dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
cards are only distributed by the factories, part of those people will naturally rush into the factories. Labor could then be either procured for Germany from them or they could be used for the most important work in the factories of the General Government." (2233-Y-PS) On 18 August 1942 Frank informed Sauckel that the General Government had already supplied 800,000 laborers to Germany, and that a further 140,000 would be supplied by the end of the year. Regarding the quota for the next year he promised: "* * * you can, however, next year reckon upon a higher number of workers from the General Government, for we shall employ the Police to conscript them." (2233-W-PS) Six months after Frank promised Sauckel to resort to police action to round up labor for deportation to Germany, the Chairman of the Ukrainian Main Committee reported to Frank that the program was being carried out as follows: "The wild and ruthless man-hunt carried on everywhere in towns and country, in streets, squares, stations, even in churches, at night in houses, has badly shaken the feeling of security of the inhabitants. Everybody is exposed to the danger of being seized anywhere and at any time by members of the police, suddenly and unexpectedly, and being brought into an assembly camp. None of his relatives knows what has happened to him, only weeks or months later, one or the other gives news of his fate by a postcard." (1526-PS) (6) Closing of schools. The program outlined by Frank on 3 October 1939 as the program he intended to administer as Governor General included: "closing of all educational institutions, especially technical schools and colleges in order to prevent the growth of the new Polish intelligentsia." (EC-344-16 & 17) This decision was taken by Frank before it was determined what schools, if any, might be closed because of failure of instructors to refrain from reference to politics, or refusal to submit to inspection by the occupying authorities. Moreover, the policy was determined, as indicated, in furtherance of the purpose of preventing the rise of an educated class in Poland. (7) Other crimes. There were other grounds for uneasiness in Poland which Frank does not mention in his report to
or refusal to submit to inspection by the occupying authorities. Moreover, the policy was determined, as indicated, in furtherance of the purpose of preventing the rise of an educated class in Poland. (7) Other crimes. There were other grounds for uneasiness in Poland which Frank does not mention in his report to Hitler. He does not mention the Concentration Camps-perhaps because, as the "representative jurist" of National Socialism, Frank had himself defended the system in Germany. As Governor General Frank is responsible for all concentration camps within the boundaries of the General Government. As indicated above, he knew and approved that Poles were taken to concentration camps in connection with the resettlement projects. He had certain jurisdiction, as well, in relation to the notorious extermination camp Auschwitz, to which Poles from the General Government were committed by his administration, although the camp itself lay outside the boundaries of the General Government. In February 1944, Ambassador Counsellor Dr. Schumberg suggested a possible amnesty of Poles who had been taken to Auschwitz for trivial offenses and kept for several months. The report of the conference continues: "The Governor General will take under consideration an amnesty probably for 1 May of this year. Nevertheless, one must not lose sight of the fact that the German leadership of the General Government must not now show any signs of weakness." (2233-BB-PS) G. CONCLUSION. As legal adviser of Hitler and the leadership Corps of the NSDAP, Frank promoted the conspirators' rise to power. In his various juridical capacities, both in the NSDAP and in the German government, Frank advocated and promoted the political monopoly of the NSDAP, the racial program of the conspirators, and the terror system of the concentration camp and of arrest without warrant. His role in the common plan was to realize "the National Socialist Program in the realm of law", and to give the outward form of legality to this program of terror, persecution and oppression, which had as its ultimate purpose mobilization for aggressive war. As a loyal adherent of Hitler and the NSDAP, Frank was appointed Governor General in October 1939 of that area of Poland known as
the realm of law", and to give the outward form of legality to this program of terror, persecution and oppression, which had as its ultimate purpose mobilization for aggressive war. As a loyal adherent of Hitler and the NSDAP, Frank was appointed Governor General in October 1939 of that area of Poland known as the General Government, which became the testing ground for the conspirators' program of "Lebensraum." Frank had defined justice in the field of German law as that which benefited the German nation. His five year administration of the General Government illustrates the same principles applied in the field of International Law. Frank took the office of Governor General under a program which constituted in itself a criminal plan or conspiracy, as Frank well knew and approved, to exploit the territory ruthlessly for the benefit of Nazi Germany, to conscript its nationals for labor in Germany, to close its schools and colleges to prevent the rise of a Polish intelligentsia, and to administer the territory as a colonial possession of the Third Reich in total disregard of the duties of an occupying power toward the inhabitants of occupied territory. Under Frank's administration this criminal plan was consummated. But the execution went even beyond the plan. Food contributions to Germany increased to the point where the bare subsistence reserved for the General Government under the plan was reduced to the level of mass starvation; a savage program of exterminating Jews was relentlessly executed; resettlement projects were carried out with reckless disregard of the rights of the local population; the terror of the concentration camp followed in the wake of the Nazi invaders. It has been shown that all of these crimes were committed in accordance with the official policies established and advocated by Frank. This summary of evidence has been compiled almost entirely from statements by Frank himself, from the admissions found in his diaries, official reports, records of his conferences with his colleagues and subordinates, and his speeches. It is therefore appropriate that a final passage from his diary should be quoted in conclusion. In January 1943, Frank told his colleagues in the General Government that their task would grow
found in his diaries, official reports, records of his conferences with his colleagues and subordinates, and his speeches. It is therefore appropriate that a final passage from his diary should be quoted in conclusion. In January 1943, Frank told his colleagues in the General Government that their task would grow more difficult. Hitler, he said, could only help them as a kind of "administrative pillbox". They must depend on themselves. "We are now duty bound to hold together [he continued] * * * We must remember that we who are gathered together here figure on Mr. Roosevelt's list of war criminals. I have the honor of being Number One. We have, so to speak, become accomplices in the world historic sense." (2233-AA-PS) LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO HANS FRANK Document Description Vol. Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6...... I 5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H); Appendix A........ I 29,60 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *437-PS Extract from report, 19 June 1943, by Frank to Hitler, concerning situation in Poland. (USA 610)........ III 396 *864-PS Top Secret Note, 20 October 1939, on conference between Hitler and Chief OKW concerning future relations of Poland to Germany, 17 October 1939. (USA 609)......... III 619 *1391-PS Statute of the Academy for German Law, 2 July 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, pp.605-607......... III 970 *1526-PS Letter from Ukrainian Main Committee to Frank, February 1943. (USA 178)........ IV 79 *2233-A-PS Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen, 1939-1940. Minutes of conferences, December and May 1940. (USA 173)........ IV 883 *2233-B-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part I. January-March. (USA 174)....... IV 885 *2233-C-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part IV. October-December.
(USA 178)........ IV 79 *2233-A-PS Frank Diary. Abteilungsleitersitzungen, 1939-1940. Minutes of conferences, December and May 1940. (USA 173)........ IV 883 *2233-B-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part I. January-March. (USA 174)....... IV 885 *2233-C-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part IV. October-December. (USA 271).... IV 890 *2233-D-PS Frank Diary. Regierungsitzungen. 1941. October-December. Entry of 16 December 1941 at pp.76-77. (USA 281) 891 *2233-E-PS Frank Diary. Regierungs-Hauptabteilungsleiter-Sitzungen. 1942. Entry of 24 August 1942. (USA 283)...... IV 893 *2233-F-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1 January 1944-28 February 1944. Entry of 25 January 1944 at p.5. (USA 295)....... IV 902 *2233-H-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1941. Part II. Entry of 19 April 1941. (USA 311)........... IV 904 *2233-K-PS Frank Diary. Abteilungsleiter-sitzungen. 1939-1940. Entry of 2 December 1939. (USA 173)........ IV 905 *2233-L-PS Frank Diary. Abteilungsleiter-sitzungen. 1939-1940. Entry of 19 January 1940 at pp.11-12...... IV 906 *2233-M-PS Frank Diary. Abteilungsleiter-Sitzungen. 1939-1940. Entry of 8 March 1940 (USA 173)......... IV 906 *2233-N-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part II. April to June. (USA 614)........ IV 907 *2233-O-PS Frank Diary. Abteilungsleiter-sitzungen. 1939-1940. Entry of 19 December 1940 at pp. 12-13. (USA 173)....... IV 909 *2233-P-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1941. Part III. Entry of 9 September 1941 at p.830. (USA 611)........ IV 909 2233-Q-PS Frank Diary. Regierungssitzungen. October-December 1941. Entry of 16 December 1941 At pp.35,66....... IV 909 *2233-R-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part I. Entry of 18 March 1942 at pp.185,186, 195-196. (USA 608)....... IV 910 *2233-S-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of 1 August 1942 at p.798. (USA 607)......... IV 911 *2233-T-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of 4 August 1942 at pp. 830-832. (USA 607)...... IV 911 *2233-V-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of 5 August 1942 at pp. 866,896........ IV 912 *2233-W-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of 18 August 1942 at pp. 918, 920. (USA 607)...... IV 912 *2233-X-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942 Part III. Entry of 28 August 1942 at pp. 968-969, 983. (USA 607)..... IV 913 *2233-Y-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. Entry of 20 November 1942 at pp.
*2233-W-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III. Entry of 18 August 1942 at pp. 918, 920. (USA 607)...... IV 912 *2233-X-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942 Part III. Entry of 28 August 1942 at pp. 968-969, 983. (USA 607)..... IV 913 *2233-Y-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. Entry of 20 November 1942 at pp. 1212-1213....... IV 914 *2233-Z-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. Entry of 14 December 1942 at pp. 1329-1331. (USA 612).... IV 915 *2233-AA-PS Frank Diary. Arbeitssitzungen. 1943. Entry of 25 January 1943 at pp.16,17,19,53. (USA 613).... IV 616 *2233-BB-PS Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1 January 1944-28 February 1944. Entry of 14 January, 15 January, 8 February 1944. (USA 295)... IV 917 2533-PS Extract from article "Legislation and Judiciary in Third Reich", from Journal of the Academy for German Law, 1936, pp.141-142...... V 277 2536-PS Speech by Dr. Frank on "The Jews in Jurisprudence" and Radio Speech, published in Documents of German Politics, Vol. II..... V 277 2537-PS Decree of the fuehrer and Reich Chancellor concerning Administration of Occupied Polish territories, 12 October 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p.2077...... V 279 2540-PS Decree concerning sequestration of private property in the General Government, 24 January 1940, published in Verordnungsblatt fuer das Generalgouverneurs, No. 6. 27 January 1940. p.23........ V 280 *2979-PS Affidavit by Hans Frank, 15 November 1945, concerning positions held. (USA 7)....... V 684 3445-PS Speech by Hans Frank, reported in German Law, 1939, Vol. 2........ VI 153 3814-PS Correspondence between Hans Frank, Lammers and various witnesses to the conduct of Frank, February 1945........ VI 739 3815-PS Report of the SS, 25 April 1942, concerning the activities of Hans Frank in Poland.......... VI 745 *EC-344 16 and 17 Thomas report, 20 August 1940, summarizing experience with German Armament Industry in Poland 1939-40 and extract from report by Captain Dr. Varain on same subject. (USA 297)........ VII 419 Chart No.1 National Socialist German Workers' Party. (2903-PS; USA 2)........ VIII 770 Chapter XVI Part 7 Contents Chapter XVI Part 9
9. WILHELM FRICK A. FRICK'S POLITICAL CAREER. Frick's important contribution to the Nazi conspiracy was in the field of government administration. He was the administrative brain who organized the German state for Nazism and who geared the machinery of the state for aggressive war. It was Frick who transformed the plans and programs of his fellow conspirators into political action. He was the manager of the Nazi conspiracy. He was entrusted with broad discretion, exercised great power, and knew the criminal purpose of the acts he committed. The conspiratorial activities of Frick cover a period of 25 years, beginning as early as 1920 (3086-PS). A brief summary of Frick's activities will show how extensive was his contribution to the Nazi conspiracy. He took part in Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, and was sentenced for his participation. He helped Hitler become a German citizen. To maintain the Nazi regime in the first 2 years of its existence and to achieve some of its most important immediate purposes, Frick signed 235 laws and decrees during that period, most of which are published in the Reichsgesetzblatt. For the first time in German history a uniform police system for the whole German Reich was created. Frick was its creator and its supreme head. He appointed the Gestapo chief, Heinrich Himmler, Chief of the German Police. Frick was the highest controlling authority over concentration camps. He personally inspected these camps. His Ministry of the Interior made the necessary legal arrangements for acquiring land for the Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Through his Medical Division, Frick controlled the Nazi asylums and so-called medical institutions in which forced sterilizations and murders of thousands of Germans and of foreign laborers were carried out. The racial legislation, including the Nurnberg Laws, was drafted by Frick and administered under his jurisdiction. Frick introduced the Yellow Star as a sign of stigmatization of the Jews. In the course of his active participation in the Nazi conspiracy, Frick occupied a number of important positions. Among his Nazi Party positions are the following: member of the Nazi Party from 1925 to 1945; Reich Leader of the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945; floor leader of the Nazi Party in the Reichstag from 1928 to 1945. His governmental positions were:
the Nazi conspiracy, Frick occupied a number of important positions. Among his Nazi Party positions are the following: member of the Nazi Party from 1925 to 1945; Reich Leader of the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945; floor leader of the Nazi Party in the Reichstag from 1928 to 1945. His governmental positions were: chief of a division of the Munich Police Department from 1917 to 10 November 1923, 2 days after Hitler's Putsch; Nazi minister of the Interior and of Education in the German State of Thuringia from January 1930 to April 1931; Reichminister of the Interior from 30 January 1933 to 20 August 1943; member of the Reich Defense Council as General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the Reich from 21 May 1935 to 20 August 1943. on 20 August 1943, Frick was appointed Reich protector of Bohemia and Moravia, and he held this last position until 1945. (2978-PS) B. FRICK'S PARTICIPATION IN PROMOTING THE NAZI CONSPIRATORS' ACCESSION TO POWER. Frick has admitted that he was one of the men who helped Hitler to power (3043-PS). (1) Frick's activities in early days of conspiracy. In the very beginning of the Nazi Party and its conspiracy, Frick misused his various governmental positions in order to hold a "protecting hand over the National-Socialist Party and Hitler." This he stated solemnly in his speech before the Munich People's Court during the Putsch trial (3119-PS; see "The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich" (Der Hitler Prozess vor dem Volksgericht in Muenchen), published by Knorr & Hirth, G.M.B.H., Muenchen, 1924.) When Hitler was arrested during those early revolutionary days, Frick used his position in the Munich Police Department to release him under his own authority (3124-PS). Frick participated in the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch of 8-9 November 1923, and was tried with Hitler on a charge of complicity in treason. He was convicted and received a suspended sentence of one year and three months in a fortress (3132-PS). Hitler's appreciation of Frick's assistance during those years is demonstrated by the fact that Hitler honored Frick by mentioning his name in Mein Kampf, the Nazi bible. Only two other defendants in this proceeding, Hess and Streicher, share that honor. In this reference Hitler said of Frick: "He [Munich Police President Poehner] and his coworker Dr. Frick
assistance during those years is demonstrated by the fact that Hitler honored Frick by mentioning his name in Mein Kampf, the Nazi bible. Only two other defendants in this proceeding, Hess and Streicher, share that honor. In this reference Hitler said of Frick: "He [Munich Police President Poehner] and his coworker Dr. Frick are in my estimation the only men in government positions, who have the right to collaborate in the establishment of a Bavarian Nation." (3125-PS) (2) Frick's activities as member of Reichstag. Having been elected to the Reichstag on 4 May 1924, Frick stated that it was his task not to "support, but to undermine the parliamentary system" (2742-PS). In the Reichstag Frick immediately proposed those discriminatory measures against the Jews which were enacted after he and the other Nazi conspirators had come into power in 1933. On 25 August 1924 Frick demanded in the Reichstag that all Jews be removed from public office (3128-ps). Two days later he returned with a motion calling for "special legislation for all members of the Jewish race" (3119-ps). In 1930, a significant investigative report was prepared by the Prussian Ministry of the Interior (2513-PS). This official report analyzed the criminal activities of Hitler, Frick, and other Nazis. It stated that Frick had to be regarded as the most influential leader of the NSDAP next to Hitler. This document reported that at the 1927 Party Congress in Nurnberg, Frick said that the Nazi Party would first infiltrate into parliament and misuse its privileges, then abolish it and thus open the way for racial dictatorship. The document also reported that Frick stated in a speech in 1929 at Pyritz that this fateful struggle would first be taken up with the ballot, but that this could not continue indefinitely, for history had taught that in a battle "blood must be shed and iron broken." As early as 1929, according to this same report, Frick announced that a Special Peoples' Court would be created, in which the enemies of the Nazi Party would be called to account for their political acts (2513-PS). (3) Frick's activities as Minister of Interior and Education in Thuringia. Frick's prominent role in helping to bring the Nazis to power was recognized when on 23 January 1930 he was appointed
would be created, in which the enemies of the Nazi Party would be called to account for their political acts (2513-PS). (3) Frick's activities as Minister of Interior and Education in Thuringia. Frick's prominent role in helping to bring the Nazis to power was recognized when on 23 January 1930 he was appointed Minister of the Interior and Education in the German State of Thuringia, the first ministerial appointment controlled by the National Socialists (3119-PS). It was in this capacity that Frick began his manipulation to provide Adolf Hitler with German citizenship, an essential step toward the realization of the Nazi conspiracy. It must be remembered that Hitler at that time was not a German citizen and was regarded by the Prussian police administration as an undesirable alien. This lack of German citizenship was most damaging to the cause of the Nazi Party because, as an alien, Hitler could not become a candidate for the Reich Presidency in Germany. In the beginning, Frick was unsuccessful when he tried to grant Hitler German citizenship by appointing Hitler as police officer in Thuringia, thus conferring German citizenship automatically. later he succeeded with a similar maneuver. This was expressly confirmed by Otto Meissner, former State Secretary and Chief of Hitler's Presidential Chancellery, in an affidavit which reads in part as follows: "Frick also, in collaboration with Klagges, Minister of Brunswick, succeeded in naturalizing Hitler as a German citizen in 1932 by having him appointed a Brunswick government official (Counsellor of Government). This was done in order to make it possible for Hitler to run as a candidate for the office of President of the Reich." (3564-PS) During his tenure as State Minister in Thuringia, Frick again misused his official authority in order to advance the Nazi conspiracy through measures designed to establish Nazi control over the police, and over the administration and curriculum of universities and schools. Three of his measures are specially noteworthy: (a) Appointment of the Nazi race theoretician, Dr. Guenther, as Professor at the University of Jena, against the wishes of the faculty. (b) Compulsory introduction in the schools of Nazi prayers whose nationalistic, militaristic, and blasphemous