Clinical trial NCT04652765
Conditions: Covid19 SARS-CoV Infection Coronavirus Infection
Keywords: COVID-19 Coronavirus Camostat bicalutamide TMPRSS2 SARS-COV-2
Sponsor: Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
Start date: 2021-02-03; Completion date: 2021-09-15
Enrollment: 6 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary:
This will be a randomized, open-label study to determine if camostat+ bicalutamide decreases the proportion of people with COVID-19 who require hospitalization, compared to historical controls. Patients with symptomatic COVID-19, diagnosed as outpatients, will be randomized 1:1, stratified by gender, to treatment with standard of care alone (Arm 1) or with camostat and bicalutamide (Arm 2).

Detailed description:

Arms: arm 1: SARS-CoV-2 positive participants will receive SOC therapy alone. arm 2: SARS-CoV-2 positive participants will receive SOC therapy as well as camostat for 7 days. arm 3: SARS-CoV-2 positive participants will receive SOC therapy as well as camostat and bicalutamide for 7 days.
Interventions: intervention 1: Camostat Mesilate intervention 2: Bicalutamide 150 mg
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Camostat 600mg by mouth four times a day, for a total of 7 days intervention 2: Bicalutamide 150mg by mouth once daily, for a total of 7 days

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
 
 
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COMBO Trial (Camostat with bicalutamide for COVID-19) 
 
Protocol version 4 
June 15, 2021 
COV2005 
IRB Protocol Number: IRB00254142 
IND: IND 151666 
 
 
 
PI 
Catherine H. Marshall, MD, MPH 
Co-Investigators: 
Vasan Yegnasubramanian & Samuel R. Denmeade 
Biostatistician:  
 
 
Hao Wang, PhD 
IND Sponsor:   
 
 
Samuel R. Denmeade  
 
 
 


 
 
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Table of Contents 
1. 
Background ................................................................................................................... 4 
1.1. 
Camostat ..................................................................................................................... 4 
1.2. 
Bicalutamide ................................................................................................................ 4 
2. 
Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 9 
2.1. 
Primary objective ......................................................................................................... 9 
2.2. 
Secondary objectives ................................................................................................... 9 
2.3. 
Exploratory objectives .................................................................................................. 9 
2.4. 
Primary endpoint .......................................................................................................... 9 
2.5. 
Secondary endpoints ................................................................................................... 9 
2.6. 
Exploratory endpoints .................................................................................................10 
3. 
Patient Selection ..........................................................................................................10 
3.1. 
Inclusion Criteria .........................................................................................................10 
3.2. 
Exclusion Criteria ........................................................................................................10 
3.3. 
Inclusion of Women and Minorities .............................................................................11 
4. 
Treatment Plan .............................................................................................................11 
4.1. 
Study design ...............................................................................................................11 
4.2. 
Study treatments .........................................................................................................11 
4.2.1. 
 Camostat and Bicalutamide ................................................................................11 
4.3. 
Supportive care guidelines and general concomitant medications ..............................12 
4.4. 
Drug compliance documentation .................................................................................12 
4.5. 
Prohibited and restricted therapies ..............................................................................12 
4.6. 
Drug dispensing ..........................................................................................................13 
5. 
Dosing Delays/Dose Modifications .............................................................................13 
6. 
Study Activities ............................................................................................................13 
6.1. 
Screening period .........................................................................................................13 
6.2. 
Randomization ............................................................................................................13 
6.3. 
Stratification ................................................................................................................14 
6.4. 
Baseline studies ..........................................................................................................14 
6.5. 
Treatment period ........................................................................................................14 
6.6. 
End of initial treatment ................................................................................................15 
6.7. 
Assessing the primary outcome ..................................................................................15 
6.8. 
End of study ................................................................................................................15 
6.9. 
Early discontinuation ...................................................................................................15 


 
 
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6.10. 
Definition of unacceptable toxicities .........................................................................15 
6.11. 
Definition of an overdose .........................................................................................16 
6.12. 
Survival ...................................................................................................................16 
7. 
Adverse Events ............................................................................................................16 
=.>. 
Definitions ...................................................................................................................16 
7.1.1. 
Adverse Event .....................................................................................................16 
7.1.2. Serious Adverse Event .............................................................................................17 
=.?. 
Relationship ................................................................................................................17 
=.@. 
Expectedness .............................................................................................................18 
7.4. 
Handling of Expedited Safety Reports.........................................................................18 
=.A. 
Reporting ....................................................................................................................19 
7.5.1. 
SAE Reporting .....................................................................................................19 
8. 
Pharmaceutical Information ........................................................................................20 
8.1. 
Camostat ....................................................................................................................20 
8.2. 
Bicalutamide ...............................................................................................................23 
9. 
Correlative Studies .......................................................................................................28 
10. 
Study Calendar .............................................................................................................29 
11. 
Statistical considerations ............................................................................................30 
11.1. 
Analysis of primary endpoint: ...................................................................................31 
11.2. 
Analysis of the secondary and exploratory endpoints ..............................................31 
12. 
Data reporting/Regulatory requirements ....................................................................31 
12.1.   Data Collection and Processing ..................................................................................31 
12.2.   Safety Meetings ..........................................................................................................32 
12.3.   
Monitoring ...............................................................................................................32 
12.4. 
Study Documentation ..............................................................................................32 
12.4.1. 
Informed consent process ................................................................................32 
12.4.2. 
Subject Confidentiality ......................................................................................32 
12.4.3. 
Future Use of Stored Specimens ......................................................................33 
12.4.4. 
Study Record Retention ...................................................................................33 
14. 
References ....................................................................................................................34 
Appendix A.  Symptom Assessment .........................................................................................38 
 


 
 
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1. Background 
An important observation that has emerged from the global COVID-19 pandemic has been 
that men have a more severe course and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-
2 (Cao et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020). This gender disparity was also seen in the previous 
SARS and MERS outbreaks (Alghamdi et al., 2014; Karlberg et al., 2004; Leong et al., 2006). 
All three of the pathogens share a unique requirement for activation by the trypsin-like serine 
protease TMPRSS2 for infectivity and viral spread (Hoffmann et al., 2020a). TMPRSS2 has 
been demonstrated to proteolytically process and prime the S protein to mediate viral entry 
into host cells and is essential for viral spread and pathogenesis, making it a prime target for 
treatment (Hoffmann et al., 2020).  Two strategies for blocking TMPRSS2 activity are (1) to 
inhibit proteolytic activity and (2) to downregulate expression of the protein.  We hypothesize 
that a combination of these two strategies together would improve outcomes compared to 
Camostat alone or standard of care without either of these two drugs.   
 
1.1. 
Camostat 
Camostat mesilate is a serine protease inhibitor.  It is approved for use in Japan for the 
treatment of chronic pancreatitis and reflux esophagitis (ONO Pharmaceutical, 2009).  It has 
been shown in vivo to inhibit TMPRSS2 thereby blocking viral entry into host cells (Hoffmann 
et al., 2020a). In similar disease of SARS, caused by SARS-CoV, which uses similar 
mechanism of entry, camostat treatment also improved survival times in a mouse model of 
SARS-CoV infection (Zhou et al., 2015). We hypothesize that inhibition of TMPRSS2 with 
camostat, by treating early in the disease course when patients are diagnosed as outpatients, 
will decrease the percentage of people who end up hospitalized from COVID-19.   
 
1.2. 
Bicalutamide 
TMPRSS2 is an androgen regulated transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed 
in prostate cells, which have the highest expression of this protein in humans. TMPRSS2 is 
also expressed in other tissues including the lung and gastrointestinal tract. While we do not 
have direct evidence of antiviral activity of bicalutamide against SARS-CoV-2, the rationale 
for using bicalutamide in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is based on strong scientific 
rationale and safety data as described in detail below.  In brief, our hypothesis is that the 
SARS-CoV-2 must be proteolytically processed by a human protease known as TMPRSS2.  
Inhibition or blocking expression of TMPRSS2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection.  The expression 
level of the TMPRSS2 protease is regulated by androgen.  Treatment with an antiandrogen 
such as bicalutamide downregulates expression of TMPRSS2. This downregulation should 
reduce proteolytic activation of SARS-CoV-2 and help to limit severity of infection and 
subsequent morbidity and mortality. 
Recent experimental data has demonstrated that the human protease Transmembrane Serine 
Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) plays an important role in COVID-19 infection.  Hoffman et al 
demonstrated that TMPRSS2 proteolytic activity is able to prime the spike protein (S protein) 
of SARS-CoV-2 (Hoffmann et al., 2020a). Proteolytic priming by TMPRSS2 allows for binding 
of the virus to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor.  TMPRSS2 
is also capable of activating Influenza A and B, MERS and SARS-CoV (Böttcher et al., 2006; 
Matsuyama et al., 2010).  Hoffman et al demonstrated that cells lacking TMPRSS2 expression 
were less susceptible to SARS-Co-V2 infection and inhibition of TMPRSS2 proteolytic 
function could block SARS-CoV-2 infection (Hoffmann et al., 2020a). 


 
 
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TMPRSS2 is highly expressed by human prostate tissue but is also expressed by many 
normal human epithelial cells including the colon, stomach and lung (Bertram et al., 2012; Lin 
et al., 1999; Lucas et al., 2008, 2014; Mikkonen et al., 2010).  Previous studies demonstrated 
that TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene whose expression could be downregulated by 
androgen withdrawal and antiandrogens, Figure 1A, B (Bühler et al., 2010; Lin et al., 1999; 
Semaan et al., 2019).   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 1.  TMPRSS2 expression is downregulated by antiandrogens.  
(A) Bicalutamide induces a 7-fold decrease in expression of TMPRSS2 in human AR-positive 
LNCaP prostate cancer cell line.  (Bühler P, et al. Urol Int. 2010;84(2):203-11.) 
(B) The antiandrogen enzalutamide induces marked down-regulation of androgen regulated 
genes PSA and TMPRSS2 in human AR-positive VCaP prostate cancer cell line. (Semaan L, et 
al.  BMC Cancer. 2019 Oct 21;19(1):972.) 
 
Mikkonen et al demonstrate the presence of androgen receptor expression in murine lung 
tissue from both male and female mice and in a human lung cancer cell line (Mikkonen et al., 
2010).  Androgen exposure in this lung cancer line cell line resulted in an ~ 3-fold increase in 
expression of TMPRSS2, Figure 2A. Bertram et al further demonstrated strong TMPRSS2 
expression in both human lung epithelium and human sinus, Figure 2B (Bertram et al., 2012). 
 
  
 
Anti-androgens, such as bicalutamide, effectively downregulate expression of the TMPRSS2 
in the normal prostate and prostate cancer cells and other tissues.  TMPRSS2 is also 
Figure 2.  (A) Androgen 
receptor expresssion in 
murine lung from castrate 
male mice and female mice.  
AR expression is increased 
in both castrated male and 
female mice in response to 
androgen (From Mikkonen et 
al Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 
Apr 12;317(1-2):14-24.); (B) 
TMPRSS2 is expressed in 
human lung and sinus (From 
Bertram et al. PLoS One. 
2012;7(4):e35876 


 
 
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downregulated in the prostate by estrogen receptor beta (ER- beta) stimulation by estrogens 
(Setlur et al., 2008; Tomlins et al., 2005). Bicalutamide is an oral non- steroidal antiandrogen 
that downregulates TMPRSS2. It is well tolerated, widely available, and inexpensive. It is 
currently FDA approved for the treatment of prostate cancer and has also been used in women 
for the treatment of hirsutism, polycystic ovarian disease, and breast cancer (Gucalp et al., 
2013; Moretti et al., 2018).  
Additionally, ACE2 receptor is located on the X-chromosome and also escapes X inactivation 
(Gheblawi Mahmoud et al., 2020). Previous research found that ACE2 is primarily expressed 
in the kidney where there is greater activity in the male kidney compared to females. (Liu et 
al., 2010) More recently, it has also been demonstrated that in the lung, where ACE 2 is also 
expressed albeit at lower levels, estradiol downregulates ACE2 expression as seen in Figure 
3. (Stelzig et al., 2020) 
 
 
 
 
Figure 3.  Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) 
mRNA expression in normal human bronchial 
epithelial cells demonstrating reduced expression with 
the treatment of estradiol.  The quantities of ACE2 
were normalized against that of ribosomal protein S16 
mRNA. *P<0.05 by 2-tailed Student’s t test.  (From 
Stelzig et al. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 318: 
L1280-L1281, 2020).  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Since AR, and ER are also expressed in lung tissues, we hypothesize that these receptors, 
through regulation of TMPRSS2 expression, may contribute to the higher morbidity and 
mortality among men with COVID-19. In prostate cancer patients, bicalutamide effectively 
downregulates expression of the androgen regulated serine protease Prostate-Specific 
Antigen (PSA). Decline in PSA following bicalutamide therapy is used as a biomarker of 
efficacy in men with prostate cancer. 
A second important component is regulation of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 
infection as this is likely to be a major contributor to COVID-19 disease manifestations (Chen 
et al., 2020). Progression of the disease to late stages including pneumonia and acute 
respiratory distress syndrome (PNA-ARDS) appears to exhibit characteristics similar to many 
forms of viral mediated PNA- ARDS, including unremitting lung inflammation and tissue injury 
that can be disproportionate to pathogen load at late stages. There is published literature 
showing regulation of Treg numbers and activity by estrogens and Estrogen Receptor (ER) 
(Tai et al., 2008), promoting activity to suppress inflammatory damage. In strong preliminary 
data from the labs of team members Drs. D’Alessio and Damico, these effects were mediated 
by ER-beta, and use of the estrogen Estradiol (E2) or selective ER-beta agonists led to 


 
 
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significant Treg amplification and pro-repair functions to strongly accelerate resolution of 
ARDS in a murine pneumonia model. Bicalutamide, is an anti-androgen that crosses the blood 
brain barrier inhibiting AR in the hypothalamus (unpublished data).  This leads to a feedback 
release of LHRH that leads to increased levels of pituitary LH stimulating subsequent 
increased production of testosterone by the testes which is subsequently aromatized to 
estradiol. Androgen receptor signaling has known effects on many antiviral immune 
responses, including type 1 IFN activity, CD8+ T cell frequencies, subsets of CD4+ T cells, 
including Tregs, and humoral immunity. We hypothesize that these estrogenic effects in 
enhancing the immune response may also mediate some of the sex differences in COVID-19 
PNA-ARDS and treatment with bicalutamide would improve outcomes. 
Notably, we are including women.  While men have a more severe course and higher 
mortality, women still are suffering and dying from SARS-CoV-2 infection.  We do think that 
the proposed mechanism of benefit is applicable to both men and women for the following 
reasons:  
(1) TMPRSS2 and ACE2, are expressed in the lung epithelial tissue of both men and women, 
albeit at varying levels.  Asselta et al used genotype tissue expression (GTEx database 
(https://gtexportal.org/home/) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository 
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and showed that TMPRSS2 expression is also 
present in women, albeit at lower levels in women compared to men (Figure 4).   
Figure 4.  (A) ACE2 and (B) TMPRSS2 expression mRNA expression levels in human normal lung 
samples, stratified by sex (From Asselta, et al. Aging. 2020 Jun 5;12(11):10087-10098).  
 
(2) The androgen receptor is also expressed in men and women at varying levels.  Previous 
studies demonstrated that TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene whose expression 
could be downregulated by androgen withdrawal and antiandrogens (Bühler et al., 2010; 


 
 
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Lin et al., 1999; Semaan et al., 2019).  Mikkonen et al demonstrate the presence of 
androgen receptor expression in murine lung tissue from both male and female mice and 
in a human lung cancer cell line (Mikkonen et al., 2010).  Androgen exposure in this lung 
cancer line cell line resulted in an ~ 3-fold increase in expression of TMPRSS2, Figure 
5A.    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3) There is significant heterogeneity in levels of circulating androgens in women across age 
groups, albeit at lower levels than men. We hypothesize that the reason women do not 
have such severe disease is due to lower levels of circulating androgens compared to 
men (Figure 6).  This subsequently affects TMPRSS2 levels and viral spread.  However, 
women do have androgens, at variable levels, throughout the lifespan (Khosla et al., 1998) 
and therefore, would potentially also perceive benefit from treatment with an anti-
androgen.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4) There is no justifiable reason to exclude them as bicalutamide has been used in women, 
at this dose, with no new safety signals.  In terms of risk-benefit, bicalutamide has been 
given to women in clinical studies for treatment of hirsutism, particularly in the context of 
Figure 5.  (A) Androgen receptor 
expresssion in murine lung from 
castrate male mice and female mice.  
AR expression is increased in both 
castrated male and female mice in 
response to androgen (From 
Mikkonen et al 2010) 
Figure 6. Testosterone levels in 
men (square) are higher than in 
women (circles), and present even 
in older women. (From Khosla, 
1998). 


 
 
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polycystic ovarian syndrome, a dysmetabolic disorder that occurs in women due to excess 
androgen levels (Azziz et al., 2016).  The major side effects noted were in the context of 
long term exposure, and risk to women should be greatly mitigated in this study due to the 
short course of exposure (7 days). Additionally it has been studied, at the dose of 150mg 
daily, for the treatment of androgen receptor (AR) positive triple negative breast cancer.  
In a phase II study by Gucalp at all, 426 patients were screened and 28 had AR+ disease 
and started treatment.  There were no grade 4 of 5 events.  There were 3 grade 3 liver 
related adverse events (AST elevation, hyperbilirubinemia, and alk phos elevation) and 
these all occurred in a single patient who known liver metastases and disease 
progression.  Two patients had dose delays due to liver function test grade 2 abnormalities 
and these also were related to cancer progression.  One patient had a dose reduction due 
to cerebrovascular ischemia that was thought to be related to hypertension and she 
continued on therapy (Gucalp et al., 2013).  Thus, even in this sick patient population with 
metastatic breast cancer, bicalutamide, at this dose, did not demonstrate any unexpected 
or severe side effects in women.   
2. Objectives 
2.1. 
Primary objective 
To determine if bicalutamide + camostat decreases the rate of hospitalization in outpatients 
diagnosed with COVID->T.   
2.2. 
Secondary objectives 
To determine if bicalutamide + camostat: 
 
Decrease the proportion of people with symptoms at day 7 and day 21  
 
Are safe to give in outpatients with COVID-19 
 
Decrease all-cause mortality at 60 days 
 
2.3. 
Exploratory objectives 
To determine if bicalutamide + camostat: 
 
Decrease the duration of hospitalization (defined as number of calendar days in 
the hospital)  
 
Decrease the % of patients needing upgrade to the intermediate care unit (IMC) 
 
Decrease the duration of IMC stay  
 
Decrease the % of patients needing upgrade to the intensive care unit (ICU) 
 
Decrease the duration of ICU stay 
 
Decrease the need for mechanical ventilation  
 
Decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation  
 
Alter development of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies  
 
Alter systemic cytokine profiles  
 
Alter hormone levels  
 
2.4. 
Primary endpoint 
Percentage of people who are hospitalized or die by day ?V.   
2.5. 
Secondary endpoints 
 
Proportion of people with symptoms at day 7 and day 21 


 
 
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 
Proportion of drug-related AEs and SAEs  
 
All-cause mortality at day 60  
 
2.6. 
Exploratory endpoints 
Attenuation in disease course/inflammatory response –resources permitting  
 
Change from baseline in white blood cells, platelets, D-dimer, AST, ALT, CK, CRP, 
ESR, ferritin  
 
Change from baseline in hormones and hormone regulated gene expression 
 
Immunophenotyping of PBMCs with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS): to 
understand the immune response and to determine the source of critical cytokines 
(resources permitting)  
 
SARS-CoV-2 antibody analysis, including IgM to IgG transition and virus-
neutralizing antibodies 
 
Clinical exploratory endpoints 
 
Duration of hospitalization (defined as number of calendar days in the hospital)  
 
% of patients needing upgrade to the intermediate care unit (IMC) 
 
Duration of IMC stay  
 
% of patients needing upgrade to the intensive care unit (ICU) 
 
Duration of ICU stay 
 
% of patients with need for mechanical ventilation  
 
Duration of mechanical ventilation  
 
3. Patient Selection 
A total of 40 patients will be recruited.   
3.1. 
Inclusion Criteria 
>. ≥ YZ years of age  
?. COVID->T infection, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test <=A days 
from enrollment done in the ambulatory setting  
3. Able to provide informed consent 
4. Symptom related to COVID->T. This includes: fever or chills, cough, shortness of 
breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, new loss 
of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, 
diarrhea or other symptom recognized by the Centers for Disease Control to be a 
symptom of COVID->T.     
 
3.2. 
Exclusion Criteria 
>. Patients who undergo asymptomatic screening test that is positive and remain 
asymptomatic during the eligible time window 
?. Patients who have had one or more positive tests more than A days prior to 
enrollment but within YZ days of enrollment (ex. If a patient has a positive test >Z 
days prior to enrollment and then a second positive test the day referred for 
enrollment, that patient would be excluded.  If a patient had a positive test A months 
ago, and then another positive test the day he/she was referred for enrollment, that 
patient would be eligible.)  
@. Unable to take oral medication 


 
 
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\. Male patients with female partners of reproductive potential who are unable to 
maintain effective contraception during the recommended time period (during 
treatment and for >@Z days after the final dose)  
A. Symptoms requiring hospitalization or immediate referral to hospital  
Y. Taking bicalutamide, any systemic hormonal therapy, or camostat within one 
month of study entry 
=. Known hypersensitivity to bicalutamide, or camostat, or its components.   
V. On coumadin anticoagulation (because of drug-drug interaction with bicalutamide)  
T. Self-reported past medical history of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis 
>Z. Self-reported myocardial infarction within Y months or past medical history of 
congestive heart failure with known ejection fraction < \Z%  
>>. Taking any other investigational treatment for COVID->T or COVID->T prophylaxis 
(COVID->T vaccines and treatments allowed under FDA Emergency Use 
Authorization are allowed.)  
 
3.3. 
Inclusion of Women and Minorities 
Women and people from all ethnic and race groups are eligible for this study.  
4. Treatment Plan 
4.1. 
Study design 
This will be a randomized, open-label study to determine if camostat+ bicalutamide decreases 
the proportion of people with COVID-19 who require hospitalization, compared to historical 
controls.  Patients with symptomatic COVID-19, diagnosed as outpatients, will be randomized 
1:1 stratified by gender and receipt of SOC drugs/vaccine, to treatment with standard of care 
alone or with camostat+bicalutamide .  The schema is shown below:  
 
4.2. 
Study treatments 
4.2.1.  Camostat and Bicalutamide 
Patients randomized to camostat and bicalutamide arm will receive 600mg of camostat 
mesilate (six 100mg tablets), four times a day on an empty stomach [one hour before a 
meal (e.g. 6:00, 11:00, 16:00, and 21:00)] and 150mg of bicalutamide daily for a total of 7 
days.  Bicalutamide will be given as three 50mg tablets.   
 
Rationale for dose: Bicalutamide is well tolerated at 50mg and 150mg.  It is frequently 
given at a dose of 150mg when used as a single agent, rather than the 50mg dose which 
is usually given in combination with medical or surgical castration.  Bicalutamide 150mg 


 
 
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daily is approved for use in the European Union for the treatment of prostate cancer 
(European Medicines Agency, 2018).  Bicalutamide has been extensively tested at a 
higher dose of 150 mg per day as monotherapy for prostate cancer, although it is not FDA-
approved at this dose.  Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate an approximate doubling of 
the Cmax, Css and AUC and when bicalutamide is administered at this 3-fold higher 
dose.(Cockshott, 2004)  Thus, we are using the higher dose bicalutamide of 150 mg/day 
compared to lower dose of 50 mg/day in order to achieve maximum androgen receptor 
blockade over the short 7-day exposure period proposed in this trial 
 
Should any patient enrolled on the study miss a scheduled dose for whatever reason, the 
patient will be allowed to take the scheduled dose up to a maximum of 12 hours after that 
scheduled dose time.  If greater than 12 hours, the missed dose should not be taken and 
the patient should take their allotted dose at the next scheduled time. Patients should also 
be advised to avoid conceiving for 3 months after the last dose of bicalutamide.  
 
Rationale for duration of bicalutamide and camostat: 
Both drugs are generally used for long periods of time, with bicalutamide safely given for 
years at a time.  Trough concentrations of 150 mg/day bicalutamide at 7 days exceed the 
steady state trough levels of 50 mg/day bicalutamide after 28 days.  Additionally, an 
increase in estradiol has been demonstrated at one week of starting bicalutamide at this 
dose. (Verhelst et al., 1994)   
Additionally, respiratory infections are commonly treated for up to 7 days.  For example, 
the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for the recommendation of 
treatment of influenza is for 5 days of anti-viral therapy in outpatients, with consideration 
of longer duration for certain populations.  Given this trial is in patients at least 60 years 
old and the severity of the disease, we believe a longer duration is warranted.  This, in 
combination with the data presented above, is why we believe 7 days is safe, likely to be 
effective, and in line with other treatment paradigms.   
4.3. 
Supportive care guidelines and general concomitant medications 
In general, concomitant medications and therapies deemed necessary for the supportive care 
and safety of the subject are allowed, provided that their use is documented in the medical 
records. The administration of any other therapies intended to treat the primary condition are 
permitted if considered the standard of care. The use of other concurrent investigational drugs 
is NOT allowed during the screening and treatment period.  Patients should receive 
appropriate supportive care measures as deemed necessary by the Investigator and treating 
physicians. 
4.4. 
Drug compliance documentation 
Compliance will be recorded on a Diary of Treatment.  
4.5. 
Prohibited and restricted therapies 
 
Any COVID-19 investigational agent (e.g. hydroxychloroqine or chloroquine) 
during the screening and treatment period, or within 30 days of enrollment.   
 
Coumadin (warfarin) anticoagulation during treatment period 
 


 
 
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4.6. 
Drug dispensing 
Study drug can be picked up in person or shipped to the patient directly. If study drug is 
shipped, the temperature will be monitored during shipment. Study staff will call the patient to 
ensure that shipment was received in good condition at the patient’s home, and instruct patient 
to keep and return all empty, partially empty, or full bottles/blisters to the site at next visit for 
drug reconciliation. This call, including verbal confirmation of receipt by the patient, will be 
properly documented in the medical record. If COVID-19 precautions prevent the return of 
used/unused study drug supplies to the site, then study staff will review the remaining pills 
during a telemedicine visit with a photo or video documentation of drug destruction (using a 
drug disposal pouch) that can be sent to the IND Sponsor (or designee). Undelivered supplies 
should be returned to the clinical site. 
5. Dosing Delays/Dose Modifications 
If patients are unable to tolerate 600mg of camostat four times a day, the dose will be reduced to 
300mg four times a day.  If patients are unable to tolerate 300mg four times a day, treatment will 
decrease to 200mg three times a day (approved dose in Japan).  If patients are unable to tolerate 
that dose, treatment will be stopped.   
If patients are unable to tolerate 150mg of bicalutamide, the daily dose will be reduced to 100mg.  
If patients are unable to tolerate 100mg, the dose should be reduced to 50mg.  If 50mg is unable 
to be tolerated, treatment should stop.  
6. Study Activities 
6.1. 
Screening period 
All patients must sign a written informed consent form before any study specific procedures 
are performed. If the patient meets eligibility and screening requirements, he/she will be 
randomized to one of two arms. All required treatment study procedures and assessments 
must be initiated within 72 hours of the baseline screening evaluation.  
6.2. 
Randomization   
Once eligibility is confirmed, patients will be randomized to a treatment group in a 1:1 fashion 
and stratified by gender and by receipt of SOC drugs/vaccine. All patients must commence 
treatment within 72 hours of randomization.   
Eligible patients will be entered on study centrally at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive 
Cancer Center at the Johns Hopkins University by the Lead Study Coordinator.  All sites 
should call/email the coordinating center at crocc@jhmi.edu for registration. The Registration 
Form and Eligibility Worksheet will be supplied to each participating site. 
Subjects who sign a consent form, but do not initiate protocol treatment for any reason (e.g., 
subjects who are screen failures), will be replaced and will not count towards our accrual goal.  
The Coordinating Center should be notified as soon as possible. 
Registration Process 
 


 
 
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To register a patient, the following documents should be completed by the Research Nurse 
or Study Coordinator and emailed to crocc@jhmi.edu and the lead CROCC Study 
Coordinator: 
•Registration Form 
•Signed patient consent form 
•Eligibility Screening Checklist 
•Copies of  source documents, as applicable.  
Study treatment cannot begin until the patient is registered. 
The Research Nurse or Study Coordinator at the participating site will then e-mail 
(crocc@jhmi.edu and the lead CROCC Study Coordinator) the Coordinating Center to verify 
eligibility.  To complete the registration process, the Coordinating Center will: 
•Assign a patient study number 
•Register  and randomize the patient on the study 
•Email the patient study number to the participating site 
 
 
6.3. 
Stratification  
In this study, patients will be stratified by gender and receipt of SOC drugs/vaccine. 
6.4. 
Baseline studies   
1. COVID-19 symptoms 
2. COVID-19 NP swab with RT-PCR testing  
 
Optional (pending resource availability):  
1. Comprehensive metabolic panel (Na, K, Cl, BUN, Cr, Ca, Tot Protein, Alb, 
bilirubin, AST, ALT, Alk phos, HCO3) 
2. Complete blood count w/differential 
3. Clinical severity markers: ESR, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, CK 
4. Serum ultrasensitive PSA, testosterone (free and total), estradiol, luteinizing 
hormone, follicle stimulating hormone 
5. Research NP swab for quantitative viral load  
6. Blood and sputum sample for quantitative viral load (if resources permit) (~20cc 
of blood) 
7. Research blood draw for banking (to be grouped with clinical blood draws) 
(~10cc of blood) 
 
6.5. 
Treatment period 
Patients will be followed according to the study calendar (Section 10).  Patients in all  arms 
will have telemedicine or audio telephone call at day 3, 7, 21, and day 60 to assess toxicity 
and recovery.   If patients are admitted to the hospital during follow up, we will get information 
from the medical records.   


 
 
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Patients will be instructed to monitor for emergency warning signs.  This includes, but is not 
limited to: trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, inability 
to wake or stay awake, bluish lips or face.  If any of these occur, patients will be instructed to 
call 911 or go to her/his local emergency facility for further evaluation.   
6.6. 
End of initial treatment 
After 7 days of oral therapy, treatment will stop and patients will be followed as per section 10 
(study calendar).   
6.7. 
Assessing the primary outcome 
Patients will be followed for admission to the hospital.  Electronic medical records, including 
EPIC at JHH and CRISP (throughout Maryland and surrounding states) will be queried for 
hospital admission.  If patients report a hospital admission outside of these systems, records 
will be collected from the corresponding hospital.  
6.8. 
End of study 
Day 60 
6.9. 
Early discontinuation  
The reason for study removal and the date the subject was removed will be documented in 
the CRF. A subject must be discontinued from the trial for any of the following reasons: 
 
The subject withdraws consent. 
 
A subject must be discontinued from treatment (but may continue to be monitored in the post-
treatment follow up portion of the trial for any of the following reasons:  
 
The subject or legal representative (such as legal guardian) withdraws consent. 
 
Intercurrent illness that prevents further administration of treatment, 
 
Patient is hospitalization due to COVID-19, 
 
Unacceptable toxicity, as listed in section 6.10, 
 
If in the opinion of the Investigator, a change or temporal or permanent discontinuation 
of therapy would be in the best interest of the patient, 
 
Noncompliance with trial treatment or procedure requirements, 
 
Patient is lost to follow-up, 
 
Patient becomes pregnant 
 
Patients who discontinue treatment will remain on study unless one of the above reasons for 
discontinuation from the study are met.  The patients who discontinue treatment will continue 
to be followed as specified in section 10 (study calendar), per study protocol. 
6.10. 
Definition of unacceptable toxicities  
Unacceptable toxicities are defined as:  
 
Any treatment-related ≥ grade 3 AEs possibly related to the agents 
 
Any AE, laboratory abnormality, or intercurrent illness which, in the judgment of the 
investigator, presents a substantial clinical risk to the subject with continued 
bicalutamide or camostat dosing.  
 


 
 
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6.11. 
Definition of an overdose  
An overdose is defined as the accidental or intentional administration of any dose of a product 
that is considered both excessive and medically important.   
 
All occurrences of overdose must be reported as SAEs (see section 7.1.2 and 7.5).  
Bicalutamide 
A single dose of bicalutamide that results in symptoms of an overdose considered to be life 
threatening has not been established.   
In the management of an overdose with bicalutamide, vomiting may be induced if the patient 
is alert.  Dialysis is not likely to be helpful since bicalutamide is highly protein bound and is 
extensively metabolized.  General supportive care, including frequent monitoring of vital signs 
and close observation of the patient, is indicated.   
Camostat 
There is no known information on overdose of camostat.   
6.12. 
Survival 
Patient records will be monitored for 60 days for vital status.  For patients who have died, date 
of death will be collected, and overall survival duration will be calculated from randomization 
to death.  
7. Adverse Events 
=.>.  Definitions 
Toxicities will be graded using the NCI’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 
(CTCAE) Version 5.0:  
https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm 
In those cases where the NCI criteria do not apply, intensity will be defined as: 
• Mild: awareness of symptom or sign, but easily tolerated 
• Moderate: discomfort is enough to cause interference with normal activities 
• Severe: inability to perform normal daily activities 
• Life threatening: immediate risk of death from the reaction as it occurred 
7.1.1. Adverse Event 
An AE is defined as any undesirable sign, symptom or medical condition occurring after 
starting the study drug (or therapy) even if the event is not considered to be related to the 
study. An undesirable medical condition can be symptoms (e.g., nausea, chest pain), signs 
(e.g., tachycardia, enlarged liver) or the abnormal results of an investigation (e.g., laboratory 
findings, electrocardiogram). Medical conditions/diseases present before starting the study 
treatment are only considered AEs if they worsen after starting the study treatment (any 
procedures specified in the protocol). New medical conditions / diseases occurring before 
starting the study treatment but after signing the informed consent form will not be recorded 
as AEs.  
Laboratory abnormalities: Laboratory abnormalities present at the screening visit will be 
recorded as pre-treatment signs and symptoms. After study treatment administration, all 
grade 3 and 4 clinical laboratory results that represent an increase in severity from baseline 


 
 
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will be reported as AEs. A grade 1 or 2 clinical laboratory abnormality should be reported as 
an AE only if it is considered clinically significant by the investigator (induce clinical signs or 
symptoms or require corrective therapy), meets the definition of an SAE, or requires the 
participant to have study drug discontinued or interrupted. It is expected that wherever 
possible, the clinical rather than laboratory term would be used by the reporting investigator 
(e.g., anemia versus low hemoglobin value). 
7.1.2. Serious Adverse Event 
A SAE is an undesirable sign, symptom or medical condition which:  
• Results in death  
• Is life threatening (defined as an event in which the subject was at risk of death at the 
time of the event; it does not refer to an event which hypothetically might have caused 
death if it were more severe)  
• Requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization (see 
note below for exceptions) 
• Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity  
• Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect (note: reports of congenital anomalies/birth defects 
must also be reported on the Pregnancy Form)  
• Is an important medical event (defined as a medical event(s) that may not be immediately 
life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization but, based upon appropriate medical 
and scientific judgment, may jeopardize the subject or may require intervention [e.g., 
medical, surgical] to prevent one of the other serious outcomes listed in the definition 
above.) Examples of such events include, but are not limited to, intensive treatment in an 
emergency room or at home for allergic bronchospasm; blood dyscrasias or convulsions 
that do not result in hospitalization.) 
• Suspected transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., pathogenic or nonpathogenic) via 
the study drug is an SAE. 
• Is a new cancer 
• Is associated with an overdose (as defined in section 5.11) 
• Is a pregnancy or pregnancy outcome of spontaneous abortion, missed abortion, benign 
hydatidiform mole, blighted ovum, fetal death, intrauterine death, miscarriage, or stillbirth. 
 
Events not considered to be SAEs are hospitalizations for:  
• Admission for progression of COVID-19-related symptoms  
• A visit to the emergency room or other hospital department <24 hours, that does not 
result in admission (unless considered an important medical or life-threatening event) 
• Admissions as per protocol for a planned medical/surgical procedure or to facilitate a 
procedure 
• Routine health assessment requiring admission for baseline/trending of health status 
(e.g., routine colonoscopy)  
• Medical/surgical admission for purpose other than remedying ill health state and was 
planned prior to entry into the study. Appropriate documentation is required in these cases.  
• Admission encountered for another life circumstance that carries no bearing on health 
status and requires no medical/surgical intervention (e.g., lack of housing, economic 
inadequacy, care-giver respite, family circumstances, administrative). 
 
=.?. Relationship 
The relationship of an AE to the administration of the study drug is to be assessed by the 
investigator according to the following definitions:  


 
 
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• No (unrelated, not related, no relation):  The time course between the administration of 
study drug and the occurrence or worsening of the adverse event rules out a causal 
relationship and another cause (concomitant drugs, therapies, complications, etc.) is 
suspected.  
• Yes (related): The time course between the administration of study drug and the occurrence 
or worsening of the adverse event is consistent with a causal relationship and no other 
cause (concomitant drugs, therapies, complications, etc.) can be identified.  
The following factors should also be considered:  
• 
The temporal sequence from study drug administration - The event should occur after the 
study drug is given. The length of time from study drug exposure to event should be 
evaluated in the clinical context of the event.  
• 
Underlying, concomitant, intercurrent diseases - Each report should be evaluated in the 
context of the natural history and course of the disease being treated and any other 
disease the subject may have.  
• 
Concomitant medication - The other medications the subject is taking or the treatment the 
subject receives should be examined to determine whether any of them might be 
recognized to cause the event in question.  
• 
Known response pattern for this class of study drug - Clinical and/or preclinical data may 
indicate whether a particular response is likely to be a class effect.  
• 
Exposure to physical and/or mental stresses - The exposure to stress might induce 
adverse changes in the recipient and provide a logical and better explanation for the event.  
• 
The pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the study drug - The known pharmacologic 
properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of the study drug should 
be considered. 
=.@. Expectedness 
Unexpected AE: An AE, which varies in nature, intensity or frequency from information on the 
investigational drug/agent provided in the product IB, package insert or safety reports. Any 
AE that is not included in the IB, package insert, safety reports or informed consent is 
considered “unexpected”. An expected AE with a fatal outcome should be considered 
unexpected unless the IB specifically states that the AE might be associated with a fatal 
outcome. 
Expected (known) AE: An AE, which has been reported in the IB, package insert or safety 
reports. An AE is considered “expected”, only if it is included in the IB document as a risk. 
7.4. 
Handling of Expedited Safety Reports 
In accordance with local regulations, the IND Sponsor or designee will notify investigators of 
all SAEs that are unexpected (i.e., not previously described in the IB or package insert), and 
related to camostat or bicalutamide. This notification will be in the form of an expedited safety 
report (ESR) that is to be emailed to the investigators and the study coordinators. Upon 
receiving such notices, the investigator must review and retain the notice with the IB and 
where required by local regulations, the investigator will submit the ESR to the appropriate 
IRB. The investigator and IRB will determine if the informed consent requires revision. The 


 
 
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investigator should also comply with the IRB procedures for reporting any other safety 
information.  
 
=.A. Reporting 
Information about all adverse events, whether volunteered by the subject, discovered by 
investigator questioning, or detected through physical examination, laboratory test or other 
means, will be collected, recorded, and followed as appropriate.  
All adverse events experienced by subjects will be collected and reported from the first dose 
of study drug, throughout the study, and will only be followed for 28 days unless related to the 
investigational agent.   
Subjects who have an ongoing adverse event related to the study procedures and/or 
medication(s) may continue to be periodically contacted by a member of the study staff until 
the event is resolved or determined to be irreversible by the investigator. 
7.5.1. SAE Reporting 
All SAEs (including deaths) occurring from the first dose of the study drug through 28 days 
after the last dose of study drug will be collected and recorded on the Adverse Event Case 
Report Form (CRF).  
 
All SAEs should be reported to the IND Sponsor (DENMESA@jhmi.edu) and Ono 
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (pmsmailbox@ono.co.jp) within 24 hours of becoming aware of the 
event occurrence using the SAE Reporting Form. Section 12.3 outlines reporting 
requirements for the DSMB. 
 
SAEs will be reported to the Johns Hopkins Medicine IRB per institutional guidelines.  
 
Adverse events that are serious, unexpected, and assessed by the investigator to be related 
to the study drug will be reported within 24 hours of becoming aware of the event occurrence 
to the post-marketing departments of the drug manufacturer. 
 
After the initial SAE report, the investigator is required to proactively follow each subject and 
provide further information in regards to the subject’s condition. 
 
All AE(s) and SAE(s) will be followed until: 
 
• Resolution 
• The condition stabilizes 
• The event is otherwise explained 
• The subject is lost to follow-up 
• Death  
 
7.5.1.1. 
Expedited IND Safety Reports to the FDA 
All reporting to the FDA will be completed by the IND Sponsor. 
7 Calendar-Day Telephone or Fax Report:   
The IND Sponsor is required to notify the FDA of any fatal or life-threatening adverse event 
that is unexpected and assessed by the investigator to be possibly related to the 
investigational agent.  Such reports are to be submitted to the FDA within 7 calendar days of 


 
 
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first learning of the event. Follow-up information will be submitted to the FDA as soon as 
relevant information is available.  
15 Calendar-Day Written Report:   
The IND Sponsor is required to notify the FDA of any SAE that is unexpected and related to 
the investigational agent in a written IND Safety Report.   
Written IND Safety Reports should include an Analysis of Similar Events in accordance with 
regulation 21 CFR § 312.32.  All safety reports previously filed with the IND concerning similar 
events should be analyzed.  The new report should contain comments on the significance of 
the new event in light of the previous, similar reports.   
Written IND safety reports with Analysis of Similar Events are to be submitted to the FDA 
within 15 calendar days of first learning of the event. Follow-up information will be submitted 
to the FDA as soon as relevant information is available. 
IND Annual Reports: 
In accordance with the regulation 21 CFR § 312.33, the IND Sponsor shall within 60 days of 
the anniversary date that the IND went into effect submit a brief report of the adverse events 
and progress of the investigation.  Please refer to Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR § 
312.33 for a list of the elements required for the annual report.  All IND annual reports will be 
submitted to the FDA by the IND Sponsor. 
8. Pharmaceutical Information 
The IND Sponsor or the IND Sponsor’s representative shall take responsibility for and shall take 
all steps to maintain appropriate records and ensure appropriate supply, storage, handling, 
distribution and usage of investigational product in accordance with the protocol and any 
applicable laws and regulations. 
The IND Sponsor or the IND Sponsor’s representative is responsible for keeping accurate records 
of the clinical supplies, the amount dispensed to, and returned by the subjects and the amount 
remaining at the conclusion of the trial. 
Upon completion or termination of the study, all unused and/or partially used investigational 
product will be destroyed at the site per institutional policy. It is the IND Sponsor or the IND 
Sponsor’s representative responsibility to arrange for disposal of all empty containers, provided 
that procedures for proper disposal have been established according to applicable federal, state, 
local and institutional guidelines and procedures, and provided that appropriate records of 
disposal are kept. 
8.1. 
Camostat 
FOIPAN® tablets 100mg contain 100mg of camostat mesilate.  Inactive ingredients include 
Hydroxypropylcellulose, Carmellose calcium, Magnesium stearate, Polyoxyethylene (105) 
polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, Lactose hydrate.   
TOXICOLOGY 
Contraindications: Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the ingredient of this 
product. 


 
 
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Precautions: Careful Administration (FOIPAN® should be administered with care in the following 
patients) 
Patient with hypersensitivity [In case patients have hypersensitivity, adverse reactions may be 
induced.]    
Important Precautions: 
(1)  FOIPAN® should not be administered in patients with severe chronic pancreatitis requiring 
suction of gastric juice, or dietary restrictions such as fasting and abstention from drinking.  
(2)  This product should not be used for the treatment of postoperative reflux esophagitis due to 
reflux of gastric juice since the efficacy of this product cannot be expected. 
 (3)  If improvement of symptoms of postoperative reflux esophagitis is not observed, then the 
therapy with this product should not be continued aimlessly for a long-term period.  
Adverse reactions:  
<In clinical studies of Remission of acute symptoms of chronic pancreatitis>  
83 adverse reactions to FOIPAN®, including abnormal laboratory test values, were observed in 
69 (1.8%) of 3,806 patients evaluated in the investigation conducted up to the time of approval 
and in the Drug Use Investigation.  The major adverse reactions were rash in 15 incidences 
(0.4%), pruritus in 9 incidences (0.2%), nausea in 10 incidences (0.3%), abdominal discomfort in 
7 incidences (0.2%), abdominal fullness in 6 incidences (0.2%), etc.  (At the end of the 
reexamination period) 
 
<In clinical studies of Postoperative reflux esophagitis> 
75 adverse reactions to FOIPAN®, including abnormal laboratory test values, were observed in 
57 (1.3%) of 4,224 patients evaluated in the investigation conducted up to the time of approval 
and in the Drug Use Investigation.  The major adverse reactions were hepatic function 
abnormalities such as increased AST (GOT) · ALT (GPT) in 12 incidences (0.3%), diarrhea in 8 
incidences (0.2%), nausea in 5 incidences (0.1%), etc.  (At the end of the reexamination period)  
  
(1) Clinically significant adverse reactions 
1)  Shock or anaphylactoid symptoms:  Shock or anaphylactoid symptoms (both incidences 
unknown*) may occur.  Patients should be carefully monitored.  If any symptoms such as 
decreased blood pressure, dyspnea and pruritus are observed, administration should be 
discontinued and appropriate measures be taken.  
2) Thrombocytopenia: Thrombocytopenia (incidence unknown*) may occur rarely.  If such 
symptoms are observed, the dose should be reduced or administration should be discontinued.   
3)  Hepatic function disorder or jaundice: Hepatic function disorder accompanied by remarkable 
increase of AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), ˠ-GTP, Al-P, or jaundice (both incidences unknown*) may 
occur.  Patients should be carefully monitored.  If any abnormalities are observed, appropriate 
therapeutic measures such as discontinuing the administration should be taken.  
4)  Hyperkalaemia:  Severe hyperkalaemia (incidence unknown*) may occur.  Patients should be 
carefully monitored by conducting serum electrolyte tests.  If any abnormalities are observed, 
administration should be discontinued and appropriate measures be taken.   
  
  (2)  Other adverse reactions  
 
0.1- 0.5%  
<0.1% 
Incidence unknown* 
Hematologic 
 
Leukopenia,  
erythrocytopenia 
Eosinophilia 
 
Hypersensitivity 
Rash, pruritus, etc 
 
 
Gastrointestinal 
Nausea, abdominal 
discomfort,  
abdominal  fullness, 
Anorexia, vomiting,  
dry mouth, heartburn, 
abdominal pain, 
 


 
 
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diarrhea 
constipation 
Hepatic 
Increased AST 
(GOT)·ALT(GPT) , 
etc 
 
 
Renal 
 
Increased BUN, 
increased creatinine 
 
Other 
 
Edema, 
hypoglycemia   
 
*reactions classified as “incidence unknown” are the ones collected from spontaneous reports 
 
PHARMACOLOGY 
1. Blood concentration  
(1) Healthy adults When a single dose of camostat mesilate at 200 mg was orally administered to 
5 healthy adults in the fasted state, the plasma concentration of its active metabolite, 4-(4-
guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate, reached a maximum of 87.1 ng/mL 40 minutes after 
administration, with a half-life of about 100 minutes (Hiraku S. et al.: Iyakuhin Kenkyu, 13: 756, 
1982.).    
 
 
  
  
  
 (2) Patients with gastrectomy: When a single dose of camostat mesilate at 100 mg was orally 
administered to 4 patients with total gastrectomy or subtotal gastrectomy in the fasted state, the 
maximum plasma concentration was 30 ng/mL, changing at a similar level to healthy volunteers. 
(Yamamoto T. et al.: Changes in plasma concentration of camostat mesilate in patients with 
gastrectomy.  Internal data of Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd)  
  
2. Metabolism: Carboxylate ester moiety of camostat mesilate is hydrolyzed to an active 
metabolite 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate, which is further hydrolyzed to 4-
guanidinobenzoic acid. (Ohki S. et al.: Gendai Iryo, 12 (Extra issue): 71, 1980.))     Camostat 
mesilate is mainly hydrolyzed by carboxyesterase and 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate 
by arylesterase (in vitro). (Nemoto H. et al.:  The enzymes involved in the metabolism of camostat 
mesilate. Internal data of Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)   Camostat mesilate and its metabolite 
4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate did not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 
and CYP3A4 (in vitro). (Matsunaga N. et al.: The effect of camostat mesilate on CYP 450 
isozymes.  Internal data of Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd)  
  
3. Excretion: When a single dose of camostat mesilate at 200 mg was orally administered to 5 
healthy adults in the fasted state, urinary metabolites were accounted for mostly by 4-
guanidinobenzoic acid and for only a small proportion, by 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) 
phenylacetate.  The rates of urinary excretion at 5 - 6 hours after administration were 20% and 
0.8%, respectively, and little was further recovered in urine during later periods. (Hiraku S. et al.: 
Iyakuhin Kenkyu, 13: 756, 1982)   


 
 
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4. Protein binding rate: The protein-binding rate to human serum was 25.8 – 28.2% (in vitro).  
  
PHYSICOCHEMISTRY  
Nonproprietary name: Camostat mesilate   
Chemical 
name: 
Dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 
4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) 
phenylacetate 
monomethanesulfonate  
Molecular formula: C20H22N4O5 · CH4O3S  
Molecular weight: 494.52  
Structural formula:  
 
 
  
Description: Camostat mesilate occurs as white crystals or a crystalline powder.  It is sparingly 
soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol (95) and practically insoluble in diethyl ether.  
Melting point: 194 - 198°C  
  
PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING Dispensing FOIPAN® with olmesartan medoxomil as a “one- 
dose pack” should be avoided. (In case of storing the one-dose pack containing FOIPAN® and 
olmesartan medoxomil under conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the discoloration 
of FOIPAN® tablets may occur.)   
   
PACKAGING FOIPAN® Tablets 100 mg:  Boxes of 100, 200, 420, 500, 1,000 and 1,050 tablets 
in press-through packages and bottles of 500 and 1,000 tablets  
 
8.2. 
Bicalutamide  
Bicalutamide tablets contain >AZ mg of bicalutamide, a non-steroidal androgen receptor 
inhibitor with no other known endocrine activity. The chemical name is propanamide, N [\ 
cyano-@- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-@-[(\-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-?-hydroxy-?-methyl-,(+-). The 
structural and empirical formulas are:  
 
 
Bicalutamide has a molecular weight of \@Z.@=. The pKa is approximately >?. Bicalutamide is 
a fine white to off-white powder which is practically insoluble in water at @=°C (A mg per >ZZZ 
mL), slightly soluble in chloroform and absolute ethanol, sparingly soluble in methanol, and 
soluble in acetone and tetrahydrofuran. CASODEX is a racemate with its antiandrogenic 
activity being almost exclusively exhibited by the R-enantiomer of bicalutamide; the S-


 
 
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enantiomer is essentially inactive. The inactive ingredients of CASODEX tablets are lactose, 
magnesium stearate, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, polyvidone, sodium starch glycollate, 
and titanium dioxide. 
Bicalutamide is a non-steroidal androgen receptor inhibitor. It competitively inhibits the 
action of androgens by binding to cytosol androgen receptors in the target tissue. In clinical 
trials with bicalutamide as a single agent for prostate cancer, rises in serum testosterone and 
estradiol have been noted.  
 
TOXICOLOGY 
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity CASODEX is contraindicated in any patient who has 
shown a hypersensitivity reaction to the drug or any of the tablet’s components. 
Hypersensitivity reactions including angioneurotic edema and urticaria have been reported. 
CASODEX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman 
Warnings and precautions: Hepatitis Cases of death or hospitalization due to severe liver 
injury (hepatic failure) have been reported postmarketing in association with the use of 
CASODEX. Hepatotoxicity in these reports generally occurred within the first three to four 
months of treatment. Hepatitis or marked increases in liver enzymes leading to drug 
discontinuation occurred in approximately 1% of CASODEX patients in controlled clinical 
trials. Serum transaminase levels should be measured prior to starting treatment with 
CASODEX, at regular intervals for the first four months of treatment, and periodically 
thereafter. If clinical symptoms or signs suggestive of liver dysfunction occur (e.g., nausea, 
vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, “flu-like” symptoms, dark urine, jaundice, or right 
upper quadrant tenderness), the serum transaminases, in particular the serum ALT, should 
be measured immediately. If at any time a patient has jaundice, or their ALT rises above two 
times the upper limit of normal, CASODEX should be immediately discontinued with close 
follow-up of liver function.  
Hemorrhage with Concomitant Use of Coumarin Anticoagulant In the postmarketing 
setting, there have been reports of excessive prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) and 
International Normalized Ratio (INR) days to weeks after the introduction of CASODEX in 
patients who were previously stable on coumarin anticoagulants. Some patients had serious 
bleeding including intracranial, retroperitoneal, and gastrointestinal requiring blood 
transfusion and/or administration of vitamin K. Closely monitor the PT/INR, and adjust the 
anticoagulant dose as needed 
In clinical trials with CASODEX 150 mg as a single agent for prostate cancer, 
gynecomastia and breast pain have been reported in up to 38% and 39% of patients, 
respectively 
A reduction in glucose tolerance has been observed in males receiving LHRH agonists. 
This may manifest as diabetes or loss of glycemic control in those with pre-existing diabetes. 
Consideration should therefore be given to monitoring blood glucose in patients receiving 
CASODEX in combination with LHRH agonists. 
Regular assessments of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) may be helpful in monitoring 
the patient’s response.  
Adverse reactions:  
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates 
observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical 
trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. 6.1. Clinical Trials 
Experience In patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with CASODEX in combination 
with an LHRH analog, the most frequent adverse reaction was hot flashes (53%). In the multi-


 
 
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center, double-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing CASODEX 50 mg once daily with 
flutamide 250 mg three times a day, each in combination with an LHRH analog, the following 
adverse reactions with an incidence of 5% or greater, regardless of causality, have been 
reported.  
 
 


 
 
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Other adverse reactions (greater than or equal to 2%, but less than 5%) reported in the 
CASODEX-LHRH analog treatment group are listed below by body system and are in order 
of decreasing frequency within each body system regardless of causality. 
Body as a Whole: Neoplasm; Neck Pain; Fever; Chills; Sepsis; Hernia; Cyst Cardiovascular: 
Angina Pectoris; Congestive Heart Failure; Myocardial Infarct; Heart Arrest; Coronary Artery 
Disorder; Syncope Digestive: Melena; Rectal Hemorrhage; Dry Mouth; Dysphagia; 
Gastrointestinal Disorder; Periodontal Abscess; Gastrointestinal Carcinoma Metabolic and 
Nutritional: 
Edema; 
BUN 
Increased; 
Creatinine 
Increased; 
Dehydration; 
Gout; 
Hypercholesteremia Musculoskeletal: Myalgia; Leg Cramps Nervous: Hypertonia; Confusion; 
Somnolence; Libido Decreased; Neuropathy; Nervousness Respiratory: Lung Disorder; 
Asthma; Epistaxis; Sinusitis Skin and Appendages: Dry Skin; Alopecia; Pruritus; Herpes 
Zoster; Skin Carcinoma; Skin Disorder Special Senses: Cataract Specified Urogenital: 
Dysuria; Urinary Urgency; Hydronephrosis; Urinary Tract Disorder Abnormal Laboratory Test 
Values: Laboratory abnormalities including: elevated AST, ALT, bilirubin, BUN, and 


 
 
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creatinine; and decreased hemoglobin and white cell count, have been reported in both 
CASODEX-LHRH analog treated and flutamide- LHRH analog treated patients. 
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of 
bicalutamide. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain 
size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal 
relationship to drug exposure. Respiratory disorders: Interstitial lung disease (some fatal) 
including interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, most often at doses greater than AZ 
mg. Hemorrhage: Increased PT/INR due to interaction between coumadin anticoagulants and 
BICALUTAMIDE. Serious bleeding reported. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: 
Photosensitivity 
 
PHARMACOLOGY 
Pharmacokinetics:  Bicalutamide is well-absorbed following oral administration, although 
the absolute bioavailability is unknown. Co-administration of bicalutamide with food has 
no clinically significant effect on rate or extent of absorption.  
Bicalutamide is highly protein-bound (TY%). Bicalutamide undergoes stereospecific 
metabolism. The S (inactive) isomer is metabolized primarily by glucuronidation. The R 
(active) isomer also undergoes glucuronidation but is predominantly oxidized to an inactive 
metabolite followed by glucuronidation. Both the parent and metabolite glucuronides are 
eliminated in the urine and feces. The S-enantiomer is rapidly cleared relative to the R-
enantiomer, with the R-enantiomer accounting for about TT% of total steady-state plasma 
levels. 
Drug interactions: Clinical studies have not shown any drug interactions between bicalutamide 
and LHRH analogs (goserelin or leuprolide). There is no evidence that bicalutamide induces 
hepatic enzymes. In vitro studies have shown that R-bicalutamide is an inhibitor of CYP @A\ 
with lesser inhibitory effects on CYP ?CT, ?C>T and ?DY activity. Clinical studies have shown 
that with co-administration of bicalutamide, mean midazolam (a CYP @A\ substrate) levels 
may be increased >.A-fold (for Cmax) and >.T-fold (for AUC). Hence, caution should be 
exercised when bicalutamide is co-administered with CYP @A\ substrates. In vitro protein-
binding studies have shown that bicalutamide can displace coumadin anticoagulants from 
binding sites. PT/INR should be closely monitored in patients concomitantly receiving 
coumadin anticoagulants and bicalutamide. Adjustment of the anticoagulant dose may be 
necessary 
Females and Males of Reproductive Potential: Antiandrogen therapy may cause 
morphological changes in spermatozoa.  Based on findings in animal reproduction studies 
and its mechanism of action, advise male patients with female partners of reproductive 
potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for >@Z days after the final dose 
of bicalutamide. Based on animal studies, bicalutamide can lead to inhibition of 
spermatogenesis and may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential. The long-term 
effects of bicalutamide on male fertility have not been studied.  
Geriatric Use: In two studies in patients given AZ or >AZ mg daily, no significant relationship 
between age and steady-state levels of total bicalutamide or the active R-enantiomer has 
been shown.  
Hepatic Impairment: Bicalutamide should be used with caution in patients with moderate-to 
severe hepatic impairment. Bicalutamide is extensively metabolized by the liver. Limited data 
in subjects with severe hepatic impairment suggest that excretion of bicalutamide may be 
delayed and could lead to further accumulation. Periodic liver function tests should be 
considered for hepatic-impaired patients on long-term therapy. No clinically significant 


 
 
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difference in the pharmacokinetics of either enantiomer of bicalutamide was noted in patients 
with mild-to-moderate hepatic disease as compared to healthy controls. However, the half-life 
of the R-enantiomer was increased approximately =Y% (A.T and >Z.\ days for normal and 
impaired patients, respectively) in patients with severe liver disease (n=\).  
Renal Impairment: Renal impairment (as measured by creatinine clearance) had no significant 
effect on the elimination of total bicalutamide or the active R-enantiomer. 
Formulation:  Bicalutamide is prepared as round, film-coated green or white tablets containing 
standard excipients and AZ mg of the drug. 
Storage and stability:  All packages of bicalutamide should be stored securely in a dry place 
at room temperature. 
Route of Administration:  Bicalutamide is to be administered in tablet form as a once-daily oral 
dose.  Patients should be instructed to take one >AZmg pill once daily. 
Supplier:  Bicalutamide is commercially available 
9. Correlative Studies  
Correlative studies obtained will depend on available of Personal protective equipment 
(PPE) available for research staff and laboratory supplies available for research.  Testing 
will be done according to the study calendar (section 10).  
1) 
Naso/pharyngeal swabs and sputum/blood will be collected, pending available resources. 
Both investigational drugs are anticipated to disrupt viral replication, leading to a 
decrease in viral load with a faster time to a negative test/viral clearance.  To assess this 
we will look at viral kinetics with sampling per study calendar (section 10) 
(nasopharyngeal, sputum, blood).   
a. Viral load (quantitative) 
b. Viral clearance  
2) 
Peripheral Blood (~10cc): Serum and viably frozen PBMC fractions will be prepared from 
blood draws. We will evaluate: 
a. Serum hormone determination of estradiol, testosterone (free and total), 
luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. We hypothesize 
that bicalutamide administration will elevate estrogen levels within days of 
therapy initiation, which can engage pro-repair function in Tregs and other 
immune cell populations. Although there is robust data on estrogen elevation in 
patients treated with bicalutamide for prostate cancer, there is no data examining 
this in an acute timeframe.   
b. Serum antibody titers (and follow-up periods, if available) 
c. Serum measurement of cytokines (Mesoscale MSD) 
d. When sufficient sample available, MANAFEST assay for viral reactive T cell 
receptors and immunophenotyping 
e. When sufficient sample available, single cell RNA-seq of PBMC 
f. Additional aliquots of serum and PBMCs will be banked 
 
 


 
 
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10. 
Study Calendar 
 
Day of study 
 
Baseline/ 
screening Treatment 
Follow up 
(± 3 days) 
 
-3 to 0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7& 
21 
60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eligibility 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consent 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Randomization and drug dispensing* 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COVID-19 symptoms 
X^ 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
Follow-up visit (can be in person, via 
telephone or via telemedicine)** 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
Review of medical record for 
hospitalization, death, etca 
 
X 
Both arms standard of care 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
Experimental arm: Bicalutamide + 
camostat Treatment 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
Adverse events, con meds (including 
OTC medications), new infections*** 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab^^ 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
 
Clinical and study blood collection 
(CMPb, CBC and differential, 
coagulation, d-dimer, CK, CRP, ESR, 
ferritin) ^^ 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
 
Ultrasensitive PSA + sex hormonesc^^ 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
 
COVID-19 RNA testing (quantitative 
and qualitative) from blood, oral 
samples for research)^^ 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
 
Additional research blood draw (1 
tube)^^ 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
 
SARS-CoV-2 antibody analysis^^  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
 
*Study drug may be shipped to the patient.  See section 4.6 for information relevant to drug dispensing. 
Review of remaining pills and Study Drug Patient Diary may be conducted during a telemedicine visit. 
Copies of the Study Drug Patient Diary may be submitted to study staff by phone, email, fax, or mychart 
**If patients are admitted, we will get information from the medical record.   
***Any new infection that occurs on study will be recorded.  The site of infection and the source of culture 
(ie BAL, tracheal aspirate, sputum, blood, urine, etc.) will be recorded as well.   
aThe following will be recorded daily (as available) from hospital records: symptoms (see Appendix A), 
temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen 
saturation, height, weight, oxygen requirements and supplementary oxygen use, procedures (including 
intubation, renal replacement therapy, vasopressor/inotropic support, ECMO, etc), intermediate care unit 
duration, intensive care unit duration 
bCMP: Na, K, Cl, BUN, Cr, Ca, Tot Protein, Alb, bilirubin, AST, ALT, Alk phos, CO2 
cSex hormones: estradiol, free testosterone, total testosterone, FSH, LH  
& Day 7 labs may be collected +/- 3 days  
^ Record the number of days between the onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment.   
^^Optional: depending on availability of supplies and facilities (PPE and laboratory equipment availability 
for research).  If obtained for clinical reasons, will record results.  
In order to minimize the need for research-only in-person visits, telemedicine visits may be substituted for 
in person clinical trial visits or portions of clinical trial visits where determined to be appropriate and where 


 
 
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determined by the investigator not to increase the participants risks. Prior to initiating telemedicine for study 
visits the study team will explain to the participant, what a telemedicine visit entails and confirm that the 
study participant is in agreement and able to proceed with this method. Telemedicine acknowledgement 
will be obtained in accordance with the Guidance for Use of Telemedicine in Research. In the event 
telemedicine is not deemed feasible, the study visit will proceed as an in-person visit. Telemedicine visits 
will be conducted using HIPAA compliant method approved by the Health System and within licensing 
restrictions. 
 
11. 
Statistical considerations 
Our null hypothesis is that 20% of patients will require hospitalization by day 28.  This is based 
on internal data (from Dr. David Thiemann’s EPIC analysis team at Johns Hopkins Hospital) that 
demonstrates an overall hospitalization rate of 14% and a hospitalization rate of 18-20% in 
patients 60 years old and older.  We expect that each of the investigational treatment will reduce 
it to 2% or lower.  
The sample size of 20 in each investigational arm is determined based on the comparison to the 
control arm.  The design gives us 80% power to detect a decrease in hospitalization rate from 
20% in the control arm to 2% in the treatment arm, based on a one-sided Fisher’s exact test with 
type I error of 0.25.  
If we observe 1 or less patient hospitalized within 28 days since randomization in an 
investigational arm, we reject the null rate of 20% in favor of 4% or less hospitalization rate with 
that treatment. Table 1 lists the 90% confidence intervals for various scenarios of observed 
proportion of hospitalized patients.  Table 2 shows the probability of observing 1 or less 
hospitalized patient under various true rates.  If the true rate is 20% in Arm B or Arm C, the chance 
of observing only 1 or less hospitalization is low at 7%; and that chance is greater than 80% if the 
true hospitalization rate is 4% or lower. Given this is a small study, and the true effect size is 
unknown, the estimates and safety generated in this trial will be used to inform power calculations 
of a larger, confirmatory trial.   
Table 1.  Confidence intervals for various observed proportions of hospitalized patients in each 
arm.   
Observed # of hospitalizations  
(out of 20) 
Observed 
hospitalization rate 
90% CI (Wilson method) 
0 
0% 
[0, 11.9%] 
1 
5% 
[1.1%, 19.6%] 
2 
10% 
[3.4%, 26.2%] 
3 
15% 
[6.2%, 32.2%] 
4 
20% 
[9.3%, 37.8%] 
5 
25% 
[12.7%, 43.2%] 
6 
30% 
[16.4%, 48.4%] 
7 
35% 
[20.2%, 53.3%] 
8 
40% 
[24.2%, 58.1%] 
 
 
 


 
 
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Table 2.  True hospitalization rate and probability of observing 1 or less hospitalization for each 
arm.  
True 
hospitalization 
rate 
Probability of observing 1 or less 
hospitalization (out of 20 patients) 
1% 
98% 
2% 
94% 
3% 
88% 
4% 
81% 
5% 
74% 
6% 
66% 
10% 
39% 
15% 
18% 
20% 
7% 
25% 
2% 
 
11.1. 
Analysis of primary endpoint:  
The % of patients admitted to the hospital or died will be estimated for each arm as the 
proportion of patients who are hospitalized or die by day 28 since randomization along with 
TA% confidence interval. The secondary analysis of comparison between arms will be 
conducted using Fisher’s exact test.  
11.2. 
Analysis of the secondary and exploratory endpoints 
The proportion of people with symptoms will be compared to the proportion of people 
without symptoms and compared using chi-squared test. Proportions with drug-related 
adverse events and serious adverse events will be compared using chi-squared test.  All-
cause mortality at day 60 will be compared using Fisher’s exact test and a time to event 
analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods will be used to compare the two arms.   
Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize and compare the exploratory endpoints. 
12. 
Data reporting/Regulatory requirements 
The Principal Investigator will comply with all regulated local reporting requirements and 
regulations, including ICH E6 guidelines for Good Clinical Practices. 
 
12.1.   Data Collection and Processing 
All information will be collected on study-specific CRFs by study staff. These data will be 
reviewed for completeness and accuracy by the Principal Investigator.  
CRFs will be used to capture study results and data. The study coordinator or other authorized 
study personnel will transcribe data from source documents onto eCRFs. Before or between 
visits, the Principal Investigator, or designee may request copies of the CRFs for preliminary 
medical review. Once the CRFs are complete and source-verified, the investigator must sign 
and date all required pages, verifying the accuracy of all data contained within the CRF. 


 
 
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12.2.   Safety Meetings 
Scheduled meetings will take place weekly (or as needed based on enrollment) and will 
include the principal investigator, study coordinator(s), research nurse(s), sub-investigators 
(as appropriate), collaborators (as appropriate), and biostatisticians (as appropriate) involved 
with the conduct of the protocol. During these meetings, matters related to the following will 
be discussed: safety of protocol participants, validity and integrity of the data, enrollment rate 
relative to expectation, characteristics of participants, retention of participants, adherence to 
protocol (potential or real protocol violations), data completeness, and progress of data for 
objectives. 
12.3.   Monitoring 
Eligibility for all patients will be monitored by the Principal Investigator. The PI 
safety/treatment-related outcomes, response assessments, safety reports and/or any related 
source documentation. 
 
There will be a COVID Institutional DSMB, chaired by Dr. Elizabeth Jaffee. Every SAE and 
every death will be reported to the DSMB. The DSMB chair will determine if the DSMB needs 
to convene to discuss the event(s), which will occur within 24 hours of the report. The DSMB 
will meet after the first 10 patients are enrolled for each treatment arm to review the clinically 
available information, to determine if the study can proceed.  The DSMB will also meet every 
3 months while the study is open to monitor safety.  
12.4. 
Study Documentation 
12.4.1. 
Informed consent process  
The informed consent process will be initiated before a volunteer agrees to participate in 
the study and should continue throughout the individual’s study participation. The subject 
will sign the informed consent document before any procedures are undertaken for the 
study. A copy of the signed informed consent document will be given to the subject for 
their records. The consent will explain that subjects may withdraw consent at any time 
throughout the course of the trial. Extensive explanation and discussion of risks and 
possible benefits of this investigation will be provided to the subjects in understandable 
language. Adequate time will be provided to ensure that the subject has time to consider 
and discuss participation in the protocol. The consent will describe in detail the study 
interventions/products and risks/benefits associated with participation in the study. The 
rights and welfare of the subjects will be protected by emphasizing that their access to 
and the quality of medical care will not be adversely affected if they decline to participate 
in this study. 
12.4.2. 
Subject Confidentiality 
Subject confidentiality is strictly held in trust by the participating investigators and their 
staff. No information concerning the study or the data will be released to any unauthorized 
third party without prior written approval of the Principal Investigator. The results of the 
research study may be published, but subjects’ names or identifiers will not be revealed. 
Records will remain confidential. To maintain confidentiality, the PI will be responsible for 
keeping records in a locked area and results of tests coded to prevent association with 
subjects’ names.  Data entered into computerized files will be accessible only by 
authorized personnel directly involved with the study and will be coded.  Subjects’ records 


 
 
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will be available to the FDA, the NIH, the manufacturer of the study product and their 
representatives, investigators at the site involved with the study, and the IRB. 
12.4.3. 
Future Use of Stored Specimens 
Subjects will be asked for consent to use their samples for future testing before the sample 
is obtained. The confidentiality of the subject will be maintained. There will be no plans to 
re-contact them for consent or to inform them of results.  
 
Samples would not be shared with investigators other than investigators at JHU unless 
outside investigators had relevant assays or expertise not available to the study 
investigators. The specimens would remain linked and at JHU. Any use of these 
specimens not specified in the current protocol will be reviewed by the JHU IRB. 
12.4.4. 
Study Record Retention 
The site investigator is responsible for retaining all essential documents listed in the ICH 
GCP Guidelines. The FDA requires study records to be retained for up to 2 years after 
marketing approval or disapproval (21 CFR 312.62), or until at least 2 years have elapsed 
since the formal discontinuation of clinical development of the investigational agent for a 
specific indication. These records are also to be maintained in compliance with IRB/IEC, 
state, and federal medical records retention requirements, whichever is longest. All stored 
records are to be kept confidential to the extent provided by federal, state, and local law. 
It is the site investigator’s responsibility to retain copies of source documents. 
 
No study document should be destroyed without prior approval from the Principal 
Investigator and IND Sponsor. Should the investigator wish to assign the study records 
to another party and/or move them to another location, the site investigator must provide 
written notification of such intent to sponsor with the name of the person who will accept 
responsibility for the transferred records and/or their new location. The sponsor must be 
notified in writing and written permission must be received by the site prior to destruction 
or relocation of research records. 
 
13.       Multicenter Guidelines 
 
 Protocol Chair 
 The Protocol Chair is responsible for performing the following tasks: 
 Coordinating, developing, submitting, and obtaining approval for the 
protocol 
 as well as its subsequent amendments 
 Assuring that all participating institutions are using the correct version of the 
protocol. 
 Taking responsibility for the overall conduct of the study at all participating 
institutions and for monitoring the progress of the study. 
 Reviewing and ensuring reporting of Serious Adverse Events (SAE) 
 Reviewing data from all sites 
  
CRO Coordinating Center 


 
 
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The CRO Coordinating Center is responsible for performing the following tasks: 
 Ensuring that IRB approval has been obtained at each participating site 
prior to the first patient registration at that site, and maintaining copies of 
IRB approvals from each site. 
 Managing central patient registration. 
 Collecting and compiling data from each site. 
 Establishing procedures for documentation, reporting, and submitting of 
AE’s and SAE’s to the Protocol Chair, and all applicable parties. 
 Facilitating audits by securing selected source documents and research 
records from participating sites for audit, or by auditing at participating sites. 
 
 Participating Sites 
Participating sites are responsible for performing the following tasks: 
 Following the protocol as written, and the guidelines of Good Clinical 
Practice (GCP). 
 Submitting data to the Coordinating Center. 
 Registering all patients with the Coordinating Center by submitting patient 
registration form, and signed informed consent promptly. 
 Providing sufficient experienced clinical and administrative staff and 
adequate facilities and equipment to conduct a collaborative trial 
according to the protocol. 
 Maintaining regulatory binders on site and providing copies of all required 
documents to the Coordinating Center. 
 
Principal Investigator Responsibilities 
The Protocol Chair is responsible for performing the following tasks: 
 Coordinating, developing, submitting, and obtaining approval for the 
protocol as well as its subsequent amendments. 
 Assuring that the correct version of the protocol is used. 
 Taking responsibility for the overall conduct of the study and for monitoring 
the progress of the study. 
 Reviewing and ensuring reporting of Serious Adverse Events (SAE). 
 Reviewing data from all sites. 
 
 
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Appendix A.  Symptom Assessment  
 
Adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Severe Acute Respiratory and 
emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) Case Report Form 
https://isaric.tghn.org/COVID-19-CRF/ 
Date: _________________ 
Day of study: ___________ 
Symptom 
Yes 
If, yes: Severity 
(mild, moderate, severe) 
No 
Unknown 
Fever 
 
 
 
 
Sore throat 
 
 
 
 
Runny nose 
 
 
 
 
Wheezing 
 
 
 
 
Shortness of breath 
 
 
 
 
Cough 
 
 
 
 
Lower chest wall retraction 
(goes in when taking a 
breath) 
 
 
 
 
Chest pain 
 
 
 
 
Conjunctivitis (redness of 
eyes) 
 
 
 
 
Lymphadenopathy (swelling 
of lymph nodes) 
 
 
 
 
Headache 
 
 
 
 
Loss of smell 
 
 
 
 
Loss of taste 
 
 
 
 
Seizures 
 
 
 
 
Fatigue/malaise 
 
 
 
 
Anorexia (not eating) 
 
 
 
 
Altered consciousness/ 
confusion 
 
 
 
 
Muscle aches (myalgia) 
 
 
 
 
Joint pain (arthralgia) 
 
 
 
 
Inability to walk 
 
 
 
 
Abdominal pain 
 
 
 
 
Diarrhea 
 
 
 
 
Vomiting 
 
 
 
 
Nausea 
 
 
 
 
Skin rash 
 
 
 
 
Bleeding  
(if yes, specify sites) 
 
 
 
 
Other symptoms:  
(if yes, specify)