THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL OF SOUTH AFRICA
JUDGMENT

Not reportable
Case no: 705/2019
In the matter between
ANDRE PRETORIUS

Appellant
and
THE STATE

Respondent

Neutral citation:
Pretorius v The State (705/2019) [2020] ZASCA 47 (4 May 2020)

Coram:
Ponnan, Saldulker, Van der Merwe, Mokgohloa JJA and Matojane AJA

Delivered:
This judgment was handed down electronically by circulation to the parties'
representatives by email, publication on the Supreme Court of Appeal website and release to
SAFLII. The date and time for hand-down is deemed to be 10:00 am on 4 May 2020.

Summary:
Appeal to Supreme Court of Appeal against the refusal in a high court of a
petition seeking leave to appeal against a sentence imposed in a regional court – leave to appeal
to the high court should have been granted – merits of the appeal against sentence to be
determined by the high court.
__________________________________________________________________________________
ORDER
__________________________________________________________________________________

On appeal from:  Gauteng Division of the High Court, Pretoria (Louw and Baqwa JJ, sitting
as court of first instance):

(a)   The appeal succeeds.
(b)   The order refusing the appellant leave to appeal is set aside and is replaced with an order
granting the appellant leave to appeal to the High Court (Pretoria) against his conviction on
three counts of rape by the regional court.
___________________________________________________________________________
JUDGMENT
__________________________________________________________________________________

Ponnan JA (Saldulker, Van der Merwe and Mokgohloa JJA and Matojane AJA
concurring)

[1] On 13 September 2012 the appellant, Mr Andre Pretorius, was convicted by the
Regional Court, Pretoria of three counts of rape of his then step daughter. On 17 January 2013
the appellant was sentenced to an effective term of 18 years’ imprisonment. On 13 October
2013 the appellant sought leave from the regional magistrate to appeal to the High Court against

his conviction in each instance, which was refused. The appellant then petitioned the Judge
President of the Gauteng Division of the High Court, Pretoria in terms of s 309C of the Criminal
Procedure Act 51 of 1977 (the CPA) for leave to appeal. On 2 February 2016 the appellant’s
application was dismissed by Louw and Baqwa JJ. The appellant thereupon petitioned this
court for special leave to appeal in terms of s 16(1)(b) of the Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013
(the SCA), which succeeded on 10 June 2019 before the two judges of this court who
considered the application.

[2] It is necessary at the outset, to say something about the scope and ambit of the present
appeal. In S v Khoasasa,1 after a detailed analysis of the relevant provisions relating to appeals,
this court concluded that a refusal of leave to appeal by two judges of the high court constitutes
a ‘judgment or order’ of that court on appeal to it. Thus, where leave to appeal has been refused
by the high court circumstances such as these, the only order appealed against is the refusal of
leave and not the appeal on the merits, with the result that this court cannot, upon the granting
of special leave, decide the merits of an appeal that has not yet been considered by the High
Court.2

[3] It follows, that the issue to be decided presently is whether leave should have been
granted by Louw and Baqwa JJ, to the appellant, to appeal to the high court and not the appeal
itself. The test in this regard is this simply whether there is a reasonable prospect of success in
the envisaged appeal.3

1 S v Khoasasa 2003 (1) SACR 123 (SCA); [2002] 4 All SA 635 (SCA).
2 S v Matshona [2008] 4 All SA 68 (SCA); 2013 (2) SACR 126 (SCA).
3 S v Kriel 2012 (1) SACR (1) (SCA) para 12.

[4] In heads of argument filed with this court, it was contended on behalf of the appellant
that two key witnesses for the prosecution, the complainant and her friend, both of whom were
minors, had not been properly placed under oath or admonished to speak the truth in terms of
ss 162, 163 and 164 of the CPA. Accordingly, so it was contended, the testimony of both
witnesses lacked the status and character of evidence and was thus inadmissible.4 Moreover,
and in addition to the aforesaid point in limine, various misdirections on the part of the regional
magistrate were alluded, culminating in the submission that the court had erred in concluding
that the appellant was indeed guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

[5] That was met in the heads of argument filed by counsel for the State, as follows:
‘. . . There is a sound, rational basis for the conclusion that there are prospects of success on appeal in
respect of both the point in limine and whether on equal inspectors of the evidence as a whole the state
has proven its case beyond reasonable doubt.
. . .
It is therefore respectfully submitted that the appellant has made out a compelling case that he has
reasonable prospect of success on appeal.’
In my view, those concessions by counsel for the State were fairly and properly made.

[6] It remains to record that both counsel were agreed that this appeal could be disposed of
without the hearing of oral argument in terms of s 19(a) of the SCA.5

4 S v Matshivha 2014 (1) SACR 29 (SCA) paras 10 and 11.
5 Section 19(a) provides: ‘The Supreme Court of Appeal or a Division exercising appeal jurisdiction may, in
addition to any power as may specifically be provided for in any law - dispose of an appeal without the hearing
of oral argument.

[7] In the result:
(a)   The appeal succeeds.
(b)   The order refusing the appellant leave to appeal is set aside and is replaced with an order
granting the appellant leave to appeal to the High Court (Pretoria) against his conviction on
three counts of rape by the regional court.

_____________________
PONNAN JA
JUDGE OF APPEAL

Appearances

For appellant:
F van As

Instructed by:
Justice Centre Local Office, Pretoria
Justice Centre Local Office, Bloemfontein

For respondent:
AP Wilsenach

Instructed by:
Director of Public Prosecutions, Pretoria
Director of Public Prosecutions, Bloemfontein.