikh literature is denoted by the term janam-sakhis?

Answer:
(A) Spiritual narratives
(B) Redemption narratives
(C) Birth narratives
(D) Theological narratives


Which of the following statements is true of the temporomandibular joint?
(A) It has an articular disc of hyaline cartilage
(B) Its articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage
(C) Proprioceptive information is carried by the chorda tympani and deep temporal nerves
(D) Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves.

Question: Which of the following statements is true of the temporomandibular joint?

It has an articular disc of hyaline cartilage

Its articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage

Proprioceptive information is carried by the chorda tympani and deep temporal nerves

Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves.

Answer:
(A) It has an articular disc of hyaline cartilage
(B) Its articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage
(C) Proprioceptive information is carried by the chorda tympani and deep temporal nerves
(D) Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves.


If a warrant carries a right to buy one share of common stock and is exercisable at $20 per common share while the market price of a share is $30, the theoretical value of the warrant is:
(A) $20.00
(B) $10.00
(C) $5.00
(D) $0.00

Question: If a warrant carries a right to buy one share of common stock and is exercisable at $20 per common share while the market price of a share is $30, the theoretical value of the warrant is:

Answer:
(A) $20.00
(B) $10.00
(C) $5.00
(D) $0.00


This question refers to the following information.
Every two months His Majesty sends from Lima 60,000 pesos to pay for the mita of the Indians. Up on the Huanacavelica range there are 3,000 or 4,000 Indians working in the mercury mine, with picks and hammers, breaking up the ore. And when they have filled up their little sacks, the poor fellows, loaded down, climb up those ladders and rigging, so distressing that a man can hardly get up them. That is the way they work in this mine, with many lights and the loud noise of the pounding and great confusion. Nor is that the greatest evil; that is due to thievish and undisciplined superintendents. According to His Majesty's warrant, the mine owners at Potosí have a right to the mita of 13,300 Indians. These mita Indians earn each day 4 reals. Besides these there are others not under obligation, who hire themselves out voluntarily: these each get from 12 to 16 reals, and some up to 24, according to how well they wield their picks or their reputation for knowing how to get the ore out.
Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, report on mining in Huanacavelica and Potosí, 1620s
The third principal reason the local Yakut and Tungus natives are ruined is that from the time they first came under Russian control, they have been forced to pay yasak tribute. Some have paid in sables, others in red foxes, still others in cash. At first there were plenty of furbearing animals there, but now there are no sables and not many foxes in those lands, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean all the way south to the great Lena River. Moreover, almost half the natives cannot hunt because they no longer have horses, many of which have been pawned to the yasak collectors.
Heinrich von Füch, "On the Treatment of Natives in Northeast Siberia," 1744
According to the second passage, which of the following contributed most to the burden faced by native Siberians attempting to fulfill their tribute obligations?
(A) Interference by Russian Orthodox missionaries
(B) Native inexperience in hunting deep into the subarctic tundra
(C) Competition from Russian hunters and trappers
(D) Overhunting and depletion of furbearing animals

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Every two months His Majesty sends from Lima 60,000 pesos to pay for the mita of the Indians. Up on the Huanacavelica range there are 3,000 or 4,000 Indians working in the mercury mine, with picks and hammers, breaking up the ore. And when they have filled up their little sacks, the poor fellows, loaded down, climb up those ladders and rigging, so distressing that a man can hardly get up them. That is the way they work in this mine, with many lights and the loud noise of the pounding and great confusion. Nor is that the greatest evil; that is due to thievish and undisciplined superintendents. According to His Majesty's warrant, the mine owners at Potosí have a right to the mita of 13,300 Indians. These mita Indians earn each day 4 reals. Besides these there are others not under obligation, who hire themselves out voluntarily: these each get from 12 to 16 reals, and some up to 24, according to how well they wield their picks or their reputation for knowing how to get the ore out.
Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, report on mining in Huanacavelica and Potosí, 1620s
The third principal reason the local Yakut and Tungus natives are ruined is that from the time they first came under Russian control, they have been forced to pay yasak tribute. Some have paid in sables, others in red foxes, still others in cash. At first there were plenty of furbearing animals there, but now there are no sables and not many foxes in those lands, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean all the way south to the great Lena River. Moreover, almost half the natives cannot hunt because they no longer have horses, many of which have been pawned to the yasak collectors.
Heinrich von Füch, "On the Treatment of Natives in Northeast Siberia," 1744
According to the second passage, which of the following contributed most to the burden faced by native Siberians attempting to fulfill their tribute obligations?

Interference by Russian Orthodox missionaries

Native inexperience in hunting deep into the subarctic tundra

Competition from Russian hunters and trappers

Overhunting and depletion of furbearing animals

Answer:
(A) Interference by Russian Orthodox missionaries
(B) Native inexperience in hunting deep into the subarctic tundra
(C) Competition from Russian hunters and trappers
(D) Overhunting and depletion of furbearing animals


 The process of outsourcing a task or group of tasks to a generally large group of people is known as:
(A) Social media marketing.
(B) Internet advertising.
(C) Crowdsourcing.
(D) E-marketing.

Question: The process of outsourcing a task or group of tasks to a generally large group of people is known as:

Answer:
(A) Social media marketing.
(B) Internet advertising.
(C) Crowdsourcing.
(D) E-marketing.


Statement 1 | For any two groups G and G', there exists a homomorphism of G into G'. Statement 2 | Every homomorphism is a one-to-one map.
(A) True, True
(B) False, False
(C) True, False
(D) False, True

Question: Statement 1 | For any two groups G and G', there exists a homomorphism of G into G'. Statement 2 | Every homomorphism is a one-to-one map.

Answer:
(A) True, True
(B) False, False
(C) True, False
(D) False, True


Which coefficient indicates the strongest correlation?
(A) -1
(B) -0.33
(C) 0
(D) 0.5

Question: Which coefficient indicates the strongest correlation?

Answer:
(A) -1
(B) -0.33
(C) 0
(D) 0.5


Which of the following would shift the aggregate demand curve to the left?
(A) An increase in consumer confidence.
(B) Business firms expect lower sales in the future.
(C) Foreigners develop a preference for our products.
(D) Government increases its level of spending.

Question: Which of the following would shift the aggregate demand curve to the left?

Business firms expect lower sales in the future.

Foreigners develop a preference for our products.

Government increases its level of spending.

Answer:
(A) An increase in consumer confidence.
(B) Business firms expect lower sales in the future.
(C) Foreigners develop a preference for our products.
(D) Government increases its level of spending.


This question refers to the following information.
"From the confines of Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible tale has gone forth and very frequently has been brought to our ears, namely, that a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race utterly alienated from God, a generation forsooth which has not directed its heart and has not entrusted its spirit to God, has invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by the sword, pillage and fire; it has led away a part of the captives into its own country, and a part it has destroyed by cruel tortures; it has either entirely destroyed the churches of God or appropriated them for the rites of its own religion….The kingdom of the Greeks is now dismembered by them and deprived of territory so vast in extent that it cannot be traversed in a march of two months. On whom therefore is the labor of avenging these wrongs and of recovering this territory incumbent, if not upon you? You, upon whom above other nations God has conferred remarkable glory in arms, great courage, bodily activity, and strength to humble the hairy scalp of those who resist you.
Let the deeds of your ancestors move you and incite your minds to manly achievements; the glory and greatness of king Charles the Great, and of his son Louis, and of your other kings, who have destroyed the kingdoms of the pagans, and extended in these lands the territory of the holy church. Let the holy sepulchre of the Lord our Savior, which is possessed by unclean nations, especially incite you, and the holy places which are now treated with ignominy and irreverently polluted with their filthiness. Oh, most valiant soldiers and descendants of invincible ancestors, be not degenerate, but recall the valor of your progenitors.
Jerusalem is the navel of the world; the land is fruitful above others, like another paradise of delights. This the Redeemer of the human race has made illustrious by His advent, has beautified by residence, has consecrated by suffering, has redeemed by death, has glorified by burial. This royal city, therefore, situated at the center of the world, is now held captive by His enemies, and is in subjection to those who do not know God, to the worship of the heathens. She seeks therefore and desires to be liberated and does not cease to implore you to come to her aid. From you especially she asks succor, because, as we have already said, God has conferred upon you above all nations great glory in arms. Accordingly undertake this journey for the remission of your sins, with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the kingdom of heaven."
Pope Urban II, Speech at the Council of Clermont as recorded by Robert the Monk, 1095 C.E.
Which of the following events most directly inspired Urban's invocation of Constantinople in the first paragraph?
(A) The conquest of Constantinople by the armies of the Abbasid Caliphate
(B) The invasion of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks
(C) The invasion of the Balkans by the Avars and Bulgars
(D) The conversion of the people of Constantinople to Catholic Christianity

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
"From the confines of Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible tale has gone forth and very frequently has been brought to our ears, namely, that a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race utterly alienated from God, a generation forsooth which has not directed its heart and has not entrusted its spirit to God, has invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by the sword, pillage and fire; it has led away a part of the captives into its own country, and a part it has destroyed by cruel tortures; it has either entirely destroyed the churches of God or appropriated them for the rites of its own religion….The kingdom of the Greeks is now dismembered by them and deprived of territory so vast in extent that it cannot be traversed in a march of two months. On whom therefore is the labor of avenging these wrongs and of recovering this territory incumbent, if not upon you? You, upon whom above other nations God has conferred remarkable glory in arms, great courage, bodily activity, and strength to humble the hairy scalp of those who resist you.
Let the deeds of your ancestors move you and incite your minds to manly achievements; the glory and greatness of king Charles the Great, and of his son Louis, and of your other kings, who have destroyed the kingdoms of the pagans, and extended in these lands the territory of the holy church. Let the holy sepulchre of the Lord our Savior, which is possessed by unclean nations, especially incite you, and the holy places which are now treated with ignominy and irreverently polluted with their filthiness. Oh, most valiant soldiers and descendants of invincible ancestors, be not degenerate, but recall the valor of your progenitors.
Jerusalem is the navel of the world; the land is fruitful above others, like another paradise of delights. This the Redeemer of the human race has made illustrious by His advent, has beautified by residence, has consecrated by suffering, has redeemed by death, has glorified by burial. This royal city, therefore, situated at the center of the world, is now held captive by His enemies, and is in subjection to those who do not know God, to the worship of the heathens. She seeks therefore and desires to be liberated and does not cease to implore you to come to her aid. From you especially she asks succor, because, as we have already said, God has conferred upon you above all nations great glory in arms. Accordingly undertake this journey for the remission of your sins, with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the kingdom of heaven."
Pope Urban II, Speech at the Council of Clermont as recorded by Robert the Monk, 1095 C.E.
Which of the following events most directly inspired Urban's invocation of Constantinople in the first paragraph?

The conquest of Constantinople by the armies of the Abbasid Caliphate

The invasion of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks

The invasion of the Balkans by the Avars and Bulgars

The conversion of the people of Constantinople to Catholic Christianity

Answer:
(A) The conquest of Constantinople by the armies of the Abbasid Caliphate
(B) The invasion of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks
(C) The invasion of the Balkans by the Avars and Bulgars
(D) The conversion of the people of Constantinople to Catholic Christianity


Are all acts of State organs attributed to the State under the law international responsibility?
(A) The conduct of any State organ shall be considered an act of that State, even in the case that this conduct was unauthorized or ultra vires
(B) Only the conduct of the higher echelons of the government of State shall be attributable to it
(C) The conduct of any State organs shall be considered an act of that State, provided that it is intra vires
(D) Only the conduct of the executive branch of the State shall be considered an act of that State.

Question: Are all acts of State organs attributed to the State under the law international responsibility?

The conduct of any State organ shall be considered an act of that State, even in the case that this conduct was unauthorized or ultra vires

Only the conduct of the higher echelons of the government of State shall be attributable to it

The conduct of any State organs shall be considered an act of that State, provided that it is intra vires

Only the conduct of the executive branch of the State shall be considered an act of that State.

Answer:
(A) The conduct of any State organ shall be considered an act of that State, even in the case that this conduct was unauthorized or ultra vires
(B) Only the conduct of the higher echelons of the government of State shall be attributable to it
(C) The conduct of any State organs shall be considered an act of that State, provided that it is intra vires
(D) Only the conduct of the executive branch of the State shall be considered an act of that State.


Which of the following statements about methods of evaluating protein quality in human nutrition is correct?

(A) The rat protein efficiency ratio assay, (PER), is a good method of assessing protein quality for human nutrition.
(B) The rat net protein-utilisation assay, (NPU), is the best method of assessing protein quality for human nutrition.
(C) Animal growth assays underestimate the quality of dietary proteins for human nutrition
(D) The growing rat is a good model for assessing protein quality in human nutrition.

Question: Which of the following statements about methods of evaluating protein quality in human nutrition is correct?

The rat protein efficiency ratio assay, (PER), is a good method of assessing protein quality for human nutrition.

The rat net protein-utilisation assay, (NPU), is the best method of assessing protein quality for human nutrition.

Animal growth assays underestimate the quality of dietary proteins for human nutrition

The growing rat is a good model for assessing protein quality in human nutrition.

Answer:
(A) The rat protein efficiency ratio assay, (PER), is a good method of assessing protein quality for human nutrition.
(B) The rat net protein-utilisation assay, (NPU), is the best method of assessing protein quality for human nutrition.
(C) Animal growth assays underestimate the quality of dietary proteins for human nutrition
(D) The growing rat is a good model for assessing protein quality in human nutrition.


Energy that is expended for standing at an office desk, walking to a file cabinet, and other office job-related activities is referred to the following energy expenditure component:

(A) Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
(B) Structured (volitional) exercise activity thermogenesis
(C) Physical activity (non-resting) energy expenditure
(D) Basal metabolic rate

Question: Energy that is expended for standing at an office desk, walking to a file cabinet, and other office job-related activities is referred to the following energy expenditure component:

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Structured (volitional) exercise activity thermogenesis

Physical activity (non-resting) energy expenditure

Answer:
(A) Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
(B) Structured (volitional) exercise activity thermogenesis
(C) Physical activity (non-resting) energy expenditure
(D) Basal metabolic rate


A 37-year-old man comes to the physician because of nonradiating low back pain for 3 days. The pain began after he worked in his yard. He has not had any change in bowel movements or urination. He had one similar episode 3 years ago that resolved spontaneously. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the back shows bilateral paravertebral muscle spasm. Range of motion is limited by pain. Straight-leg raising is negative. In addition to analgesia, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
(A) Bed rest
(B) Regular activity
(C) X-rays of the spine
(D) MRI of the spine

Question: A 37-year-old man comes to the physician because of nonradiating low back pain for 3 days. The pain began after he worked in his yard. He has not had any change in bowel movements or urination. He had one similar episode 3 years ago that resolved spontaneously. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the back shows bilateral paravertebral muscle spasm. Range of motion is limited by pain. Straight-leg raising is negative. In addition to analgesia, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Answer:
(A) Bed rest
(B) Regular activity
(C) X-rays of the spine
(D) MRI of the spine


African lungfish often live in small, stagnant, freshwater pools. With reduced gills, they differ from other fish in that they breathe air. They also differ in that they release the nitrogen waste urea instead of ammonia. Which of the following statements correctly explains how this is an advantage for lungfish?
(A) Urea is insoluble in water and sinks to the bottom of the small pools. Thus the poisonous substance is isolated from the fish.
(B) Ammonia, which is highly toxic, would endanger lungfish that inhabit the small pools.
(C) Other fish in the small pools can use urea as an energy source.
(D) The highly toxic urea makes the pool uninhabitable to competitors.

Question: African lungfish often live in small, stagnant, freshwater pools. With reduced gills, they differ from other fish in that they breathe air. They also differ in that they release the nitrogen waste urea instead of ammonia. Which of the following statements correctly explains how this is an advantage for lungfish?

Urea is insoluble in water and sinks to the bottom of the small pools. Thus the poisonous substance is isolated from the fish.

Ammonia, which is highly toxic, would endanger lungfish that inhabit the small pools.

Other fish in the small pools can use urea as an energy source.

The highly toxic urea makes the pool uninhabitable to competitors.

Answer:
(A) Urea is insoluble in water and sinks to the bottom of the small pools. Thus the poisonous substance is isolated from the fish.
(B) Ammonia, which is highly toxic, would endanger lungfish that inhabit the small pools.
(C) Other fish in the small pools can use urea as an energy source.
(D) The highly toxic urea makes the pool uninhabitable to competitors.


Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) Marketing is the term used to refer only to the sales function within a firm.
(B) Marketing managers don't usually get involved in production or distribution decisions.
(C) Marketing is an activity that considers only the needs of the organization; not the needs of society as a whole.
(D) Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.

Question: Which of the following statements is correct?

Marketing is the term used to refer only to the sales function within a firm.

Marketing managers don't usually get involved in production or distribution decisions.

Marketing is an activity that considers only the needs of the organization; not the needs of society as a whole.

Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.

Answer:
(A) Marketing is the term used to refer only to the sales function within a firm.
(B) Marketing managers don't usually get involved in production or distribution decisions.
(C) Marketing is an activity that considers only the needs of the organization; not the needs of society as a whole.
(D) Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.


As of 2017, the share of global deaths by suicide is about
(A) 0.70%
(B) 1.40%
(C) 2.80%
(D) 5.60%

Question: As of 2017, the share of global deaths by suicide is about

Answer:
(A) 0.70%
(B) 1.40%
(C) 2.80%
(D) 5.60%


Which of the following would NOT be considered a barrier to diffusion of a cultural trait?
(A) Language
(B) Religion
(C) Oceans
(D) Tolerant complaisant citizens

Question: Which of the following would NOT be considered a barrier to diffusion of a cultural trait?

Answer:
(A) Language
(B) Religion
(C) Oceans
(D) Tolerant complaisant citizens


How does Nozick answer the criticism of his historical entitlement theory that if the distribution of goods in society is unjust those at the bottom always lose?
(A) It can be remedied by redistribution of wealth.
(B) If each person's holdings are just, then the total distribution of holdings is just.
(C) Historical factors are secondary to moral imperatives.
(D) He has no answer.

Question: How does Nozick answer the criticism of his historical entitlement theory that if the distribution of goods in society is unjust those at the bottom always lose?

It can be remedied by redistribution of wealth.

If each person's holdings are just, then the total distribution of holdings is just.

Historical factors are secondary to moral imperatives.

Answer:
(A) It can be remedied by redistribution of wealth.
(B) If each person's holdings are just, then the total distribution of holdings is just.
(C) Historical factors are secondary to moral imperatives.
(D) He has no answer.


How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?
(A) through exothermic chemical reactions converting chemical potential energy into thermal energy
(B) nuclear fusion
(C) by contracting changing gravitational potential energy into thermal energy
(D) internal friction due to its rapid rotation rate and differential rotation

Question: How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?

through exothermic chemical reactions converting chemical potential energy into thermal energy

by contracting changing gravitational potential energy into thermal energy

internal friction due to its rapid rotation rate and differential rotation

Answer:
(A) through exothermic chemical reactions converting chemical potential energy into thermal energy
(B) nuclear fusion
(C) by contracting changing gravitational potential energy into thermal energy
(D) internal friction due to its rapid rotation rate and differential rotation


This question refers to the following information.
Source 1:
"It is impossible to demand that an impossible position should be cleared up by peaceful revision and at the same time constantly reject peaceful revision. It is also impossible to say that he who undertakes to carry out these revisions for himself transgresses a law, since the Versailles "Diktat" is not law to us. A signature was forced out of us with pistols at our head and with the threat of hunger for millions of people. And then this document, with our signature, obtained by force, was proclaimed as a solemn law."
Adolf Hitler, speech to the Reichstag, September 1, 1939
Source 2:
"We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and the oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender."
Winston Churchill, speech before Parliament, June 4, 1940
What is the historical background for Adolf Hitler's condemnation of the Treaty of Versailles mentioned in Source 1?
(A) Hitler's belief that Poland's territorial borders should not be violated
(B) A rising intolerance of ethnic and political minority groups
(C) A widespread belief in Germany that it had been unfairly treated at the end of World War I
(D) Hitler's attempted collaboration with Italian leader Benito Mussolini

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Source 1:
"It is impossible to demand that an impossible position should be cleared up by peaceful revision and at the same time constantly reject peaceful revision. It is also impossible to say that he who undertakes to carry out these revisions for himself transgresses a law, since the Versailles "Diktat" is not law to us. A signature was forced out of us with pistols at our head and with the threat of hunger for millions of people. And then this document, with our signature, obtained by force, was proclaimed as a solemn law."
Adolf Hitler, speech to the Reichstag, September 1, 1939
Source 2:
"We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and the oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender."
Winston Churchill, speech before Parliament, June 4, 1940
What is the historical background for Adolf Hitler's condemnation of the Treaty of Versailles mentioned in Source 1?

Hitler's belief that Poland's territorial borders should not be violated

A rising intolerance of ethnic and political minority groups

A widespread belief in Germany that it had been unfairly treated at the end of World War I

Hitler's attempted collaboration with Italian leader Benito Mussolini

Answer:
(A) Hitler's belief that Poland's territorial borders should not be violated
(B) A rising intolerance of ethnic and political minority groups
(C) A widespread belief in Germany that it had been unfairly treated at the end of World War I
(D) Hitler's attempted collaboration with Italian leader Benito Mussolini


A gas undergoes an expansion-compression cycle. If, plotted on a P-V diagram, the cycle is counterclockwise and the work is 300 J in magnitude, what was the heat transfer during this cycle?
(A) 300 J into the system
(B) 300 J out of the system
(C) 600 J into the system
(D) 600 J out of the system

Question: A gas undergoes an expansion-compression cycle. If, plotted on a P-V diagram, the cycle is counterclockwise and the work is 300 J in magnitude, what was the heat transfer during this cycle?

Answer:
(A) 300 J into the system
(B) 300 J out of the system
(C) 600 J into the system
(D) 600 J out of the system


What was unique about the NATO intervention in Kosovo?
(A) It was the first time the US became involved in the Balkans
(B) It was the first time NATO used military force
(C) It was the first war won by airpower alone
(D) It was the first war to employ 'smart weapons'

Question: What was unique about the NATO intervention in Kosovo?

It was the first time the US became involved in the Balkans

It was the first time NATO used military force

It was the first war won by airpower alone

It was the first war to employ 'smart weapons'

Answer:
(A) It was the first time the US became involved in the Balkans
(B) It was the first time NATO used military force
(C) It was the first war won by airpower alone
(D) It was the first war to employ 'smart weapons'


Most viral vaccines are produced by which of the following techniques?
(A) Traditional cell culture
(B) Molecular biology
(C) Animal tissues in vitro
(D) VLPs (virus like particles)

Question: Most viral vaccines are produced by which of the following techniques?

Answer:
(A) Traditional cell culture
(B) Molecular biology
(C) Animal tissues in vitro
(D) VLPs (virus like particles)


Mike and Carol have been married for 5 years. Recently Mike has found that although he wants to have sex with Carol he has trouble getting aroused. However he does not have trouble getting aroused when he sees his secretary at work. Which of the following describe(s) Mike's dysfunction?
(A) Mike suffers from a global dysfunction.
(B) Mike suffers from erectile dysfunction.
(C) Mike suffers from lubrication inhibition.
(D) Mike must be having an affair with his secretary.

Question: Mike and Carol have been married for 5 years. Recently Mike has found that although he wants to have sex with Carol he has trouble getting aroused. However he does not have trouble getting aroused when he sees his secretary at work. Which of the following describe(s) Mike's dysfunction?

Mike suffers from lubrication inhibition.

Mike must be having an affair with his secretary.

Answer:
(A) Mike suffers from a global dysfunction.
(B) Mike suffers from erectile dysfunction.
(C) Mike suffers from lubrication inhibition.
(D) Mike must be having an affair with his secretary.


Of what is worker autonomy in decision making an example?
(A) Worker freedom
(B) Greater worker negotiation
(C) Worker empowerment
(D) Increased worker power

Question: Of what is worker autonomy in decision making an example?

Answer:
(A) Worker freedom
(B) Greater worker negotiation
(C) Worker empowerment
(D) Increased worker power


Positronium is an atom formed by an electron and a positron (antielectron). It is similar to the hydrogen atom, with the positron replacing the proton. If a positronium atom makes a transition from the state with n=3 to a state with n=1, the energy of the photon emitted in this transition is closest to
(A) 6.0 e
(B) 6.8 eV
(C) 12.2 eV
(D) 13.6 eV

Question: Positronium is an atom formed by an electron and a positron (antielectron). It is similar to the hydrogen atom, with the positron replacing the proton. If a positronium atom makes a transition from the state with n=3 to a state with n=1, the energy of the photon emitted in this transition is closest to

Answer:
(A) 6.0 e
(B) 6.8 eV
(C) 12.2 eV
(D) 13.6 eV


Which of the following satisfies the criteria for tertiary prevention in a school setting
(A) Individual counseling for students resuming from an institutional care facility
(B) Career guidance offered students unsure about plans after graduation
(C) Small-group counseling of students affected by initial stages of divorce
(D) Large-group programs emphasizing development of children's self- esteem

Question: Which of the following satisfies the criteria for tertiary prevention in a school setting

Individual counseling for students resuming from an institutional care facility

Career guidance offered students unsure about plans after graduation

Small-group counseling of students affected by initial stages of divorce

Large-group programs emphasizing development of children's self- esteem

Answer:
(A) Individual counseling for students resuming from an institutional care facility
(B) Career guidance offered students unsure about plans after graduation
(C) Small-group counseling of students affected by initial stages of divorce
(D) Large-group programs emphasizing development of children's self- esteem


A comet of mass m impacts the earth (mass M radius R) at the minimum impact speed. What is the expression for the total energy released in the impact?
(A) m*v
(B) 0.5*m/(R^3)
(C) 0.5*m*(2GM/R)
(D) 0.6*G(M^2)/R

Question: A comet of mass m impacts the earth (mass M radius R) at the minimum impact speed. What is the expression for the total energy released in the impact?

Answer:
(A) m*v
(B) 0.5*m/(R^3)
(C) 0.5*m*(2GM/R)
(D) 0.6*G(M^2)/R


Gary says he won $1000 in the lottery because he really knows how to pick those numbers. Gary would be said to have a strong ____ locus of control
(A) External, powerful others
(B) Internal
(C) External, chance
(D) Secondary

Question: Gary says he won $1000 in the lottery because he really knows how to pick those numbers. Gary would be said to have a strong ____ locus of control

Answer:
(A) External, powerful others
(B) Internal
(C) External, chance
(D) Secondary


A man entered into a written contract with a nationally famous artist. Their contract provided that the artist would paint a full-color portrait of the man, to be delivered by November 1, in exchange for $15,000. A contractual provision recited that the artist "guarantees that the quality of the portrait will be fully satisfactory. "The artist finished the portrait and presented it to the man on November 2. The man looked at the portrait and said, "This is awful! I really expected better. I'm not paying for this!" The artist was enraged by the man's reaction, as he felt the finished portrait was one of his best works. Which of the following arguments would be LEAST helpful to the artist in his efforts to recover on a breach of contract theory?
(A) The man's dissatisfaction with the quality of the portrait was not genuine.
(B) The man failed to make an adequate examination of the quality of the portrait.
(C) The man's dissatisfaction with the portrait was the result of delivery after November 1, rather than of any lack of quality in the portrait.
(D) Because of a recent hand injury, the artist did not have sufficient time to produce a portrait of a quality satisfactory to the man.

Question: A man entered into a written contract with a nationally famous artist. Their contract provided that the artist would paint a full-color portrait of the man, to be delivered by November 1, in exchange for $15,000. A contractual provision recited that the artist "guarantees that the quality of the portrait will be fully satisfactory. "The artist finished the portrait and presented it to the man on November 2. The man looked at the portrait and said, "This is awful! I really expected better. I'm not paying for this!" The artist was enraged by the man's reaction, as he felt the finished portrait was one of his best works. Which of the following arguments would be LEAST helpful to the artist in his efforts to recover on a breach of contract theory?

The man's dissatisfaction with the quality of the portrait was not genuine.

The man failed to make an adequate examination of the quality of the portrait.

The man's dissatisfaction with the portrait was the result of delivery after November 1, rather than of any lack of quality in the portrait.

Because of a recent hand injury, the artist did not have sufficient time to produce a portrait of a quality satisfactory to the man.

Answer:
(A) The man's dissatisfaction with the quality of the portrait was not genuine.
(B) The man failed to make an adequate examination of the quality of the portrait.
(C) The man's dissatisfaction with the portrait was the result of delivery after November 1, rather than of any lack of quality in the portrait.
(D) Because of a recent hand injury, the artist did not have sufficient time to produce a portrait of a quality satisfactory to the man.


The significance of Frere's discovery was that what he found was located:
(A) beneath the remains of extinct animals.
(B) on the surface, above the remains of extinct animals.
(C) in a region of Africa where no one thought humans had ever lived.
(D) on top of the ruins of a Medieval castle.

Question: The significance of Frere's discovery was that what he found was located:

on the surface, above the remains of extinct animals.

in a region of Africa where no one thought humans had ever lived.

on top of the ruins of a Medieval castle.

Answer:
(A) beneath the remains of extinct animals.
(B) on the surface, above the remains of extinct animals.
(C) in a region of Africa where no one thought humans had ever lived.
(D) on top of the ruins of a Medieval castle.


What were the primary institutions of the liberal international economic order?
I. GATT
II. IMF
III. World Bank
IV. NATO
(A) IV only
(B) II and III
(C) I, II, and III
(D) I, II, III, and IV

Question:
What were the primary institutions of the liberal international economic order?
I. GATT
II. IMF
III. World Bank
IV. NATO

Answer:
(A) IV only
(B) II and III
(C) I, II, and III
(D) I, II, III, and IV


Why are the inner planets made of denser materials than the outer planets?
(A) In the beginning when the protoplanetary disk was spinning faster centrifugal forces flung the lighter materials toward the outer parts of the solar nebula.
(B) In the inner part of the nebula only metals and rocks were able to condense because of the high temperatures whereas hydrogen compounds although more abundant were only able to condense in the cooler outer regions.
(C) Denser materials were heavier and sank to the center of the nebula.
(D) When the solar nebula formed a disk materials naturally segregated into bands and in our particular solar system the denser materials settled nearer the Sun while lighter materials are found in the outer part.

Question: Why are the inner planets made of denser materials than the outer planets?

In the beginning when the protoplanetary disk was spinning faster centrifugal forces flung the lighter materials toward the outer parts of the solar nebula.

In the inner part of the nebula only metals and rocks were able to condense because of the high temperatures whereas hydrogen compounds although more abundant were only able to condense in the cooler outer regions.

Denser materials were heavier and sank to the center of the nebula.

When the solar nebula formed a disk materials naturally segregated into bands and in our particular solar system the denser materials settled nearer the Sun while lighter materials are found in the outer part.

Answer:
(A) In the beginning when the protoplanetary disk was spinning faster centrifugal forces flung the lighter materials toward the outer parts of the solar nebula.
(B) In the inner part of the nebula only metals and rocks were able to condense because of the high temperatures whereas hydrogen compounds although more abundant were only able to condense in the cooler outer regions.
(C) Denser materials were heavier and sank to the center of the nebula.
(D) When the solar nebula formed a disk materials naturally segregated into bands and in our particular solar system the denser materials settled nearer the Sun while lighter materials are found in the outer part.


What is the NMR frequency of 31P in a 20.0 T magnetic field?
(A) 54.91 MHz
(B) 239.2 MHz
(C) 345.0 MHz
(D) 2167 MHz

Question: What is the NMR frequency of 31P in a 20.0 T magnetic field?

Answer:
(A) 54.91 MHz
(B) 239.2 MHz
(C) 345.0 MHz
(D) 2167 MHz


Which of these statements characterizes the traditional concept of national security, as opposed to human security?
(A) All of these options.
(B) In the national security approach, real threats are only those posed to human life, human rights, or human dignity.
(C) The traditional interpretations of security and threats are important boundaries that define human security.
(D) The concept of national security is too narrow to be useful when analysing the broad threats that currently exist.

Question: Which of these statements characterizes the traditional concept of national security, as opposed to human security?

In the national security approach, real threats are only those posed to human life, human rights, or human dignity.

The traditional interpretations of security and threats are important boundaries that define human security.

The concept of national security is too narrow to be useful when analysing the broad threats that currently exist.

Answer:
(A) All of these options.
(B) In the national security approach, real threats are only those posed to human life, human rights, or human dignity.
(C) The traditional interpretations of security and threats are important boundaries that define human security.
(D) The concept of national security is too narrow to be useful when analysing the broad threats that currently exist.


The focus of liberal feminists on equality is denounced by radical feminists as mistaken because:
(A) It treats women as objects.
(B) It makes women into men.
(C) It reduces feminism to a political movement.
(D) It overlooks the historical struggle of women for justice.

Question: The focus of liberal feminists on equality is denounced by radical feminists as mistaken because:

It reduces feminism to a political movement.

It overlooks the historical struggle of women for justice.

Answer:
(A) It treats women as objects.
(B) It makes women into men.
(C) It reduces feminism to a political movement.
(D) It overlooks the historical struggle of women for justice.


The four Primary Security Principles related to messages are
(A) Confidentiality, Integrity, Non repudiation and Authentication
(B) Confidentiality, Access Control, Integrity, Non repudiation
(C) Authentication, Authorization, Availability, Integrity
(D) Availability, Authorization, Confidentiality, Integrity

Question: The four Primary Security Principles related to messages are

Confidentiality, Integrity, Non repudiation and Authentication

Confidentiality, Access Control, Integrity, Non repudiation

Authentication, Authorization, Availability, Integrity

Availability, Authorization, Confidentiality, Integrity

Answer:
(A) Confidentiality, Integrity, Non repudiation and Authentication
(B) Confidentiality, Access Control, Integrity, Non repudiation
(C) Authentication, Authorization, Availability, Integrity
(D) Availability, Authorization, Confidentiality, Integrity


For polynomial regression, which one of these structural assumptions is the one that most affects the trade-off between underfitting and overfitting:
(A) The polynomial degree
(B) Whether we learn the weights by matrix inversion or gradient descent
(C) The assumed variance of the Gaussian noise
(D) The use of a constant-term unit input

Question: For polynomial regression, which one of these structural assumptions is the one that most affects the trade-off between underfitting and overfitting:

Whether we learn the weights by matrix inversion or gradient descent

The assumed variance of the Gaussian noise

Answer:
(A) The polynomial degree
(B) Whether we learn the weights by matrix inversion or gradient descent
(C) The assumed variance of the Gaussian noise
(D) The use of a constant-term unit input


By using which of the following elements, mechanical translational systems are obtained?
(A) mass element
(B) spring element
(C) dash-pot
(D) all of the above

Question: By using which of the following elements, mechanical translational systems are obtained?

Answer:
(A) mass element
(B) spring element
(C) dash-pot
(D) all of the above


This question refers to the following information.
Read the documents below.
Source 1
If then by the Use of Machines, the Manufacture of Cotton, an Article which we import, and are supplied with from other Countries, and which can everywhere be procured on equal Terms, has met with such amazing Success, may not greater Advantages be reasonably expected from cultivating to the utmost the Manufacture of Wool, the Produce of our own Island, an Article in Demand in all Countries, almost the universal Clothing of Mankind?
In the Manufacture of Woollens, the Scribbling Mill, the Spinning Frame, and the Fly Shuttle, have reduced manual Labour nearly One third, and each of them at its-first Introduction carried an Alarm to the Work People, yet each has contributed to advance the Wages and to increase the Trade, so that if an Attempt was now made to deprive us of the Use of them, there is no Doubt, but every Person engaged in the Business, would exert himself to defend them.
—Statement by the Cloth Merchants of Leeds, 1791
Source 2
Come, cropper lads of high renown,
Who love to drink good ale that's brown,
And strike each haughty tyrant down,
With hatchet, pike, and gun!
Oh, the cropper lads for me,
The gallant lads for me,
Who with lusty stroke,
The shear frames broke,
The cropper lads for me!
What though the specials still advance,
And soldiers nightly round us prance;
The cropper lads still lead the dance,
With hatchet, pike, and gun!
Oh, the cropper lads for me,
The gallant lads for me,
Who with lusty stroke
The shear frames broke,
The cropper lads for me!
—Luddite Song, The Cropper's Song, c. 1812
Which of the following best describes the governmental reactions to complaints such as those seen in Source 2 before 1850?
(A) Governments did little to address problems of industrialization before 1850.
(B) Reform movements led to the creation of regulations on work hours and ages and gender of workers.
(C) The implementation of running water and sewers was begun in England.
(D) The government created a national health-care system.

Question:
This question refers to the following information.
Read the documents below.
Source 1
If then by the Use of Machines, the Manufacture of Cotton, an Article which we import, and are supplied with from other Countries, and which can everywhere be procured on equal Terms, has met with such amazing Success, may not greater Advantages be reasonably expected from cultivating to the utmost the Manufacture of Wool, the Produce of our own Island, an Article in Demand in all Countries, almost the universal Clothing of Mankind?
In the Manufacture of Woollens, the Scribbling Mill, the Spinning Frame, and the Fly Shuttle, have reduced manual Labour nearly One third, and each of them at its-first Introduction carried an Alarm to the Work People, yet each has contributed to advance the Wages and to increase the Trade, so that if an Attempt was now made to deprive us of the Use of them, there is no Doubt, but every Person engaged in the Business, would exert himself to defend them.
—Statement by the Cloth Merchants of Leeds, 1791
Source 2
Come, cropper lads of high renown,
Who love to drink good ale that's brown,
And strike each haughty tyrant down,
With hatchet, pike, and gun!
Oh, the cropper lads for me,
The gallant lads for me,
Who with lusty stroke,
The shear frames broke,
The cropper lads for me!
What though the specials still advance,
And soldiers nightly round us prance;
The cropper lads still lead the dance,
With hatchet, pike, and gun!
Oh, the cropper lads for me,
The gallant lads for me,
Who with lusty stroke
The shear frames broke,
The cropper lads for me!
—Luddite Song, The Cropper's Song, c. 1812
Which of the following best describes the governmental reactions to complaints such as those seen in Source 2 before 1850?

Governments did little to address problems of industrialization before 1850.

Reform movements led to the creation of regulations on work hours and ages and gender of workers.

The implementation of running water and sewers was begun in England.

The government created a national health-care system.

Answer:
(A) Governments did little to address problems of industrialization before 1850.
(B) Reform movements led to the creation of regulations on work hours and ages and gender of workers.
(C) The implementation of running water and sewers was begun in England.
(D) The government created a national health-care system.


Which of the following is true for a firm operating under perfect competition in the long run?
(A) The firm will engage in non-price competition.
(B) The firm will realize economic profits.
(C) The firm will incur economic losses.
(D) The firm will realize zero economic profits.

Question: Which of the following is true for a firm operating under perfect competition in the long run?

The firm will engage in non-price competition.

The firm will realize zero economic profits.

Answer:
(A) The firm will engage in non-price competition.
(B) The firm will realize economic profits.
(C) The firm will incur economic losses.
(D) The firm will realize zero economic profits.


As of 2019, which of the following had the lowest life expectancy?
(A) Brazil
(B) China
(C) Mexico
(D) Iran

Question: As of 2019, which of the following had the lowest life expectancy?

Answer:
(A) Brazil
(B) China
(C) Mexico
(D) Iran


As of 2020, which architecture is best for classifying high-resolution images?
(A) convolutional networks
(B) graph networks
(C) fully connected networks
(D) RBF networks

Question: As of 2020, which architecture is best for classifying high-resolution images?

Answer:
(A) convolutional networks
(B) graph networks
(C) fully connected networks
(D) RBF networks


When the cross-price elasticity of demand is negative, the goods in question are necessarily
(A) normal
(B) inferior
(C) complements
(D) substitutes

Question: When the cross-price elasticity of demand is negative, the goods in question are necessarily

Answer:
(A) normal
(B) inferior
(C) complements
(D) substitutes


Which of these quantities decreases as the inverse square of distance for distances far from the objects producing the fields?
(A) the electric field produced by a finite-length charged rod
(B) the electric field produced by an infinitely long charged cylinder
(C) the electric field produced by an infinite plane of charge
(D) the magnetic field produced by an infinitely long, straight current-carrying wire

Question: Which of these quantities decreases as the inverse square of distance for distances far from the objects producing the fields?

the electric field produced by a finite-length charged rod

the electric field produced by an infinitely long charged cylinder

the electric field produced by an infinite plane of charge

the magnetic field produced by an infinitely long, straight current-carrying wire

Answer:
(A) the electric field produced by a finite-length charged rod
(B) the electric field produced by an infinitely long charged cylinder
(C) the electric field produced by an infinite plane of charge
(D) the magnetic field produced by an infinitely long, straight current-carrying wire


What is the most abundant fossil fuel?
(A) Phosphate
(B) Oil
(C) Petroleum
(D) Coal

Question: What is the most abundant fossil fuel?

Answer:
(A) Phosphate
(B) Oil
(C) Petroleum
(D) Coal


What does the doctrine of incorporation suggest in respect of treaties?
(A) The doctrine of incorporation requires that all treaties undergo legislative transformation before they become domestic law
(B) The doctrine of incorporation does not require any further action at the domestic level
(C) The doctrine of incorporation treats treaties as inferior to domestic law
(D) The doctrine of incorporation suggests that ratified treaties automatically pass into the sphere of domestic law

Question: What does the doctrine of incorporation suggest in respect of treaties?

The doctrine of incorporation requires that all treaties undergo legislative transformation before they become domestic law

The doctrine of incorporation does not require any further action at the domestic level

The doctrine of incorporation treats treaties as inferior to domestic law

The doctrine of incorporation suggests that ratified treaties automatically pass into the sphere of domestic law

Answer:
(A) The doctrine of incorporation requires that all treaties undergo legislative transformation before they become domestic law
(B) The doctrine of incorporation does not require any further action at the domestic level
(C) The doctrine of incorporation treats treaties as inferior to domestic law
(D) The doctrine of incorporation suggests that ratified treaties automatically pass into the sphere of domestic law


What is the output of 4*1**4 in python?
(A) 4
(B) 1
(C) 256
(D) 16

Question: What is the output of 4*1**4 in python?

Answer:
(A) 4
(B) 1
(C) 256
(D) 16


Which of the following statements about nuclear binding energies is NOT true?
(A) Binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum for 56Fe.
(B) Nuclear binding energies have about the same magnitude as chemical bond energies.
(C) Nuclei have slightly less mass than the sum of their component nucleons.
(D) The nuclei of heavy elements have more neutrons than protons in order to provide sufficient binding energy to hold the nuclei together.

Question: Which of the following statements about nuclear binding energies is NOT true?

Binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum for 56Fe.

Nuclear binding energies have about the same magnitude as chemical bond energies.

Nuclei have slightly less mass than the sum of their component nucleons.

The nuclei of heavy elements have more neutrons than protons in order to provide sufficient binding energy to hold the nuclei together.

Answer:
(A) Binding energy per nucleon reaches a maximum for 56Fe.
(B) Nuclear binding energies have about the same magnitude as chemical bond energies.
(C) Nuclei have slightly less mass than the sum of their component nucleons.
(D) The nuclei of heavy elements have more neutrons than protons in order to provide sufficient binding energy to hold the nuclei together.


Which writer is most associated with bureaucratic structures?
(A) Henry Fayol
(B) Max Weber
(C) Adam Smith
(D) Mary Parker Follett

Question: Which writer is most associated with bureaucratic structures?

Answer:
(A) Henry Fayol
(B) Max Weber
(C) Adam Smith
(D) Mary Parker Follett


Palatine shelf elevation is due to the effect of
(A) descent of the tongue.
(B) changes in flexure of the developing brain.
(C) hydrophilic molecules increasing turgor pressure in the palatine shelves.
(D) a combination of these three processes.

Question: Palatine shelf elevation is due to the effect of

changes in flexure of the developing brain.

hydrophilic molecules increasing turgor pressure in the palatine shelves.

Answer:
(A) descent of the tongue.
(B) changes in flexure of the developing brain.
(C) hydrophilic molecules increasing turgor pressure in the palatine shelves.
(D) a combination of these three processes.


How much toothpaste is recommended for cleaning teeth?
(A) A smear.
(B) A pea-sized amount.
(C) The length of the toothbrush.
(D) Half an inch.

Question: How much toothpaste is recommended for cleaning teeth?

Answer:
(A) A smear.
(B) A pea-sized amount.
(C) The length of the toothbrush.
(D) Half an inch.


The "c" in the word cat is best described as a
(A) phoneme.
(B) morpheme.
(C) holophrase.
(D) syllable.

Question: The "c" in the word cat is best described as a

Answer:
(A) phoneme.
(B) morpheme.
(C) holophrase.
(D) syllable.


A cell is placed into a hypertonic environment and its cytoplasm shrivels up. This demonstrates the principle of
(A) diffusion.
(B) active transport.
(C) facilitated diffusion.
(D) plasmolysis.

Question: A cell is placed into a hypertonic environment and its cytoplasm shrivels up. This demonstrates the principle of

Answer:
(A) diffusion.
(B) active transport.
(C) facilitated diffusion.
(D) plasmolysis.


Goldthorpe identified the 'service class' as:
(A) those in non-manual occupations, exercising authority on behalf of the state
(B) people working in consultancy firms who were recruited by big businesses
(C) the young men and women employed in domestic service in the nineteenth century
(D) those who had worked in the armed services

Question: Goldthorpe identified the 'service class' as:

those in non-manual occupations, exercising authority on behalf of the state

people working in consultancy firms who were recruited by big businesses

the young men and women employed in domestic service in the nineteenth century

those who had worked in the armed services

Answer:
(A) those in non-manual occupations, exercising authority on behalf of the state
(B) people working in consultancy firms who were recruited by big businesses
(C) the young men and women employed in domestic service in the nineteenth century
(D) those who had worked in the armed services


Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is generally true?
(A) Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.
(B) Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; fungi have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.
(C) Plants and fungi have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have only mitochondria.
(D) Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals and fungi have only mitochondria.

Question: Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is generally true?

Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.

Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; fungi have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.

Plants and fungi have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have only mitochondria.

Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals and fungi have only mitochondria.

Answer:
(A) Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.
(B) Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; fungi have mitochondria but no chloroplasts.
(C) Plants and fungi have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; animals have only mitochondria.
(D) Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals and fungi have only mitochondria.


The print revolution of the nineteenth century resulted in:
(A) mass production, mass circulation, and the decline of serious content
(B) the public ownership of newspapers as a shared resource
(C) more people going to the cinema as a new leisure activity
(D) a reduction of 'virtual communities' on the Internet

Question: The print revolution of the nineteenth century resulted in:

mass production, mass circulation, and the decline of serious content

the public ownership of newspapers as a shared resource

more people going to the cinema as a new leisure activity

a reduction of 'virtual communities' on the Internet

Answer:
(A) mass production, mass circulation, and the decline of serious content
(B) the public ownership of newspapers as a shared resource
(C) more people going to the cinema as a new leisure activity
(D) a reduction of 'virtual communities' on the Internet


Healthy eating, particularly relating to sugar and salt consumption, food and packaging waste and supply chain CO2 emissions are all business ethics issues facing the ________.
(A) Supermarket industry
(B) Chemicals industry
(C) Construction industry
(D) Information and mobile technology industry

Question: Healthy eating, particularly relating to sugar and salt consumption, food and packaging waste and supply chain CO2 emissions are all business ethics issues facing the ________.

Information and mobile technology industry

Answer:
(A) Supermarket industry
(B) Chemicals industry
(C) Construction industry
(D) Information and mobile technology industry


Suppose the angular separation of two stars is smaller than the angular resolution of your eyes. How will the stars appear to your eyes?
(A) You will not be able to see these two stars at all.
(B) You will see two distinct stars.
(C) The two stars will look like a single point of light.
(D) The two stars will appear to be touching looking rather like a small dumbbell.

Question: Suppose the angular separation of two stars is smaller than the angular resolution of your eyes. How will the stars appear to your eyes?

You will not be able to see these two stars at all.

The two stars will look like a single point of light.

The two stars will appear to be touching looking rather like a small dumbbell.

Answer:
(A) You will not be able to see these two stars at all.
(B) You will see two distinct stars.
(C) The two stars will look like a single point of light.
(D) The two stars will appear to be touching looking rather like a small dumbbell.


 Select the best English interpretation of the given proposition, using the following translation key: Ax: x is an apartment Hx: x is a house Lx: x is large Bxy: x is bigger than y (∀x){Ax ⊃ (∀y)[(Hy • Ly) ⊃ ∼Bxy]}
(A) All apartments are not bigger than some large house.
(B) No apartment is bigger than any large house.
(C) All large houses are not bigger than some apartment.
(D) No large house is bigger than all apartments.

Question: Select the best English interpretation of the given proposition, using the following translation key: Ax: x is an apartment Hx: x is a house Lx: x is large Bxy: x is bigger than y (∀x){Ax ⊃ (∀y)[(Hy • Ly) ⊃ ∼Bxy]}

All apartments are not bigger than some large house.

No apartment is bigger than any large house.

All large houses are not bigger than some apartment.

No large house is bigger than all apartments.

Answer:
(A) All apartments are not bigger than some large house.
(B) No apartment is bigger than any large house.
(C) All large houses are not bigger than some apartment.
(D) No large house is bigger than all apartments.


Ectoderm gives rise to
(A) the neural tube.
(B) ectomesenchymal cells.
(C) dental enamel.
(D) all three structures.

Question: Ectoderm gives rise to

Answer:
(A) the neural tube.
(B) ectomesenchymal cells.
(C) dental enamel.
(D) all three structures.


According to Noam Chomsky’s nativist theory, language is largely the result of:
(A) innate factors.
(B) operant conditioning.
(C) parental modeling.
(D) cognitive development.

Question: According to Noam Chomsky’s nativist theory, language is largely the result of:

Answer:
(A) innate factors.
(B) operant conditioning.
(C) parental modeling.
(D) cognitive development.


The red glow in the neon tube of an advertising sign is a result of
(A) fluorescence
(B) incandescence
(C) de-excitation
(D) polarization

Question: The red glow in the neon tube of an advertising sign is a result of

Answer:
(A) fluorescence
(B) incandescence
(C) de-excitation
(D) polarization


S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)
(A) either S(s) or O2(g) will be completely used up
(B) Q must be close to 1.0 since there is one mole of gas on each side of the equation
(C) this reaction goes to completion
(D) adding O2 will change the equilibrium constant

Question: S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

either S(s) or O2(g) will be completely used up

Q must be close to 1.0 since there is one mole of gas on each side of the equation

adding O2 will change the equilibrium constant

Answer:
(A) either S(s) or O2(g) will be completely used up
(B) Q must be close to 1.0 since there is one mole of gas on each side of the equation
(C) this reaction goes to completion
(D) adding O2 will change the equilibrium constant


A rod measures 1.00 m in its rest system. How fast must an observer move parallel to the rod to measure its length to be 0.80 m?
(A) 0.50c
(B) 0.60c
(C) 0.70c
(D) 0.80c

Question: A rod measures 1.00 m in its rest system. How fast must an observer move parallel to the rod to measure its length to be 0.80 m?

Answer:
(A) 0.50c
(B) 0.60c
(C) 0.70c
(D) 0.80c


What is not a component of an agile organisation?
(A) Market focus and position
(B) Human resources: multi-skilling
(C) Organisational structure
(D) Project-based culture

Question: What is not a component of an agile organisation?

Answer:
(A) Market focus and position
(B) Human resources: multi-skilling
(C) Organisational structure
(D) Project-based culture


Why do Liberal Internationalists argue that international institutions are important to US grand strategy?
(A) They allow the US to withdraw from the international arena
(B) They serve American interests
(C) The US is incapable of acting alone
(D) None of the above

Question: Why do Liberal Internationalists argue that international institutions are important to US grand strategy?

They allow the US to withdraw from the international arena

Answer:
(A) They allow the US to withdraw from the international arena
(B) They serve American interests
(C) The US is incapable of acting alone
(D) None of the above


The β-oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14CO2H:
(A) yields 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA and some ATP and water.
(B) yields 16 molecules of acetyl-CoA only.
(C) yields carbon dioxide and water only.
(D) does not involve oxygen.

Question: The β-oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14CO2H:

yields 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA and some ATP and water.

Answer:
(A) yields 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA and some ATP and water.
(B) yields 16 molecules of acetyl-CoA only.
(C) yields carbon dioxide and water only.
(D) does not involve oxygen.