dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
inflow and the lack of experienced help. Therefore the whole headquarters had to be taken over again into the camp strength of the KL Buchenwald. It was absolutely unknown which prisoners were in "S III" and the SS had it compiled with the help of prisoners, a complete record of all the camp inmates. At that time the rolls disclosed a strength of 7,648 men of which about 2,000 were in the so-called north Camp and approximately 5,500 in the South Camp. Before the lists sent to the KL Buchenwald could be checked, 1,400 completely exhausted prisoners arrived at Buchenwald from "S III" on 12 December 1944. They gave the camp its first shocking impression of the horrible conditions in Ohrdruf. On their arrival at the Buchenwald railroad station more than 200 of the 1,400 prisoners had already died or were wwell spent and exhausted that they were unable to give their names or numbers. The transport lists, sloppily compiled by the SS, did not check. Prisoners were listed that did not come with the transport and vice-versa, consequently it was impossible to accurately identify later the dead. The SS management did not send the next transport of "shredded" workers to Buchenwald but to the concentration camp Bergen-Belsen, where their final liquidation in the remoteness of the Lueneburger Heide, presumably, could be carried out less openly and more expeditiously. The tragic end of the exterior headquarters is probably known by this time. At the approach of the victorious Allied troops the headquarters set out on foot in the direction of Buchenwald. Anyone who could not keep up with the marching column was shot. From 4 to 7 April 1945 about 9,300 prisoners (in view of the chaotic conditions which also existed here, an accurate count could not be made) arrived in Buchenwald. On the 9 and 10 April 1945 the SS evacuated the majority of them from Buchenwald. From all that has been learned so far about them it is probable that this transport was annihilated completely. At the end of March, according to the local reports, about 12,000 prisoners were in "S III". The prisoners who did not arrive in Buchenwald, by the SS in the "S III" camp or on the road. Table 11 Date Number Type From KL-All to S III 19 Nov. '44 778 Hung. Jews Sachsenhausen 24 Nov. '44 500
the end of March, according to the local reports, about 12,000 prisoners were in "S III". The prisoners who did not arrive in Buchenwald, by the SS in the "S III" camp or on the road. Table 11 Date Number Type From KL-All to S III 19 Nov. '44 778 Hung. Jews Sachsenhausen 24 Nov. '44 500 Hung. Jews Sachsenhausen 26 Nov. '44 1,000 Jews Stutthof 27 Nov. '44 500 Jews Sachsenhausen 29 Nov. '44 500 Lithuanians, Poles, Russians Stutthof 2 Dec. '44 353 Polish jews Camp Plaszow 5 Dec. '44 1,997 Various Dachau 7 Dec. '44 500 Poles Auschwit 13 Dec. '44 2,496 Various Dachau 18 Dec. '44 425 Mostly Poles Auschwitz 26 Dec. '44 394 Mostly Poles Natzweiler In the following Table 12 transports are listed, consisting of prisoners from "S III" no longer capable of working, which were transferred to other camps. It is to be assumed, that at least a portion of these prisoners were not recorded as additions in the camps of their destination, because they were condemned to be liquidated and therefore, not booked on the rolls of the camp strength. Table 12 Date Number Type Destination 14 Febr. '45 500 Various Bergen-Belsen 24 Febr. '45 1,884 Various Bergen-Belsen 25 Febr. '45 500 Various Bergen-Belsen In addition to the above there was one transport of 1,002 "invalids", the greater number of which had also been in "S III", or had been destined for "S III", but were sent directly from Buchenwald to the KL Bergen-Belsen. Of the new arrivals booked by "S III" in the period of 24 December 1944 to 26 February 1945, the records indicate that 1,460 prisoners died in Ohrdruf. XI. The advance of the Red Army compelled the evacuation of the large concentration camps in the East. The result was a maddening increase in arrivals and a horrible, almost inconceivable increase of unnecessary suffering and senseless sacrifices. The offensive on the Vistula River began 13 January 1945. Within a short time the Red Army reached a menacing position close to the concentration camp Auschwitz, where there must have been about 80,000 prisoners. Auschwitz had to be evacuated. Shortly thereafter, the concentration camp gross Rosen near Breslau had to be cleared. The first transports of evacuated Jews from the KL Auschwitz on open railroad cars arrived here on 22 January 1945,
the concentration camp Auschwitz, where there must have been about 80,000 prisoners. Auschwitz had to be evacuated. Shortly thereafter, the concentration camp gross Rosen near Breslau had to be cleared. The first transports of evacuated Jews from the KL Auschwitz on open railroad cars arrived here on 22 January 1945, which were soon followed by others. In those days it was bitterly cold. These human beings had been traveling for days, insufficiently clad and underfed. In the overcrowded railroad cars their comrades had died from weakness and exhaustion, and to save themselves the living had to throw the dead bodies from the moving train. The commandant of the camp received complaints from the regions through which the trains had passed, that corpses had been found on the railway embankments. The arrivals very often dragged themselves from the railroad station to the camp with their last ounce of strength. Prisoners, the camp guards and the fire department had to proceed with two-wheeled carts and handcarts, usually, and for transporting building materials to the station to load up the collapsed persons and the dead bodies. The camp streets were littered with lost blankets, caps, overcoats, mess kits and collapsed human beings, who had not been able to drag themselves any further. An accurate count of the additions was no longer possible. A check on the number of those leaving the point of departure and on how many had died on the way, escaped, or had simply remained behind also was no longer possible. Likewise the administrations of the dissolved camps did not know which prisoners had been transported to Buchenwald. The Reich Security Service sent a teletype letter to all the concentration camps, who had received additions from Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen, requesting that lists of the newly arrived prisoners with their old prisoner's number be forwarded as soon as possible to the administration of the Auschwitz concentration camp, which latter in the meantime had been transferred to the KL Mittelbau. The concentration camps Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen, as well as other camps and prisons in the East and the West had to be evacuated in great haste and many of the inmates came to Buchenwald. The transport which came here will be listed in detail in Table
had been transferred to the KL Mittelbau. The concentration camps Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen, as well as other camps and prisons in the East and the West had to be evacuated in great haste and many of the inmates came to Buchenwald. The transport which came here will be listed in detail in Table 13 and Table 14 will show the increases in the camp strength in the additions and the death cases. Table 13 Date Number Type of Prisoner Origin 24 Dec. '44 916 Polish Jews Budapest via Vienna 25 Dec. '44 1,913 Hungarian Jews 17 Jan. '45 263 Various Cologne and Aix-la-Chapelle. 17 Jan. '45 2,740 Polish Jews Tschenstochau. 20 Jan. '45 1,446 Polish Jews Tschenstochau. 22 Jan. '45 2,224 Jews diff.nations Auschwitz. 23 Jan. '45 917 Jews diff. nations Auschwitz. 26 Jan. '45 3,987 Various Auschwitz. 3 Febr. '45 291 Various Kuestrin 5 Febr. '45 285 French a. Belgians Prison Gr. Strehlitz. 7 Febr. '45 250 Various Kuestrin. 10 Febr. '45 6,805 Various Gross-Rosen. 24 Febr. '45 464 Various Gross-Rosen. 26 Febr. '45 290 Various Exterior Hdg. Gross-Rosen. 5 Mar. '45 580 Various Gross-Rosen to Exterior. Hdqtrs. Leipzig. 7 Mar. '45 905 Mostly Jews Gross-Rosen 12 Mar. '45 399 Mostly Jews Gross-Rosen 30 Mar. '45 280 Various Natzweiler. Table 14 Date Additions Deaths Camp Strength End of month Nov. '44 10,305 612 59,261 Dec. "44 12,555 1,113 63,048 Jan. '45 24,197 2,002 80,297 Febr. '45 13,066 5,523 86,232 March '45 6,560 5,531 80,436 The further expansion in the last 11 days of the existence of the National Socialistic concentration camp Buchenwald was influenced by the ever closer approaching Allied Armies. The last of the exterior headquarters located in the West returned to the camp of origin Buchenwald. On 6 April the number of the prisoners amounted to about 47,700 men. The balance of 31,598, mostly employed in exterior headquarters east of Buchenwald, did not return to the camp. At this time nothing is known of their fate. The SS began to evacuate the camp on April 6, 1945. It succeeded in transferring 28,285 Prisoners to other camps. The transports in detail are given in Table 15. Table 15 Date Number Type of Prisoners Destination 6 Apr. '45 3,105 Jews KL Flossenbuerg 7 Apr. '45 1,500 Various Leitmeritz 7 Apr. '45 4,800 Mostly Jews KL flosenbuerg 9 Apr. '45 9,600 Various
1945. It succeeded in transferring 28,285 Prisoners to other camps. The transports in detail are given in Table 15. Table 15 Date Number Type of Prisoners Destination 6 Apr. '45 3,105 Jews KL Flossenbuerg 7 Apr. '45 1,500 Various Leitmeritz 7 Apr. '45 4,800 Mostly Jews KL flosenbuerg 9 Apr. '45 9,600 Various Dachau 10 Apr. '45 9,280 Various Unknown ----- Total 28,285 When the KL Buchenwald was liberated by the Allied Armies on 11 April 1945 there were still about 21,000 prisoners on the Ettersberg. Annex I Tabular Survey of the Numerical Expansion at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp Decrease Camp strength end of month Month Increase Disch. Trans. Died Total July '37 930 1 929 Aug. '37 1,414 8 48 2,295 Sept. '37 180 7 55 2,420 Oct. '37 109 2 60 2,469 Nov. '37 133 9 75 2,527 Dec. '37 146 22 112 2,561 Total 2,912 48 351 Jan. '38 139 67 2,633 Febr. '38 140 45 2,728 Mar. '38 138 60 2,806 April '38 236 42 3,000 May '38 1,785 54 4,731 June '38 3,103 111 7,723 July '38 463 258 7,928 Aug. '38 348 485 7,791 Sept. '38 3,059 379 10,471 Oct. '38 428 711 10,188 Nov. '38 10,098 2,181 18,105 Dec. '38 185 7,262 11,028 Total 20,122 771 11,655 Jan. '39 184 1,727 9,485 Febr. '39 113 949 8,649 Mar. '39 45 30 8,664 Apr. '39 13 2,314 6,363 May '39 20 713 5,670 June '39 103 250 5,523 July '39 166 297 5,392 Aug. '39 155 165 5,392 Sept. '39 3,314 62 8,634 Oct. '39 5,373 1,232 12,775 Nov. '39 50 448 12,377 Dec. '39 17 587 11,807 Total 9,553 1,235 8,774 Jan. '40 24 875 10,956 Feb. '40 21 654 10,323 Mar. '40 14 1,518 8,819 Apr. '40 67 900 7,986 May '40 19 372 7,633 June '40 26 321 7,338 July '40 250 318 7,270 Aug. '40 1,168 239 8,199 Sept. '40 52 144 8,107 Oct. '40 196 502 7,801 Nov. '40 96 286 7,611 Dec. '40 592 763 7,440 Total 2,525 1,772 6,892 Jan. '41 50 128 7,362 Feb. '41 452 217 7,597 Mar. '41 236 513 7,320 Apr. '41 505 336 7,489 May '41 288 992 6,785 June '41 231 209 6,807 July '41 2,695 920 8,582 Aug. '41 396 496 8,482 Sept. '41 251 363 8,370 Oct. '41 251 468 8,153 Nov. '41 277 520 7,910 Dec. '41 258 257 7,911 Total 5,890 1,522 5,419 Jan. '42 554 479 7,986 Febr. '42 480 349 8,117 Mar. '42 2,843 2,154 8,806 Apr. '42 521 673 8,654 May '42 452 1,505 7,601 June '42 1,019 620 8,000 July '42 1,996 1,147 8,849 Aug. '42 1,715 678 9,886 Sept. '42 1,709 1,520 10,075 Oct. '42 984 2,228 8,831 Nov. '42 794 533 9,092 Dec. '42 1,044 619 9,517 Total 14,111 2,898 12,505 Jan.
'42 554 479 7,986 Febr. '42 480 349 8,117 Mar. '42 2,843 2,154 8,806 Apr. '42 521 673 8,654 May '42 452 1,505 7,601 June '42 1,019 620 8,000 July '42 1,996 1,147 8,849 Aug. '42 1,715 678 9,886 Sept. '42 1,709 1,520 10,075 Oct. '42 984 2,228 8,831 Nov. '42 794 533 9,092 Dec. '42 1,044 619 9,517 Total 14,111 2,898 12,505 Jan. '43 2,500 111 742 11,275 Febr. '43 1,291 94 377 175 646 11,920 Mar. '43 2,474 40 1,582 311 1,933 12,461 Apr. '43 2,773 1,102 299 507 1,908 13,326 May '43 2,339 38 807 379 1,224 14,441 June '43 1,858 122 348 211 681 15,618 July '43 1,727 39 1,317 191 1,547 15,796 Aug. '43 4,537 57 517 118 692 19,641 Sept. '43 5,444 41 233 123 397 24,688 Oct. '43 9,048 41 209 109 359 33,377 Nov. '43 4,454 27 2,378 314 2,719 35,112 Dec. '43 3,734 35 525 967 1,527 37,319 Total 42,177 1,636 8,592 3,516 14,375 Jan. '44 8,017 49 1,454 1,000 2,503 42,833 Febr. '44 1,979 44 2,648 880 3,572 41,240 Mar. '44 5,065 96 1,527 1,311 2,934 43,371 Apr. '44 4,788 120 1,649 560 2,329 45,830 May '44 9,655 133 675 390 1,198 54,287 June '44 9,986 464 2,193 460 3,117 61,156 July '44 7,398 311 1,287 347 1,945 66,609 Aug. '44 17,170 217 429 742 1,388 82,391 Sept. '44 4,221 1,139 471 497 2,107 84,505 Oct. '44 6,728 981 34,047 732 35,760 55,473 Nov. '44 10,305 698 5,207 612 6,517 59,261 Dec. '44 12,555 2,076 5,579 1,113 8,768 63,048 Total 97,867 6,328 57,166 8,644 72,138 Jan. '45 24,197 190 4,756 2,002 6,948 80,297 Febr. '45 13,066 257 1,351 5,523 7,131 86,232 Mar. '45 6,560 488 6,337 5,531 12,356 80,436 Total 43,823 935 12,444 13,056 26,435 TOTAL 1937 to 31 MARCH 1945: 238,980 33,462 158,544 Annex II Copy of a letter from the SS Main Office of Economic Administration to all concentration camps. SS Main Office of Economic Administration Service Group D Concentration Camp D III/Az.: 14 h (KL) 12.42 Lg/Wy Oranienburg 28 December 1942 Regarding: Medical Activities in the concentration Camps Reference: without Enclosure: 1 SECRET TO the 1. Camp Doctors of the concentration Camps Da., Sh. Bu., Neu., Au., Rav., Flo., Lu., Stu., Gr-Ro., Nied., Natz., Hinz., Mor., Herzog., Mau., Copy to the Camp Commandants. In the inclosed a compilation of the current arrivals and departures in all the concentration camps is sent to you for your information. It discloses that out of 136,000 arrivals about 70,000 died. With such a high rate of death the number of the prisoners can never be brought up to the figure as has been ordered by the
of the current arrivals and departures in all the concentration camps is sent to you for your information. It discloses that out of 136,000 arrivals about 70,000 died. With such a high rate of death the number of the prisoners can never be brought up to the figure as has been ordered by the Reichsfuehrer of the SS. The 1. camp doctors must use all means at their disposal to reduce essentially this death rate in the various camps. The best doctor in a concentration camp is not the one, who believes that he must stand out for uncalled severity, but the one who by his supervision and exchange keeps the working capacity at the various labor commands at the highest possible level. The camp doctors must supervise more often than in the past the food of the prisoners and, with the approval of the administration, submit improvement proposals to the camp commandants. These, however, must not only appear on paper, but must be controlled regularly by the camp doctors. Furthermore, the camp doctors are to see to it that the working conditions at the various labor places are improved as much as possible. To this purpose it will be necessary that the camp doctors inspect the labor places on the ground and convince themselves about the conditions of work. The SS Reichsfuehrer has ordered that the death rate absolutely must be reduced. For this reason the aforementioned has been ordered and a monthly report on this matter is to be submitted to the Chief of the Department D III. The first report to be submitted on 1 February 1943. [Signature illegible] Klueder[?] SS Brigadefuehrer and Major general of the Arms Survey For the month of June-November 1942 Month Arrivals Departures Deliveries Uberst [?] Total Dischrg, Uberst [?] Dead Exek. Total June 10,322 1,575 11,897 873 1,903 4,080 243 6,899 July 25,716 31,970 31,970 907 4,340 8,536 477 12,260 Aug. 25,407 28,149 28,149 581 2,950 12,733 99 16,363 Sept. 16,763 6,438 23,201 652 6,805 22,598 144 30,199 Oct. 13,873 5,345 19,218 1,089 6,334 11,858 5,945 25,235 Nov. 17,780 4,565 22,345 809 5,514 10,805 2,350 19,478 Total 109,861 26,919 13,870 4,711 27,846 70,610 9,267 112,434 Source: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Office of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality Washington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946
Document No. 2239-PS Previous Document Volume IV Menu Next Document TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 2239-PS Secret State Police / State Police Precinct WEIMAR. Received March 12, 1945 [red stamp] FS.-NR. 2470 [blue stamp] PRAG NR. 8005 2.3.45 1730-KIL- To State Police DARMSTADT Subject: Protective prisoner ALEX MUUL, born Nov. 1, 1899 in KRIUSCH, Russia Estonia. Reference: Report of January 26, 1945-ROEM. 4-6 Kl. B-2181/44-SCHM.- Protective custody until further notice Examination date May 19, 1945 Reason: Anti-German remarks As prisoner of grade-11-to be left in concentration camp Buchenwald. RSHA-ROEM. 4A 6 Kl. B-Nr. M 34 591- DR. KALTENBRUNNER File of Orders for Commitment to Concentration Camps All issued by RSHA, Amt IV A 6, Prague to Stapo Darmstadt signed by Dr. KALTENBRUNNER. Date Grounds KL Class Name Nationality 6.10.44 20.9.44 30.9.44 19.10.44 2.11.44 22.11.44 2.12.44 2.12.44 20.12.44 20.12.44 27.12.44 31.12.44 31.12.44 12.1.45 20.1.45 1.2.45 9.2.45 9.2.45 9.2.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 2.3.45 Vagrancy, suspected subversive activity Sex relations with Pole Refusal to work Religious propaganda Association with Frenchmen and suggesting breach of labor contract Sex relations with PW's. Work sabotage and obstinacy Work sabotage Sexual intercourse with Pole Work sabotage Vagrancy; escape from transport; illegal use of RB. Escape from transport, vagrancy Work sabotage and association with foreigners Molestation and threatening of German woman; Communist statements Loafing on job repeatedly Conduct inimical to Germany; spreading of enemy propaganda; suspected membership in resistance movement Working against Reich Spreading of rumors detrimental to morale Spreading of rumors detrimental to morale "Aktion Gitter" "Aktion Gitter" Creating public nuisance Black market Breach of work contract Sex relations with French PW. Black market operator Black marketing of stolen goods "Aktion Gitter" Work sabotage; suspected activity Loafing on job; creating public nuisance Statements against Germany Statements against Germany Loafing on job "Aktion Gitter" Man and wife? "Aktion Gitter" Assault on foreman Theft of foodstuffs; resale at excess prices; or bartering Defeatist statements Working against Reich Attempted looting after air raid Theft and escape from jail Work
suspected activity Loafing on job; creating public nuisance Statements against Germany Statements against Germany Loafing on job "Aktion Gitter" Man and wife? "Aktion Gitter" Assault on foreman Theft of foodstuffs; resale at excess prices; or bartering Defeatist statements Working against Reich Attempted looting after air raid Theft and escape from jail Work sabotage Lachrenhausen Ravensbrueck Ravensbrueck Dachau Ravensbrueck Ravensbrueck Dachau Dachau Ravensbrueck Ravensbrueck Dachau Dachau Ravensbrueck Hossenburg Bergen-Belsen Hossenburg Buchenwald Buchenwald KL transfer later Dachau Dachau (KL transfer later) Buchenwald Buchenwald (Investigation cont'd) Flossenburg Dachau Dachau Buchenwald (KL transfer later) Buchenwald Buchenwald Thurenanstadt Ravensbrueck Dachau Buchenwald Dachau (KL transfer later) Buchenwald Buchenwald Buchenwald (KL later) I - - I - - I I - - I I - II - II I I I I I I II I I I I II I I IA II II I Vaculik Hartmann Hilbert Bruecher Wetzel Merz Meriadec Selderyk Dillmann Francurchi Garco Dellominut Buettner Nomkin Filber Leclair Etie Farichon Farichon Laux Appel Rauxloh Cau Coudoning Meyer Biache Fruche Rueffer Revenranius Oberle Agurini Muul Lang Maurer Maurer Toorn Rouanet Ezrenlaub Bougoen Borge Top Eberhardt Czech German German German German German German French PW Dutch German [French?] Corsican Italian Italian German Lithuanian German French French French French German German German French French German French French German Greek German Italian [USSR?] Jew Jew German Dutch French German ? ? Dutch German Source: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Office of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality Washington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946
4. WILHELM KEITEL A. POSITIONS HELD BY KEITEL. Chief of the Armed Forces Department in the Reichs Ministry of War (Wehrmachtsamt in Reichskriegsministerium), 1 October 1935 to 4 February 1938. (3019-PS) Chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces (Chief of OKW), equal in rank to a Reichs Minister. (1915-PS) Member of the Secret Cabinet Council, 4 February 1938 to 1945. (2031-PS) Member of Ministerial Council for the defense of the Reich, 30 August 1939 to 1945. (2018-PS) Member of Reichs Defense Council, 4 September 1938 to 1945. (2194-PS) Field Marshal, July 1940 to 1945. (3020-PS) B. FUNCTIONS OF KEITEL. As Chief of the Wehrmachtsamt in the Ministry of War, Keitel was Chief of Staff for von Blomberg, who was both Minister of War and Commander-in-chief of the armed Forces. On 4 February 1938 Hitler abolished the Ministry of War, assumed direct command of the Armed Forces himself, and created the OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht). The OKW advised Hitler on the most important military questions, and prepared and transmitted directives to the Armed Forces. Thus it exercised great influence on the formation of the German military policy and the conduct of military affairs. Keitel was made Chief of the OKW, with rank equal to that of Reichsminister. He was also given authorities of the former Minister of War, and continued to perform the administrative duties of that position. (1915-PS; 1954-PS; 3704-PS) In addition to its ministerial functions, the OKW was Hitler's military staff. Its most important duty was the development of strategic and operational plans. Such plans were worked out by the OKW Operations Staff in broad outline, and then in more detail by the commanders and chiefs of staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. After Hitler had approved the plans they were transmitted by the OKW to the respective military authorities. (3705-PS; 3702-PS; 3707-PS). C. KEITEL'S PART IN THE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CRIMES AGAINST PEACE. Keitel's conspiratorial activities started immediately after the Nazis came to power. As early as in May 1933, when Germany was still a member of the League of Nations, Keitel gave directives for deceiving "Geneva" in rearmament matters. At the second meeting of the Working Committee of the Councillors for Reich Defense on 22 May 1933, Colonel Keitel