Target family: Cyclooxygenase (type: enzyme)
Target: COX-2

Ligand: aspirin (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (no history prior to 1965)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 5.619999885559082 pIC50
Reference (Journal): N-Caffeoyl serotonin as selective COX-2 inhibitor.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: benzquinamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 8.319999694824219 pIC50
Reference (Webpage): National Toxicology Program: Dept of Health and Human Services.

Ligand: carprofen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.989999771118164 pIC50
Reference (Journal): SAR studies of acidic dual γ-secretase/PPARγ modulators.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem

Ligand: celecoxib (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1998)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.519999980926514 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Discovery of new indomethacin-based analogs with potentially selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and observed diminishing to PGE2 activities.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: celecoxib (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1998)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 8.699999809265137 pIC50
Reference (Journal): 3,4-Diaryl-5-hydroxyfuranones: highly selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 with aqueous solubility.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: compound 10 [PMID: 34279934] (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.079999923706055 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Gut-Restricted Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: compound 12a [PMID: 29031075] (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.639999866485596 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Discovery of new indomethacin-based analogs with potentially selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and observed diminishing to PGE2 activities.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: compound 3 [Uddin et al., 2020] (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.699999809265137 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Harmaline Analogs as Substrate-Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors
Published in: ACS Med Chem Lett

Ligand: compound 9 [Kumar et al., 2019] (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.440000057220459 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Cyclic enaminone as new chemotype for selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: diclofenac (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1988)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 7.699999809265137 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Structural and functional basis of cyclooxygenase inhibition.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: esflurbiprofen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: PMDA Japan (2015)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.039999961853027 pIC50
Reference (Journal): New insights into the site and mode of antinociceptive action of flurbiprofen enantiomers.
Published in: J Clin Pharmacol

Ligand: etodolac (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1991)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 4.28000020980835 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: investigation using human peripheral monocytes.
Published in: J Pharm Pharmacol

Ligand: etoricoxib (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Etoricoxib (MK-0663): preclinical profile and comparison with other agents that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2.
Published in: J Pharmacol Exp Ther

Ligand: FK-881 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.489999771118164 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Pharmacological profile of FK881(ASP6537), a novel potent and selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor.
Published in: Biochem Pharmacol

Ligand: flurbiprofen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1986)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 8 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Structure-based design of COX-2 selectivity into flurbiprofen.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: GW406381 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 8.520000457763672 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Identification of 2,3-diaryl-pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazines as potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: HR1405-01 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.519999980926514 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Evaluation of loxoprofen and its alcohol metabolites for potency and selectivity of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: ibuprofen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1974), EMA (2004)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 5.869999885559082 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Binding of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac to COX-1 and COX-2 studied by saturation transfer difference NMR.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: indomethacin (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1965)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.579999923706055 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Discovery of new indomethacin-based analogs with potentially selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and observed diminishing to PGE2 activities.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: (R)-ARN2508 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 4.639999866485596 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Potent multitarget FAAH-COX inhibitors: Design and structure-activity relationship studies.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: (S)-ARN2508 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.920000076293945 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Potent multitarget FAAH-COX inhibitors: Design and structure-activity relationship studies.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: ketoprofen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1986)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.159999847412109 pIC50
Reference (Journal): New NSAIDs-NO hybrid molecules with antiproliferative properties on human prostatic cancer cell lines.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: ketorolac (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1989)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 4.21999979019165 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Binding of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac to COX-1 and COX-2 studied by saturation transfer difference NMR.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: ketorolac (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1989)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.920000076293945 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Binding of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac to COX-1 and COX-2 studied by saturation transfer difference NMR.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: lumiracoxib (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.489999771118164 pKi
Reference (Journal): Molecular determinants for the selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by lumiracoxib.
Published in: J Biol Chem

Ligand: meclofenamic acid (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 7.400000095367432 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Amide derivatives of meclofenamic acid as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: mefenamic acid (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1967)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 5.539999961853027 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Synthesis and structure-activity relationships for 1-(4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ones as novel non-carboxylate inhibitors of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1C3.
Published in: Eur J Med Chem

Ligand: meloxicam (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (2000)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.309999942779541 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Effect of structural modification of enol-carboxamide-type nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on COX-2/COX-1 selectivity.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: naproxcinod (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  -
Reference (Journal): Naproxcinod, a new cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator (CINOD).
Published in: Expert Opin Biol Ther

Ligand: naproxen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1976)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 5.599999904632568 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as scaffolds for the design of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: nimesulide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 6.21999979019165 pIC50
Reference (Journal): In vitro antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer cell lines of representative 4-thiazolidinones. Part I.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: NS-398 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 8.720000267028809 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Novel antiarthritic agents with 1,2-isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide (gamma-sultam) skeleton: cytokine suppressive dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: oxaprozin (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1992)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 4.440000057220459 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Comparison of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 inhibitory activities of various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using human platelets and synovial cells.
Published in: Eur J Pharmacol

Ligand: paracetamol (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1968)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 4.590000152587891 pKi
Reference (Journal): Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man.
Published in: FASEB J

Ligand: peptide 30 [PMID: 27019010] (Peptide)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 7.21999979019165 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Rational Design of Small Peptides for Optimal Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2: Development of a Highly Effective Anti-Inflammatory Agent.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: phenylbutazone (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 3.549999952316284 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Antiinflammatory 4,5-diarylpyrroles. 2. Activity as a function of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: piroxicam (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1982)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 3.6600000858306885 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Antiinflammatory 4,5-diarylpyrroles. 2. Activity as a function of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: resveratrol (Natural product)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.119999885559082 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Selective synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfate-conjugated resveratrol metabolites.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: rofecoxib (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1999)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity:  pIC50
Reference (Journal): Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis.
Published in: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

Ligand: SC-236 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: yes
Median affinity:  pIC50
Reference (Journal): Synthesis and biological evaluation of the 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benze nesulfonamide (SC-58635, celecoxib).
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: SC-236 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: yes
Median affinity:  pIC50
Reference (Journal): A single amino acid difference between cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) reverses the selectivity of COX-2 specific inhibitors.
Published in: J Biol Chem

Ligand: SC-560 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.199999809265137 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Pharmacological analysis of cyclooxygenase-1 in inflammation.
Published in: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

Ligand: SC-58125 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.389999866485596 pIC50
Reference (Journal): A single amino acid difference between cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) reverses the selectivity of COX-2 specific inhibitors.
Published in: J Biol Chem

Ligand: sulindac (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1978)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.46999979019165 pIC50
Reference (Journal): NSAID sulindac and its analog bind RXRalpha and inhibit RXRalpha-dependent AKT signaling.
Published in: Cancer Cell

Ligand: suprofen (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (no history prior to 1988)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 5.559999942779541 pIC50
Reference (Journal): New NSAIDs-NO hybrid molecules with antiproliferative properties on human prostatic cancer cell lines.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: SWE101 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.380000114440918 pIC50
Reference (Journal): Discovery of the First in Vivo Active Inhibitors of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Phosphatase Domain.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: valdecoxib (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (2001)
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 8.300000190734863 pIC50
Reference (Journal): 4-[5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl]- benzenesulfonamide, valdecoxib: a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2.
Published in: J Med Chem