dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
offered to the court). Each book bears on its cover "Totenbuch" or Death Book-Mauthausen. In these books were recorded the names of some of the inmates who died or were murdered in this camp. The books cover the period from January 1939 April 1945. They give the name, place of birth, the assigned cause of death and time of death of each individual recorded. In addition each corpse is assigned a serial number, Addition of the serial numbers for the five-year period produces a total figure of 35,318. Examination of the books reveals the camp's routine of death. For example pages 568 to 582 of Volume 5 cover death entries made for 19 March 1945 between fifteen minutes past one in the morning until 2 o'clock in the afternoon. In this space of 12 3/4 hours, 203 persons are reported as having died. They were assigned serial numbers running from 8390 to 8593. The names of the dead are listed. The victims are all recorded as having died of the same ailment-"heart trouble". They died at brief intervals. They died in alphabetical order. The first who died was a man named Ackermann who died at one fifteen A.M. The last was a man names Zynger who died at 2 o'clock P.M. At twenty minutes past two o'clock on the afternoon of the same day, 19 march 1945, the total roll call began again, and continued until half past four o'clock. In a space of two hours, 75 more persons died. Once again they died from heart failure and in alphabetical order. The entries are recorded in the same volume, from pages 582 through 586. Another death book was found at Camp Mauthausen. This is a single volume, which has on its cover the words.-"Death Book- Prisoners of War". Pages 234 through 246 contain entries recording the names of 208 prisoners of war, apparently Russians, who at 15 minutes past midnight on the 10th day of May 1942, were executed at the same time. The book notes that the execution was directed by the Chief of the SD and the SIPO (Heydrich). It is common knowledge that the anguish of the concentration camp was spread, not only over the Continent of Europe, but over all the world, Even today all over the world people are still seeking work of their friends and relatives who vanished into the Nazi concentration camps and left no trace
the SIPO (Heydrich). It is common knowledge that the anguish of the concentration camp was spread, not only over the Continent of Europe, but over all the world, Even today all over the world people are still seeking work of their friends and relatives who vanished into the Nazi concentration camps and left no trace behind. This fact is emphasized by the 23 November 1945 issue of the weekly newspaper, "Aufbau", published in the German language in New York City. On the back pages-8, 9, 10 and 11-are published both notices requesting information about friends and relatives, and notice announcing the deaths of persons who were last heard of in a Nazi concentration camp. The personal tragedies, which these notices represent, multiplied an incalculable numbers of times is part of the legacy which the Nazi conspirators have left to the world. LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS Document Description Vol. Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6 (B, c) I 5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, sections III; VIII (A, C); X....I 15,31,41,53 3737-PS Hague Convention of 1907 respecting the laws and Customs of War on Land, Annex, Article 46... VI 597 3738-PS Geneva Convention of 1929 relative to treatment of Prisoners of War, Articles, 2, 3..........VI 600 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk(**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *374-PS TWX Series of orders signed by Heydrich and Mueller, issued by Gestapo Headquarters Berlin, 9-11 November 1938, concerning treatment of Jews. (USA 729) .......III 277 *392-PS Official NSDAP circular entitled "The Social Life of New Germany with Special Consideration of the German labor Front", by Prof. Willy Mueller (Berlin, 1938). (USA 326)........III 380 *641-PS Report of Public Prosecutor General in Munich, 1 June 1933, concerning murder of Dr.
concerning treatment of Jews. (USA 729) .......III 277 *392-PS Official NSDAP circular entitled "The Social Life of New Germany with Special Consideration of the German labor Front", by Prof. Willy Mueller (Berlin, 1938). (USA 326)........III 380 *641-PS Report of Public Prosecutor General in Munich, 1 June 1933, concerning murder of Dr. Strauss in Dachau by an SS guard. (USA 450).....III 453 *642-PS Report to Public Prosecutor General in Munich, 1 June 1933, concerning murder of Hausmann in Dachau by an SS guard. (USA 451)......III 454 *644-PS Report to Public Prosecutor General in Munich, 1 June 1933, concerning murder of Schloss in Dachau by an SS guard. (USA 452)......III 455 *645-PS Report to Public Prosecutor General in Munich, 1 June 1933, concerning murder of Nefzger in Dachau by an SS guard. (USA 453)......III 457 *778-PS Disciplinary and Penal Measures for Concentration Camp Dachau and Service Regulations for the Camp Personnel, signed by Eicke, 1 October 1933. (USA 247)......III 550 833-PS Instructions by Admiral Canaris, Head of the Abwehr, 2 February 1942, concerning prosecution of crimes against the Reich or occupying forces in the occupied territories......III 600 *1063-A-PS Order of Chief of SIPO and SD. 2 January 1941, concerning classification of concentration camps. (USA 492).....III 775 *1063-B-PS Letter signed by Kaltenbrunner, 26 July 1943, concerning establishment of Labor Reformatory camps. (USA 492).....III 777 *1063-D-PS Mueller's order, 17 December 1942, concerning prisoners qualified for work to be sent to concentration camps.(USA 219).....III 778 1063-E-PS Copy of Mueller's order, 25 June 1942, concerning increased shipments to concentration camps......III 780 1151-P-PS Letter from WVHA, 28 March 1942, concerning "Action 14 F 13" from files of Gross Rosen Concentration Camp.........III 808 *1165-PS Letter from Commandant of concentration Camp Gross Roesen, 23 October 1941, and letter of Mueller to all Gestapo offices, 9 November 1941, concerning execution of Russian PW's. (USA 244)......III 821 *1166-PS Interoffice memorandum of WVHA, 15 August 1944, concerning number of prisoners and survey of prisoners' clothing. (USA 458).....III 824 1216-PS Typewritten memorandum, "Important Incidents in Concentration camp Dachau".......III 846 1390-PS Decree
1941, concerning execution of Russian PW's. (USA 244)......III 821 *1166-PS Interoffice memorandum of WVHA, 15 August 1944, concerning number of prisoners and survey of prisoners' clothing. (USA 458).....III 824 1216-PS Typewritten memorandum, "Important Incidents in Concentration camp Dachau".......III 846 1390-PS Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the People and State, 28 February 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 83.......III 968 *1531-PS Directive from RSHA,26 October 1939, concerning execution of protective custody, and directive, 12 June 1942, concerning third degree. (USA 248).......IV 93 *1584-I-PS Teletype from Goering to Himmler, 14 February 1944, concerning formation of 7th Air force Group squadron for special purposes. (USA 221)........IV 117 *1584-III-PS Correspondence between Himmler and Goering, 9 March 1944, concerning use of concentration camp inmates in aircraft industry. (USA 457).......IV 118 1616-PS Letter from Dr. Rascher to Himmler, 17 February 1943, concerning freezing experiments........IV 133 *1650-PS Directive to state police Directorates from Chief of SIPO and SD by Mueller, 4 March 1944, concerning captured escaped PWs .(USA 246)......IV 158 *1723-PS Order concerning cooperation of Party offices with the Secret State Police, 25 January 1938, published in Decrees, Regulations, Announcements, 1937, Vol. II. pp. 430-439. (USA 206)....IV 219 *1919-PS Himmler's speech to SS Gruppenfuehrers, 4 October 1943. (USA 170).....IV 558 1956-PS Meaning and Tasks of the Secret State Police, published in The Archives, January 1936, Vol 22-24, p. 1342..........IV 598 2107-PS Law on Secret State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936 Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp. 21-22......IV 732 2108-PS Decree for execution of Law on Secret State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936 Preussische Gestzsammlung, pp. 22-24.......IV 732 2169-PS Quarterly report of the SS medical officer of Hmb. Neuengamme concentration camp, 29 March 1945......IV 799 2171-PS U. S. Government report B-2833 on Numerical Expansion of Buchenwald Concentration Camp, during years 1937-1945......IV 800 *2176-PS Report on Mauthausen concentration camp, by investigating officer, Office of Judge Advocate, Third U. S. Army, 17 June 1945.(USA 249).....IV 836 2187-PS Order from Main Ss
799 2171-PS U. S. Government report B-2833 on Numerical Expansion of Buchenwald Concentration Camp, during years 1937-1945......IV 800 *2176-PS Report on Mauthausen concentration camp, by investigating officer, Office of Judge Advocate, Third U. S. Army, 17 June 1945.(USA 249).....IV 836 2187-PS Order from Main Ss economic administration office, 14 July 1943, concerning beating of female prisoners.......IV 842 *2189-PS Orders from Department D of Economic and Administrative Main Office, 11 August 1942, concerning punishment by beating. (USA 460)......IV 842 2222-PS Report of investigation of Buchenwald Concentration Camp, by Judge Advocate Section, Third United States Army, 25 May 1945......IV 860 *2285-PS Affidavit, 13 May 1945, by two French officers, about shooting of prisoners at Mauthausen. (USA 490)......IV 991 *2309-PS Report by Headquarters Third United States Army, 21 June 1945, concerning Flossenburg Concentration Camp. (USA 245)......IV 999 *2324-PS Extracts from Reconstruction of a Nation, by Hermann Goering. 1934. (USA 233)......IV 1033 *2330-PS Order of Protective Custody, Police Directorate of Nurnberg-Fuerth of Josef Simon, Chairman Of German Shoemakers Union, 29 August 1935. (USA 237).......IV 1038 *2334-PS Affidavits of Lorenz Hagen, Chairman of Local Committee, German Trade Unions, Burnberg. (USA 238).....IV 1041 2344-PS Reconstruction of a Nation by Goering, 1934, p. 89......IV 1065 2347-PS Court decisions from 1935 Reichsverwaltungsblatt, Vol.56, pp.557-578, 20 July 1934. IV 1066 2476-PS Affidavit of Josef Buehler, 4 November 1945.........V 228 *2477-PS Affidavit of Willy Litzenberg, 4 November 1945. (USA 518)........V 229 2478-PS Affidavit of Willy Litzenberg, 4 November 1945 V 230 *2499-PS Original Protective Custody Order served on Dr. R. Kempner, 15 March 1935.(USA 232).....V 236 *2513-PS Extract from The National Socialist Workers' Party as an Association Hostile to State and to Republican Form of Government and Guilty of Treasonable Activity.(USA 235).....V 252 2533-PS Extract from article "Legislation and Judiciary in Third Reich", from Journal of the Academy for German Law, 1936, pp. 141-142.....V 277 *2605-PS Affidavit of Dr. Rudolf Kastner, former President of the Hungarian Zionist Organization, 13 September 1945.(USA 242).....V
Guilty of Treasonable Activity.(USA 235).....V 252 2533-PS Extract from article "Legislation and Judiciary in Third Reich", from Journal of the Academy for German Law, 1936, pp. 141-142.....V 277 *2605-PS Affidavit of Dr. Rudolf Kastner, former President of the Hungarian Zionist Organization, 13 September 1945.(USA 242).....V 313 2615-PS Affidavit of Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, 5 November 1945......V 338 2655-PS Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich, Article 31. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part II, p. 679, 687-8......V 364 *2663-PS Hitler's speech to the Reichstag,30 January 1939, quoted from Voelkischer Beobachter, Munichedition, 1 February 1939. (USA 268).....V 367 *2745-PS Order for commitment to concentration camp, 7 July 1943, Kaltenbrunner's signature. (USA 519).....V 383 *2753-PS Affidavit of Alois Hoellriegl, 7 November 1945. (USA 515)......V 393 *2928-PS Affidavit of Mathias Lex, deputy president of the German Shoemakers Union. (USA 239)......V 594 *3051-PS Three teletype orders from Heydrich to all stations of State police, 10 November 1938, on measures against Jews, and one order from Heydrich on termination of protest actions. (USA 240)......V 797 *3249-PS Affidavit of Dr. Franz Blaha, 24 November 1945. (USA 663)......V 949 *3420-PS U. S. Army report on human skin exhibits at Buchenwald Concentration Camp. (USA 252).....VI 122 *3421-PS Certificate accompanying human skin exhibit. (USA 253).....VI 123 *3423-PS U. S. Army report on identification of tattooed human skins. (USA 252).....VI 123 *3590-PS Charges and findings against Weiss and others tried by U. S. Military Court at Dachau. (USA 664).....VI 288 *3601-PS Affidavit of Sidney Mendel, 28 December 1945, concerning the connection of Frick's Ministry of Interior with concentration camps. (GB 324).....VI 313 *3751-PS Diary of the German Minister of Justice, 1935 concerning prosecution of church officials and punishment in concentration camps. (USA 828; USA 858).....V 636 *3762-PS Affidavit of SS Colonel Kurt Becher, 8 March 1946, concerning the responsibility of Kaltenbrunner for concentration camp executions. (USA 798).....VI 645 *3844-PS Statement of Josef Niedermayer, 7 March 1946, concerning Kaltenbrunner'spart in "bullet" orders at mauthausen concentration camp.
636 *3762-PS Affidavit of SS Colonel Kurt Becher, 8 March 1946, concerning the responsibility of Kaltenbrunner for concentration camp executions. (USA 798).....VI 645 *3844-PS Statement of Josef Niedermayer, 7 March 1946, concerning Kaltenbrunner'spart in "bullet" orders at mauthausen concentration camp. (USA 801)......VI 782 *3846-PS Interrogation of Johann Kanduth, 30 November 1945, concerning crematorium at Mauthausen and the activities of Kaltenbrunner there. (USA 796)....VI 783 *3868-PS Affidavit of Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Hoess, 5 April 1946, concerning execution of 3,000,000 people at Auschwitz Extermination Center. (USA 819).....VI 787 *3870-PS Affidavit of Hans Marsalek, 8 April 1946, concerning Mauthausen Concentration Camp and dying statement of Franz Ziereis, the Commandant. (USA 797).....VI 790 *D-84 Gestapo instructions to State Police Departments, 5 August 1937, regarding protective custody for Bible students. (USA 236).....VI 1040 *D-569 File of circulars from Reichsfuehrer SS, the OKW, inspector of Concentration Camps, Chief of Security Police and SD, dating from 29 October 1941 through 22 February 1944, relative to procedure in cases of unnatural death of Soviet PW, execution of Soviet PW, etc. (GB 277).....VII 74 *D-728 Circular, 15 March 1945 , from NSDAP Gauleitung Hessen-Nassau to the "Kreis"-Leaders of' the Gau, concerning action by the Party to keep Germans in Check until end of the War, (GB 282).....VII 174 *D-745-A Deposition of Anton Kaindl; 8 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 811).....VII 208 *D-745-B Deposition of Anton Kaindl, 19 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 812).....VII 209 *D-746-A Deposition of Fritz Suhren, 8 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 813).....VII 209 *D-746-B Deposition of Fritz Suhren, 19 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 814) VII 210 *D-748 Affidavit of Karl Totzauer, 15 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 816).....VII 211 *D-749-B Statement of Rudolf Hoess, 20 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 817).....VII 212 *D-750 Deposition of August Harbaum, 19 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA
concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 816).....VII 211 *D-749-B Statement of Rudolf Hoess, 20 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 817).....VII 212 *D-750 Deposition of August Harbaum, 19 March 1946, concerning SS personnel supervising concentration camps. (USA 818).....VII 213 *L-83 Affidavit of Gerhart H. Seger, 21 July 1945. (USA 234).....VII 859 *L-215 File of orders and dossiers of 25 Luxembourgers committed to concentration camps at various times in 1944. (USA 243).....VII 1045 *R-91 Telegram from Mueller, SS Gruppenfuehrer to Reichsfuehrer Ss, 16 December 1942. (USA 241)......VIII 60 *R-124 Speer's conference minutes of Central Planning Board, 1942-44, concerning labor supply. (USA 179).....VIII 146 *R-129 Letter and enclosure from Pohl to Himmler, 30 April 1942, concerning concentration camps. (USA 217).....VIII 198 Chapter X Contents Chapter XII
Chapter XIII - Germanization and Spoliation Chapter XII Contents Chapter XIV Chapter XIII - GERMANIZATION AND SPOLIATION The Nazi conspirators had made plans for the Germanization and spoliation of their conquered territories. Plans to Germanize meant plans to assimilate conquered territories politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German Reich. Germanization meant the obliteration of the former national character of the conquered territories and the extermination of all elements which could not be reconciled with the Nazi ideology. Plans for spoliation meant plans to plunder public and private property and, in general, to exploit the people and natural resources of occupied countries. 1. POLAND Poland was, in a sense, the testing ground for the conspirators' theories of "lebensraum." The four western provinces of Poland were purportedly incorporated into Germany by an order of 8 October 1939. This order, which was signed by Hitler, Lammers, Goering, Frick, and Hess, is set forth in 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 2042. These areas of Poland are frequently referred to in correspondence between the conspirators as the "incorporated Eastern territories". The remainder of Poland which was seized by the Nazi invaders was established as the Government-General of Poland by an order of Hitler, dated 12 October 1939. By that same order, Hans Frank was named Governor-General of the newly-created Government-General, and Seyss-Inquart was named Deputy Governor General. This order is set forth in 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 2077. The plans with respect to Poland, which will appear gradually from the individual documents hereafter discussed, followed a broad pattern, as follows: First : The conspirators specifically planned to exploit the people and material resources of the Government-General of Poland in order to strengthen the Nazi war machine, to impoverish the Government-General, and to reduce it to a vassal state. At a later stage, plans were formulated for creating islands of German settlements in the more fertile regions of the Government-General in order to engulf the native Polish population and accelerate the process of Germanization. Second : The incorporated area of Poland, which was deemed to be a part of the German Reich, was to be ruthlessly
formulated for creating islands of German settlements in the more fertile regions of the Government-General in order to engulf the native Polish population and accelerate the process of Germanization. Second : The incorporated area of Poland, which was deemed to be a part of the German Reich, was to be ruthlessly Germanized. To that end, the conspirators planned: (a) To permit the retention of the productive facilities in the incorporated area, all of which were to be dedicated to the Nazi war machine. (b) They planned to deport to the Government-General many hundreds of thousands of Jews, members of the Polish intelligentsia, and other noncompliant elements. The Jews deported to the Government-General were doomed to speedy annihilation. Moreover, since the conspirators felt that members of the Polish intelligentsia could not be Germanized and might serve as a center of resistance against their "new order", they too were to be eliminated. (c) They planned to deport all able-bodied Polish workers to Germany for work in the Nazi war machine. This was to serve the two-fold purpose of helping to satisfy the labor requirements of the Nazi war machine and preventing the propagation of a new generation of Poles. (d) They planned to mold all persons in the incorporated area who were deemed to possess German blood, into German subjects who would religiously adhere to the principles of National Socialism. To that end, the conspirators set up an elaborate racial register. Those who resisted or refused to cooperate in this program were sent to concentration camps. (e) They planned bring thousands of German Subjects into the incorporated area for purpose of settlement. (f) They planned to confiscate the property-particularly the farms- of the Poles, the Jews, and all dissident elements. The confiscation of the property of Jews was part of the conspirators' larger program of extermination of the Jews. Confiscation likewise served three additional purposes: (1) it provided land for the new German settlers and enabled the conspirators to reward their adherents; (2) Dispossessed Polish property owners could be shipped to Germany for work in the production of implements of war; and (3) the separation of Polish farmers from their wives
served three additional purposes: (1) it provided land for the new German settlers and enabled the conspirators to reward their adherents; (2) Dispossessed Polish property owners could be shipped to Germany for work in the production of implements of war; and (3) the separation of Polish farmers from their wives furthered the plan to prevent the growth of a new generation of Poles. These plans are developed in the specific documents which follow. A. The program in the Incorporated Area. (1) Economic Spoliation. A report of an interview with Frank on 3 October 1939, which was included in a large report prepared in the OKW by one Captain Varain at the direction of General Thomas, then Chief of the Military Economic Staff of the OKW, states: "In the first interview which the chief of the Central Division and the liaison officer between the Armament Department Upper East and the Chief Administrative Officer (Subsequently called Governor General) had with Minister Frank on October 3, 1939 in Posen, Frank Explained the directive, and the economic and political responsibilities which had been conferred upon him by the Fuehrer and according to which he intended to administer Poland. According to these directives, Poland can only be administered by utilizing the country through means of ruthless exploitation, deportation of all supplies, raw materials, machines, factory installations, etc., which are important for the German war economy, availability of all workers for work within Germany, reduction oft he entire Polish economy to absolute minimum necessary for bare existence of the population, closing of all educational institutions, especially technical schools and colleges in order to prevent the growth of the new Polish intelligentsia. 'Poland shall be treated as a colony; the Poles shall be the slaves of the Greater German World Empire'. "By destroying Polish industry, its subsequent reconstruction after the war would become more difficult, if not impossible, so that Poland would be reduced to its proper position as an agrarian country which would have to depend upon Germany for importation of industrial products." (EC-344-16 & 17) The conspirators planned a difference in treatment for the incorporated area of Poland,