dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
continued year after year. This is shown by a certified copy of the charge, specifications, and findings of the U.S. Military Commission at Wiesbaden, against the individuals who operated the Hadamar Sanitarium, where many Russians and Poles were done away with. In this particular proceeding, seven defendants were charged with the murder in 1944 and 1945 of 400 persons of Polish and Russian nationality. Three of the defendants were sentenced to be hanged; the other four were sentenced to confinement at hard labor (3592-PS). But the murdering in Hadamar was only part of a systematic program. The official report of the Czechoslovak War Crimes Commission, entitled "Detailed Statement on the Murdering of Ill and Aged People in Germany," shows that Frick was one of the originators of the secret law of 1940, which authorized the killing of sick and aged persons and under which the Hadamar "murder mill" was operated until 1945. The first 3 paragraphs of that report read as follows: "1. The murdering can be traced back to a secret law which was released some time in the summer of 1940. "2. Besides the Chief Physician of the Reich, Dr. L. Conti, the Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler, the Reichsminister of the Interior Dr. Frick, as well as other men, the following participated in the introduction of this secret law * * * "3. As I have already stated, there were-after careful calculation-at least 200,000 mainly mentally deficient, imbeciles, besides neurological cases and medically unfit people-these were not only incurable cases-and at least 75,000 aged people." (1556-PS). Thus, Frick bears full responsibility for the systematic killing of the "unproductive eaters," for whom the Nazi war machine had no use. (4) Oppression in Bohemia and Moravia. The final phase of Frick's criminal activities began with his appointment as Protector in Bohemia and Moravia, on 20 August 1943 (3086-PS). His authority was clearly defined in a Secret Decree issued on 29 August 1943. That Decree provided that the Reich protector was "the representative of the fuehrer in his capacity as Chief of State." In addition to this over-all authority, Frick was given jurisdiction "to confirm the members of the government of the Protectorate, to appoint, dismiss and retire the German civil
August 1943. That Decree provided that the Reich protector was "the representative of the fuehrer in his capacity as Chief of State." In addition to this over-all authority, Frick was given jurisdiction "to confirm the members of the government of the Protectorate, to appoint, dismiss and retire the German civil servants in the Protectorate." He was given full power "to grant pardons and to quash proceedings in all cases except in cases before the Military and SS Police Courts" (1366-PS). These broad powers establish the clear responsibility of Frick for the crimes committed in the Protectorate under his administration during the last 20 months of the War. As representative of the Fuehrer in the Protectorate, he covered these criminal acts with Hitler's name and absolute power. As a single example of these crimes, reference may be made to Supplement 6 to the official Czechoslovak report on German Crimes Against Czechoslovakia: "During the tenure of office of defendant Wilhelm Frick as Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from August 1943 until the liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945, many thousands of Czechoslovak Jews were transported from the Terezin ghetto in Czechoslovakia to the concentration camp at Oswiecziem (Auschwitz) in Poland and were there killed in the gas chambers." (3589-PS). Frick was also fully responsible for the multiple and notorious miscarriages of justice by which the population of the Protectorate was systematically persecuted and oppressed. His failure to correct these miscarriages of justice through the exercise of his right to grant pardons and to quash legal proceedings is tantamount to a confirmation of the cruel and illegal sentences imposed upon the inhabitants of the Protectorate (1556-PS; 3589-PS). Frick's specific responsibility on these counts must be added to the over-all responsibility which he bears because of the fact that he was in power as Reich Protector while such Crimes against Humanity were committed against the population of Bohemia and Moravia (3443-PS). H. CONCLUSION. Frick, who joined the Nazi conspiracy at its early beginning, played within the conspiracy the role of expert administrator and coordinator of State and Party affairs. Misusing his governmental positions in the pre-Hitler era, he gave
were committed against the population of Bohemia and Moravia (3443-PS). H. CONCLUSION. Frick, who joined the Nazi conspiracy at its early beginning, played within the conspiracy the role of expert administrator and coordinator of State and Party affairs. Misusing his governmental positions in the pre-Hitler era, he gave aid and protection to the conspirators when they were still weak. He supported them in their first attempt to come into power by force, expecting to gain high office from their success. He was the first to carry their revolutionary program from the Beer Hall to the Reichstag Rostrum. As their earliest important office-holder (in Thuringia), he developed for the first time their totalitarian and terroristic methods of political and intellectual control. Upon the accession to power of the Nazi conspirators on 30 January 1933, Frick took over the vital Ministry of Interior. From this position he directed the realization of the entire domestic program of the conspiracy. He took complete charge of the successive destruction of the parliamentary system, of autonomous State and local government, and of the career civil service. He planned and executed the measures which subjected the government itself to the domination of the Nazi Party. He then proceeded to establish a huge Reich Police Force under Himmler, which became the instrument with which the Nazi conspirators terrorized and ultimately "liquidated" all opposition inside and outside Germany in concentration and extermination camps. In order to give the semblance of law to the criminal acts of the conspirators, Frick drafted legislation to withdraw constitutional protection from the rights and liberties which they had determined to wipe out. He participated in the relentless and violent persecution of all persons and groups who were considered as actual or potential opponents of the conspirators' plans. Among these were the churches, the free trade unions, and especially the Jews. Having secured absolute control over Germany for the conspirators, Frick proceeded to bring the German people and State into readiness for the wars of aggression planned by the conspirators. He established the system of military and labor service on which the Wehrmacht was to rest. He took over the Planning of
Jews. Having secured absolute control over Germany for the conspirators, Frick proceeded to bring the German people and State into readiness for the wars of aggression planned by the conspirators. He established the system of military and labor service on which the Wehrmacht was to rest. He took over the Planning of Germany's civilian wartime administration, which was to back it up. In this capacity he organized and supervised the killing of the useless eaters, the insane, crippled, aged, and such foreign forced laborers who were no longer able to work. As the Nazi conspirators began to achieve their predatory aims, Frick was active in the coordination of the administration of the territories and peoples which fell into Nazi hands. He presided over the annexation of territories and the denationalization of their inhabitants in violation of the Hague Conventions. When the conspirators were ready to proceed to the realization of their ultimate goals, especially the complete enslavement and annihilation of conquered populations, Frick devised the basic legislation for their disfranchisement and finally took personal charge of one of the oppressed nations, Czechoslovakia. Thus, Frick was one of the principal artisans of the conspiracy throughout its course. His contribution to its progress was essential in all its phases, and decisive in many. He nurtured the conspiracy, directed its followers, terrorized its opponents, and destroyed its victims. I. POSITIONS HELD BY FRICK. (1) Between 1932 and 1945 Frick held the following positions: (a) Member of the Nazi Party, 1925-1945 (3127-PS). (b) Reichsleiter (Member of the Party Directorate) in his capacity as Fraktionsfuehrer (Floorleader) of NSDAP in the Reichstag. (c) Member of the Reichstag, 7 December 1924-1945. (d) Reich Minister of the Interior, 30 January 1933-20 August 1943 (2381-PS; 3086-PS). (e) Prussian Minister of the Interior, 1 May 1934-20 August 1943 (3132-PS; 3086-PS). (f) Reich Director of Elections, 30 January 1933-20 August 1943 (3123-PS; 3086-PS). (g) General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich, 21 May 1935-20 August 1943 (2978-PS; 3086-PS). (h) Head of the Central Office for the Reunification of Austria and the German Reich (2307-PS;
1934-20 August 1943 (3132-PS; 3086-PS). (f) Reich Director of Elections, 30 January 1933-20 August 1943 (3123-PS; 3086-PS). (g) General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich, 21 May 1935-20 August 1943 (2978-PS; 3086-PS). (h) Head of the Central Office for the Reunification of Austria and the German Reich (2307-PS; 1060-PS; 3123-PS). (i) Director of the Central Office for the incorporation of Sudetenland, Memel, Danzig, the Eastern Incorporated Territories, Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnot (3076-PS; 3077-PS). (j) Director of the central Office for the Protectorate of Bohemia, Moravia, the Government General, Lower Styria, Upper Carinthia, Norway, Alsace, Lorraine, and all other occupied territories (2119-PS; 3123-PS). (k) Reich Protector for Bohemia and Moravia, 20 August 1943-1945 (3086-PS). (2) Between 1917 and 1945, Wilhelm Frick held the additional following positions: (a) Chief of the Criminal (later the Political) Division of the Munich Police Department, 1917-1923 (2381-PS). (b) Fraktionsfuehrer (Floorleader) of the NSDAP in the Reichstag, 1927-1945 (2381-PS). (c) Minister of the Interior and of Education of the Free State of Thuringia, 23 January 1930-1 April 1931 (2381-PS). (d) Member of the Reich Defense Council, 21 May 1935-20 August 1943 (2978-PS). (e) Member of the Ministerial Council for the Defense of the Reich, 30 August 1939-20 August 1943 (2018-PS). (f) Reich Minister without Portfolio, 20 August 1943-1945 (3086-PS). LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO WILHELM FRICK Document Description Vol. Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6.............. I 5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H); Appendix A.............. I 29,60 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *374-PS TWX Series of Orders signed by Heydrich and
but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *374-PS TWX Series of Orders signed by Heydrich and Mueller, issued by Gestapo Headquarters Berlin, 9-11 November 1938, concerning treatment of Jews. (USA 729)............. III 277 *388-PS File of papers on Case Green (the plan for the attack on Czechoslovakia), kept by Schmundt, Hitler's adjutant, April-October 1938. (USA 26)............. III 305 405-PS Law Concerning Trustees of Labor, 19 May 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.285......... III 387 *615-PS Letter from Bishop of Limburg, 13 August 1941, concerning killings at Hadamar Asylum. (USA 717)......... III 449 *621-PS Letter from Dr. Lammers to Minister of Justice, 2 October 1940, concerning deaths of Nursing Home inmates. (USA 715)..... III 451 *647-PS Secret Hitler Order, 17 August 1938, concerning organization and mobilization of SS. (USA 443)............ III 459 680-PS Letter by Frick to heads of Agencies, 5 May 1938, proposing methods for invalidating Concordat between Austria and the Holy See....... III 483 779-PS Directive by Frick, regulating "protective custody", 12 April 1934....... III 555 *1039-PS Report concerning preparatory work regarding problems in Eastern Territories, 28 June 1941, found in Rosenberg's "Russia File". (USA 146)........... III 695 **1060-PS Order pursuant to law concerning Reunion of Austria with German Reich, 16 March 1938. 1938 Reischsgesetzblatt, part I, p.249. (Referred to, but not offered in evidence.).......... III 717 1249-PS Ordinance, 1 June 1942, issued under Decree of 4 December 1941 for establishment of courts-martial in annexed Eastern Territories of Upper Silesia........... III 851 1366-PS Decree of 29 August 1943 on the position, duties, and authorities of the Reich protector in Bohemia and Moravia; Budget of the Reich Protectorate for 1944......... III 925 1388-PS Law concerning confiscation of Property subversive to People and State, 14 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.479......... III 962 1388-A-PS Law against the establishment of Parties, 14 July 1933. 1933
in Bohemia and Moravia; Budget of the Reich Protectorate for 1944......... III 925 1388-PS Law concerning confiscation of Property subversive to People and State, 14 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.479......... III 962 1388-A-PS Law against the establishment of Parties, 14 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.479......... III 962 1389-PS Law creating Reich Labor Service, 26 June 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.769............. III 963 1390-PS Decree of the Reich President for the protection of the People and State, 28 February 1933. 1933 Reischsgesetzblatt, part I, p.83......... III 968 1393-PS Law on treacherous attacks against State and Party, and for the protection of Party Uniforms, 20 December 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1269............ III 973 *1395-PS Law to insure the unity of Party and State, 1 December 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1016. (GB 252).......... III 978 1396-PS Law concerning the confiscation of Communist property, 26 May 1933. 1933 Reischsgesetzblatt, part I, p.293............ III 979 1397-PS Law for the reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service, 7 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.175........... III 981 1398-PS Law to supplement the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, 20 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.518.......... III 986 1403-Ps Law on the granting of indemnities in case of confiscation or transfer of property, 9 December 1937. 1937 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1333........... III 991 1409-PS Order concerning utilization of Jewish property, 3 December 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1709............. IV 1 1416-PS Reich Citizen Law of 15 September 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1146.............. IV 7 *1417-PS First regulation to the Reich's Citizenship Law, 14 November 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1333. (GB 258)......... IV 8 1422-PS Thirteenth regulation under Reich Citizenship Law, 1 July 1943. 1943 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.372.......... IV 14 1437-PS Law concerning reuniting of Austria with German Reich, 18 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.262..... IV 17 *1482-PS Secret letter, 20 July 1935 to provincial
IV 8 1422-PS Thirteenth regulation under Reich Citizenship Law, 1 July 1943. 1943 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.372.......... IV 14 1437-PS Law concerning reuniting of Austria with German Reich, 18 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.262..... IV 17 *1482-PS Secret letter, 20 July 1935 to provincial governments and the Prussian Gestapo from Frick, concerning Confessional Youth Organizations. (USA 738)......... IV 51 *1498-PS Order of Frick, 6 November 1934, addressed inter alios to Prussian Gestapo prohibiting publication of Protestant Church announcements. (USA 739).......... IV 52 1551-PS Decree assigning functions in Office of chief of German police, 26 June 1936. 1936 Reichs Ministerialblatt, pp.946-948......... IV 106 *1556-PS Czechoslovakian report, December 1941, naming Frick as one of the originators of secret law authorizing the killing of sick and aged persons. (USA 716)........ IV 111 1637-PS Order of Himmler, 23 June 1938, concerning acceptance of members of Security Police into the SS. 1938 Reichs Ministerialblatt, pp.1089-1091............ IV 138 1638-PS Circular of Minister of Interior, 11 November 1938, on cooperation of SD and other authorities. 1938 Reichs Ministerialblatt, p.1906.......... IV 142 *1643-PS Documents concerning confiscation of land for the establishment of the Auschwitz Extermination Camp. (USA 713).......... IV 155 1652-PS Decree of the Reich President for protection against treacherous attacks on the government of the Nationalist movement, 21 March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.135............ IV 160 **1654-PS Law of 16 March 1935 reintroducing universal military conscription. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.369. (Referred to but not offered in evidence.)............ IV 163 1660-PS Decree for registration for active service in Austria in the year 1938 of 16 June 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.631............ IV 171 1662-PS Order eliminating Jews from German economic life, 12 November 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1580........... 172 *1680-PS "Ten Years Security Police and SD" published in The German Police, 1 February 1943. (USA 477).............. IV 191 1696-PS Correspondence with Ministry of Interior showing unexplained deaths of insane
Jews from German economic life, 12 November 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1580........... 172 *1680-PS "Ten Years Security Police and SD" published in The German Police, 1 February 1943. (USA 477).............. IV 191 1696-PS Correspondence with Ministry of Interior showing unexplained deaths of insane persons....... IV 199 *1723-PS Order concerning cooperation of Party offices with the Secret State Police, 25 January 1938, published in Decrees, Regulations, Announcements, 1937, vol. II, pp.430-439. (USA 206)........... IV 219 1770-PS Law concerning factory representative councils and economic organizations, 4 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.161........... IV 343 *1816-PS Stenographic report of the meeting on The Jewish Question, under the Chairmanship of Fieldmarshal Goering, 12 November 1938. (USA 261)......... IV 425 *1850-PS Conferences, 1933, calling for financing of military training of SA from Ministry of Interior Funds. (USA 742)............. IV 478 *1852-PS "Law from The German Police, 1941, by Dr. Werner Best. (USA 449) (See Chart No. 16.)......... IV 490 1861-PS Law on the regulation of National labor, 20 January 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.45....... IV 467 1969-PS Correspondence of party officials, concerning killing of insane........ IV 602 2000-PS Law for protection of German blood and German honor, 15 September 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, No. 100, p.1146.......... IV 636 2001-PS Law to Remove the Distress of People and State, 24 March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.141.......... IV 638 2003-PS Law concerning the Sovereign Head of the German Reich, 1 August 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.747........ IV 639 2004-PS Preliminary law for the coordination of Federal States under the Reich, 31 March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.153.......... IV 640 2005-PS Second law integrating the "Laender" with the Reich, 7 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.173 ............. IV 641 2008-PS German Communal Ordinance, 30 January 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.49......... IV 643 *2018-PS Fuehrer's decree establishing a Ministerial Council for Reich defense, 30 August 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1539. (GB 250)........ IV 650 2058-PS
part I, p.173 ............. IV 641 2008-PS German Communal Ordinance, 30 January 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.49......... IV 643 *2018-PS Fuehrer's decree establishing a Ministerial Council for Reich defense, 30 August 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.1539. (GB 250)........ IV 650 2058-PS Decree for the securing of the State Leadership, 7 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.462........... IV 699 2073-PS Decree concerning the appointment of a Chief of German Police in the Ministry of the Interior, 17 June 1936. 1936 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, P.487 IV 703 2108-PS Decree for execution of Law on Secret State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936 Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp.22-24........ IV 732 2118-PS Police decree on identification of Jews, 1 September 1941. 1941 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.547......... IV 750 2119-PS Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor concerning the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 16 March 1939............ IV 751 *2124-PS Decree introducing the Nurnberg Racial Laws into Austria, 20 May 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.594. (GB 259)........ IV 755 *2194-PS Top secret letter from Ministry for Economy and Labor, Saxony, to Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia, Enclosing copy of 1938 Secret Defense Law of 4 September 1938. (USA 36)........ IV 843 2245-PS Frick decree of 20 September 1936 concerning employment of Security Police Inspectors. 1936 Reichs Ministerialblatt, pp. 1343-1344......... IV 928 *2307-PS Law concerning reunion of Austria with German Reich, 13 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p.237. (GB 133).......... IV 997 *2380-PS Articles from National Socialist Yearbook, 1935. (USA 396)........... V 6 *2381-PS Extracts from The Greater German Diet, 1943. (USA 476)............. V 7 *2385-PS Affidavit of George S. Messersmith, 30 August 1945. (USA 68)....... V 23 2403-PS The End of the Party State, from Documents of German Politics, vol. I, pp.55-56.......... V 71 *2513-PS Extract from The National Socialist Workers' Party as an Association Hostile to State and to Republican From of Government and Guilty of Treasonable Activity (USA 235).......... V 252 *2608-PS Frick's lecture, 7 March 1940, on "The administration in Wartime". (USA 714)............. V