THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL OF SOUTH AFRICA
JUDGMENT

NOT REPORTABLE
Case no: 513/2013

In the matter between:

ANSAFON (PTY) LTD                                                                         FIRST APPELLANT

DIAMOND CORE RESOURCES (PTY) LTD                             SECOND APPELLANT

and

THE MASTER OF THE NORTHERN CAPE
DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT
OF SOUTH AFRICA
FIRST RESPONDENT

BRIAN ST CLAIR COOPER                                                      SECOND RESPONDENT

JOHAN ENGELBRECHT                                                               THIRD RESPONDENT

VINCENT MATSEPE                                                                  FOURTH RESPONDENT

GARY BOTHA                                                                                  FIFTH RESPONDENT

CHRIS EDLING                                                                                SIXTH RESPONDENT

JOHN WALKER                                                                        SEVENTH RESPONDENT

Neutral citation:
Ansafon (Pty) Ltd v The Master, Northern Cape Division (513/2013)
[2014] ZASCA 170 (14 November 2014)

Coram:
Mpati P, Maya, Majiedt and Pillay JJA and Gorven AJA

Heard:

14 November 2014
Delivered:

14 November 2014

Summary: Interpretation of a court order – whether interdictory or declaratory relief
appropriate in the circumstances.

___________________________________________________________________________

ORDER

On appeal from: Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley (Hughes-Madondo AJ
sitting as court of first instance):

The appeal is dismissed with costs save that paragraph 2 of the order of the
court below is altered as follows:
1.
By the deletion of the words „inclusive of the costs of the urgent
interlocutory application and the wasted costs of the postponement of the
taxation‟.
2.
By the addition of paragraph 3 as follows:
„3.
The respondents are directed to pay the costs of the urgent
interlocutory application and the costs of the application for
postponement jointly and severally, the one paying the others to be
absolved.‟

JUDGMENT

Gorven AJA (Mpati P, Maya, Majiedt and Pillay JJA concurring):

[1] The basic history of the matter is as follows. On 3 July 2009, Diamond
Core Resources (Pty) Ltd (Diamond Core) was placed in final liquidation. The
second and third respondents were appointed provisional liquidators. At the
time, Diamond Core was a wholly owned subsidiary of a Canadian company
which had a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, BRC-
Diamond Core Limited (the Canadian company). On 9 September 2009, at the
first meeting of creditors, the second and fifth respondents were appointed final

liquidators and the following day the third respondent was appointed a final
liquidator. On 4 December 2009 an agreement was concluded between the
Canadian company and Ansafon (Pty) Ltd (Ansafon) in terms of which Ansafon
purchased the entire shareholding of Diamond Core. After acquiring the
shareholding, Ansafon set about settling all legitimate debts owed by Diamond
Core to its creditors. During March 2010, after having done so, Ansafon applied
to set aside the liquidation of Diamond Core. During May 2010 the fifth
respondent was removed as a liquidator and the fourth respondent was
appointed in his stead. The application was argued on 9 June 2010.

[2] On 18 June 2010, the court below issued a rule nisi returnable on 27
September 2010 calling on interested parties to show cause why the liquidation
order should not be set aside. The further relief ordered by the high court which
is material to this appeal was as follows:
„THAT the applicant is directed, prior to the return day, to provide security in a form
acceptable to the Registrar of this Court in respect of:
2.1
. . .
2.2
The fair and reasonable administration fees and expenses of the joint liquidators
relating to the administration of the first respondent as determined by the Master of this
court.‟

[3] A memorandum relating to the determination of the security to be
provided for this aspect was prepared by the third respondent. On
1 September 2010, the Master determined the amount of security for this aspect
in the sum of R11 309 750. His determination was framed as follows:
„I hereby determine the amount of security to be provided by the applicant in respect of the
fair and reasonable administration fees and expenses of the joint liquidators relating to the
administration of the estate of Diamond Core Resources (Pty) Limited (in liquidation) to be
the sum of R11 309 750.00 . . . .‟

[4] As a result, Ansafon provided an irrevocable undertaking to pay the
administration fees and costs as determined by the Master. These were defined
in the undertaking as meaning „the taxed and allowed costs of administration,
provisionally estimated by the Master at R11 309 750 . . .‟. On the return day of
the rule nisi, an order was made by agreement which set aside the liquidation of
Diamond Core. A dispute arose over paragraph 5 of the consent order which
read:
„THAT Ansafon pay the fair and reasonable administration fees and expenses of the second
Respondent as determined by the Master of this court, but subject to review and subsequent
appeal, if any.‟

[5] On 9 March 2011, the second to seventh respondents submitted fee
accounts to the Master whose collective amount exceeded R32 million. A
further bill was subsequently submitted by the fifth respondent.

[6] An application was launched in the court below by Ansafon. The relief
sought was to interdict the Master from confirming the accounts submitted by
the liquidators and from determining the administration fees and expenses of the
liquidators. In addition, declaratory relief was sought to the effect that the
determination made by the Master on 1 September 2010 constituted the
determination referred to in paragraph 5 of the order and further orders relating
to how the fees of the liquidators should be determined.

[7] The court below dismissed the application with costs. It did not deal with
the interdict aspect but only with the declaratory relief after having dealt with an
initial application for postponement. It is against this order that Ansafon
appealed. The court below granted limited leave to appeal. Before us, Ansafon
sought, and was granted, leave to appeal on wider grounds than those granted
by the court below.

[8] The crisp issue on appeal is the interpretation of paragraph 5 of the order
of 27 September 2010. This resolves itself into whether or not the words „as
determined by the Master of this court‟ refer to a future determination or to that
of 1 September 2010 regarding the amount of security to be put up for the fair
and reasonable administrative fees and expenses of the joint liquidators.
Ansafon claims that the determination was made by the Master on
1 September 2010 and accordingly sought the interdict and declaratory relief.
The joint liquidators claim that a determination must still be made by the
Master.

[9] This court has recently said that the process of interpretation is objective
and „[t]he “inevitable point of departure is the language of the provision itself”
read in context and having regard to the purpose of the provision and the
background to the preparation and production of the document‟.1

[10] What is clear is the following. Ansafon undertook to pay an amount. The
amount was not specified. The manner of arriving at the amount was specified.
It was to be „as determined by the Master‟. A mechanism for reviewing or
appealing the determination was provided for. At the time the order was made,
the Master had issued a determination. The Master said that he had determined
„the amount of security to be provided by the applicant in respect of the fair and
reasonable administration fees and expenses of the joint liquidators relating to
the administration of the estate of Diamond Core‟. In doing so, he referred to an
annexure which set out the way he had arrived at the figure. This was not a
determination of the fees and expenses even though the amount of security took
what the Master knew about these at the time into account. The Master made no
determination after that date.

1 Natal Joint Municipal Pension Fund v Endumeni Municipality 2012 (4) SA 593 (SCA) para 18.

[11] There is no indication at all in the order that the determination had
already been made. The order embodies an agreement between the parties. They
were aware of the determination of 1 September 2010. It does not refer to this
determination. Instead, it uses precisely the same words as did paragraph 2.2 of
the order of 18 June 2010, being „as determined by the Master‟. This obviously
referred to a future determination. Where the same words were used in
paragraph 5 of the order of 27 September, Ansafon sought to contend that this
now referred to a past determination. The use of the same words suggests that,
as with the order of 18 June 2010, the Master had not by then determined what
he was required to. In addition, the order of 27 September refers to the fair and
reasonable administration fees and expenses whereas the Master had, on 1
September 2010, determined the amount of security, not the actual fees and
expenses. This is specifically what he said in his determination. If it was
intended that the amount of security was to be that which would be paid by
Ansafon, there is no reason why the specific amount was not included in the
order or reference made to the determination of 1 September 2010. This was not
done. In addition, if this were the case, there would have been no need to
provide for review or appeal. If the determination as agreed was already in
place, such a provision would have been redundant. A further indication that the
determination had not yet been made was contained in paragraph 8 of the
consent order which reads as follows:
„THAT Savage Jooste is instructed to disburse the funds so held by them upon agreement
between the parties, alternatively upon determination by the Master, or the court as the case
may be, of the amount due to the Second Respondent immediately.‟

[12] It is clear that this involved a future exercise. The appellants sought to
submit that the reference here to the Master is to the Taxing Master of the court
and not to the Master referred to in paragraph 5. It is clear that, in the context of
a liquidation and particularly after reference to the Master in paragraph 5 in

identical terms, if the taxing master had been intended, the language used would
not have been the same language as was used in paragraph 5.

[13] Still further, Ansafon itself, in putting up the irrevocable undertaking to
pay, defined liquidators‟ costs as being „the taxed and allowed costs of
administration, provisionally estimated by the Master at R11 309 750.00‟. This
shows that, even after the determination of 1 September, it was understood by
Ansafon that the determination was not a final one.

[14] The requirements for a final interdict have remained unchanged for 100
years. In Setlogelo v Setlogelo,2 Innes JA said:
„The requisites for the right to claim an interdict are well known; a clear right, injury actually
committed or reasonably apprehended, and the absence of similar protection by any other
ordinary remedy.‟

[15] No case was made out which deals with any of these apart, perhaps, from
asserting a clear right based on an interpretation of the court order of
27 September 2010.  No mention was made in the application of an injury
actually committed or reasonably apprehended nor was there mention of the
absence of protection by any other ordinary remedy. The latter is of great
importance, particularly because the order mentioned that the determination of
the Master would be subject to review or appeal.

[16] No case was made out on the papers why the liquidators should account
to Diamond Core. All that was said was that in law the liquidators are obliged to
account to the company. There was no indication that any demand was made or
a basis for such demand was laid prior to the application. Neither was there an
indication that such a demand was refused. The present application was clearly

2 Setlogelo v Setlogelo 1914 AD 221 at 227.

aimed at interdicting the Master from acting in accordance with paragraph 5 of
the order. There is no reason why the issue of an account should have been dealt
with by the court below.

[17] No basis was laid for the grant of the declaratory relief sought. As
indicated, the construction of paragraph 5 of the order requires the Master to
make a determination. This has yet to be done. An order had been granted by
consent. The fact that, in other situations, the Master does not determine fees
once a company has been taken out of liquidation does not in any way
invalidate that order. In any event, Ansafon does not seek to set aside paragraph
5 of the order but to interpret it in its favour. It has failed in contending for such
an interpretation. It is not necessary to deal with whether the Master can
determine the fees under the Companies Act 61 of 1973 since this is not the
basis on which the consent order was framed. The Master has been appointed to
make a determination and this court is not required to give guidance in this
regard.

[18] The one aspect in which there was agreement was that the costs order of
the court below was incorrect. The applicant should have been awarded the
interlocutory costs and that of a postponement of the taxation.

[19] In the result the appeal is dismissed with costs save that paragraph 2 of
the order of the court below is altered as follows:
1.
By the deletion of the words „inclusive of the costs of the urgent
interlocutory application and the wasted costs of the postponement of the
taxation‟.
2.
By the addition of paragraph 3 as follows:
„3.
The respondents are directed to pay the costs of the urgent
interlocutory application and the costs of the application for

postponement jointly and severally, the one paying the others to be
absolved.‟

_____ _____________
T R Gorven

Acting Judge of Appeal

Appearances

For Appellants:

D J Vetten

Instructed by:
Thomson Wilks Inc., Sandton
Webbers, Bloemfontein

For 2nd to 7th Respondents:
F H Terblanche SC

Instructed by: John Walker Attorney, Edenvale

Honey Attorneys, Bloemfontein