dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
rite the youth of Nurnberg were rallied, organized, and incited, encouraged by Streicher. Streicher's speech to the Hitler Youth on the "Holy Mountain" near Nurnberg on 22 June 1935 contained the following statements: "Boys and girls, look back to a little more than 10 years ago. A great war-the World War-had whirled over the peoples of the earth and had left in the end a heap of ruins. Only one people remained victorious in this dreadful war, a people of whom Christ said its father is the devil. That people had ruined the German nation in body and soul. Then Adolf Hitler, unknown to anybody, arose from among the people and became the voice which called to a holy war and battle. He cried to the people for everybody to take courage again and to rise and get a helping hand to take the devil from the German people, so that the human race might be free again from these people that have wandered about the world for centuries and millennia, marked with the sign of Cain. "Boys and girls, even if they say that the Jews were once the chosen people, do not believe it, but believe us when we say that the Jews are not a chosen people. Because it cannot be that a chosen people should act among the peoples as the Jews do today." (M-1). A report of Streicher's address to 2,000 children at Nurnberg at Christmas-time, 1936, states: "'Do you know who the Devil is,' he asked his breathlessly listening audience. 'The Jew, the Jew,' resounded from a thousand children's voices." (M-44) Streicher was not content with writing and talking. He issued a book for teachers, written by one Fink and published from the "Der Stuermer" offices, called "The Jewish Question and School Instruction." This book emphasizes the necessity of anti-Semitic teaching in schools, and suggests ways in which the subject can be introduced and handled. The preface, written by Streicher, reads in part as follows: "The National Socialist state brought fundamental changes into all spheres of life of the German people. "It has also presented the German teacher with some new tasks. The National Socialist state demands that its teachers instruct German children in social questions. As far as the German people is concerned the racial question is a Jewish question. Those who want to teach the child all about the Jew must
German people. "It has also presented the German teacher with some new tasks. The National Socialist state demands that its teachers instruct German children in social questions. As far as the German people is concerned the racial question is a Jewish question. Those who want to teach the child all about the Jew must themselves have a thorough knowledge of the subject. "Those who take to heart all that has been written with such feeling by Fritz Fink, who for many years has been greatly concerned about the German people, will be grateful for the creator of this outwardly insignificant publication." (M-46). The preface is signed by Julius Streicher, City of the Reich Party Rallies, Nurnberg, in the year 1937. The introduction to this book reads as follows: "Racial and Jewish questions are the fundamental problems of the National Socialist ideology. The solution of these problems will secure the existence of National Socialism and with this the existence of our nation for all time. The enormous significance of the racial question is recognized almost without exception today by all the German people. In order to attain this recognition our people had to travel through a long road of suffering. "No one should be allowed to grow up in the midst of our people without this knowledge of the monstrous character and dangerousness of the Jew." (M-46) A later passage in the book contains this statement: "One who has reached this stage of understanding will inevitably remain an enemy of the Jews all his life and will instill this hatred into his own children." (M-46) "Der Stuermer" also published some children's books. Although Streicher himself did not write the books, they were published from his publishing business, and they are on the same line of everything else published and issued from that business. Among these books was one entitled "Don't trust the Fox in the green meadow nor the Jew on his oath." It is a picture book for children. The pictures all depict Jews in an offensive light. And opposite each picture there is a little story. For instance, opposite one picture, which portrays an unpleasant-looking Jewish butcher cutting up meat, there appears the following comment: "The Jewish butcher: he sells half refuse instead of meat. A piece of meat lies on the floor; the cat claws
an offensive light. And opposite each picture there is a little story. For instance, opposite one picture, which portrays an unpleasant-looking Jewish butcher cutting up meat, there appears the following comment: "The Jewish butcher: he sells half refuse instead of meat. A piece of meat lies on the floor; the cat claws another. This doesn't worry the Jew butcher since the meat increases in weight. Besides one mustn't forget he won't have to eat it himself." (M-32) The story opposite another picture reads as follows: "Jesus Christ says "The Jew is a murderer through and through'. And when Christ had to die the Lord didn't know any other people who would have tortured Him to death so he chose the Jews. That is why the Jews pride themselves on being the chosen people." (M-32) Other pictures in this book portray: a girl being led away by an evil-appearing Jew; Streicher smiling benignly at a children's party, greeting the little children; children looking at copies of "Der Stuermer" posted on a wall; Jewish children being taken away from an Aryan school by an unpleasant-looking father, with all the Aryan children shouting and dancing and enjoying the fun very much (M-32). Another book, called "The Poisonous Fungus," is very similar in character and appearance, and likewise calculated to poison the minds of readers. One of the pictures in this book shows a girl sitting in a Jewish doctor's waiting room. The story that goes with this picture is not a very pleasant story, but it is only by adverting to these matters that it becomes possible to believe the kind of education which German children received from Streicher. The story reads as follows: "Inge sits in the reception room of the Jew doctor. She has to wait a long time. She looks through the journals which are on the table. But she is much too nervous to read even a few sentences. Again and again she remembers the talk with her mother. And again and again her mind reflects on the warnings of her leader of the League of German Girls: 'A German must not consult a Jew doctor. And particularly not a German girl. Many a girl that went to a Jew doctor to be cured, found disease and disgrace!' "When Inge had entered the waiting room, she experienced an extraordinary incident. From the
on the warnings of her leader of the League of German Girls: 'A German must not consult a Jew doctor. And particularly not a German girl. Many a girl that went to a Jew doctor to be cured, found disease and disgrace!' "When Inge had entered the waiting room, she experienced an extraordinary incident. From the doctor's consulting room she could hear the sound of crying. She heard the voice of a young girl: 'Doctor, doctor, leave me alone!' "Then she heard the scornful laughing of a man. And then, all of a sudden, it became absolutely silent. Inge had listened breathlessly. "'What may be the meaning of all this?' she asked herself and her heart was pounding. And again she thought of the warning of her leader in the League of German Girls. "Inge was already waiting for an hour. Again she takes the journals in an endeavor to read. Then the door opens. Inge looks up. The Jew appears. She screams. In terror she drops the paper. Horrified she jumps up. Her eyes stare into the face of the Jewish doctor. And this face is the face of the devil. In the middle of this devil's face is a huge crooked nose. Behind the spectacles two criminal eyes. And the thick lips are grinning, a grinning that expresses: 'Now I got you at last, you little German girl!' "And then the Jew approaches her. His fleshy fingers stretch out after her. But now Inge has composed herself. Before the Jew can grab hold of her, she smacks the fat face of the Jew doctor with her hand. One jump to the door. Breathlessly Inge runs down the stairs. Breathlessly she escapes the Jew house." (1778-PS). Another photograph shows youthful admirers standing around looking at Streicher's picture, with the following commentary: "'without a solution of the Jewish question there will be no salvation for mankind.' That is what he shouted to us. All of us could understand him. And when, at the end, he shouted 'Sieg Heil' for the Fuehrer, we all acclaimed him with tremendous enthusiasm. For two hours Streicher spoke at that occasion. To us it appeared to have been but a few minutes." (1778-PS). The effect of all this propaganda is evident from the columns of "Der Stuermer" itself. In April 1936 there was published a letter, which is typical of many others that appear in other copies from children of
hours Streicher spoke at that occasion. To us it appeared to have been but a few minutes." (1778-PS). The effect of all this propaganda is evident from the columns of "Der Stuermer" itself. In April 1936 there was published a letter, which is typical of many others that appear in other copies from children of all ages. The third paragraph of this letter, signed by the boys and girls of the National Socialist youth Hostel at Grossmuellen, reads: "* * * Today we saw a play on how the devil persuades the Jew to shoot a conscientious National Socialist. In the course of the play the Jew did it too. We all heard the shot. We would have all liked to jump up and arrest the Jew. But then the policeman came and after a short struggle took the Jew along. You can imagine, dear Stuermer, that we heartily cheered the policeman. In the whole play not one name was mentioned, but we all knew that this play represented the murder by the Jew Frankfurter. We were very sick when we went to bed that night. None felt like talking to the others. This play made it clear to us how the Jew sets to work." (M-25). C. STREICHER'S USE OF HIS AUTHORITY AS GAULEITER IN THE SERVICE OF THE CONSPIRACY. Streicher's authority as a Gauleiter was extensive. The Organization Book of the NSDAP for 1938 describes the duties and authority of Gauleiters as follows: "The Gauleiter bears over-all responsibility for the Fuehrer for the sector of sovereignty entrusted to him. The rights, duties and jurisdiction of the Gauleiter result primarily from the mission assigned by the Fuehrer and, apart from that, from detailed direction." (1814-PS). Streicher's association with the Fuehrer and other Nazi conspirators may also be seen from the newspapers. On the occasion of Streicher's 50th birthday, Hitler paid a visit to Nurnberg to congratulate him. The account of that meeting is published in the "Voelkischer Beobachter" of 13 February 1934 as follows: "Adolf Hitler spoke to his old comrades in battle and to his followers in words which went straight to their hearts. By way of introduction he remarked that it was a special pleasure to be present for a short while in Nurnberg, the town of the National Socialist community which had been
"Adolf Hitler spoke to his old comrades in battle and to his followers in words which went straight to their hearts. By way of introduction he remarked that it was a special pleasure to be present for a short while in Nurnberg, the town of the National Socialist community which had been steeled in battle, at this day of honor of Julius Streicher, and to be within the circle of the standard bearers of the National Socialist idea during many years. "Just as they, all of them, had during the years of oppression unshakeably believed in the victory of the movement, so his friend and comrade in the battle, Streicher, had stood faithfully at his side at all times. It had been this unshakeable belief that had moved mountains. "For Streicher it would surely be a solemn thought, that this 50th anniversary meant not only the halfway point of a century, but also of a thousand years of German history to him. He had in Streicher a companion of whom he could say that here in Nurnberg was a man who would never waver for a single second and who would unflinchingly stand behind him in every situation." (M-8). A letter from Himmler, published in "Der Stuermer" of April 1937, declared: "If in future years the history of the reawakening of the German people is written, and if already the next generation will be unable to understand that the German people was once friendly to the Jews, it will be stated that Julius Streicher and his weekly paper 'Der Stuermer' have contributed a great deal towards the enlightenment regarding the enemy of humanity. "(Signed) For the Reichsfuehrer SS, Himmler." (M-22). Finally, a letter from von Schirach, the Reich Youth Leader, published in "Der Stuermer" of January 1938, had this to say: "It is the historical merit of 'Der Stuermer' to have enlightened the broad masses of our people in a popular way as to the Jewish world danger. 'Der Stuermer' is right in refusing to fulfill its task in the tone of the aesthetic drawing room. Jewry has shown no regard for the German people. We have, therefore, no cause to be considerate and to spare our worst enemy. What we fail to do today our youngsters of tomorrow will have to suffer for bitterly." (M-45). D. CONCLUSION. It may be that Streicher is less directly involved in the physical
Jewry has shown no regard for the German people. We have, therefore, no cause to be considerate and to spare our worst enemy. What we fail to do today our youngsters of tomorrow will have to suffer for bitterly." (M-45). D. CONCLUSION. It may be that Streicher is less directly involved in the physical commission of the crimes against Jews than some of his coconspirators. The submission of the Prosecution is that his crime is no less worse for that reason. No government in the world, before the Nazis came to power, could have embarked upon and put into effect a policy of mass Jewish extermination in the way in which they did, without having a people who would back them and support them, and without having a large number of people who were prepared to carry out the murder themselves. (See Chapter XII on Persecution of the Jews.) It was to the task of educating and poisoning the people with hate, and of producing murderers, that Streicher set himself. For 25 years he continued unrelentingly the perversion of the people and youth of Germany. He went on and on, as he saw the results of his work bearing fruit. In the early days he was preaching persecution. As persecution took place he preached extermination and annihilation and, as millions of Jews were exterminated and annihilated, in the Ghettos of the East, he cried out for more and more. The crime of Streicher is that he made these crimes possible, which they would never have been had it not been for him and for those like him. Without Streicher and his propaganda, the Kaltenbrunners, the Himmlers, the General Stroops would have had nobody to do their orders. In its extent Streicher's crime is probably greater and more far-reaching than that of any of the other defendants. The misery which they caused ceased with their capture. The effects of this man's crime, of the poison that he has put into the minds of millions of young boys and girls goes on, for he concentrated upon the youth and childhood of Germany. He leaves behind him a legacy of almost a whole people poisoned with hate, sadism, and murder, and perverted by him. That people remain a problem and perhaps a menace to the rest of civilization for generations to come. LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO JULIUS
the youth and childhood of Germany. He leaves behind him a legacy of almost a whole people poisoned with hate, sadism, and murder, and perverted by him. That people remain a problem and perhaps a menace to the rest of civilization for generations to come. LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO JULIUS STREICHER Document Description Vol. Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6 ......................... I 5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H); Appendix A ......................... I 29,66 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *1724-PS Announcement in Press Conference, 4 August 1938, of breaking up of synagogue. (USA 266) ......................... IV 224 *1757-PS Report of Goering's Commissioners for investigation of Aryanisations. (GB 175) ......................... IV 283 *1778-PS Book "The Poisonous Mushroom", published in Nurnberg 1938, concerning Jews. (USA 257) ......................... IV 358 *1814-PS The Organization of the NSDAP and its affiliated associations, from Organization book of the NSDAP, editions of 1936, 1938, 1940 and 1943, pp. 86-88. (USA 328) ......................... IV 411 *1965-PS Article by Streicher, 4 November 1943, published in Der Stuermer. (GB 176) ......................... IV 602 *2153-PS Defeat the enemy of the World, published in National Socialist Party Correspondence No. 358, 30 March 1933. (GB 166) ......................... IV 760 *2154-PS Streicher decrees, published in National Socialist Party Correspondence, No. 359, 31 March 1933. (GB 167) ......................... IV 760 *2156-PS Announcement of Central Committee for defense against Jewish horror and boycott agitation, 29 March 1933, published in National Socialist Party Correspondence No. 357. (USA 263)
decrees, published in National Socialist Party Correspondence, No. 359, 31 March 1933. (GB 167) ......................... IV 760 *2156-PS Announcement of Central Committee for defense against Jewish horror and boycott agitation, 29 March 1933, published in National Socialist Party Correspondence No. 357. (USA 263) ......................... IV 761 *2409-PS Extracts from The Imperial House to the Reich Chancellery by Dr. Joseph Goebbels. (USA 262) ......................... V 83 2583-PS Quotation from speech made by Streicher, 31 October 1939 ......................... V 311 *2697-PS Article: "The Chosen People of the Criminals" from Der Stuermer, No. 2, January 1935. (USA 259) ......................... V 372 *2698-PS Article: "Two little Talmud Jews", from Der Stuermer, No. 50, December 1938. (USA 260) ......................... V 372 *2699-PS Article on Ritual Murder, from Der Stuermer, No. 14, April 1937. (USA 258) ......................... V 372 2700-PS Article: "The Ritual Murder", from Der Stuermer, No. 28, July 1938 ......................... V 373 *2711-PS Article: "Symbolic Action", published in Fraenkische Tageszeitung-Nurnberg, 11 August 1938. (USA 267) ......................... V 376 *2975-PS Streicher's affidavit, 19 November 1945, concerning positions held. (USA 9) ......................... V 681 *M-1 Speech by Julius Streicher to Hitler Youth on "Holy Mountain", 22 June 1935. (GB 178) ......................... VII 1115 *M-2 Speech by Julius Streicher, 10 May 1935. (GB 172) ......................... VIII 1 M-3 Extract from Mein Kampf, p. 440 ......................... VIII 2 *M-4 Streicher's speech, 5 September 1937, commemorating the opening of the Wilhelm-Gustloff Bridge in Nurnberg. (GB 171) ......................... VIII 3 M-5 Report of press conference of 4 August 1938 ......................... VIII 5 *M-6 Leading article by Julius Streicher from Der Stuermer of September 1936. (GB 170) ......................... VIII 6 M-7 NSDAP Proclamation from Voelkischer Beobachter, 29 March 1933, concerning the boycott ......................... VIII 7 *M-8 Hitler's visit to Nurnberg on Streicher's 50th birthday, from Voelkischer Beobachter, 13 February 1935. (GB 182) ......................... VIII 8 *M-10
VIII 6 M-7 NSDAP Proclamation from Voelkischer Beobachter, 29 March 1933, concerning the boycott ......................... VIII 7 *M-8 Hitler's visit to Nurnberg on Streicher's 50th birthday, from Voelkischer Beobachter, 13 February 1935. (GB 182) ......................... VIII 8 *M-10 Streicher's letter to Archbishop of Canterbury, from Special edition of the Stuermer in May 1939. (GB 173) ......................... VIII 9 *M-11 Streicher's speech in Central Hall of Coliseum in Nurnberg, 23 November 1922. (GB 165) ......................... VIII 10 *M-12 Streicher's speech, 20 November 1924. (GB 165) ......................... VIII 10 *M-13 Streicher's speech in Nurnberg, 3 April 1925. (GB 165) ......................... VIII 11 *M-14 Streicher's speech in the Hercules Hall in Nurnberg, 21 April 1932. (GB 165) ......................... VIII 11 *M-20 Article from 1935 New Year's issue of "German People's health from Blood and Soil". (GB 168) ......................... VIII 12 M-21 Article: "Jewish Blood in a Priest's Robe", from Der Stuermer, March 1936 ......................... VIII 12 M-22 Letter from Himmler, 19 January 1937, from Der Stuermer, April 1937 ......................... VIII 13 *M-25 Letter from Der Stuermer, April 1936, concerning the teachings to boys and girls of Jewish question. (GB 170; USA 861) ......................... VIII 14 M-26 Article: "He calls himself a party member", from Der Stuermer, March 1936 ......................... VIII 15 M-27 Article: "Friends of the Jews on the Moselle", from Der Stuermer, March 1936 ......................... VIII 15 M-28 Article: "She must stick to the Jews", from Der Stuermer, March 1936 ......................... VIII 16 *M-30 Speech by Julius Streicher in Bavarian Diet, 26 June 1925. (GB 165) ......................... VIII 16 M-31 Editorial "The Approaching finale, The Prophecy of the Fuehrer", by Julius Streicher, published in Der Stuermer ......................... VIII 19 *M-32 Extracts from book "Don't trust a Fox on a green meadow nor the Jew on his oath". (GB 181) ......................... VIII 20 *M-33 "100,000 demonstrate in Koenigsplatz against Jewish incitements to cruelty", from Muenchener Beobachter, 1-2 April 1933. (GB 329) ......................... VIII 21 *M-34 "Safeguard of German
book "Don't trust a Fox on a green meadow nor the Jew on his oath". (GB 181) ......................... VIII 20 *M-33 "100,000 demonstrate in Koenigsplatz against Jewish incitements to cruelty", from Muenchener Beobachter, 1-2 April 1933. (GB 329) ......................... VIII 21 *M-34 "Safeguard of German Blood and German Honour", from Voelkischer Beobachter, 6 October 1935. (GB 169) ......................... VIII 24 M-35 Extract from Leading Article in Der Stuermer, July 1938 ......................... VIII 24 M-36 Extract from Leading Article in Der Stuermer, September 1938 ......................... VIII 25 M-39 Extract from Leading Article in Der Stuermer, January 1938 ......................... VIII 26 M-40 Headlines of Articles in Stuermer Special Issue No. 8, January 1938 ......................... VIII 26 M-41 Speech by Streicher, 10 November 1938 ......................... VIII 26 *M-42 Account of November 1938 demonstrations in Nurnberg and Fuerth. (GB 174) ......................... VIII 28 *M-43 Streicher's address to young girls of vocational training centre, 19 March 1934, from Fraenkische Tageszeitung. (GB 177) ......................... VIII 28 *M-44 Report of Streicher's address to 2,000 children at Nurnberg at Christmas celebrations, from Fraenkische Tageszeitung, 22 December 1936. (GB 179) ......................... VIII 29 *M-45 Letter by von Schirach, published in Der Stuermer, January 1938. (USA 871) ......................... VIII 30 *M-46 Extracts from book: "Jewish Question and School Instruction", published in Der Stuermer, 1937. (GB 180) ......................... VIII 30 Chapter XVI Part 9 Contents Chapter XVI Part 11