dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
the presence of the Reich Foreign Minister, Ribbentrop. The subject matter was the Pearl Harbor attack. The top secret notes of this conference read in part: "First the Fuehrer presents Ambassador Oshima with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the German Eagle in gold. With cordial words he acknowledges his services in the achievement of German-Japanese cooperation, which has now obtained its culmination in a close brotherhood of arms. "General Oshima expresses his thanks for the great honor and emphasizes how glad he is that this brotherhood of arms has now come about between Germany and Japan. "The Fuehrer continues: "You gave the right declaration of war!" This method is the only proper one. Japan pursued it formerly and it corresponds with his own system, that is, to negotiate as long as possible. But if one sees that the other is interested only in putting one off, in shaming and humiliating one, and is not willing to come to an agreement, then one should strike-as hard as possible, indeed-and not waste time declaring war. It was heartwarming to him to hear of the first operations of the Japanese. He himself negotiated with infinite patience at times, for example, with Poland and also with Russia. When he then realized, that the other did not want to come to an agreement, he struck suddenly and without formalities. He would continue to go this way in the future." (2932-PS) LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO COLLABORATION WITH ITALY AND JAPAN AND AGGRESSIVE WAR AGAINST THE UNITED STATES: NOVEMBER 1936 TO DECEMBER 1941 Document Description Vol. Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6 (a).....I 5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Sections. IV (F) 7; V....I 28,29 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnburg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court.
the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *376-PS Top secret memorandum signed by Major Falkenstein, 29 October 1940, concerning current military questions, including question of occupation of Atlantic Islands referring to the United States. (USA 161).......III 288 *1538-PS Report from German Military Attaché in Tokyo to Office Foreign Intelligence, 24 May 1941. (USA 154)....IV 100 *1834-PS Report on conference between Ribbentrop and Oshima, 23 February 1941. (USA 129)....IV 469 *1866-PS Record of conversation between Reich Foreign Minister and the Duce, 13 May 1941. (GB 273)....499 *1877-PS Report on conversation between Ribbentrop and Matsuoka in Berlin, 29 March 1941. (USA 152)....IV 520 *1881-PS Notes on conference between Hitler and Matsuoka in presence of Ribbentrop, in Berlin, 4 April 1941. (USA 33)....IV 522 *1882-PS Notes on conference between Ribbentrop and Matsuoka in Berlin, 5 April 1941. (USA 153)....IV 526 *2195-PS File memorandum on conversation with Oshima, 31 January 1939, signed Himmler. (USA 150)....IV 852 2506-PS Protocol of Adherence by Italy to Anti-Comintern Pact, 6 November 1937, published in Documents of German Politics, 1940, 4th edition....V 239 *2507-PS Note from Ribbentrop to U. S. Charge d'Affaires in Berlin, 11 December 1941, containing German Declaration of War on United States, published in Documents of German Politics, Vol. IX, Part 1, No. 74, pp. 497-9. (USA 164)...V 241 *2508-PS German-Japanese Agreement against the Communist International, 25 November 1936, signed by Ribbentrop. Documents of German Politics, Vol. 4. (GB 147)...V 242 *2643-PS Announcement concerning Three-Power Pact between Germany, Italy and Japan, 27 September 1940, signed by Ribbentrop for Germany. 1940 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part II, No. 41, p. 279. (USA 149)....V 355 *2896-PS Telegram from Ribbentrop to German Ambassador in Tokyo, Ott, 10 July 1941. (USA 155)....V 564 *2897-PS Telegram from German Ambassador in Tokyo, Ott, to Ribbentrop, 13 July 1941. (USA 156).....V 566 *2898-PS Telegram from German Ambassador to
Part II, No. 41, p. 279. (USA 149)....V 355 *2896-PS Telegram from Ribbentrop to German Ambassador in Tokyo, Ott, 10 July 1941. (USA 155)....V 564 *2897-PS Telegram from German Ambassador in Tokyo, Ott, to Ribbentrop, 13 July 1941. (USA 156).....V 566 *2898-PS Telegram from German Ambassador to Tokyo, Ott, to Ribbentrop, 30 November 1941. (USA 163)....V 566 *2911-PS Notes on conversation between Ribbentrop and Oshima, 9 July 1942. (USA 157)...V 580 *2929-PS Notes on conversation between Ribbentrop and Oshima, 18 April 1943. (USA 159)....V 603 *2932-PS Notes on conference between Hitler and Oshima, 14 December 1941. (USA 165)...V 603 2944-PS Statement by U. S. Secretary of State, 27 September 1940, published in Peace and War, U. S. Foreign Policy, 1931-1941...V 624 2945-PS Joint resolution by the U. S. Senate and house of Representatives declaring state of war with Germany, 11 December 1941, published in Peace and War, U. S. Foreign Policy, 1931-1941....V 625 *2954-PS Minutes of conversation between Ribbentrop and Oshima, 6 March 1943. (USA 158; GB 150)...V 658 *2987-PS Entries in diary of Count Ciano. (USA 166).... 689 *3054-PS "The Nazi Plan", script of a motion picture composed of captured German film. (USA 167)...V 801 3598-PS Intercepted Japanese Diplomatic message, Tokyo to Berlin, 30 November 1941....VI 308 3599-PS Intercepted Japanese Diplomatic message, Rome to Tokyo, 3 December 1941....VI 310 3600-PS Intercepted Japanese Diplomatic message, Tokyo to Berlin, 6 December 1941....VI 312 3733-PS Minutes of interview held on 19 August 1941, between Vice-Minister Aman and Ambassador Ott....VI 545 *3780-PS Record of Fuehrer's conference with Oshima, 27 May 1944, concerning Japanese treatment of American terror pilots. (GB 293)...VI 655 *3817-PS File of correspondence and reports by Dr. Haushofer on Asiatic situation. (USA 790)...VI 752 *C-74 Top Secret Order concerning personnel and materiel program, signed by Hitler, 14 July 1941. (USA 162)...VI 905 *C-75 OKW Order No. 24 initialed Jodl, signed Keitel, 5 March 1941, concerning collaboration with Japan. (USA 151)...VI 906 C-147 Extracts from Directive No. 18, signed by Hitler, 12 November 1940....VI 957 *C-152 Extract from Naval War Staff files, 18 March 1941, concerning audience of C-in-C of Navy with Hitler
162)...VI 905 *C-75 OKW Order No. 24 initialed Jodl, signed Keitel, 5 March 1941, concerning collaboration with Japan. (USA 151)...VI 906 C-147 Extracts from Directive No. 18, signed by Hitler, 12 November 1940....VI 957 *C-152 Extract from Naval War Staff files, 18 March 1941, concerning audience of C-in-C of Navy with Hitler on 18 March 1941. (GB 122)....VI 966 *D-656 Extract of 29 November 1941 from Intercepted Diplomatic Messages sent by Japanese Government between 1 July and 8 December 1941. (GB 148)...VII 160 *D-657 Extract of 8 December 1941 from Intercepted Diplomatic Messages sent by Japanese Government between 1 July and 8 December 1941. (GB 149)...VII 163 *R-140 Secret letter from Goering's adjutant, Major Conrath, 11 July 1938, enclosing transcript of Goering's speech of 8 July to representatives of aircraft industry. (USA 160)...VIII 221 Chapter VIII Contents Chapter X
It had long been a German theory that the First World War ended in Germany's defeat because of a collapse behind the lines. In planning for future wars it was determined that the home front must be secured to prevent a repetition of this 1918 debacle. Unification of the German people was essential to successful planning and waging of war. Hence, the Nazi political goal must be sought:-"One race, one State, one Fuehrer." Free trade unions must be abolished, political parties (other than the NSDAP) must be outlawed, civil liberties must be suspended, and opposition of every kind must be swept away. Loyalty to God, church, and scientific truth was declared to be incompatible with the Nazi regime! The anti-Jewish policy was part of this plan for unification because it was the conviction of the Nazis that the Jews would not contribute to Germany's military program, but on the contrary would hamper it. The Jew must therefore be eliminated. This view is clearly borne out by a statement contained in a speech of Himmler's at a meeting of SS Major Generals on 4 October 1943: "We know how difficult we should have made it for ourselves if with the bombing raids, the burdens and deprivations of war, we still had the Jews today in every town as secret saboteurs, agitators, and trouble mongers; we would now probably have reached the 1916-17 stage when the Jews were still in the German national body."(1919-PS) The treatment of the Jews within Germany was as much a part of the Nazi plan for aggressive war as was the building of armaments and the conscription of manpower. 1.HATE-PROPAGANDA AGAINST JEWS The objective of the elimination and extermination of the Jews, could not be accomplished without certain preliminary measures. one of these was the indoctrination of the German people with hatred against the Jews. The first evidence of the Party policies in this direction was expressed in the Party program of February 1920 (1708-PS). Paragraphs (4) and (6) of that program declared: "* * * Only a member of the race can be a citizen. A member of the race can only be one who is of German blood without consideration of confession." "* * * The right to determine matters concerning administration and law belongs only to the citizen; therefore, we demand that every public office
* Only a member of the race can be a citizen. A member of the race can only be one who is of German blood without consideration of confession." "* * * The right to determine matters concerning administration and law belongs only to the citizen; therefore, we demand that every public office of any sort whatsoever, whether in the Reich the country or municipality, be filled only by citizens." (1708-PS) Hitler, at page 724 and 725 of Mein Kampf, spoke of the Jew. If the National Socialist movement was to fulfill its task, he declared: "It must open the eyes of the people with regard to foreign nations and must remind them again and again of the true enemy of our present day world. In the place of hate against Aryans-from whom we may be separated by almost everything, to whom, however, we are tied by common blood or the great tide of a common culture-it must dedicate to the general anger the evil enemy of mankind as the true cause of all suffering. "it must see to it, however, that at least in our country he be recognized as the most mortal enemy and that the struggle against him may show, like a flaming beacon of a better era, to other nations, too, the road to salvation for a struggling Aryan mankind."(2662-PS) A flood of abusive literature of all types and for all age groups was published and circulated throughout Germany. Illustrative of this type of publication is the book Der Giftpilz. (1778-PS). This book brands the Jew as a persecutor of the labor class, a race defiler, a devil in human form, a poisonous mushroom, and a murderer. This particular book was used to instruct school children to recognize the Jew by caricatures of his physical features, (pages 6 and 7); and to teach them that the Jew abuses little boys and girls, (page 30), and that the Jewish Bible permits all crimes (pages 13-17). Streicher's periodical, Der Stuermer, (issue no. 14 for April 1937) in particular, went to such extremes as to publish the statement that Jews at the ritual celebration of their Passover slaughtered Christians: "The numerous confessions made by the Jews show that the execution of ritual murders is a law to the Talmud Jew. the former chief rabbi, and later monk, Teofite, declared that the ritual murders take place especially on the
publish the statement that Jews at the ritual celebration of their Passover slaughtered Christians: "The numerous confessions made by the Jews show that the execution of ritual murders is a law to the Talmud Jew. the former chief rabbi, and later monk, Teofite, declared that the ritual murders take place especially on the Jewish Purim in memory of the Persian murders, and Passover in memory of the murder of Christ. The instructions are as follows. "The blood of the victims is to be tapped by force. On Passover it is to be used in wine and matzos. Thus, a small part of the blood is to be poured into the dough of the matzos and into the wine. The mixing is done by the Jewish head of the family. The procedure is as follows: "The family head empties a few drops of the fresh and powdered blood into the glass, wets the fingers of the left hand with it and sprays, blesses, with it everything on the table. The head of the family then says, Thus we ask God to send the ten plagues to all enemies of the Jewish faith." Then they eat, and at the end the head of the family exclaims, 'May all Gentiles perish, as the child whose blood is contained in the bread and wine.' "The fresh, or dried and powdered blood of the slaughtered is further used by young married Jewish couples, by pregnant Jewesses, for circumcision and so on. Ritual murder is recognized by all Talmud Jews. The Jew believes he absolves himself thus of his sins." (2699-PS) The Jew-baiting publication, Der Stuermer, was published by Streicher's publishing firm (2697-PS). In one issue of this periodical, Streicher, speaking of the Jewish faith, said: "The Holy Scripture is a horrible criminal romance abounding with murder, incest, fraud and indecency." "The Talmud is the great Jewish book of crimes that the Jew practices in his daily life." (2698-PS) This propaganda campaign of hate, of which the above quotations are but random samples, was too widespread and notorious to require further elaboration. 2. DISCRIMINATORY DECREES AGAINST JEWS When the Nazi Party gained control of the German State, the conspirators used the means of official decrees as a weapon against the Jews. In this way the force of the state was applied against them. Jewish immigrants were denaturalized (1933
and notorious to require further elaboration. 2. DISCRIMINATORY DECREES AGAINST JEWS When the Nazi Party gained control of the German State, the conspirators used the means of official decrees as a weapon against the Jews. In this way the force of the state was applied against them. Jewish immigrants were denaturalized (1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 480, signed by Frick and Neurath). Native Jews were precluded from citizenship (1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 1146, signed by Frick). Jews were forbidden to live in marriage or to have extramarital relations with persons of German blood (1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 1146, signed by Frick and Hess). Jews were denied the right to vote (1936 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 133, signed by Frick). Jews were denied the right to hold public office or civil service positions (1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 277, signed by Frick). Jews were relegated to an inferior status by the denial of common privileges and freedoms. Thus, they were denied access to certain city areas, sidewalks, transportation, places of amusement, restaurants (1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 47, signed by Hess). The practice of law was denied to them (1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 1403, signed by Frick and Hess). The practice of medicine was forbidden them (1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 969, signed by Frick and Hess). They were denied employment by press and radio (1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 661). They were excluded from stock exchanges and stock brokerage (1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 661). They were excluded from farming (1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 685). In 1938 they were excluded from business in general and from the economic life of Germany (1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 1580, signed by Goering). The Jews were also forced to pay discriminatory taxes and huge atonement fines. Their homes, bank accounts, real estate, and intangibles were expropriated. A report of a conference under the chairmanship of Goering, and attended by Funk, among others, which was held at 11 o'clock on 12 November 1938 at the Reich Ministry for Air, quotes Goering as saying: "One more question, gentlemen, what would you think the situation would be if I'd announced today that Jewry shall have to contribute this one billion as a punishment." "I shall choose the
Funk, among others, which was held at 11 o'clock on 12 November 1938 at the Reich Ministry for Air, quotes Goering as saying: "One more question, gentlemen, what would you think the situation would be if I'd announced today that Jewry shall have to contribute this one billion as a punishment." "I shall choose the wording this way that German Jewry shall, as punishment for their abominable crimes, etc,. etc., have to make a contribution of one billion; that'll work. The pigs won't commit another murder, I'd like to say again that I would not like to be a Jew in Germany." (1816-PS) Following these whimsical remarks a decree was issued over the signature of Goering, fining German Jews the sum of one billion Reichsmarks. (1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 1579, dated 12 November 1938, signed by Goering). Similar decrees are contained in 1939 reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 282, signed by Goering; and in 1941 reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, page 722, signed by Frick and Formann. Finally, in 1943, the Jews were placed beyond the protection of any judicial process by a decree signed by Bormann and Frick, among others; the police were made the sole arbiters of punishment and death (1943 reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, Page 372, signed by Frick and Bormann) 3.ANTI-JEWISH BOYCOTTS, RAIDS, AND VIOLENCE Simultaneously with the passage of these decrees and their execution, still another weapon was wielded by the Party and the party-controlled state. This was the openly sponsored and official anti-Jewish boycotts. The published diary of Joseph Goebbels, at page 290, contains this entry for 29 March 1933: "The Boycott appeal is approved by the entire cabinet." ( 2409-PS) Again, on 31 March 1933, he wrote: "We are having a last discussion among very small circle and decide that the boycott is to start tomorrow with all severity." (2409-PS) Streicher and Frank, together with Himmler, Ley, and others, were members of a central committee who conducted the 1933 boycott against the Jews. Their names are listed in National Socialist Party correspondence for 29 March 1933. (2156-PS) In this early 1933 violence against the Jews, raids were conducted on synagogues by uniformed Nazis. Attending members of the synagogues were assaulted, and religious insignia and emblems were desecrated. A report of such an occurrence was contained
National Socialist Party correspondence for 29 March 1933. (2156-PS) In this early 1933 violence against the Jews, raids were conducted on synagogues by uniformed Nazis. Attending members of the synagogues were assaulted, and religious insignia and emblems were desecrated. A report of such an occurrence was contained in an official dispatch from the American Consul General in Leipzig, dated 5 April, 1943, which stated: "In Dresden several weeks ago uniformed Nazis raided the Jewish prayer house, interrupted the evening religious service, arrested 25 worshippers, and tore the holy insignia or emblems from their headcovering worn while praying."( 2709-PS) At a meeting in Nurberg, before the representatives of the German press, Streicher and mayor Liebel of Nurnberg revealed in advance to the gathered members of the press that the Nurnberg synagogue was to be destroyed. The minutes of this meeting, dated 4 August 1938, read as follows: "The breaking up of the synagogue (information must still be secret) "On August 10, 1938 at 10 o'clock a.m., the breakup of the synagogues will commence. Gauleiter Julius Streicher will personally set the crane into motion with which the Jewish symbols, Star of David, etc., will be torn down. This should be arranged in a big way. Closer details are still unknown." (1724-PS) Streicher himself supervised the demolition, according to a newspaper account of 11 August 1938, which described the scene: "In Nurnberg the Synagogue is being demolished; Julius Streicher himself inaugurates the work by a speech lasting more than an hour and a half. By his order then-so to speak as a prelude of the demolition-the tremendous Star of David came off the cupola."(2711-PS) These accounts of violence of were not localized anti-Semitic demonstrations, but were directed and ordered from a centralized headquarters in Berlin. This fact is established by a series of teletype messages sent by the Berlin Secret State Police Headquarters to police chiefs throughout Germany on 10 November 1938, which contained instructions pertaining to the prearranged demonstration. (3051-PS. One of these confidential orders, signed by Heydrich, provides: "Because of the attempt on the life of the Secretary of the Legation von Rath in Paris
Headquarters to police chiefs throughout Germany on 10 November 1938, which contained instructions pertaining to the prearranged demonstration. (3051-PS. One of these confidential orders, signed by Heydrich, provides: "Because of the attempt on the life of the Secretary of the Legation von Rath in Paris tonight, 9-10 November 1938, demonstrations against Jews are to be expected throughout the Reich. The following instructions are given on how to treat these events: "1. The Chiefs of the State Police, or their deputies, must get in telephonic contact with the political leaders who have jurisdiction over their districts and have to arrange a joint meeting with the appropriate inspector or commander of the order Police to discuss the organization of the demonstrations. At these discussions the political leaders have to be informed that the German police has received from the Reichsfuehrer SS and Chief of the German Police the following instructions, in accordance with which the political leaders should adjust their own measures. "a. Only such measures should be taken which do not involve danger to German life or property. (For instance synagogues are to be burned down only when there is no danger of fire to the surroundings.) "b. Business and private apartments of Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police is instructed to supervise the execution of this order and to arrest looters." (3051-PS) 4.THE PROGRAM FOR THE COMPLETE ELIMINATION OF JEWRY At this point the gradual and mounting campaign against the Jews was prepared for the achievement of its ultimate violent ends. The German people had been indoctrinated, and the seeds of hatred had been sown. The German state was armed and prepared for conquest. The force of world opinion could now safely be ignored. Already the Nazi conspirators had forced out of Germany 200,000 of its former 500,000 Jews. The Nazi-controlled German state was therefore emboldened, and Hitler in anticipation of the aggressive wars already planned cast about for a provocation. In his speech before the Reichstag on 30 January 1939, Hitler declared: "if the international Jewish financiers within and without Europe succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, the result will not be the Bolshevization of the world and