Target family: Carbonic anhydrases (type: enzyme)
Target: carbonic anhydrase 1

Ligand: acetazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1995)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.599999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The X-ray crystal structure of human isoform II in adduct with an adamantyl analogue of acetazolamide resides in a less utilized binding pocket than most hydrophobic inhibitors.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: acetazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1995)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.599999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: acetazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1995)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.599999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: (-)-adrenaline (Metabolite)
Interaction type: Activator
Action: Activation
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (no history prior to 1951)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  -
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase activators: L-Adrenaline plugs the active site entrance of isozyme II, activating better isoforms I, IV, VA, VII, and XIV.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: benzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.820000171661377 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: brinzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1998), EMA (2000)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 4.349999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem

Ligand: chlorthalidone (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1960), UK (1998)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.460000038146973 pKi

Ligand: compound 5a [PMID: 31287314] (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.070000171661377 pKi
Reference (Journal): Synthesis and Evaluation of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Carbon Monoxide Releasing Properties for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: compound 5b [PMID: 31287314] (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.050000190734863 pKi
Reference (Journal): Synthesis and Evaluation of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Carbon Monoxide Releasing Properties for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: diclofenamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1958)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: diclofenamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1958)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: dorzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1994)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 4.300000190734863 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: ethoxzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: ethoxzolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: gallic acid (Natural product)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.5 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mammalian isoforms I-XIV with a series of natural product polyphenols and phenolic acids.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem

Ligand: histamine (Metabolite)
Interaction type: Activator
Action: Activation
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  -
Reference (Journal): Sulfur, selenium and tellurium containing amines act as effective carbonic anhydrase activators.
Published in: Bioorg Chem

Ligand: indisulam (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.510000228881836 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem

Ligand: L-histidine (Metabolite)
Interaction type: Activator
Action: Activation
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  -
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme.
Published in: Chemistry

Ligand: methazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1959)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: methazolamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1959)
Primary target: no
Median affinity:  pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: methocarbamol (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1957)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.599999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
Published in: J Med Chem

Ligand: SLC-0111 (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: no
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.289999961853027 pKi
Reference (Journal): Synthesis of sulfonamides incorporating piperazinyl-ureido moieties and their carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX and XII inhibitory activity.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: sulpiride (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 5.920000076293945 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: topiramate (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (1996)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 6.599999904632568 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Ligand: zonisamide (Synthetic organic)
Interaction type: Inhibitor
Action: Inhibition
Ligand approved: yes
Approval source: FDA (2000), EMA (2005)
Primary target: no
Median affinity: 7.25 pKi
Reference (Journal): Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
Published in: Bioorg Med Chem