dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
as true assistants of the Court. Under the impact of these findings of the Tribunal the States of the international legal community would then create a new law under which those who in the future would be guilty of starting an unjust war would be threatened with punishment by an International Tribunal.
The Defense are also of the opinion that other principles of a penal character contained in the
Charter
are in contradiction with the maxim, "Nulla Poena Sine Lege".
Finally, the Defense consider it their duty to point out at this juncture another peculiarity of this Trial which departs from the commonly recognized principles of modern jurisprudence. The Judges have been appointed exclusively by States which were the one party in this war. This one party to the proceeding is all in one: creator of the statute of the Tribunal and of the rules of law, prosecutor and judge. It used to be until now the common legal conception that this should not be so; just as the United States of America, as the champion for the institution of international arbitration and jurisdiction, always demanded that neutrals, or neutrals and representatives of all parties, should be called to the Bench. This principle has been realized in an exemplary manner in the case of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague.
In view of the variety and difficulty of these questions of law the Defense hereby pray:
That the Tribunal direct that an opinion be submitted by internationally recognized authorities on international law on the legal elements of this Trial under the
Charter
of the Tribunal.
On behalf of the attorneys for all defendants who are present.
/ s / DR. STAHMER
Notes:
(*)
The Tribunal rejected this motion 21 November 1945, ruling that in so far as it was a plea to the jurisdiction of the Tribunal it was in conflict with
Article 3 of the Charter
.
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Volume 1 Contents
Judgment
Judgment of the International Military Tribunal
General
The Charter Provisions
The Nazi Regime in Germany
Origin and Aims of the Nazi Party
The Consolidation of Power
Measures of Re-Armament
The Common Plan or Conspiracy and Aggressive War
Preparation for Aggression
Planning of Aggression
Conferences of 23rd November, 1939, and 5th November, 1937
The Invasion of Austria
The Siezure of Czechosolovakia
The Aggression Against Poland
The Invasion of Denmark and Norway
The Invasion of Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxemburg
The Aggression Against Yugoslavakia and Greece
The Aggressive War Against the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
War Against the United States
Violations of International treaties
General
The Hague Conventions
The Versailles Treaty
Treaties of Mutual Guarantee, Arbitration and Non-Aggression
The Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Law of the Charter
The Law as to the Common Plan or Conspiracy
War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
General
Murder and Ill-Treatment of Prisoners of War
Murder and Ill-Treatment of Civilian Population
Slave Labour Policy
Persecution of the Jews
The Law Relating to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
The Accused Organizations
General
The Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party
Gestapo and S.D.
The SS
The SA
The Reich Cabinet
General Staff and High Command
THE DEFENDANTS
Goering
Hess
Ribbentrop
Keitel
Kaltenbrunner
Rosenberg
Frank
Frick
Streicher
Funk
Schacht
Doenitz
Raeder
von Schirach
Sauckel
Jodl
von Papen
Seyss-Inquart
Speer
von Neurath
Fritzsche
Bormann
The Sentences
Dissenting Opinion of the Soviet Member of the International Military Tribunal
General
Schacht
von Papen
Fritzsche
Hess
Reich Cabinet
General Staff and OKW
International Military Tribunal for Germany
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III
Document No. 001-PS
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Translation of Document 001-PS
Copy to Regional Leader of the NSDAP
Extract of par. 1 to DEGENHARD 15 April
SECRET
Documentary Memorandum for the Fuehrer
Concerning: Jewish Possessions in France
In compliance with the order of the Fuehrer for protection of Jewish, cultural possessions, a great number of Jewish dwellings remained unguarded. Consequently, many furnishings have disappeared, because a guard could, naturally, not be posted. In the whole East, the administration has found terrible conditions of living quarters, and the chances of procurement are so limited that it is not practical to procure any more. Therefore I beg the Fuehrer to permit the seizure of all Jewish home furnishings of Jews in Paris, who have fled, or will leave shortly, and that of Jews living in all parts of the occupied West, to relieve the shortage of furnishings in the administration in the East.
2. A great number of leading Jews were, after a short examination in Paris, again released. The attempts on the lives of members of the armed forces have not stopped, on the contrary they continue. This reveals an unmistakable plan to disrupt the German-French cooperation, to force Germany to retaliate, and, with this, evoke a new defense on the part of the French against Germany. I suggest to the Fuehrer that, instead of executing 100 Frenchmen, we substitute 100 Jewish bankers, lawyers, etc. It is the Jews in London and New York who incite the French communists to commit acts of violence, and it seems only fair that the members of this race should pay for this. It is not the little Jews, but the leading Jews in France, who should be held responsible. That would tend to awaken the Anti-Jewish sentiment.
BERLIN 12/18/191941
R/H
signed: A. ROSENBERG
Source:
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III
Office of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality
Washington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946
Volume III Menu
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III Document No.002-PS Previous Document Volume III Menu Next Document TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 002-PS SECRET 25 March 1943 President of Reich Research Dept. Head of Executive Council To the Reichsminister of Finance Berlin W 8 Wilhelmplatz 1-2 Ref 503/43 G SR/GE In regard to our correspondence of the 19th Dec ( J 4761-171 I g III. Ang ) to which I gave you a preliminary communication on the 19th Feb , I finally take the following position: The Surgeon General-SS and Police, in a personal discussion told me that the budget which he administers concerns primarily the purely military sector of the Waffen SS. As for the small part used for the enlarging of scientific research possibilities, it pertains exclusively to such affairs that can be carried out only with the material (prisoners), which is accessible to the Waffen SS and can therefore not be undertaken by any other experimental agency. I cannot object therefore on the part of the Reich Experimental Counsel against the budget of the Surgeon General-SS and Police. Signed: Mentzel Ministerialdirektor ----------------- SECRET Reich Leader SS Reich Surgeon SS and Police File: 135/ Secret / 43 TG, NR 24/13 geh. Berlin 26 Feb 43 Subj.: Scientific Institutes Ref to: Correspondence of 2/19/1943 Rf. 234/43 SR. To the Head of the Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel Ministerialdirektor Mentzel Berlin-Steglitz Grunewaldstrasse 35 My dear Ministerialdirektor: In acknowledgment of your letter of 19 Feb 1943 , I am able to reply the following to it today: The appropriation for the 53 key positions for my office which you made the basis of your memorandum as planned for peace times. The special institutes of the SS which are to be partly staffed through this appropriation are to serve the purpose to establish and make accessible for the entire realm of scientific research, the particular possibilities of research only possessed by the SS. In view of the further developments of this war, I have already shelved this plan for the time being as the result of negotiations with the Reich Finance Minister in the past year, so that my authorized personnel amounts to 25 key positions only. Of these positions, only 5 are filled at present. Under
In view of the further developments of this war, I have already shelved this plan for the time being as the result of negotiations with the Reich Finance Minister in the past year, so that my authorized personnel amounts to 25 key positions only. Of these positions, only 5 are filled at present. Under these circumstances our objections with regard to an unreasonable overlapping of work of scientific institutes for the war's duration are void. I will gladly be at your disposal at any time, however, to discuss the particular research aims in connection with the SS, which I would like to start after the war according to the direction of the Reich leader SS. Furthermore, it is important that these researches--once their realization appears possible, will be tied in with the related research aims of the state. Hoping to have served you with my preliminary summary, I remain with best greetings and Heil Hitler GRAWITZ ---------------- 25 March 1943 Pres. of Reich Research Counsel Head of Executive Counsel To the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Prof. Dr. Grawitz Berlin W 15 Knesebeckstr. 51 Rf. 504./43 g SR/Ge. Pertaining to: Letter of 26 Feb 1943 File: 135/geh. 43-Tgb.Nr. 24/43 g. I am sending the enclosed carbon copy of my letter to the Reichsminister of Finance in regard to the conversation of 11 March, this year, for your information Heil Hitler! [rubber stamp] Signed: Mentzel Ministerialdirektor SS Major General Berlin-Steglitz Grunewaldstr. 35 19 Feb 1943 Pres. Reich Research Counsel Head of Executive Counsel To the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Prof. Dr. Grawitz W 15 Knesebeckstr. 51 RECEIPT Letter Nr. Date Nr. of Pieces Rf. 234/43 Sr. 19 Feb 1943 1 Sent on: 20 Feb 1943 Received on: 22 Feb 1943 [Seal] [Signature illegible] SS Lt. Col. Signature of person receiving and opened registered letter -------------------- SECRET 19 Feb 1943 Reich Research Counsel Rf. 234/43 Sr. The Head of Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel To the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Pl of. Dr. Grawitz Berlin W. 15 Knesebeckstr. 51 The Reich minister of finance told me that you requested 53 leading positions (BES. GR C3-C8) for your office, partly for a new research institute. After the
Head of Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel To the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Pl of. Dr. Grawitz Berlin W. 15 Knesebeckstr. 51 The Reich minister of finance told me that you requested 53 leading positions (BES. GR C3-C8) for your office, partly for a new research institute. After the Reichsmarshall of the Great-German Reich had, as President of the Reich Research Counsel, taken over all German research he issued directives, among other things, that in the execution of militarily important scientific tasks, the available institutions, including equipment and personnel, should be utilized to the utmost for reasons of necessary economy of effort. The founding of new institutes is therefore only possible in as far as there are no institutes available for the furtherance of important war research tasks. As I don't know your personal purpose and have insufficient information from the explanation the Reich finance minister gave me about the planned institute, I would be thankful if you would further explain your plans and purposes. I will gladly be at the disposal of one of your co-workers for an interview or would be ready to call upon you personally. I wish you would inform me as to when and where these discussions may take place. Heil Hitler! [rubber stamp ] Signed: Mentzel Ministerialdirektor SS Major General ---------------- SECRET REICH RESEARCH COUNSEL Rf. 232/43 Sr. To the Reich Minister of Finance Head of Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel Berlin W. 8 Wilhelmplatz 1-2 You notified me on the 19th Dec. ( J4761-174 I g III, Ang ) concerning the research work by the Surgeon General SS and Police, and asked me what stand I take. Since the work of the state chief of research started originally in the armament department, I was unable to clear up any questions pertaining to the medical department, which came up in the last weeks. But I shall do so in the near future, and I believe I can already say that the new institutes requested by the surgeon general of SS and police will be unnecessary since other institutes can cover these planned missions. I shall have a conference with the surgeon general SS and police pertaining to details of
weeks. But I shall do so in the near future, and I believe I can already say that the new institutes requested by the surgeon general of SS and police will be unnecessary since other institutes can cover these planned missions. I shall have a conference with the surgeon general SS and police pertaining to details of this planned work and, at that time, I shall let you know what my final stand will be. I would like to suggest, therefore, to defer the decisions at this time. In this connection I state that the health officer, State Secretary Conti approached the president of the research counsel requesting funds to establish an institute for virus research in Frankfurt on Main. Investigations to date have shown that the institute is not necessary since the planned work can, without doubt, be done * * * Pres. Reich Research Counsel Head of Executive Counsel Berlin-Steglitz 19 Feb 1943 Grunewaldstr .35. To the Reichsminister of Finance W. 8, Wilhelmplatz 1-2 RECEIPT Letter Nr. Date Nr. of Pieces Rf. 232/43 Sr. 19 Feb 1943 1 Sent on: 2 Feb 1943 Received on: Received 22 Feb. 43 Reich Finance Minister [Seal] [Signature illegible] Signature of person receiving and opening -------------------- SECRET The Reich Minister of Finance J4761-174 I g III, Ang Berlin 19 Dec. 1942 Wilhelmplatz 1/2 Tel. 120015 Postal Check Acct. Berlin Nr. 25956 Assumption of Research Mission By the Surgeon General SS and Police The surgeon general SS and police has requested 53 key positions for the new organization of his office ( Bes. Gr. C3-38 ). The organization plan shows that the surgeon general SS and police plans not only special experts for "Research" in pharmaceutical chemistry, in dental and clinical services and a special section of scientific service, but also that plans are desired for a string of institutes which likewise deal mainly with research work: 1. Central Institute for Medical Scientific Exploitation 2. Institute for the History of Medicine 3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Institute 4. Pharmacy for Military Requirements 5. Special Institute Sachenhausen 6. Pathological Institute 7. Hygienic Research Institute In the informal discussions it was referred to the fact that the plans for the research arrangements for the
3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Institute 4. Pharmacy for Military Requirements 5. Special Institute Sachenhausen 6. Pathological Institute 7. Hygienic Research Institute In the informal discussions it was referred to the fact that the plans for the research arrangements for the Waffen-SS can only be granted if the research missions which the Surgeon General SS embarked upon are not already undertaken by other independent institutes, resp. by the universities, or belong to their sphere. The Hygienic Institute, according to the proposed plan, includes the following seven divisions: 1. Division for combating epidemics with bacteriological and serological laboratories 2. Division for hygiene with corresponding laboratories 3. Division for chemistry with chemical laboratories 4. Division for geology and hydrology [Reich Research Counsel In care of Ministerialdirektor, Prof. Dr. Mentzel] 5. Division for climatology and geography, especially in preparation for cultural waging of war in subtropical and tropical lands in Africa 6. Division for statistics and epidemic forecast which will, with new developments, work against the spreading of epidemics for the coming years 7. Division for the elimination of epidemics which will chiefly concern itself with new installation of apparatus for delousing and sterilization of drinking water for the fighting troops I lack accurate data for other institutes. I have set aside the decision on this budget. Regarding the decree of the Fuehrer of the 9th June 42, (RGBL. I, 389), and the emphasized necessity of coordinated scientific research, I ask for your immediate opinion on the matter. Signed: Dr. Bender Certified Cunsich Chief Tax Secretary (RGBL I 389) Source: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III Office of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality Washington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946 Previous Document Volume III Menu
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III
Document No.003-PS
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Translation of Document 003-PS
A Short Report of the Activity of the Foreign Policy Office (APA)
The mission of the Foreign Policy Office (APA) of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) could not from its founding be considered a replica of the development of the Foreign Office, but is restricted in a very definite manner. From the entire foreign policy complex the following concrete problems have been selected:
The German-English Relationship, the North Eastern Region, the South Eastern Region (Danube Region) along with boundary peoples holding interests in these regions, and Soviet Russia.
With the realization that the entire present day foreign policy is tied together in the closest manner with the question of foreign trade, a definite division was established to deal with this subject. Thus the following divisions were set up in the APA.:
England, the North, the South-East Region, the Near East, Foreign Trade, and the Press.
1. England:
The attempts to find persons in England who had the desire to understand the German movement date back to 1929. Our English agent R. in Berlin made possible my first trip to London in 1931. There a number of connections were made which worked out well in a practical fashion to bring about a German-English understanding. Above all was Group Leader W., member of the Air General Staff, who was firmly of the belief that Germany and England must stand together in the defense against the Bolshevist danger. These different voicings of opinions had the result that the circle in the English Air General Staff enlarged and the Flying Club became a center of German-English understanding. In 1934 Group Leader W. came to Germany where he was received by the Fuehrer (Hitler). The utterances of the Fuehrer had the result to further strengthen these already favorably inclined policies, and since this time this cordiality has not been broken
and the Flying Club became a center of German-English understanding. In 1934 Group Leader W. came to Germany where he was received by the Fuehrer (Hitler). The utterances of the Fuehrer had the result to further strengthen these already favorably inclined policies, and since this time this cordiality has not been broken. The Air General Staff always inquired of us what they could state to refute the anti-German elements in London in a manner favorable to us. The German arguments were then applied in a corresponding manner. In contrast to certain English persons who would speak out very fervently for Germany, only to speak the contrary some months later, this staunch group, namely, the Air General Staff which was run by the younger officers, had proven itself to be a solid and conscious support in all changing situations. Not least in this influence was the great speech of Baldwin of the previous year in which he promised Germany the right to air protection. The English periodical "The Airplane" which is printed under the guidance of the Air General Staff, began to express against Bolshevism in an always increasing sharper tone, 'and always declared, when there was agitation against German militarism, that one could today feel well pleased if Germany had a strong air force to combat the Asiatic barbarism. The English ministers who did not wish to adopt this point of view were sharply criticized. In the change of foreign ministers the pro-French candidate for foreign office was not selected, but rather the ex-Minister of Air, Samuel Hoare. who till this day still keeps up his personal contacts with the Air Ministry. Upon his request a memorandum on the spiritual foundation of national socialism, inspired by us, was translated to him; it being his desire to understand our movement more fully.
During the reign of MacDonald this feeling of cordiality was supported through the private secretary of MacDonald, Mr. Badlow whom I also met in 1933 and with whom I had extensive discussions
national socialism, inspired by us, was translated to him; it being his desire to understand our movement more fully. During the reign of MacDonald this feeling of cordiality was supported through the private secretary of MacDonald, Mr. Badlow whom I also met in 1933 and with whom I had extensive discussions. Since this time he has constantly been informed through us, and has had more than one heated difference of opinion with MacDonald over this subject.
A resulting activity of this connection with the British Air General Staff was the establishment of a liaison between our Air Ministry and the British fliers. However, before it was possible for us to reveal our armament, W. revealed to me on official stationery of the British Air Ministry, a representative of the airplane motor factory which was engaged in producing motors for the British Air Force, and which said representative I later met here in Berlin. Since the German industry itself had attained production capacity by now, this almost official British offer for German air arming could not be fully accepted. However, the Chief of our England Division (Kapitaenleutnant Obermueller, reserve) took two representatives of the German Air Ministry to London and himself undertook several trips to London. He was the first German to receive an invitation from the vice-Air Marshal to view the British Air Force and British air strength. The APA had placed an automobile at the disposal of this same Air Marshal in which to tour Germany when he was in Germany last year. A firmer bond has also been accomplished between our English Division and Henry Deterding and his associates. Misunderstandings in matter of taxes pertaining to the German possessions of Deterding could be removed, thus preventing a change of management in respect to Deterding and the Shell Works whereby Germany would have lost some large contracts.
At the close of last year we received the message that the King of England has expressed himself to be very dissatisfied over the official press agency