dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
around with them a lot of ballast. Therefore, if we cannot settle this matter ourselves, we shall have to call a meeting with the Fuehrer to clear up the coal situation. Keitel and Zeitzler will be invited to attend in order to determine the number of Russians from the rear army territories who can be sent to us. However, I see another possibility; we might organize another drive to screen out workers for the mines from the Russian Ps/W in the Reich. But this possibility is none too promising." (R-124) At another meeting of the Central Planning Board, Speer rejected a suggestion that labor for industries under his control be furnished from German sources instead of from foreign countries, for these reason: "Speer: We do it that way: Kehrl collects the demands for labor necessary to complete the coal-and-iron-plan and communicates the numbers to Sauckel. Probably there will be a conference at the Reich Marshal's in the next week, ad an answer from Sauckel should have arrived by then. The question of recruitment for the armaments industry will be solved together with Weger. "Kehrl: I wish to urge that the allotments to the mines should not be made dependent on the recruitment of men abroad. We were completely frustrated these last three months because this principle had been applied. We ended December with a deficit of 25,000 and we never get replacements. The number must be made up by men from Germany. "Speer: No, nothing doing!" (R-124) Speer also advocated terror and brutality as a means of maximizing production by slave laborers who worked in the industries under his control. In the course of a discussion concerning the supply and exploitation of labor, Speer stated: "Speer: We must also discuss the slackers. Ley has ascertained that the sick list decreased to one fourth or one fifth in factories where doctors are on the staff who are examining the sick men. There is nothing to be said against SS and Police taking drastic steps and putting those known as slackers into concentration camps. There is no alternative. Let it happen several times and the news will soon go round." (R-124) Speer is also guilty of compelling Allied nationals and prisoners of war to engage not only in the production of armaments and munitions, but
taking drastic steps and putting those known as slackers into concentration camps. There is no alternative. Let it happen several times and the news will soon go round." (R-124) Speer is also guilty of compelling Allied nationals and prisoners of war to engage not only in the production of armaments and munitions, but also in direct military operations, against their own country and its actively resisting allies. Speer, as Chief of the Organization Todt, is accountable for its policies which were in direct conflict with the laws of war. The Organization Todt, in violation of the laws of war, impressed allied nationals into its service. Proof of its activity is furnished by an International Labor Office Study of Exploitation of Foreign Labor by Germany: "The methods used for the recruitment of foreign workers who were destined for employment in the Organization did not greatly differ from the methods used for the recruitment of foreigners for deportation to Germany. The main difference was that, since the principal activities of the Organization lay outside the frontiers of Germany, foreigners were not transported to Germany, but had either to work in their own country or in some other occupied territory. "In the recruitment drives for foreign workers for the Organization methods of compulsion as well as methods of persuasion were used, the latter usually with very little result * * *." (L-191) Similar violations of the laws of warfare are disclosed in (407-VIII-PS). As Chief of German war production, Speer sponsored and approved the use of prisoners of war in the production of armaments and munitions which were used against their own country and its actively resisting allies. This fact has been demonstrated by the evidence already discussed. To recapitulate: 1. After Speer assumed responsibility for armament production, his primary concern in his discussions with his co-conspirators was to secure a larger allocation of prisoners of war for his armament factories. In a meeting of the Central Planning Board on 22 April 1943, Speer complained that only 30% of the Russian prisoners of war were engaged in the armament industry. (R-124) 2. In an earlier speech, Speer stated that 10,000
was to secure a larger allocation of prisoners of war for his armament factories. In a meeting of the Central Planning Board on 22 April 1943, Speer complained that only 30% of the Russian prisoners of war were engaged in the armament industry. (R-124) 2. In an earlier speech, Speer stated that 10,000 prisoners of war were put at the disposal of the armaments industry upon his orders. (1435-PS) 3. Finally, Speer advocated returning escaped prisoners of war to factories as convicts. He said, at a meeting of the Central Planning Board: "We have to come to an engagement with the Reichsfuehrer SS as soon as possible so that prisoners of war he picks up are made available for our purposes. The Reichsfuehrer SS gets from 30 to 40,000 men per month. First of all they have to be divided up. From what classes do these people come, anyhow? There certainly is a certain percentage of miners among these people who are picked up. These few thousand men have to go to the mines automatically. Certainly, some educational work has to be done. The men should be put into the factories as convicts. But they have to return to the factories where they were before * * *." (R-124) Speer is also guilty of having approved and sponsored the program for using concentration camp labor in Nazi armament factories, which was part of the larger program of extermination through work. The proof of this activity may be summarized and supplemented as follows: 1. Speer proposed measures for the exploitation of the concentration camp labor in armament factories under his jurisdiction. At a meeting with Hitler Speer proposed and Hitler agreed that armament production should not be established within concentration camps but that concentration camp labor should be made available to established armament factories. (R-124) 2. Speer, by arranging for the use of concentration camp laborers in factories under his control, created an increasing demand for such labor. This demand was filled in part by placing in concentration camps persons who would not ordinarily have been sent there. (1063-D-PS) 3. Speer participated in the exploitation of the victims of the Nazi program of extermination through work. He personally selected sites for subsidiary concentration camps which were
labor. This demand was filled in part by placing in concentration camps persons who would not ordinarily have been sent there. (1063-D-PS) 3. Speer participated in the exploitation of the victims of the Nazi program of extermination through work. He personally selected sites for subsidiary concentration camps which were established near factories in Upper Austria, and knew and approved of the general practice of locating concentration camps near industrial plants which they supplied with labor (Speer's interrogation under oath on 18 October 1945. (3720-PS) Speer visited the concentration camp Mauthausen and factories such as those of Krupp, where concentration camp labor was exploited under barbarous conditions. Despite personal and first-hand knowledge of these conditions, Speer continued to direct the use of concentration camp labor in factories under his jurisdiction. In Speer's interrogation under oath on 18 October 1945, he stated: "Q. But, in general, the use of concentration camp labor was known to you and approved by you as a source of labor? "A. Yes. "Q. And you knew also, I take it, that among the inmates of the concentration camps there were both Germans and foreigners? "A. I didn't think about it at that time. "Q. As a matter of fact you visited the Austrian concentration camp personally, did you not?" "A. I didn't-well I was in Mauthausen once but at that time I was not told just to what categories the inmates of the concentration camps belonged. "Q. But in general everybody knew, did they not, that foreigners who were taken away by the Gestapo, or arrested by the Gestapo, as well as Germans, found their way into the concentration camps? "A. Of course, yes. I didn't mean to imply anything like that." "Q. Did you ever discuss, by the way, the requirements of Krupp for foreign labor? "A. It is certain that it was reported to me what Krupp had in foreign workers. "Q. Did you ever discuss it with any of the members of the Krupp first? "A. I cannot say that exactly, but during the time of my activities I visited the Krupp factory more than once and it is certain that this was discussed, that is, the lack of manpower." (3720-PS) LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE SLAVE LABOR PROGRAM,
of the members of the Krupp first? "A. I cannot say that exactly, but during the time of my activities I visited the Krupp factory more than once and it is certain that this was discussed, that is, the lack of manpower." (3720-PS) LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE SLAVE LABOR PROGRAM, THE ILLEGAL USE OF PRISONERS OF WAR, AND THE SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SAUCKEL AND SPEER THEREFOR Document Description Vol. Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6 (b. c.).....I 5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Sections III; VIII (B, C, H); X; Appendix A.....I 15,39,41,50,53,57 3737-PS Hague Convention of 1907 respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Annex, Articles 6,46,52......VI 590,597,598 3738-PS Geneva Convention of 1929 relative to treatment of Prisoners of War, Articles 2,3,6......VI 600,601 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnburg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *016-PS Sauckel's Labor Mobilization Program, 20 April 1942. (USA 168).....III 46 *017-PS Letter from Sauckel to Reichminister of the Occupied Eastern Territories, 5 October 1942, concerning mobilization of foreign labor forces. (USA 180).....III 60 *018-PS Letter from Rosenberg to Sauckel, 21 December 1942, concerning labor in the East. (USA 186)......VII 61 *019-PS Letter from Sauckel to Rosenberg, 17 March 1943, concerning draft of workers from the East. (USA 181)....III 65 *031-PS Memorandum, 12 June 1944, concerning evacuation of youths from the territory of Army Group "Center", and interoffice memorandum, Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories, 14 June 1944. (USA 171)......III 71 *054-PS Report to Reich Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories, 7 October 1942, concerning treatment of Ukrainian Specialists (USA 198)....III 90 *084-PS Interdepartmental report of Ministry
Army Group "Center", and interoffice memorandum, Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories, 14 June 1944. (USA 171)......III 71 *054-PS Report to Reich Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories, 7 October 1942, concerning treatment of Ukrainian Specialists (USA 198)....III 90 *084-PS Interdepartmental report of Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories, 30 September 1942, concerning status of Eastern laborers. (USA 199)......III 130 *204-PS Memorandum of conference, 18 February 1944, concerning release of Indigenous Labor for purposes of the Reich. (USA 182)....III 215 *254-PS Letter from Raad to Reichminister for Occupied Eastern Territories, 7 June 1944, concerning burning of houses in Wassilkow district. (USA 188).....III 231 *265-PS Memorandum of oral report by Lyser to Fosenberg, 30 June 1943, on situation in district Shitomir. (USA 191)....III 234 *290-PS Letter from Rosenberg Ministry, 12 November 1943, concerning burning of houses in Mueller's district. (USA 189).....III 240 *294-PS Top secret memorandum signed by Brautigam, 25 October 1942, concerning conditions in Russia. (USA 185)....III 242 *407-II-PS Letter from Sauckel to Hitler, 10 March 1943, concerning difficulty in recruiting of workers in former soviet territories. (USA 226).....III 389 *407-V and VI-PS Letter from Sauckel of Hitler, 15 April 1943, concerning labor questions. (USA 209; USA 228).....III 391 *407-VIII-PS Telegram from Sauckel to Hitler, 17 May 1943, concerning foreign labor. (USA 210)......III 394 *407-IX-PS Letter from Sauckel to Hitler, 3 June 1943, concerning foreign labor situation. (USA 229)....III 395 *556-2-PS Order initialed by Keitel, 8 September 1942, for civilians to work on "West Wall". (USA 194).....III 443 *556-13-PS Sauckel note for the files, 5 January 1943. (USA 194).....III 444 *654-PS Thierack's notes, 18 September 1942, on discussion with Himmler concerning delivery of Jews to Himmler for extermination through work. (USA 218).....III 467 *1063-D-PS Mueller's order, 17 December 1942, concerning prisoners qualified for work to be sent to concentration camps. (USA 219).....III 778 *1130-PS Note, 11 April 1943, and report of speech by Koch in Kiev on 5 March 1943, concerning treatment of civilian population in Ukraine. (USA 169)......III 797 *1206-PS Notes of Goerings remarks at
concerning prisoners qualified for work to be sent to concentration camps. (USA 219).....III 778 *1130-PS Note, 11 April 1943, and report of speech by Koch in Kiev on 5 March 1943, concerning treatment of civilian population in Ukraine. (USA 169)......III 797 *1206-PS Notes of Goerings remarks at the Air Ministry, 7 November 1941, concerning employment of laborers in war industries. (USA 215).....III 841 *1292-PS Memorandum of conference with Hitler, 4 January 1944, concerning allocation of labor, 1944. (USA 225).....III 866 *1352-PS Reports concerning the confiscation of Polish agricultural properties, 16 and 29 May 1940, signed Kusche. (USA 176).....III 916 *1375-PS Letter from Frank to Goering, 25 January 1940. (USA 172)......III 925 1381-PS Secret report of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories on Political and Economic Situation in these Territories, December 1942.......III 932 *1435-PS Speech of Speer to Gauleiters, 24 February 1942. (USA 216)......IV 16 *1526-PS Letter from Ukrainian Main Committee to Frank, February 1943. (USA 178)......IV 79 *1584-PS Teletype from Goering to Himmler, 14 February 1944, concerning formation of 7th Air force Group squadron for special purposes. (USA 221)......IV 117 *1666-PS Decree appointing Sauckel General Plenipotentiary for Manpower, 21 March 1942 and decree of Goering conferring certain powers on Sauckel, 27 March 1942. 1942 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, pp. 179-180. (USA 208).......IV 182 *1702-PS Report on evacuation of Kasatin November-December 1943. (USA 193)......IV 205 *1726-PS Statement of Netherlands Government in view of Prosecution and punishment of the German Nazi War Criminals. (USA 195).....IV 227 *1742-PS Directives to Army Commands from Goering, 26 October 1942, concerning combating of partisan activities. (USA 789).....IV 262 *1903-PS Decree of Fuehrer on execution of decree concerning Deputy General for mobilization of labor. Decrees, Regulations; Announcements, Vol. II, p. 510. (USA 206).....IV 546 *1913-PS Agreement between Plenipotentiary General, General for Arbeitseinsatz and German Labor Front concerning care of non-German workers. 1943 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 588. (USA 227)......IV 547 *1919-PS Himmler's speech to SS Gruppenfuehrers, 4 October 1943. (USA
Vol. II, p. 510. (USA 206).....IV 546 *1913-PS Agreement between Plenipotentiary General, General for Arbeitseinsatz and German Labor Front concerning care of non-German workers. 1943 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 588. (USA 227)......IV 547 *1919-PS Himmler's speech to SS Gruppenfuehrers, 4 October 1943. (USA 170).....IV 558 *2220-PS Lammers report to Himmler, 12 April 1943, concerning the situation in the Government General. (USA 175).....IV 855 *2233-A-PS Frank Diary, Abteilungsleitersitzungen, 1939-1940. Minutes of conferences, December and May 1940. (USA 173).....IV 883 *2233-B-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part I. January-March (USA 174)......IV 885 *2241-PS Sauckel Order, 20 July 1942, concerning employment of foreign labor forces in Germany. (USA 200).....IV 923 *2280-PS Letter from Reichs Commissar for Ostland, 3 May 1943, concerning recruiting of manpower in Baltic Countries for Reich territories. (USA 183).....IV 969 *2520-PS Affidavit of Edward L. Deuss, 1 November 1945, concerning approximate number of foreigners put to work for German War Effort in Old Reich. (USA 197).....V 257 *2974-PS Statement by Fritz Sauckel concerning positions held. (USA 15)......V 680 *2980-PS Statement of Albert Speer, concerning positions held. (USA 18)......V 685 *3000-PS Report, from Chief of Main Office III with the High Command in Minsk to Reicke, 28 June 1943, on experiences in political and economic problems in the East, particularly White Ruthenia. (USA 192).....V 726 *3003-PS Report of Lt. Haupt concerning the situation of war economy in Netherlands. (USA 196)......V 726 *3005-PS Letter from Reich Labor Ministry to Presidents of Regional Labor Offices, 26 August 1941, concerning use of Russian PWs. (USA 213).....V 727 *3010-PS Secret organization order from Economic Inspection South, 17 August 1943, concerning recruitment of Workers for the Reich. (USA 184).....V 728 *3012-PS Order signed Christiansen, 19 March 1943, to all group leaders of Security Service, and record of telephone conversation signed by Stapj, 11 March 1943. (USA 190)......V 731 *3040-PS Secret order of Reichsfuehrer SS, 29 February 1942, concerning commitment of manpower from the East. (USA 207).....V 744 *3044-PS Sauckel Order Number 4 7 May 1942, published in Decrees, Regulations, Announcements, (USA 206)......V 756 3044-A-PS Sauckel Order Number
Stapj, 11 March 1943. (USA 190)......V 731 *3040-PS Secret order of Reichsfuehrer SS, 29 February 1942, concerning commitment of manpower from the East. (USA 207).....V 744 *3044-PS Sauckel Order Number 4 7 May 1942, published in Decrees, Regulations, Announcements, (USA 206)......V 756 3044-A-PS Sauckel Order Number 10, 22 August 1942, published in Decrees, Regulations, Announcements........V 764 3044-B-PS Instructions concerning Eastern Household workers, published in Decrees, Regulations, Announcements......V 765 3057-PS Statement of Fritz Sauckel, 5 September 1945......V 853 **3719-PS Testimony of Alfred Rosenberg, 6 October 1945. (USA 187) (Referred to but not offered in evidence.)......VI 436 *3720-PS Testimony of Albert Speer, 18 October 1945. (USA 220)......VI 438 *3721-PS Testimony of Fritz Sauckel, 22 September 1945. (USA 230)......VI 458 *3722-PS Testimony of Fritz Sauckel, 5 October 1945. (USA 224)......VI 459 *3787-PS Report of the Second Meeting of the Reich Defense Council, 25 June 1939. (USA 782).....VI 718 *3819-PS Letter from Sauckel to Fuehrer, 17 March 1944; letter from Speer to Fuehrer, 5 April 1944; and Minutes of conference on 11 July 1944 concerning Labor Problem. (GB 306).....VI 760 *D-288 Affidavit of Dr. Wilhelm Jaeger, 15 October 1945. (USA 202).....VII 2 D-305 Affidavit of Heinrich Buschhauer, 5 October 1945......VII 13 *D-316 Memorandum to Mr. Hupe, 14 March 1942, concerning employment of Russians. (USA 201).....VII 20 *EC-68 Confidential letter from Minister of Finance and Economy, Baden, containing directives on treatment of Polish Farm workers, 6 March 1941. (USA 205).....VII 260 *EC-194 Secret memorandum of Keitel concerning use of prisoners of war in the war industry, 31 October 1941. (USA 214)......VII 336 *L-61 Express letter from Sauckel to Presidents of Landes Employment Offices, 26 November 1942, concerning employment of Jews and exchange of Jews in essential employment against Polish labor. (USA 177).....VII 816 *L-79 Minutes of conference, 23 May 1939, "Indoctrination on the political situation and future aims". (USA 27).....VII 847 *L-191 "The Exploitation of Foreign Labor by Germany" (International Labor Office Study). (USA 231)....VII 231).....VII 1026 *R-103 Letter from Polish Main Committee to General Government of
177).....VII 816 *L-79 Minutes of conference, 23 May 1939, "Indoctrination on the political situation and future aims". (USA 27).....VII 847 *L-191 "The Exploitation of Foreign Labor by Germany" (International Labor Office Study). (USA 231)....VII 231).....VII 1026 *R-103 Letter from Polish Main Committee to General Government of Poland on situation of Polish workers in the Reich, 17 May 1944. (USA 204).....VIII 104 *R-124 Speer's conference minutes of Central Planning Board, 1942-44, concerning labor supply. (USA 179).....VIII 146 *R-129 Letter and enclosure from Pohl to Himmler, 30 April 1942, concerning concentration camps. (USA 217).....VIII 198 Statement XII Political Testament of Robert Ley written in Nurnburg Prison, October 1945......VIII 742 Statement XIII Outline of Defense of Dr. Robert Ley, written in Nurnburg Prison, 24 October 1945......VIII 751 Chapter IX Contents Chapter XI
The Concentration Camps, used against the people of Germany and allied nationals, was one of the fundamental institutions of the Nazi regime. It was a pillar of the system of terror by which the Nazis consolidated their power over Germany. It was a primary weapon in the battle against the Jews, against the Christian church, against labor, against those who wanted peace, against systematic use of terror to achieve the cohesion within Germany which was necessary for the execution of the conspirators' plans for aggression. It was the final link in a chain of terror and repression which involved the SS and the Gestapo and which resulted in the apprehension of victims and their confinement without trial, often without charges, generally with no indication of the length of their detention. The SS thought its espionage system tracked down the victims; the criminal police and the Gestapo seized them and brought them to the concentration camps; and the concentration camps were administered by the SS. No attempt will be made to present a complete catalogue of individual brutalities. The emphasis will rather be upon the fundamental purposes for which these camps were used, the techniques of terror which were employed, the large number of their victims, and the death and anguish which they caused. 1. THE BEGINNING OF "PROTECTIVE CUSTODY" The Nazis realized early that without the most drastic repression of actual and potential opposition they could not consolidate their power over the German people. Immediately after Hitler became Chancellor, the conspirators promptly destroyed civil liberties by issuing the Presidential Emergency Decree of 28 February 1933 (1930-PS). It was this decree which was the basis for "Schutzhaft", that is, "protective custody"-the power of the Gestapo to imprison people without judicial proceedings. This is made clear by a typical order for protective custody: "Order of Protective Custody. Based on Article 1 of the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State of 28 February 1933 (Reichsgesetzblatt I, p. 83), you are taken into protective custody in the interest of public security and order. "Reason: Suspicion of activities inimical toward the State." (2499-PS) Goering, in a book entitled "Aufbau Einer Nation" and published in 1934, sought to give the