dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
in the catalogue together with reproductions, and this is a definite proof of the penetration of the East by the German Cultural urge." (1233-PS) C. Nature, Extent, and Value of Property Seized. Virtually the entire art possession of Poland, private as well as public, was seized by the General Government (1233-PS). In a catalogue of the more important works of art seized by the General Government, paragraph 1 of the Foreword contains the following admission:
"On the basis of the decree of the General Governor for the Occupied Polish Territories of December 16, 1939, the Special Delegate for the Safeguarding of Treasures of Art and Culture was able in the course of six months to secure almost the entire art treasure of the country, with one single exception: the Flemish Gobelin series from the castle in Cracow. According to the latest information, these are kept in France, so that it will be possible to secure them eventually." (1233-PS)
The nature and extent of materials seized by the General Government is indicated in Document 1709-PS. The document mentions: those of primary importance ("Reich-important"), and those of secondary importance. Articles of primary importance, totaling 521 separate objects, are also set forth in a descriptive catalogue. (1233-PS)
The articles catalogued include paintings by German, Italian, Dutch, French, and Spanish masters, rare illustrated books, Indian and Persian miniatures, woodcuts, the famous Veit-Stoss hand-carved alter, handicraft articles of gold and silver, antique furniture, articles of crystal, glass and porcelain, tapestries, antique weapons, rare cons, and medals
articles catalogued include paintings by German, Italian, Dutch, French, and Spanish masters, rare illustrated books, Indian and Persian miniatures, woodcuts, the famous Veit-Stoss hand-carved alter, handicraft articles of gold and silver, antique furniture, articles of crystal, glass and porcelain, tapestries, antique weapons, rare cons, and medals. The objects were seized from both public and private sources, including the National Museum in Cracow and the National Museum in Warsaw, the cathedrals of Warsaw and Lublin, a number of churches and monasteries, the Chateau of the Kings in Warsaw, university and other libraries, and a large number of private collections of the Polish nobility (1709-PS)
Items placed in the second category are of the same nature as those placed in category I. Approximately 500 separate items are catalogued, many of the items including a large number of separate objects treated under a single catalogue heading. (1709-PS)
The value of the objects seized from 22 collections is stated to be 9,437,000 Zloty. The materials referred to are only a portion of those selected as being of secondary importance. No valuation is given as to the balance of the items of secondary importance or as to the 521 objects selected as being of primary importance. (1709-PS)
D. Evidence That Seizures Were Not Merely for Protective Purposes.
In Dr. Posse's report (1600-PS), a number of items are referred to which may be found in the catalogue of art objects "made secure" (1233-PS)
"I was able to gain some knowledge on the public and private collections as well as clerical property in Cracow and Warsaw
Were Not Merely for Protective Purposes. In Dr. Posse's report (1600-PS), a number of items are referred to which may be found in the catalogue of art objects "made secure" (1233-PS) "I was able to gain some knowledge on the public and private collections as well as clerical property in Cracow and Warsaw. It is true that we cannot hope too much to enrich ourselves from the acquisition of great Art works, of paintings and sculptures, with the exception of the Veit-Stoss alter and the plates of Hans von Kulmbach in the Church of Maria in Cracow, the Raphael, Leonardo and Rembrandt from the collection Czartoryski, and several other works from the National Museum in Warsaw, * * * works of a rather high value of whose existence we in Germany had already Known. Richer and more extensive is the Polish stock of objects d' art', such as handicraft in gold and silver, of German origin to a large part, particularly from the Church of Maria and the Cathedral of Wawel, tapestries, arms, porcelains, furniture, bronzes, coins, valuable parchment scrips, books, etc. * * *"
"As I said before, I shall not be able to make proposals regarding the distribution as long as an inventory of the entire material does not exist. However, I should like to reserve for the museum at Linz the three most important paintings of the Czartoryski collection, namely the Raphael, Leonardo and Rembrandt which are at present in the Kaiser-Frederick Museum in Berlin
distribution as long as an inventory of the entire material does not exist. However, I should like to reserve for the museum at Linz the three most important paintings of the Czartoryski collection, namely the Raphael, Leonardo and Rembrandt which are at present in the Kaiser-Frederick Museum in Berlin. We in Dresden are particularly interested in the interior decorations of the castle of the Kings in Warsaw since Saxonian architects and artists have created them; therefore, the suggestion is made that the salvaged parts of it (panellings, doors, inlaid floors, sculptures, mirrors, glasschandeliers, porcelains, etc.) be used for the interior decoration of the Pavillion of the 'Zivinges' in Dresden." (1600-PS)
The following items listed in the above report are also listed in the catalogue
Item					Catalog No.
Veit-Stoss Altar.......................241
Hans Vol Kulmbach Works.................22
Raphael................................141
Leonardo...............................134
Rembrandt...............................81
Church of Maria Handicraft...262-265, 279, 280
From Jagellonic Library....166, 167, 186, 199, 203, 206, 209, 202, 212, 215-224
(See 1233-PS, 1600-PS.)
Appendix 8 of Document 1709-PS lists a large number of objects which were turned over to Architect Koettgen. The items listed include, in addition to paintings, tapestries, etc., plates, dishes, cups and saucers, vases, cream pitchers, glasses, a bread basket, a service tray, and other items of table service. These objects were turned over to Architect for the purpose of furnishing the Castle at Cracow and Schloss Kressendorf for the Governor. (1709-PS)
A number of objects were transported out of Poland and placed in Berlin in the Depot of the Special Deputy or in the safe of the Deutsche Bank (1709-PS)
of table service. These objects were turned over to Architect for the purpose of furnishing the Castle at Cracow and Schloss Kressendorf for the Governor. (1709-PS) A number of objects were transported out of Poland and placed in Berlin in the Depot of the Special Deputy or in the safe of the Deutsche Bank (1709-PS). Items at this location are also listed in the catalog (1233-PS) as numbers 4, 17, 27, 35, 42, 45, 47, 51, 138, 141, 145, and 148.
Thirty-one sketches by Durer were taken from the collection Lubomierski in Lemberg:
"The Special Deputy has personally handed over these sketches in July 1941 to the Reichsmarshal who took them to the Fuehrer at headquarters where they remain at the present time. On express direction of the Fuehrer they will stay in his possession for the time being." (1709-PS)
All art objects seized were screened for those which were important from the German point of view:
"The Reich-important pieces were collected in a catalogue of the so called 'First Choice'. One copy of this catalogue has been submitted to the Fuehrer who reserved to himself the first decision as to location and use of the art objects of the 'First Choice'" (1709-PS)
Dr. Muehlmann, the "Special Deputy for the Safeguarding of Art Treasures" in the General Government, has confirmed that it was the policy and purpose of the art seizure program to confiscate the art treasures and to retain them for the benefit of Germany:
"I confirm, that it was the official policy of the Governor General, Hans Frank, to take into custody all important art treasures, which belonged to Polish public institutions, private collections and the Church
the art seizure program to confiscate the art treasures and to retain them for the benefit of Germany: "I confirm, that it was the official policy of the Governor General, Hans Frank, to take into custody all important art treasures, which belonged to Polish public institutions, private collections and the Church. I confirm, that the art treasures, mentioned, were actually confiscated, and it is clear to me,  that they would not have remained in Poland in case of a German victory, but that they would have been used to complement German artistic property." (3043-PS)
LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE PLUNDER OF ART TREASURES
Document	Description		Vol.	Page
Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6 (b)....I	5
International Military Tribunal, Indictment Number 1, Sections III; VIII (E)....I	15,43
3737-PS		Hague Convention of 1907 respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Annex Articles 46, 47, 56....VI	597, 599
Note: A single asterisk (*) before a document indicates that the document was received in evidence at the Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**) before a document number indicates that the document was referred to during the trial but was not formally received in evidence, for the reason given in parentheses following the description of the document. The USA series number, given in parentheses following the description of the document, is the official exhibit number assigned by the court.
*015-PS		letter and report of Rosenberg to Hitler, 16 April 1943, concerning seizure of ownerless Jewish art possessions. (USA 387).....III	41
035-PS		Report, 26 October 1943, regarding security measures by Main division Ukraine during withdrawal of Armed Forces.....III		75
055-PS		Report, 12 September 1944, concerning works of art shipped from the Ukraine.......III	99
*071-PS		Rosenberg letter to Bormann, 23 April 1941, replying to Bormann's letter of 19 April 1941 (Document 072-PS)
October 1943, regarding security measures by Main division Ukraine during withdrawal of Armed Forces.....III 75 055-PS Report, 12 September 1944, concerning works of art shipped from the Ukraine.......III 99 *071-PS Rosenberg letter to Bormann, 23 April 1941, replying to Bormann's letter of 19 April 1941 (Document 072-PS). (USA 371).....III	119
*090-PS		Letter from Rosenberg to Schwarz, 28 January 1941, concerning registration and collection of art treasures. (USA 372).....III	148
*136-PS		Certified copy of Hitler Order, 29 January 1940, concerning establishment of "Hohe Schule". (USA 367).....III	184
*137-PS		Copy of Order from Keitel to Commanding General of Netherlands, 5 July 1940, to cooperate with the Einsatizstab Rosenberg. (USA 379)....III	185
183-PS		Commanding General of France, 17 September 1940, to cooperate with the Einsatzstab Rosenberg....III	186
139-PS		Reineke order, 10 October 1940, concerning instructions to be given to Military Administration in Belgium to cooperate with Einsatzstab Rosenberg....III	187
140-PS		Reineke order, 30 October 1940, supplementing order of 17 September 1940 (Document 138-PS).....III	187
*141-PS		Goering Order, 5 November 1940, concerning seizure of Jewish art treasures. (USA 368).....III	188
*145-PS		Order signed by Rosenberg, 20 August 1941, concerning safeguarding the cultural goods in the Occupied Eastern Territories (USA 373)....III	189
*149-PS		Hitler Order, 1 March 1942, establishing authority of Einsatzstab Rosenberg. (USA 369).....III	190
151-PS		Rosenberg Order, 7 April 1942, concerning safeguarding of cultural goods, research material and Scientific Institutions in Occupied Eastern Territories....III	191
*153-PS		Rosenberg Order, 27 April 1942, for formation of central unit for seizure of art treasures in occupied Eastern Territories. (USA 381)....III	192
*154-PS		Letter from Lammers to high State and Party authorities, 5 July 1942, confirming Rosenberg's powers
Scientific Institutions in Occupied Eastern Territories....III 191 *153-PS Rosenberg Order, 27 April 1942, for formation of central unit for seizure of art treasures in occupied Eastern Territories. (USA 381)....III 192 *154-PS Letter from Lammers to high State and Party authorities, 5 July 1942, confirming Rosenberg's powers. (USA 370)....III	193
*158-PS		Message, 1 June 1944, initialed Utikal, Chief of Einsatzstab, concerning missions in Hungary. (USA 382).....III	199
*159-PS		Message, 6 June 1944, initialed Utitkal, Chief of Einsatzstab, concerning missions in Denmark and Norway. (USA 380)....III	199
*171-PS		Undated report on the Jewish Question" by the Hohe Schule District Office. (USA 383)...III	200
*176-PS		Report on Einsatzstab Rosenberg, Working Group Netherlands, signed Schimmer. (USA 707)....III	203
707-PS		Letters, June-October 1943 concerning evacuation of the museum of Charkow......III	516
1015-B-PS	Report on activities of Special Staff for Pictorial Art, October 1940 to July 1944....III	666
*1015-I-PS	Letter from Goering to Rosenberg, 30 May 1942. (USA 385).....III	670
1015-GG-PS	Inventory of art objects - attached to a report (Document 1015-B-PS).....III	671
1099-PS		Letter from Kube, General Commissar White Ruthenia, to Rosenberg, 28 September 1941....III	781
1107-PS		Office memorandum, 17 May 1944, in Rosenberg Ministry concerning the Wehrmacht's function in removing treasures from the USSR...III	789
1109-PS		Note signed by Dr. Ullman, 17 June 1944, concerning Bolshevic Atrocity Propaganda......III	791
*1117-PS	Goering Order, 1 May 1941 concerning establishment of Einsatzstab Rosenberg in all Occupied Territories. (USA 384)....III	793
1118-PS		Letter from Rosenberg to Goering, 18 June 1942, and related correspondence......III	793
*1233-PS	Printed catalog undated, concerning secured objects of art in the Government General (Poland). (USA 377)....III		850
*1600-PS	Bormann correspondence, 1940-1941,concerning confiscation of religious art treasures
793 1118-PS Letter from Rosenberg to Goering, 18 June 1942, and related correspondence......III 793 *1233-PS Printed catalog undated, concerning secured objects of art in the Government General (Poland). (USA 377)....III 850 *1600-PS Bormann correspondence, 1940-1941,concerning confiscation of religious art treasures. (USA 690)......IV		128
*1709-PS	Report of Special Delegate for art seizures, July 1943. (USA 378)....IV		211
*1773-PS	Decree on sequestration of property of former Polish State in the General Government, 15 November 1939, published in The Law of the General Government, pp.E810, E845, E846. (USA 376)....IV	346
*2523-PS	Account of conversation between Goering and Bunjes. (USA 783)....V	258
*3042-PS	Affidavit of Dr. Kajetan Muehlmann, 19 November 1945. (USA 375)......V		754
3766-PS		Report prepared by the German Army in France 1942 concerning removal of French art objects through the German Embassy and the Einsatzstab Rosenberg in France.....VI	646
3814-PS		Correspondence between Hans Frank, Lammers and various witnesses to the conduct of Frank, February 1945....VI	739
*L-188		Report of 8 August 1944, on confiscation up to 31 July 1944. (USA 386)......VII		1022
R-143		Himmler decree, 1 December 1939, concerning procedure for confiscation of works of art, archives, and documents......VIII	246
Chapter XIII
Contents
Chapter XV Part 1
USA v. Pohl et. al - Document No. 1451
TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NO-1451
PROSECUTION EXHIBIT 21
HIMMLER'S ORDER, 20 APRIL 1939, ESTABLISHING THE "MAIN OFFICE 
ADMINISTRATION AND
ECONOMY
"
*
ALSO KNOWN AS "ADMINISTRATIVE AND 
ECONOMIC MAIN OFFICE"
Copy
Distributor 4a
Berlin, 4/20/1939
The Reich Leader SS and Chief of the German Police
Subject: Establishment of a New Main Office.
1. With effect from 3 April 1939 the Office of the Administrative Chief of the SS will be raised to the status of Main Office in the Reich Leadership.
2. The new Main Office will be called: "Main Office Administration and Economy" abbreviated: "V and W Main Office".
3. The Administrative and Economic Main Office is a main office like the other Main Offices of the Reich Leadership SS (SS Main Office, SD Main Office, Race and Settlement Main Office, Constabulary Police [Ordnungspolizei] Main Office, and Security Police Main Office).
4. The chief of the Administrative and Economic Main Office in the Reich Leadership SS will at the same time be chief of the Main Office Budget and Buildings of the Reich Leader SS and chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior (Ministerialdirektor). His activities as such will be dependent on the organization of the work of the office. The tasks of the SD connected with politics and intelligence service will not be affected (Administration and Economy).
The Reich Leader SS
[Signed] H. HIMMLER
Certified true copy:
BY ORDER OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE CHIEF OF THE SS
[Signature illegible]
SS Obersturmfuehrer and Adjutant
[Stamp] SS Race and Settlement Main Office
No...........19 April 1939
*
See testimony of defendant Pohl, pp. 319 to 334, concerning period prior to this reorganization of the office of the administrative chief of the SS.
Back
Source:
Trials of the War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No
and Settlement Main Office No...........19 April 1939 * See testimony of defendant Pohl, pp. 319 to 334, concerning period prior to this reorganization of the office of the administrative chief of the SS. Back Source: Trials of the War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10
Nuernberg October 1946-April 1949
Volume V
Washington, DC : Government Printing Office, 1950
Nuremberg War Crimes Trial Page
The Pohl Case
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USA v. Pohl et. al - The Indictment I. Indictment The United States of America, by the undersigned Telford Taylor, Chief of Counsel for War Crimes, duly appointed to represent said Government in the prosecution of war criminals, charges that the defendants herein participated in a common design or conspiracy to commit and did commit war crimes and crimes against humanity, as defined in Control Council Law No. 10 , duly enacted by the Allied Control Council on 20 December 1945. These crimes included murders, brutalities, cruelties, tortures, atrocities, deportations, enslavement, forced labor, plunder of property, and other inhumane and unlawful acts, as set forth in counts one, two, and three of this indictment. All but one of the defendants herein are further charged with membership in a criminal organization; as set forth in count four of this indictment. The persons accused as guilty of these crimes and accordingly named as defendants in this case are OSWALD POHL- Obergruppenfuehrer in the Schutzstaffeln der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei (commonly known as the "SS") and General of the Waffen SS (Lieutenant General); Chief of the SS Economic and Administrative Main Department [Office] (SS Wirtschaftsund Verwaltungshauptamt, commonly known as "WVHA") and chief of Division W of the WVHA. AUGUST FRANK - Obergruppenfuehrer in the SS and General of the Waffen SS (Lieutenant General); Deputy Chief of the WVHA and chief of Division A of the WVHA. GEORG LOERNER - Gruppenfuehrer in the SS and Generalleutnant of the Waffen SS (Major General); Deputy Chief of the WVHA, chief of Division B of the WVHA, and deputy chief of Division W of the WVHA. HEINZ KARL FANSLAU - Brigadefuehrer in the SS and Generalmajor of the Waffen SS (Brigadier General); chief of Division A of the WVHA. HANS LOERNER - SS Oberfuehrer (Senior Colonel) and chief of Office I of Division A of the WVHA. JOSEF VOGT - SS Standartenfuehrer (Colonel) and chief of Office IV of Division A of the WVHA. ERWIN TSCHENTSCHER - SS Standartenfuehrer (Colonel); deputy chief of Division B and chief of Office I of Division B of the WVHA. RUDOLF SCHEIDE - SS Standartenfuehrer (Colonel) and chief of office V of Division B of the WVHA. MAX KIEFER - SS
IV of Division A of the WVHA. ERWIN TSCHENTSCHER - SS Standartenfuehrer (Colonel); deputy chief of Division B and chief of Office I of Division B of the WVHA. RUDOLF SCHEIDE - SS Standartenfuehrer (Colonel) and chief of office V of Division B of the WVHA. MAX KIEFER - SS Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) and chief of Office II of Division C of the WVHA. FRANZ EIRENSCHMALZ - SS Standartenfuehrer (Colonel) and chief of Office VI of Division C of the WVHA. KARL SOMMER - SS Sturmbannfuehrer (Major) and deputy chief of Office II of Division D of the WVHA. HERMANN POOK - Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) of the Waffen SS and chief dentist of the WVHA, of Office III, Division D. HANS HEINRICH BAIERSS - Oberfuehrer (Senior Colonel) and Amtschef Stab (executive officer) of Division W of the WVHA. HANS HOHBERG - Amtschef Stab (executive officer) of Division W of the WVHA. LEO VOLKSS - Hauptsturmfuehrer (Captain), personal adviser (Persoenlicher Referent) on Pohl's staff, and head of legal section (Leiter der Rechtsabteilung) in the executive office of Division W of the WVHA. KARL MUMMENTHEY - SS Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) and chief of Office I of Division W of the WVHA. HANS BOBERMIN - SS Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) and chief of Office II of Division W of the WVHA. HORST KLEIN - SS Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) and chief of Office VIII of Division W of the WVHA. COUNT ONE - THE COMMON DESIGN OR CONSPIRACY 1. Between January 1933 and April 1945 all of the defendants herein, acting pursuant to a common design, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly did conspire and agree together and with each other and with divers other persons, to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity, as defined in Control Council Law No. 10, Article II . 2. Throughout the period covered by this indictment all of the defendants herein, acting in concert with each other and with others, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly were principals in, accessories to, ordered, abetted, took a consenting part in, and were connected with plans and enterprises involving the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity. 3. It was a part of the said common