dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
(5) Deportation of citizens of occupied countries for forced labor and disciplining of forced labor. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following documents: 3012-PS; 1063-B-PS. (6) The execution of captured commandos and paratroopers and protection of civilians who lynched Allied fliers. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following documents: 1276-PS; 532-PS; 526-PS; R-110; 745-PS.
(7) The taking of civilians of occupied countries to Germany for secret trial and punishment. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following document: 835-PS.
(8) Punishment of citizens of occupied territories under special criminal procedure and by summary methods. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following document: L-5.
(9) The execution and confinement of persons in concentration camps for crimes allegedly committed by their relatives. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following document: L-37.
(10) Seizure and spoliation of public and private property. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following documents: 2620-PS; L-18.
(11) Murder of prisoners in SIPO and SD prisons. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following document: L-53.
(12) Persecution of Jews. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following documents: L-18; 1061-PS; 2375-PS; 2605-PS.
(13) Persecution of the churches. That this crime continued after January 1943 is shown by the following document: 1815-PS).
C. KALTENBRUNNER HAD DIRECT KNOWLEDGE OF AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE COMMISSION OF MANY SPECIFIC CRIMES.
(1) Kaltenbrunner was fully cognizant of conditions in concentration camps and of the fact that concentration camps were used for slave labor and mass murder
shown by the following document: 1815-PS). C. KALTENBRUNNER HAD DIRECT KNOWLEDGE OF AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE COMMISSION OF MANY SPECIFIC CRIMES. (1) Kaltenbrunner was fully cognizant of conditions in concentration camps and of the fact that concentration camps were used for slave labor and mass murder. Mauthausen concentration camp was established in Austria while Kaltenbrunner was the Higher SS and Police Leader for Austria, and was frequently visited by Kaltenbrunner before he was appointed Chief of the Security Police and SD (L-51). On the occasion of one such visit in 1942, Kaltenbrunner personally observed the gas chamber in operation (2753-PS). After he became Chief of the Security Police and SD, Kaltenbrunner visited Mauthausen concentration camp but with less frequency (L-51). On one occasion he made an inspection of the camp grounds with Himmler and had his photograph taken during the course of the inspection (2641-PS). After a visit to Mauthausen in 1944 Kaltenbrunner reported to his Amt Chiefs with pride that he had helped to build up Mauthausen when he was Higher SS and Police Leader in Austria and that the camp was engaged in valuable armament work (2990-PS). Mauthausen concentration camp was classified by Heydrich in January 1941 in category III, a camp for the most heavily accused prisoners and for asocial prisoners who were considered incapable of being reformed (1063-A-PS).
There were frequent conferences between the RSHA and executives of the SS Wirtschaft and Verwaltungshauptamt who had charge of the internal administration of concentration camps. The affidavit of Rudolf Mildner states with respect to these conferences:
"SS Obergruppenfuehrer Dr. Kaltenbrunner attended personally conferences with SS Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl, Chief of the SS Wirtschaft and Verwaltungshauptamt and Chief of the concentration camps
administration of concentration camps. The affidavit of Rudolf Mildner states with respect to these conferences: "SS Obergruppenfuehrer Dr. Kaltenbrunner attended personally conferences with SS Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl, Chief of the SS Wirtschaft and Verwaltungshauptamt and Chief of the concentration camps. Due to these conferences and through talks with the Chief of Office Gruppenfuehrer Mueller of Amt IV and Gruppenfuehrer Nebe of Amt V, the Chief of the Security Police and SD, SS Obergruppenfuehrer Dr. Kaltenbrunner, must have known the state of affairs in the concentration camps." (L-35)
(2) With full knowledge of conditions in and the purpose of concentration camps, Kaltenbrunner ordered or permitted to be ordered in his name the commitment of persons to concentration camps. All orders for protective custody other than shortterm confinements were issued in the name of Kaltenbrunner as Chief of the Security Police and SD and bore the facsimile stamp of his signature (2477-PS).
The commandant of Buchenwald concentration camp in his affidavit states:
"With the exception of the mass delivery of prisoners from the concentration camps of occupied territories, all prisoners were sent to the concentration camp Buchenwald on orders of the Reichssicherheitschauptamt, Berlin. These preventive arrest orders (red blanks) were in most cases signed with the name Kaltenbrunner. The few other preventive arrest orders were signed with 'Foerster.'" (L-38)
On 7 July 1943 an order for protective custody was issued by the Gestapo (Amt IV C 2, RSHA) bearing the facsimile signature of Kaltenbrunner, to be sent in the form of a telegram to the Gestapo office in Koeslin in the case of a woman whose offense was stated to be failure to work, work sabotage, and asocial conduct. She was ordered to be confined in the concentration camp at Ravensbrueck (2745-PS).
On 19 January 1944 a warrant for protective custody was issued by the Gestapo (Amt IV C 2 of the RSHA) certified as signed by Kaltenbrunner, to a British subject, C.S
to work, work sabotage, and asocial conduct. She was ordered to be confined in the concentration camp at Ravensbrueck (2745-PS). On 19 January 1944 a warrant for protective custody was issued by the Gestapo (Amt IV C 2 of the RSHA) certified as signed by Kaltenbrunner, to a British subject, C.S. James, on the grounds that he had been proven guilty of activities to the detriment of the German Reich, and that there was reason to expect that he would, if released, commit acts prejudicial to the Reich (1574-PS).
Other instances of commitments to various concentration camps on orders, signed by Kaltenbrunner, are contained in the dossiers of 25 Luxembourgers committed to concentration camps by the Einsatzkommando of the Sipo and SD in Luxembourg during the year 1944. The concentration camps to which the persons were committed included Dachau, Natzweiler, Sachsenhausen, and Buchenwald, Among the grounds were: "strongly suspected of working to the detriment of the Reich;" "spiteful statements inimical to Germany as well as aspersions and threats against persons active in the National Socialist movement;" "strongly suspected of aiding desertion;" "as relative of a deserter expected to take advantage of every occasion to harm the German Reich." (L-215).
Further orders for commitments of concentration camps are contained in file of 42 telegrams, all issued by the RSHA, Amt IV A 6, Prague, to the Gestapo Office at Darmstadt, and all signed by Kaltenbrunner, during the period from 20 September 1944 to 2 February 1945. The concentration camps to which people were sent included Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrueck, Buchenwald, Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, Flossenburg, and Theresienstadt. Nationalities included Czech, German, French, Dutch, Italian, Corsican, Lithuanian, Greek, and Jew
during the period from 20 September 1944 to 2 February 1945. The concentration camps to which people were sent included Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrueck, Buchenwald, Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, Flossenburg, and Theresienstadt. Nationalities included Czech, German, French, Dutch, Italian, Corsican, Lithuanian, Greek, and Jew. Grounds included "refusal to work;" "religious propaganda;" "sex relations with PWs;" "communist statements;" "loafing on job;" "working against the Reich;" "spreading of rumors detrimental to morale;" "Aktion Gitter;" "breach of work contracts;" "statements against Germany;" "assault of foreman;" "defeatist statements;" "theft and escape from jail." (2239-PS).
(3) Kaltenbrunner authorized executions in concentration camps. Adolf Zutter, the adjutant of Mauthausen concentration camp, avers that, until the assassination of Heydrich, orders for executions at Mauthausen were signed by Heydrich or his substitute, and that after Kaltenbrunner became Chief of the Security Police and SD they were signed either by Kaltenbrunner or by his substitute, Mueller. Zutter mentions a specific instance in which Kaltenbrunner ordered the execution of a group of 12 to 15 uniformed members of an American military mission (L-51).
(4) Kaltenbrunner had knowledge of the commitment of thousands of Warsaw Poles to concentration camps and refused to release them. During the suppression of the Warsaw uprising of 1944, about 50,000 to 60,000 inhabitants of Warsaw were sent to concentration camps. As a result of entreaties by Hans Frank to Himmler the deportation was stopped. Frank and Buehler, his State Secretary, requested Kaltenbrunner to release the persons who had been committed. Kaltenbrunner refused to release them on the grounds they were employed in making secret weapons for the Reich and declared that the number transported into concentration camps in the Reich was small
was stopped. Frank and Buehler, his State Secretary, requested Kaltenbrunner to release the persons who had been committed. Kaltenbrunner refused to release them on the grounds they were employed in making secret weapons for the Reich and declared that the number transported into concentration camps in the Reich was small. Buehler verified the fact that the number of persons so placed in concentration camps for forced labor was 50,000 to 69,999 (2476-PS).
(5) Kaltenbrunner controlled the deportation of Poles, Jews, and the non-Germans from Poland. Otto Hofmann, former Chief of the SS Main Office for Race and Settlement Matters, Stated:
"The execution of all so-called resettlement actions, that is, the sending away of Polish, Jewish, and people of non-German blood, inhabitants of a territory in Poland destined for Germanization was in the hands of the Chief of the RSHA, Heydrich, and, since the end of 1942, Kaltenbrunner." (L-49).
(6) Kaltenbrunner ordered the deportation of Jews from Denmark. In September 1943 Himmler ordered the Danish Jews arrested and shipped to Stettin and from there to Theresienstadt concentration camp. Mildner, the Chief of the Sipo and SD, telegraphed the RSHA to request that the Jewish persecutions be stopped. In reply he received an order from Himmler through Kaltenbrunner to carry out the anti-Jewish action. Shortly thereafter Mildner flew to Berlin to speak to Kaltenbrunner personally about the matter. In Kaltenbrunner's absence he spoke to Mueller. After his return to Copenhagen, Mildner received a direct order from Himmler through Kaltenbrunner to carry out the anti-Jewish actions immediately (2375-PS).
(7) Kaltenbrunner personally exercised punitive authority over foreign workers
speak to Kaltenbrunner personally about the matter. In Kaltenbrunner's absence he spoke to Mueller. After his return to Copenhagen, Mildner received a direct order from Himmler through Kaltenbrunner to carry out the anti-Jewish actions immediately (2375-PS). (7) Kaltenbrunner personally exercised punitive authority over foreign workers. By order of Kaltenbrunner Labor Reformatory Camps were established under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Security Police (1063-B-PS).
In addition to sending workers to Labor Reformatory Camps, Kaltenbrunner, through orders for protective custody signed by him or by facsimile of his signature, committed workers to concentration camps. On 9 February 1945 a French citizen was sent to Buchenwald by order of Kaltenbrunner for shirking work and insubordinate behavior. On 18 June 1943 a Pole was sent to Natzweiler "to be used as a skilled worker" by order of Kaltenbrunner. On 2 December 1944 a citizen of the Netherlands was taken into protective custody "for work sabotage" by order of Kaltenbrunner. On 2 December 1944 a French citizen was taken into protective custody for "work sabotage and insubmissive" (2582-PS; 2580-PS).
(8) Kaltenbrunner personally attended to matters against Jews and political and concentration camp internees in the Protectorate. A memorandum found among Kaltenbrunner's personal effects states in part:
"Radio message to Gruppenfuehrer Fegelein Hq. of the Fuehrer through Sturmbannfuehrer Sansoni, Berlin.
"Please report to RF SS and to the Fuehrer that all arrangements against Jews, political and concentration camp internees in the Protectorate have been taken care of by me personally today" (2519-PS).
(9) Kaltenbrunner personally ordered the Sipo and SD to encourage the populace to lynch American and English flyers
to RF SS and to the Fuehrer that all arrangements against Jews, political and concentration camp internees in the Protectorate have been taken care of by me personally today" (2519-PS). (9) Kaltenbrunner personally ordered the Sipo and SD to encourage the populace to lynch American and English flyers. In 1944 at a conference of Amt Chiefs Kaltenbrunner said:
"All offices of the SD and the security police are to be informed that pogroms of the populace against English and American terror-fliers were not to be interfered with; on the contrary, this hostile mood is to be fostered" (2990-PS).
(10) Kaltenbrunner personally worked out the form of justification to be submitted to cover up the execution of prisoners of war. In connection with the shooting of some 50 recaptured prisoners of war who had escaped from a prisoner of war camp near Breslau, Kaltenbrunner worked out with Mueller and Nebe the false reasons which were to be given to the Red Cross, that is, that they had been killed by bomb attacks, or shot while escaping or resisting arrest (2990-PS).
D. CONCLUSION.
Kaltenbrunner was a life-long fanatical Nazi. He was the leader of the SS in Austria prior to the Anschluss and played a leading role in the betrayal of his native country to the Nazi conspirators. As higher SS and Police Leader in Austria after the Anschluss he supervised and had knowledge of the activities of the Gestapo and the SD in Austria. He had much to do with developing Mauthausen concentration camp and visited it frequently. On at least one occasion he observed the gas chamber in action. With this knowledge and background he accepted in January 1943 appointment as chief of the very agencies which sent such victims to their deaths
Austria. He had much to do with developing Mauthausen concentration camp and visited it frequently. On at least one occasion he observed the gas chamber in action. With this knowledge and background he accepted in January 1943 appointment as chief of the very agencies which sent such victims to their deaths. He held that office to the end, rising to high prominence in the conspiracy, receiving honors from Hitler and gaining Hitler's personal confidence.
LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO ERNST KALTENBRUNNER
Document			Description			Vol.		page
Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6......	I		5
International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H); Appendix A......	I		29,59
Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial, A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court.
*526-PS		Top secret notice, 10 May 1943, concerning saboteurs captured and shot in Norway. (USA 502)......	III		434
532-PS		Telegram of WFSt, 24 June 1944, concerning treatment of Commandos......	III		437
*701-PS		Letter from Minister of Justice to prosecutors, 1 April 1943, concerning poles and Jews who are released from Penal institutions of Department of Justice. (USA 497)......	III		510
745-PS		Letter from Chief of SD, Koblenz, 12 June 1944, concerning enemy aviators who have been shot down......	III		543
*835-PS		Letter from OKW to the German Armistice Commission, 2 September 1944, concerning the status of political prisoners. (USA 527)......	III		602
*1061-PS	Official report of Stroop, SS and Police Leader of Warsaw, on destruction of Warsaw Ghetto, 1943
June 1944, concerning enemy aviators who have been shot down...... III 543 *835-PS Letter from OKW to the German Armistice Commission, 2 September 1944, concerning the status of political prisoners. (USA 527)...... III 602 *1061-PS Official report of Stroop, SS and Police Leader of Warsaw, on destruction of Warsaw Ghetto, 1943. (USA 275)......	III		718
*1063-A-PS	Order of Chief of SIPO and SD, 2 January 1941, concerning classification of concentration camps. (USA 492)......	III		775
*1063-B-PS	Letter signed by Kaltenbrunner, 26 July 1943, concerning establishment of Labor Reformatory camps. (USA 492)......	III		777
*1104-PS	Memorandum, 21 November 1941, enclosing copies of report concerning anti-Jewish action in Minsk. (USA 483)......	III		783
*1276-PS	Top secret letter from Chief of SIPO and SD to OKW/WFST, 17 June 1944, concerning Commando operations. (USA 525)......	III		855
*1514-PS	Order, 27 July 1944, from 6th Corps Area Command concerning delivery of prisoners of war to secret state police. (USA 491)......	IV		53
1574-PS		Warrant, 19 January 1944, for protective custody......	IV		114
*1650-PS	Directive to State Police Directorates from Chief of SIPO and SD by Mueller, 4 March 1944, concerning captured escaped PWs except British and American PWs. (USA 246)......	IV		158
*1815-PS	Documents on RSHA meeting concerning the study and treatment of church politics. (USA 510)......	IV		415
*1919-PS	Himmler's speech to SS Gruppenfuehrers, 4 October 1943. (USA f170)......	IV		558
*2239-PS	File of orders sent by AMT IV, RSHA, Prague, to Gestapo office Darmstadt, signed Kaltenbrunner. (USA 520)......	IV		920
2375-PS		Affidavit of Rudolf Mildner, 16 November 1945, concerning activities of SIPO and SD......	V		2
2476-PS 	Affidavit of Josef Buehler, 4 November 1945......	V		228
*2477-PS	Affidavit of Willy Litzenberg, 4 November 1945. (USA 518)......	V		229
*2519-PS	Undated memorandum for radio message from Kaltenbrunner to Fegelein, concerning arrangements against Jews
concerning activities of SIPO and SD...... V 2 2476-PS Affidavit of Josef Buehler, 4 November 1945...... V 228 *2477-PS Affidavit of Willy Litzenberg, 4 November 1945. (USA 518)...... V 229 *2519-PS Undated memorandum for radio message from Kaltenbrunner to Fegelein, concerning arrangements against Jews. (USA 530)......	V		256
*2580-PS	Protective custody decrees signed Kaltenbrunner. (USA 524)......	V		305
*2582-PS	Telegrams ordering protective custody signed by Kaltenbrunner. (USA 523)......	V		307
*2605-PS	Affidavit of Dr. Rudolf Kastner, former President of the Hungarian Zionist Organization, 13 September 1945. (USA 242)......	V		313
*2620-PS	Affidavit of Otto Ohlendorf, 5 November 1945. (USA 919)......	V		341
2622-PS		Affidavit of Otto Ohlendorf, 5 November 1945......	V		343
*2641-PS	Affidavit of Alois Hoellriegl in connection with photographs of Kaltenbrunner, Himmler, and others at Mauthausen concentration camp. (USA 516)......	V		354
2644-PS		Affidavit of Otto Ohlendorf, 5 November 1945......	V		357
*2745-PS	Order for commitment to concentration camp, 7 July 1943, Kaltenbrunner's signature. (USA 519)......	V		383
2752-PS		Affidavit of Willy Litzenberg, 8 November 1945......	V		392
*2753-PS	Affidavit of Alois Hoellriegl, 7 November 1945. (USA 515)......	V		393
2770-PS		War Decorations, published in Order Gazette of the Chief of Security Police and SD, Edition A, 5th year, 9 December 1944, No. 51......	V		417
2890-PS		Extracts from Befehlsblatt of the SIPO and SD......	V		557
2892-PS		Biographical information on Ernst Kaltenbrunner, published in the Greater German Reichstag, 1938......	V		561
*2938-PS	Article in The German Police, Number 10, Berlin, 15 May 1943, p. 193, concerning Kaltenbrunner. (USA 511)......	V		605
*2939-PS	Affidavit of Walter Schellenberg, 17 November 1945. (USA 513)......	V		606
*2990-PS	Affidavit of Walter Schellenberg, 18 November 1945. (USA 526)......	V		694
*2992-PS	Affidavits of Hermann Graebe
The German Police, Number 10, Berlin, 15 May 1943, p. 193, concerning Kaltenbrunner. (USA 511)...... V 605 *2939-PS Affidavit of Walter Schellenberg, 17 November 1945. (USA 513)...... V 606 *2990-PS Affidavit of Walter Schellenberg, 18 November 1945. (USA 526)...... V 694 *2992-PS Affidavits of Hermann Graebe. (USA 494)......	V		696
*3012-PS	Order signed Christiansen, 19 March 1943, to all group leaders of Security Service, and record of telephone conversation signed by Stapj, 11 March 1943. (USA 190)......	V		731
3361-PS		Message to all Commanders of Security Police from Kaltenbrunner regarding arrest of Plant Directors......	VI		96
*3427-PS	Announcement of Kaltenbrunner appointed Chief of Security Police and SD, in German Police, 15 February 1943. (USA 512)......	VI		130
*3462-PS	Interrogation of Bertus Gerdes, 20 November 1945. (USA 528)......	VI		161
*3723-PS	Testimony of Gottlieb Berger, 20 September 1945. (USA 529)......	VI		460
*3762-PS	Affidavit of SS Colonel Kurt Becher, 8 March 1946, concerning the responsibility of Kaltenbrunner for concentration camp executions. (USA 798)......	VI		645
*3803-PS	Covering letter enclosing a letter from Kaltenbrunner dated 30 June 1944, concerning forced labor of Jews in Vienna. (USA 802)......	VI		737
*3838-PS	Statement of Martin Sandberger, 19 November 1945, concerning Kaltenbrunner's treatment of prisoners. (USA 800)......	VI		773
*3839-PS	Statement of Josef Spacil, 9 November 1945, concerning the meaning of "resettlement" and "special treatment". (USA 799)......	VI		774
*3840-PS	Statement of Karl Kaleske, 24 February 1945, concerning the elimination of the Warsaw Ghetto. (USA 803)......	VI		775
*3841-PS	Statement of SS and Polizeifuehrer Juergen Stroop, 24 February 1945, concerning elimination of the Warsaw Ghetto. (USA 804)......	VI		776
*3842-PS	Statement of Fritz Mundhenke, 7 March 1946, concerning the activities of Kaltenbrunner and SS in preparation for occupation of Czechoslovakia
VI 775 *3841-PS Statement of SS and Polizeifuehrer Juergen Stroop, 24 February 1945, concerning elimination of the Warsaw Ghetto. (USA 804)...... VI 776 *3842-PS Statement of Fritz Mundhenke, 7 March 1946, concerning the activities of Kaltenbrunner and SS in preparation for occupation of Czechoslovakia. (USA 805)......	VI		778
*3844-PS	Statement of Josef Niedermayer, 7 March 1945, concerning Kaltenbrunner's part in "bullet" orders at Mauthausen concentration camp. (USA 801)......	VI		782
*3846-PS	Interrogation of Johann Kanduth, 30 November 1945, concerning crematorium at Mauthausen and the activities of Kaltenbrunner there. (USA 796)......	VI		783
*3868-PS	Affidavit of Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Hoess, 5 April 1946, concerning execution of 3,000.000 people at Auschwitz Extermination Center. (USA 819)......	VI		787
*3870-PS	Affidavit of Hans Marsalek, 8 April 1946, concerning Mauthausen Concentration Camp and dying statement of Franz Ziereis, the Commandant. (USA 797)......	VI		790
D-46		Order designating Herzogenbosch as concentration camp, 18 January 1943......	VI		1025
D-50		Order establishing concentration camps at Lublin, 9 April 1943......	VI		1027
*D-473		Letter from Kaltenbrunner to Criminal public Offices, 4 December 1944, concerning combatting of crime among Polish and Soviet-Russian civilian laborers. (USA 522)......	VII	64
L-5		Order of military Commander Southeast, 3 September 1944......	VII		755
*L-18		Official report, Katzmann to General of Police Krueger, 30 June 1943, concerning "Solution of Jewish Question in Galicia"