dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
as conditions permitted. (1816-PS) The laws issued in this period were signed mostly by Goering, in his capacity as Deputy for the Four Year Plan, and were thus connected with the consolidation of control over German economy in preparation for aggressive war. The major laws issued in this period are listed below: Document No.DateReichsgesetzblatt pageTitle and gist of lawSigned by 1412-PS12.11.38I 1579 Verordnung ueber eine Suhneleistung der Juden (Order concerning expiation contribution of Jews of German nationality), obligating all German Jews to pay a collective fine of 1.000.000.000 Reichsmark.Goering 2875-PS12.11.38I 1580Verordnung zur Ausschaltung der Juden aus dem deutschen Wirtschaftsleben (Decree on elimination of Jews from German economic life), barring Jews from trade and crafts.Goering 1415-PS28.11.38I 1676Polizeiverordnung ueber das Auftreten der Juden in der Queffentlichkeit (Police regulation of the appearance of Jews in public), limiting movement of Jews to certain localities and hours.Heydrich (assistant to Frick) 1409-PS3.12.38I 1709Verordnung ueber den Einsatz. des Juedischen Vermoegens (Order concerning the Utilization of Jewish property), setting time limit for the sale or liquidation of Jewish enterprises; forcing Jews to deposit shares and securities held by them; forbidding sale or acquisition of gold and precious stones by Jews.Funk Frick 1419-PS30.4.39I 864Gesetz ueber Mietverhaeltnisse mit Juden (Law concerning Jewish tenants) granting to landlords the right to give notice to Jewish tenants before legal expiration of lease.Hitler Guertner Krohn Hess Frick 2876-PS4.7.39I 1097zehnte Verordnung zum Reichsbuergergesetz (Tenth decree relating to the Reich Citizenship Law), forcible congregation of Jews in the "Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland".Frick Rust Kerrl Hess 2877-PS1.9.41I 547Polizeiverordnung ueber die Konnzeichnung der Juden (Police order concerning identification of Jews) forcing all Jews over 6 years of age to wear the Star of David.Heydrich (5) Extermination of German Jews. Early in 1939 Hitler and the other Nazi conspirators decided to arrive at a "final solution of the Jewish problem." In connection with preparations for aggressive war, further consolidation of controls and removal of elements not belonging to the
Star of David.Heydrich (5) Extermination of German Jews. Early in 1939 Hitler and the other Nazi conspirators decided to arrive at a "final solution of the Jewish problem." In connection with preparations for aggressive war, further consolidation of controls and removal of elements not belonging to the Volksgemeinschaft (racial community) were deemed necessary. The conspirators also anticipated the conquest of territories in Eastern Europe inhabitated by large numbers of Jews and the impossibility of forcing largescale emigration in war-time. Hence, other and more drastic measures became necessary. The emphasis in this period shifted from legislative acts to police measures. On 24 January 1939 Heydrich was charged with the mission of "arriving at a solution of the Jewish problem." (710-PS) On 15 January 1939 Rosenberg stated in a speech at Detmold: "For Germany the Jewish problem will be solved only when the last Jew has left Germany." On 7 February 1939, Rosenberg appealed to foreign nations to forget "ideological differences" and unite against the "real enemy," the Jew. He advocated the creation of a "reservation" where the Jews of all countries should be concentrated (2843-PS). In his Reichstag speech on 30 January 1939, Hitler made the following prophecy: "The result [of war] will be * * * the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe." (2663-PS) Thus the direction was given for a policy which was carried out as soon as the conquest of foreign territories created the material conditions. (For the carrying out and results of the program of the Nazi conspirators against Jewry, see Chapter XII.) In the final period of the anti-Jewish crusade very few legislative measures were passed. The Jews were delivered to the SS and various extermination staffs. The last law dealing with the Jews in Germany, signed by Frick, Bormann, Schwerin V. Krosigk, and Thierack, put them entirely outside the law and ordered the confiscation by the State of the property of dead Jews (1422-PS). This law was a weak reflection of a factual situation already in existence. Dr. Wilhelm Stuckart, assistant to Frick, stated at that time: "The aim of the racial legislation may be regarded as already achieved and
the law and ordered the confiscation by the State of the property of dead Jews (1422-PS). This law was a weak reflection of a factual situation already in existence. Dr. Wilhelm Stuckart, assistant to Frick, stated at that time: "The aim of the racial legislation may be regarded as already achieved and consequently the racial legislation as essentially closed. It led to the temporary solution of the Jewish problem and at the same time prepared the final solution. Many regulations will lose their practical importance as Germany approaches the achievement of the final goal in the Jewish problem." (Stuckart and Schiedermair: Rassen und Erbpflege in der Gesetzgebung des Reiches (The care for Race and Heredity in the Legislation of the Reich), Leipzig, 1943, p. 14.) LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO ADOPTION AND PUBLICATION OF THE PROGRAM FOR PERSECUTION OF JEWS DocumentDescriptionVol.Page Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6, especially 6 (a).....I5 International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Section IV (D) 3 (d)......I20 Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court. *710-PSLetter from Goering to Heydrich, 31 July 1941, concerning solution of Jewish question. (USA 509)...III525 1397-PSLaw for the reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service, 7 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 175...III981 1401-PSLaw regarding admission to the Bar, 7 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 188....III989 1406-PSDecree for reporting of Jewish owned property, 26 April 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 414....III1001 1406-PSOrder concerning utilization of Jewish property, 3 December 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1709...IV1 1412-PSDecree relating to payment of fine by Jews of German nationality, 12 November
of Jewish owned property, 26 April 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 414....III1001 1406-PSOrder concerning utilization of Jewish property, 3 December 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1709...IV1 1412-PSDecree relating to payment of fine by Jews of German nationality, 12 November 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1579....IV6 1415-PSPolice regulation concerning appearance of Jews in public, 28 November 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1676....IV6 1416-PSReich Citizen Law of 15 September 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1146....IV7 *1417-PSFirst regulation to the Reichs Citizenship Law, 14 November 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1333. (GB 258)....IV8 1419-PSLaw concerning Jewish tenants, 30 April 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 864.....IV10 1422-PSThirteenth regulation under Reich Citizenship Law, 1 July 1943. 1943 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 372....IV14 *1708-PSThe Program of the NSDAP. National Socialistic Yearbook, 1941, p. 153. (USA 255, USA 324).....IV208 *1816-PSStenographic report of the meeting on The Jewish Question, under the Chairmanship of Fieldmarshal Goering, 12 November 1938. (USA 261)....IV425 2000-PSLaw for protection of German blood and German honor, 15 September 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, No. 100, p. 1146...IV636 2022-PSLaw against overcrowding of German schools and Higher Institutions, 25 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 225....IV651 2083-PSEditorial control law, 4 October 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 713....IV709 2084-PSLaw on formation of the Student Organization at Scientific Universities, 22 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 215....IV718 *2409-PSExtracts from The Imperial House to the Reich Chancellery by Dr. Joseph Goebbels. (USA 262)....V83 2410-PSArticle by Julius Streicher on the "coming popular action" under banner headline "Beat the World Enemy", from Voelkischer Beobachter, South German Edition, 31 March 1933...V85 2427-PSThe Racial Awakening of German Nation by Dr. Rudolf Frercks, in National Political Enlightenment Pamphlets....V92 2431-PSThe Revolution of the Germans; 14 years of National Socialism, by Dr. Joseph Goebbels....V92 2432-PSExtracts from Rosenberg's, Writings From The Years, 1921-1923....V93
1933...V85 2427-PSThe Racial Awakening of German Nation by Dr. Rudolf Frercks, in National Political Enlightenment Pamphlets....V92 2431-PSThe Revolution of the Germans; 14 years of National Socialism, by Dr. Joseph Goebbels....V92 2432-PSExtracts from Rosenberg's, Writings From The Years, 1921-1923....V93 *2663-PSHitler's speech to the Reichstag, 30 January 1939, quoted from Voelkischer Beobachter, Munich edition, 1 February 1939. (USA 268)....V367 2840-PSDr. Wilhelm Frick and his Ministry, 1937, p. 180-181....V503 2841-PSExtract from the Care for Race and Heredity in the Legislation of the Reich, Leipzig, 1943, p. 14....V504 2842-PSExtract from Writings of the years, 1917-21, by Alfred Rosenberg, published in Munich 1943, pp. 320-321....V504 2843-PSRace Politics from Documents of German Politics, Vol. VII, pp. 728-729.....V505 2844-PSThe Program of the Nazi Party, by Gottfried Feder, August 1927, Munich, p. 17....V506 2845-PSOne Year of Racial Political Education by Dr. Gross in National Socialist Monthly No. 54, September 1934, pp. 833-834....V506 2868-PSLaw relating to admission of profession of Patent-Agent and Lawyer, 22 April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part II, No. 41, pp. 217-8....V529 2869-PSLaw relating to admission of Tax Advisors, 6 May 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, No. 49, p. 257....V530 2870-PSExecutory decree for law about repeal of Naturalization and Adjudication of German Citizenship, 26 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 538....V530 2871-PSLaw governing elections to Reichstag, 7 March 1936. 1936 Reichsgesetzblatt, No. 19, p. 133....V532 2872-PSFourth decree relative to Reich Citizen Law of 25 July 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 969.....V533 2873-PSSecond decree allotting to Implementation of Law on change of first and family names, 17 August 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1044....V534 2874-PSFifth decree to law relating to Reich Citizenship, 27 September 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, No. 165, p. 1403...V535 2875-PSDecree on exclusion of Jews from German economic life, 12 November 1938.....V536 2876-PSTenth decree relating to Reich Citizenship Law, 4 July 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1097...V537 2877-PSPolice decree concerning "marking" of Jews, 1 September 1941. 1941
I, No. 165, p. 1403...V535 2875-PSDecree on exclusion of Jews from German economic life, 12 November 1938.....V536 2876-PSTenth decree relating to Reich Citizenship Law, 4 July 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1097...V537 2877-PSPolice decree concerning "marking" of Jews, 1 September 1941. 1941 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, No. 100, p. 547....V539 2881-PSHitler's speech of 12 April 1922, quoted in Adolf Hitler's Speeches, published by Dr. Ernst Boepple, Munich, 1934, pp. 20-21, 72....V548 2893-PSArticle: "Dr. Frick and the Unity of the Reich" by Walter Koerber, published in Our Reich Cabinet, Berlin, 1936, p. 87....V562 2894-PSGeneral Decree of September 10, 1935 on establishment of separate Jewish schools published in Documents of German Politics, 1937, p. 152....V562 2904-PSThe Racial Problem and the New Reich, published in The National Socialist Monthly, No. 38, May 1933, pp. 196-7....V570 2984-PSLaw concerning armed forces, 21 May 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I....V686 *3054-PS"The Nazi Plan", script of a motion picture composed of captured German film. (USA 167)....V801 8. RESHAPING OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF YOUTH A. The Nazi conspirators reshaped the educational system. (1) The Nazi conspirators publicly announced the purposes of their educational and training program. Hitler stated at Elbing, Germany: "When an opponent declares, 'I will not come over to your side, and you will not get me on your side,' I calmly say, 'Your child belongs to me already. A people lives forever. What are you? You will pass on. Your descendants however now stand in the new camp. In a short time they will know nothing else but this new community'." (2455-PS) Hitler said on 1 May 1937: "The Youth of today is ever the people of tomorrow. For this reason we have set before ourselves the task of innoculating our youth with the spirit of this community of the people at a very early age, at an age when human beings are still unperverted and therefore unspoiled. * * * This Reich stands, and it is building itself up for the future, upon its youth. And this new Reich will give its youth to no one, but will itself take youth and give to youth its own education and its own upbringing." (2454-PS) The first sentence in the official instructors manual for high schools
* * This Reich stands, and it is building itself up for the future, upon its youth. And this new Reich will give its youth to no one, but will itself take youth and give to youth its own education and its own upbringing." (2454-PS) The first sentence in the official instructors manual for high schools reads: "The German school is a part of the National Socialist Educational order. It is its obligation to form the national socialistic personality in cooperation with the other educational powers of the nation, but by its distinctive educational means." (2453-PS) Hitler stated in Mein Kampf: "On this basis the whole education by the National State must aim primarily not at the stuffing with mere knowledge, but at the building up of bodies which are physically healthy to the core. The development of intellectual faculties comes only after this." (2392-PS) (2) They transferred responsibility for education from the states to the Reich. The Reich Ministry of Education was established, and control of all schools, public and private, including universities and adult educational activities, was transferred to this Reichsministry (2078-PS; 2088-PS). The control of education by the local authorities was replaced by the absolute authority of the Reich in all educational matters. (2393-PS) (3) They changed the curricula and textbooks. Kindergarten: Children from two to six years were trained in more than 15,000 Kindergartens operated by the Party and State. The teachers in charge were trained in special schools that emphasized the ideological views of the Nazi Party. The children were given a systematic training in Nazi ideology. (2443-PS; 2441-PS) Elementary schools: Primary emphasis was placed on physical training. History, German race culture and mathematics were the other subjects emphasized. These subjects were taught in such a way as to emphasize the cultural superiority of the German people, the importance of race, the Fuehrer principle, glorification of German war heroes, the subversive elements that caused the defeat of Germany in World War I, the shame of the Versailles Treaty, and the rebirth of Germany under the Nazis. (2392-PS; 2397-PS; 2441-PS; 2394-PS) In addition to education in the schools all children from six to ten
Fuehrer principle, glorification of German war heroes, the subversive elements that caused the defeat of Germany in World War I, the shame of the Versailles Treaty, and the rebirth of Germany under the Nazis. (2392-PS; 2397-PS; 2441-PS; 2394-PS) In addition to education in the schools all children from six to ten years were registered in the Kindergruppen (Children's Groups) conducted by the National Socialist Frauenschaft (National Socialist Women's Organization). All children were required to obtain an efficiency record card and uniform and were instructed in Nazi ideology by the members of the Women's Organization. (2441-PS; 2452-PS) High Schools (Hoeheren Schule): The curricula and organization of the Hoeheren School was modified by a series of decrees of the Minister of Education in order to make these schools effective instruments for the teaching of the Nazi doctrines. A new curricula emphasizing physical training, German war history, and race culture was introduced. (2453-PS) Universities: The schools of politics and physical education became the largest colleges at the universities. Beginning in 1933 the Nazis introduced courses in heredity and race culture, ancient and modern German history, biology and geopolitics. (2443-PS; 2441-PS) Textbooks in the schools were changed to accord with the expressed objectives of the Nazi conspirators. (2446-PS; 2442-PS; 2444-PS; 2445-PS) (4) The Nazi conspirators acquired domination and control over all teachers. The law for the reestablishing of the professional civil service made it possible for the Nazi conspirators thoroughly to reexamine all German teachers and to remove all "harmful and untrustworthy" elements (1397-PS; 2392-PS). Many teachers and professors (mostly Jewish) were dismissed and were replaced with "State spirited" teachers (2392-PS). All teachers were required to take an oath of loyalty and obedience to Hitler (2061-PS). All teachers were required to belong to the National Socialist Lehrerbund (National Socialist Teachers League), which organization was charged with the training of all teachers in the theories and doctrines of the NSDAP. (2452-PS) In 1934 the National Socialist Teachers League was declared to be the official organ of German education. (2393-PS) The
Socialist Lehrerbund (National Socialist Teachers League), which organization was charged with the training of all teachers in the theories and doctrines of the NSDAP. (2452-PS) In 1934 the National Socialist Teachers League was declared to be the official organ of German education. (2393-PS) The Civil Service Act of 1937 required the teachers to be "the executors of the will of the party-supported State." It required them to be ready at "any time to defend without reservation the National Socialist State." The law required the teachers to participate strenuously in elections, have thorough knowledge of Party principles and literature, render the Hitler Salute, send their children to the Hitler Youth, and educate them in the Nazi spirit (2340-PS). Before taking their second examination (required for permanent appointment), teachers in Prussia were required to show service in the SA and in the Arbeitsdienst (Labor Service) (2392-PS). Candidates for teaching and other public positions were required to have "proved themselves" in the Hitler Jugend (2451-PS; 2900-PS). Teachers' academies were judged by the Minister of Education on their ability to turn out men and women with new ideas "based on blood and soil". (2394-PS) The leadership principle replaced the democratic school principle. A decree of the Reich Minister of Education made the head of any school fully responsible for the conduct of the institution in line with the official party ideology. Teachers committees and Student Committees were abolished (2393-PS; 2392-PS). A "confidential instructor," the school youth warden of the Hitler Jugend, appointed by the Hitler Youth authorities, was assigned to each school (2396-PS). The "Parents Advisory Committees" in the public schools were dissolved, and replaced by the "School Communities," (Schulgemeinde). The headmaster was the leader. He appointed, after consultation with the local party leader, two to five teachers or parents, known as "Jugendwalter," (Youth Advisors) and one Hitler Youth leader, who was appointed after consultation with the Hitler Youth officials in the district (2399-PS). The duties of the "School Community" were to bring to the attention of the public the educational objectives of the Nazi Party, including race questions, heredity indoctrination,
(Youth Advisors) and one Hitler Youth leader, who was appointed after consultation with the Hitler Youth officials in the district (2399-PS). The duties of the "School Community" were to bring to the attention of the public the educational objectives of the Nazi Party, including race questions, heredity indoctrination, physical training, and the Youth League activities. The function of advising the school authorities, formerly performed by the "Parents Advisory Committees," was eliminated by the decree. (2399-PS) Universities: The Leadership Principle was introduced into the universities. The Rektor (head of the university) was appointed by the Reich Minister of Education for an unspecified period of time and was responsible only to the Reichs Minister. The University was divided into the Dozentenschaft (Lecturers Corps) and the Studentenschaft (Student Corps). The leaders of these two bodies were also appointed by the Reichsminister of Education (2394-PS). The teaching staff of the university was subject to the control of the National Socialist Dozentenbund (NSDoB) (Nazi Association of University Lecturers). The purposes of the NSDoB were: (a) to take a decisive part in the selection of lecturers and to produce candidates for the teaching staff who were wholly Nazi in their outlook. (b) to train all university lecturers in Nazi ideology, (c) to see that the entire university life was run in accordance with the philosophy of the Party. (2452-PS; 318-PS) All German students at the universities were required to belong to the Studentenschaft (Student Corps) (2084-PS). The Student Corps was responsible for making the students conscious of their duties to the Nazis, and was obliged to promote enrollment in the SA and labor service. Physical training of students was the responsibility of the SA. Political education was the responsibility of the National-Socialistische Deutsche Studentenbund (NSDStB), (National Socialist German Student Bund) (2458-PS). The National Socialist Student Bund (NSDStB) was the Nazi "elite" of the student body and was responsible for the leadership of the university students, and all leaders of the Student Corps were appointed from its membership. The Nazi Student Bund was solely responsible for the entire