dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
of Government of Reich, from "Fight of the Navy against Versailles 1919-1935". (USA 41) ......................... VI 970 *C-161 Memo by Raeder, 10 January 1943, entitled: Importance of German Surface forces for conducting of war by powers signatory to Three Power Pact. (GB 230) ......................... VI 976
*C-166			Order from Command Office of Navy, 12 March 1934, signed in draft by Groos, concerning preparation of auxiliary cruisers. (USA 48) ......................... 	VI		977
*C-170			File of Russo-German relations found in OKM files covering period 25 August 1939 to 22 June 1941. (USA 136) .........................	VI		977
*C-176			Extracts from War Diary of Admiral Bachmann, concerning shooting of commandos in Bordeaux. (GB 228) ......................... 	VI		1011
*C-179			Hitler's second decree, 18 October 1942, regarding annihilation of terror and sabotage units. (USA 543) ......................... 	VI		1014
*C-189			Conversation with the Fuehrer in June 1934 on occasion of resignation of Commanding Officer of "Karlsruhe". (USA 44) ......................... 	VI		1017
*C-190			Memorandum of conversation with Hitler on financing Naval rearmament and assembling six submarines, 2 November 1934. (USA 45) ......................... 	VI		1018
*C-191			Demands by defendant Doenitz on sinking of merchant ships, 22 September 1939. (GB 193) ......................... 	VI		1018
*D-448			Announcement of birthday celebration of Doenitz in Voelkischer Beobachter, 25 April 1942. (GB 216) ......................... 	VII		58
*D-481			Law regarding the swearing in of officials and soldiers of Armed Forces, 20 August 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 785. (GB 215) ......................... 	VII		66
*D-638			Affidavit of Doenitz concerning sinking of Athenia, 17 November 1945. (GB 220) ......................... 	VII		114
*D-653			Raeder speech, 12 March 1939, published in The Archive, March 1939, pp. 1841-1846. (GB 232) ......................... 	VII		153
p. 785. (GB 215) ......................... VII 66 *D-638 Affidavit of Doenitz concerning sinking of Athenia, 17 November 1945. (GB 220) ......................... VII 114 *D-653 Raeder speech, 12 March 1939, published in The Archive, March 1939, pp. 1841-1846. (GB 232) ......................... VII 153
*D-654			Affidavit of Adolf Schmidt, 9 August 1945. (GB 219) ......................... 	VII		156
*D-655			Raeder interview with Hitler on 6 January 1943. (GB 231) ......................... 	VII		158
*D-658			Extract from SKL War Diary, 9 December 1942. (GB 229) ......................... 	VII		164
*D-659			Extract from War Diary of Chief of U-boats, 27 September 1939. (GB 221) ......................... 	VII		164
*D-662			War Diary of Commanding Officer of U-boat U-30. (GB 222) ......................... 	VII		169
*D-663			Operation Order "Atlantic" No. 56 for U-boats in Atlantic, 7 October 1943. (GB 200) ......................... 	VII		170
*EC-177			Minutes of second session of Working Committee of the Reich Defense held on 26 April 1933. (USA 390) ......................... 	VII		328
*L-79			Minutes of conference, 23 May 1939, "Indoctrination on the political situation and future aims". (USA 27) ......................... 	VII		847
*UK-57			Keitel directives, 4 January 1944 and 21 April 1944, concerning counteraction to Kharkov show trial. (GB 164) ......................... 	VIII		539
*UK-65			Report by Raeder to Hitler, 16 October 1939, and memorandum regarding intensified naval war against England, 15 October 1939. (GB 224) ......................... 	VIII		545
Statement I		The Laconia Case and German Submarine Warfare, by Karl Doenitz, Nurnberg, 7 and 19 October 1945 ......................... 	VIII		657
Statement VII		The Development of German Naval Policy - 1933-1939, by Erich Raeder, Moscow, fall 1945 ......................... 	VIII		684
Statement VIII		The Breakthrough in the Channel Early in 1942, by Erich Raeder, Moscow, 30 August 1945 ......................... 	VIII		701
1945 ......................... VIII 657 Statement VII The Development of German Naval Policy - 1933-1939, by Erich Raeder, Moscow, fall 1945 ......................... VIII 684 Statement VIII The Breakthrough in the Channel Early in 1942, by Erich Raeder, Moscow, 30 August 1945 ......................... VIII 701
Statement IX		My Relationship to Adolf Hitler and to the Party, by Erich Raeder, Moscow, fall 1945 ......................... 	VIII		707
Chapter XVI Part 14
Contents
Chapter XVI Part 16
16. BALDUR VON SCHIRACH
A. SCHIRACH'S NSDAP MEMBERSHIP, NSDAP POSITINS, AND GOVERNMENT POSITIONS.
In an affidavit (3302-ps), Schirach has declared that he held the following positions:
Positions in the Nazi Party
(1)  NSDAP member, 1925 to 1945.
(2)  Leader of the National Socialist Students League, 1929-1931.
(3)  Leader of the Hitler Youth organization, 1931-1940.
(4)  Reich Youth Leader (Reichsjugendfuehrer) on the Staff of the SA Supreme Command under Ernst Roehm, 1931-1932.
(5)  Reich Youth Leader (Reichsjugendfuehrer) of the NSDAP, 1931-1940; in 1932 Schirach became an independent Reich Leader (Reichsleiter), and no longer remained on the Staff of the SA Supreme Command.
(6)  Gruppenfuehrer (Lt. General) of the SA, 1931-1941.
(7)  Reich Leader (Reichsleiter) for Youth Education in the NSDAP, 1932-1945.
(8)  Gau Leader (Gauleiter) of the Reichsgau Vienna, 1940-1945.
(9)  Obergruppenfuehrer (General) of the SA, 1941-1945.
Governmental Positions
(1)  Reich Youth Leader, 1933-1940.
(2)  Reich Governor (Reichsstatthalter) of the Reichsgau Vienna, 1940-1945.
(3)  Reich Defense Commission of Vienna, 1940-1945.
(4)  Deputy to the Fuehrer for the Inspection of the Hitler Youth (Beauftragter der Fuehrer fuer die Inspektion der Gesamten Hitler Jugend), 1940-1945.
Schirach was also a member of the Reichstag from 1932 to 1945 (2973-PS).
B. SCHIRACH WAS AN INTIMATE AND SLAVISH FOLLOWER OF HITLER SINCE 1925.
As early as 1925 Baldur von Schirach, then 18 years old, joined the Nazi conspirators. Upon special request of Hitler, he went to Munich in order to study Party affairs. After having joined the NSDAP in 1925, he became active in converting students to National Socialism (3302-PS). This was the start of Schirach's conspiratorial activities, which he continued for two decades in the spirit of unbending loyalty to Hitler and to the principles of National Socialism. Schirach shows his slavish loyalty to Hitler in his principal book, "The Hitler Youth," published in 1934:
National Socialism (3302-PS). This was the start of Schirach's conspiratorial activities, which he continued for two decades in the spirit of unbending loyalty to Hitler and to the principles of National Socialism. Schirach shows his slavish loyalty to Hitler in his principal book, "The Hitler Youth," published in 1934:
"We were not yet able to account for our conception in detail, we simply believed. And when Hitler's book, Mein Kampf, was published it was our bible which we almost learned by heart in order to answer the questions of the doubters and superior critics. Almost everyone today who is leading youth in a responsible position joined us in those years."
"In my apartment on Koenigin Strasse, I was lucky enough to be able to express my apprehensions about Strasser to the Fuehrer, otherwise I never discussed these things with anybody with the exception of Julius Streicher." (1458-PS).
C. SCHIRACH WAS THE LEADING NAZI CONSPIRATOR IN DESTROYING INDEPENDENT YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS AND IN BUILDING THE NAZI YOUTH MOVEMENT.
(Reference is made at this point to section 8 of Chapter VII on "Reshaping of Education and Training of Youth". See also 3054-PS.)
It was Schirach's task to perpetuate the Nazi regime through generations by poisoning the mind of youth, and thereby the mind of the German people, and to prepare the German nation for aggressive wars.
The basic law concerning the Hitler Youth, which under Schirach's tutelage became an instrument of the Nazi State, declares:
"The future of the German Nation depends on its youth, and the German youth shall have to be prepared for its future duties.   *   *   *
"All German youth in the Reich is organized within the Hitler Youth.
"The German youth besides being reared within the family and school, shall be educated physically, intellectually, and morally in the spirit of National Socialism to serve the people and the community, through the Hitler Youth.
prepared for its future duties. * * * "All German youth in the Reich is organized within the Hitler Youth. "The German youth besides being reared within the family and school, shall be educated physically, intellectually, and morally in the spirit of National Socialism to serve the people and the community, through the Hitler Youth.
"The task of educating the German Youth through the Hitler Youth is being entrusted to the Reich Leader of German Youth in the NSDAP.   *   *   *" (1392-PS).
For the five years preceding the promulgation of this law Schirach had been leader of the Hitler Youth and Reich Youth Leader of the NSDAP. He continued in these positions until the Nazis launched their aggressive wars. As late as 4 December 1945, Schirach declared his own feeling of responsibility for Nazi policies concerning youth:
"I feel myself responsible for the policy of the youth movement in the Party and later within the Reich." (3302-PS).
(1) Schirach actively promoted the NSDAP and its affiliated youth organizations before the Nazis seized power. In 1929 Hitler appointed Schirach leader of the National Socialist German Students League and in 1931 leader of the Hitler Jugend. After 1931, Schirach devoted his full time to Party work (3302-PS). Before 1933, Schirach moved throughout Germany, leading demonstrations and summoning German youth to the Hitler Youth. When this organization and the wearing of its uniform were forbidden by law, Schirach continued by illegal means. Of this period he writes:
"Whoever came to us during this illegal time, boy or girl, risked everything.   *   *   *   With pistols in our belts we drove through the Ruhr district while stones came flying after us." (1458-PS)
Schirach admits that Rosenberg and he were not successful before 1933 in efforts to reach "an understanding" with other youth organizations. Schirach states that he thereupon arrived at a conclusion which later was to spell the doom of independent youth groups:
the Ruhr district while stones came flying after us." (1458-PS) Schirach admits that Rosenberg and he were not successful before 1933 in efforts to reach "an understanding" with other youth organizations. Schirach states that he thereupon arrived at a conclusion which later was to spell the doom of independent youth groups:
"I realized at that time that an understanding with the leaders of the League would never be possible and devoted myself to the principle of the totality [Totalitaet] of the Hitler Youth which in the year 1933 cost all those leagues their independent existence." (1458-PS).
(2) Schirach, on behalf of the Nazi conspirators, destroyed all independent youth organizations or caused them to be absorbed within the Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend). After the Nazi conspirators seized political control of Germany, Schirach was aggressive in bringing the entire German youth within the Nazi orbit of control and domination. Referring to the period immediately following 30 January 1933, Schirach declared:
"Now the problem was to apply the victory of the movement to the entire youth. Our cabinet ministers were overburdened with their new tasks and were working day and night. We could not wait until they could find time to solve the youth question by their own initiative. Therefore, we had to act ourselves. My co-workers met in my Munich apartment and advised me to occupy the Reichs Committee [Reichsausschuss] of the German Youth Leagues [Jugendverbaende]. I commissioned General [Obergebietsfuehrer] Nabersberg with 50 members of the Berlin HJ to make a surprise raid on the Reich Committee in the Alsenstrasse early the next morning. This was done and at noon the press had the report that the HJ [Hitler Youth] had taken over the leadership of the Reich Committee." (1458-PS).
By a second surprise raid, Schirach took over the Youth Hostels. Of this Schirach writes in the same book:
Committee in the Alsenstrasse early the next morning. This was done and at noon the press had the report that the HJ [Hitler Youth] had taken over the leadership of the Reich Committee." (1458-PS). By a second surprise raid, Schirach took over the Youth Hostels. Of this Schirach writes in the same book:
"In the meantime I gained control over the Reich League for German Youth Hostels [Reichsverband fuer deutsche Jugendherbergen] in a similar manner to the one employed with the Reich Committee." (1458-PS)
By using the Records of the seized Reich Committee, Schirach states that he obtained knowledge of the strength and influential personalities of all the German youth groups.
"From this point I recognized the necessity of coming to grips with the Greater German Union [Grossdeutscher Bund]." (1458-PS)
In June 1933, Schirach was appointed Youth Leader of the German Reich (Jugendfuehrer des Deutschen Reiches) in a solemn ceremony before Hitler. Concerning the period immediately following, Schirach writes in the same book:
"The first thing I did was to dissolve the Greater German Union [Grossdeutscher Bund]. Since I headed all German youth organizations and I had the right to decide on their leadership, I did not hesitate for a moment to take this step, which was for the Hitler Youth the elimination of an unbearable state of affairs." (1458-PS)
The dissolution of this and other youth organizations was accomplished by orders issued by Schirach as Youth Leader of the German Reich. (2229-PS)
In this position Schirach also appointed deputies to the various German states (Landesbeauftragte) "to carry out my instructions, and I appointed district leaders [Gebietsfuehrer] to these positions in all of the states in execution of my right" (1458-PS). In this book Schirach also admits directing the further assimilation or destruction of other youth organizations:
German states (Landesbeauftragte) "to carry out my instructions, and I appointed district leaders [Gebietsfuehrer] to these positions in all of the states in execution of my right" (1458-PS). In this book Schirach also admits directing the further assimilation or destruction of other youth organizations:
"The Marxist youth as well as all political youth organizations I prohibited after the occupation of the Reich Committee. The one million members of the HJ which we had on 30 January 1933 had grown to a round 3,000,000. Only the two large professional groups, the Protestant and Catholic youth, were opposed to us." (1458-PS)
Schirach proceeded to hold discussions with the Hitler-appointed Reich Bishop Ludwig Mueller,
"And in December 1933, the Reich Bishop and myself were able to inform the Fuehrer that incorporation of the Protestant youth into the HJ had become a reality." (1458-PS)
When this book was written, Schirach had not yet accomplished the complete coordination of Catholic youth into the Hitler Youth, though he argued that:
"No reasonable man in Germany can give a reason for the necessity of the existence of Catholic youth organizations in their present form." (1458-PS)
Schirach's objective of forcing all German youth into the Hitler Youth was finally accomplished by a decree in December 1936. (1392-PS)
(3) Schirach was mainly responsible for the indoctrination and training of German youth outside home and school. The law making compulsory the organization of all German Youth within the Hitler Youth declared that:
"The task of educating the German Youth through the Hitler Youth is being entrusted to the Reich Youth Leader in the NSDAP." (1392-PS)
To make Schirach's sole competence even clearer, the first executive order concerning the basic youth law stated:
"The youth leader of the German Reich is solely competent for all missions of the physical, ideological, and moral education of the entire German youth outside of the house of the parents and the school." (1462-PS)
Schirach's sole competence even clearer, the first executive order concerning the basic youth law stated: "The youth leader of the German Reich is solely competent for all missions of the physical, ideological, and moral education of the entire German youth outside of the house of the parents and the school." (1462-PS)
(4) Schirach was the principal Nazi conspirator in applying the Leadership principle to German youth. As a Reich Leader (Reichsleiter) in the NSDAP, Schirach was responsible only to Hitler or his deputy (Stellvertreter), Hess. In youth affairs he was at the top of the Nazi leadership pyramid, and under him German youth was directed by and completely subjected to the Leadership Principle. The Leadership Principle, one of the principal control-techniques of the Nazis was explained and glorified by Schirach as it applied to German youth:
"A single will leads the HJ. The power of authority of the HJ leaders, that of the smallest as well as of the largest unit, is absolute, i. e., he has the unlimited right to give orders because he bears the unlimited responsibility. He knows that the responsibility of the higher one comes before that of the lower ones. Therefore, he submits silently to the instructions of his leaders even if they are directed against him personally. To him as well as to all young Germany the history of the HJ is proof of the fact that a youth community also can only be successful if it unconditionally recognizes the authority of leadership. The success of National Socialism is a success of discipline. The structure of National Socialist Youth is built on the foundation of discipline and obedience. The teachings of the time of persecution apply even more to the period of victory and power." (1458-PS)
(5) Schirach indoctrinated youth with the Nazi ideology. Schirach states that:
"It was my task to educate the youth in the aims, ideology and directives of the NSDAP, and beyond this to direct and to shape them." (3302-PS)
of the time of persecution apply even more to the period of victory and power." (1458-PS) (5) Schirach indoctrinated youth with the Nazi ideology. Schirach states that: "It was my task to educate the youth in the aims, ideology and directives of the NSDAP, and beyond this to direct and to shape them." (3302-PS)
For this purpose the Hitler Youth had an elaborate propaganda apparatus which published numerous periodicals, ranging from a daily press service to monthly magazines. Through liaison agents the Hitler Youth Propaganda Office had permanent contact with Dr. Goebbels' Propaganda Office of the NSDAP and with the Ministry of People's enlightenment and Propaganda. (3349-PS)
Schirach, together with Dr. Robert Ley, established the Adolf Hitler Schools in January 1937. These schools, according to the joint statement of Reich Leaders (Reichsleiter) Schirach and Ley, were open to outstanding and proven members of the Youth Folk (Jungvolk), the junior section of the Hitler Youth organization. The Adolf Hitler Schools were destined to train youth free of charge for responsible positions in National Socialist Germany. These schools were units of and under the jurisdiction of the Hitler Youth. Schirach shared with Reich Organization Leader (Reichsorganisationsleiter) Ley the general supervision of the contents of the teaching, the curriculum, and the staff of the Adolf Hitler Schools (2653-PS). Schirach encouraged a close relation between members of the Hitler Youth and the German League for Germandom abroad (Verein fuer das Deutschum im Ausland, or "VDA"). An agreement between Schirach and the leaders of the VDA in 1933 states:
"(1) With a complete respect for the important racial-political task the Hitler Youth recommends to its members membership in collaboration with the VDA."
"(3) The school groups of the VDA (racial-German work cells) assist the Hitler Youth in their work." (L-360-H)
Schirach and the leaders of the VDA in 1933 states: "(1) With a complete respect for the important racial-political task the Hitler Youth recommends to its members membership in collaboration with the VDA." "(3) The school groups of the VDA (racial-German work cells) assist the Hitler Youth in their work." (L-360-H)
Schirach thus subscribed to the "racial-political task" of the NSDAP and extended his jurisdiction even beyond the border of the German Reich. His encouragement and approval of anti-Jewish terror by youth is discussed below.
(6) Through the Hitler Youth, Schirach assisted the Nazi conspirators in developing leaders and members of the NSDAP and its affiliated organizations, including the SA and the SS. Sometime before the launching of aggressive wars, the Hitler Youth had become the principal source of zealous members for the NSDAP and its affiliated organizations. Orders of the Party chancellery concerned with "successor problems" of the Party emphasize constant attention to Hitler Youth members as future Nazi leaders, thus attempting the perpetuation of the Nazi regime and Nazi ideology for the immediate future and even into future generations. Only Hitler Youth members who distinguished themselves were to be admitted to the Party. Nazi leaders were instructed to use "properly qualified full-time Hitler Youth leaders   *   *   *   for the continuation of their political work in the Party service," so that a necessary succession of fulltime leaders in the Leader Corps (Fuehrerkorps) of the Party would be secured. (3348-PS)
The Party manual also discusses the Hitler Youth as a recruitment agency for future Nazi leaders and members of affiliated organizations of the NSDAP:
"To secure for the Party valuable and trained recruits for leadership, suitable Hitler Jugend boys of over 17 can be assigned for education and training to leaders from local unit leaders on upwards."
the Hitler Youth as a recruitment agency for future Nazi leaders and members of affiliated organizations of the NSDAP: "To secure for the Party valuable and trained recruits for leadership, suitable Hitler Jugend boys of over 17 can be assigned for education and training to leaders from local unit leaders on upwards."
"Besides the above-mentioned conditions for selections in general, a process of elimination results from the fact that from youth on the German is cared for, guided, and educated by the Party. First they are assembled in the Young Folk [Jungvolk] from which the young people are transferred into the HJ. The boy of the HJ enters the SA, the SS, the NSKK or the NSFK or participates in the work of the affiliated organizations of the Party. After labor and army service, he returns for service to the Party and its affiliates, respectively." (2401-PS)
Special arrangements existed between Himmler's SS and Schirach's Hitler Youth concerning the recruiting of members of the Hitler Jugend for later service in the SS. Within the Hitler Youth was a special group called the Streifendienst (Patrol Service). Concerning this special group, an official handbook on youth laws states:
"Organization of the Streifendienst.
"1. Since the Streifendienst in the HJ has to perform tasks similar to those of the SS for the whole movement, it is organized as a special unit for the purpose of securing recruits for the general SS; however, as much as possible, recruits for the SS special troops, for the SS Death Head Troops, and for the officer candidate schools should also be taken from these formations."
"4a. The selection of Streifendienst members is made according to the principles of racial selection of the Schutzstaffel [SS]; the competent officials of the SS, primarily unit leaders, race authorities, and SS physicians, will be consulted for the admission test."