Clinical trial NCT00416351
Conditions: Leukemia Lymphoma Small Intestine Cancer
Keywords: anaplastic large cell lymphoma angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma recurrent adult lymphoblastic lymphoma recurrent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma recurrent mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome adult nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma prolymphocytic leukemia childhood nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma recurrent childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma recurrent cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma small intestine lymphoma
Sponsor: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Start date: 2006-06-27; Completion date: 2021-03-01
Enrollment: 29 participants; Allocation: NA; Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP

Brief summary:
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as clofarabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.

PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of clofarabine and to see how well it works in treating patients with T-cell or natural killer-cell lymphoma that has relapsed or not responded to previous treatment.

Detailed description:
OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* Determine the maximum tolerated dose of clofarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell or natural killer-cell lymphoma.
* Determine the toxicity of this drug in these patients.
* Determine, preliminarily, the efficacy of this drug, in terms of response rate, in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, non-randomized, dose-escalation study followed by an open-label, phase II study.

* Phase I: Patients receive clofarabine IV over 1 hour once daily on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving stable disease or partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) may receive 2 additional courses of treatment. Patients with PR or CR after completing 4 courses of therapy may receive 2 additional courses.

Cohorts of 1-6 patients receive escalating doses of clofarabine until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. The MTD is defined as the dose preceding that at which at least 2 of 6 patients experience dose-limiting toxicity.

* Phase II: Patients receive clofarabine as in phase I at the MTD determined in phase I.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years.

Arms: arm 1: Patients will receive intravenous clofarabine once daily for three consecutive days. Doses of clofarabine will start at 4 mg/m2/day and will be escalated to higher dose levels.
Interventions: intervention 1: clofarabine
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: None

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended:8/26/08 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A Phase I/II Study of Clofarabine in Patients with Relapsed T-cell and NK-Cell 
Lymphomas 
 
THERAPEUTIC/DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOL 
 
 
Principal Investigator: 
STEVEN HORWITZ, M.D. 
 
 
Co-Principal Investigator(s): 
ANDREW ZELENETZ, M.D. Ph.D 
 
 
Investigator(s): 
PAUL HAMLIN M.D. 
TARUN KEWALRAMANI, M.D. 
CRAIG MOSKOWITZ M.D 
ARIELA NOY M.D. 
M. LIA PALOMBA M.D. 
CAROL PORTLOCK, M.D. 
DAVID STRAUS M.D 
MATT MATASAR, MD 
TANYA TRIPPETT, M.D. 
DANIEL FILIPPA M.D. 
JULIE FELDSTEIN M.D. 
OSCAR LIN M.D. 
ENNAPADAM VENKATRAMAN Ph.D. 
OTILIA DUMITRESCU M.D. 
JOHN GERECITANO, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
 
Consenting Professional(s): 
STEVEN HORWITZ, M.D. 
ANDREW ZELENETZ, M.D. Ph.D. 
TANYA TRIPPETT, M.D. 
PAUL HAMLIN M.D. 
MATT MATASAR, MD 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended:8/26/08 
 
 
 
 
Please Note: A Consenting Professional must have completed the mandatory Human 
Subjects Education and Certification Program. 
 
Collaborating Institution(s): 
Deborah Mulford, M.D. (Co-Principal Investigator) 
University of Rochester Medical Center 
James P. Wilmont Cancer Center 
Leukemia Program 
601 Elmwood Avenue Box 704 
Rochester, NY 14642 
Phone: (585) 275-4099 
Fax: (585) 276-0350 
Deborah_Mulford@URMC.Rochester.edu 
 
Brad Pohlman, M.D. (Co-Principal Investigator) 
The Cleveland Clinic 
Hematology and Oncology Department 
9500 Euclid Ave., R32           
Cleveland, OH 44195 
Phone: (216) 445-3796 
Fax: (216) 445-7444 
POHLMAB@ccf.org 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
1275 York Ave. 
New York, NY 10021 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended:8/26/08 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 
THERAPEUTIC/DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOL ........................................................................................................ 1 
1.0 PROTOCOL SUMMARY AND/OR SCHEMA ................................................................................................. 1 
2.0   OBJECTIVES AND SCIENTIFIC AIMS ......................................................................................................... 2 
3.0  BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ................................................................................................................. 2 
3.1 T-CELL LYMPHOMAS-CLASSIFICATION ................................................................................................................ 2 
3.2 T-CELL LYMPHOMAS: PROGNOSIS ....................................................................................................................... 3 
3.3 RELAPSED AND REFRACTORY T-CELL LYMPHOMAS: THERAPY ........................................................................... 3 
3.4 RATIONALE FOR USE OF CLOFARBINE IN RELAPSED AND REFRACTORY T- AND NK- CELL LYMPHOMA ................ 5 
4.0 OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN/INTERVENTION ..................................................................................... 7 
4.1 DESIGN................................................................................................................................................................ 7 
4.2 INTERVENTION .................................................................................................................................................... 7 
4.3 
DURATION OF THERAPY ............................................................................................................................... 8 
5.0 
THERAPEUTIC/DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS ................................................................................................ 8 
5.1 CLOFARABINE ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 
6.0 CRITERIA FOR SUBJECT ELIGIBILITY .................................................................................................... 11 
6.1 SUBJECT INCLUSION CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................... 11 
6.2 SUBJECT EXCLUSION CRITERIA ......................................................................................................................... 12 
7.0 
RECRUITMENT PLAN ............................................................................................................................. 13 
8.0 
PRETREATMENT EVALUATION .......................................................................................................... 13 
9.0 
TREATMENT/INTERVENTION PLAN .................................................................................................. 14 
9.1 PRE-TREATMENT PROCEDURES ......................................................................................................................... 14 
9.2 CLOFARABINE .................................................................................................................................................... 14 
9.3 SUPPORTIVE MEDICATION (STANDARD) ............................................................................................................ 15 
9.4 RE-TREATMENT CRITERIA ................................................................................................................................. 15 
9.5 INTERIM LABORATORY EVALUATION ................................................................................................................ 16 
9.6 RESTAGING ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 
9.7 TREATMENT BEYOND 2 CYCLES ......................................................................................................................... 16 
9.8 DOSE REDUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 17 
10.0 
EVALUATION DURING TREATMENT/INTERVENTION ............................................................... 17 
11.0  TOXICITIES/SIDE EFFECTS ........................................................................................................................ 19 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended:8/26/08 
 
 
11.1 DEFINITIONS OF AE’S ................................................................................................................................... 19 
11.2 
SERIOUS ADVERSE EXPERIENCE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.................................................................... 20 
11.3 SAE FOLLOWUP .............................................................................................................................................. 20 
12.0 
CRITERIA FOR THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE/OUTCOME ASSESSMENT ..................................... 20 
13.0 
CRITERIA FOR REMOVAL FROM STUDY ......................................................................................... 22 
14.0 
BIOSTATISTICS ........................................................................................................................................ 23 
14.1 STUDY ENDPOINTS ........................................................................................................................................... 23 
14.2 STUDY DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................. 23 
14.3 DOSE-ESCALATION OF CLOFARABINE .............................................................................................................. 23 
14.3.3 OBSERVATION PERIOD .................................................................................................................................. 26 
14.4 DEFINITIONS OF DLT AND MTD ..................................................................................................................... 26 
14.5 TOXICITY AND RESPONSE ................................................................................................................................ 27 
14.6 PATIENT ACCRUAL AND DURATION OF STUDY ................................................................................................ 27 
15.0 
SUBJECT REGISTRATION AND RANDOMIZATION PROCEDURES............................................ 27 
15.1 SUBJECT REGISTRATION ................................................................................................................................. 27 
15.2 RANDOMIZATION ............................................................................................................................................ 29 
16.0 
DATA MANAGEMENT ISSUES ............................................................................................................. 29 
16.1 
QUALITY ASSURANCE ............................................................................................................................... 29 
16.2 
DATA AND SAFETY MONITORING .............................................................................................................. 30 
17.0 
PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS ................................................................................................ 30 
17.1 PRIVACY ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 
17.2 SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENT (SAE) REPORTING ................................................................................................. 31 
18.1 RESEARCH AUTHORIZATION ........................................................................................................................... 32 
19.0 
REFERENCE(S) .......................................................................................................................................... 33 


Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
- 1 - 
 
 
IRB#:06-065A(4) 
 
1.0 PROTOCOL SUMMARY AND/OR SCHEMA 
 
This is a phase I/II trial of clofarabine for the treatment of patients with relapsed or 
refractory mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas. Earlier and ongoing phase I and II trials 
established safety and anti-tumor activity of clofarabine in patients with acute leukemia 
and solid tumors. The only two patients with T- and NK-cell lymphoma/leukemia who 
were treated with clofarabine had complete responses which led to our interest in 
studying this agent in patients with T- and NK-cell lymphoma. 
 
With the exception of ALK-1 expressing ALCL and certain pediatric lymphomas, T-cell 
lymphomas are a heterogeneous and poor prognostic subset of non-Hodgkin’s 
lymphomas (NHL). Overall, standard chemotherapy regimens achieve complete 
responses in about 40% of patients and produce 2- and 5-year survival rates of 20 – 30% 
[1-3]. In more specific analyses, outcomes for patients with intermediate or poor 
prognosis based upon the international prognostic index (IPI) have a 0 - 23% survival at 
five years and a 0 - 10% failure-free survival with no plateau on the curves suggesting 
that very few of these patients are cured of their disease [2-4]. 
 
The long-term goal of this research is to improve outcomes for these patients by 
identifying new agents with activity against T-cell lymphomas in the hope of generating 
more effective treatment regimens. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the 
utility of clofarabine in the treatment of T- and NK- cell lymphoma by defining the 
maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in these patients.  
A preliminary assessment of efficacy will also be made by enrolling an expanded cohort 
of patients at the MTD in the phase II portion of the study. 
 
The study population is patients with relapsed or refractory T- or NK-cell lymphoma of 
with the following histologies: blastic NK-cell lymphoma, adult t-cell 
lymphoma/leukemia, t-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, t-lymphoblastic lymphoma, 
unspecified peripheral t-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma, anaplastic 
large cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, enteropathy-type 
t-cell lymphoma and hepatosplenic  t-cell lymphoma. 
 
 
Patients eligible for treatment on this protocol will be treated with intravenous clofarabine 
for three consecutive days approximately every three weeks. For the phase I           
portion of the trial, an accelerated titration design will be utilized until certain toxicity 
criteria have been met. Then, a standard titration design will be used for the remainder of 
the phase I portion of the trial. Once the maximum tolerated dose has been defined, a 
Simon minimax two-stage design will initiate. To complete this study, we expect to 
enroll 20-38 patients over 18 months. 
 
 
 
Amended: 8/26/08 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 2 - 
 
 
 
 
2.1 OBJECTIVES AND SCIENTIFIC AIMS 
 
• To determine the maximum tolerated dose of intravenous clofarabine using the schedule 
outlined below that can be administered safely to patients with relapsed and refractory T- 
and NK-cell lymphomas. 
• To define the toxicity of clofarabine using the proposed schedule in patients with 
relapsed and refractory T- and NK-cell lymphomas. 
• To make a preliminary assessment of efficacy of intravenous clofarabine at the maximum 
tolerated dose in patients with relapsed and refractory T- and NK-cell lymphomas. 
o The primary statistical endpoint to evaluate efficacy in the phase II portion will be 
response rate. Data will also be collected on response duration. 
 
3.1 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 
 
3.2 T-cell lymphomas-Classification 
 
T- and NK-cell lymphomas form a heterogeneous group of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas 
(NHLs). They are relatively uncommon, comprising 10-15% of all newly diagnosed 
NHL in the U.S.  The proportions are reversed in Asia where 70-80% of NHL may be of 
the T-cell phenotype. Under the World Health Organization (WHO) classification 
schema, T-cell lymphomas are divided into disorders that are precursor T-cells, 
predominantly extranodal or predominantly nodal lymphomas. These categories are 
further subclassified into the following entities: 
 
Precursor T-cell 
lymphoma/leukemia 
Predominantly Nodal 
Predominantly Extranodal 
Blastic NK-cell lymphoma 
Peripheral T-cell 
Lymphoma, unspecified 
Transformed Mycosis Fungoides 
NK/T-cell 
lymphoma/leukemia 
Adult T-cell 
lymphoma/leukemia 
T-cell prolymphocytic 
leukemia 
Angioimmunoblastic T- 
cell lymphoma 
Anaplastic Large Cell 
lymphoma 
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T- 
cell lymphoma 
NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 
 
Enteropathy-type T-cell 
lymphoma 
T-lymphoblastic lymphoma 
Hepatosplenic  T-cell 
lymphoma 
T-cell Large Granular 
Lymphocytic Leukemia 
Lymphomatoid papulosis 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 3 - 
 
 
 
 
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large 
cell lymphoma 
Mycosis Fungoides/ Sezary 
Syndrome 
 
Entities in bold type are eligible for this trial 
 
 
3.3 T-cell Lymphomas: Prognosis 
 
Most of the T- and NK-cell lymphomas are aggressive diseases requiring systemic 
chemotherapy and are associated with a poorer prognosis compared to their B-cell 
counterparts. Larger clinical series of T-cell lymphomas report median survivals of less 
than 2 years [1-3] and 5-year survival rates between 20-30% [1-4]. Failure-free survival 
for IPI intermediate and high risk patients is between 0-10% in the larger series with no 
plateau on the curves for these populations [2-4].  This poor prognosis is related to both 
decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy with lower response rates than their intermediate 
grade B-cell counterparts as well as a propensity for T-cell lymphomas to present with 
poor risk factors. In the series by Lopez-Guillermo, only 43% (62/144) of patients with 
non-anaplastic large cell T-cell lymphoma achieved a complete response (CR) while a 
nearly equivalent number, 41% (59/144) were non-responders to therapy [2].  Poor risk 
patients had similarly poor response rates in other studies with CR rates of 42% and 39% 
[4, 5]. 
 
3.4 Relapsed and Refractory T-cell Lymphomas: Therapy 
 
There are few studies which specifically investigate optimal treatment regimens for 
patients with T-cell lymphomas. Instead, most patients with T- or NK-cell lymphomas 
have been treated like aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Based on a retrospective analysis of 
a series of T-cell patients, the prognosis for T-cell lymphomas is worse than B-cell 
lymphomas. This difference is primarily seen among the high and high-intermediate risk 
patients by International Prognostic Index (IPI).  Five-year overall survival and disease- 
free survival were only 26% and 20%, respectively. Hence, many patients with T-cell 
lymphomas fail to achieve a complete response to initial therapy, and many others 
experience an early relapse [3, 6]. For example, 50% of patients with peripheral T-cell 
lymphoma present with stage IV disease which is associated with a 10% four-year 
disease-free survival [7]. Therefore, while T- and NK- lymphomas are not common, 
most patients will relapse and become refractory to therapy. 
High dose therapy followed by an autologous transplant or less commonly an allogeneic 
stem cell transplant is a common treatment strategy for relapsed and refractory T-cell 
lymphomas. Transplantation has only been successful in patients with chemosensitive 
disease. For those patients who have chemosensitive disease and are transplanted, a 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 4 - 
 
 
 
 
subset of patients will be cured. The remainder of these patients, who either are not 
chemosensitive at relapse or relapse after high dose therapy and stem cell transplantation, 
are left without curative treatment options. In order to improve the outcome in this patient 
population, novel agents need to be investigated to find an effective treatment regimen. 
There have been relatively few studies exploring the utility of specific agents in relapsed 
T-cell lymphomas. Existing data is largely limited to small series, pilot studies, and 
retrospective experience. These results are described below. 
For patients with relapsed and refractory T-cell lymphomas (T-cell NHL), 
deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) has been utilized with some success. It has been associated 
with a 50% overall response rate (ORR) and a 7% CR in relapsed patients with T-cell 
NHL (n=14). Despite its relatively high response rate in these heavily-pretreated    
patients, the median duration of response was only 6 months [8]. Another 
deoxycoformycin study conducted in relapsed/refractory mature T-cell malignancies 
showed an ORR of 38%. Greater than 50% of the responses were seen in patients with 
Sezary syndrome. Forty-eight percent of patients with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia 
(T-PLL) responded to deoxycoformycin; three of whom had a CR lasting 8 -12 months 
[9]. Although single-agent deoxycoformycin may be active in many T-cell malignancies, 
the responses are not durable. 
There are two series of patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphoma treated with 
gemcitabine, a deoxycytidine analogue. In a small study of 10 patients who had 2 – 3 
prior therapies for their T-cell lymphoma, 1200 mg/m2 of weekly gemcitabine resulted in 
a 60% ORR and a 20% CR, with a median duration of response of 13.5 months [10]. 
Forty-four patients with previously treated mycosis fungoides and peripheral T-cell 
lymphoma (PTCL) were enrolled in a larger phase II trial and treated with the same dose 
and schedule of gemcitabine. Seventy percent responded to therapy; 11% of whom 
achieved a CR. Treatment with gemcitabine was well-tolerated and resulted in a 15 
month median duration of response in patients achieving a CR. 
Alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody has been used in the 
treatment of relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphomas, particularly in T-PLL and PTCL. 
Keating, et al conducted a retrospective analysis of 76 patients with heavily pretreated T- 
PLL. These patients achieved a 51% ORR and a 39.5% CR. The median time to 
progression (TTP) was 4.5 months [11]. In a prospective phase II trial, patients with 
relapsed T-PLL who were treated with alemtuzumab achieved a 76% ORR and a 60% 
CR. The median disease-free interval was 7 months, a significant improvement from the 
brief response (3 months) associated with conventional CHOP therapy or pentostatin 
[12]. In another phase II trial, alemtuzumab was given to 14 patients with heavily- 
pretreated PTCL and found to have an ORR 36%. However, these positive results were 
mitigated by a high treatment-related mortality of 35% [13]. 
Denileukin diftitox, or ONTAK, a fusion protein composed of the receptor-binding 
domain of IL-2 and diphtheria toxin, is approved for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 5 - 
 
 
 
 
Preliminary results from a phase II study of denileukin diftitox in relapsed/refractory B- 
and T-cell NHL demonstrated an ORR of 21% (n= 28). Responses were seen in both B- 
and T-cell lymphomas as well as CD25+ and CD25- tumors [14]. Other studies using 
denileukin diftitox as a single agent and in combination with CHOP for the treatment of 
PTCL are underway. 
3.5 Rationale for use of clofarabine in relapsed and refractory T- and NK- cell 
lymphoma 
 
T- and NK-cell lymphomas are rare malignancies and comprise a poor prognosis subset 
of NHL. With the exception of transplantation which cures only a minority of patients, 
there are no curative options for patients with relapsed T-cell malignancies. Many of 
these patients are refractory to standard chemotherapy and thus, they are not candidates 
for high dose therapy and stem cell transplantation. Even among the patients who 
received transplants, many will relapse and die of their disease. Due to the lack of 
effective treatments for the majority of those with T- and NK-cell lymphoma, active 
drugs are sought to ultimately improve the long-term outcome of these patients. 
 
Nucleoside analogues are widely utilized and among the most active agents for the 
treatment of hematologic malignancies. The cytosine analogue, gemcitabine, is active 
against both Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. As mentioned in section 3.3, this 
agent also has activity against relapsed and refractory T-cell lymphoma [10, 15]. A 
guanosine analog, nelzarabine or arabinosyl guanine prodrug, has activity against T-cell 
ALL and CLL [16]. The deoxyadenosine analogues, fludarabine, cladribine and 
deoxycoformycin, have varying degrees of activity against CLL, hairy cell leukemia, 
lymphoma and Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. In several studies, deoxycoformycin 
has produced responses in patients with T-cell malignancies. At Memorial Sloan- 
Kettering Cancer Center, the use of deoxycoformycin is also being explored as part of an 
upfront combination treatment regimen for patients with T-cell NHL. 
 
Clofarabine, a second-generation deoxyadenosine analogue, was developed in order to 
increase efficacy and minimize toxicity compared to the first-generation agents such as 
fludarabine, cladribine, and deoxycoformycin. Like fludarabine and cladribine, it 
requires intracellular phosphorylation by deoxycitidine kinase to be metabolized to the 
cytotoxic triphosphate form. Fludarabine inhibits DNA synthesis through DNA 
polymerase; whereas, cladribine accomplishes this task through inhibition of 
ribonucleotide reductase. Clofarabine triphosphate inhibits both DNA polymerase and 
ribonucleotide reductase. In addition to its more potent inhibition of DNA synthesis, 
clofarabine is also an attractive agent to investigate based on promising results in early 
trials for both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. 
 
In a phase I trial conducted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, a 16% overall response 
rate was observed in adult patients with relapsed acute leukemia who were treated with 5 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 6 - 
 
 
 
 
days of clofarabine at doses between 11.25 and 55 mg/m2/d. Six patients with either CLL 
or lymphoma were also treated on this protocol at lower doses. Two of the CLL patients 
had a partial response at the 15 mg/m2/d dose [17]. In another phase I trial conducted in 
heavily pretreated pediatric patients with acute leukemia, a 32% overall response rate was 
observed; 20% of whom achieved a complete remission. Thirty-two percent of adult 
patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia achieved a complete response 
in a phase 2 trial conducted by Kantarjian, et al [18]. Additional trials with clofarabine are 
ongoing in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma and ALL. 
 
To date, only two patients with T- or NK-cell lymphoma have been treated with 
clofarabine; both of whom achieved a complete response. In the 3 phase I/II trials 
mentioned above, there was one patient with a T-cell malignancy who was treated with 
clofarabine [19]. This patient achieved a complete remission after failing to respond to 3 
prior regimens. To our knowledge, only one other patient with a T-cell malignancy has 
been treated with this agent. This patient had recurrent T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma 
and achieved a complete remission after 2 cycles of clofarabine (52 mg/m2/d for 5 days). 
He was treated on protocol at this institution and failed 3 prior salvage therapies.  Further 
study of clofarabine is warranted given the limited treatment options for patients with T- 
or NK-cell lymphoma. 
 
In the phase I trial of patients with both solid and hematologic malignancies, there were 
two dose-limiting toxicities [17]. In the patients with solid tumors including those with 
CLL and lymphoma, the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. For these 
patients, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined at 2 mg/m2/d for 5 days. 
Myelosuppressive toxicity was graded differently for patients with acute leukemia. For 
these patients, failure of the leukocyte count to return to normal within 6 weeks of 
initiation of therapy was a dose-limiting toxicity. Since prolonged myelosuppression was 
not observed in the patients with acute leukemia, the dose of clofarabine was escalated to 
55 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days. Two of the 4 patients treated at 55 mg/m2/d had a 
grade 3 hepatic toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose for this group of patients was 40 
mg/m2/d for 5 days. 
 
The animal studies and early phase I/II trials of clofarabine have used the 5 consecutive 
day schedule based on prior experience utilizing this schedule in other nucleoside 
analogues such as fludarabine. The only alternative dosing schedule studied for 
clofarabine is once weekly. Results utilizing the once weekly dosing have not been 
reported to date. Plasma pharmacokinetic data performed in the phase II trial 
investigating the use of clofarabine in patients with relapsed leukemia demonstrated a 
higher plasma clofarabine triphosphate level at the end of infusion on day 3 compared to 
the levels at the end of days 1 and 2.  More specifically, the level was 10 μM, 20 μM, 
and 25 μM at the end of the second, third and fourth infusion, respectively. In a second 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 7 - 
 
 
 
 
patient, the clofarabine triphosphate concentration in the plasma increased more rapidly 
(30 μM at the end of the first infusion to 65 μM at the end of day 3) [17-19]. 
 
Due to the variability in the plasma clofarabine triphosphate levels and lack of rationale 
for a 5 consecutive day schedule, we are proposing an alternative schedule. Lymphomas 
are particularly sensitive to other purine analogues as evidenced by increased retention of 
plasma triphosphate concentrations. For example, the elimination half-life of fludarabine 
is much longer in patients with lymphoid malignancies compared to relapsed leukemia 
(24 hours vs. 7 hours). In the phase II clofarabine study, high levels of plasma 
triphosphate (40 μM) were required to achieve the maximum tolerated dose in relapsed 
leukemia. The triphosphate level within the blasts was less than 5 μM [18]. Since most 
of the patients treated on phase I trials have been relapsed leukemia patients, the 
pharmacodynamics for patients with lymphoid neoplasms in unknown. Because of 
increased lymphoid cell sensitivity to purine analogs and the possibility of longer 
elimination as well as our belief that single dosing is suboptimal, a 3 consecutive day 
schedule is being proposed for this study. 
 
As clofarabine will be administered for 3 consecutive days instead of 5 days, the starting 
dose for the first cohort of patients was increased to 4 mg/m2/d. This dose is similar to the 
MTD for solid tumor patients (12 mg/m2/wk compared to 10 mg/m2/wk for those who 
were treated at the MTD with the 5 day schedule). The DLT at this dose in the solid  
tumor study was myelosuppression. Since duration but not degree of myelosuppression is 
a defined DLT in this study and this dose was safe in other ways, we have chosen it as our 
starting dose and expect the MTD to occur at a higher dose level than observed in patients 
with solid malignancies but lower than that of the leukemia patients (200          
mg/m2/wk). [17]. 
 
4.1 OVERVIEW OF STUDY DESIGN/INTERVENTION 
 
4.2 Design 
 
This is a single institution, open-label, phase I/II study designed to evaluate the safety and 
efficacy of intravenous clofarabine in patients with previously treated T- and NK-cell 
lymphomas. During the phase I portion of the study, cohorts of patients will be treated 
with escalating dose levels of clofarabine. Once the maximum tolerated dose has been 
defined, additional patients will be accrued to the phase II portion of the study. 
 
4.3 Intervention 
 
Patients will receive intravenous clofarabine once daily for three consecutive days. 
Doses of clofarabine will start at 4 mg/m2/day and will be escalated to higher dose levels 
as described in Section 9.2. If the toxicity criteria have not been exceeded at the day 22 ± 


Sponsor: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
IRB Protocol 
IRB#: 06-065A(4) 
Amended: 8/26/08 
- 8 - 
 
 
 
 
2 evaluation, the next course of therapy will be administered. Interim restaging, as 
defined in Section 9.6, will be performed at the conclusion of 2 cycles of clofarabine. 
The dose-limiting toxicities will be based on the first cycle of therapy. 
 
4.4 Duration of therapy 
 
Treatment may continue as long as there is a clinical benefit as defined below and the 
criteria for removal from study has not been met as defined in Section 13.0. After 2 
cycles of clofarabine, patients will be permitted to receive additional cycles if they have 
either stable disease or a response (PR or CR). (Refer to Section 12.2 for definitions of 
response.) After 4 cycles of treatment, only those patients who achieved either a PR or 
CR may receive additional cycles of the study drug. Responding patients can be treated 
up to 2 cycles beyond their maximum response. 
 
 
5.1 
THERAPEUTIC/DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS 
 
5.2 Clofarabine 
 
Clofarabine ([2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro--D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine]; Cl-F-ara-A; 
CAFdA) is a second-generation purine nucleoside analogue which was designed as a hybrid 
molecule of fludarabine (F-ara-A) and cladribine (2-CdA, CdA). Because clofarabine has a 
chloro group at the 2-position of adenine, its chemical structure is more closely related to 
CdA than to F-ara-A. Halogenation at the 2-position of adenine renders this class of 
compounds resistant to cellular degradation by the enzyme adenine deaminase [20]. 
 
Clofarabine is a white to off white solid. It is formulated at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in 
sodium chloride (9 mg/mL) and water for injection. An investigational supply of clofarabine 
will be supplied by Genzyme in 2 vial sizes: a 10 mL flint vial and a 20 mL flint vial. Then  
10 mL flint vial contains 5 mL (5mg) of solution and the 20 mL flint vial contains 20 mL (20 
mg) of solution. Vials should be stored at room temperature (15-30oC).  Clofarabine is stable 
for 24 months at 25oC and 60% relative humidity and for 6 months at 40oC and 75% relative 
humidity. Clofarabine for injection should be filtered through a sterile 0.2 m syringe filter 
and then further diluted with 5% dextrose injection (D5W) USP or 0.9% sodium chloride 
injection USP. The resulting admixture can be stored at room temperature but should be used 
within 24 hours. (See Investigator’s Brochure) 
 
Clofarabine is sequentially metabolized intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active 
5’-triphosphate metabolite. It has a high affinity for the activating phosphorylating enzyme, 
deoxycytidine kinase, equal to or greater than that of the natural substrate, deoxycytidine. 
Clofarabine inhibits DNA synthesis by decreasing cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphate 
pools through an inhibitory action on ribonucleotide reductase, and by terminating DNA 
chain elongation by competitive inhibition of DNA polymerases. The affinity of clofarabine 


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triphosphate for these enzymes is similar to or greater than that of deoxyadenosine 
triphosphate. In preclinical models, clofarabine has demonstrated the ability to inhibit DNA 
repair by incorporation into the DNA chain during the repair process. Clofarabine 5’- 
triphosphate also disrupts the integrity of mitochondrial membrane, leading to the release of 
the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor, 
leading to programmed cell death [21-25]. 
 
Clofarabine has been shown to be active against a wide range of in vivo and in vitro human 
tumor models, including solid and hematologic tumor types [26]. Toxicology studies of 
clofarabine in mice, rats, and dogs showed that rapidly proliferating tissues were the primary 
target organs of toxicity, and except for the cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity seen in rats 
treated with clofarabine, these results were similar to those observed in studies with 
cladribine and fludarabine [26] Additionally, the developmental toxicities, including growth 
retardation and skeletal alterations, observed in rats and rabbits are characteristic effects of 
chemotherapeutic agents like cyclophosphamide that are capable of altering the normal 
pattern of apoptosis and/or altering DNA function [26]. 
 
To date, there are three published trials investigating clofarabine in acute leukemia, solid 
tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders [17-19]. The MTD of clofarabine in adult patients 
has been determined to be 40 mg/m2/day in acute leukemia, which is slightly lower than the 
tolerable daily dose for pediatric patients, 52 mg/m2/d. Patients with acute leukemia who 
were treated with higher doses of clofarabine in the two phase I and one phase II trials 
experienced grade 3 fatigue, hypotension, hyperbilirubinemia, transaminitis, 
nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, rash and/or palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia. The only grade 4 
toxicity was hepatic which occurred at 40 mg/m2/d in 3 adults and 70 mg/m2/d in 1 child. 
Other grade 1 or 2 toxicities include myalgias, arthralgias, anorexia, constipation, mucositis, 
edema, drug fever and neurologic toxicity. For the patients with either a solid tumor or 
lymphoproliferative malignancy, the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. This was 
not a toxicity for the leukemia patients since myelosuppressive toxicity, for this patient  
group, was defined as marrow with less than 5% cellularity and without evidence of  
leukemia, lasting more than 6 weeks from the start of therapy. The non-hematologic 
toxicities for the patients with solid tumors or lymphoproliferative disorders occurred 
infrequently and were mild. Grade 1 nausea and anorexia were noted in two out of 19 treated 
patients [17]. Overall, the treatment was very well-tolerated. 
 
As of 01 October 2004, a total of 377 patients (245 adult patients and 132 pediatric patients) 
have been treated with clofarabine in 4 phase I trials, 6 phase II trials, and an emergency 
expanded access program [27]. In patients who were treated at dose levels which varied 
from 2 mg/m2/d up to 70 mg/m2/d, the most common toxicity which occurred in 25% 
(94/377) of patients was a grade 3 or 4 infection. The majority of these infections were of 
bacterial origin. A few of these events were attributed to fungus (n=5) or were of a viral 
origin (n=6).  Greater than 5% of patients but less than 10% had a Grade 3/4 fever and/or 


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fever/neutropenia. Except for infection, fever, and fever/neutropenia, there were no other 
non-hematologic toxicities which occurred in at least 5% of patients. 
 
A decrease in left ventricular systolic function of unclear etiology has been observed in 
pediatric acute leukemia patients (n=55) treated with clofarabine at the 52 mg/m2/d dose  
level. In the phase II study (unpublished data)[28], the change in systolic function was 
transient in the majority of cases. On close inspection, the timing of the decrease in systolic 
function coincided with other clinical events such as sepsis and may have been related to 
either the clinical event itself or the drug(s) used to treat the problem. Unfortunately, in some 
cases, the decrease of LV function occurred when clofarabine was given within 6 months of 
the last anthracycline dose, making it impossible to determine if the decline was related to 
clofarabine or to the prior anthracycline therapy. Of note, clofarabine was given to one child 
with preexisting severe LV dysfunction with no significant further deterioration. 
 
Small pericardial effusions were a frequent finding. They did not result in any significant 
hemodynamic effect and required no intervention. They were detected more frequently in the 
initial patients entered on the trial and the effusions were almost absent in the later patients. 
This may reflect changes in the protocol made to accommodate the fluid retention seen in the 
early patients [28]. 
 
Capillary leak syndrome also occurred rarely in 4 out of 60 pediatric leukemia patients [28]. 
Again, all of the pediatric patients were treated at the 52 mg/m2/d dose. There were 2  
patients who had grade 4 capillary leak syndrome which resulted in death and may have been 
from the study drug. There was one patient had a grade 3 adverse event. Concurrent medical 
conditions such as sepsis and/or disease progression may have made these patients  
susceptible to this toxicity. 
 
In this study, the starting dose of 4 mg/m2/d for 3 consecutive days was chosen based on the 
MTD for both solid and lymphoproliferative disorders. In all of the published clofarabine 
trials, patients were treated for 5 consecutive days. With a MTD of 2 mg/m2/d, patients with 
solid and lymphoproliferative disorders received a weekly total dose of 10 mg/m2/wk. With 
a starting dose of 4 mg/m2/d for 3 consecutive days, patients will receive 12 mg/m2/wk. We 
predict that the DLT will occur around the third dose level since it is defined differently 
compared to the prior trials. The DLT, in this study, is defined in terms of delayed count 
recovery rather than grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression at any time following treatment. 


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6.1 CRITERIA FOR SUBJECT ELIGIBILITY 
 
6.2 Subject Inclusion Criteria 
 
• Patients must have a diagnosis of T- or NK-cell NHL with one of the following 
subtypes: Blastic NK cell lymphoma; NK/T-cell lymphoma/leukemia; Adult T- 
cell lymphoma/leukemia; T-cell PLL; T-lymphoblastic lymphoma; Peripheral T- 
cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified; Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; 
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma; transformed mycosis fungoides; Subcutaneous 
panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma; Nasal T/NK cell lymphoma; Enteropathy-type 
T-cell lymphoma; Hepatosplenic  T-cell lymphoma. 
• Patients must have been previously treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or 
monoclonal antibody and be without a standard curative treatment option.  For 
the purposes of this trial, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is not 
considered a standard curative option. 
• Patients must be off any other therapy such as interferon, antibody therapy, 
retinoids, or other non-chemotherapeutic treatments for > 3 weeks prior to 
beginning treatment on study. Stable doses of corticosteroids will be allowed. 
• Patient must be off any conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapy 
(encompassing a substantial [>10%] amount of bone marrow) within 4 weeks (6 
weeks for nitrosoureas ormitomycin C) prior to study. 
• Good performance status (ECOG 0 – 2) 
• Age > 2 years. 
• Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below: 
 
Phase I eligibility criteria 
o absolute neutrophil count 
> 1,500/uL 
o platelets 
> 100,000/uL 
o serum creatinine 
≤ 1.0 mg/dL or estimated GFR > 60 ML/min 
o total bilirubin 
< 2.0 X normal institutional limits 
o AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) 
< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal 
 
Phase II eligibility criteria 
o absolute neutrophil count 
> 500/uL 
o platelets 
> 50,000/uL 
o serum creatinine 
< 2.0 mg/dL* 
o total bilirubin 
< 2.0 X normal institutional limits* 
o AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) 
< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal* 


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*For the phase II portion of the study, the investigator may make an exception if 
the laboratory abnormality is due to lymphoma. 
 
• For the phase I portion of the trial, patients must have evaluable disease. 
 
• For the phase II portion of the trial, patients must have measurable disease defined 
as any nodal site or mass lesion > 1.5 cm in longest transverse diameter on 
physical exam or computed tomography scan or a measurable extranodal site > 1 
cm. 
 
• For patients with primarily blood or marrow based disease, evaluable patients will 
be eligible 
• Signed informed consent and/or assent. 
 
 
6.3 Subject Exclusion Criteria 
 
• Active infections requiring antibiotics. 
• Pregnant or lactating women. (Women and men of childbearing age should use 
effective contraception). 
• New York Heart Association class III/IV congestive heart failure 
 
• Patients seropositive for infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) 
are excluded from the study because of the potential for serious infectious 
complications associated with a T-cell suppressive therapy in these patients. 
 
• Concurrent active malignancy requiring therapy (other than a synchronous T/NK- 
cell NHL). 
 
• Receipt of systemic corticosteroids within 7 days of study treatment, unless 
patient has been taking a continuous dose of no more than 10mg/day of 
prednisone for at least 1 month. 
 
• Other serious or life-threatening condition(s) deemed unacceptable by the 
principal investigator. 
 
Please note copies of source documentation confirming eligibility for patients enrolling at 
outside institutions must be provided to the MSKCC CTO registrar at the time of 
registration. Please fax to 212-557-0786 and PPR 646-735-0008/0003. 


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7.0 
RECRUITMENT PLAN 
Recruitment Plan 
Potential research subjects will be identified by a member of the patient’s treatment team, the 
protocol investigator, or research team at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC- 
Lead Center), University of Rochester Medical Center, and The Cleveland Clinic. If the 
investigator is a member of the treatment team, s/he will screen their patient’s medical records 
for suitable research study participants and discuss the study and their potential for enrolling in 
the research study. Potential subjects contacted by their treating physician will be referred to the 
investigator/research staff of the study. 
 
8.1 
PRETREATMENT EVALUATION 
 
The following tests are required prior to beginning therapy: 
Within 2 weeks prior to starting on protocol: 
• Relevant history and physical exam. 
• The following blood tests will be required: CBC with differential, comprehensive profile, 
phosphorous, uric acid, LDH, PT and PTT. 
• Urinalysis 
• Urine or serum pregnancy test for woman with childbearing potential. 
Within 1 month prior to starting on protocol: 
• Bone marrow biopsy for histology and immunohistochemistry. 
• Chest X-ray 
• EKG 
• Echocardiogram or MUGA 
• CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. 
• CT scan or MRI of relevant extranodal sites not included in chest, abdomen, and pelvis. 
(e.g. nasopharynx) 
• PET scan (not required but encouraged) 
• HIV test 
• Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody 
• Hepatitis C antibody 


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• HTLV-1 antibody 
 
 
9.1 
TREATMENT/INTERVENTION PLAN 
 
9.2 Pre-treatment Procedures 
 
• Pretreatment laboratory evaluation: CBC with differential, Cr, AST, ALT, Alk Phos, 
Bili 
• Premedication: Standard anti-emetics for a moderately emetogenic medication will be 
given. Hydrocortisone 100 mg/m2 will be administered 30 minutes prior to each dose of 
clofarabine on cycles 1 and 2. 
• 
Prehydration: 500 mL NS IV over 30-60 minutes. 
 
9.3 Clofarabine 
 
Clofarabine will be infused intravenously over 1 hour and will be administered daily for 3 
consecutive days. In the phase I portion of this study, the dose levels will be determined 
by the dose escalation schema in Table 9.0. Cycles will be repeated as early as day 22 ±  
2 days or up to 2 weeks later (or 36 ± 2 days) if the patient meets retreatment criteria as 
defined in section 9.4. 
 
 
Table 9.0 Dose Escalation Schema 
 
Dose Level 
Dose (mg/m2/day) 
% Increase 
Multiple of 
Initial Dose 
1 
4 
- 
- 
2 
8 
100 
2.0 n 
3 
13.2 
67 
3.3 n 
4 
20 
50 
5.0 n 
5 
28 
40 
7.0 n 
6 
36 
33 
9.0 n 
7 
49 
28 
12.3 n 
 
Refer to Section 14.1 for more details regarding dose escalation. Once the MTD of 
clofarabine has been identified, the remainder of the patients will be accrued to the phase 
II portion of the study. 


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9.4 Supportive Medication (standard) 
 
• Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim DS bid will be administered for three 
consecutive days each week (typically Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday) as 
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis. Patients who are allergic to 
sulfa may receive alternate prophylaxis such as aerosolized pentamidine 300 mg 
once per month. PCP prophylaxis will begin with the first cycle of chemotherapy. 
• Acyclovir 400 mg po bid or the renally adjusted equivalent will be 
administered as prophylaxis against Herpes Zoster. It will begin with the first 
cycle of chemotherapy. 
• Darbepoietin or erythropoietin may be administered as per hospital policy. 
Discontinuation of either of these medications or increasing the dose is based on 
standard dose and response criteria. 
• Growth colony stimulation factor should be administered beginning 24-72 hours 
after the conclusion of each 3 day treatment cycle. The type and dose of the 
growth colony stimulation factor will be determined as per hospital policy. 
 
9.5 Re-treatment criteria 
 
Patients will receive additional cycles of clofarabine as long as they meet the 
following criteria at the time of re-treatment: 
 
• ANC ≥ 1000 cell/µl (or ANC ≥ 500/µl for patients who were enrolled at this 
level in the phase II portion of the trial only) 
• Platelet ≥ 75,000 /µl (or platelet ≥ 50,000/µl for patients who were enrolled at 
this level in the phase II portion of the trial only) 
• Non-hematologic toxicity: if the toxicity is less severe than a grade 4 
infection and/or a grade 4 hemorrhage, and it resolves to ≤ grade 1 or baseline 
as per CTCAE v3.0 toxicity criteria at the time of retreatment. 
 
Repeat cycles of clofarabine are administered on approximately a 21 day schedule 
unless the patient does not meet re-treatment criteria as defined above. For those 
patients who do not meet the above parameters at the day 22 ± 2 evaluation, their next 
cycle of therapy may be held up to 2 weeks. After any treatment delay, the patient 
will be re-evaluated the following week (up to day 36 ± 2 days). If the patient meets 
re-treatment criteria at the next evaluation, the next cycle of clofarabine will be 
administered at the full dose. If the patient does not meet re-treatment criteria at both 
the day 29 ± 2 and the day 36 ± 2 evaluation, this patient will be removed from the 
study unless there has been a prior documented response (CR or PR) to therapy. 


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In these cases, patients must meet all of the criteria defined in section 9.8. The dose 
of clofarabine will then be adjusted accordingly. 
 
9.6 Interim Laboratory Evaluation 
 
• weekly cbc with differential in the first cycle; then evaluation every 1 - 2 weeks, 
as indicated 
• weekly comprehensive profile in the first cycle; then evaluation every 1 - 2 
weeks, as indicated 
 
9.7 Restaging 
 
 
9.6.1 Following each course of clofarabine (every 2 cycles) 
 
• CT scan of chest/abdomen/pelvis 
• CT scan or MRI of relevant extranodal sites not included in the CT of the 
chest/abdomen/pelvis 
• PET scan encouraged if previously positive 
 
 
9.6.2 End of study 
 
• CT scan of chest/abdomen/pelvis 
• CT scan or MRI of relevant extranodal sites not included in the CT of the 
chest/abdomen/pelvis 
• PET scan encouraged if previously positive 
• Bone Marrow biopsy (if previously positive and if patient is in CR by other 
criteria) 
• Echocardiogram if the dose of the clofarabine is ≥ 28 mg/m2/day 
 
9.7 Treatment beyond 2 cycles 
 
9.7.1 Following 2 cycles of clofarabine 
Patients with stable disease, a partial response, or a complete response will 
receive 2 more cycles of clofarabine. 
 
9.7.2 Following 4 cycles of clofarabine 
Patients with a partial response or a complete response will receive 2 more cycles 
of clofarabine. Patients may be treated up to 2 cycles beyond their maximum 
response. 


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9.7.3 Progression of disease 
Patients with progression of disease at any time will be declared treatment failures 
and removed from the study. 
 
9.8 Dose reduction 
 
Patients can be retreated with clofarabine at a reduced dose if all the following 
conditions are met: 
 
• Clinical or radiologic response (PR or CR) 
• The non-hematologic toxicities in the prior cycle were not a life-threatening 
infection or hemorrhage 
• Re-treatment criteria have been met as defined in section 9.4 
 
Determination of Dose 
If the above conditions are met, patients will be treated at the next lower dose level. 
 
 
10.0  EVALUATION DURING TREATMENT/INTERVENTION 
 
10.1 
Prior to each cycle of chemotherapy, the patient will have an interval history, 
toxicity evaluation and physical examination, including vital signs, and 
performance status. 
10.2 
CBC with differential, and comprehensive profile will be required prior to each 
cycle of chemotherapy. 
10.3 
After completion of 2 cycles of clofarabine, the patient will be assessed or 
reassessed for response as per section 9.6. 
10.4 
If the patient has achieved a complete response (CR), a repeat bone marrow 
biopsy will be performed only in those cases where it had been previously 
positive. 
10.5 
Following completion of the treatment plan, responding patients should be 
followed at three month intervals for the first two years post-therapy to document 
duration of response. 


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Table 10.0 Study Calendar 
 
Pre-treatment 
Assessments 
≤ 30 
days 
prior 
to Rx 
≤ 14 
days 
prior 
1 
to Rx 
Clofarabine 
XXX 
XXX 
Informed consent 
X 
and/or assent 
Medical history and 
X 
height (cm) 
Interval history, incl. 
AE eval. and med list 
X 
X 
X 
X 
PE, VS, incl.. wt and 
ECOG PS 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Cbc with differential 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Serum chemistryb 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
LDH 
X 
Coagulation profile / 
X 
urinalysis 
Beta-HCGc 
X 
Viral serologiesd 
X 
EKG 
X 
Echo or MUGA 
X 
Chest Xray 
X 
Tumor imagingf 
X 
 
Bone marrow biopsy 
X 
aIf the re-treatment criteria is not met at the day 22 ± 2 day evaluation, the treatment will be withheld and the patient will be re- 
evaulated the following week(s),up day 36 ± 2 days from the beginning of therapy. 
bSerum chemistry: albumin, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, 
potassium, total protein, SGOT (AST), SGPT (ALT), sodium, magnesium, uric acid 
cSerum or urine beta-HCG is required for all women of childbearing potential. 
dViral serologies: HIV, Hep B S Ag, Hep B S Ab, Hep C Ab, HTLV-1 
eEchocardiogram/MUGA: A followup echocardiogram or MUGA must be ordered if the dose level is at or above 28 mg/m2/d 
fTumor imaging: CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, and CT or MRI of extranodal sites (if indicated). Followup PET scan is 
encouraged (not required) only if baseline PET scan was positive 
gFollowup bone marrow biopsy is required only if: 1) previously positive and 2) disease is in complete remission per define criteria. 
Day 15 
Cycle 2 
X 
X 
Day 22, 
29, 36 
Cycle 2a 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Off 
study/ 
Cont 
Rx 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Xe 
X 
Xg 
Day 1 
Day 8 
Day 
Day 22, 29, 
Day 1 
Day 8 
Cycle 1 
Cycle 1 
15 
Cycle 
36 
Cycle 1a 
Cycle 
2 
Cycle 2 


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11.1 TOXICITIES/SIDE EFFECTS 
 
As stated in section 5.0, the dose-limiting toxicity for patients with solid tumors or lymphoid 
malignancies was myelosuppression. For the patients with acute leukemia who were treated with 
much higher doses of clofarabine (40-52 mg/m2/d), the dose-limiting toxicity was hepatotoxicity 
and rash. More specifically, potential toxicities include hyperbilirubinemia, transaminitis, 
neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, and vomiting. Other side effects 
which have been seen rarely in early trials include rash, myalgia, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, 
mucositis, urinary incontinence, headache, fever, chills, anorexia, palmar-plantar 
erythrodysesthesia, anxiety, bone pain, cough, tachycardia, congestive heart failure, abdominal 
pain, seizure, hypertension, respiratory distress, and capillary leak syndrome. 
 
An objective of this study is to obtain information on the safety and efficacy of clofarabine for 
patients with previously treated mature T-and NK-cell lymphoma. It is the Investigator’s 
obligation to report all adverse experiences (AE’s), regardless of association with study drugs. 
 
11.2 
Definitions of AE’s 
 
11.2.1 Adverse Experience: An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a 
patient administered a pharmaceutical product which does not necessarily have a causal 
relationship or association with the treatment. Laboratory abnormalities should only be 
recorded as AE’s if they are associated with clinical sequelae and/or require an intervention. 
11.2.2 Serious Adverse Experience (SAE): An SAE is considered to be any experience 
occurring at any dose that results in any of the following outcomes: (1) is fatal or life- 
threatening ("Life-threatening" means that the event, as it actually happened, placed the 
subject at immediate risk of death.), (2) is disabling, (3) results in hospitalization or 
prolongation of hospitalization, or (4) results in congential anomaly or occurrence of 
malignancy. Important medical events that may not result in death may be considered SAE’s 
when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may jeopardize the patient and may 
require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed in this 
definition. 
11.2.3 Expected Adverse Experience: Any AE that is identified in the current 
Investigator’s Brochure or in Section 5 and/or Section 11 is considered an expected AE. 
11.2.4 Unexpected Adverse Experience: An AE which is not previously reported (in 
nature, severity, or incidence) in the current Investigator’s Brochure or general 
investigational plan. 


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11.3 Serious Adverse Experience Reporting Requirements 
 
For Participating Sites: 
 
Any SAE will be reported to the local institution’s IRB. In addition, it will need to be sent to 
MSKCC as the coordinating center and Genzyme as soon as possible but no later than 5 days 
from the onset of the event. 
 
The Study PI will fax a copy of all SAE’s within 5 days to outside site principal investigators 
to report to their own local IRB’s. 
 
Participating sites should send the following information to the coordinating center: 
 
1. The initials of the subjects, patient MRN #, MSKCC protocol # and title 
2. The date the event occurred 
3. A description of the SAE 
4. An explanation of how the SAE was handled 
5. A description of the subject's condition 
6. Indication if the subject remains on the study 
7. Indication if the event is considered related to the treatment (drug, device,intervention) 
8. Indication if an amendment will need to be made to the protocol and/or consent form as a 
result of the SAE. 
9. Name of the site and person reporting the event 
Refer to section 17.2. 
11.4 SAE Followup 
 
For all SAEs occurring during the study, within 30 days of the last administration of study 
drug, or prior to alternative therapy (whichever occurs first), the investigator must submit 
follow-up reports to Genzyme regarding the patient’s subsequent course until the SAE has 
subsided, or until the condition stabilizes (in the case of persistent impairment), the patient 
receives alternative treatment, or the patient dies. 
 
 
12.0 
CRITERIA FOR THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE/OUTCOME ASSESSMENT 
 
Response and progression of disease will be evaluated in this study using a modification 
of the international criteria proposed by the Cheson et al. [29]. 


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12.1.1 Measurable disease: Measurable lesions are defined as those that can be accurately 
measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as > 15 mm with 
conventional techniques (PET, CT, MRI, x-ray). All tumor measurements must be 
recorded in millimeters (or decimal fractions of centimeters). 
 
12.1.2 Non-measurable disease: All other lesions (or sites of disease), including small lesions 
(longest diameter < 15 mm with conventional), are considered non-measurable disease. 
Bone lesions, leptomeningeal disease, ascites, pleural/pericardial effusions, lymphoma 
cutis/pulmonis, inflammatory breast disease, abdominal masses (not followed by CT or 
MRI), and cystic lesions are all non-measurable. 
 
12.2 Response Criteria 
 
Response criteria will be based on assessment following every 2 cycles of clofarabine. The 
criteria are as follows (GTD = Greatest Transverse Diameter; SPD = Sum of the Products of 
the Greatest Diameter): 
 
12.2.1 Complete Remission (CR): 
• No clinical, radiographic or diagnostic evidence of disease. 
• No disease related symptoms. 
• Abnormal biochemical values (eg. LDH) clearly attributable to lymphoma must 
have normalized. 
• Lymph nodes, nodal masses regressed to “normal” size: 
• If >1.5 cm before treatment, regressed to ≤ 1.5 cm in GTD. 
• If 1.1 to 1.5 cm before treatment, regressed to ≤ 1 cm in GTD (or >75% in 
SPD). 
• Spleen and all previously enlarged organs decreased in size. Spleen must not be 
palpable on exam 
• Bone marrow free of disease on repeat aspirate and biopsy if initially positive. 
• Normalization of PET scans. 
 
12.2.2 Complete Remission/unconfirmed (CRU): 
Patients meeting the above criteria for CR with the following exceptions: 
• Residual node mass of >1.5 cm in GTD regressed by > 75% in SPD 
• Individual nodes previously confluent regressed by >75% in SPD 
• Indeterminate bone marrow (increased number or size of lymphoid aggregates 
without cytologic or architectural atypia.) 
 
12.2.3 Partial Remission (PR) 
• ≥ 50% decrease in SPD of the six largest dominant nodes/nodal masses. 
• No increase in size of other nodes, liver or spleen. 


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• Splenic and hepatic nodes regressed at least 50% in SPD 
• No new sites of disease. 
• Bone marrow and organs other than the spleen and liver cannot be considered 
for evaluation for PR because involvement at these sites is considered evaluable 
but not measurable. 
 
12.2.4 PET negative Partial Remission (PET- PR) 
• Patient meets above criteria for PR with resolution of previous PET positive 
lesions. 
 
12.2.4 Stable Disease (SD) 
• Patients who have achieved less than a partial remission but who have not 
developed findings consistent with progressive disease. 
 
12.2.5 Progressive Disease (PD) 
• In patients previously CR, Cru, PR or SD. 
• ≥ 50% increase in SPD of any previously identified abnormal node. 
• Appearance of any new lesion during or at the end of therapy 
 
 
13.0 
CRITERIA FOR REMOVAL FROM STUDY 
 
• Ineligibility of the patient as defined in inclusion/exclusion criteria 
• Significant protocol violation 
• Non-compliance of the patient 
• Unacceptable toxicity which in the judgment of the investigator and/or treating physician 
renders further treatment on protocol contrary to the patient’s best medical interest. 
• Refusal of the patient to continue treatment and/or observation 
• Unrelated medical illness or complication that increases the risk of protocol therapy to 
unacceptable levels. 
• Progression of disease 
• Decision by the Investigator that termination is in the patient's best medical interest. 
• Loss to follow-up 
• Death of the patient 


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14.1 
BIOSTATISTICS 
 
14.2 Study Endpoints 
 
The two major objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the maximum tolerated dose of 
intravenous clofarabine using the schedule outlined above in patients with relapsed T- and 
NK-cell lymphomas and (2) to determine the response rate at this defined dose. 
 
14.3 Study Design 
 
To accomplish the first objective, an accelerated titration design will be used for the first 
patient. The next patient can be treated at the next dose level using the accelerated titration 
design if the currently treated patient does not had the following: 1) a grade 2 non- 
hematologic toxicity, or 2) a delay in the recovery of platelets or neutrophils at the day 22 ± 2 
day evaluation. 
 
If either of these criteria has been met (listed above), a standard titration scheme will be used 
where groups of at least three patients will be treated with escalating doses of clofarabine. A 
modified Fibonacci design was used to determine the size of the dose escalations. 
 
Regardless of whether an accelerated or standard titration design is used, a patient cannot be 
enrolled to the next dose level (next cohort) until all patients within the current cohort satisfy 
one of the following: 1) the patient is off study, or 2) the patient has started the next cycle of 
clofarabine. 
 
 
14.4 Dose-Escalation of clofarabine 
 
Patients will be entered on the study and treated with clofarabine at an escalating dose as 
defined in section 9.2. Dose escalation will proceed as follows: 
 
14.4.1 Accelerated titration design 
 
• The next patient will be treated at the next dose level, if the patient does not have 
either: 1) a grade 2 non-hematologic toxicity, or 2) a delay in the recovery of 
platelets or neutrophils at the day 22 ± 2 day evaluation. 
 
If the above criteria have not been met, the next patient will be enrolled at the same 
dose level using the standard titration design. See section 14.3.2. 
 
 
14.4.2 Standard titration design 


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Refer to section 14.4 for the definition of DLT and MTD. 
 
• If none of the initial three patients in a cohort experience dose-limiting toxicity 
(DLT), then a new cohort of three patients will be treated at the next higher dose 
level. 
 
• If one of the three patients in a cohort experiences DLT, then up to three additional 
patients will be treated at the same dose level. Escalation will continue if        
only one of the six patients experiences DLT. 
 
• If two or more patients in a cohort experience DLT, then the maximum tolerated 
dose (MTD) will have been exceeded, and no further dose escalations will occur. 
The previous dose level will be considered the MTD. 
 
• If only three patients were treated at a dose level under consideration as the MTD, 
then up to three additional patients will be accrued. If no more than one of the six 
patients at that dose level experience DLT, then that dose level will be confirmed 
as the MTD. If two or more patients in that cohort experience DLT, then the 
previous dose level will be studied in the same fashion. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accelerated Titration 
Number of Subjects with Drug Related 
Dose Escalation Rules 
DLT (Grade 2 non-hematologic toxicity or 
delay in platelet or neutrophil recovery at 
day 22) at a Given Dose Level 
0 of 1 
Next patient can be treated at the 
next higher dose level 
1 of 1 
Convert to standard titration with this 
dose level and enroll 2 more subjects at 
this dose level 
Standard Titration 
Number of Subjects with Drug Related 
DLT (as Defined in Section 14.4) at a 
Dose Escalation Rules 


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Given Dose Level 
0 of 3 
Next cohort of 3 subjects treated at the 
next higher dose level 
1 of 3 
3 more subjects are treated at that same 
dose level 
≥2 of 3 
Dose escalation stops and dose level is 
considered the Maximum Administered 
Dose (MAD). 3 more subjects will be 
added to the next lower dose level, unless 
6 subjects have already been treated at 
that dose level 
1 of 6 
Next cohort of 3 subjects treated at the 
next higher dose level 
> 2 of 6 
Dose escalation stops and dose level is 
considered the Maximum Administered 
Dose (MAD). 3 more subjects will be 
added to the next lower dose level, unless 
6 subjects have already been treated at 
that dose level 
≤1 of 6 at the highest dose level below MAD 
Maximum Tolerated Dose 
 
 
Table V provides the probabilities of dose escalation based on true risk of toxicity for the 
standard phase dose escalation scheme. 
 
Table V. Probability of Dose Escalation. 
 
Risk of Toxicity 
Probability of Escalation 
0.10 
0.91 
0.20 
0.71 
0.30 
0.49 
0.40 
0.31 
0.50 
0.17 
0.60 
0.08 


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14.4.3 Observation period 
 
Regardless of whether an accelerated or standard titration design is used in the phase I 
portion of the trial, a patient cannot be enrolled to the next dose level (next dose level) until 
all patients within the current cohort satisfy one of the following: 1) the patient(s) are off 
study, or 2) the patient(s) have started the next cycle of clofarabine. 
 
14.5 Definitions of DLT and MTD 
 
DLT is defined as any of the following: 
 
• ≥ Grade 2 thrombocytopenia (platelet < 75,000) lasting ≥ 36 ± 2 days from first 
day of clofarabine infusion, 
 
• ≥ Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity according to NCI’s CTCAE v 3.0 
 
MTD is defined as the highest dose studied for which the incidence of DLT is less than 
33%. The percentage of patients who experience toxicity at each dose level will be 
calculated, with a 95% confidence interval. 
 
14.6 Efficacy of single-agent clofarabine 
 
The purpose of the phase II portion of the trial is to estimate the response rate for single- 
agent clofarabine using the maximum tolerated dose with the schedule outlined above. A 
Simon minimax two-stage design will be used in which a 10% response rate is considered 
not promising, a 35% is considered promising, and the probabilities of a type I error 
(falsely accepting a non-promising therapy) and type II error (falsely rejecting a promising 
therapy) are both set at 0.10. In this scenario, the maximum number of                   
patients accrued to the phase II portion of the trial would be 18 patients. In the first stage 
of the design, 8 patients will be accrued, i.e., an additional 2 patients to those who were 
treated at the MTD in the phase I portion. If one or more responses (either a PR or CR) 
are observed among these 8 patients, then an additional 10 patients will be accrued to the 
second stage. If there are no responses (PR or CR) among the initial 8 patients, the trial 
will be discontinued. 
 
Using the minimax design, there is a 43% probability of stopping the trial early due to a 
non-promising therapy, or less than a 10% response rate. The drug is worthy of further 
investigation if there are 4 or more responses (PR or CR) of the 18 patients treated at the 
MTD. The design yields at least a 90% probability of a true positive result if the 
response rate (CR or PR) is at least 35%. 


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14.7 Toxicity and Response 
 
Frequencies of toxicities based on NCI CTCAE, v 3.0 and response (using the criteria in 
Section 12.0) will be tabulated. 
 
14.8 Patient Accrual and Duration of Study 
 
A minimum number of three patients and a maximum number of 48 patients will be 
needed to complete this study if we assume that there are no more than 5 dose levels 
using the standard titration design. The Lymphoma Service will see approximately 1-2 
patients each month who meet eligibility requirements for this trial. The amount of time 
required to complete this trial will depend on the number of dose levels studied, the 
number of patients accrued to each dose level, and the number of responses seen in the 
first stage of the phase II portion of the study. We anticipate that this trial will take 
approximately 1.5 years to complete. 
 
 
15.1 
RESEARCH PARTICIPANT REGISTRATION AND RANDOMIZATION 
PROCEDURES 
 
15.2 Research Participant Registration (at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) 
The following person(s) can obtain informed consent at MSKCC: 
STEVEN HORWITZ, M.D 
ANDREW ZELENETZ, M.D. Ph.D 
TANYA TRIPPETT, M.D. 
PAUL HAMLIN M.D. 
MATT MATASAR, MD 
 
 
Confirm with electronic medical record that the patient has received the Notice of Privacy 
Practice. This must be obtained before the eligibility confirmation and obtaining of the research 
informed consent. 
 
Confirm eligibility as defined in the section entitled Criteria for Patient/Subject Eligibility. 
 
Obtain written informed consent, by following procedures defined in section entitled Informed 
Consent Procedures. 
 
All participants must be registered through the Protocol Participant Registration (PPR) Office at 
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. PPR is available Monday through Friday from 
8:30am - 5:30pm at (646) 735-8000. The PPR fax numbers are (646) 735-0008 and (646) 735- 


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0003. Registrations can be phoned in or faxed. The completed signature page of the informed 
consent form, the completed signature page of the Research Authorization and a completed 
Eligibility Checklist must be faxed to PPR. 
 
For Participating Centers: 
 
The following person(s) can obtain informed consent: 
 
DEBORAH MULFORD, M.D., University of Rochester Medical Center 
BRAD POHLMAN, M.D., The Cleveland Clinic 
 
Central registration for this study will take place at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. To 
complete registration and enroll a patient from an outside center, the study coordinator will fax to 
Clinical Trials Office at MSKCC the completed MSKCC eligibility checklist, the last page of the 
signed informed consent, the signature page of the Research Authorization, and supporting source 
documentation for eligibility questions. If the patient meets all criteria, the patient will be enrolled 
and then the patient will be assigned a MSKCC study number. The MSKCC registrar               
will fax back an enrollment confirmation. Patients from all sites must be registered with the 
Protocol Patient Registration (PPR) at MSKCC before starting therapy, Telephone 646-735- 
8000, Fax 646-735-0008/0003, Hours of operation 8:30 am to 5:30 pm (Eastern Time) Monday 
through Friday. 
 
During the registration process registering individuals will be required to answer specific 
eligibility questions and provide the following information: 
 
Registering Individual 
[Last, First Name] 
Notice of Privacy Status 
[Yes, No, N/A] 
Research Authorization 
[Date] 
MSKCC IRB Protocol# 
Attending of Record (if applicable) [Last, First Name] 
Consenting Professional 
[Last, First Name] 
Informed Consent Date 
Patient's Full Name 
[Last, First Name] 
Patient MRN 
 
15.3 Protocol Patient Number 
Once eligibility has been established, the patient is assigned an MSKCC Clinical Research 
Database (CRDB) patient number. This number is unique to the patient and must be written 
on all data and correspondence for the patient. 


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15.4 Randomization 
 
There is no randomization in this study. 
 
16.0 
DATA  MANAGEMENT ISSUES 
A Research Study Assistant (RSA) will be assigned to the study. The responsibilities of the RSA 
include project compliance, data collection, abstraction and entry, data reporting, regulatory 
monitoring, problem resolution and prioritization, and coordinate the activities of 
the protocol study team. 
 
The data collected for this study will be entered into a secured database (Clinical Research 
Database, CRDB) at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 
 
Standardized Case Report Forms (CRFs) have been generated for this study. Affiliate sites will 
be responsible for filling out these MSKCC case report forms. Blank case report forms will be 
sent to the data managers at each site (for photocopying and use). These forms and the required 
source documentation must be submitted to MSKCC in a timely fashion (please see Appendix 1 
for schedule of data collection forms). When a patient goes off-study all CRFs are required to be 
sent to MSKCC no later than 4 weeks after the off-study date. Participating sites must fax case 
report forms (212) 557-0787 to the attention of the RSA. 
 
Forms can also be mailed or emailed to the address below. 
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
Clinical Trials Office 
Hanna Weissbrot 
633 Third Avenue – 15th floor 
New York, NY 10017  
weissbrh@mskcc.org 
 
16.1 
Quality Assurance 
 
Weekly registration reports will be generated to monitor patient accruals and completeness of 
registration data. Routine data quality reports will be generated to assess missing data and 
inconsistencies. Accrual rates and extext and accuracy of evaluations and follow-up will be 
monitored periodically throughout the study period and potential problems will be brought to the 
attention of the study team for discussion and action 
 
Random-sample data quality and protocol compliance audits will be conducted by the study 
team, at a minimum of two times per year, more frequently if indicated. 


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16.2 
Data and Safety Monitoring 
 
The Data and Safety Monitoring (DSM) Plans at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 
were approved by the National Cancer Institute in September 2001. The plans address the 
new policies set forth by the NCI in the document entitled “Policy of the National Cancer 
Institute for Data and Safety Monitoring of Clinical Trials” which can be found at:  
http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/researchers/dsm/index.html.  The DSM Plans at MSKCC were 
established and are monitored by the Office of Clinical Research. The MSKCC Data and 
Safety Monitoring Plans can be found on the MSKCC Intranet at:  
http://mskweb2.mskcc.org/irb/index.htm 
 
There are several different mechanisms by which clinical trials are monitored for data, safety 
and quality. There are institutional processes in place for quality assurance (e.g., protocol 
monitoring, compliance and data verification audits, therapeutic response, and staff education 
on clinical research QA) and departmental procedures for quality control, plus there are two 
institutional committees that are responsible for monitoring the activities of our clinical trials 
programs. The committees: Data and Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) for Phase I and 
II clinical trials, and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) for Phase III clinical 
trials, report to the Center’s Research Council and Institutional Review Board. 
 
During the protocol development and review process, each protocol will be assessed for it’s 
level of risk and degree of monitoring required. Every type of protocol (e.g., NIH sponsored, 
in-house sponsored, industrial sponsored, NCI cooperative group, etc.) Will be addressed and 
the monitoring procedures will be established at the time of protocol activation 
 
 
17.1 
PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS 
 
Inclusion of Children in Research 
 
Clofarabine is approved for the trearment of pediatric leukemia and this protocol includes 
children over the age of 2 years. 
 
17.2 Privacy 
 
It is the responsibility of the Research Staff to ensure that protocol patients have received 
the Center’s Notice of Privacy Practices. If the subject has not already done so, MSK 
personnel must try to obtain acknowledgment before the patient participates in this study. 
 
MSKCC’s Privacy Office may allow the use and disclosure of protected health 
information pursuant to a completed and signed Research Authorization form. The use 
and disclosure of protected health information will be limited to the individuals described 


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in the Research Authorization form. A Research Authorization form must be completed 
by the Principal Investigator and approved by the IRB and Privacy Board. 
 
 
17.3 Serious Adverse Event (SAE) Reporting 
 
Any SAE must be reported to the IRB as soon as possible but no later than 5 calendar 
days. The IRB requires a Clinical Research Database (CRDB) AE report to be delivered to 
the Institutional SAE Manager (307 East 63rd Street, 1st Floor) containing the following 
information: 
Fields populated from the CRDB: 
• Subject’s name 
• Medical record number 
• Disease/histology (if applicable) 
• Protocol number 
 
Data needing to be entered: 
• The date the adverse event occurred 
• The adverse event 
• Relationship of the adverse event to the treatment (drug, device, or intervention) 
• If the AE was expected 
• The severity of the AE 
• The intervention 
• Detailed text that includes the following information: 
o A explanation of how the AE was handled 
o A description of the subject's condition 
o Indication if the subject remains on the study 
o If an amendment will need to be made to the protocol and/or consent form  
o A courtesy copy of the report will be sent to Genzyme to the attention of the 
Clinical Safety Department at 800-732-8499. 
 
The PI’s signature and the date it was signed are required on the completed report. 
 
18.1 
Informed consent procedures 
Patients potentially eligible for this trial will be informed about the nature of their disease 
and the standard treatment options will be discussed. Enrollment in this trial will be offered 
and the rationale and potential risks involved with this treatment program, including risks 
associated with the various agents and procedures, will be explained. A written informed 
consent form reiterating these points will be provided for review. Patients wishing to enroll 
will be required to sign three copies of the consent form; one will be returned to the patient, 
one will be filed in the patient’s chart, and one copy will be filed with the Office of Clinical 


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Research. Individuals authorized to obtain written consent include Attending Physicians from 
the Lymphoma Service listed in Section 15. 
 
18.2 Research Authorization 
 
Procedures for obtaining Research Authorization: Before any protocol-specific 
procedures are carried out, investigators and/or designated staff will fully explain the 
details of the protocol, study procedures, and the aspects of patient privacy concerning 
research specific information. In addition to signing the IRB Informed Consent, all 
patients must sign the Research Authorization component of the informed consent form. 
The Research Authorization requires a separate set of signatures from the patient. The 
original signed documents will become part of the patient’s medical record, and each 
patient will receive a copy of the signed documents. 


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19.0 
REFERENCE(S) 
 
1. 
Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD. New approach to classifying non-Hodgkin's 
lymphomas: clinical features of the major histologic subtypes. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 
Classification Project. J Clin Oncol 1998;16(8):2780-95. 
2. 
Lopez-Guillermo A, Cid J, Salar A, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas: initial features, 
natural history, and prognostic factors in a series of 174 patients diagnosed according to the 
R.E.A.L. Classification. Ann Oncol 1998;9(8):849-55. 
3. 
Rudiger T, Weisenburger DD, Anderson JR, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma 
(excluding anaplastic large-cell lymphoma): results from the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 
Classification Project. Ann Oncol 2002;13(1):140-9. 
4. 
Gisselbrecht C, Gaulard P, Lepage E, et al. Prognostic significance of T-cell phenotype in 
aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA). 
Blood 1998;92(1):76-82. 
5. 
Ansell SM, Habermann TM, Kurtin PJ, et al. Predictive capacity of the International 
Prognostic Factor Index in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 
1997;15(6):2296-301. 
6. 
Coiffier B, Brousse N, Peuchmaur M, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas have a worse 
prognosis than B-cell lymphomas: a prospective study of 361 immunophenotyped patients 
treated with the LNH-84 regimen. The GELA (Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Agressives). 
Ann Oncol 1990;1(1):45-50. 
7. 
Armitage JO, Greer JP, Levine AM, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Cancer 
1989;63(1):158-63. 
8. 
Dang NH, Hagemeister FB, Duvic M, et al. Pentostatin in T-non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: 
efficacy and effect on CD26+ T lymphocytes. Oncol Rep 2003;10(5):1513-8. 
9. 
Dearden C, Matutes E, Catovsky D. Deoxycoformycin in the treatment of mature T-cell 
leukaemias. Br J Cancer 1991;64(5):903-6. 
10. 
Sallah S, Wan JY, Nguyen NP. Treatment of refractory T-cell malignancies using 
gemcitabine. Br J Haematol 2001;113(1):185-7. 
11. 
Keating MJ, Cazin B, Coutre S, et al. Campath-1H treatment of T-cell prolymphocytic 
leukemia in patients for whom at least one prior chemotherapy regimen has failed. J Clin Oncol 
2002;20(1):205-13. 
12. 
Dearden CE, Matutes E, Cazin B, et al. High remission rate in T-cell prolymphocytic 
leukemia with CAMPATH-1H. Blood 2001;98(6):1721-6. 
13. 
Enblad G, Hagberg H, Erlanson M, et al. A pilot study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 
monoclonal antibody) therapy for patients with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory peripheral 
T-cell lymphomas. Blood 2004;103(8):2920-4. 
14. 
Dang NH, Hagemeister FB, Fayad LE, et al. Interim analysis of a phase II study of 
denileukin difitox (ONTAK) for B and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Proc Am Soc Clin 
Oncol 2003;22:570 (abstr 2292). 
15. 
Zinzani PL, Baliva G, Magagnoli M, et al. Gemcitabine treatment in pretreated cutaneous 
T-cell lymphoma: experience in 44 patients. J Clin Oncol 2000;18(13):2603-6. 


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16. 
Gandhi V, Plunkett W, Rodriguez CO, Jr., et al. Compound GW506U78 in refractory 
hematologic malignancies: relationship between cellular pharmacokinetics and clinical response. 
J Clin Oncol 1998;16(11):3607-15. 
17. 
Kantarjian HM, Gandhi V, Kozuch P, et al. Phase I clinical and pharmacology study of 
clofarabine in patients with solid and hematologic cancers. J Clin Oncol 2003;21(6):1167-73. 
18. 
Kantarjian H, Gandhi V, Cortes J, et al. Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of 
clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Blood 2003;102(7):2379-86. 
19. 
Jeha S, Gandhi V, Chan KW, et al. Clofarabine, a novel nucleoside analog, is active in 
pediatric patients with advanced leukemia. Blood 2004;103(3):784-9. 
20. 
Reichelova V, Liliemark J, Albertioni F. Liquid chromatographic study of acid stability 
of 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine and related 
analogues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995;13(4-5):711-4. 
21. 
Collins W, Hiles R, Neal B, Kastello M. Fludarabine phosphate: Preclinical toxicity 
study in CD2F1 mice and Beagle dogs. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1983;24:296 (abstract). 
22. 
Takahashi T, Kanazawa J, Akinaga S, Tamaoki T, Okabe M. Antitumor activity of 2- 
chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine, a novel deoxyadenosine analog, 
against human colon tumor xenografts by oral administration. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 
1999;43(3):233-40. 
23. 
Lotfi K, Mansson E, Spasokoukotskaja T, et al. Biochemical pharmacology and 
resistance to 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, a novel analogue of cladribine in 
human leukemic cells. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5(9):2438-44. 
24. 
Parker WB, Shaddix SC, Chang CH, et al. Effects of 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta- 
D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 cellular metabolism and the inhibition of human 
ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerases by its 5'-triphosphate. Cancer Res 
1991;51(9):2386-94. 
25. 
Genini D, Adachi S, Chao Q, et al. Deoxyadenosine analogs induce programmed cell 
death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by damaging the DNA and by directly affecting the 
mitochondria. Blood 2000;96(10):3537-43. 
26. 
Clofarabine Investigator's Brochure. ILEX Products, Inc 22 July 2003;Version 3. 
27. 
Clofarabine IND. 2004. 
28. 
Clofarabine Investigator's Brochure. ILEX Products, Inc 2004, December;Version 3. 
29. 
Cheson BD, Horning SJ, Coiffier B, et al. Report of an international workshop to 
standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International 
Working Group. J Clin Oncol 1999;17(4):1244. 


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Appendix 1 
DATA COLLECTION FORM SCHEDULE 
 
FORM 
BASELINE 
CYCLE 
OFF STUDY 
WHEN 
APLICABLE 
Demographic, Disease, Med. History, 
Prior Treatments 
X 
Pathology Reports 
X 
Radiology Reports 
X 
Treatment and Treatment 
Modification Form 
X 
X 
Physical Exam ((incl.. height, weight, 
and vitals, ECOG0 
X 
X 
X 
Laboratory Form and Original Reports 
X 
X 
X 
Toxicity Form 
X 
X 
Concomitment Medication Form 
X 
X 
X 
Hospitalization Form 
X 
Patient Status and Outcome Form 
X 
 
 
Schedule: 
 
Baseline: Forms to be submitted within two weeks of registration 
Cycle: To be completed after each cycle and submitted every 4 weeks 
Off-Study: To be submitted within 4 weeks of the protocol completion. 
 
Please submit forms to: 
 
Hanna Weissbrot, Research Study Assistant 
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 
633 3rd Avenue, 15th Floor 
New York, NY 10017 
Fax: 212-557-0787 
weissbrh@mskcc.org