dtufail/nuremberg-trials-corpus huggingface dataset:
3272-PSStatement of Rupert Mayer, 13 October 1945.....V1061 3273-PSStatement of Lutheran Pastor, Friedrich Kaufmann, Salzburg, 23 October 1945.....V1064 *3274-PSPastoral letter of Austrian Bishops read in all churches, 14 October 1945. (USA 570)....V1067 *3278-PSReport on fighting of National Socialism in Apostolic Administration of Innsbruck-Feldkirch of Tyrol and Vorarlberg by Bishop Paulus rusch, 27 June 1945 and attached list of church institutions there which were closed, confiscated or suppressed. (USA 569)....V1070 *3279-PSExtract from Charge No. 17 against Hans Frank submitted by Polish Government to International Military Tribunal. (USA 574)....V1078 *3280-PSExtract from Papal Encyclical "Mit Brennender Sorge", set forth in Appendix II, p. 524, of "The Persecution of the Catholic Church in the Third Reich". (USA 567)....V1079 3280-A-PSConcordat between the Holy See and the German Reich. Reichsgesetzblatt, Part II, p. 679....V1080 *3387-PSHitler Reichstag speech, 23 March 1933, asking for adoption of Enabling Act, from Voelkischer Beobachter, 24 March 1933, p. 1. (USA 566)....VI104 *3389-PSFulda Declaration of 28 March 1933, from Voelkischer Beobachter, 29 March 1933, p. 2. (USA 566)...VI105 3433-PSLaw concerning the Constitution of the German Protestant Church, 14 July 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 471....VI136 3434-PSLaw concerning procedure for decisions in legal affairs of the Protestant Church, 26 June 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 774....VI143 3435-PSFirst Ordinance for Execution of Law concerning procedure for decisions in legal affairs of the Protestant Church, 3 July 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 851....VI144 3436-PSLaw for Safeguarding of German Protestant Church, 24 September 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1178....VI145 3437-PSFifth Decree for execution of law for safeguarding of the German Protestant Church, 2 December 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1370....VI146 3439-PSFifteenth decree for the Execution of law for Security of German Protestant Church, 25 June 1937. 1937 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 697....VI147 3466-PSDecree to unite the competences of Reich and Prussia in Church Affairs, 16 July 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1029....VI168 3560-PSDecree
decree for the Execution of law for Security of German Protestant Church, 25 June 1937. 1937 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 697....VI147 3466-PSDecree to unite the competences of Reich and Prussia in Church Affairs, 16 July 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 1029....VI168 3560-PSDecree concerning organization and administration of Eastern Territories, 8 October 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 2042....VI244 3561-PSDecree concerning the Administration of Occupied Polish Territories, 12 October 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, p. 2077....VI246 3701-PSProposal for Reichsleiter Bormann concerning speech of Bishop of Meunster on 3 August 1941....VI405 *3751-PSDiary of the German Minister of Justice, 1935 concerning prosecution of church officials and punishment in concentration camps. (USA 828; USA 858)....VI636 *D-75SD Inspector Bierkamp's letter, 12 December 1941, to RSHA enclosing copy of secret decree signed by Bormann, entitled Relationship of National Socialism and Christianity. (USA 348)....VI1035 *D-84Gestapo instructions to State Police Departments, 5 August 1937, regarding protective custody for Bible students. (USA 236)...VI1040 *EC-68Confidential letter from Minister of Finance and Economy, Baden, containing directives on treatment of Polish Farm workers, 6 March 1941. (USA 205)....VI260 *R-101-ALetter from Chief of the Security Police and Security Service to the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Folkdom, 5 April 1940, with enclosures concerning confiscation of church property. (USA 358)....VIII87 R-101-BLetter from Himmler to Dr. Winkler, 31 October 1940, concerning treatment of church property in incorporated Eastern countries....VIII89 *R-101-CLetter to Reich Leader SS, 30 July 1941, concerning treatment of church property in incorporated Eastern areas. (USA 358)....VIII91 *R-101-DLetter from Chief of Staff of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) to Reich Leader SS, 30 March 1942, concerning confiscation of church property. (USA 358).....VIII92 *R-103Letter from Polish Main Committee to General Government of Poland on situation of Polish workers in the Reich, 17 May 1944. (USA 204)....VIII104 *R-145State Police Order, 28 May 1934, at Duesseldorf, signed Schmid, concerning sanction of denominational youth and professional associations and
(USA 358).....VIII92 *R-103Letter from Polish Main Committee to General Government of Poland on situation of Polish workers in the Reich, 17 May 1944. (USA 204)....VIII104 *R-145State Police Order, 28 May 1934, at Duesseldorf, signed Schmid, concerning sanction of denominational youth and professional associations and distribution of publications in churches. (USA 745)...VIII248 7. ADOPTION AND PUBLICATION OF THE PROGRAM FOR PERSECUTION OF JEWS A. The official program of the NSDAP, proclaimed 24 February 1920 by Adolf Hitler at a public gathering in Munich. Point 4: "None but members of the nation (volksgenosse) may be citizens. None but those of German blood, whatever their creed, may be members of the nation. No Jew, therefore, may be a member of the nation." Point 5: "Anyone who is not a citizen may live in Germany only as a guest and must be regarded as being subject to legislation for foreigners." Point 6: "The right to determine matters concerning government and legislation is to be enjoyed by the citizen alone. We demand therefore that all appointments to public office, of whatever kind, whether in the Reich, Land, or municipality, be filled only by citizens. * * *" Point 7: "We demand that the state make it its first duty to promote the industry and livelihood of citizens. If it is not possible to nourish the entire population of the State, the members of foreign nations (non-citizens) are to be expelled from the Reich." Point 8: "Any further immigration of non-Germans is to be prevented. We demand that all non-Germans who entered Germany subsequent to 2 August 1914, shall be forced immediately to leave the Reich." Point 23: "We demand legal warfare against conscious political lies and their dissemination through the press. In order to make possible the creation of a German press we demand: (a) that all editors and collaborators of newspapers published in the German language be members of the nation. (b) non-German newspapers be requested to have express permission of the State to be published. They may not be printed in the German language. (c) non-Germans be prohibited by law from financial participation in or influence on German newspapers, and that as
the German language be members of the nation. (b) non-German newspapers be requested to have express permission of the State to be published. They may not be printed in the German language. (c) non-Germans be prohibited by law from financial participation in or influence on German newspapers, and that as penalty for contravention of the law such newspapers be suppressed and all non-Germans participating in it expelled from the Reich. * * *" (1708-PS) B. Development of ideological basis for anti-Semitic measures. Among the innumerable statements made by the leaders of the NSDAP are the following: Rosenberg advocated in 1920 the adoption of the following program concerning the Jews: "(1) The Jews are to be recognized as a (separate) nation living in Germany, irrespective of the religion they belong to. (2) A Jew is he whose parents on either side are nationally Jews. Anyone who has a Jewish husband or wife is henceforth a Jew. (3) Jews have no right to speak and write on or be active in German politics. (4) Jews have no right to hold public offices, or to serve in the Army either as soldiers or as officers. However, their contribution of work may be considered. (5) Jews have no right to be leaders of cultural institutions of the state and community (theaters, galleries, etc.) or to be professors and teachers in German schools and universities. (6) Jews have no right to be active in state or municipal commissions for examinations, control, censorship, etc. Jews have no right to represent the German Reich in economic treaties; they have no right to be represented in the directorate of state banks or communal credit establishments. (7) Foreign Jews have no right to settle in Germany permanently. Their admission into the German political community is to be forbidden under all circumstances. (8) Zionism should be energetically supported in order to promote the departure of German Jews-in numbers to be determined annually-to Palestine or generally across the border." (2842-PS) Rosenberg's "Zionism" was neither sincere nor consistent, for in 1921 he advocated breaking up Zionism, "which is involved in English-Jewish politics." (2432-PS). He advocated in 1921 the adoption by "all Germans" of the following
determined annually-to Palestine or generally across the border." (2842-PS) Rosenberg's "Zionism" was neither sincere nor consistent, for in 1921 he advocated breaking up Zionism, "which is involved in English-Jewish politics." (2432-PS). He advocated in 1921 the adoption by "all Germans" of the following slogans: "Get the Jews out of all parties. Institute measures for the repudiation of all citizenship rights of all Jews and half-Jews: banish all the Eastern Jews; exercise strictest vigilance over the native ones. * * *" (2432-PS) Frick and other Nazis introduced a motion in the Reichstag on 27 May 1924, "to place all members of the Jewish race under special laws." (2840-PS). Frick also asked in the Reichstag, on 25 August 1924, for the realization of the Nazi program by "exclusion of all Jews from public office." (2893-PS) C. Anti-Semitism was seized upon by the Nazi conspirators as a convenient instrument to unite groups and classes of divergent views and interests under one banner. Adolf Hitler described racial anti-Semitism as "a new creed for the masses" and its spreading among the German people as "the most formidable task to be accomplished by our movement." (2881-PS). Rosenberg called for the Zusammenraffen aller Deutschen zu einer stahlharten, voelkischen Einheitsfront" (gathering of all Germans into a steel-hard racial united front) on the basis of anti-Semitic slogans (2432-PS). Gotfried Feder, official commentator of the Nazi Party program, stated: "Anti-Semitism is in a way the emotional foundation of our movement." (2844-PS) There are innumerable admissions on the part of the Nazi leaders as to the part which their anti-Semitic propaganda played in their acquisition of control. The following statement concerning the purpose of racial propaganda was made by Dr. Walter Gross, director of the Office of Racial Policy of the Nazi Party: "In the years of fight, the aim was to employ all means of propaganda which promised success in order to gather people who were ready to overthrow, together with the Party, the harmful post-war regime and put the power into the hand of the Fuehrer and his collaborators. * * * In these years of fight the aim was purely political: I meant the overthrow of the regime and acquisition of power. * * * Within this great general task the
to overthrow, together with the Party, the harmful post-war regime and put the power into the hand of the Fuehrer and his collaborators. * * * In these years of fight the aim was purely political: I meant the overthrow of the regime and acquisition of power. * * * Within this great general task the education in racial thinking necessarily played a decisive part, because herein lies basically the deepest revolutionary nature of the new spirit." (2845-PS) In another official Nazi publication, recommended for circulation in all Party units and establishments, it is stated: "The whole treatment of the Jewish problem in the years prior to our seizure of power is to be regarded essentially from the point of view of the political education of the German people." (To disregard this angle of the use made of anti-Semitism means) "to disregard the success and aim of the work toward racial education." (2427-PS) D. After the acquisition of power the Nazi conspirators initiated a state policy of persecution of the Jews. (1) The first organized act was the boycott of Jewish enterprises on 1 April 1933. The boycott action was approved by all the defendants who were members of the Reichsregierung (Reich Cabinet), and Streicher was charged with its execution. Presented as an alleged act of "self defense", the boycott action was intended to frighten Jewish public opinion abroad and force it, by the threat of collective responsibility to all Jews in Germany, to desist from warning against the Nazi danger. (2409-PS; 2410-PS) The boycott was devised as a demonstration of the extent to which the Nazi Party controlled its members and the German masses; consequently, spontaneous action and physical violence were discouraged. Goebbels stated: "The national-socialist leadership had declared: 'The boycott is legal', and the government demands that the people permit that the boycott be carried out legally. We expect iron discipline. This must be for the whole world a wonderful show of unity and manly training. To those abroad who believe that we could not manage it, we want to show that we have the people in our hand." (2431-PS) (2) Laws eliminating Jews from various offices and functions. The Nazi conspirators legislative program was gradual
This must be for the whole world a wonderful show of unity and manly training. To those abroad who believe that we could not manage it, we want to show that we have the people in our hand." (2431-PS) (2) Laws eliminating Jews from various offices and functions. The Nazi conspirators legislative program was gradual and, in the beginning, relatively "moderate." In the first period, which dates from 7 April 1933 until September 1935, the laws eliminated Jews from public office and limited their participation in schools, certain professions, and cultural establishments. The following are the major laws issued in this period: Document No.DateReichsgesetzblatt pageTitle and gist of law Signed by 1397-PS7.4.33I.175Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums (Law for the reestablishment of the professional civil service), removing Jews from Civil Service.Hitler Frick Schwerin V. Krosigk 7.4.33I.188Gesetz uber die Zulassung zur Rechtsanwaltschaft (Law relating to admission to the Bar) removing Jews from the Bar.Guertner 2868-PS22.4.33I.217Gesetz betreffend die Zulassung zur Patentanwaltschaft (Law relating to the admission to the profession of patent agent and lawyer) excluding Jews from acting as patent attorneys.Hitler Guertner 2869-PS6.5.33I.257Gesetz uber die Zulassung von Steuerberatern (Law relating to the admission of Tax Advisors) eliminating "non-Aryans" from the profession of tax consultants.Hitler Schwerin V. Krosigk 2084-PS22.4.33I.215Gesetz uber die uberfullung deutscher Schullen (Law against the over-crowding of German schools and higher institutions) limiting drastically the number of Jewish students.Hitler Frick 2870-PS26.7.33I.538Verordnung zur Durchfuehrung des Gesetzes uber den Widerruf von Einbuergerungen (Executing decree for the law about the Repeal of Naturalizations and the adjudication of German citizenship) defining Jews from Eastern Europe as "undesirable" and subject to denationalization.Pfundtner (Asst. to Frick) 2083-PS4.10.33I.713Schriftleitergesetz (Editorial Law) barring "non-Aryans" and persons married to "non-Aryans" from the newspaper profession.Hitler Goebbels 2984-PS21.5.35 I.608Wehrgesetz (Law concerning Armed Forces) barring "non-Aryans" from military service. V. Blomberg On 10 September
(Asst. to Frick) 2083-PS4.10.33I.713Schriftleitergesetz (Editorial Law) barring "non-Aryans" and persons married to "non-Aryans" from the newspaper profession.Hitler Goebbels 2984-PS21.5.35 I.608Wehrgesetz (Law concerning Armed Forces) barring "non-Aryans" from military service. V. Blomberg On 10 September 1935, Minister of Education Rust issued a circular ordering the complete elimination of Jewish pupils from "Aryan" schools (2894-PS). This legislative activity, in addition to being the first step towards the elimination of the Jews, served an "educational" purpose and was a further test of the extent of control exerted by the Nazi Party and regime over the German masses. Dr. Achim Gercke, racial expert of the Ministry of the Interior, stated: "The laws are mainly educational and give direction. The aspect of the laws should not be underestimated. The entire nation is enlightened on the Jewish problem; it learns to understand that the national community is a blood community; it understands for the first time the racial idea, and is diverted from a too theoretical treatment of the Jewish problem and faced with the actual solution." (2904-PS) It was clear, however, that the Nazi conspirators had a far more ambitious program in the Jewish problem and put off its realization for reasons of expediency. In the words of Dr. Gercke: "Nevertheless the laws published thus far cannot bring a final solution of the Jewish problem, because the time has not yet come for it, although the decrees give the general direction and leave open the possibility of further developments. "It would be in every respect premature now to work out and publicly discuss plans to achieve more than can be achieved for the time being. However, one must point out a few basic principles so that the ideas which one desires and must have ripened will contain no mistakes. * * * "All suggestions aiming at a permanent situation, at a stabilization of the status of the Jews in Germany do not solve the Jewish problem, because they do not detach the Jews from Germany. * * * "Plans and programs must contain an aim pointing to the future and not merely consisting of the regulation of a momentarily uncomfortable situation." (2904-PS) (3)
of the status of the Jews in Germany do not solve the Jewish problem, because they do not detach the Jews from Germany. * * * "Plans and programs must contain an aim pointing to the future and not merely consisting of the regulation of a momentarily uncomfortable situation." (2904-PS) (3) Deprivation of Jews of their rights as citizens. After a propaganda barrage, in which the speeches and writings of Streicher were most prominent, the Nazi conspirators initiated the second period of anti-Jewish legislation (15 September 1935 to September 1938). In this period the Jews were deprived of their full rights as citizens (First Nurnberg Law) and forbidden to marry "Aryans" (Second Nurnberg Law). Further steps were taken to eliminate Jews from certain professions, and the groundwork was laid for the subsequent expropriation of Jewish property. These laws were hailed as the fulfillment of the Nazi Party program. The major laws issued in this period are listed below: Document No.Date Reichsgesetzblatt pageTitle and gist of lawSigned by 1416-PS15.9.35I 1145Reichsbuergergesetz (Reich Citizenship Law), first Nurnberg Law, reserving citizenship for subjects of German blood.Hitler Frick 2000-PS15.9.35 I 1146Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes, (Law for protection of German blood and German honor), forbidding marriages and extramarital relations between Jews and "Aryans".Hitler Frick Guertner Hess 1417-PS14.11.35I 1333Erste Verordnung zum Reichsbuergergesetz (First regulation to Reich citizenship law), defining the terms "Jew" and "part-Jew". Jewish officials to be dismissed.Hitler Frick Hess 2871-PS7.3.36I 133Gesetz ueber das Reichstagwahlrecht (Law governing elections to the Reichstag) barring Jews from Reichstag vote.Hitler Frick 1406-PS26.4.38I 414Verordnung ueber die Ammeldung des Vermogens von Juden (Decree for reporting Jewish owned property), basis for subsequent expropriation.Goering Frick 2872-PS25.7.38I 969Vierte Verordnung zum Reichsbuergergesctz. Fourth decree on the Citizenship Law, revoking licenses of Jewish physicians.Frick 2873-PS17.8.38I 1044Zweite Verordnung zur Durchfuhrung des Gesetzes ueber die Aenderung von Familiennamen und Vornamen (Second decree on law concerning change of first and last names), forcing Jews to adopt the names "Israel" and "Sara".Frick 2874-PS27.9.38I
Law, revoking licenses of Jewish physicians.Frick 2873-PS17.8.38I 1044Zweite Verordnung zur Durchfuhrung des Gesetzes ueber die Aenderung von Familiennamen und Vornamen (Second decree on law concerning change of first and last names), forcing Jews to adopt the names "Israel" and "Sara".Frick 2874-PS27.9.38I 1403Fuenfte Verordnung zum Reichsbuergergesetz. (Fifth decree to law relating to the Reich citizenship), revoking admission of Jewish lawyers. (4) Program of 9 November 1938 and elimination of Jews from economic life. In the autumn of 1938, within the framework of economic preparation for aggressive war and as an act of defiance to world opinion, the Nazi conspirators began to put into effect a program of complete elimination of the Jews. The measures taken were partly presented as retaliation against "world Jewry" in connection with the killing of a German embassy official in Paris. Unlike the boycott action in April, 1933, when care was taken to avoid violence, an allegedly "spontaneous" pogrom was staged and carried out all over Germany on orders of Heydrich. The organized character of the pogrom is also obvious from the admission of Heydrich and others at a meeting presided over by Goering at the Air Ministry in Berlin. (1816-PS) The legislative measures which followed were discussed and approved in their final form at a meeting on 12 November 1938 under the chairmanship of Goering, with the participation of Frick, Funk and others. The meeting was called following Hitler's orders "requesting that the Jewish questions be now, once and for all, coordinated and solved one way or another." The participants agreed on measures to be taken "for the elimination of the Jew from German economy." Other possibilities, such as the establishment of ghettos, stigmatization through special insignia, and "the main problem, namely to kick the Jew out of Germany", were also discussed. All these measures were later enacted as soon as conditions permitted. (1816-PS) The laws issued in this period were signed mostly by Goering, in his capacity as Deputy for the Four Year Plan, and were thus connected with the consolidation of control over German economy in preparation for aggressive war. The major laws issued in this period are listed below: Document