Target family: Carbonic anhydrases (type: enzyme)
Target: carbonic anhydrase 14

Ligand: acetazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1995)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The X-ray crystal structure of human isoform II in adduct with an adamantyl analogue of acetazolamide resides in a less utilized binding pocket than most hydrophobic inhibitors.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: acetazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1995)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of cytosolic/tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and IX with sulfonamides incorporating 1,2,4-triazine moieties.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: brinzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1998), EMA (2000)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 4.150000095367432 pKi
Reference (Journal): Inhibition of carbonic anhydrases I and II by N-unsubstituted carbamate esters.
Published in: J Biol Chem

Ligand: chlorthalidone (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1960), UK (1998)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.380000114440918 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone, indapamide, trichloromethiazide, and furosemide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II, when several water molecules make the difference.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem

Ligand: dorzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1994)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.820000171661377 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: ethoxzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: yes
Median affinity: 7.599999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: L-histidine (Metabolite)
Interaction type: Activator
Action: Activation
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  -
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme.
Published in: Chemistry

Ligand: methazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1959)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.570000171661377 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett