dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
the final solution of the European Jewish question, distributed as follows among the individual countries: Country Number A. Germany proper 131,800 Austria 43,700 Eastern territories 420,000 General Government 2,284,000 Bialystok 400,000 Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia 74,200 Estonia - free of Jews - Latvia 3,500 Lithuania 34,000 Belgium 43,000 Denmark 5,600 France / occupied territory 165,000 France / unoccupied territory 700,000 Greece 69,600 Netherlands 160,800 Norway 1,300 B. Bulgaria 48,000 England 330,000 Finland 2,300 Ireland 4,000 Italy including Sardinia 58,000 Albania 200 Croatia 40,000 Portugal 3,000 Rumania including Bessarabia 342,000 Sweden 8,000 Switzerland 18,000 Serbia 10,000 Slovakia 88,000 Spain 6,000 Turkey (European portion) 55,500 Hungary 742,800 USSR 5,000,000 Ukraine 2,994,684 White Russia excluding Bialystok 446,484 Total over 11,000,000 The number of Jews given here for foreign countries includes, however, only those Jews who still adhere to the Jewish faith, since some countries still do not have a definition of the term "Jew" according to racial principles. The handling of the problem in the individual countries will meet with difficulties due to the attitude and outlook of the people there, especially in Hungary and Rumania. Thus, for example, even today the Jew can buy documents in Rumania that will officially prove his foreign citizenship. The influence of the Jews in all walks of life in the USSR is well known. Approximately five million Jews live in the European part of the USSR, in the Asian part scarcely 1/4 million. The breakdown of Jews residing in the European part of the USSR according to trades was approximately as follows: Agriculture 9.1 % Urban workers 14.8 % In trade 20.0 % Employed by the state 23.4 % In private occupations such as medical profession, press, theater, etc. 32. 7% Under proper guidance, in the course of the final solution the Jews are to be allocated for appropriate labor in the East. Able-bodied Jews, separated according to sex, will be taken in large work columns to these areas for work on roads, in the course of which action doubtless a large portion will be eliminated by natural causes. The possible final remnant will, since it will undoubtedly consist of the most resistant portion, have to be
East. Able-bodied Jews, separated according to sex, will be taken in large work columns to these areas for work on roads, in the course of which action doubtless a large portion will be eliminated by natural causes. The possible final remnant will, since it will undoubtedly consist of the most resistant portion, have to be treated accordingly, because it is the product of natural selection and would, if released, act as a the seed of a new Jewish revival (see the experience of history.) In the course of the practical execution of the final solution, Europe will be combed through from west to east. Germany proper, including the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, will have to be handled first due to the housing problem and additional social and political necessities. The evacuated Jews will first be sent, group by group, to so-called transit ghettos, from which they will be transported to the East. SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Heydrich went on to say that an important prerequisite for the evacuation as such is the exact definition of the persons involved. It is not intended to evacuate Jews over 65 years old, but to send them to an old-age ghetto - Theresienstadt is being considered for this purpose. In addition to these age groups - of the approximately 280,000 Jews in Germany proper and Austria on 31 October 1941, approximately 30% are over 65 years old - severely wounded veterans and Jews with war decorations (Iron Cross I) will be accepted in the old-age ghettos. With this expedient solution, in one fell swoop many interventions will be prevented. The beginning of the individual larger evacuation actions will largely depend on military developments. Regarding the handling of the final solution in those European countries occupied and influenced by us, it was proposed that the appropriate expert of the Foreign Office discuss the matter with the responsible official of the Security Police and SD. In Slovakia and Croatia the matter is no longer so difficult, since the most substantial problems in this respect have already been brought near a solution. In Rumania the government has in the meantime also appointed a commissioner for Jewish affairs. In order to settle the question in Hungary, it
SD. In Slovakia and Croatia the matter is no longer so difficult, since the most substantial problems in this respect have already been brought near a solution. In Rumania the government has in the meantime also appointed a commissioner for Jewish affairs. In order to settle the question in Hungary, it will soon be necessary to force an adviser for Jewish questions onto the Hungarian government. With regard to taking up preparations for dealing with the problem in Italy, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Heydrich considers it opportune to contact the chief of police with a view to these problems. In occupied and unoccupied France, the registration of Jews for evacuation will in all probability proceed without great difficulty. Under Secretary of State Luther calls attention in this matter to the fact that in some countries, such as the Scandinavian states, difficulties will arise if this problem is dealt with thoroughly and that it will therefore be advisable to defer actions in these countries. Besides, in view of the small numbers of Jews affected, this deferral will not cause any substantial limitation. The Foreign Office sees no great difficulties for southeast and western Europe. SS-Gruppenfuehrer Hofmann plans to send an expert to Hungary from the Race and Settlement Main Office for general orientation at the time when the Chief of the Security Police and SD takes up the matter there. It was decided to assign this expert from the Race and Settlement Main Office, who will not work actively, as an assistant to the police attaché. IV. In the course of the final solution plans, the Nuremberg Laws should provide a certain foundation, in which a prerequisite for the absolute solution of the problem is also the solution to the problem of mixed marriages and persons of mixed blood. The Chief of the Security Police and the SD discusses the following points, at first theoretically, in regard to a letter from the chief of the Reich chancellery: 1) Treatment of Persons of Mixed Blood of the First Degree Persons of mixed blood of the first degree will, as regards the final solution of the Jewish question, be treated as Jews. From this treatment the following exceptions will be made: a) Persons of mixed blood of the first degree married to
the Reich chancellery: 1) Treatment of Persons of Mixed Blood of the First Degree Persons of mixed blood of the first degree will, as regards the final solution of the Jewish question, be treated as Jews. From this treatment the following exceptions will be made: a) Persons of mixed blood of the first degree married to persons of German blood if their marriage has resulted in children (persons of mixed blood of the second degree). These persons of mixed blood of the second degree are to be treated essentially as Germans. b) Persons of mixed blood of the first degree, for whom the highest offices of the Party and State have already issued exemption permits in any sphere of life. Each individual case must be examined, and it is not ruled out that the decision may be made to the detriment of the person of mixed blood. The prerequisite for any exemption must always be the personal merit of the person of mixed blood. (Not the merit of the parent or spouse of German blood.) Persons of mixed blood of the first degree who are exempted from evacuation will be sterilized in order to prevent any offspring and to eliminate the problem of persons of mixed blood once and for all. Such sterilization will be voluntary. But it is required to remain in the Reich. The sterilized "person of mixed blood" is thereafter free of all restrictions to which he was previously subjected. 2) Treatment of Persons of Mixed Blood of the Second Degree Persons of mixed blood of the second deg ree will be treated fundamentally as persons of German blood, with the exception of the following cases, in which the persons of mixed blood of the second degree will be considered as Jews: a) The person of mixed blood of the second degree was born of a marriage in which both parents are persons of mixed blood. b) The person of mixed blood of the second degree has a racially especially undesirable appearance that marks him outwardly as a Jew. c) The person of mixed blood of the second degree has a particularly bad police and political record that shows that he feels and behaves like a Jew. Also in these cases exemptions should not be made if the person of mixed blood of the second degree has married a person of German blood. 3) Marriages between Full Jews and Persons of German Blood. Here it must be decided
has a particularly bad police and political record that shows that he feels and behaves like a Jew. Also in these cases exemptions should not be made if the person of mixed blood of the second degree has married a person of German blood. 3) Marriages between Full Jews and Persons of German Blood. Here it must be decided from case to case whether the Jewish partner will be evacuated or whether, with regard to the effects of such a step on the German relatives, [this mixed marriage] should be sent to an old-age ghetto. 4) Marriages between Persons of Mixed Blood of the First Degree and Persons of German Blood. a) Without Children. If no children have resulted from the marriage, the person of mixed blood of the first degree will be evacuated or sent to an old-age ghetto (same treatment as in the case of marriages between full Jews and persons of German blood, point 3.) b) With Children. If children have resulted from the marriage (persons of mixed blood of the second degree), they will, if they are to be treated as Jews, be evacuated or sent to a ghetto along with the parent of mixed blood of the first degree. If these children are to be treated as Germans (regular cases), they are exempted from evacuation as is therefore the parent of mixed blood of the first degree. 5) Marriages between Persons of Mixed Blood of the First Degree and Persons of Mixed Blood of the First Degree or Jews. In these marriages (including the children) all members of the family will be treated as Jews and therefore be evacuated or sent to an old-age ghetto. 6) Marriages between Persons of Mixed Blood of the First Degree and Persons of Mixed Blood of the Second Degree. In these marriages both partners will be evacuated or sent to an old-age ghetto without consideration of whether the marriage has produced children, since possible children will as a rule have stronger Jewish blood than the Jewish person of mixed blood of the second degree. SS-Gruppenfuehrer Hofmann advocates the opinion that sterilization will have to be widely used, since the person of mixed blood who is given the choice whether he will be evacuated or sterilized would rather undergo sterilization. State Secretary Dr. Stueckart maintains that carrying out in practice of the just mentioned
Hofmann advocates the opinion that sterilization will have to be widely used, since the person of mixed blood who is given the choice whether he will be evacuated or sterilized would rather undergo sterilization. State Secretary Dr. Stueckart maintains that carrying out in practice of the just mentioned possibilities for solving the problem of mixed marriages and persons of mixed blood will create endless administrative work. In the second place, as the biological facts cannot be disregarded in any case, State Secretary Dr. Stuckart proposed proceeding to forced sterilization. Furthermore, to simplify the problem of mixed marriages possibilities must be considered with the goal of the legislator saying something like: "These marriages have been dissolved." With regard to the issue of the effect of the evacuation of Jews on the economy, State Secretary Neumann stated that Jews who are working in industries vital to the war effort, provided that no replacements are available, cannot be evacuated. SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Heydrich indicated that these Jews would not be evacuated according to the rules he had approved for carrying out the evacuations then underway. State Secretary Dr. Boehler stated that the General Government would welcome it if the final solution of this problem could be begun in the General Government, since on the one hand transportation does not play such a large role here nor would problems of labor supply hamper this action. Jews must be removed from the territory of the General Government as quickly as possible, since it is especially here that the Jew as an epidemic carrier represents an extreme danger and on the other hand he is causing permanent chaos in the economic structure of the country through continued black market dealings. Moreover, of the approximately 2 1/2 million Jews concerned, the majority is unfit for work. State Secretary Dr. Buehler stated further that the solution to the Jewish question in the General Government is the responsibility of the Chief of the Security Police and the SD and that his efforts would be supported by the officials of the General Government. He had only one request, to solve the Jewish question in this area as quickly as possible. In conclusion the different types of possible
is the responsibility of the Chief of the Security Police and the SD and that his efforts would be supported by the officials of the General Government. He had only one request, to solve the Jewish question in this area as quickly as possible. In conclusion the different types of possible solutions were discussed, during which discussion both Gauleiter Dr. Meyer and State Secretary Dr. Boehler took the position that certain preparatory activities for the final solution should be carried out immediately in the territories in question, in which process alarming the populace must be avoided. The meeting was closed with the request of the Chief of the Security Police and the SD to the participants that they afford him appropriate support during the carrying out of the tasks involved in the solution. International Military Tribunal for Germany
Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 1
Indictment
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Indictment
Count One
Count Two
Count Three
Count Four
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
INDICTMENT
INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH
REPUBLIC, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
-against-
HERMANN WILHELM Goering, RUDOLF HESS, JOACHIM VON RIBBENTROP, ROBERT LEY, WILHELM KEITEL, ERNST KALTENBRUNNER, ALFRED ROSENBERG, HANS FRANK, WILHELM FRICK, JULIUS STREICHER, WALTER FUNK, HJALMAR SCHACHT, GUSTAV KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, KARL Doenitz, ERICH RAEDER, BALDUR VON SCHIRACH, FRITZ SAUCKEL, ALFRED JODL, MARTIN BORMANN, FRANZ VON PAPEN, ARTHUR SEYSS-INQUART, ALBERT SPEER, CONSTANTIN VON NEURATH, and HANS FRITZSCHE, Individually and as Members of Any of the Following Groups or Organizations to which They Respectively Belonged, Namely: DIE REICHS REGIERUNG (REICH CABINET); DAS KORPS DER POLITISCHEN LEITER DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN DEUTSCHEN ARBEITERPARTEI (LEADERSHIP CORPS OF THE NAZI PARTY); DIE SCHUTZSTAFFELN DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN DEUTSCHEN ARBEITERPARTEI (commonly known as the "SS") and including DER SICHERHEITSDIENST (commonly known as the "SD"); DIE GEHEIME STAATSPOLIZEI (SECRET STATE POLICE, commonly known as the "GESTAPO"); DIE STURM ABTEILUNGEN DER NSDAP (commonly known as the "SA"); and the GENERAL STAFF and HIGH COMMAND of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES, all as defined in
Appendix B
,
Defendants.
I.
The United States of America, the French Republic, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the undersigned, Robert H. Jackson, Francois de Menthon, Hartley Shawcross, and R. A. Rudenko, duly appointed to represent their respective Governments in the investigation of the charges against and the prosecution of the major war criminals, pursuant to the
Agreement of London dated 8 August 1945
, and the
Charter
Robert H. Jackson, Francois de Menthon, Hartley Shawcross, and R. A. Rudenko, duly appointed to represent their respective Governments in the investigation of the charges against and the prosecution of the major war criminals, pursuant to the Agreement of London dated 8 August 1945 , and the Charter
of this Tribunal annexed thereto, hereby accuse as guilty, in the respects hereinafter set forth, of Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, and Crimes against Humanity, and of a Common Plan or Conspiracy to commit those Crimes, all as defined in the
Charter
of the Tribunal, and accordingly name as defendants in this cause and as indicted on the counts hereinafter set out:
HERMANN WILHELM GOERING, RUDOLF HESS, JOACHIM VON RIBBENTROP, ROBERT LEY, WILHELM KEITEL, ERNST KALTENBRUNNER, ALFRED ROSENBERG, HANS FRANK, WILHELM FRICK, JULIUS STREICHER, WALTER FUNK, HJALMAR SCHACHT, GUSTAV KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, KARL Doenitz, ERICH RAEDER, BALDUR VON SCHIRACH, FRITZ SAUCKEL, ALFRED JODL, MARTIN BORMANN, FRANZ VON PAPEN, ARTHUR SEYSS-INQUART, ALBERT SPEER, CONSTANTIN VON NEURATH and HANS FRITZSCHE
, individually and as members of any of the groups or organizations next hereinafter named.
II.
The following are named as groups or organizations (since dissolved) which should be declared criminal by reason of their aims and the means used for the accomplishment thereof and in connection with the conviction of such of the named defendants as were members thereof:
DIE REICHSREGIERUNG (REICH CABINET); DAS KORPS DER POLITISCHEN LEITER DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN DEUTSCHEN ARBEITERPARTEI (LEADERSHIP CORPS OF THE NAZI PARTY); DIE SCHUTZSTAFFELN DER NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHEN DEUTSCHEN ARBEITERPARTEI (commonly known as the "SS") and including DER SICHERHEITSDIENST (commonly known as the "SD"); DIE GEHEIME STAATSPOLIZEI (SECRET STATE POLICE, commonly known as the "GESTAPO"); DIE STURMABTEILUNGEN DER NSDAP (commonly known as the "SA"); and the GENERAL STAFF of the HIGH COMMAND of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES
.
(commonly known as the "SS") and including DER SICHERHEITSDIENST (commonly known as the "SD"); DIE GEHEIME STAATSPOLIZEI (SECRET STATE POLICE, commonly known as the "GESTAPO"); DIE STURMABTEILUNGEN DER NSDAP (commonly known as the "SA"); and the GENERAL STAFF of the HIGH COMMAND of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES .
The identity and membership of the groups or organizations referred to in the foregoing titles are hereinafter in
Appendix B
more particularly defined.
Indictment
Count One
Count Two
Count Three
Count Four
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
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Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 1 : Defense Counsel
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DEFENDANTS AND DEFENSE COUNSEL
INDIVIDUAL DEFENDANTS COUNSEL:
GOERING, HERMANN WILHELM
Dr. Otto Stahmer
HESS, RUDOLF
Dr. Gunther von Rohrscheidt (to 5 February 1946)
Dr. Alfred Seidl (from 5 February 1946)
VON RIBBENTROP, JOACHIM
Dr. Fritz Sauter (to 6 January 1946)
Dr. Martin Horn (from 5 January 1946)
LEY ROBERT
(*)
KIETEL, WILHELM
Dr. Otto Nelte
KALTENBRUNNER, ERNST
Dr. Kurt Kauffmann
ROSENBERG, ALFRED
Dr. Alfred Thoma
FRANK, HANS
Dr. Alfred Seidl
FRICK, WILHELM
Dr. Otto Pannenbeeker
STREICHER, JULIUS
Dr. Hanns Marx
FUNK, WALTER
Dr. Fritz Sauter
SCHACHT, HJALMAR
Dr. Rudolf Dix
Professor Dr.
Herbert Kraus, Associate
(**)
DOENITZ, KARL
Flottenrichte Otto Kranzbuchler
RAEDER, ERICH
Dr. Walter Siemers
VON SCHIRACH, BALDUR
Dr. Fritz Sauter
SAUCKEL, FRITZ
Dr. Robert Servatius
JODL, ALFRED
Professor Dr. Franz Exner
Professor Dr. Hermann Jahreiss, Associate
BORMANN, MARTIN
Dr. Friedrich Bergold
VON PAPEN, FRANZ
Dr. Egon Kubuschok
SEYSS-INQUART, ARTHUR
Dr. Gustav Steinbauer
SPEER, ALBERT
Dr. Hans Flachsner
VON NEURATH, CONSTANTIN
Dr. Otto Frelherr von Ludinghausen
FRITZSCHE. HANS
Dr. Heinz Fritz
Dr. Alfred Schilf, Associate
KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, GUSTAV
Dr. Theodor Klefisch (to 15 November 1945)
Dr. Walter Ballas, Associate (to 15 November 1945)
GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS COUNSEL:
REICH CABINET
Dr. Egon Kubuschok
LEADERSHIP CORPS OF NAZI PARTY
Dr. Robert Servatius
SS and SD
Ludwig Babel, Counsel for SS and SD (to 18 March 1946), Counsel for SS (to 11 June1946), Co-counsel for SS (to 27 August 1946)
Horst Pelckmann, Co-counsel for SS (from 2 March 1946), Counsel for SS (from 1 June 1946)
Dr. Carl Haensel, Associate to Dr. H. Pelckmann (from 1 April 1946)
Dr Hans Gawlik, Counsel for SD (from 18 March 1946)
SA
Georg Boehm
Dr. Martin Loeffler
GESTAPO
Dr. Rudolf Merkel
GENERAL STAFF and HIGH COMMAND of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES
Professor Dr. Franz Exner (to 27 January 1946)
Dr
1946), Counsel for SS (from 1 June 1946) Dr. Carl Haensel, Associate to Dr. H. Pelckmann (from 1 April 1946) Dr Hans Gawlik, Counsel for SD (from 18 March 1946) SA Georg Boehm Dr. Martin Loeffler GESTAPO Dr. Rudolf Merkel GENERAL STAFF and HIGH COMMAND of the GERMAN ARMED FORCES Professor Dr. Franz Exner (to 27 January 1946) Dr. Hans Laternser (from 27 January 1946)
Notes:
*
All individual defendants named in the
indictment
appeared before the Tribunal except: Robert Ley, who committed suicide 25 October 1945; Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, owing to serious illness; and Martin Bormann, who was not in custody and whom the Tribunal decided to try in absentia.
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**
Only Associates who spoke before the Trlbunal are listed.
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Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 1 : Motion for Correcting Discrepancies in the Indictment
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MOTION OF THE PROSECUTION
FOR CORRECTING DISCREPANCIES
IN THE INDICTMENT
(*)
INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC,
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND, and THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
- against -
HERMANN WILHELM GOERING, et al.,
Defendants.
Motion as to Amendment of the Indictment
To The Honorable Tribunal:
WHEREAS
(1) Certain discrepancies (as set out in the attached schedule) have been discovered in the
Indictment
, as between the English, French, Russian, and German texts thereof;
(2) The
Indictment
was lodged with the Tribunal in English, French, and Russian, each text having equal authenticity:
(3) The
Indictment
was served on the defendants in the German language only;
The Prosecution respectfully submits the following MOTION:
That the Tribunal direct that the discrepancies in the
Indictment
specified in the attached schedule be rectified as between the respective texts of the
Indictment
by making the English, French, and Russian texts conform to the German text in each of the specified cases so far as the sense of the context permits.
/ s / ROBERT H. JACKSON
For the Government of the United States of America.
/ s / CHAMPETIER DE RIBES
Per CH. DUBOST
For the Provisional Government of France.
/ s / DAVID MAXWELL FYFE
For the Government of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland.
/s / R. RUDENKO
For the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. 4th June, 1946.
Notes:
*
This motion was accepted by the Court at a meeting of the International Military Tribunal, 7 June 1946.
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