Clinical trial NCT02096354
Conditions: Colorectal Neoplasms
Sponsor: EpicentRx, Inc.
Start date: 2014-05-01; Completion date: 2020-10-08
Enrollment: 62 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary:
This two-stage study is designed to compare the safety and activity between RRx-001 against regorafenib followed by irinotecan-based therapies in a parallel comparative study.

Patients who are suffering from advanced or metastatic (meaning the disease has spread) colorectal cancer are invited to participate in this study. There will be two groups of patients (Randomized, open label study), one of these will receive RRx-001 and the other one will receive regorafenib. If patients qualify to participate in this study, they will be randomly assigned to the 'interventional arm' where patients will receive the experimental drug, RRx-001, or the 'control arm' where they will receive the current standard-of-care, Regorafenib. Patients have a 66% chance (2 out of 3) of receiving RRx-001 and a 33 % chance (1 out of 3) of receiving regorafenib.

On progression in the first part of the study, provided ECOG performance status is adequate, and if clinically appropriate i.e. there are no absolute or relative contraindications in the opinion of the Investigator, all subjects will enter the second part of the study and receive irinotecan plus bevacizumab.

Whether patients are given RRx-001 or regorafenib, they will also receive best supportive care, which includes treatments to help manage side effects and symptoms of cancer. This is an open label study, which means patients will know to which of these treatments, RRx-001 or regorafenib, they are assigned.

Detailed description:
Purpose This two-stage study is designed to compare the safety and activity between RRx-001 against regorafenib followed by irinotecan-based therapies in a parallel comparative study.

Patients who are suffering from advanced or metastatic (meaning the disease has spread) colorectal cancer are invited to participate in this study. There will be two groups of patients (Randomized, open label study), one of these will receive RRx-001 and the other one will receive regorafenib. Qualifying patients will be randomly assigned (like the flip of a coin) to the 'interventional arm' and receive the experimental drug, RRx-001, or the 'control arm' where they will receive the current standard-of-care, Regorafenib. Patients will have a 66% chance (2 out of 3) of receiving RRx-001 and a 33 % chance (1 out of 3) of receiving regorafenib.

On progression in the first part of the study, provided ECOG performance status is adequate, and if clinically appropriate i.e. there are no absolute or relative contraindications in the opinion of the Investigator, all subjects will enter the second part of the study receive irinotecan plus bevacizumab.

Whether patients are given RRx-001 or regorafenib, they will also receive best supportive care, which includes treatments to help manage side effects and symptoms of cancer. This is an open label study, which means patients will know to which of these treatments, RRx-001 or regorafenib, they are assigned.

Background Oxygen is vital to life, we need it to breathe, for example, but at the same time it gives rise to byproducts that are toxic called free radicals. Free radicals are defined as "oxidants". Similarly, substances that interact with and neutralize free radicals, thus preventing them from causing damage, are called "antioxidants". Examples of recognizable antioxidants are Vitamin E, Vitamin C and beta-carotene. Antioxidants are also known as "free radical scavengers." When free radicals are present in excess of antioxidants damage may occur.

A free radical is an unstable molecule with an unpaired electron, an electrically charged particle, which seeks out another electron to return to a state of balance. An example of a free radical is hydrogen peroxide, recognizable as the household product that "bubbles" when it's poured on wounds. These bubbles come from oxygen free radicals, which are toxic to bacteria and all living cells, including cancer. The fact that these free radicals are toxic has to do with how reactive they are-imagine free radicals as high-speed ball bearings that smash into other molecules in order to "steal" back an electron and end their radical state, which sets off a chain reaction that transforms once stable compounds into a string of reactive radicals.

As new free radicals are created in this chain reaction, they randomly slam into whatever molecules they are closest to and steal their electrons, corroding them, like a biological form of rust. This process is repeated over and over, picking up speed, until an antioxidant can "neutralize" the free radicals and put a stop to the snowball effect. In the same way that this free radical bombardment can damage not only bacteria but also healthy tissues in the body, it is also capable of destroying cancer cells.

The current consensus is that compared to normal tissue tumor cells may accumulate elevated levels of free radicals, which contribute to the development of cancer. This is potentially a fatal weakness, a form of biological "Kryptonite", which can be used to advantage since the addition of even a small amount of free radicals may push the tumor over the edge, past the tipping point, above tolerable thresholds, breaking the camel's back. Similar to the expression "live by the sword, die by the sword", free radicals may lead to the development of cancer but they also are capable of harming it when present in excess.

RRx-001 is a completely new type of drug that comes from the U.S. aerospace or rocket science industry. It is activated to deliver free radicals to tissues that have low levels of oxygen. Compared to normal tissues, which have higher levels of oxygen, most, if not all, tumors exist in a low-oxygen environment, perhaps to prevent oxidation. In this way the free radicals delivered by RRx-001 to cancer cells under low oxygen conditions are able, in theory, to cause their targeted destruction without harming normal cells.

In general, colorectal tumors have low levels of antioxidants and, without this antioxidant protection, these tumors are more likely to be harmed by free radicals, so a treatment like RRx-001, which is able to increase the free radicals in the tumor, may benefit patients with colorectal cancer; this is a reason for studying RRx-001 in colorectal cancer. So far, in a Phase 1 study, 25 men and women with advanced, incurable cancer have received RRx-001 for different lengths of time and at doses that ranged from 10 mg/m2 to 83 mg/m2 once a week.

Regorafenib is a drug approved by the FDA to treat colon cancer after previous chemotherapy is no longer effective. It belongs to a class of targeted drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Tyrosine kinases, which play a key role in many cell functions including cell growth and division, are commonly mutated or changed in cancer cells, becoming super-active and producing cells that have uncontrolled growth, and, therefore, blocking them with drugs like regorafenib may keep the cancer cells from growing.

Arms: arm 1: Once-weekly intravenous RRx-001 at a dose of 4 mg on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 4-week cycle. On progression and if eligible, patients will receive irinotecan (with or without bevacizumab) arm 2: Regorafenib daily on Days 1- 21 of a 4-week cycle. On progression and if eligible, patients will receive irinotecan (with or without bevacizumab)
Interventions: intervention 1: RRx-001 intervention 2: Regorafenib intervention 3: Irinotecan
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: None intervention 2: None intervention 3: To be dosed after RRx-001 or regorafenib

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
Clinical Study Protocol 
 
RRx-001 For Injection 
RRx001-21-02 
 
Amendment 08 
 
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL 
 
Protocol No. 
RRx001-21-02 
Product 
RRx-001 
Title: 
A Phase 2 Randomized, Open-Label Study of RRx-001 vs 
Regorafenib in Subjects with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer  
Development Phase 
 
IND #: 
Phase 2 
 
107,674 
 
Version: 
Original 
15 November 2013 
 
Amendment No.  
Date: 
Amendment 08 
09 November 2016 
Sponsor: 
EpicentRx, Inc. 
800 W. El Camino Real, Suite 180 
Mountain View, CA 94040 
 
Sponsor’s Medical Contact: 
Bryan Oronsky, M.D. 
Chief Medical Officer 
800 W. El Camino Real 
Mountain View, CA 94040 
Tel: 650-943-2426 
Email: boronsky@epicentrx.com 
 
Study Medical Monitor: 
Bryan Oronsky, M.D. 
Tel: 408-569-3202 
 
 
This document contains proprietary and confidential information of EpicentRx. Acceptance of this document 
constitutes agreement by the recipient that no previously unpublished information contained herein will be published 
or disclosed without the prior written approval of EpicentRx with the exception that this document may be disclosed 
to study personnel under your supervision who need to know the contents for conducting the study and appropriate 
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)/Independent Ethics Committees (IEC) under the condition that the personnel 
have agreed to keep this information confidential. The foregoing shall not apply to disclosure required by 
governmental regulations or laws; however, EpicentRx shall be promptly notified of any such disclosure. 
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INVESTIGATOR AGREEMENT PAGE 
 
EpicentRx, Inc. 
 
Protocol No. RRx001-21-02,  
A Phase 2 Randomized, Open-Label Study of RRx-001 vs Regorafenib in  
Subjects with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer  
Version: Amendment 08 
09 November 2016 
 
  
 
 
I will provide copies of the protocol, any subsequent protocol amendments and access to all 
information provided by the Sponsor to the study personnel under my supervision. I will discuss 
this material with them to ensure that they are fully informed about the investigational drug and 
the study protocol. 
 
I agree to conduct this clinical trial according to the attached protocol, except when mutually 
agreed to in writing. I also agree to conduct this study in compliance with all federal, state and 
local regulations, as well as with the requirements of the appropriate Institutional Review Board 
and any other institutional requirements. 
 
 
 
Principal Investigator 
 
Date 
Printed Name: 
 
 
 
Institution: 
 
 
 
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09 Nov 2016 
PROTOCOL APPROVAL PAGE 
 
 
TITLE:  
A Phase 2 Randomized, Open-Label Study of RRx-001 vs Regorafenib in Subjects 
with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer  
 
 
SPONSOR: 
 
EpicentRx, Inc. 
800 W. El Camino Real 
Mountain View, CA 94040 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bryan Oronsky, M.D.  
Date  
 
 
09 November 2016 
IND 107,674/Serial No. 0099


Clinical Study Protocol 
 
RRx-001 For Injection 
RRx001-21-02 
 
Amendment 08 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
1.0 
STUDY SYNOPSIS ...........................................................................................................8 
1.1 
Schedule of Assessments .......................................................................................18 
2.0 
BACKGROUND ..............................................................................................................24 
2.1 
Colorectal Cancer ...................................................................................................24 
2.2 
Target Indication ....................................................................................................25 
2.3 
RRx-001 .................................................................................................................25 
2.4 
Nonclinical Studies with RRx-001 ........................................................................25 
2.5 
Clinical Studies with RRx-001 ..............................................................................28 
2.6 
Rationale for Study ................................................................................................33 
2.7 
Clinical Dose Selection for RRx-001 ....................................................................34 
2.8 
Clinical Dose Selection for Regorafenib ...............................................................35 
2.9 
Clinical Dose Selection for Irinotecan and Bevacizumab Therapies .....................35 
3.0 
STUDY OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................35 
3.1 
Primary Objectives .................................................................................................35 
3.2 
Secondary Objectives .............................................................................................35 
3.3 
Exploratory Objectives ..........................................................................................36 
4.0 
OVERALL STUDY DESIGN .........................................................................................36 
4.1 
Duration of Treatment............................................................................................37 
4.2 
Study Procedures ...................................................................................................37 
4.3 
Long-term Follow-up .............................................................................................38 
4.4 
Data Monitoring Committee ..................................................................................38 
4.5 
Response Assessment ............................................................................................38 
4.6 
RRx-001 Treatment ...............................................................................................39 
4.7 
Regorafenib ............................................................................................................40 
4.8 
Irinotecan Therapies ...............................................................................................41 
5.0 
SUBJECT SELECTION .................................................................................................41 
6.0 
CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS ..............................................................................41 
6.1 
Dose Modification .................................................................................................42 
7.0 
STUDY VISITS ................................................................................................................44 
7.1 
Screening Visit Within 28 Days Prior to Randomization ......................................44 
7.2 
Treatment Schedule ...............................................................................................45 
7.3 
Subject Withdrawal from Study Treatment ...........................................................50 
7.4 
Withdrawal Procedure ...........................................................................................51 
7.5 
Early Termination of Study/Center Closure ..........................................................51 
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8.0 
SUBJECT ASSESSMENTS ............................................................................................51 
8.1 
Tumor Assessments Using irRC Criteria by X-Ray Computed Tomography, 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and FDG-PET ........................................................51 
8.2 
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Imaging ..................................................52 
8.3 
Tumor Biopsies ......................................................................................................52 
8.4 
Laboratory Assessments ........................................................................................52 
8.5 
Clinical Features of RRx-001 Toxicity and Management .....................................53 
9.0 
ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY .....................................................................................53 
9.1 
Tumor Assessments ...............................................................................................53 
10.0 
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ..........................................................................................56 
10.1 
Coding Adverse Events ..........................................................................................56 
10.2 
Adverse Events ......................................................................................................56 
10.3 
Monitoring Adverse Events ...................................................................................57 
10.4 
Serious Adverse Event (SAE) ................................................................................59 
10.5 
Withdrawal Due to Adverse Events .......................................................................61 
10.6 
Reporting Responsibility .......................................................................................61 
10.7 
Following Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) ..........................63 
11.0 
STATISTICAL PLAN .....................................................................................................63 
11.1 
Determination of Sample Size ...............................................................................63 
11.2 
Safety Analyses ......................................................................................................64 
11.3 
Efficacy Analyses ..................................................................................................64 
12.0 
INVESTIGATOR REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................................65 
12.1 
Protocol Adherence ................................................................................................65 
12.2 
Disclosure ..............................................................................................................65 
12.3 
Case Report Forms .................................................................................................65 
12.4 
Source Document Maintenance .............................................................................66 
12.5 
Study Monitoring Requirements ............................................................................66 
12.6 
Quality Control and Quality Assurance .................................................................66 
12.7 
Study Completion ..................................................................................................66 
13.0 
PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS AND GENERAL STUDY 
ADMINISTRATION .......................................................................................................67 
13.1 
Informed Consent...................................................................................................67 
13.2 
Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval ..........................................................67 
14.0 
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING ..........................................................68 
14.1 
Direct Access to Source Data/Documents .............................................................68 
14.2 
Archiving of Data ..................................................................................................68 
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15.0 
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................69 
16.0 
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................70 
 
LIST OF APPENDICES 
 
Appendix 1: 
Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) Performance Status .....................................73 
Appendix 2: 
Bioassay Sample Collection ..................................................................................74 
Appendix 3: 
Biopsy Tissue and/or Slides Collection and Shipping General Guidelines ...........75 
Appendix 4: 
Quality of Life Questionnaire – EORTC QLQ-C30 ..............................................78 
Appendix 5: 
RECIST v1.1 and Immune Related Response Criteria ..........................................83 
Appendix 6: 
CEUS Imaging Protocol ........................................................................................85 
Appendix 7: 
Additional Information About Irinotecan Toxicity ................................................87 
Appendix 8: 
Acceptable Infusion Sets ........................................................................................88 
Appendix 9: 
Study Schema.........................................................................................................89 
Appendix 10: Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (revised version) ..................................90 
 
LIST OF IN TEXT TABLES 
Table 1: 
Schedule of Assessments .......................................................................................18 
Table 2: 
Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) Considered Related to Study 
Drug RRx-001 in Decreasing Order of Frequency ................................................29 
Table 3: 
Subject Response by Cohort per RECIST v1.1 .....................................................32 
Table 4: 
Dose and Dose Schedule for Irinotecan and Bevacizumab Therapies ..................41 
Table 5: 
Dose Modifications for RRx-001 Administration .................................................42 
Table 6: 
Dose Modifications for Irinotecan Administration ................................................44 
Table 7: 
Recommended Dose Reductions for Irinotecan ....................................................44 
Table 8: 
Imaging Events and Modalities .............................................................................52 
 
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LIST OF IN TEXT FIGURES 
Figure 1: 
Subjects Resensitized to Previously Failed Therapies ...........................................33 
Figure 2: 
Baseline FDG-PET/CT (left) demonstrating an FDG avid tumor is compared 
to interim FDG-PET/CT after 5 weeks of treatment with RRx-001 (right). The 
treatment effect is indicated by extensive central tumor necrosis with a thin 
halo of the apparently viable tumor, which may be an immune infiltrate. ............55 
Figure 3: 
Graph of cellularity, necrosis and T cell infiltrate in a two serially biopsied 
lymph nodes from the same patient on a 40x field of view. The y-axis is 
graded on a scale of 0 to 3 where 0=none 1=slight 2=moderate 3=extensive. 
By 12 weeks T cell infiltrate has significantly increased while cellularity has 
significantly decreased. ..........................................................................................55 
Figure 4: 
Excerpt from the Package Insert for Irinotecan Hydrochloride Describing 
Observed Toxicity Associated with its Use ...........................................................87 
 
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1.0 
STUDY SYNOPSIS 
Protocol Title: 
A Phase 2 Randomized, Open-Label Study of RRx-001 vs Regorafenib in 
Subjects with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 
Sponsor: 
EpicentRx, Inc. 
Active Ingredient: 
RRx-001 
Study Phase: 
Phase 2 
Number of Study Sites: 
Up to 10 
Study Design: 
This is a two-stage phase 2, open-label, randomized (2:1), two-arm study 
comparing RRx-001 vs regorafenib in subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer 
who have been treated with at least oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens 
with bevacizumab and cetuximab or panitumumab (if KRAS wildtype).  
Effective August 15th, 2016, general enrollment for this protocol has been closed 
to new enrollment.  An expansion cohort remains open at Stanford University 
with the potential to enroll up to 10 patients.  The following content is maintained 
for intent of overall evaluation of previously enrolled and new patients enrolled 
by Stanford: 
Stage 1 
• 
Arm 1 – subjects will receive once-weekly intravenous, by blood mix 
administration, RRx-001 for up to 4 hours at a dose of 4 mg on Days 1, 8, 
15, and 22 of a 4-week cycle.  
• 
Arm 2 – subjects will receive regorafenib at 160 mg orally daily on Days 1-
21 of a 4-week cycle. 
To determine progression and entry to Stage 2, CT or MRI response will be 
evaluated according to immune related response criteria (irRC) (for 
evaluation of response or progression on irinotecan, RECIST 1.1 criteria will 
be used, see below). However, for informational purposes, since the 
presence of treatment-induced inflammation may confound interpretation of 
radiologic scans, RRx-001 subjects may receive an FDG-PET (see 
Section 9.1.2).  
Patients will receive RRx-001 until intolerable toxicity or progression as defined by 
Immune Related Response Criteria. Note: Continuation of RRx-001 per irRC past the 
initial scan at Week 12 to the confirmatory scan at Week 16  (no earlier) following 
the appearance of a new lesion is only permissible provided the following criteria 
stated below are met: 
• 
In order to allow continued administration of  RRx-001 (or regorafenib) 
despite progression of disease based on appearance of a new lesion (per 
irRC), patients must have absence of symptoms and signs of clinically 
important morbidity due to disease progression (e.g., requirement for 
additional medical management to control symptoms or irradiation to 
prevent morbidity), absence of symptomatic rapid disease progression 
requiring urgent medical intervention (e.g., spinal cord compression), and no 
decline in ECOG or Karnofsky performance status. 
• 
Patients are re-consented using a written informed consent document at the 
time of progression of disease. 
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Stage 2 
On progression, provided ECOG performance status is 0 or 1, and if clinically 
appropriate i.e. there are no absolute or relative contraindications in the opinion of 
the Investigator, all subjects will receive irinotecan plus bevacizumab: (irinotecan 
180 mg/m2 iv on day 1 of each 2 week cycle) see Section 6.1.3. Prior to entering 
stage 2, all study patients will need to meet Inclusion Criterion #10 regarding 
required laboratory parameters (a-e) (Inclusion Criteria). 
 
This two-stage study is designed to compare the safety and activity between RRx-
001 against regorafenib followed by irinotecan-based therapies in a parallel 
comparative study.  Subjects with confirmed progression from their last treatment 
will be randomized 2:1 to receive either RRx-001 or regorafenib in 4-week cycles 
until confirmed radiologic progressive disease per irRC and clinical deterioration 
or intolerable toxicity (Section 9.1.2).  The study is also designed to investigate 
potential resenitization to irinotecan therapies post RRx-001 or regorafenib. 
Subjects will undergo long term follow up for their response to subsequent 
therapy and for overall survival.  
 
See Appendix 9 for Study Schema  
Objectives: 
• 
Primary Objective: 
• To assess and compare the overall survival (OS) in the RRx-001 vs 
regorafenib treatment arms.  
• 
Secondary Objectives: 
• To assess and compare Progression Free Survival 2 (PFS2) as a surrogate 
for overall survival (OS) in the RRx-001 vs regorafenib treatment arms.  
• To assess and compare the safety and tolerability in the RRx-001 vs 
regorafenib treatment arms.  
• To assess and compare objective response rate (ORR) in the RRx-001 vs 
regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the clinical benefit rate (CBR = CR+PR + SD≥4 
months) in the RRx-001 vs regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the progression free survival (PFS) in the RRx-001 
vs regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the duration of response (DOR) in the RRx-001 vs 
regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the duration of clinical benefit (DCB) in the RRx-
001 vs regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the response and clinical benefit to subsequent 
therapies in the RRx-001 vs regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the quality of life (QOL) in the RRx-001 vs 
regorafenib treatment arms using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. 
• 
Exploratory Objectives:  
O 
To assess the impact of RRx-001 on tumor blood flow by 
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) 
 
Subject Population and 
Sample Size: 
Subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer who have been treated with oxaliplatin- 
and irinotecan-based regimens with bevacizumab and cetuximab or panitumumab 
(if KRAS wildtype) and that are refractory to irinotecan and do not have a history 
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of an allergic reaction or intolerance to irinotecan will be enrolled in this study.  
Approximately 190 subjects will be randomized (127 RRx-001 and 63 
regorafenib). The study has been powered based upon observing 123 deaths in 
total.  The number of subjects randomized may increase or decrease depending 
upon the observed OS rates. 
 
Due to the changes in Amendment 01 onward, particularly with respect to 
inclusion/exclusion criteria and study design, subjects that were enrolled prior to 
Amendment 01 will be analyzed for safety only.  
Due to the changes in Amendment 08 onward, up to 10 additional patients will be 
enrolled by Stanford only at which point data will be analyzed.  
Inclusion Criteria: 
Eligible subjects must meet all of the following Inclusion Criteria:  
1. Subject is capable of understanding the purpose and risks of the study and is 
able to provide written Informed Consent; 
2. Subject is male or female, aged at least 18 years; 
3. Histological or cytological documentation of adenocarcinoma of the colon 
or rectum; 
4. Subject must have received at least oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based 
regimens with bevacizumab and with, cetuximab or panitumumab if KRAS 
wildtype and are refractory to irinotecan; 
5. Subject has measurable disease per RECIST v1.1 by radiographic techniques 
(computerized tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]); 
6. Subjects with a history of brain metastasis are eligible for the study as long 
as they meet all the following criteria: their brain metastases have been 
treated, they have no evidence of progression or hemorrhage after treatment, 
have been off dexamethasone for 4 weeks prior to first study drug 
administration, and have no ongoing requirement for dexamethasone or anti-
epileptic drugs; 
7. Ability to evaluate p53 status, via archival slides or fresh biopsy. Patients 
without archival slides or who are not candidates for fresh biopsy may 
continue on study and will be excluded from this evaluation. 
8. Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks 
9. Subject’s Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status is 0 or 1; 
10. Laboratory parameters as follows: 
a. 
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500/mm3;  
b. Platelets ≥75,000/mm3;  
c. 
Hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL;  
d. Normal serum creatinine or a measured or calculated creatinine 
clearance > 50 mL/min (based on the Cockroft-Gault formula); 
e. 
AST and ALT ≤2 x ULN  (≤5.0 × ULN for subjects with liver 
involvement of their cancer);  
f. 
Bilirubin ≤1.5 X ULN;  
g. Alkaline phosphatase ≤2.5 x ULN (≤5 x ULN with liver 
involvement of their cancer);  
11. Subject must provide consent to the access, review and analysis of previous 
medical and cancer history, including archival tissue and imaging data by 
the Sponsor or a Third Party nominated by the sponsor.  
12. Fertile subjects must use effective contraception during the course of the 
study and for 30 days following withdrawal from the study; 
13. Subject is willing and able to comply with all protocol procedures, 
evaluations and rescue measures 
14. Measurable Lesions in the Liver suitable for CEUS imaging 
 
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Exclusion Criteria: 
Subjects will be ineligible for study participation if they meet any of the 
following Exclusion Criteria: 
 
1. Clinically significant cardiovascular disease; 
2. Unresolved toxicity higher than CTCAE (v. 4.03) Grade 2 attributed to any 
prior therapy/procedure excluding alopecia, hypothyroidism, oxaliplatin- 
induced neurotoxicity and EGFR-targeted therapy induced skin rash for at 
least 14 days; 
3. Evidence or history of tendency or predisposition to active bleeding. Any 
hemorrhage or bleeding event of CTCAE grade 3 or higher within 4 weeks 
of start of study medication;  
4. Symptoms or signs of active brain metastases; 
5. History of an allergic reaction or intolerance to irinotecan 
6. Hepatic encephalopathy 
7. Cholangitis that required treatment or intervention within 4 weeks of study 
enrollment 
8. Concurrent anticancer therapy or any cytotoxic therapy within 14 days prior 
to Day 1. Corticosteroid therapy is not allowed except on dosing days; 
9. Subject has previously received regorafenib; 
10. Clear contraindication for systemic corticosteroids (diabetes mellitus is not 
per se a clear contraindication);  
11. Subjects with a serious co-morbid medical condition, or a clinically 
significant laboratory finding(s) or any finding(s) on history and/or 
examination that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could interfere with the 
conduct of the study or could put the subject at unacceptable risk; 
12. Severe hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 3.0 g/dL); 
13. Previous exposure to etirinotecan pegol (NKTR-102) 
14. Subjects who are pregnant or lactating or who are planning to become 
pregnant during the course of the study are excluded.  
 
RRx-001, Dose, Dose 
Schedule and Mode of 
Administration: 
RRx-001 Drug Product and Diluent Product: 
RRx-001 Drug Product is supplied as a sterile solution in PEG-400. Prior to 
administration, DMA will be added to RRx-001 Drug Product to yield a solution 
containing 66% PEG-400 and 33% DMA. This solution will then be diluted to 
2.0 mg/mL with Water for Injection (WFI). Each dose of RRx-001 will be 
administered via an intravenous infusion. A list of preferred infusion sets is listed 
in the Pharmacy Manual and in Appendix 8. 
All doses of RRx-001 will be administered on an open-label basis. 
Full details for preparation of the RRx-001 infusion can be found in the Pharmacy 
Manual.  
Dose and Dose Schedule:  
The dose in this trial will be 4 mg based on ongoing evidence of activity. The dose 
of 4 mg translates to 2 mL, which will be mixed with an aliquot of autologous blood 
and anticoagulant ACDA and re-infused into the subject once a week over an 
expected time period of less than an hour and, for safety, this must not to exceed 
four (4) hours of blood collection. The procedure is outlined in detail in the latest 
version of the Blood Administration Best Practices & Guidelines for IV Infusion of 
RRx-001 + Blood Mix.  
The dosing schedule window may vary ± 1 day for subject convenience or clinic 
schedules.  
Dose and Dosage Modifications: 
Dose interruptions are permitted.  
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Dose modifications arising from subject intolerance of the infusion reaction 
and/or physician preference are permitted as follows:  
Sequential 
Dose 
Modification 
RRx-
001 
Dose 
Infusion Time 
Frequency 
Interval 
Initial 
4 mg 
Up to 4 h from 
time of blood 
extraction 
1 x week 
Separated by 7 days ± 1 
day 
Dose 
reduction 
option 
2 mg 
Up to 4 h from 
time of blood 
extraction 
1 x week 
Separated by 7 days ± 1 
day 
 
 
 
Regorafenib: 
Regorafenib: 
Effective August 15th, 2016, general enrollment for this protocol has been closed 
to new enrollment.  An expansion cohort remains open at Stanford University 
with the potential to enroll up to 10 additional RRx-001 patients.  
 
For patients previously randomized and enrolled to the Regorafenib arm:  
 
Regorafenib will be commercially supplied and prescribed as described in the 
package insert and paid for by insurance. It is supplied as light pink oval shaped 
tablets containing 40 mg of regorafenib in the anhydrous state, which corresponds 
to 41.49 mg of regorafenib monohydrate.  
 
Dose and Dose Schedule:  
The recommended dose of regorafenib is 160 mg (four 40 mg tablets) taken orally 
once daily for the first 21 days of each 28 day cycle. Regorafenib is to be 
administered as described in the package insert.  
 
Dose Modifications: 
Dose modifications of regorafenib due to adverse events are to be adjusted based 
on the package insert per standard clinical practice. 
 
Irinotecan  
Irinotecan: 
The recommended dose for irinotecan will be 180 mg/m2 every two (2) weeks. 
Recommended dose alterations for toxicity from the FDA approved irinotecan 
product information are shown below (Camptosar (irinotecan hydrochloride 
injection). US FDA-approved product information): 
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Recommended dose reductions for irinotecan.  
Starting Dose of 
Irinotecan 
(mg/m2) 
Dose level -1 
(mg/m2) 
Dose level -2 
(mg/m2) 
Dose level -3 
(mg/m2) 
180 
140-150 
110-120 
100 
Duration of Treatment: 
In the absence of unacceptable treatment-related toxicity or disease progression as 
defined by the protocol, subjects may receive treatment to which they have been 
randomized (Arm 1, RRx-001 or Arm 2, regorafenib) for up to 1 year at the 
discretion of the Investigator and beyond 1 year with the agreement of the 
Investigator and the Sponsor.  Subjects will remain on study as long as they 
continue to receive RRx-001, regorafenib or irinotecan plus bevacizumab.  
Subjects randomized to regorafenib are not permitted to crossover to receive 
RRx-001.  
 
Methodology: 
Effective August 15th, 2016, general enrollment for this protocol has been closed 
to new enrollment.  An expansion cohort remains open at Stanford University 
with the potential to enroll up to 10 patients.  
 
• Subjects will now be enrolled to RRx-001 only 
• Subjects receiving RRx-001 will receive RRx-001 as described in RRx-001 
dose section above 
• Subjects receiving regorafenib will receive regorafenib daily as described in 
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the regorafenib package insert 
• Subjects receiving irinotecan will receive these agents as described in the 
irinotecan and bevacizumab (Section 6.1.3) 
• After progression on either arm, subjects will receive irinotecan-based 
therapies until progression.  
General procedures: 
• Subjects will be screened for eligibility within the twenty-eight (28) days prior 
to enrollment according to the Schedule of Assessments.  
• Tumor assessment (see below) will be performed at Screening unless a CT or 
MRI was performed within 28 days of Cycle 1, Day 1.  
• Diagnostic CT with contrast (see Section 9.1.2) will be carried out for RRx-
001 randomized subjects at Baseline. . 
• A diagnostic CT scan with contrast for RRx-001 subjects that are at Stage 2 
(i.e. receiving irinotecan/bevacizumab therapies) will be carried out at the first 
scheduled imaging visit after starting irinotecan.   
• In addition to safety labs as indicated in the Schedule of Assessments, blood 
may be drawn for the biomarker assays at Screening, Cycle 2, Day 1 and 
Progression. 
• Tumor biopsies may be performed following discussion and concurrence with 
the Medical Monitor.  
• Determination of p53, PDI and beta glucoronidase (RRx-001 subjects): 
Documentation of p53 status can occur via the following: 1) Prior genetic 
testing/profiling results; 2) Submission of archival tissue to local laboratory if 
site has the required capabilities; or 3) Submission of archival tissue to central 
laboratory. Only in the event that p53 status is unknown and there is not 
sufficient archival tissue to be submitted, the patient should undergo a research 
biopsy of the primary tumor if deemed clinically appropriate. 
• Subjects will undergo a full physical exam at Screening. 
• Subjects will undergo all assessments including laboratory evaluations, vital 
signs and symptom-directed physical exam every 2 weeks during Cycles 1-2, 
then every 4 weeks from Cycle 3+.   
• Subjects will be imaged by contrast-enhanced chest/abdomen/pelvic CT (or 
non-contrast chest CT + abdomen/pelvic MRI if iodinated contrast is 
contraindicated) every 8 weeks per institutional standard of care. MRI is 
permitted if the subject in intolerant of CT contrast agent or if MRI is the best 
imaging modality for a given tumor site.  The same imaging modality for 
tumor assessments for each subject should be performed throughout the study. 
• At progression, subjects may have blood drawn for biomarker assays.  
• Subjects will complete the QOL questionnaire every 2 weeks at a clinical visit.  
• Females of child-bearing potential will receive a serum pregnancy test at 
screening. 
• Adverse events (AEs) and concomitant medications will be collected 
throughout the study at clinical visits. 
• CEUS will be performed in patients, at the discretion of the Principal 
Investigator and Radiologist, with liver metastases before and after RRx-001 
treatment and also be used to assess tumor response with irinotecan post-RRx-
001 in accordance with the schedule outlined in the Schedule of Assessments.  
(Subjects enrolled at Stanford University only, see Appendix 6).  
• The physician will complete the ESASr Assessment at Screening and the first 
week of every cycle. Questionnaire is not required at Cycle 1 Day 1 if 
screening ESASr Assessments completed within 48 hours prior. An increase of 
2 or more points is classified as deteriorated, a change of 0 or ±1 as stable, and 
a decrease of 2 or more as improved. If the ESAS increases by two or more 
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points, compared to baseline, indicating deterioration, then the patient should 
be scanned for progression. 
• Other tests and evaluations that are to be performed during Screening and at 
each visit to the study center are detailed in Table 1, Schedule of Assessments. 
Criteria for Evaluation 
Safety: 
All available data will be provided to an independent Data Monitoring Committee 
(DMC) at the interim and final efficacy analyses to also review safety. There will 
be 2 planned analyses; an interim analysis once 61 (50%) OS events have 
occurred, and a final analysis once enrollment has been completed and 123 OS 
events have occurred.  Safety will be assessed by periodic physical examinations, 
clinical laboratory assessments, and monitoring of adverse events (AEs).  Adverse 
events will be graded using NCI CTCAE version 4.03.   
Efficacy:  
Radiographic and/or physical assessments of the malignancy will be made at 
Screening/Baseline (within 28 days prior to the first study drug administration) 
and every 2 cycles (8 weeks ±7 days) thereafter.  Objective response (complete 
response [CR] and partial response [PR]) as determined by the subject’s best 
tumor response, duration of response, and time to progression will be assessed by 
the Investigator radiologic review using immune related response criteria (irRC) 
for RRx-001 response and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Criteria 
(RECIST) version 1.1 for irinotecan response.  A confirmatory CT/MRI scan 
should be performed at approximately 4 weeks from the previous scan for all 
patients with an objective response of ≥ PR.  The Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR = 
CR + PR + stable disease [SD] of ≥4 months duration) will also be determined.  
Tumor markers will also be assessed on a monthly basis, but will not be used as a 
basis for disease progression or response in the absence of radiologic findings 
consistent with disease or progression or response. 
Exploratory Assessments: 
Tumor Biopsy: 
Tumor biopsies may be performed as needed following discussion and approval 
by the Medical Monitor.  
Biomarker Assays: 
Determination of p53, PDI and beta glucoronidase (RRx-001 subjects only): 
Documentation of p53 status can occur via the following: 1) Prior genetic 
testing/profiling results; 2) Submission of archival tissue to local laboratory if site 
has the required capabilities; or 3) Submission of archival tissue to central 
laboratory. Only in the event that p53 status or level of PDI expression is 
unknown and there is not sufficient archival tissue to be submitted, the patient 
should undergo a research biopsy of the primary tumor if deemed clinically 
appropriate. Soluble PD-L1, epigenetic markers and Serum glutamine levels and 
RRx-001 transporter effects including Transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), ASC amino-
acid transporter 2 (ASCT2), and the cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc) and 
glutamine transporter blockade will be studied.  
Statistical Methods: 
Determination of Sample Size: 
Effective August 15th, 2016, general enrollment for this protocol has been closed 
to new enrollment.  An expansion cohort remains open at Stanford University 
with the potential to enroll up to 10 patients.  The following content is maintained 
for intent of overall evaluation of previously enrolled and new patients enrolled 
by Stanford:   
We hypothesize that the administration of RRx-001 as a single agent for relapsed 
metastatic colorectal cancer that have failed 2 prior lines of systemic therapy, 
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including adjuvant therapy, will increase median OS by 3 months (i.e., from 6 to 9 
months) when compared to the control therapy of regorafenib.  Such an increase in 
median OS corresponds to a 33% reduction in the risk of death (i.e., target hazard 
ratio of 0.667).  As this is a proof of concept study, the comparison between the two 
arms will be made at a 10% (one-sided) significance level.  Based on a log-rank test 
and 2:1 randomization ratio between treatment arms, a total of 123 death events 
from the 2 treatment arms are required to detect such an improvement in the RRx-
001 treatment arm compared to control with 80% power.  As part of these 
calculations, it has been assumed that there will be uniform enrollment over a 12-
month period, there will be a minimum 6 months follow-up per subject and survival 
data will be obtained for all but an insignificant number of subjects. It is expected 
that 190 subjects will be randomized with 2:1 randomization to achieve 123 events. 
Study follow-up will continue until it is projected that there will be approximately 
123 events. 
The primary inferential comparison between treatment groups will use the log-rank 
test using the full analysis population defined as randomized subjects receiving at 
least one dose of study treatment and not violating the following 
inclusion/exclusion criteria:  
Exclusion Criteria: 
4. 
Symptoms or signs of active brain metastases; 
6. 
Cholangitis that required treatment or intervention within 4 weeks of study 
enrollment 
 
Safety Analyses: 
Safety data analysis will be conducted on all subjects receiving at least 1 dose of 
RRx-001 or regorafenib.  Analyses will consist of data summaries for clinical and 
laboratory parameters, and for AEs.  The safety data will be summarized by 
treatment arm.  The number and percentage of subjects experiencing 1 or more AEs 
will be summarized by the relationship to study drug and severity.  Adverse events 
will be coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) 
terminology.  Laboratory parameters will be summarized using descriptive 
statistics, by post-dosing shifts relative to baseline, and data listings of clinically 
significant abnormalities.  Vital signs will be summarized by changes from baseline 
values using descriptive statistics.  
  
Efficacy Analyses:  
All available data will be provided to an independent Data Monitoring Committee 
(DMC) at the interim and final efficacy analyses. The primary efficacy endpoint is 
OS, defined as the number of months from randomization to death due to any cause. 
OS will be summarized descriptively using the Kaplan-Meier method.  Median OS 
will be estimated for each treatment group from the 50th percentile of the 
corresponding Kaplan-Meier estimates.  The primary inferential comparison 
between treatment groups will use the log-rank test using the full analysis 
population defined as randomized subjects receiving at least on dose of study 
treatment.  The hazard ratio will be estimated using a Cox proportional hazards 
model.  Similar analyses will be performed for progression free survival.  A 
summary of anticancer therapies received after ending protocol therapy will be 
provided.   
Efficacy outcomes based upon response will be assessed using irRC for RRx-001 
and RECIST (version 1.1) for irinotecan.  Such outcomes will be determined by the 
local Investigator and will serve as the data source for these analyses.  Objective 
response rate and clinical benefit rate will be compared using the chi-square test.  
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For all estimates, 95% 2-sided confidence intervals will be calculated.  The duration 
of objective response and clinical benefit response will be described descriptively 
using the Kaplan-Meier method. 
We also prospectively plan to conduct exploratory subgroup analyses on the 
following populations: 
1. Subjects with KRAS, BRAF or P53 mutations 
2. Subjects with prior bevacizumab or cetuximab therapy 
3. Subjects with prior oxaliplatin therapy 
4. Subjects with prior irinotecan therapy 
5. Subjects with prior 5-FU based therapy 
A single interim analysis for futility is planned at the time that 50% of the total 
death events are expected.  The objective of the futility analysis is to stop 
randomization to the study if there is sufficient evidence that such therapy is not 
improving outcomes relative to the control therapy.  As the intent of the interim 
analysis is for futility only, no adjustment to the type I error at the final analysis is 
proposed.   An independent statistical service provider will perform the interim 
efficacy analysis. On further review, given the lack of systemic toxicity observed to 
date, a data monitoring committee will only be convened to review significant 
serious adverse events and unacceptably frequent adverse events.  
 
Exploratory Analyses: 
CEUS results will be summarized descriptively for the RRx-001 treatment arm. 
 
Considerations for Amendment 01: 
Due to the changes in Amendment 01 onward, particularly with respect to 
inclusion/exclusion criteria and study design, subjects that were enrolled prior to 
Amendment 01 will be analyzed for safety only.  
 
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1.1 
Schedule of Assessments 
Table 1: 
Schedule of Assessments 
 
Screening
/Baseline 
Within 28 
Days1 
Cycle 1 (all ±1 day) 
Cycle 2 (all ±1 day) 
Cycle 3 (all ±1 day) 
Cycle 4 (all ±1 day) 
 
 
 
Procedures and Cycles 
 
W1 
W2 
W3 
W4 
W1 
W2 
W3 
W4 
W1 
W2 
W3 
W4 
W1 
W2 
W3 
W4 
At 
PD
13 
Stage 2 
Post PD
14 
Survival
15 
Informed consent 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Selection criteria assessment 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
1 
 
 
Medical History/Demographics 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Enrollment
2 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clinic Visit: Includes Full PE, 
ECOG, Vitals, Weight, Height
3 
X
1,3 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Tumor Assessment
4 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
CT imaging  
(RRx-001 subjects only)
5 
X
1,5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(X) 
X
5 
 
Laboratory Assessments
6 
X
1,6 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
Urinalysis 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pregnancy test (WOCBP 
subjects only)
7 
X
1 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Tumor sample submission
8 
X
1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
QOL questionnaire
9 
X
1 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
Concomitant 
Medications/procedures
10 
X
1 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
Adverse events
10 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
RRx-001 administration
11 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
Regorafenib administration
12 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
Irinotecan-based therapies
14 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
Overall survival 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
CEUS Imaging
15 
 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
Optional biopsy
16 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edmonton Scale Assessment 
System (ESAS)
17 
X 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Screening Assessment: Must be performed within 28 days prior to randomization and Cycle 1 Day 1. Assessments can be performed in one or more visits, so 
long as they are completed within the time frame. If screening clinic visit is performed within 7 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, it does not need to be repeated. 
If screening labs (hematology, complete metabolic panel, and CEA) are completed within 48 hours prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, these do not need to be repeated.  
On progression, study patients will need to meet eligibility criteria #10 regarding required laboratory parameters (a-e) before moving to Stage 2 of the 
protocol (see Inclusion Criteria). In addition, the following criteria need to be met:  
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• 
In order to allow continued administration of  RRx-001 (or regorafenib) despite progression of disease based on appearance of a new lesion (per irRC), 
patients must have absence of symptoms and signs of clinically important morbidity due to disease progression (e.g., requirement for additional medical 
management to control symptoms or irradiation to prevent morbidity), absence of symptomatic rapid disease progression requiring urgent medical 
intervention (e.g., spinal cord compression), and no decline in ECOG or Karnofsky performance status. 
• 
Patients are re-consented using a written informed consent document at the time of progression of disease. 
 
2. Enrollment: To be performed up to 7 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1. 
3. Subject Assessments: Subjects will undergo all assessments including vital signs, height (screening only), weight, ECOG performance status, and symptom-
directed physical exam every 2 weeks for the first 8 weeks on study (Cycles 1 and 2), then every 4 weeks (Cycle 3+) during Stage 1.  A full physical exam 
needs to be conducted at Screening, prior to starting Stage 2, and at the Study Termination Visit (STV). If screening physical exam is performed within 
seven (7) days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, it does not need to be repeated. 
4. Tumor Assessment: Tumor CT/MRI assessments during the screening period must be performed within 28 days prior to enrollment and no more than 35 
days prior to start of treatment. Tumor assessments will be performed every 12 weeks (or more frequently, if clinically indicated), until disease progression 
per irRC (See Section 9.1.2).  Although the use of contrast agent is preferred, for subjects allergic to the iodinated contrast agent, either a non-iodinated CT 
contrast agent or an MRI is permitted. MRI is also permitted if it is the best imaging modality for a given tumor site. The same imaging modality for tumor 
assessments for each subject should be performed throughout the study.  Per irRC, a confirmatory scan will be carried out at 16 weeks.  
5. Subjects randomized to RRx-001 will undergo diagnostic CT imaging (with contrast) at Baseline (Screening). A diagnostic CT scan (with contrast) for RRx-
001 randomized subjects that are at Stage 2 (i.e. receiving irinotecan and bevacizumab) will be carried out at the first scheduled imaging visit after starting 
these therapies. See Section 8.1 and 9.1.2.  
6. Laboratory Assessments: All laboratory testing will be performed by institution’s local laboratory. Laboratory evaluations are not required at Cycle 1 Day 1 
if screening evaluations are performed within 48 hours prior. Hematology includes: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and white blood cells 
with differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil). Complete Metabolic Panel includes: sodium, potassium, chloride, 
bicarbonate, BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH. Laboratory evaluations 
will be performed every 2 weeks for the first 8 weeks on study (Cycles 1 and 2), then every 4 weeks (Cycles 3+). CEA tumor marker will be assessed at 
screening, on Day 1 of each cycle, and every two weeks during Stage 2.   
7. Pregnancy test: A serum pregnancy test will be performed on women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) at Screening, and prior to starting Stage 2 
(irinotecan). 
8. Tissue Submission: Archived tumor tissue will be collected during Screening. Archived tissue will be collected for subjects who consent to the collection 
and use of archived biopsy material for biomarker analyses. It is preferred that tumor biopsies be submitted for biomarker analysis as a formalin fixed 
paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks; however unstained slides are also acceptable (at least 10 slides, if possible).  
9. Quality of Life Questionnaires: QOL Questionnaires should be completed at the beginning of the visit, prior to any other assessments and prior to the subject 
receiving study drug. Subjects will complete QOL questionnaire (Appendix 4) at their clinical visits every 2 weeks for the first 8 weeks on study (Cycles 1 
and 2), then every 4 weeks (Cycle 3+), and at each visit during Stage 2 The QOL Questionnaire is not required at Cycle 1 Day 1 if screening QOL 
Questionnaire is completed within 48 hours prior.  
10. Adverse Events and Concomitant Medications: Adverse event assessment should be recorded in all subjects who have received at least one dose of either 
RRx-001 or regorafenib beginning with Cycle 1, Day 1, and continue until the Progression on irinotecan (if continuing to Stage 2) or at Progression on either 
RRx-001 or regorafenib if not proceeding to Stage 2. In either case the SAE will be followed to resolution if not resolved to Grade ≤ 1 or baseline at time of 
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progression. Adverse events will be collected at each clinical visit. Concomitant Medications should be recorded at Screening and continuously throughout 
the same period as AEs, unless indication is for the treatment of an ongoing AE; in this case it should be recorded until resolution of AE to Grade ≤ 1 or 
baseline or discontinuation of medication. For a list of prohibited medications, see protocol Section 6.0. Best supportive care procedures and therapies 
should be documented in the concomitant medications/procedures. 
11. RRx-001 administration and clinical visits: RRx-001 will be administered at a dose of 4 mg IV once a week, with infusions performed every 7 days ±1 day 
apart, over a period of up to 4 hours, on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 4-week cycle.  Pre-medication with a corticosteroid (e.g. 10 mg dexamethasone IV) is 
required. Other agents, for example ibuprofen (see Section 6.0), may be administered as needed for pain relief at the discretion of the PI. The use of 
palliative radiation and/or surgical intervention is under the discretion of the Investigator and with agreement of the Sponsor.  
12. Regorafenib dosing: Regorafenib will be administered as directed in the package insert, at 160 mg orally once daily for the first 21 days of a 28 day cycle. 
Dose interruptions and reductions, if required, should strictly adhere to the guidelines in the package insert. The use of palliative radiation and/or surgical 
intervention is under the discretion of the Investigator and with agreement of the Sponsor. 
13. Progression Visit: Subjects found to have progressive disease as defined by irRC and clinical deterioration or intolerable toxicity (see ESASr below) will 
complete the assessments and enter Stage 2 of the study. All subjects will receive an irinotecan (180 mg/m2 IV) on Day 1 of each 2 week cycle. On 
progression, study patients will need to meet eligibility criteria #10 regarding required laboratory parameters (a-e) before moving to Stage 2 of the protocol 
(see Inclusion Criteria).  
14. Post-Progression Follow-up and Survival Follow-up: Following disease progression on RRx-001 or regorafenib, all subjects will enter Stage 2 and receive 
an irinotecan-based therapy until progression. After progression on irinotecan, subjects will be followed through their subsequent lines of treatment to collect 
treatment intervention information and overall response assessments during the Post-Progression Treatment Period. During Survival Follow-Up, subjects 
will be followed every 8 weeks until death from any cause or withdrawal of consent.   
15. CEUS Imaging: CEUS will be performed in newly enrolled subjects at Stanford University before and after RRx-001 treatment at C1W1, C1W2, C1W4 and 
C2W4. CEUS will also be used to assess tumor response with irinotecan post-RRx-001 at least 1 week after the start of irinotecan. See Appendix 6.  This 
schedule may be reduced at the discretion of the primary investigator in agreement with the study radiologist and sponsor. 
16. Optional biopsy: may include fine needle aspiration or core biopsy before start of treatment and at Week 4. 
17. Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (revised): The ESASr consists of 9 visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, appetite, 
shortness of breath, depression, overall wellbeing and an extra empty VAS for the assessment of a less frequent symptom that might be important. The 
severity of each symptom is rated on a scale from 0 to 10 with 10 being the most severe. The physician completes this assessment at Screening and the first 
week of every cycle. Questionnaire is not required at Cycle 1 Day 1 if screening ESASr Assessments completed within 48 hours prior. An increase of 2 or 
more points is classified as deteriorated, a change of 0 or ±1 as stable, and a decrease of 2 or more as improved. If the ESAS increases by two or more 
points, compared to baseline, indicating deterioration, then the patient should be scanned for progression. If the scan is stable or better the decision about 
whether to continue RRx-001 or Regorafenib or restart irinotecan should be made in consultation with the Medical Monitor.  
 
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
Abbreviation or Term 
Definition/Explanation 
5-FU 
5-Fluorouracil, fluorouracil 
ADR 
Adverse Drug Reaction 
AE 
Adverse Event 
ALT (SGPT) 
Alanine aminotransferase (Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) 
ANC 
Absolute neutrophil count 
AP or Alk P 
Alkaline Phosphatase 
AR 
Adverse reaction 
AST (SGOT) 
Aspartate aminotransferase (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) 
BSA 
Body Surface Area 
BSC 
Best Supportive Care 
BUN 
Blood Urea Nitrogen 
C 
Celsius 
CEA 
Carcinoembryonic antigen 
CEUS 
Contrast enhanced ultrasound 
CAPEOX 
Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin 
CRC 
Colorectal cancer 
CFR 
Code of Federal Regulations 
Cm 
Centimeter 
CMP 
Complete Metabolic Profile  
CPT 
Cold Pressor Test 
CR 
Complete Response 
CRC 
Colorectal cancer 
CRF 
Case Report Form 
CRO 
Contract Research Organization 
CT 
Computerized Tomography 
dL 
Deciliter 
DLT 
Dose limiting toxicity 
DMA 
N,N-Dimethylacetamide 
ECG 
Electrocardiogram 
ECOG 
Eastern Cooperative Group 
eCRF 
Electronic-Based Case Report Form 
EGFR 
Epidermal growth factor receptor 
EORTC  
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 
ESASr 
Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (revised) 
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Abbreviation or Term 
Definition/Explanation 
ESR 
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 
FDA 
Food and Drug Administration 
FDG 
Fluorodeoxyglucose 
FOLFIRI 
Combination of 5-FU, leucovorin and Irinotecan 
FOLFOX 
Combination of 5-FU, leucovorin and Oxaliplatin 
g 
Gram 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
GSH 
Glutathione 
h, hr 
Hour 
HGB, hgb 
Hemoglobin 
HNSTD 
Highest Non Severely Toxic Dose 
ICF 
Informed Consent Form 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonization 
IEC 
Independent Ethics Committee 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
irRC 
Immune Related Response Criteria 
IV, i.v. 
Intravenous 
kg 
Kilogram 
L 
Liter 
LD 
Longest Diameter 
LFT 
Liver Function Test 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
mg 
Milligram 
mL 
Milliliter 
mmHg 
Millimeters of Mercury 
MRI 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
MTD 
Maximum Tolerated Dose 
NCI CTCAE 
National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 
NO 
Nitric oxide 
NOx 
Nitrogen oxides 
NOAEL 
No Observable Affect Effect Level 
NSAID 
Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug 
OS 
Overall Survival 
PD 
Progressive Disease 
PDI 
Protein Disulfide Isomerase 
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Abbreviation or Term 
Definition/Explanation 
PE 
Physical examination 
PEG 
Polyethylene glycol 
PET 
Positron emission tomography 
PFS 
Progression Free Survival 
pH 
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. 
PI 
Principal Investigator 
PR 
Partial response 
prn 
Pro re nata (as the situation demands, as needed) 
QLQ 
Quality of Life Questionnaire  
QOL 
Quality of life 
RBC 
Red Blood Cell 
RECIST 
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 
SAE 
Serious Adverse Event 
SAR 
Suspected Adverse Reaction 
SSAR 
Suspected Serious Adverse Reaction 
TMF 
Trial Master File 
UCSD 
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 
VEGF 
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 
WFI 
Water for Injection 
WHO 
World Health Organization 
WOCBP 
Women of Childbearing Potential 
X-ray CT, CT 
Computerized tomography using X-ray radiation transmission 
 
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2.0 
BACKGROUND 
2.1 
Colorectal Cancer 
Stage IV colorectal cancer is an aggressively morbid disease, with a poor prognosis: the median 
and 5-year survival rates are between 28 and 30 months and 10%, respectively (Goldberg, 2013), 
with treatment.  Over the last decade, the incidence of colorectal cancer has decreased slightly, 
due to improved screening programs and detection of precancerous polyps, however the burden 
of disease remains high, and is disproportionate within demographic subpopulations such as 
African-American men (Haggar, 2009). According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal 
cancer ranks 3rd in terms of incidence and mortality (American Cancer Society. Colorectal 
Cancer Facts & Figures 2011-2013, Rebecca Siegel). The natural history of the disease is 
associated with rapid systemic dissemination predominantly to the liver although extrahepatic 
hematogenous spread to the lung, peritoneum and bone with significant morbidity is not 
uncommon (Kufe, 2003).  
While surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment for early-stage colorectal cancer, 
palliative chemotherapeutic management to prolong overall survival and maintain quality of life 
is the first treatment option in medically inoperable metastatic disease (Chibaudel, 2012). 
Three cytotoxic drugs are available for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in the 
therapeutic continuum between first and third line therapy: fluoropyrimidines (e.g. capecitabine 
and 5-fluorouracil), oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. These drugs can be administered either in 
combination (doublets: fluoropyrimidine/ oxaliplatin, 5-FU/ irinotecan; triplets: 5-FU/ 
oxaliplatin/irinotecan; or as monotherapy (fluoropyrimidine alone). Although there is much 
variability in prescription, and other combinations are available, typically the combination 
FOLFOX (5-FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin) or XELOX (capecitabine/oxaliplatin) is used as first line 
therapy and FOLFIRI (5-FU/leucovorin/irinotecan) is used as the most common second line 
treatment (Hess, 2010).  
Newer biological agents, particularly bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, have 
been shown to be potentiate the activity of the combination therapies described above and are 
usually added to these multi-drug regimens in the first or second line setting.  
The anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab have been shown to 
increase survival in patients lacking the KRAS mutation (KRAS wild type) giving an additional 
treatment option in the second or greater line setting.   
This crowded and creatively chaotic therapeutic landscape (Goldberg, 2006) became even more 
active with the approval of the multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, regorafenib, in September 
2012, in the setting of 3rd line KRAS mutant or 4th line KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal 
cancer.  
Based on the stop and go, that is intermittent maintenance therapy approaches investigated in 
such large scale trials as ‘OPTIMOX 1’, ‘OPTIMOX 2’, ‘DREAM’, and ‘CAIRO’, where the 
intermittent therapy arm involving rechallenge to the previous induction therapy post progression 
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performed worse than the continuous therapy arm, the strategy of resensitization to a previously 
effective but resistant therapy is not expected to be successful. (Oronsky, 2014) 
2.2 
Target Indication 
RRx-001 is a small first-in-class cytotoxic molecule being developed for the treatment of 
subjects with advanced, metastatic colorectal cancer, who have been previously treated with, 
oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, including the adjuvant setting, with or without 
anti-VEGF therapy, and, if KRAS wild type, anti-EGFR therapy that are refractory to irinotecan. 
This study will enroll subjects with both wild type and mutant KRAS status.  It will provide data 
to support an expanded Phase 2b or a Phase 3 study of RRx-001 therapy in colorectal cancer. 
2.3 
RRx-001 
RRx-001 (N-(bromoacetyl)-3,3-dinitroazetidine) is a novel small-molecule, polynitro-substituted 
cytotoxic with pro-oxidant induced anticancer activity and a favorable toxicity profile compared 
with standard cytotoxic agents. RRx-001 is the first of an entirely new class of red blood cell 
modulators that react with hemoglobin and specific intracellular antioxidants. RRx-001 co-opts a 
small number of red blood cells to serve as a cellular biocarrier that relies on physiologic cues 
unique to cancer cells, such as hypoxia, for the delivery of cytotoxic reactive oxygen and 
nitrogen species to promote tumor cell death.  
2.4 
Nonclinical Studies with RRx-001 
On dosing, RRx-001 rapidly permeates into red blood cells and reacts with the most nucleophilic 
free thiols (Scicinski, 2012). Because of the high reactivity of RRx-001, the only reaction 
products that have been observed are the glutathione (GSH) and cysteine adducts and the binding 
product of RRx-001 to the beta Cysteine 93 on hemoglobin.   
In an in vitro blood distribution study using labeled RRx-001 and blood from three human 
volunteers, approximately 30% of the label was found bound to hemoglobin with the remainder 
in the plasma. The plasma soluble products were found to be the GSH and cysteine adducts. The 
toxicology of these metabolites has not been fully explored, however they are rapidly excreted 
and preliminary investigation of the toxicology of RRx-001-Cysteine found that a dose of 
300 mg/kg in rats had no effects, compared to an IV 25 mg/kg dose of RRx-001, which was 
toxic. 
Binding to the beta Cysteine 93 residue of hemoglobin has been reported to increase hemoglobin 
oxygen affinity. Indeed, endogenous compounds such as nitric oxide that binds to this residue 
left shift the p50 curve. A large increase in oxygen affinity could suggest impaired systemic 
oxygen delivery. 
In vitro experiments confirmed that high doses (3 mM) of RRx-001 induces a left shift of the p50 
curve, but the change in the p50 curve was not observed at physiologically meaningful doses 
(< 20 µM). 
Compounds that bind to beta Cys-93 and change the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, can also 
enhance hemoglobin's nitrite reductase activity, which generates nitric oxide under hypoxic 
conditions. RRx-001 has intra-tumoral vasoactive properties, inducing acute changes in tumor 
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microvascular blood flow up to 72 hours in squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) tumor-bearing 
mice, which could arise from the red blood cell-mediated production of nitric oxide.  
An in vitro screen of RRx-001 activity revealed micromolar growth inhibitory (GI50) values 
against a broad spectrum of both human and murine tumors, similar to the activity of cisplatin 
(Ning, 2012).  
As part of the non-clinical safety evaluation program for RRx-001, repeat-dose (4-week) toxicity 
studies, a cardiopulmonary safety pharmacology study, an in vitro genetic toxicology study (non- 
GLP), and an evaluation of blood/plasma compatibility were conducted. Formulations containing 
up to 2.0 mg/mL RRx-001, prepared in 3% N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), 6% Polyethylene 
glycol 400 (PEG 400) in sterile Water for Injection (WFI) were administered via intravenous 
infusion three times a week. In animals, clinical changes and mortality/morbidity were present 
beginning at 20.1 mg/kg in rats and 8.0 mg/kg in dogs. In these repeat-dose toxicology studies, 
mortality/morbidity in both species was associated with acute exudative pulmonary edema. 
Decreased erythrocytes and hemoglobin and increased total bilirubin occurred in rats beginning 
at 12.0 mg/kg. In dogs, decreased erythrocytes and hemoglobin occurred beginning at 3 mg/kg 
and increased total bilirubin occurred at 5 mg/kg. In both rats and dogs, the erythrocyte, 
hemoglobin and bilirubin changes were reversible. The dog was considered to be the most 
sensitive test species. As outlined in International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Guidance 
S9 (NonClinical Evaluation for Anticancer Pharmaceuticals), the highest non-severely toxic dose 
(HNSTD), also described as the no observable affect effect level (NOAEL) in dogs, was 
considered to be 5 mg/kg. However, based on the gross pathology findings indicative of 
pulmonary and liver toxicities, the lower dose of 3.0 mg/kg in dog is used as a dose level from 
which to set the starting dose. 
Rats administered a single intravenous (IV) dose of 12.5 mg/kg RRx-001 had transient elevations 
in blood pressure (20 – 25 mmHg), and mild, reversible effects on heart rate and several 
respiratory parameters. At 25 mg/kg, transient elevations in blood pressure (20 – 25 mmHg) and 
mild to moderate effects on heart rate, and respiratory parameters were observed when RRx-001 
was administered at a rate of 15 mL/hr. When the 25 mg/kg dose was given at a slower rate 
(2 mL/hr vs. 15 mL/hr) signs of overt toxicity and mortality occurred. The mechanism for this 
finding is under examination. Macroscopic findings of red fluid in the thoracic cavity and mild to 
moderate red, discoloration in multiple lobes in the lungs were present. Because of this 
preclinical observation, each dose of RRx-001 was initially administered intravenously over 20 
minutes. 
Solutions of RRx-001 for Injection were previously tested for hemolytic potential:  
Test formulations of 0 (vehicle), 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/mL RRx-001 were tested (1:1) with human 
whole blood and plasma. Hemolysis was evaluated by determining the amount of hemoglobin in 
the supernatant following incubation. Plasma compatibility was determined macroscopically. 
Formulations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL were prepared by mixing RRx-001 powder with the 
vehicle (3% DMA, 6% PEG 400 NF, and sterile WFI USP). Osmolality values were 618, 612, 
and 614 mOsm/kg for the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL formulations, respectively, compared with the 
control value of 606 mOsm/kg. RRx-001 at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/mL or vehicle 
alone did not cause hemolysis or macroscopic changes in plasma.  
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A time course following dilution of human whole blood (5 parts) to RRx-001 infusion solution 
(1 part) was followed over two hours. CBC parameters were collected at 1, 5, 15, 60 and 120 
min. At this dilution and over this time period, only mild changes in cell size were noted. No 
evidence of clotting or hemolysis was seen.  
In a genetic toxicology screening assay, RRx-001 tested positive in both TA 98 and TA 100 in 
either the absence or presence of metabolic activation and was concluded to be mutagenic in the 
bacterial reverse mutation assay. In vitro, RRx-001 at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/mL or 
vehicle alone did not cause hemolysis or macroscopic changes in plasma. 
The effects of RRx-001 on the colorectal cell line HT-29 cells were evaluated via a clonogenic 
assay. The impact of RRx-001 on cell cycle kinetics and on apoptosis was analyzed using flow 
cytometry. RRx-001 triggered replicative cessation through the G1 to S phases. As a measure of 
HT-29 DNA damage after treatment, γ-H2AX foci were determined as a function of time after 
RRx-001; exposure to RRx-001 resulted in a greater number of γ-H2AX foci than control. 
Tumor growth delay was used to evaluate the effects of RRx-001 on in vivo cytotoxicity. In vivo 
tumor syngeneic studies demonstrated that administration of RRx-001 resulted in significant 
tumor growth inhibition both alone and when combined with radiation.  
Tumor specific imaging with a thiol-based gadolinium contrast agent revealed accumulation of 
thiol modifications in a variety of mouse tumor xenograft models after exposure to RRx-001. 
The effect of this reversible and even irreversible oxidation of cysteine thiols on the methylation 
pathway of promoters in the Nrf2 pathway in cancer cells was evaluated. Treatment of cancer 
cells, exposed to RRx-001 in fetal calf serum, epigenetically modified DNA of the Keap1 
promoter, which stimulates Keap1 expression, and increases proteosomal degradation of Nrf2, a 
master regulator of several antioxidant genes, perhaps tipping the redox-balance in the cancer 
cell toward a more oxidant milieu. 
These results suggest that the mechanism of cytotoxicity of RRx-001 is reactive oxygen and 
nitrogen (RONS)-mediated in association with delayed repair of induced DNA damage. The 
arrest of the cells in the G2-M-S phases may partially explain the higher susceptibility to induced 
DNA damage, reflected in the increase of γ-H2AX. Although much remains to be clarified 
regarding the action of RRx-001 on the cell cycle, the ability of RRx-001 to induce mitotic arrest 
has implications for the targeting of cancerous cells with ensuing apoptosis or premature 
senescence. RRx-001 treated SCCVII cells analyzed by Western blot analysis revealed that RRx-
001 induced apoptosis through the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF).  
It is unclear whether apoptosis or premature senescence is the predominant response to the RRx-
001 cytotoxic insult. Immunohistochemical analysis of a glioma U87 xenograft revealed a 
central zone of intact cells with a senescent-like, “stunned” phenotype. Although these cells 
resemble senescent cells in several ways, senescence-specific markers were not measured. It is 
possible that RRx-001 is able to produce a mixture of senescence-like growth arrest, apoptosis 
and necrosis. Given the lack of off-target toxicities, and the effect of RRx-001 on elements of the 
stroma (the tumor vasculature and blood flow) as well as the tumor cells themselves, it seems 
appropriate to characterize RRx-001 as a therapy, which is targeted to the tumor 
microenvironment as a whole. 
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Preclinical and Phase 1 data suggests that RRx-001 restored sensitivity to previously failed 
therapies resulting in a prolonged overall survival through altered DNA methylation of genes and 
cancer pathways. On this basis, reintroduction of irinotecan is mandated, if feasible, on 
progression. In addition, immunohistochemistry of tumor biopsies from patients on an ongoing 
trial in lung cancer (TRIPLE THREAT, NCT02489903) have revealed an influx of CD8 
expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, confirming that RRx-001 is an immunotherapeutic as 
well as an epigenetic inhibitor (Brzezniak, 2016). 
2.5 
Clinical Studies with RRx-001 
To date, RRx-001 has been studied in a single Phase 1 clinical trial (Protocol RRx001-11-01).  
The study design was standard ‘3+3’ dose escalation cohorts based on a modified Fibonacci 
scheme.  The primary endpoint was safety and pharmacokinetics with the objective of defining a 
maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D).  RRx-001 was 
administered to subjects intravenously through a peripheral line on a weekly and twice-weekly 
schedule. 
2.5.1 
Safety 
Twenty-five subjects were treated at 6 dose levels of 10 (n=6), 16.7 (n=3), 24.6 (n=3), 33 (n=4), 
55 (n=3), and 83 (n=6) mg/m2. RRx-001 was generally well tolerated. Adverse events were 
mostly Grades 1 and 2, with one Grade 3 infusion site pain and one Grade 3 anxiety. Pain at the 
site of injection was most common (84%), mostly Grades 1 and 2, and related to study drug 
(Table 2). RRx-001 was initially infused intravenously weekly over 20 minutes. With increasing 
doses of RRx-001, infusion site pain required increasing the infusion time up to 8 hours and 
splitting the total dose and administering RRx-001 twice-weekly at the highest dose of 83 
mg/m2.  No dose-limiting toxicities (Grade 3 infusion site pain was not considered a DLT) were 
observed in any cohort, and therefore the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. However, 
due to the infusion site pain that could be mitigated by slowing the infusion rate, 83 mg/m2 was 
considered to be the maximum feasible dose when delivered over up to 8 hours.  
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Table 2: 
Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) Considered Related to Study 
Drug RRx-001 in Decreasing Order of Frequency 
TEAE 
Cohort 1 
(n=6) 
10 mg/m2 
Cohort 2 
(n=3) 
16.7 mg/m2 
Cohort 3 
(n=3) 
24.6 mg/m2 
Cohort 4 
(n=4) 
33 mg/m2 
Cohort 5 
(n=3) 
55 mg/m2 
Cohort 6 
(n=6) 
83 mg/m2 
Total 
(n=25) 
Infusion Site Pain 
4 
3 
1 
4* 
3 
6 
21 (84%) 
Arm Swelling/Edema 
 
1 
 
1 
2 
4 
8 (32%) 
Vein Hardening 
 
 
 
1 
1 
5 
7 (28%) 
Dyspnea/Wheezing§ 
1 
 
 
 
1 
3 
5 (20%) 
Mouth tingling/burning 
 
 
 
 
2 
2 
4 (16%) 
Anxiety 
 
 
 
 
2** 
1 
3 (12%) 
Chest Discomfort 
1 
1 
 
 
 
1 
3 (12%) 
Cough 
 
 
 
 
1 
2 
3 (12%) 
Fatigue 
 
 
 
1 
 
2 
3 (12%) 
Skin Discoloration 
 
 
 
1 
 
2 
3 (12%) 
Flushing¶ 
1 
 
 
 
 
1# 
2 (8%) 
Throat Discomfort 
 
 
 
 
 
2 
2 (8%) 
Vasodilation 
1 
 
 
1 
 
 
2 (8%) 
Vein Occlusion/DVT 
 
 
 
 
 
2 
2 (8%) 
Weakness 
 
 
 
 
2 
 
2 (8%) 
Abdominal pain upper 
1 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Bilateral hand 
numbness 
1# 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Blood Tinged Sputum 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
1 (4%) 
Decreased Respirations 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
1 (4%) 
Dizziness 
1 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Elevated Blood 
Pressure 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
1 (4%) 
Infusion reaction 
1 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Nasal discomfort 
1 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Runny Nose/Sinus 
Drainage 
 
 
 
 
1 
 
1 (4%) 
Site Tenderness 
 
 
 
1 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Throat irritation 
1 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Urinary Incontinence 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
1 (4%) 
Vasculitis 
 
 
1# 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Vision Changes 
 
 
 
1# 
 
 
1 (4%) 
Vomiting 
1# 
 
 
 
 
 
1 (4%) 
*1 subject had Grade 3 infusion site pain 
** 1 subject had Grade 3 anxiety 
# Outstanding queries 
§ Terms ‘Wheezing’, ‘Dyspnea’ and Dyspnea/Wheezing’ were combined 
¶ Terms ‘Flushing’ and ‘Intermittent Flushing’ were combined 
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There were 12 serious adverse events (SAEs) reported in 10 subjects, all of which were 
considered unrelated to study drug.  The SAE terms were 1) seizures secondary to brain mets; 
2) hypercalcemia; 3) cerebral bleed; 4) increased somnolence; 5) atelectatic changes right lung 
base; 6) bilirubinemia; 7) klebsiella septicemia; 8), upper gastrointestinal bleed; 9) pleural 
effusion (two SAEs in the same subject); 10) bowel obstruction; and 11) dehydration.  Overall, 
the types of serious AEs reported among this study population were consistent with the severity 
of illness and underlying disease. No ECG effects or clinically relevant RRx-001-related changes 
in vital signs or laboratory values were seen in the study.  
There were 4 deaths on study or within 30 days of last dose of study drug, all considered 
unrelated to RRx-001, and related to the subjects’ underlying malignancy. 
RRx-001 was administered through a peripheral vein. 84% of subjects across the 6 cohorts 
experienced a prominent and transient, dose-dependent forearm vasodilation and transient mild 
to moderate pain that was ameliorated with slowing of the infusion time, stopping and restarting 
the infusion at a slower rate, and concomitant administration of analgesics (short-acting opioids), 
benzodiazepines or anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids as needed. In 
particular, premedication treatment with corticosteroids and ibuprofen at the day of dosing was 
found to be effective. Premedication with corticosteroids is required at every RRx-001 
administration.   
Several subjects in the highest dose cohort (83 mg/m2) complained of moderately severe 
injection pain, that was inadequately addressed with adjunctive opioid analgesics and have 
received a reduced total dose or a split dosing schedule (twice-weekly). Overall, higher doses 
tend to result in a concomitant escalation in pain, which has become more severe in the later 
cohorts. At present, 83 mg/m2 is the maximum feasible dose using the current infusion rates. 
Most subjects recovered from the injection site pain and vasodilation within minutes of the 
infusion being stopped or slowed down and without sequelae; four subjects temporarily 
developed a non-tender, non-erythematous cord-like induration over the vein of injection, which 
resolved spontaneously within a few weeks. Duplex ultrasound was negative for venous 
thrombosis and in the absence of warmth, swelling, redness or tenderness, the diagnosis was 
more suggestive of focal venous dilation than superficial phlebitis.  Initially, RRx-001 was 
administered through a central IV line over 20 min. However, based on complaints from one 
subject in the first cohort of an unpleasant nasopharyngeal burning sensation, which led to his 
(voluntary) discontinuation from the study, IV administration was moved to the antecubital or 
forearm area and the infusion rate was reduced. One Phase I subject received seven (7) doses of 
RRx-001 through a central line over 48 hours as part of a single subject protocol (RRx001-11-
08) with no localized pain, and no acute or latent systemic toxicity. Similarly, a Phase II patient 
(under this protocol, RRx001-21-02) received RRx-001 through a central line over five (5) hours 
with minimal complaints of pain and no acute or latent systemic toxicity. 
An emergency use protocol of 2 mg (1 mL) RRx-001 co-infused with autologous blood, 
developed and approved for one subject on the Phase 1 trial with intolerable local pain, 
demonstrated safety and feasibility: it was well-tolerated, systemically non-toxic, relatively easy 
to administer and the subject reported a sense of well-being for several days after the co-infusion. 
Subsequently, a Phase 2 protocol “An Open-label, Three Stage, Three Arm Pilot Study of RRx-
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001 For Second Line or greater Small Cell Lung Cancer, Third Line or greater Non-Small Lung 
Cancer, and Second Line or greater High Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors Prior to Re-
administration of Platinum Based Doublet Regimens (TRIPLE THREAT)” (RRx001-211-01) 
has been initiated, in which patients are dosed with 4 mg RRx-001 (nominal 2 mg/m2 for BSA of 
2.0 m2) mixed with 100 mL autologous blood. The dosing schedule in this protocol is based on  
the ongoing RRx001-211-01 TRIPLE THREAT study. RRx-001 blood co-infusion has the 
advantage of shorter infusion times, improved tolerability and increased convenience compared 
to the current protracted venous infusion. Moreover, the fact that, to date, all 9 treated patients in 
the TRIPLE THREAT trial have demonstrated a markedly improved clinical status suggests that 
a trade-off of anticancer activity for convenience is unlikely. Shorter overall treatment times will 
also improve the feasibility of same-day radiotherapy.  
In summary, other than localized venous dilation and pain on infusion, RRx-001 was very well 
tolerated.  In the Phase 1 study, the pain was dose related and resulted in attempts to slow the 
infusion and split the dose between two days within a week.  The maximum feasible dose 
appears to be 83 mg/m2 at the present time and under the present infusion conditions.  
2.5.2 
Pharmacokinetics 
On infusion, RRx-001 is rapidly metabolized in blood; consequently a bioanalytical method was 
developed and validated for the RRx-001-glutathione conjugate, a major soluble metabolite of 
RRx-001. Blood samples taken prior to the start of infusion, during infusion, at the end of the 
infusion then at time intervals post infusion were analyzed for RRx-001-GSH. Preliminary data 
suggests rapid clearance of RRx-001-GSH (median terminal half life: 10-25 min). AUCt and 
Cmax of RRx-001-GSH were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner for doses from 
10 mg/m2 to 55 mg/m2.  
2.5.3 
Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity  
Subjects were evaluated for preliminary anti-tumor activity if their disease was measurable by 
imaging at baseline and post treatment.  Most subjects in the study had CT scans performed at 8-
week intervals for response assessment per RECIST v1.1.  Twenty (20) out of 25 enrolled 
subjects were evaluable for response per protocol criteria.  Subjects were considered evaluable if 
they have a screening/baseline CT scan and at least one follow up CT scan following dosing with 
at least one dose of RRx-001.  One partial response (PR) was observed in a 58-year-old subject 
with parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma who received RRx-001 at a dose of 16.7 mg/m2 weekly.  
The subject had previously failed radiotherapy and imatinib. A partial response was reported in 
this subject at the first 8-week scan and was durable for just over a year. Nine (9) out of 20 
evaluable subjects (45%) had stable disease (SD) of ≥ 4 months in duration. 
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Table 3: 
Subject Response by Cohort per RECIST v1.1 
Cohort 
Dose 
(mg/m2) 
Subjects 
Enrolled 
Evaluable 
Subjects 
Response at 
1st post-
RRx-001 
Scan* 
% Response 
at 1st post-
RRx-001 
Scan* 
Disease 
Control 
(CR+PR+SD
≥4 mos) 
Disease 
Control 
Rate 
1 
10 
6 
5 
3 (SD) 
60% 
1 (SD) 
20% 
2 
16.7 
3 
3 
2 (SD+PR) 
67% 
2 (SD+PR) 
67% 
3 
24.6 
3 
2 
1 (SD) 
50% 
0 
0% 
4 
33 
4 
3 
3 (SD) 
100% 
2 (SD) 
67% 
5 
55 
3 
3 
2 (SD) 
67% 
1 (SD) 
33% 
6 
83 
6 
5 
4 (SD) 
80% 
3 (SD) 
60% 
TOTAL 
- 
25 
20 
15 
75% 
9 
45% 
* CT scans were performed at 4 or 8 weeks 
 
Disease control (CR+PR+SD≥ 4 months) was seen over all dose levels with no apparent dose 
response (Table 3). Disease control rate, defined as the sum of subjects achieving CR+PR+SD≥ 
4 months divided by all evaluable subjects, was 45% in this study.  Subjects who derived clinical 
benefit had metastatic CRC (n=4), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n=2), pancreatic cancer (n=1), 
ovarian cancer (n=1) and hepatocellular carcinoma (n=1).   
Eleven subjects (44%) dosed in the Phase 1 study had a diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer 
(CRC).  Ten of the 11 CRC subjects had failed multiple cycles of standard therapy, including 
5-FU, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, and, in some cases, also experimental therapies. Per 
investigators, all subjects had rapidly progressing disease and had failed multiple therapies (≥ 2) 
on enrollment.  Only one subject had previously been treated with one line of therapy, 5-FU 
only, having rejected other standard therapies. Four of 9 evaluable (44%) subjects, regardless of 
KRAS status or RRx-001 dose, had SD for ≥ 4 months.  These subjects received RRx-001 at a 
dose of 10 mg/m2, 55 mg/m2 and 83 mg/m2 (n=2). Four subjects, three with colorectal cancer 
(A, C and D) and one with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (Subject B) became responsive 
to previously failed therapy after exposure to RRx-001, as shown by changes in CEA and by 
imaging.  One subject (D) had SD for approximately 10 months with RRx-001, and appears to 
have regained sensitivity to FOLFIRI, a regimen he had previously failed, based on a decrease in 
his CEA level from 511 to 162 ng/mL. Subject A had SD for approximately 6 months with 
RRx-001 and regained sensitivity to FOLFIRI, a regimen he had previously failed with a 
survival of over 25 months (Reid, 2014).   
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Figure 1: 
Subjects Resensitized to Previously Failed Therapies 
 
2.6 
Rationale for Study 
Preclinical studies have supported the rationale for current clinical development of RRx-001 in 
colorectal cancer. RRx-001 potently inhibited survival of colorectal HT-29 cells, as measured by 
inhibition of a modified mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay). These effects were 
enhanced by ionizing radiation. The findings are consistent with immunohistochemical analysis 
of in vivo treated HCT116 and Colo205 colorectal tumors where RRx-001 reduced tumor cell 
proliferation rates, an effect magnified by bevacizumab pretreatment. Moreover, excessive ROS 
levels in colorectal tumors (Inokuma 2009) presumably render these cancer cells highly 
susceptible to redox active therapies. 
Based on the preliminary anti-tumor activity observed in the limited number of CRC subjects in 
the Phase 1 study detailed in Section 2.5.3 above, it would appear that RRx-001 and regorafenib 
may have approximately the same clinical activity by providing prolonged stable disease for 
subjects with a significantly more favorable safety profile for RRx-001.   While the number of 
CRC subjects treated with RRx-001 in the Phase 1 study is limited, the anti-tumor activity 
observed appears to be independent of subjects’ KRAS status and RRx-001 dose.  Several CRC 
subjects had an excellent response to subsequent chemo/radiotherapy after progression and this 
study will investigate whether treatment with RRx-001 has an impact on clinical benefit with 
irinotecan post-RRx-001 with overall survival as the primary endpoint.  
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In summary, the available preclinical and preliminary clinical data identify RRx-001, with its 
pro-oxidant mechanism of action and lack of systemic toxicities due to an apparent selectivity for 
malignant cells, as a potential novel agent for the treatment of CRC.  
2.7 
Clinical Dose Selection for RRx-001 
The RRx-001 dose selected for this study is based on experience from the Phase 1 clinical study. 
Although an MTD was not determined, the maximum feasible dose of 83 mg/m2 was determined 
based on a prolonged IV infusion time of up to 8 hours to ameliorate the drug-related infusion 
site pain with faster infusion rates.   The infusion site pain associated with iv drug administration 
was characterized by rapid, almost immediate onset and just as rapid resolution upon 
discontinuation.   This adverse event, experienced at all dose levels studied, was accompanied by 
a palpably prominent focal venous dilation, presumably due to the focal generation of nitric 
oxide within the vessel that generally returned to baseline immediately after discontinuation of 
the infusion.  The intensity of the pain, which was associated with increased dose and rate of 
administration, was managed by prolonging the infusion rate to 8 hours and concurrent 
administration of anti-inflammatory medications, benzodiazepines and/or opiates.  
Twice-weekly infusions separated by at least 2 days were evaluated in the highest cohort of 83 
mg/m2 to ameliorate infusion site pain and to explore any effects on preliminary anti-tumor 
activity. The twice-weekly dosing schedule was not associated with increased toxicity or an 
apparent loss of clinical benefit.  One subject with colorectal cancer developed an upper 
extremity DVT during the study. 
Clinical benefit (PR + SD ≥ 4 months) was observed in 9 of 20 (45%) evaluable subjects in the 
Phase 1 study at all dose levels.  There does not appear to be a dose-response curve based on the 
limited clinical data available.  Based on the safety and preliminary clinical activity observations 
from the Phase 1 study, an initial dose of 16.5 mg/m2 and infused intravenously once weekly was 
chosen for this Phase 2 study in CRC subjects.  This dose was chosen as the highest well-
tolerated dose that could be infused within a 4-8 hour time window.   
Amendment 06 replaces conventional IV infusion with administration with autologous blood. As 
described above RRx-001 has been previously dosed by co-infusion with autologous blood over 
a shorter duration. Aside from the convenience and time factor both for the patient and the 
radiotherapist since RT is administered immediately after RRx-001, clinical experience with 5 
patients to date (1 on an emergency use protocol and 4 patients on an ongoing Phase 2 protocol 
entitled  “An Open-label, Three Stage, Three Arm Pilot Study of RRx-001 For Second Line or 
greater Small Cell Lung Cancer, Third Line or greater Non-Small Lung Cancer, and Second Line 
or greater High Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors Prior to Re-administration of Platinum Based 
Doublet Regimens (TRIPLE THREAT)” (RRx001-211-01)) has demonstrated significantly 
better tolerability. The improved tolerability is related to RRx-001 penetration of the RBC 
membrane and binding of to hemoglobin resulting in an acute burst of nitric oxide. This burst 
appears to cause pain or discomfort at the site of intravenous injection, related to the release of 
nitric oxide. When RRx-001 is mixed with whole blood outside of the body, the released nitric 
oxide is sequestered by proteins in the blood and therefore is not available to induce pain once 
the mixed blood is re-infused.   
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Moreover, in the TRIPLE THREAT study, increased convenience of treatment has been 
accompanied by promising indications of activity at a dose corresponding to 2 mg/m2; in the 
BRAINSTORM study, under Amendment 02, the starting level of 5 mg/m2 has resulted in at 
least two Partial Responses.  
Subjects randomized to the RRx-001 treatment arm will receive a once-weekly dose of RRx-001 
at 4 mg by mixing with autologous blood over a time period, not to exceed 4 hours from the time 
of extraction of the patient’s blood on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 4-week cycle. The dosing 
schedule window may vary ± 1 day for subject convenience or clinic schedules.   
2.8 
Clinical Dose Selection for Regorafenib 
Per the FDA package insert, subjects randomized to regorafenib will receive regorafenib at 160 
mg orally daily on Days 1-21 of a 4-week cycle. 
2.9 
Clinical Dose Selection for Irinotecan and Bevacizumab Therapies 
The recommended dose for irinotecan and bevacizumab will be 180mg/m2 iv over 30–90 min 
and 5 mg/kg iv over 30-90 min, respectively, every 2 weeks. 
 
3.0 
STUDY OBJECTIVES 
3.1 
Primary Objectives 
• To assess and compare the overall survival in the RRx-001 vs regorafenib treatment 
arms. 
3.2 
Secondary Objectives 
Secondary objectives in this study are to assess the following efficacy and safety variables: 
• To assess and compare Progression Free Survival 2 (PFS2) as a surrogate for overall 
survival (OS) in the RRx-001 vs. regorafenib treatment arms.  
• To assess and compare the safety and tolerability in the RRx-001 vs. regorafenib 
treatment arms.  
• To assess and compare objective response rate (ORR) in the RRx-001 vs. regorafenib 
treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the clinical benefit rate (CBR = CR+PR+SD≥4 months) in the 
RRx-001 vs. regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the progression free survival (PFS) in the RRx-001 vs. 
regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the duration of response (DOR) in the RRx-001 vs. regorafenib 
treatment arms. 
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• To assess and compare the duration of clinical benefit (DCB) in the RRx-001 vs. 
regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the response and clinical benefit to subsequent therapies in the 
RRx-001 vs. regorafenib treatment arms. 
• To assess and compare the quality of life (QOL) in the RRx-001 vs. regorafenib 
treatment arms using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. 
3.3 
Exploratory Objectives 
Exploratory objectives are non-optional for newly enrolled patients.  
• To assess the impact of RRx-001 on tumor blood flow by Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound 
(CEUS) 
 
4.0 
OVERALL STUDY DESIGN 
This is a two-stage, phase 2, open-label, randomized (2:1), two-arm study comparing RRx-001 
vs. regorafenib in subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer who have been treated with at least 
oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens with bevacizumab and cetuximab or panitumumab (if 
KRAS wildtype).  
Effective August 15th, 2016, general enrollment for this protocol has been closed to new 
enrollment.  An expansion cohort remains open at Stanford University with the potential to 
enroll up to 10 patients.  The following content is maintained for intent of overall evaluation of 
previously enrolled and new patients enrolled by Stanford: 
Stage 1 
• Arm 1 – subjects will receive once-weekly intravenous RRx-001 at a dose of 4 mg on 
Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 4-week cycle. Subjects will have the option of changing to 
twice weekly dosing if the Investigator and subject feel it is necessary to mitigate 
infusion pain.  
• Arm 2 – subjects will receive regorafenib at 160 mg orally daily on Days 1-21 of a 4-
week cycle. 
Stage 2 
On progression all subjects will receive irinotecan. The recommended doses will be 180 mg/m2, 
administered once every two weeks. Study patients will need to meet eligibility criteria #10 
regarding required laboratory parameters (a-e) before beginning Stage 2 (see Inclusion Criteria). 
In addition, the following criteria need to be met:  
• In order to allow continued administration of  RRx-001 (or regorafenib) despite 
progression of disease based on appearance of a new lesion (per irRC), patients must 
have absence of symptoms and signs of clinically important morbidity due to disease 
progression (e.g., requirement for additional medical management to control symptoms 
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or irradiation to prevent morbidity), absence of symptomatic rapid disease progression 
requiring urgent medical intervention (e.g., spinal cord compression), and no decline in 
ECOG or Karnofsky performance status. 
 
• Patients are re-consented using a written informed consent document at the time of 
progression of disease. 
The study is designed to compare the safety and activity between RRx-001 against regorafenib in 
a parallel comparative study.  Subjects with confirmed progression from their last treatment will 
be randomized 2:1 to receive either RRx-001 or regorafenib in 4-week cycles until confirmed 
radiologic progressive disease per irRC and clinical deterioration or intolerable toxicity 
(Section 9.1.2). The study is also designed to investigate potential resensitization to irinotecan 
post RRx-001 or regorafenib.  Subjects will undergo long term follow up for their response to 
subsequent therapy and for overall survival. Approximately 190 subjects will be randomized and 
followed for between 6 months and 18 months: 127. Arm 1 (RRx-001) will enroll approximately 
127 subjects and 63 Arm 2 (regorafenib).   
4.1 
Duration of Treatment 
In the absence of unacceptable treatment-related toxicity or disease progression as defined by the 
protocol (Section 9.1.2), subjects may receive the treatment to which they have been randomized 
(Arm 1, RRx-001 or Arm 2, regorafenib) for up to 1 year at the discretion of the Investigator and 
beyond 1 year with the agreement of the Investigator and the Sponsor.  Subjects will remain on 
study as long as they continue to receive RRx-001, regorafenib or irinotecan-based therapies.  It 
is expected that the primary analysis will take place 6 months after the last subject is 
randomized. 
Subjects that have been randomized to regorafenib are not permitted to crossover to receive 
RRx-001.  
4.2 
Study Procedures 
Subjects will be screened for eligibility within the twenty-eight (28) days prior to enrollment 
according to the Schedule of Assessments. Radiologic tumor assessment diagnostic CT (with 
contrast), will be performed at Screening unless imaging was performed within 28 days of 
enrollment.  Diagnostic CT scans at Stage 2 (i.e. receiving irinotecan-based therapies) will be 
carried out at the first scheduled imaging visit after starting irinotecan.  In addition to safety labs 
as indicated in the Schedule of Assessments, for subjects randomized to receive RRx-001, blood 
may be drawn for biomarker assays at Screening, Cycle 2, Day 1 and at Progression. 
Tumor biopsies may be performed following discussion and concurrence with the Medical 
Monitor.  
Subjects will undergo all protocol-required assessments including laboratory evaluations, vital 
signs, physical exam and QOL questionnaire every 2 weeks during Cycles 1 and 2, then every 4 
weeks from Cycle 3+.  Subjects will be imaged by contrast-enhanced chest/abdomen/pelvis CT 
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every 8 weeks per institutional standard of care.  MRI is permitted if the subject is intolerant of 
CT contrast agent or if MRI is the best imaging modality for a given tumor site. The same 
imaging modality for tumor assessments for each subject should be performed throughout the 
study.  Response assessments will be based on the Investigator per irRC for RRx-001 and 
Regorafenib and RECIST v1.1 for irinotecan to enable comparison with historic response data. 
Females of childbearing potential will receive a serum pregnancy test at Screening and at Day 1 
of each four-week cycle.  Adverse events (AEs) and concomitant medications will be collected 
throughout the study at the clinic visits. 
4.3 
Long-term Follow-up 
All subjects will undergo long-term follow up for overall survival.  Subjects will be followed 
every two (2) months by chart review and/or phone contact until death or withdrawal of consent.  
4.4 
Data Monitoring Committee  
On further review, given the lack of systemic toxicity observed to date, a data monitoring 
committee will only be convened to review significant serious adverse events and unacceptably 
frequent adverse events.  There will be 2 planned analyses; an interim analysis once 61 (50%) 
OS events have occurred, and a final analysis once enrollment has been completed and 123 OS 
events have occurred.  Safety will be assessed by periodic physical examinations, clinical 
laboratory assessments, and monitoring of AEs.  Adverse events will be graded using NCI 
CTCAE v4.03.   
4.5 
Response Assessment 
Radiographic and/or physical assessments of the malignancy will be made at Screening/Baseline 
(within 28 days prior to the first dose of RRx-001 or regorafenib) and every 3 cycles (8 weeks ± 
7 days) thereafter.  However, to capture non-radiologic progression, Physicians will administer 
the well validated questionnaire: the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESASr) to 
patients at Screening and during the first week of every cycle. The ESASr  consists of 9 visual 
analog scales (VAS) for pain, tiredness,  drowsiness, nausea, appetite, shortness of breath, 
depression, overall wellbeing and an extra empty VAS for the assessment of a less frequent 
symptom that might be important. The severity of each symptom is rated on a scale from 0 to 10 
with 10 being the most severe. The physician completes this assessment starting at Screening. An 
increase of 2 or more points is classified as deteriorated, a change of 0 or ±1 as stable, and a 
decrease of 2 or more as improved. If the ESAS increases by two or more points, compared to 
baseline, indicating deterioration, then the patient should be scanned for progression. If the scan 
is stable or better the decision about whether to continue RRx-001 or regorafenib or restart 
irinotecan should be made in consultation with the Medical Monitor. 
Objective response (CR+PR) as determined by the subject’s best tumor response, duration of 
response and time to progression will be assessed by the Investigator radiologic review using 
irRC for RRx-001 and regorafenib and RECIST v1.1 for irinotecan.  A confirmatory CT/MRI 
scan should be performed at approximately 4 weeks from the previous scan for all patients with 
an objective response of ≥ PR.  The clinical benefit rate (CBR = CR+PR+SD≥4 months) will 
also be determined.  Tumor markers, as applicable, will also be assessed on a monthly basis, but 
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will not be used as a basis for disease progression or response in the absence of radiologic 
findings consistent with disease progression or response. 
4.6 
RRx-001 Treatment 
RRx-001 treatment arm patients will receive once-weekly intravenous RRx-001 premixed with 
the patient’s blood prior to reinfusion, at a set rate of 3 mL/minute for the first 15 minutes, 
increased by 1 mL/minute every 10 minutes thereafter until completion of the infusion, in the 
schedule described in the Schedule of Assessments..   
All subjects will receive premedication with corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone 10 mg IV or 
PO) prior to RRx-001 administration, along with ibuprofen, benzodiazepines, gabapentin, and/or 
opiates as needed to ameliorate infusion site pain. 
The patient's identification must be verified by two people prior to starting the blood draw and 
infusion process.  Ensure the RRx-001 and anticoagulant dose both provided from pharmacy, is 
for the correct patient (using patient identifiers noted on labeling), that the RRx-001 and 
anticoagulant are mixed with the patient's autologous blood, and re-infused back to the correct 
patient.  DO NOT proceed with administration if any discrepancies are noted.  
 
Proper Handling: 
The methodology for administering the RRx-001 dose by premixing with the patient’s blood is 
based on procedures used in blood product transfusions.  Standard procedures for avoiding 
hemolysis will be followed. These include the use of large gauge IV needles (19g or larger) and 
slow consistent rate during blood draw to avoid undue mechanical shear stress to red blood cells.  
Whenever blood is present during the administration procedure, handle with care and do not 
shake.  Avoid excessive temperatures, (both high and low temperatures can cause hemolysis). 
Avoid conditions that create high turbulence or trauma to the red blood cells.  
 
Anticoagulant & RRx-001 Doses Prepared by the Pharmacy: 
The Anticoagulant and RRx-001 doses will be prepared by the pharmacy for the clinic, where the 
patient administration procedure takes place. For details of the pharmacy procedure, please refer 
to the latest version of the pharmacy manual. 
 
Administration Procedure in the Clinic: 
The RRx-001 and anticoagulant doses should be properly labeled per institutional standards and 
in accordance with the latest pharmacy manual guidelines.   
Administration procedure steps should be followed carefully and can be found in the latest 
version of the ‘Blood Administration Best Practices & Guidelines for IV Infusion of RRx-001 + 
Blood Mix’.  Safety guidelines are based on procedures used in blood product transfusions.  It’s 
important each step is followed in order outlined in the guide to maintain sterility at all 
times. 
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4.6.1 
RRx-001 Storage and Accountability 
RRx-001 for infusion is stored as follows: Vial 1, a 10 mL glass vial, containing sterile RRx-001 
in PEG 400 is stored between -25°C and -15°C. Vial 2, a 5 mL glass vial containing the diluent, 
DMA, is stored at controlled room temperature. 
RRx-001 is not light sensitive. The product should be used immediately after dilution. RRx-001 
SOLUTIONS DILUTED WITH SALINE ARE NOT STABLE AND SALINE SHOULD NOT 
BE USED. DO NOT put the RRx-001 into an intravenous bag or large-volume syringe that does 
not contain WFI. Always first add the organic diluent (Vial 2) to RRx-001. Mix thoroughly by 
inverting several times. Subsequently, add the resulting mixture to WFI and mix thoroughly.  
All transfer procedures for preparing RRx-001 solutions require strict adherence to aseptic 
techniques, preferably employing a vertical laminar flow safety hood while wearing gloves and 
protective clothing. 
The study product should be stored in a secured site with restricted access. Study product 
accountability will be performed by the site pharmacist or designee, verified by the Sponsor’s 
designee, and recorded in the study Pharmacy Binder. The pharmacist or designee will: 
• Maintain records of product delivery inventory and return. 
• Maintain temperature monitoring. 
• Maintain up-to-date accountability of the study drug in the trial study drug accountability 
log (or equivalent). 
• Document the use of study product by each subject. 
• Return or destroy unused study product as per Sponsor’s instructions. 
 
Refer to the Pharmacy Manual for full details on reconstitution and preparation. 
4.6.2 
RRx-001 Packaging and Labeling 
Each vial will be labeled with the study drug name, volume, Sponsor name, Manufacturer name 
and address, storage conditions, lot number and the following cautionary statements “New Drug 
Limited by Federal Law to Investigational Use.” 
RRx-001 and Diluent for RRx-001 will be supplied in glass vials in individual cartons packaged 
in boxes of 6 vials per box. 
The product reconstitution and handling details are provided in the Pharmacy Manual. 
4.7 
Regorafenib  
Subjects that have been randomized to the regorafenib treatment arm will receive regorafenib at 
a dose of 160 mg orally QD as outlined in the FDA package insert. Regorafenib will be supplied 
commercially via a prescription per standard of care and paid for by the subject’s medical 
insurance. Subjects will have to be pre-authorized by the site prior to randomization.  Subjects 
will also record their daily administration of regorafenib using a medication diary, which will be 
reviewed at each clinic visit.  
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Regorafenib will be stored and dosed according to the package insert.  
4.8 
Irinotecan Therapies 
All subjects proceeding to Stage 2 of the study will receive treatment with commercially 
available irinotecan via a prescription per standard of care paid for by the subject’s medical 
insurance.  
See Section 6.1.3 for more information about dose modifications. 
Table 4: 
Dose and Dose Schedule for Irinotecan and Bevacizumab Therapies 
Regimen 
Duration 
Dose(s) and Schedule 
Irinotecan 
Every 2 weeks 
Day 1: Irinotecan 180 mg/m2 IV over 30–90 min 
5.0 
SUBJECT SELECTION 
All subjects must sign an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved informed consent form 
prior to any protocol-required procedures are performed.  All subjects enrolled into this study 
must satisfy all eligibility criteria. 
6.0 
CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS 
All subjects will be asked about concomitant medications at study entry. For subjects entering 
the study on a chronic concomitant medication, adequate clarification of the reason for taking 
that medication must be documented in the medical history. Information about medications, 
including over the counter medications, used during the study must also be recorded. Subjects 
must observe the restrictions listed here throughout the study. The following medications are 
restricted per the US FDA-approved product information for regorafenib.  
•
Strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and
St. John's Wort)
•
Strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 activity (e.g., clarithromycin, grapefruit juice, itraconazole,
ketoconazole, posaconazole, telithromycin, and voriconazole)
All subjects will receive premedication with corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone 10 mg IV or 
PO) prior to RRx-001 administration to reduce the potential for infusion site pain. Ibuprofen 
(400-800 mg), opioids, benzodiazepines, gabapentin (300-2400 mg PO), pregabalin 
(600 mg/day, PO), and/or aprepitant may also be used as needed at the discretion of the 
Investigator to ameliorate infusion site pain in addition to increasing the infusion time in subjects 
who experience this adverse event.  As testosterone levels may influence pain perception 
(Basaria 2013), male subjects who are intolerant of RRx-001 infusion should be tested for both 
free and total testosterone. Testosterone supplementation is permitted only in this instance and at 
the discretion of the Investigator and with the agreement of the Sponsor. 
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6.1 
Dose Modification 
6.1.1 
RRx-001 
Dose modifications arising from subject intolerance of the RRx-001 infusion are permitted and 
are justified based on the observation of activity at all dose levels in the Phase 1 study. The 
dosing schedule window may vary ± 1 day for subject convenience or clinic schedules.  Dose 
modifications are shown in Table 5.   
During dosing of RRx-001, the infusion rate should be titrated to subject tolerance. Stopping and 
restarting the infusion is permitted. It is recommended that reductions or increases in the rate of 
infusion should be carried in increments of 0.5 mL/hour.  
Dose modifications for any other study drug-related adverse events should be discussed with and 
approved by the Sponsor prior to implementation.  
Table 5: 
Dose Modifications for RRx-001 Administration 
Sequential Dose 
Modification 
RRx-001 
Dose 
Infusion Time 
Frequency 
Interval 
Initial 
4 mg 
Up to 4 h from time of 
blood extraction 
1 x week 
Separated by 7 days ± 1 day 
Dose reduction option 
2 mg 
Up to 4 h from time of 
blood extraction 
1 x week 
Separated by 7 days ± 1 day 
6.1.2 
Regorafenib 
The initial dose for regorafenib is 160 mg QD, as described in the FDA package insert. Dose 
modifications for regorafenib due to drug-related adverse events should be performed based on 
guidance provided in the FDA package insert, as excerpted below.  Please review the FDA 
package insert for more information. 
Interrupt regorafenib for the following: 
• NCI CTCAE Grade 2 hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) [palmar-plantarerythrodysesthesia 
(PPE)] that is recurrent or does not improve within 7 days despite dose reduction; 
interrupt therapy for a minimum of 7 days for Grade 3 HFSR 
• Symptomatic Grade 2 hypertension 
• Any NCI CTCAE Grade 3 or 4 adverse reaction 
 
Reduce the dose of regorafenib to 120 mg: 
• For the first occurrence of Grade 2 HFSR of any duration 
• After recovery of any Grade 3 or 4 adverse reaction 
• For Grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanineaminotransferase (ALT) elevation; 
only resume if the potential benefit outweighs the risk of hepatotoxicity 
 
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Reduce the dose of regorafenib to 80 mg: 
• For re-occurrence of Grade 2 HFSR at the 120 mg dose 
• After recovery of any Grade 3 or 4 adverse reaction at the 120 mg dose (except 
hepatotoxicity) 
 
Discontinue regorafenib permanently for the following: 
• Failure to tolerate 80 mg dose 
• Any occurrence of AST or ALT more than 20 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) 
• Any occurrence of AST or ALT more than 3 times ULN with concurrent bilirubin more 
than 2 times ULN 
• Re-occurrence of AST or ALT more than 5 times ULN despite dose reduction to 120 mg 
• For any Grade 4 adverse reaction; only resume if the potential benefit outweighs the risks 
 
6.1.3 
Irinotecan  
The recommended dose for irinotecan will be 180 mg/m2 every two (2) weeks. Recommended 
dose alterations for toxicity from the FDA approved irinotecan product information are shown in 
Table 7 below. 
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Table 6: 
Dose Modifications for Irinotecan Administration 
 
 
Table 7: 
Recommended Dose Reductions for Irinotecan 
Starting Dose of Irinotecan 
(mg/m2) 
Dose level -1 
(mg/m2) 
Dose level -2 
(mg/m2) 
180 
140-150 
110-120 
 
7.0 
STUDY VISITS 
7.1 
Screening Visit Within 28 Days Prior to Randomization 
Required Procedures and Assessments 
• Written Informed Consent 
• Medical history/Demographics: Includes demographic data (age, race, ethnicity, etc.), 
medical history, surgical history, cancer history, cancer treatment history 
• Clinic visit: Includes full physical exam and recording of PE findings (abnormalities 
only), ECOG Performance Status, vitals, weight, height. Clinic visit should be performed 
by the treating Investigator or sub-investigator.  
• QOL assessment: EORTC QLQ-C30  
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• Physician administered Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) 
• Tumor imaging by CT/MRI and RECIST v1.1 assessment 
• RRx-001 randomized subjects will be imaged by diagnostic CT with contrast  
• Clinical laboratory assessments by local lab:  
o Hematology includes: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and 
white blood cells with differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, 
and eosinophil).  
o Complete metabolic panel includes: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, 
BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total 
bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH. 
o CEA tumor marker. 
o Serum pregnancy test on women of child-bearing potential  (WOCBP) 
o Urinalysis 
• Archival tumor sample submission: Archived tissue will be collected for all subjects 
when available. It is preferred that tumor biopsies be submitted for biomarker analysis as 
a formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks; however at least 10 unstained slides 
are also acceptable. See Appendix 3 for detailed instructions. 
• Concomitant medications review and documentation. For subjects entering the study on a 
chronic concomitant medication, adequate clarification of the reason for taking that 
medication must be documented in the medical history. For a list of prohibited 
medications, see protocol Section 6.0  
• AE/SAE assessment: The AE/SAE reporting period will extend from first dose of study 
drug (regorafenib or RRx-001) through the Study Termination Visit, until 30 days after 
the last dose of study drug, or the resolution or stabilization of the AE to Grade ≤1 or 
baseline, whichever is longer.  AEs/SAEs occurring from time of signed informed 
consent to first dose of study drug should be recorded in the Medical History CRF page. 
• Inclusion/Exclusion criteria assessment 
• Randomization: May be performed up to 7 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1 
 
For additional detail on Screening Procedures, refer to Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments. 
7.2 
Treatment Schedule 
Procedure and Cycle Windows: 
• Cycle 1 Day 1 should be performed within 7 days after Randomization 
• Cycle 1 Day 1 Repeat Assessments:  
o If screening clinic visit is performed within 7 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, it does not 
need to be repeated.  
o If screening labs (hematology and complete metabolic panel) are completed within 48 
hours prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, these do not need to be repeated. 
• All Day 1 procedures should be performed within 48 hours prior to the start of the cycle. 
• Following Cycle 1 Day 1, visits are to be executed ± 24 hours from the scheduled time point.  
• Cycle length = 4 weeks (28 days). 
 
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Cycle 1 Day 1 (Week 1) 
• Clinic Visit: Includes symptom directed physical exam and recording of PE findings 
(abnormalities only), ECOG Performance Status, Vitals, Weight 
• Clinical laboratory assessments by local lab (not required if screening labs performed 
within 48 hours prior):  
o Hematology includes: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and 
white blood cells with differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, 
and eosinophil).  
o Complete Metabolic Panel includes: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, 
BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total 
bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH. 
o CEA tumor marker. 
• QOL Questionnaire: EORTC QLQ-C30. Should be completed at the beginning of the 
visit, prior to any other assessments.  
o Not required if screening QOL Questionnaire is completed within 48 hours prior. 
• Physician administered Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) 
o Not required if screening ESAS is completed within 48 hours prior. 
• Concomitant Medications Review and Documentation, including BSC 
• Adverse Event Assessment 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 1 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours. For additional 
detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 6.0 and to 
Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments. 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care. Best Supportive Care includes any method to preserve the 
comfort of the subject, including palliative radiation and surgical intervention. 
The use of palliative radiation and/or surgical intervention is under the discretion 
of the Investigator and with agreement of the Sponsor. Best Supportive Care 
excludes systemic anti-cancer therapy. 
o Regorafenib will be administered orally as directed in the package insert at 160 
mg once daily for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Dose interruptions and 
reductions, if required, should strictly adhere to the guidelines in the package 
insert. 
• Subjects enrolled at Stanford University may have CEUS imaging at the discretion of the 
Principal Investigator and Radiologist.  
 
Cycle 1 Day 8 (Week 2) 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 8 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours. For additional 
detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 6.0 and 
Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
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o Regorafenib will be administered orally as directed in the package insert at 160 
mg once daily for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle.  
o Adverse Event Assessment 
• Subjects enrolled at Stanford University may have CEUS imaging at the discretion of the 
Principal Investigator and Radiologist.  
 
Cycle 1 Day 15 (Week 3) 
• Clinic Visit: Includes symptom-directed physical exam and recording of PE findings 
(abnormalities only), ECOG Performance Status, Vitals, Weight 
• Clinical laboratory assessments by local lab:  
o Hematology includes: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and 
white blood cells with differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, 
and eosinophil).  
o Complete Metabolic Panel includes: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, 
BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total 
bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH. 
o CEA tumor marker. 
• QOL Questionnaire: EORTC QLQ-C30. Should be completed at the beginning of the 
visit, prior to any other assessments.  
• Concomitant Medications Review and Documentation, including BSC 
• Adverse Event Assessment 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 15 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours.  For 
additional detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 
6.0 and to Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
o Regorafenib will be administered orally as directed in the package insert at 160 
mg once daily for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle.  
 
Cycle 1 Day 22 (Week 4) 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 22 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours. For 
additional detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 
6.0 and Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
o Adverse Event Assessment 
• Subjects enrolled at Stanford University may have CEUS imaging at the discretion of the 
Principal Investigator and Radiologist.  
 
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Cycle 2 Day 1 (Week 1) 
• Clinic Visit: Includes symptom-directed physical exam and recording of PE findings 
(abnormalities only), ECOG Performance Status, Vitals, Weight 
• Clinical laboratory assessments by local lab:  
o Hematology includes: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and 
white blood cells with differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, 
and eosinophil).  
o Complete Metabolic Panel includes: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, 
BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total 
bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH. 
o CEA tumor marker. 
o Serum pregnancy test on women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) 
• QOL Questionnaire: EORTC QLQ-C30. Should be completed at the beginning of the 
visit, prior to any other assessments.  
• Physician administered Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) 
• Concomitant Medications Review and Documentation, including BSC 
• Adverse Event Assessment 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 1 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours. For additional 
detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 6.0 and to 
Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
o Regorafenib will be administered orally as directed in the package insert at 160 
mg once daily for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle.  
 
Cycle 2 Day 8 (Week 2) 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 8 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours. For additional 
detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 6.0 and 
Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
o Regorafenib will be administered orally as directed in the package insert at 160 
mg once daily for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle.  
o Adverse Event Assessment 
 
Cycle 2 Day 15 (Week 3) 
• Clinic Visit: Includes symptom-directed physical exam and recording of PE findings 
(abnormalities only), ECOG Performance Status, Vitals, Weight 
• Clinical laboratory assessments by local lab:  
o Hematology includes: red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and 
white blood cells with differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, 
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and eosinophil).  
o Complete Metabolic Panel includes: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, 
BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total 
bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and LDH. 
o CEA tumor marker. 
• QOL Questionnaire: EORTC QLQ-C30. Should be completed at the beginning of the 
visit, prior to any other assessments.  
• Concomitant Medications Review and Documentation, including BSC 
• Adverse Event Assessment 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 15 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours. For 
additional detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 
6.0 and to Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
o Regorafenib will be administered orally as directed in the package insert at 160 
mg once daily for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle.  
 
Cycle 2 Day 22 (Week 4) 
• Study Drug Administration: 
o RRx-001 will be administered intravenously either centrally or peripherally once 
a week, on Day 22 (at least 7 days ±1 day apart), over up to 4 hours.  For 
additional detail on dosing and premedication, refer to protocol Sections 2.7 and 
6.0 and Section 1.1 Schedule of Assessments 
o Best Supportive Care should be administered according to the Institutional 
Standard of Care.  
• Adverse Event Assessment 
• Subjects enrolled at Stanford University may have CEUS imaging at the discretion of the 
Principal Investigator and Radiologist. 
 
Cycle 3+  
• Cycle 3+ has the same procedures as Cycle 1 and 2.  
• Tumor Imaging by CT and irRC Assessment at 12 weeks with 4 week confirmatory scan 
for response or progression, if indicated 
 
Progression Visit 
• Diagnostic CT (with contrast)  
• Concomitant Medications Review and Documentation, including BSC 
• Adverse Event Assessment 
 
Refer to Schedule of Assessments for additional details. 
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7.2.1 
Stage 2: Irinotecan  
Following progression on RRx-001 or regorafenib (see Section 9.1.2), subjects will receive 
irinotecan therapies. See Section 4.8, Table 4 for more details about the dose and schedule. 
Subjects enrolled at Stanford University may have CEUS imaging at the discretion of the 
Principal Investigator and Radiologist. A diagnostic CT (with contrast) scan for RRx-001 
randomized subjects that are at Stage 2 (i.e. receiving irinotecan) will be carried out at the first 
scheduled imaging visit after starting irinotecan.   
Study patients will need to meet Inclusion Criterion #10 regarding required laboratory 
parameters (a-e) before beginning Stage 2 (see Inclusion Criteria). In addition, the following 
criteria need to be met:  
•
In order to allow continued administration of  RRx-001 (or regorafenib) despite
progression of disease based on appearance of a new lesion (per irRC), patients must
have absence of symptoms and signs of clinically important morbidity due to disease
progression (e.g., requirement for additional medical management to control symptoms
or irradiation to prevent morbidity), absence of symptomatic rapid disease progression
requiring urgent medical intervention (e.g., spinal cord compression), and no decline
in ECOG or Karnofsky performance status.
•
Patients are re-consented using a written informed consent document at the time of
progression of disease.
7.2.2 
Long-Term Follow Up 
Following progression on irinotecan-based therapies, subjects will be followed through their 
subsequent lines of treatment to collect overall survival. Subjects will be followed every eight (8) 
weeks by chart review (at a minimum) until death or withdrawal of consent to collect overall 
survival. Follow up will continue until study closure.  
7.3 
Subject Withdrawal from Study Treatment 
Subjects may discontinue the trial at any time, for any reason, without prejudice to further 
treatment.  
Subjects may be withdrawn from the study for any of the following reasons but will be followed 
for safety until 30 days after last dose of study drug, resolution or permanent sequelae of all 
toxicities attributable to the study drug, whichever is earliest:  
•
The subject withdraws consent; or
•
Unacceptable toxicity; or
•
The cessation of study treatment is medically necessary in the opinion of the Investigator;
or
•
The subject is lost to follow-up; or
•
Non-compliance with study procedures; or
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• Sponsor decides to end study. 
 
7.4 
Withdrawal Procedure 
In the event of a subject’s withdrawal from the study, the Investigator will promptly notify the 
Medical Monitor. All treatment emergent adverse drug events will be followed until resolution, 
improvement to ≤ Grade 1 or baseline, or permanent sequelae, subject death, commencement of 
other anticancer therapy or up to the end of the study, whichever is longer. Final outcome for 
AEs ongoing at time of termination visit will be captured as “Not Recovered/Not Resolved”. 
7.5 
Early Termination of Study/Center Closure 
The study may be terminated at any time by the Sponsor in the event of unacceptable toxicity or 
new information that significantly impacts subject safety. The study may be terminated at a study 
site if the Investigator does not adhere to the protocol. In the event that the clinical development 
of the investigational product is discontinued for any reason, the Sponsor shall immediately 
inform all study Investigators/IRBs and Regulatory Authorities. 
 
8.0 
SUBJECT ASSESSMENTS 
Subjects must provide written informed consent for participation in this study prior to start of 
any study procedures. 
Subjects must meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to randomization and study drug 
dosing. 
8.1 
Tumor Assessments Using irRC Criteria by X-Ray Computed Tomography, 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and FDG-PET 
X-ray computed tomography (CT) with contrast procedures will be performed to establish a 
baseline for the tumor, and disease progression will be monitored as detailed in Section 4.4.  
Imaging should be performed with the use of contrast. The Screening CT procedure does not 
need to be repeated if a CT was performed within 28 days of Randomization.  Subsequent 
assessments will be performed according to the Schedule of Assessments. Subjects that are 
intolerant to the CT contrast agent are eligible for tumor assessment by MRI. In addition, MRI 
may be used if it is the best imaging modality for a given tumor site.  The same imaging 
modality for tumor assessments for each subject should be performed throughout the study. As 
described in Section 9.1.2, an FDG-PET scan may be carried out at the Investigator’s discretion 
for informational purposes since RRx-001 is associated with treatment-related tumor 
inflammation if CT or MRI progression is observed. Imaging in this study will be carried out as 
described in (Table 8). 
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Table 8: 
Imaging Events and Modalities 
Imaging Event 
Imaging 
Modality 
RRx-001 
Arm 
Regorafenib 
Arm 
Irinotecan-based 
Therapies 
Baseline 
CT or MRI 
Y 
 
Y 
 
Y 
 
Every 12 weeks  
CT or MRI 
Y 
Y 
N 
Every 8 weeks  
CT or MRI 
N 
N 
Y 
On suspected progression by CT or MRI 
FDG-PET 
Y* 
N 
N 
First scheduled imaging visit post start of 
irinotecan 
PET-CT 
Y 
N 
Y 
* = Recommended, but at Investigators’ discretion 
An exploratory endpoint is to assess the impact of p53 status on response. As one measure of 
response will be change in SUV by FDG-PET, it will be important to have an even distribution 
of p53 wild type and mutant subjects.  Therefore, as the study is progressing, it may be necessary 
to limit the number of subjects being imaged based on the ratio of wild-type to mutant subjects 
enrolled.     
8.2 
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Imaging 
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound imaging will be carried to assess impact of RRx-001 on tumor 
blood flow and perfusion and to assess tumor response with irinotecan post-RRx-001. The 
decision as to who (which patients), on what therapies and when to image at any given time is 
entirely at the discretion of the Stanford University PI, and the Stanford University radiologist.  
See Appendix 6 for full details. 
8.3 
Tumor Biopsies 
See Appendix 4 for further details concerning tumor biopsy methodology, labeling and shipment 
instructions for a central pathology service. Determination of p53 and PDI (RRx-001 subjects): 
Documentation of p53 status or level of PDI expression can occur via the following: 1) Prior 
genetic testing/profiling results; 2) Submission of archival tissue to local laboratory if site has the 
required capabilities; or 3) Submission of archival tissue to central laboratory. Only in the event 
that p53 status is unknown and there is not sufficient archival tissue to be submitted, the patient 
should undergo a research biopsy of the primary tumor if deemed clinically appropriate. 
8.4 
Laboratory Assessments 
Clinical laboratory (hematology, chemistry, and tumor marker), urinalysis and serum or urine 
pregnancy (on females of childbearing potential) will be performed according to the Schedule of 
Assessments and under Institutional Standard of Care. 
The Investigator will monitor the laboratory test findings.  If any laboratory test is abnormal, it 
will be followed at the discretion of the Investigator.  
Abnormal laboratory tests may, in the opinion of the Investigator, be considered clinically 
significant and, thus, constitute or be associated with an AE. In such cases, they must be reported 
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on the AE page of the case report form (CRF). Any abnormal clinical lab that is determined not 
to be clinically significant will have a description of the reason for this determination 
documented on the lab CRF. 
8.5 
Clinical Features of RRx-001 Toxicity and Management 
In the Phase 1 trial, the most common adverse event associated with RRx-001 was transient 
discomfort or vascular pain at the injection site, for the length of the infusion, which was 
unpleasant to the clinical trial participants. Pretreatment with a parenteral or oral corticosteroid 
and NSAID on dosing days mitigated the intensity of pain and is a prerequisite and cornerstone 
of pain management in this Phase 2 trial. However, the administration of corticosteroids outside 
of dosing days on a chronic or subchronic basis is contraindicated except in emergencies and in 
clinically symptomatic disease pseudoprogression (see below). In these cases, the lowest 
possible dose for symptom management should be used. As immunosuppressants, corticosteroids 
may alter the release of RRx-001-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and thus 
impact negatively on anti-tumor activity. 
Empirically prolongation of the infusion time was also effective and any intervention for 
refractory pain or discomfort should include slowing of the infusion rate; however pain 
perception is individualized and because no single approach was universally effective in the 
Phase 1 trial, pain management must be addressed on a case-by-case basis, with individualized 
infusion rates and the co-administration of opioids, and benzodiazepines as required.  
Another complication is the potential for treatment-related necrosis and tumor enlargement or 
pseudoprogression with RRx-001. The clinical significance of this complication is variable, 
ranging from none to requiring medical intervention. The management is individualized, 
depending on the size of the acutely enlarged mass, and its relation to adjacent anatomical 
structures. An acutely enlarged necrotic mass may present with compressive symptoms, 
mimicking other more common conditions including true progression and therefore even 
nonspecific complaints such as abdominal pain or nausea should increase the index of suspicion 
and the reflex to image and/or biopsy suspected cases aggressively.  
 
9.0 
ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY 
9.1 
Tumor Assessments 
Tumor assessments will be made according to the Schedule of Assessments. Response and 
progression will be evaluated as defined per irRC for RRx-001 and regorafenib and RECIST 
v1.1 for irinotecan study stages.  
All subjects must have radiographic tumor measurements performed at the participating study 
center. 
The RECIST v 1.1 guidelines (January 2009) will be used as one component to determine 
response. Grading for best response will be categorized as complete response (CR), partial 
response (PR), stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD).  
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Immune Related Response Criteria will be used as described in Appendix 5. 
Sites will provide all scans to EpicentRx for later review. 
9.1.1 
Definitions 
For guidelines on definitions and evaluation of measurable and non-measureable disease and 
target and non-target lesions, see Appendix 5: RECIST v1.1 and irRC.  
9.1.2 
Determination of Conditions for Entry to Stage 2 of Study: RRx-001 
Tumors will be assessed by CT or MRI every 12 weeks with a confirmatory scan 4 weeks later 
per irRC, for progression or response, if indicated, to determine the conditions for entry to 
Stage 2 of the clinical study, resensitization to irinotecan.   
Subjects that have been randomized to the regorafenib arm will enter Stage 2 on diagnosis of 
Progressive Disease by CT or MRI per irRC, provided that their performance status is adequate 
i.e. 0 or 1 and it is warranted in the opinion of the Investigator, taking into account the whole 
clinical picture. 
Study patients will need to meet Inclusion Criterion #10 regarding required laboratory 
parameters (a-e) before beginning Stage 2 (see Inclusion Criteria). 
9.2 
Pseudoprogression and Immune Related Response Criteria (irRC) 
Based on preclinical experiments, RRx-001 increases anti-tumor T cell activation. Clinical 
observations of RRx-001-treated tumors suggest that RECIST response assessment criteria are 
not sufficient to fully characterize patterns of response, which typically include treatment-related 
necrosis and rapid radiologic enlargement of lesions in the context of symptomatic stabilization 
or improvement; this subjective improvement or stabilization is consistent with 
pseudoprogression i.e. temporary reversible increase in size due to RRx-001 exposure. The 
before-and-after images of this EGFR+ NSCLC TRIPLE THREAT patient taken from a 
published case report are a case in point. [Brzezniak et al. 2016]. A biopsy of this tumor revealed 
infiltration of T lymphocytes and only scant surviving tumor cells. Over time presumably due to 
resorption of the necrotic debris, the lesion shrunk in size. Therefore the apparent increase or 
decrease in size of RRx-001-treated tumors may in reality be a function of the development or 
subsidence of inflammatory swelling. 
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Figure 2: 
Baseline FDG-PET/CT (left) demonstrating an FDG avid tumor is compared 
to interim FDG-PET/CT after 5 weeks of treatment with RRx-001 (right). 
The treatment effect is indicated by extensive central tumor necrosis with a 
thin halo of the apparently viable tumor, which may be an immune infiltrate. 
 
Serial biopsies from another TRIPLE THREAT patient demonstrated an increased T cell 
infiltrate and decreased cellularity and size at 12 weeks; prior to 12 weeks the patient’s tumors 
increased in size although not enough to be considered progressive disease per RECIST v. 1.1 
criteria.  
Figure 3: 
Graph of cellularity, necrosis and T cell infiltrate in a two serially biopsied 
lymph nodes from the same patient on a 40x field of view. The y-axis is 
graded on a scale of 0 to 3 where 0=none 1=slight 2=moderate 3=extensive. 
By 12 weeks T cell infiltrate has significantly increased while cellularity has 
significantly decreased.  
 
 
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Given these observations, RECIST v. 1.1 criteria have been replaced with irRC to assess 
response at 12 weeks. Measurable lesions are defined as ≥5×5 mm. The longest diameters of new 
lesions, if any, are also measured, according to irRC. The cut-off values defined by irRC are: 
≥25% increase from the nadir for progression, ≥50% decrease from baseline for partial response, 
and disappearance of all lesions for complete response. Confirmation by two consecutive 
observations not less than 4 weeks apart is required for CR, PR and PD for both assessments, as 
defined by irRC to assign best response for each patient. Refer to Appendix E for more 
information about irRC. However, to capture potential non-radiological progression, physicians 
will administer a well-validated questionnaire called Edmonton Symptom Assessment System 
(ESAS) to patients starting at Week 8. Note that tumor assessment for the Platinum Doublet 
Stage will continue to use RECIST v1.1 criteria to enable comparison with historic responses. 
10.0 
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY 
Safety will be evaluated according to the Schedule of Assessments per Institutional Standard of 
Care.  
10.1 
Coding Adverse Events  
This trial will use the most current version of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
(MedDRA) for coding all AEs. Adverse events within each system will be summarized by 
preferred term, system organ class, NCI CTCAE, Version 4.03 (published June 14, 2010 or later) 
grade of severity, and relationship to the study medication. Serious adverse events (SAEs) will 
be summarized separately. 
10.2 
Adverse Events 
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a subject or clinical investigation subject 
administered a pharmaceutical product and that does not necessarily have a causal relationship 
with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an 
abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a 
medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not related to the medicinal (investigational) 
product. 
Pre-existing events, which increase in frequency or severity or change in nature during or as a 
consequence of use of the study medication will also be considered as AEs. AEs may also 
include pre-treatment or post-treatment complications that occur as a result of protocol-mandated 
procedures. Any medical condition or clinically significant laboratory abnormality with an onset 
date before any study required procedures is considered to be pre-existing, and should be 
documented in the CRF as such. Any AE (i.e. a new event or an exacerbation of a pre-existing 
condition) with an onset after the administration of study required procedures up to the last day 
on study (end-of-treatment visit) should be recorded as an AE on the appropriate CRF page(s). 
For the purposes of this study an AE will not include the following: 
• A medical or surgical procedure (e.g., biopsy, surgery, endoscopy, tooth extraction, or 
transfusion); associated with the underlying condition that leads to the procedure; 
• Pre-existing diseases or conditions present or detected before start of study medication 
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administration and which do not worsen or increase in severity or frequency after the 
administration of study medication; situations where an untoward medical occurrence has 
not occurred (e.g., hospitalization for elective surgery for a condition that has not worsened 
on study, social and/or convenience admissions to grant families a respite in caring for a 
subject). 
• Progressive disease. 
 
10.2.1 
Abnormal Test Findings 
Abnormal laboratory findings (e.g., clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis, tumor marker) or 
other abnormal assessments (e.g., electrocardiogram, X-rays, vital signs) per se are not reported 
as AEs.  However, those abnormal findings that are deemed clinically significant by the 
Investigator or are associated with signs and/or symptoms must be recorded as AEs if they meet 
the definition of an adverse event (and recorded as an SAE if they meet the criteria of being 
serious). The criteria for determining whether an abnormal objective test finding should be 
reported as an AE include the following: 
• Test result is associated with accompanying symptoms; 
• Test result requires additional diagnostic testing or medical/surgical intervention; 
• Test result leads to a change in study dosing or discontinuation from the study, significant 
additional concomitant drug treatment, or other therapy. 
 
Merely repeating an abnormal test, in the absence of any of the above conditions, does not 
constitute an AE. Any abnormal test result that is determined to be an error does not require 
reporting as an AE. 
10.3 
Monitoring Adverse Events 
All AEs will be assessed by the Investigator and recorded on the appropriate CRF; the reported 
verbatim term will be documented including the date of onset and resolution, NCI-CTCAE grade 
of severity, relationship to study medication, outcome, and action taken. Adverse events will be 
reported starting at the Cycle 1 Day 1 clinical visit and be recorded continuously through the 
treatment period and until the Study Termination Visit (STV) or resolution if not resolved to 
baseline at time of STV.  
Adverse Events Data Elements: 
• Verbatim description of event.  
• NCI-CTCAE v4.03 grade for AE severity. 
• Start and stop date of AE. 
• Relationship to study drug (attribution). 
• Whether or not the subject was discontinued from the study due to the AE. 
• Action taken with regard to the administration of study drug. 
• Whether or not the event met the criteria for a SAE; if yes, an SAE form needs to be 
completed and submitted to the Sponsor within 24 hrs. 
 
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10.3.1 
Grading of AEs 
The severity of an event and the seriousness are not to be considered synonymous. The severity 
is grading the intensity of an event. The seriousness of an event is based on the subject/event 
outcome. All AEs will be assessed for severity using the NCI-CTCAE v4.03.  
If a particular AE is not listed in the NCI-CTCAE v4.03, the following criteria will be used: 
• Grade 1 = Mild 
• Grade 2 = Moderate 
• Grade 3 = Severe 
• Grade 4 = Life threatening or disabling 
• Grade 5 = Death 
 
10.3.2 
Causality Relationship of AEs 
The relationship of each AE to the study medication will be evaluated by the Investigator using 
the following definitions: 
• Unrelated: The AE is unlikely or clearly not related to the study drug. The AE can be 
explained to be likely related to other factors such as concomitant medications, underlying 
disease, or the subject’s clinical state. 
• Related: The AE is possibly or definitely related to the study drug.  A plausible temporal 
sequence exists between the time of administration of the study drug and the development 
of the AE and it follows a known response pattern to the study drug. The AE cannot be 
reasonably explained by the known characteristics of the subject’s clinical state or other 
concomitant therapies or interventions administered to the subject. 
 
If the Investigator determines an SAE is associated with study procedures, the Investigator must 
record his causal relationship in the source documents and CRF, as appropriate, and report such 
an assessment in accordance with the SAE reporting requirements, if applicable. 
10.3.3 
Study Procedures 
Although adverse events are typically considered in the context of arising as a consequence of 
study drug exposure, it is important for the safety of study subjects to identify study-related 
procedures that may produce untoward events.  For example, following study enrollment a 
protocol may stipulate that a diagnostic test be performed.  It is possible that the diagnostic test 
poses a particular risk to the study population.  It would be important to identify this risk, 
particularly serious risks so that steps could be taken to reduce the risk to study subjects. If an 
adverse event occurs as a result of a protocol-directed procedure, it is important to record the 
adverse event and assign the causality assessment as related to “study procedure”.  
10.3.4 
Deaths 
Death is an outcome of an adverse event and not an adverse event in itself.  All reports of subject 
death should include an Adverse Event term for the cause of the death.  For all reports in which 
an Adverse Event term is not provided (other than ‘Death’), follow-up for the cause of death will 
be required.  Only in the rare occurrence that no verbatim description of an adverse event can be 
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obtained from the investigative site, then “Death – Unknown Cause” will be used as the event 
term. 
10.4 
Serious Adverse Event (SAE)  
An AE is considered “serious” if, in the view of either the Investigator or Sponsor, it results in 
any of the follow outcomes: 
• Death; 
• Life-threatening (subject is at immediate risk of death); 
• Inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; 
• Results in persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to 
conduct normal life functions; 
• Congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of a subject who received study 
medication; 
• Other: Important medical events that may not result in death, be immediately life-
threatening, or require hospitalization, may be considered a SAE when, based upon 
appropriate medical judgment, they may jeopardize the subject and may require medical or 
surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed in this definition, examples of 
such events are: intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home for allergic response, 
blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do not result in hospitalization, development of drug 
dependency or drug abuse, etc. 
 
Death: Death is an outcome of an AE, and not an AE in itself. All deaths regardless of causality 
must be reported. See Section 10.3.4.  
Life-Threatening: “Life-threatening” means that the subject was at immediate risk of death from 
the event as it occurred. This does not include an event that might have led to death, if it had 
occurred with greater severity. 
An AE is considered “life-threatening” if, in the view of either the Investigator or Sponsor, its 
occurrence places the subject at immediate risk of death. It does not include an AE, that, had it 
occurred in a more severe form, might have caused death. 
Hospitalization: “Inpatient hospitalization” means the subject has been admitted to a hospital for 
medical reasons for any length of time.  
The Investigator should attempt to establish a diagnosis of the event based on signs, symptoms, 
and/or other clinical information. In such cases, the diagnosis should be documented as the AE 
and/or SAE and not the individual signs/symptoms. AEs associated with hospitalization or 
prolongations of hospitalization in study subjects are considered serious. Any initial admission 
(even if less than 24 hours) to a healthcare facility meets these criteria.  
Hospitalization does not include the following: 
• Rehabilitation facilities; 
• Hospice facilities; 
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• Respite care (e.g., caregiver relief); 
• Skilled nursing facilities; 
• Nursing homes; 
• Routine emergency room admissions; 
• Scheduled or elective same day surgeries (as outpatient/same day/ambulatory procedures). 
 
Hospitalization of prolongation of hospitalization in the absence of a precipitating clinical AE is 
not in itself a SAE.  
All SAEs require reporting to the Sponsor within 24 hours of a site’s knowledge of the SAE.   
Diagnostic and therapeutic non-invasive procedures, and surgery, should not be reported as AEs. 
However, the medical condition for which the procedure was performed should be reported if it 
meets the definition of an AE. For example, an acute appendicitis that begins during the AE 
reporting period should be reported as an AE and the resulting appendectomy should be recorded 
as treatment of the AE. 
10.4.1 
Adverse Reaction 
An adverse reaction (AR) means any AE caused by a drug. An AR or adverse drug reaction 
(ADR) is a subset of all suspected adverse reactions (SARs) as defined below for which there is 
reason to conclude that the drug caused the event. Adverse reactions are a subset of all suspected 
AEs for which there is reason to conclude that the drug caused the AE. 
10.4.2 
Suspected Adverse Reaction (SAR) 
Suspected adverse reaction means any AE for which there is a reasonable possibility that the 
drug caused the AE. For the purposes of IND safety reporting, ‘‘reasonable possibility’’ means 
there is evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the drug and the AE. Suspected 
adverse reaction implies a lesser degree of certainty about causality than adverse reaction, which 
means any AE caused by a drug. 
For reporting purposes, AEs assigned a relationship to treatment of “related” will be classified as 
SARs. 
AEs assigned a relationship to treatment of  “unrelated” will not be classified as SARs.  
10.4.3 
Unexpected Suspected Adverse Reactions  
An AE or SAR is considered “unexpected” if it is not listed in the Investigator Brochure (IB) or 
the FDA package insert or is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been observed. For 
approved drugs (i.e., regorafenib) used in this study please refer to the currently approved 
product label for a summary of the AEs associated with that product. 
The IB provides Investigators with information (clinical and nonclinical) about the 
investigational product. The IB includes those AEs for which a causal relationship is suspected 
or confirmed (SARs or ADRs) as well as AEs that may be predicted to occur based on the 
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pharmacological properties of the investigational product. The IB is used as the basis for the 
Sponsor’s determination of “unexpected” for reporting purposes. 
“Unexpected” SARs are AEs not currently listed in the IB. An AE or SAE may also be 
considered “unexpected” if it is not listed in the IB at the specificity or severity that has been 
observed.  
10.5 
Withdrawal Due to Adverse Events 
Withdrawal due to an AE should be distinguished from withdrawal due to insufficient response 
or any other reason, according to the definition of AE noted earlier and recorded on the 
appropriate AE CRF page or electronic-based CRF (eCRF) screen. 
When a subject withdraws due to an SAE, the SAE must be reported in accordance with the 
reporting requirements defined below. 
In case the AE has not resolved up to 30 days after last dose of study drug, the final outcome of 
these ongoing and new unrelated AEs will be captured as “Not Recovered/Not Resolved” or 
“Recovering/Resolving” whichever is applicable. 
10.6 
Reporting Responsibility 
An IND safety report will be submitted for any SAR that is both Serious and Unexpected. Before 
submitting this report, need to ensure that the event meets the following criteria: 
• SAR  
• Serious  
• Unexpected  
 
If the AE does not meet all three of the definitions, it should not be submitted as an expedited 
IND safety report. 
10.6.1 
Investigator Reporting 
Except for study endpoints, the Investigator must immediately report to the Sponsor all SAEs, 
regardless of whether the investigator believes that they are drug related, including those events 
listed in the protocol as anticipated to occur in the study population independent of drug 
exposure or in the Investigator Brochure as predicted to occur with the drug. Study endpoints 
that are also SAEs are reported to the Sponsor. 
10.6.2 
Instructions for Notification of SAEs: 
The SAE reporting period will extend from the signature of the informed consent through the 
Study Termination Visit, until 30 days after the last dose of study drug, or the resolution or 
stabilization of the AE to Grade ≤1 or baseline, whichever is longer. 
If an SAE occurs, the Sponsor and its designee are to be notified within 24 hours of awareness of 
the event by the Investigator. In particular, if the SAE is fatal or life threatening, notification to 
the Sponsor or designee must be made immediately, irrespective of the extent of the available 
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SAE information. This timeframe also applies to additional new information (follow up) on 
previously forwarded SAE reports as well as to the initial and follow up reporting of Exposure in 
Utero (Pregnancy) cases. 
In the rare event that the Investigator does not become aware of the occurrence of an SAE 
immediately (e.g., if an outpatient trial subject initially seeks treatment elsewhere), the 
Investigator is to report the event within 24 hours of first awareness of the SAE and to document 
the time of his/her first awareness of the SAE. 
For all SAEs, the Investigator is obligated to pursue and provide information to the Sponsor or 
designee in accordance with the timeframes for reporting specified above. In addition, an 
Investigator may be requested by the Sponsor or designee to obtain specific additional follow up 
information in an expedited fashion. This information may be more detailed than information 
captured on the AE CRF. In general, this will include a description of the AE in sufficient detail 
to allow for a complete medical assessment of the case and independent determination of 
possible causality. Information on other possible causes of the event, such as concomitant 
mediations and illnesses must be provided. In the case of a subject death, a summary of available 
autopsy findings must be submitted as soon as possible to Sponsor or designee.  
For all AEs, the details must be recorded in the source documents and the Investigator must 
pursue and obtain information adequate both to determine the outcome of the AE and to assess 
whether it meets the criteria for classification as an SAE requiring prompt notification to Sponsor 
or designee. For all AEs, sufficient information should be obtained by the Investigator to 
determine causality of the AE. The Investigator is required to assess causality. Follow up by the 
Investigator is required to determine the outcome of the event until the event resolution, 
permanent sequelae, commencement of other anticancer therapy or loss to follow up.  
10.6.3 
Reporting Serious Events to the IRB and FDA 
SAEs and SSARs require immediate notification to the site’s IRB as per their reporting 
guidelines. All correspondence relating to IRB correspondence should be sent to Sponsor or 
designee for inclusion in the trial master file (TMF). 
Any unexpected fatal or life-threatening SAR shall be reported to the FDA as soon as possible 
but in no case later than seven (7) calendar days after the Sponsor’s initial receipt of the 
information. Notification may be made by telephone with subsequent facsimile reports or 
electronic records. 
The minimum information shall include the subject’s study number, age, gender, name of the 
study drug, and the term for the SAE or SSAR. 
The Sponsor must also notify the FDA and all participating Investigators in a written IND safety 
report of any SAE that is both serious, related, and unexpected, as soon as possible, but in no 
case later than 15 calendar days after the Sponsor’s initial receipt of the information.  
Sponsors are specifically required to notify all participating investigators (and FDA) in a written 
IND safety report of “any adverse experience associated with the use of the drug that is both 
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serious and unexpected” and “any finding from tests in laboratory animals that suggests a 
significant risk for human subjects” (§ 312.32(c)(1)(i)(A),(B)). 
Any relevant additional information that the Sponsor obtains that pertains to a previously 
submitted IND safety report must be submitted to FDA as a Follow-up IND Safety Report 
without delay, as soon as the information is available. 
10.6.4 
Additional Sponsor Responsibility 
More generally, Sponsors are required to “keep each participating Investigator informed of new 
observations discovered by or reported to the Sponsor on the drug, particularly with respect to 
adverse effects and safe use” (§ 312.55(b)). 
10.6.5 
Notification of Post-study Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) 
If a subject terminates study participation early, any SAEs that occur for a period of up to 30 
days after the last dose of study drug should be reported to the Sponsor. SAEs that occur after 
completion of the study are not required to be reported to the Sponsor unless the Investigator 
believes the event is related to study drug. 
10.7 
Following Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) 
Subjects with unresolved previously reported AEs or SAEs, should be followed by the 
Investigator until 30 days after the last dose of study drug, event resolution or improvement to 
Grade ≤1 or baseline, permanent sequelae, subject death, commencement of other anticancer 
therapy, up to end of study, or loss to follow-up, whichever is earlier.  
In case the AE has not resolved at the end of the Post Progression Follow-up period, the final 
outcome of these ongoing and new unrelated AEs will be captured as “Not Recovered/Not 
Resolved” or “Recovering/Resolving” whichever is applicable. 
11.0 
STATISTICAL PLAN 
11.1 
Determination of Sample Size 
We hypothesize that the administration of RRx-001 as a single agent for relapsed metastatic 
colorectal cancer that have failed 2 prior lines of systemic therapy, including adjuvant therapy, 
will increase median OS by 3 months (i.e., from 6 to 9 months) when compared to the control 
therapy of regorafenib.  Such an increase in median OS corresponds to a 33% reduction in the 
risk of death (i.e., target hazard ratio of 0.667). As this is a proof of concept study, the 
comparison between the two arms will be made at a 10% (one-sided) significance level.  Based 
on a log-rank test and 2:1 randomization ratio between treatment arms, a total of 123 death 
events from the 2 treatment arms are required to detect such an improvement in the RRx-001 
treatment arm compared to control with 80% power.  As part of these calculations, it has been 
assumed that there will be uniform enrollment over a 12-month period, there will be a minimum 
6 months follow-up per subject and survival data will be obtained for all but an insignificant 
number of subjects. It is expected that 190 subjects will be randomized with 2:1 randomization to 
achieve 123 events. Study follow-up will continue until it is projected that there will be 
approximately 123 events. 
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The primary inferential comparison between treatment groups will use the log-rank test using the 
full analysis population defined as randomized subjects receiving at least one dose of study 
treatment and not violating the following inclusion/exclusion criteria:  
Exclusion Criteria: 
4.     Symptoms or signs of active brain metastases; 
6.     Cholangitis that required treatment or intervention within 4 weeks of study enrollment 
 
11.2 
Safety Analyses 
Safety data analysis will be conducted on all subjects receiving at least 1 dose of RRx-001 or 
regorafenib.  Analyses will consist of data summaries for clinical and laboratory parameters, and 
for AEs.  The safety data will be summarized by treatment arm.  The number and percentage of 
subjects experiencing 1 or more AEs will be summarized by the relationship to study drug and 
severity.  Adverse events will be coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
(MedDRA) terminology.  Laboratory parameters will be summarized using descriptive statistics, 
by post-dosing shifts relative to baseline, and data listings of clinically significant abnormalities.  
Vital signs will be summarized by changes from baseline values using descriptive statistics.   
All available safety data will be provided to an independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) 
at the interim and final efficacy analyses (see below).  Periodic safety reviews will be conducted 
by the DMC approximately every 3-6 months. 
11.3 
Efficacy Analyses 
The primary efficacy endpoint is OS, defined as the number of months from randomization to 
death due to any cause.  OS will be summarized descriptively using the Kaplan-Meier method.  
Median OS will be estimated for each treatment group from the 50th percentile of the 
corresponding Kaplan-Meier estimates.  The primary inferential comparison between treatment 
groups will use an unstratified, log-rank test.  The hazard ratio will be estimated using a Cox 
proportional hazards model without covariates.  Similar analyses will be performed for 
progression free survival and Progression Free Survival 2.  Efficacy based upon response 
outcomes will be assessed using RECIST (version 1.1).  Such outcomes will be determined by 
the local Investigator and will serve as the data source for the analyses.  A summary of 
anticancer therapies received after ending protocol therapy will be provided.  Objective response 
rate and clinical benefit rate as well as other rate-based estimates will be compared using the 
chi-square test.  For all estimates, 95% confidence intervals will be calculated.  The duration of 
objective response and clinical benefit response will be described descriptively using the Kaplan-
Meier method for subjects with such responses. 
Exploratory subgroup analyses will be conducted using the following subgroups: 
1. Subjects with KRAS, BRAF or P53 mutations 
2. Subjects with prior bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab therapy 
3. Subjects with prior oxaliplatin therapy 
4. Subjects with prior irinotecan therapy 
5. Subjects with prior 5-FU based therapy 
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A single interim analysis for futility is planned at the time that 50% of the total death events are 
expected.  The objective of the futility analysis is to stop randomization to the study if there is 
sufficient evidence that such therapy is not improving outcomes relative to the control therapy.  
As the intent of the interim analysis is for futility only, no adjustment to the type I error at the 
final analysis is proposed. An independent statistical service provider will perform the interim 
efficacy analysis in conjunction with the DMC.  As noted previously, the DMC also will review 
safety data every 3-6 months. 
Exploratory Analyses: 
Screening Data: All baseline subject characteristics of demographic data (age, height, weight, 
race, ethnicity, etc.), medical history (abnormalities only), cancer history, cancer treatment 
history, PE findings (abnormalities only), and concomitant medications at study entry will be 
listed by subject. Demographics will be tabulated and summarized. 
Due to the changes in Amendment 01, particularly with respect to inclusion/exclusion criteria 
and study design, subjects that were enrolled prior to Amendment 01 will be analyzed for safety 
only.  
12.0 
INVESTIGATOR REQUIREMENTS 
12.1 
Protocol Adherence 
Investigators must adhere to the protocol as detailed in this document and agree that the Sponsor 
must approve any change to the protocol prior to seeking approval from the IRB/IEC. 
Investigators will be responsible for enrolling only those subjects who have met all the protocol 
inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria, or must have obtained prior approval from the 
Medical Monitor for deviations from the study inclusion/exclusion criteria. 
12.2 
Disclosure 
All information provided regarding the study, as well as all information collected/documented 
during the course of the study will be regarded as confidential. The Investigator agrees not to 
disclose such information in any way without prior written permission from the Sponsor.  
Any publication of the results, either in part or in total (articles in journals or newspapers, oral 
presentations, abstracts, etc.) by the Investigator(s) or their representative(s), shall require prior 
notification and review, within a reasonable time frame, by the Sponsor, and cannot be made in 
violation of the Sponsor’s confidentiality restrictions or to the detriment of the Sponsor’s 
intellectual property rights. 
12.3 
Case Report Forms 
Electronic or paper-based case report forms (eCRF or CRF, respectively) may be used for this 
study. The Sponsor will provide paper-based CRFs or appropriate data entry screens for 
electronic data capture to allow for the recording of all information and study data as specified 
by this protocol. All CRFs must be completed by the examining personnel or data coordinator. 
Each Investigator is responsible for ensuring that accurate eCRFs or paper-based CRFs are 
submitted to the Sponsor in a timely manner. 
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12.4 
Source Document Maintenance 
Source documents are defined as documentation related to original observations and activities of 
a clinical investigation. Source documents may include, but are not limited to, study progress 
notes, e-mail correspondences, computer printouts, laboratory data, and recorded data from 
automated instruments. All source documents produced in this study will be maintained by the 
Investigator and made available for inspection by the Sponsor, regulatory authorities, or both. 
The original signed informed consent document, signed by the subject (or other legally 
acceptable representative), for each participating subject shall be filed with records kept by the 
Investigator, and a copy of each given to the subject. 
12.5 
Study Monitoring Requirements 
The Sponsor will designate a Sponsor’s Study Monitor (i.e., clinical research associate (CRA)) 
who will be responsible for monitoring this clinical trial. The Sponsor’s Study Monitor will 
monitor the study conduct; insure the proper completion and retention of source documentation 
completion and retention, accurate study drug accountability records and prompt data entry to 
CRF. To this end, the Sponsor’s Study Monitor will visit the study site at suitable intervals and 
be in frequent contact through verbal and written communication. It is essential that the 
Sponsor’s Study Monitor have access to all documents (related to the study and the individual 
participants) at any time these are requested. In turn, the Sponsor’s Study Monitor will adhere to 
all requirements for subject confidentiality as outlined in the Informed consent form (ICF). The 
Investigator(s) or their representative(s) will be expected to cooperate with the Sponsor’s Study 
Monitor, to be available during a portion of the monitoring visit to answer questions, and to 
provide any missing information. Investigator(s) or their representative(s) are required to respond 
in writing to any deficiencies or protocol deviations noted by the monitor in the site visit report. 
12.6 
Quality Control and Quality Assurance 
Accurate, consistent and reliable data will be ensured through the use of standard practices and 
procedures. Site initiation visits will be conducted at the clinical site. Experienced CRAs will 
monitor the study and verify that the data is accurate. Sponsor may contract with a qualified 
contract research organization(s) (CRO) to perform the data management of this trial. The 
Medical Monitor, CRAs and site personnel will be trained by the CRO and/or Sponsor. 
Drug Safety Reporting will be the responsibility of Sponsor or its representative. System backups 
for data stored at the CRO/Sponsor, and records retention for the study data will be consistent 
with the standard procedures for the CRO/Sponsor. 
12.7 
Study Completion 
The Sponsor requires the following data and materials before a study can be considered complete 
or terminated: 
1. Laboratory findings, clinical data, and all special test results from baseline through the 
Study Termination. 
2. Data collection using paper-based CRFs (including correction forms) or eCRFs properly 
completed by appropriate study personnel and signed and dated by the Investigator. 
3. Complete drug accountability records (drug inventory log and an inventory of returned or 
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destroyed clinical material). 
4. Copies of protocol amendments and IRB/ independent ethics committee (IEC) approval 
and notification, if appropriate. 
5. A summary of the study prepared by the Investigator (an IRB/IEC summary letter is 
acceptable.). 
 
13.0 
PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS AND GENERAL STUDY 
ADMINISTRATION 
This study will be conducted in compliance with the ICH of Technical Requirements for 
Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use E6 Good Clinical Practice (GCP); Consolidated 
Guidelines, the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki; FDA GCP guidelines: and any 
additional national or IRB/IEC-required procedures. 
13.1 
Informed Consent 
This study will be conducted in compliance with ICH E6 GCP: Consolidated Guidelines 
pertaining to informed consent. Each subject or other legally acceptable representative will give 
written consent for the subject to participate in the study prior to initiation of any study-related 
procedures, after having been informed about the nature and purpose of the study, participation 
and termination conditions, risks, and benefits. The informed consent document must be signed 
and dated by the subject (or legal representative) and the subject’s consent process must be 
documented prior to the subject’s study participation. A copy of the informed consent document 
must be provided to the subject. If applicable, it will be provided in certified translation for non-
English-speaking subjects. Signed informed consent forms must remain in the subject’s study 
file and be available for verification by the Sponsor, regulatory authorities, or both, at any time.  
13.2 
Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval 
In accordance with 21 CFR 56, the protocol, advertisement, and Informed Consent Form (ICF) 
and assents will be reviewed and approved by the IRB. The Sponsor will supply relevant 
material for the Investigator to submit to the IRB for the protocol’s review and approval. 
Verification of the IRB unconditional approval of the protocol, the written ICF any 
advertisement materials will be transmitted to the Investigator. Approval by the IRB of the 
protocol, informed consent document any advertisement materials must be obtained before the 
study may be initiated. 
The IRB will be informed by the Investigator(s) or their representative(s) of subsequent protocol 
amendments and of serious and unexpected AEs and ARs. Approval for protocol amendments 
will be transmitted in writing to the Investigator. If requested, the Investigator(s) or their 
representative(s) will permit audits by the IRB and Regulatory inspections by providing direct 
access to source data/documents.  
The Investigator(s) or their representative(s) will provide the IRB with progress reports at 
appropriate intervals (not to exceed one year) and a Study Progress Report following the 
completion, termination, or discontinuation of the Investigator(s)’ participation in the study. 
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14.0 
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING 
The results from Screening and data collected during the study will be recorded in the subject’s 
CRF (either paper or electronic CRF). To maintain confidentiality, only numbers and/or initials 
will identify the subjects. 
Training sessions, regular monitoring of the investigative site by Sponsor-designated personnel, 
instruction manuals, data verification, crosschecking, and audits will be performed to ensure 
quality of all study data.  
The Sponsor will review and validate study data as defined in the data-monitoring plan. 
It will be the responsibility of the Investigator to ensure that the essential documents are 
available in the Investigator’s files or at the institutional site. Any or all of these documents may 
be subject to, and should be available for, monitoring by the Sponsor or inspection by the 
regulatory authorities as defined in the monitoring plan. 
If applicable, the completed CRFs will be transferred to the Sponsor or designee and the 
Investigator will retain copies of each CRF. All source documents, records, and reports will be 
retained by the study site in accordance with 21 CFR 312.62(c). All primary data, or copies 
thereof (e.g., laboratory records, CRFs, data sheets, correspondence, radiology reports, 
photographs, and computer records), which are a result of the original observations and activities 
of the study and are necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of any study report, will be 
retained in the study site archives. 
14.1 
Direct Access to Source Data/Documents 
The Investigator agrees by his or her participation that the results of this study may be used for 
submission to national or international registration authorities. If required, these authorities will 
be provided with the names of the Investigator, and his or her address, qualifications, and extent 
of involvement. It is understood that the Investigator is required to provide the Sponsor with all 
study data, complete reports, and access to all study records. 
Data generated by this study must be available for inspection by any regulatory authorities, by 
the Sponsor, and by the IRB/IEC, as appropriate. At the request of the subject medical 
information may be given to the subject’s personal physician or other appropriate medical 
personnel responsible for his or her welfare. Medical information obtained from subjects during 
the course of this study is confidential and disclosure to third parties other than those noted 
above is prohibited. 
14.2 
Archiving of Data 
The Investigator shall arrange for the retention of the subject identification codes for at least 15 
years after completion or discontinuation of the study. Subject files and other source data shall be 
kept for the maximum period of time permitted by the hospital or institution. The Investigator 
shall retain the trial related essential documents until the Sponsor informs the Investigator these 
documents are no longer needed.  
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All data and documents shall be made available at the request of relevant authorities. The 
Investigator shall inform the Sponsor before any records are destroyed. 
15.0 
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
This study will be conducted according to US and international standards of Good Clinical 
Practice (FDA regulations 21 CFR 312 for IND studies and FDA guidance E6) for all studies. 
All subjects for this study will be provided a consent form describing this study and providing 
sufficient information for subjects to make an informed decision about their participation in this 
study. This consent form will be submitted with the protocol for review and approval by the IRB. 
The formal consent of a subject, using the IRB-approved consent form, will be obtained before 
that subject is submitted to any study procedure. The subject or legally acceptable surrogate must 
sign this consent form, and the investigator-designated research professional obtaining the 
consent. 
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16.0 
REFERENCES 
1. 
Avastin (bevacizumab). US FDA-approved product information. US National Library of 
Medicine. (Available online at www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov, accessed on February 26, 
2010). 
2. 
Basaria S. “Effects of Testosterone Replacement on Pain Perception, Pain Tolerance and 
Quality of Life in Men with Opioid-Induced Androgen Deficiency: A Randomized 
Controlled Trial” #LB-FP-6. Presented at: The Endocrine Society Annual Meeting and 
Expo; June 15-18, 2013; San Francisco. 
3. 
Brzezniak C, Schmitz BA, Peterson PG, Degesys A, Oronsky BT, Scicinski JJ, Caroen 
SZ, Carter CA: RRx-001-Induced Tumor Necrosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in an 
EGFR Mutation-Positive NSCLC with Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: 
A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2016 (9):45–50. 
4. 
Camptosar (irinotecan hydrochloride injection). US FDA-approved product information. 
US National Library of Medicine. (Available online at www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov, 
accessed on February 26, 2010).  
5. 
Chibaudel B, Tournigand C, André T, de Gramont A. “Therapeutic strategy in 
unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer” (2012): Ther Adv Med Oncol. 4(2): 75–89. 
6. 
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 21CRF312. 
7. 
Definity® April 2008 Package Insert. 
8. 
Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. “New response evaluation criteria in solid 
tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)” (2009): Eur J Cancer. 45(2): 228–247. 
9. 
Fluorouracil (fluorouracil injection, USP). US FDA-approved product information. US 
National Library of Medicine. (Available online at www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov, accessed 
on February 26, 2010). 
10. 
Goldberg RM. (2013) ASCO Annual Meeting Research Round Up - Colorectal Cancer. 
11. 
Goldberg RM. “Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer” (2006): The Oncologist, 
11:981–987. 
12. 
Haggar FA, Boushey RP. “Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology: Incidence, Mortality, 
Survival, and Risk Factors” (2009): Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 22(4): 191–197. 
13. 
Hess GP, Wang PF, Quach D, Barber B, Zhao Z. “Systemic Therapy for Metastatic 
Colorectal Cancer: Patterns of Chemotherapy and Biologic Therapy Use in US Medical 
Oncology Practice” (2010): J Oncol Pract, 6:301–307. 
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14. 
Iacopetta B, Russo A, Bazan V, Dardanoni G, Gebbia N, Soussi T, et al.: “Functional 
categories of TP53 mutation in colorectal cancer: results of an International Collaborative 
Study.” (2006) Ann Oncol. 17(5): 842-847. 
15. 
Iacopetta B. “TP53 mutation in colorectal cancer.” (2003) Hum Mutat. 21(3):271-6. 
16. 
Inokuma T, Haraguchi M, Fujita F, Tajima Y, Kanematsu T. "Oxidative stress and tumor 
progression in colorectal cancer.” (2009) Hepatogastroenterology, 56(90):343-7 
17. 
International Committee on Harmonization (ICH) E6 (April 1996): Good Clinical 
Practices, Guidance for Industry. 
18. 
Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, et al., editors. Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 
6th edition. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker; 2003. Available from: 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK12354/ 
19. 
MAGNEVIST® 
(brand of gadopentetate dimeglumine) (December 14, 2010) Package 
insert. 
20. 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), (March 2011) Version 14.0. 
21. 
National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI 
CTCAE) Version 4.03 (June 14, 2010). 
22. 
Ning S, Bednarski M, Oronsky B, Scicinski J, Saul G, Knox SJ.  “Dinitroazetidines are a 
novel class of anticancer agents and hypoxia-activated radiation sensitizers developed 
from highly energetic materials” (2012): Cancer Res. 15;72(10):2600-8.  PMID: 
22589277 
23. 
Oken, MM, Creech, RH, Tormey, DC, Horton, J, Davis, TE, McFadden, ET, Carbone, 
PP. “Toxicity And Response Criteria Of The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.” 
(1982): Am J Clin Oncol 5:649-655. 
24. 
Oronsky B, Oronsky N, Scicinski J, Fanger G, Lybeck M, Reid T. “Rewriting the 
Epigenetic Code for Tumor Resensitization: A Review.” (2014) Trans Onc. 7:626–631. 
25. 
Reid T, Dad S, Korn R, Oronsky B, Knox S, Scicinski J: “Two Case Reports of 
Resensitization to Previous Chemotherapy with the Novel Hypoxia-Activated 
Hypomethylating Anticancer Agent RRx-001 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients” 
(2014) Case Rep Oncol.7:79–85. 
26. 
Sargent DJ, Niedzwiecki D, O'Connell MJ, Schilsky RL. “Recommendation for caution 
with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for colorectal cancer.” (2001) N Engl J Med. 
345:144–145. 
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27. 
Scicinski J, Oronsky B, Taylor M, Luo G, Musick T, Marini J, Adams C M, Fitch W L. 
“Preclinical Evaluation of the Metabolism and Disposition of RRx-001, a Novel 
Investigative Anticancer Agent” (2012): Drug Metab Dispos 40:1810–1816. 
28. 
Wang Y, Moss J, Thisted R. “Predictors of body surface area”  (1992): J Clin Anesth 4:4-
10. 
29. 
Warenius HM, Workman P, Bleehen NM. “Response of a high-glucuronidase human 
tumour xenograft to aniline mustard.” (1982) Br J Cancer. 45(1): 27–34.  
30. 
West, J. “Immunotherapy and the Concept of “Pseudo-Progression”” From: 
http://www.lungevity.org/immunotherapy-and-concept-of-pseudo-progression 
 
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Appendix 1: 
Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) Performance Status 
ECOG PERFORMANCE STATUS* 
 
Grade 
ECOG 
0 
Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction 
1 
Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out 
work of a light or sedentary nature, e.g., light house work, office work 
2 
Ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry out any work 
activities. Up and about more than 50% of waking hours 
3 
Capable of only limited self-care, confined to bed or chair more than 50% of 
waking hours 
4 
Completely disabled. Cannot carry on any self-care. Totally confined to bed or 
chair 
5 
Dead 
 
* As published in Am. J. Clin. Oncol.:Oken, M.M., Creech, R.H., Tormey, D.C., Horton, J., Davis, T.E., McFadden, 
E.T., Carbone, P.P.: Toxicity And Response Criteria Of The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin 
Oncol 5:649-655, 1982.  
 
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Appendix 2: 
Bioassay Sample Collection 
-Removed- 
No Exploratory Biomarkers in this Amendment 
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Appendix 3: 
Biopsy Tissue and/or Slides Collection and Shipping General Guidelines 
Cancers are often heterogeneous in molecular pathogenesis, clinical course, and treatment 
responsiveness. The ability to develop biomarkers which correlate with prognostic and predictive 
activity of RRx-001 and then select subjects in phase 1b or II with susceptible tumors based on 
the analysis of a unique biomarker ‘signature’ would be invaluable. EpicentRx has preliminary 
evidence that immunohistochemical markers predict benefit from RRx-001, and it may be 
possible to assay the marker in archived specimens. 
Therefore EpicentRx proposes to collect convenience samples of fixed archival tissue specimens, 
if they happen to be available, and assay them with immunohistochemistry for prognostic and 
predictive markers, with no prospectively determined subject eligibility, power calculations, or 
analytical plans. An expert tumor biologist will process the samples. In some cases where 
applicable these archival specimens will be compared with ‘freshly cut’ tumor samples from the 
same subject. 
The data from these samples may be published. It is not known whether archived specimens 
collected for unknown reasons, processed and stored in a variety of ways, that happen to be 
available for assay, will yield meaningful biological information. 
 
Biopsy tissue and/or slides may be sent to a pathologist for an independent reading.  
 
If requested, send tissue or slides to: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 
 
• The specimen should be representative. 
• Tissue specimens optimally are received fresh/unfixed.  
• Always use a sharp razor blade or scalpel to avoid crushing tissue.  
• Excisional or incisional biopsies are generally preferred.  
• Needle aspiration is discouraged.  
• Avoid necrotic areas of tumor. 
• Specimens should contain the following information: 
o Clinical Information: 
 RRx-001 study 
 Institution name 
 Subject identifier  
 Identification as either pre- or post-treatment with RRx-001 specimen 
 Responsible physician(s) 
 Date of procedure  
o Procedure (e.g., core biopsy, wedge biopsy) 
o Anatomic site(s) of specimen  
Note: De-identify ALL study participants’ personal identifying information (participant 
name, medical record number, social security number, etc.) on all of the material before 
sending to the central pathologist. 
• Macroscopic Examination:  
o Specimen: 
 Unfixed/fixed (specify fixative) 
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 Number of pieces 
 Dimensions 
 Descriptive features (e.g., hemorrhage, necrosis) 
 Primary tumor or metastasis 
 Orientation, if designated by surgeon 
o Tissue submitted for microscopic examination, as appropriate: 
 Entire specimen 
 Selected sample 
o Additional pathologic findings, if present (e.g., necrosis). 
• Labels should be attached to each tissue block.  
• Ship samples on ice packs to prevent sample degradation in transit: 
o Cold Ice Pack Shipping: Pack secondary containers in a styrofoam container with cold 
pack and sufficient packing material to maintain temperature: 
 Seal the Styrofoam container with tape. 
 Place the sealed Styrofoam container in a durable shipping cardboard box.  
o Frozen Dry Ice Pack Shipping: Pack secondary containers in a styrofoam container 
with dry ice and sufficient packing material to maintain temperature: 
 Seal the Styrofoam container with tape. 
 Place the sealed Styrofoam container in a durable shipping cardboard box. 
 Label the shipping box with DRY ICE labels; note the weight of the dry ice on the 
label. 
• Ship overnight express to central storage at Uniformed Services University of the Health 
Sciences, Bethesda, MD:  
 
Attn:  Prof Regina Day 
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 
Department of Pharmacology 
Room C2051 
4301 Jones Bridge Road 
Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799 
 
Phone: (301) 295-3236 
FAX: (301) 295-3220 
Email: regina.day@usuhs.edu 
Please send samples so that they arrive on weekdays. No weekend shipping. Please email Prof Regina 
Day and the Sponsor to notify of intended shipment prior to shipment.  
Full details will be provided in a separate Lab Manual 
 
• The central pathology lab will confirm receipt of the specimens.  
Note: If there are problems with the specimen and shipment contents, the central pathology 
facility will contact the clinical study coordinator at the respective clinical site to inquire 
and resolve the issue. 
• The central pathologist will cut the necessary slides and send the tissue block back to the 
originator site.  
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Expenses related to pathology specimens and shipment: All costs incurred at the local site as 
a result of obtaining pathology specimens and the Sponsor will pay for shipment of the 
specimens. 
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Appendix 4: 
Quality of Life Questionnaire – EORTC QLQ-C30 
The EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3) questionnaire will be used to assess changes in subject’s 
Quality of Life. This will be applied at each study visit before any other procedure. The 
questionnaire will take 11-12 min to complete (see next page). 
 
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EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3)  
 
We are interested in some things about you and your health. Please answer all of the questions yourself by 
circling the number that best applies to you. There are no "right" or "wrong" answers. The information 
that you provide will remain strictly confidential. 
 
Please fill in your initials: 
__ __ __ 
Your birthdate (Month, Day, Year): 
__ __ / __ __ / __ __ __ __ 
Today's date (Month, Day, Year):  
  
__ __ / __ __ / __ __ __ __ 
______________________________________________________________________________________ 
 
       NOT AT     A 
QUITE   VERY  
 
         ALL     LITTLE A BIT   MUCH 
1. 
Do you have any trouble doing strenuous activities,  
 
like carrying a heavy shopping bag or a suitcase? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
2. 
Do you have any trouble taking a long walk? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
3. 
Do you have any trouble taking a short walk outside of the house? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
4. 
Do you need to stay in bed or a chair during the day? 
1 
2 
3 
4  
 
5. 
Do you need help with eating, dressing, washing  
 
yourself or using the toilet? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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DURING THE PAST WEEK:  
 
 
      NOT AT 
  A 
QUITE VERY 
 
         ALL     LITTLE A BIT MUCH 
 
6. 
Were you limited in doing either your work or other daily activities? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
7. 
Were you limited in pursuing your hobbies or other 
 
leisure time activities? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
8. 
Were you short of breath? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
9. 
Have you had pain? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
10. Did you need to rest? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
11. Have you had trouble sleeping? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
12. Have you felt weak? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
13. Have you lacked appetite? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
14. Have you felt nauseated? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
15. Have you vomited? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
16. Have you been constipated? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 
Please go on to the next page 
 
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DURING THE PAST WEEK:  
 
 
      NOT AT 
  A 
QUITE VERY 
 
         ALL     LITTLE A BIT MUCH 
17. Have you had diarrhea? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
18. Were you tired? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
19. Did pain interfere with your daily activities? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
20. Have you had difficulty in concentrating on things, 
 
like reading a newspaper or watching television? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
21. Did you feel tense? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
22. Did you worry? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
23. Did you feel irritable? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
24. Did you feel depressed? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
25. Have you had difficulty remembering things? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
26. Has your physical condition or medical treatment 
 
interfered with your family life? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
27. Has your physical condition or medical treatment 
 
interfered with your social activities? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
28. Has your physical condition or medical treatment 
 
caused you financial difficulties? 
1 
2 
3 
4 
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FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS PLEASE CIRCLE THE NUMBER 
BETWEEN 1 AND 7 THAT BEST APPLIES TO YOU 
 
29. How would you rate your overall health during the past week? 
 
 
 1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
 
 Very poor 
 
 
 
 
 
Excellent 
 
 
30. How would you rate your overall quality of life during the past week? 
 
 
 1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
 
 Very poor 
 
 
 
 
 
Excellent 
 
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Appendix 5: 
RECIST v1.1 and Immune Related Response Criteria 
 
 
Reproduced from:  Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J et al.  New response evaluation criteria in solid 
tumours:  Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1).  Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:228-247. 
 
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Immune Related Response Criteria 
 
Bidimensional irRC assessment [Wolchok et al 2009] 
Measurable lesions 
≥5×5 mm by bidimensional measurements 
Measurement of each lesion 
The longest diameter × the longest perpendicular diameter 
(cm2) 
The sum of the measurements 
The sum of the bidimensional measurements of all target 
lesions and new lesions if any 
Response assessment 
PD: ≥25% increase from the nadir 
PR: ≥50% decrease from baseline 
CR: Disappearance of all lesions 
New lesions 
The presence of new lesion(s) does not define progression. 
The measurements of the new lesion(s) are included in the 
sum of the measurements. 
Confirmation 
Confirmation by two consecutive observations not less than 
4 weeks apart was required for CR, PR and PD 
 
 
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Appendix 6: 
CEUS Imaging Protocol  
Purpose 
• 
To assess tumor response before and after treatment with RRx-001 with CEUS via 
measurement of tumor blood volume and perfusion 
• 
To assess tumor response with irinotecan post-RRx-001 at least a week post start of 
irinotecan therapy. 
• 
CEUS Imaging will be carried out at Stanford University only 
 
Methodology 
• 
CEUS will be performed in patients with liver metastases prior to infusion of RRx-001 
(baseline) and at the end of infusion in accordance with the Schedule of Assessments.  
• 
The decision as to who (which patients), on what therapies and when to image at any 
given time is entirely at the discretion of the Stanford University PI, Dr. George Fisher, 
and the Stanford University radiologist, Dr. Juergen Willmann 
 
Contrast Agent 
• 
Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., North Billerica, MA) given as a bolus or infusion 
via peripheral IV catheter in the forearm of the patient opposite the side of the ultrasound 
examination 
• 
Recommended dosage as a bolus: (1) 10 microliters (μL)/kg of the activated product by 
intravenous bolus injection within 30-60 seconds, followed by a 10 mL saline flush 
• 
Recommended dosage as an IV infusion: 1.3 mL of the activated product added to 30 mL of 
preservative-free saline where the rate of infusion should be initiated at 2.0-4.0 mL/minute 
but titrated as necessary to achieve optimal image enhancement 
 
CEUS Procedure 
• 
Image tumors larger than 2 cm in the longest diameter plane 
• 
Assess tumor morphology with B-mode 
• 
Identify target tumor and select best acoustic window for its assessment 
• 
Measure maximum width, length, and depth of the tumor with electronic calipers 
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• 
Calculate the tumor volume with the formula for a prolate ellipsoid (volume cm3 = length cm 
* width cm * height cm * π6) 
• 
After determination of the largest tumor cross-section in sagittal or parasagittal plane, fix the 
transducer in place and set the contrast specific imaging parameters 
• 
Keep all parameters including gain settings, focus, and depth as well as the position of the 
probe with respect to the lesion scan plane constant during the study 
• 
Quantify 
perfusion 
parameters 
with 
destruction-replenishment 
analysis 
produce 
microbubble-replenishment time-intensity curves 
o 
Image contrast microbubbles without disruption at a low acoustic amplitude pressure or 
mechanical index (MI) 
o 
Increase the acoustic pressure amplitude for a few frames causing bubble disruption; 
immediately after that, return imaging is returned to the non-disrupting level to observe 
the replenishment of the microbubbles into the ROI. This effectively creates a negative 
bolus within the imaging plane, which decays as inflow of fresh bubbles replenishes the 
vasculature. The initial rate of replenishment is related to flow; the steady state to 
vascular volume. 
 
Imaging Schema 
Screening/Baseline 
C1W1 
C1W2 
C1W3 
C1W4 
C2W1 
C2W2 
C2W3 
C2W4 
 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
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Appendix 7: 
Additional Information About Irinotecan Toxicity  
The most common toxicities associated with irinotecan, which is generally well tolerated, are 
neutropenia, anemia, delayed diarrhea, and fatigue (Sargent, 2001). In subjects with an elevated 
bilirubin >2 mg/dL, 5-FU plus bevacizumab may be preferable to irinotecan, as dose reductions are 
not necessary to avoid the potential for severe toxicity. In case of ileus, fever or febrile 
neutropenia, prompt supportive care is necessary including the use of antibiotics. The Warnings 
Section excerpted below from the package insert describes the risks associated with irinotecan 
administration (Camptosar, US FDA-approved product information). 
Figure 4: 
Excerpt from the Package Insert for Irinotecan Hydrochloride Describing 
Observed Toxicity Associated with its Use 
 
 
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Appendix 8: 
Acceptable Infusion Sets 
Acceptable infusion sets are based on the in-use stability studies and are fully described in the 
Pharmacy Manual. 
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Appendix 9: 
Study Schema 
  
 
 
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Appendix 10: 
Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (revised version)  
 
 
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ICF_001.pdf: 
Principal Investigator:  [INSERT] 
IRB Approval: [INSERT] 
 
Page 1 of 27 
EpicentRx RRx-001-21-02, Amendment 07 
Protocol Dated: 25 February 2016 
02/25, CWP 
[INSERT SITE NAME] 
Consent to Act as a Research Subject 
 
 
A Phase 2 Randomized, Open-Label Study of RRx-001 vs Regorafenib in Subjects with 
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 
Protocol No.  RRx001-21-02 
 
 
INTRODUCTION: 
[INSERT PI Name] and his colleagues are conducting a research study sponsored by EpicentRx 
Inc. to find out more about the experimental drug called RRx-001.  You are being asked to take 
part because you have colorectal cancer. 
Your participation in this research study is voluntary.  The purpose of this Informed Consent 
Form is to inform you about the nature of this research study so that you may make an informed 
decision as to whether you would like to participate.  If you have any questions, please ask your 
study doctor or coordinator to explain any words or information that you do not understand. 
 
PURPOSE 
The purpose of this study is to test the survival of subjects with advanced metastatic colorectal 
cancer that is not responsive (meaning standard treatments are not working), when given the 
investigational drug, RRx-001, compared to the standard drug, regorafenib. 
This study is also being done to see how safe an investigational drug (RRx-001) is compared to 
the standard drug, regorafenib, and if it can resensitize your tumors, in other words make them 
susceptible again to treatments which you previously received, but failed.  
The study has two stages of treatment: during the first stage you will be treated with either RRx-
001 or regorafenib until your tumor(s) stop responding (disease progression). At this time you 
will enter the second stage and receive irinotecan, provided that you are well enough to receive 
it. When and if you progress on irinotecan, your participation in the study will end. 
RRx-001 is a drug that selectively and temporarily changes the blood flow to tumors and 
increases the production and delivery of free radicals (unstable particles in your body).  Both the 
changes in blood flow and increase in free radicals may help prevent the tumor from growing.  It 
is believed RRx-001 selectively targets tissues with low levels of oxygen.  Compared to healthy 
tissues that have higher levels of oxygen, tumor tissues have a low-oxygen environment.  RRx-
001 is then thought to deliver the free radicals to the cancerous tissue with the low oxygen, 
causing their targeted destruction without harming the healthy cells. Colorectal cancer is thought 
to be especially vulnerable to free radicals.  
In addition to free radical delivery, RRx-001 has been found to activate the immune system to 
attack tumors, which sometimes makes it difficult to interpret the CT scans, since as you may 


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have seen if you’ve ever tried to “pop” a pimple, immune cells, which rush in to the area to 
repair the damage, cause inflammation and swelling that only gets better over time. What is true 
for pimples is also true for tumors: when inflammation occurs due to entry of immune cells the 
tumors may look angry and aggravated, as if they’re worse, when, in fact, they’re better. The 
longer the physician waits to scan the tumors, the greater the chance that he or she will see them 
when they’re getting smaller, in the same way that it may take several weeks for a popped 
pimple to look less inflamed.  
RRx-001, which is considered experimental because the FDA has not approved it, will be 
compared to an FDA approved drug called regorafenib.  Regorafenib is a drug that has been 
approved by the FDA to treat colon cancer after previous chemotherapies have failed to be 
effective.  Regorafenib blocks the cancer cells from growing. 
Participation in this study is entirely voluntary.  Approximately 190 subjects will take part in this 
study at [INSERT SITE] and up to ten (10) other sites in the US.    
 
DURATION OF THE STUDY / HOW LONG IS EACH VISIT? 
While you participate in this study, you may receive RRx-001, regorafenib (in Stage 1) or 
irinotecan (in Stage 2) for as long as your disease is not progressing and you can tolerate the 
treatment; study dosing will stop when your cancer progresses (gets worse), the side effects 
become unacceptable, the study ends, or you withdraw your consent; whichever comes first. 
Each of your study visits should not last more than 8 hours. 
 
PROCEDURES 
The study will consist of 3 periods:  
1) A Screening Period (up to 28 days before receiving your first dose of RRx-001 or 
regorafenib)  
2) A Treatment Period, which will continue indefinitely until your cancer has progressed or 
you develop intolerable side effects. The Treatment Period will consist of two stages 
followed by the option to receive additional therapies: 
• ‘Stage 1’ – You will be randomly assigned to a study ‘arm’ and receive either 
RRx-001 or regorafenib 
− When your tumors progress during ‘Stage 1,’ the doctor will determine, 
based on your tumors and overall health, if you are eligible to enter ‘Stage 2.’  
• ‘Stage 2’ – You will receive irinotecan.  
Each of these stages will continue indefinitely until your cancer has progressed or you 
develop intolerable side effects.  If / when your tumor(s) progress during ‘Stage 2’, 
you will proceed to the “Post-treatment Survival Follow-Up Period”.  
  


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3) A Post-treatment Survival Follow-Up Period. During the post-dosing follow-up phase, 
which will begin after discontinuation of RRx-001, regorafenib or irinotecan, you will be 
observed to see how you are feeling and any subsequent anti-cancer therapies that you 
receive. This post-treatment survival phase will continue until you withdraw consent, or 
the study ends, whichever occurs first. 
 
 
STUDY PROCEDURES 
Screening Period 
The Screening Period will last approximately 28 days.  If you agree to be in this research study, 
you will be asked to sign this consent form before the following screening procedures are 
performed to determine if you are eligible for the study.  These screening tests may be performed 
over multiple days and can take between 4 and 8 hours to complete.  
• A physical examination. 
• An occupational, family, social and medical history which will include questions about 
your cancer diagnosis and treatment as well as your health and any past or present 
medical problems and a review of medications, vitamins, and dietary supplements you 
have taken in the past or are taking now. 
• Your physician will administer a questionnaire called Edmonton Symptom Assessment 
System (revised) (ESASr). This questionnaire reviews nine symptoms common in 
patients with advanced cancer: pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, 
appetite, wellbeing and shortness of breath, (there is also a line labeled “Other Problem”). 
The severity of each symptom is rated from 0 to 10 on a numerical scale, 0 meaning that 
the symptom is absent and 10 meaning that it is the worst. The ESASr will provide your 
physician with the framework or context to follow how severe your symptoms are over 
time. If your symptoms get worse, possibly indicating that the tumor is not responding to 
treatment, the doctor or study team may schedule an earlier imaging scan (i.e., CT or 
MRI) of your tumor before the scheduled twelve (12) week scan.  
• Measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (including sitting blood pressure, 
heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• A urine sample for standard urine analysis  
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). The blood will be collected from a vein in 
your arm. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to examine and analyze the genes and 
proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your arm 
• A pregnancy test if you are female and able to get pregnant.  You must have a negative 
pregnancy test to enter this study and receive RRx-001 or regorafenib.  Women, or men 


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whose partner is of child bearing potential will be asked to continue the use of non-
hormonal methods of birth control while in the study and for up to 30 days after 
withdrawal from the study.  
• CT or MRI imaging of your tumor(s). 
o The CT scanner is a free-standing machine with a large hole in the center.  You 
will be asked to lie on your back with your arms raised above your head on a 
narrow table that slides into the hole.  Subjects who have difficulty with enclosed 
spaces such as those found with some MRI scanners do not usually have a 
problem with this type of test.  A dye may be injected into a peripheral vein (veins 
in the arms, feet, legs and hands that supply oxygenated blood to the body) to 
better evaluate certain diseases and organs.  The radiologist will decide if this is 
necessary.  Tell the technician or radiologist if you have any allergies to contrast 
dye or have had difficulty with prior CT scans.  It is very important that you 
remain still throughout the exam and hold your breath when asked.  This will 
allow for better images.  The actual scan time is usually about two minutes, 
although the entire procedure may take up to 2 hours. 
o Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be done to measure your tumor.  This 
will involve lying still inside the center of a large, doughnut-shaped magnet for 
approximately 30-60 minutes. 
o During Stage 1 (treatment with RRx-001 or regorafenib), the imaging of your 
tumor(s) will be performed at twelve (12) weeks instead of the normal eight (8) 
weeks.  
 It is believed that RRx-001 works in part by recruiting immune cells to 
attack the inside or center of the tumors, which is sometimes really 
confusing to interpret on CT scans because all of the swelling and dead 
cell debris in the middle contributes to the impression that these tumors 
are much larger even though, technically speaking, they really aren’t. The 
situation is similar to the phrase that you might have read before on the 
passenger car mirror of practically every modern car: “objects in the 
mirror are closer than they appear”; in the same way, physicians may 
misjudge the actual size of the RRx-001-treated tumors and make the 
decision to stop treatment even though the tumors haven’t actually 
progressed. The word for tumors that change their appearance over time, 
first flaring up before becoming smaller is “pseudoprogression”, with the 
first part, “pseudo”, meaning false and the second part, “progression”, 
meaning worsening. Since it takes time for the tumor to shrink and the 
appearance of ‘false worsening’ or pseudoprogression to improve, the 
imaging has been postponed from 8 weeks to 12 weeks on the basis that 
the longer the time between scans the greater the chance that the tumors 
will look smaller, if pseudoprogression is really taking place. Just in case 
12 weeks is not enough time to tell the difference between true 
progression and pseudoprogression, the physician may decide to keep you 


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on RRx-001 for another 4 weeks before rescanning. If at this time (16 
weeks) the tumors don’t look any better or have even grown past a certain 
size limit, then your physician is required to stop or discontinue RRx-001 
and re-start irinotecan therapy.  
• 3-D (Dimensional) Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) is a procedure that observes 
the blood flow in a particular region of interest, in this case liver masses or metastases. 
Practically, CEUS consists of an injection of a microbubbles (small organic bubbles 
smaller than 1mm in size), prepared at the time of use, at the bedside, into a vein in the 
arm. This is followed by an injection of saline solution. These microbubbles, which travel 
through the whole body, eventually reaching the vessels of the tumor, irregularly reflect 
the ultrasound ‘echoes’ to form (with the help of a computer processor) 3-D images of 
the flow of blood through the tumor blood vessels. All the while the liver mass or 
metastasis is continuously observed on the monitor. There are very few risks practically 
speaking, so the injection of microbubbles can be repeated as often as needed. This 
procedure is limited to RRx-001-treated subjects at Stanford University with 
imageable liver metastases and will be performed on selected subjects only at the 
following timepoints: 
o Cycle 1 Day 1, both before and after dosing with RRx-001 
o Cycle 1 Day 8 before RRx-001 dosing 
o Cycle 1 Day 22 before RRx-001 dosing 
o Cycle 2 Day 22 both before and after RRx-001 dosing 
o At least 1 week after the start of irinotecan dosing  
Each imaging session will last approximately from 20 min to 1 hour. The purpose of 3-D 
CEUS is to both follow response to treatment and to learn whether blood flow to liver 
metastases may predict response to treatment.   
• You will be asked to complete a Quality of Life (QOL) Questionnaire.  This 
questionnaire may take between 10 to 15 minutes to complete. 
Screening procedures for RRx-001 Patients only: If you are randomized (randomly assigned) to 
receive RRx-001 during the first (1st) stage of treatment, the following procedures will be 
performed: 
• FDG-PET will be done only if you are assigned (randomized) to the RRx-001 ‘arm.’ This 
is the same as a CT scan (see above) except that a different type of dye is used to make it 
easier to ‘see’ your tumor(s).  
 
• Tumor biopsy - you will most likely be scheduled to have a sample of your tumor(s) 
collected (biopsy) unless you have a previous sample that can be collected. This sample 
will be sent to a lab and studied to better understand your tumor(s). 


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Optional Procedures to be conducted during the study: 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to test for biomarkers.  Biomarkers are 
proteins in your blood and tissue that can be measured to assess your disease and your 
body’s response to the study drug.  This blood collection will be used for research. This 
procedure is optional. 
________  
Yes, you give permission to take part in these optional procedure. 
 
 
________ 
No, you do not give permission to take part in these optional procedure. 
 
 
 
                                                                  
 
_________________ 
Signature of Participant 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
 
• With your consent, small pieces of cancer tissue will be removed by either by surgery or 
by a needle before treatment with RRx-001 and after four (4) weeks of treatment with 
RRx-001. The research biopsy is done in a similar way to biopsies done for diagnosis. 
The sample will be analyzed for different biomarkers to measure response to treatment.  
• Common side effects of a biopsy are a small amount of bleeding at the time of the 
procedure, pain at the biopsy site, which can be treated with regular pain medications, 
and bruising. Rarely, an infection can occur. This procedure is optional. 
________  
Yes, you give permission to take part in these optional biopsy procedures. 
 
 
________ 
No, you do not give permission to take part in these optional biopsy procedures. 
 
 
 
                                                                  
 
_________________ 
Signature of Participant 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
 
 


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TREATMENT PERIOD 
If the exams, tests and procedures show that you can be in the study and you choose to take part, 
then you will be "randomized" into one of the study groups detailed below.  Randomization 
means that you are put into a group by chance.  A computer program will place you in one of the 
study groups.  Neither you, your doctor, nor the study sponsor can choose the group you will be 
in.  You will have a 66% chance (2 out of 3) of receiving RRx-001 and a 33 % chance (1 out of 
3) of receiving regorafenib.  Whether you are given RRx-001 or regorafenib, you will also 
receive best supportive care, which includes treatments to help manage side effects and 
symptoms of cancer.  This is an open label study, which means you will know to which group 
you are assigned.  
You will be scheduled to return to the study site for the Day 1 visit of the first (1st) stage of the 
Treatment Period. Additional study visits will occur for the RRx-001 subjects weekly. For the 
Regorafenib patients, additional study visits will occur every 2 weeks. You will be asked to 
continue the use of non-hormonal methods of birth control and to return to all required clinic 
visits during the entire Treatment Period of study. 
RRx-001 Group 
During Stage 1, if you are assigned to the RRx-001 group, you will be given the study drug once 
a week at a dose of 4 mg RRx-001 will be given to you while you are in the clinic through a vein 
in your arm over a period that will not be longer than 4 hours from the time that blood is 
withdrawn from a vein in your body. Approximately 30 minutes before the infusion, you will 
receive pre-medications such as dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, to help with any pain 
associated with the infusion. Sometimes it may be necessary to slow down the infusion and 
administer RRx-001 over a longer time. Based on any side effects you are experiencing, you and 
the Doctor will have the option to split the dose and deliver it on two separate days during the 
same week. 
Regorafenib Group 
If you are assigned to the regorafenib group, you will receive the regorafenib pills with 
instructions to take four 40mg pills (160mg) by mouth once daily on Days 1 through 21 of each 
cycle. You should take the Regorafenib pill with a low fat (less than 30%) meal. On Days 22 
through 28 you will not take any regorafenib pills.  Each cycle is 28 days long.  The dose of 
regorafenib that you take throughout the study may be continued, modified or interrupted 
according to treatment guidelines. You will be asked to complete a form called a ‘Dose Diary’ 
that records the time, day and number of tablets of regorafenib that you took and bring it with 
you when you come to the clinic. Typically, you will be asked to come to the clinic every two 
weeks during Stage 1.  
  


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Study Procedures – Stage 1 
Day 1 (±1 day), Cycle 1, Stage 1 
After you've completed the Screening Period, which will last approximately twenty-eight (28) 
days, you will be scheduled to return to the clinic for your first day of treatment with RRx-001 or 
regorafenib as part of Stage 1 of the Treatment Period. Each cycle is 4 weeks long.  The study 
staff will discuss with you the scheduling of this visit, based upon how long it takes to complete 
all the Screening Procedures.  The following tests and procedures will be performed: 
• You will be asked to complete a Quality Of Life (QOL) Questionnaire  
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• An ESASr will be performed unless one was performed in the 48 hours prior to C1D1, as 
a part of screening. 
• You will be asked about the medications you are currently taking (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to examine and analyze the genes and 
proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your arm 
• A pregnancy test if you are a woman and able to get pregnant. 
• If you are taking regorafenib, it will be dispensed to you on a monthly basis and you will 
receive instructions when and how often to take it.  You will be asked to keep a diary of 
all the pills you take daily and to bring back the bottle of regorafenib pills with you to 
each clinic visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 
• Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) may be performed before and after dosing to 
measure the blood flow of your liver metastases provided: 1) you are at Stanford 2) you 
are receiving RRx-001 and 3) in the opinion of the doctor you are a good candidate.  
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications, such as 
dexamethasone, a corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory medications), approximately 30 
minutes prior to RRx-001 administration.  RRx-001 will be administered to you in the 
following way: 100 milliliters (mLs) or approximately 14 tablespoons will be removed 
from a vein in your arm or chest and collected in a bag. From there, a specific amount of 
RRx-001 (4 mg) is mixed with the collected blood. Afterward, the RRx-001 + blood 
mixture is re-injected back into a vein in the chest or the arm over a time period that will 
not be longer than 4 hours from the time that the 100 mLs of blood was first removed. 
Schedule your next visit to the clinic. 


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IRB Approval: [INSERT] 
 
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Day 8 (±1 day), Cycle 1, Stage 1  
The day that you return to the clinic for your second (2nd) treatment with RRx-001 during Stage 
1 is called Cycle 1, Day 8. At this visit the Doctor and/or study staff will do the following:  
 
• Ask you about any side effects you are experiencing 
• Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) may be performed before dosing to measure the 
blood flow of your liver metastases provided: 1) you are at Stanford 2) you are receiving 
RRx-001 and 3) in the opinion of the doctor you are a good candidate.  
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications, such as 
dexamethasone, a corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory medications), approximately 30 
minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration.  
• Schedule your next visit to the clinic. 
 
Day 15 (±1 day), Cycle 1, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your third (3rd) treatment with RRx-001, or for the 
second (2nd) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1 is called Cycle 1, Day 15. The 
Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked to complete a Quality Of Life (QOL) Questionnaire  
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• An ESASr assessment will be performed. 
• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). This blood will be collected from a vein in 
your arm. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to examine and analyze the genes and 
proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your arm. 
• If you are taking regorafenib, you will be asked to keep a diary of all the pills you take 
daily and to bring back the bottle of regorafenib pills and the diary with you at this clinic 
visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 


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30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
Day 22 (±1 day), Cycle 1, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your fourth (4th) treatment with RRx-001 in Stage 1 is called 
Cycle 1, Day 22. This will be your last visit in the first (1st) four-week cycle. The Doctor and/or study 
staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• Ask you about any side effects you are experiencing.  
• Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) may be performed before dosing to measure the 
blood flow of your liver metastases provided: 1) you are at Stanford 2) you are receiving 
RRx-001 and 3) in the opinion of the doctor you are a good candidate.  
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
• If you have given consent, you will be scheduled to have a sample (biopsy) taken of your 
tumor(s). This procedure is optional and is being done for research. 
Day 1 (±1 day), Cycle 2, Stage 1 
Like Cycle 1, above, Cycle 2 is also 4 weeks The day that you return to the clinic for your fifth 
(5th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the third (3rd) time if you are receiving regorafenib, in Stage 
1 is called Cycle 2, Day 1. The Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked to complete a Quality Of Life (QOL) Questionnaire  
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• An ESASr assessment will be performed. 
• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). This blood will be collected from a vein in 
your arm. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be collected to examine and analyze the genes 
and proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your 
arm  
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be collected from a vein in your arm to test for 
certain exploratory indicators, or ‘biomarkers.’  This blood collection will be used for 
research.  


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• If you are taking regorafenib, it will most likely be dispensed to at this visit (based on 
your insurance) and you will receive instructions when and how often to take it.  You will 
be asked to bring the prior bottle of regorafenib pills, and your dosing diary with you to 
this clinic visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
Day 8 (±1 day), Cycle 2, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your sixth (6th) treatment with RRx-001 in Stage 1 is 
called Cycle 2, Day 8. The Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• Ask about side effects you are experiencing 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
Day 15 (±1 day), Cycle 2, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your seventh (7th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the 
fourth (4th) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1, is called Cycle 2, Day 15. The 
Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked to complete a Quality Of Life (QOL) Questionnaire  
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• An ESASr assessment will be performed. 
• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). The blood will be collected from a vein in 
your arm. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to examine and analyze the genes and 
proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your arm 
• If you are taking regorafenib, you will be asked to bring back the ‘Dosing Diary’ of all 
the pills you take daily, along with the bottle of regorafenib pills, with you to this clinic 
visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 


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• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
Day 22 (±1 day), Cycle 2, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your eighth (8th) treatment with RRx-001 in Stage 1, is 
called Cycle 2, Day 1. This will be your last visit in the second (2nd) four-week cycle. The 
Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• Ask you about any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) may be performed before and after dosing to 
measure the blood flow of your liver metastases provided: 1) you are at Stanford 2) you 
are receiving RRx-001 and 3) in the opinion of the doctor you are a good candidate.  
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule for you to receive a CT or 
MRI scan (see below). 
Day 1 (±1 day), Cycle 3, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your ninth (9th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the fifth 
(5th) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1 is called Cycle 3, Day 1. The Doctor and/or 
study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked to complete a Quality Of Life (QOL) Questionnaire  
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• An ESASr assessment will be performed. 
• You will be asked about the medications you are currently taking (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to examine and analyze the genes and 
proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your arm 
• If you are taking regorafenib, it will be dispensed to you at this visit.  You will be asked 
to keep a diary of all the pills you take daily and to bring back the bottle of regorafenib 
pills with you to each clinic visit for a pill count by the clinic staff.  
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. 


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Day 8 (±1 day), Cycle 3, Stage 1  
The day that you return to the clinic for your tenth (10th) treatment with RRx-001 during Stage 1 
is called Cycle 3, Day 8. At this visit the Doctor and/or study staff will do the following:  
 
• Ask you about any side effects you are experiencing 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications, such as 
dexamethasone, a corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory medications), approximately 30 
minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration.  
• Schedule your next visit to the clinic. 
Day 15 (±1 day), Cycle 3, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your eleventh (11th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the 
sixth (6th) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1 is called Cycle 3, Day 15. The Doctor 
and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• If you are taking regorafenib, you will be asked to keep a diary of all the pills you take 
daily and to bring back the bottle of regorafenib pills and the diary with you at this clinic 
visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration.  
• Schedule your next visit to the clinic. 
Day 22 (±1 day), Cycle 3, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your twelfth (12th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the seventh 
(7th) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1 is called Cycle 3, Day 22. This will be your last visit 
in the third (3rd) four-week cycle. The Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• Ask you about any side effects you are experiencing.  
• CT or MRI imaging of your tumor(s) (for both RRx-001 and regorafenib patients) 
o Depending on the results of this scan, you may have a second “confirmatory” scan 
performed four (4) weeks later as part of Cycle 4, Day 22 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration.  


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• Schedule your next visit to the clinic. 
Day 1 (±1 day), Cycle 4, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your thirteenth (13th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the 
eighth (8th) time if you are receiving regorafenib, in Stage 1 is called Cycle 4, Day 1. The Doctor 
and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked to complete a Quality Of Life (QOL) Questionnaire  
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 
• An ESASr assessment will be performed. 
• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be taken to check your overall health and the 
health of your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys). This blood will be collected from a vein in 
your arm. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be collected to examine and analyze the genes 
and proteins of circulating tumor cells. The blood will be collected from a vein in your 
arm  
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be collected from a vein in your arm to test for 
certain exploratory indicators, or ‘biomarkers.’  This blood collection will be used for 
research.  
• If you are taking regorafenib, it will most likely be dispensed to at this visit (based on 
your insurance) and you will receive instructions when and how often to take it.  You will 
be asked to bring the prior bottle of regorafenib pills, and your dosing diary with you to 
this clinic visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
Day 8 (±1 day), Cycle 4, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your fourteenth (14th) treatment with RRx-001 in Stage 1 
is called Cycle 4, Day 8. The Doctor and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
• Ask about side effects you are experiencing 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 


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Day 15 (±1 day), Cycle 4, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your fifteenth (15th) treatment with RRx-001, or for the 
ninth (9th) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1, is called Cycle 4, Day 15. The Doctor 
and/or study staff will do the following at this visit: 
 
• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• If you are taking regorafenib, you will be asked to bring back the ‘Dosing Diary’ of all 
the pills you take daily, along with the bottle of regorafenib pills, with you to this clinic 
visit for a pill count by the clinic staff. 
• If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications approximately 
30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule your next visit to the 
clinic. 
Day 22 (±1 day), Cycle 4, Stage 1 
The day that you return to the clinic for your sixteenth (16th) treatment with RRx-00, or for the 
tenth (10th) time if you are receiving regorafenib in Stage 1 is called Cycle 4, Day 1. This will be 
your last visit in the fourth (4th) four-week cycle. The Doctor and/or study staff will do the 
following at this visit: 
 
• Ask you about any side effects you are experiencing. 
 
•  If you are receiving RRx-001, your doctor will administer pre-medications 
approximately 30 minutes prior to RRx-001 + blood administration. Schedule for you to 
receive a CT or MRI scan (see below). 
Prior to the start of Cycle five (5), your doctor will order a CT or MRI “confirmatory scan” if 
your prior scan, at Cycle 3, Day 22, showed that your tumor(s) are progressing (growing larger).  
If the tumor is stable (hasn’t grown bigger and/or spread) or has decreased in size then you may 
remain on the study in Stage 1 and continue to receive RRx-001 or regorafenib; whichever 
treatment you were randomized (assigned to).  All future visits will be nearly the same as the 
first four (4) cycles (above). 
 
Progressive Disease Study Procedures: 
If the scan shows that your tumor(s) has gotten larger in size, or is spreading, then you will be 
scheduled to return to the clinic to determine if, based on your overall health, you are eligible to 
enter ‘Stage 2’ of the treatment period. At this visit, the Doctor and/or study staff will do the 
following:  
 
• A physical exam and measurement of your height, weight and vital signs (to include your 
sitting blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and oral temperature). 


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• You will be asked about the medications you are taking now (‘Concomitant 
Medications’) and any side effects you are experiencing. 
• Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be collected from a vein in your arm to test for 
certain exploratory indicators, or ‘biomarkers.’ This will be done for research. 
• A pregnancy test if you are a woman and able to get pregnant. 
• FDG-PET (for RRx-001 patients only) 
o FDG-PET will be done only if you are assigned (randomized) to the RRx-001 
‘arm.’ This is the same as a CT scan except that a different type of dye is used to 
make it easier to ‘see’ your tumor(s).  
• Schedule your next visit to the clinic to start Stage 2 of the Treatment Period (if 
applicable). 
Study Procedures – Stage 2: 
Irinotecan + bevacizumab (Stage 2) 
During the second (2nd) stage of the Treatment Period (known as ‘Stage 2’), you will receive 
irinotecan 180 mg/m2 given intravenously over 30-90 min infusion every two (2) weeks until 
your cancer is no longer responding. The Doctor will determine, based on your best interest and 
any side effects you are experiencing, the dose (how much) and frequency (how often) for this 
treatment. Like Stage 1 above, each cycle is 4 weeks (28 days) long, and you will receive best 
supportive care in addition to having imaging scans (CT or MRI) of your tumors done every two 
(2) cycles (or 8 weeks). Laboratory blood draws will be performed every two (2) weeks for the 
first eight (8) weeks and then every 4 weeks thereafter to test for your overall health and the 
health of your cells and your organs (i.e. liver and kidneys) as well as the level of the CEA 
biomarker. Approximately 2 teaspoons of blood will be collected from a vein in your arm. In 
addition, a quality of life questionnaire is required at each visit—to be filled out before the start 
of treatment. At each visit you will also be asked about other medications you are taking 
(concomitant medications) and any side effects you are experiencing.  
 
For patients assigned to the RRx-001 treatment ‘arm,’ a PET-CT will also be performed during 
the first imaging study during treatment with irinotecan + bevacizumab as part of ‘Stage 2.’ 
 
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) may be performed after the first week of dosing with 
irinotecan to measure the blood flow of your liver metastases provided: 1) you are at Stanford 2) 
you have previously received RRx-001 and 3) in the opinion of the doctor you are a good 
candidate.  
 
If you and doctor decide that it is no longer in your best interest to continue to receive treatment, 
or you discontinue the study for any reason, you will be asked to return to the study site (clinic) 
for the Off-Study Visit. At this visit you the clinic staff will perform assessments based on the 
institutions best standard of supportive care. An imaging study, such as an MRI, FDG-PET or 
CT scan may be performed as well.  


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Post-Treatment Survival Follow-up Period: 
After your last treatment with RRx-001, regorafenib, or irinotecan + bevacizumab, you will be 
followed every eight (8) weeks until you are unable to be followed or withdraw your consent in 
writing, as described below on page 14. During this period, the clinic staff will check to see what 
additional treatments you are receiving and may contact you by phone or in person as well.  
General Discussion of Genetics 
EpicentRx Inc. will be responsible for deciding how your samples will be used. Blood and tissue 
taken from you may be used to establish products that could be patented and licensed.  There are 
no plans to provide you with financial compensation should this occur.  This blood and tissue 
and its derivatives may have significant therapeutic or commercial value.  You consent to such 
uses.  Your study doctor has no personal or financial interest in this research. If you decide later 
that you do not want the specimens collected from you to be used for future research, you may 
tell this to [INSERT PI], who will use his or her best efforts to stop any additional studies.  
However, in some cases, such as if your specimens have already undergone testing, it may be 
impossible to locate and remove the data collected from those tests because the data collection is 
no longer linked to you directly. 
EpicentRx Inc. will be responsible, have control over the long-term storage location and will 
keep your DNA specimen and/or the information derived from it indefinitely. 
There will be no direct benefit to you from this study since you will not be provided with any 
results or information regarding your DNA test. The investigator, however, may learn more 
about colon cancer. 
Instances are known in which a subject in research has been required to furnish genetic 
information as a precondition for in applying for health insurance and/or a job. Participation in 
this study does not mean that you have had genetic testing. Genetic testing means having a test 
performed and the results provided to you and your doctor. If you are interested in having 
genetic testing performed you should consult your doctor, as some commercial tests are 
available. Your doctor can provide you with the necessary information to determine if such a test 
would be appropriate for you. 
Some people involved in genetic studies have felt anxious about the possibility of carrying an 
altered gene that they could possibly pass on to their children.  Even though we will do our best 
to keep your information confidential, there is the possibility that your genetic risk for certain 
diseases is accidently divulged to the wrong source, if that happens you might be discriminated 
against obtaining life or health insurance, employment or ability to adopt children. 
Federal and State laws generally make it illegal for health insurance companies, group health 
plans, and most employers to discriminate against you based on your genetic information. This 
law generally will protect you in the following ways:  


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a) Health insurance companies and group health plans may not request your genetic 
information that we get from this research.  
b) Health insurance companies and group health plans may not use your genetic 
information when making decisions regarding your eligibility or premiums.  
c) Employers with 5 or more employees may not use your genetic information that we get 
from this research when making a decision to hire, promote, or fire you or when setting 
the terms of your employment. 
Be aware that these laws do not protect you against genetic discrimination by companies that 
sell life insurance, disability insurance, or long-term care insurance. 
 
RISKS OF PARTICIPATION 
Participation in this study may involve some added risks or discomforts.  While you are on this 
study, you are at risk for the side effects listed below.  You should discuss these with your 
doctor.  There may also be other side effects that we cannot predict.  Other drugs will be given to 
make side effects less serious and uncomfortable.  Many side effects go away shortly after the 
study drug is stopped, but in some cases, side effects may be serious, long lasting, and may even 
cause death. 
There may be other risks associated with participation in this study that are currently 
unforeseeable. 
 
In the initial clinical trial of RRx-001 in which 25 patients with various different types of 
cancers, including colorectal cancer, received RRx-001 intravenously, the main side effect in 
84% of patients was temporary pain and/or a stinging, burning sensation at the injection site in 
the forearm and along the length of the vein as well as swollen veins (vasodilation).  Pain and 
swollen veins, when they occurred, lasted during the entire time of infusion of RRx-001 and, 
generally, both of these side effects went away almost immediately (within minutes) of stopping 
the infusion of RRx-001.  
Your doctor has several methods to manage and control the pain, should it occur. These methods 
include: 
• Administering pain relievers before and during the infusion, including ibuprofen, 
corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory medications) and narcotics. 
• Slowing down the infusion. 
Other common side effects (≥10%) observed in the initial study, many of which may have been 
related to the pain at the injection site or the medications used to control it, included: 
• Arm swelling (reported in 8/25 patients; 32%) 
• Vein hardening (reported in 7/25 patients; 28%) 
• Shortness of breath (reported in 5/25 patients; 20%) 


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• Mouth tingling/burning (reported in 4/25 patients; 16%) 
• Anxiety (reported in 3/25 patients; 12%) 
• Chest discomfort (reported in 3/25 patients; 12%) 
• Cough (reported in 3/25 patients; 12%) 
• Fatigue (reported in 3/25 patients; 12%) 
• Skin discoloration (reported in 3/25 patients; 12%) 
Less common side effects (<10%) observed in the initial study, many of which may have been 
related to the pain at the injection site or the medications used to control it, included: 
• Flushing (reported in 2/25 patients; 8%) 
• Throat discomfort (reported in 2/25 patients; 8%) 
• Vein swelling (vasodilation) (reported in 2/25 patients; 8%) 
• Vein blockage (reported in 2/25 patients; 8%) 
• Weakness (reported in 2/25 patients; 8%) 
Rare side effects (<5%) observed in 1 out of 25 patients in the initial study, many of which may 
have been related to the pain at the injection site or the medications used to control it, included: 
• Abdominal pain (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Hand numbness (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Bloody mucus (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Decreased respirations (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Dizziness (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• High blood pressure (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Infusion reaction (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Discomfort in the nose (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Runny nose (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Involuntary leakage of urine (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Vision changes (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
• Vomiting (reported in 1/25 patients; 4%) 
There were no serious side effects that were thought to be related to RRx-001 during the initial 
study which were life-threatening or required hospitalization of the patient. 


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Because RRx-001 is an investigational drug and not a lot of patients have received the drug, not 
all of the side effects are known at this time. It is not known if additional side effects will be seen 
with this drug.  For this reason, if you receive RRx-001, you will be watched closely for known 
and other unknown, possibly serious side effects. 
Your doctor will describe the side effects of regorafenib to you in more detail, which may 
include peeling of the skin on your hands and feet (hand-foot skin reaction), swelling of the 
lining of the mouth and throat (mucositis), diarrhea, and high blood pressure (hypertension).  
 
Risks of Regorafenib 
 
The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) are: 
• Asthenia/fatigue  
• Hand Foot and Skin Reaction (HFSR) 
o Numbness 
o Tingling, or a "pins and needles" feeling 
o Increased skin sensitivity 
o Sensitivity to hot objects 
o Burning sensation 
o Redness, swelling 
o Calluses (hard layers of skin) on the palms of  
your hands or on the balls or heels of your feet 
o Blisters on your skin 
o Dry, cracked, peeling, or flaking skin 
• Diarrhea- frequent or a loose bowel movement 
• Decreased appetite/food intake 
• Hypertension 
• swelling, pain, and redness of the lining of your mouth, throat, stomach, and bowel 
(mucositis) 
• Voice changes or hoarseness (Dysphonia) 
• Infection 
• Pain (not otherwise specified) 
• Decreased weight 
• Gastrointestinal and abdominal pain 
• Rash 
• Fever 
• Nausea   
 
Infrequent side-effects (occurring in 5-10% of patients): 
 
• Bleeding which can be sever sometimes and lead to death 
o vomiting blood or if your vomit looks like coffee grounds 
o pink or brown urine 
o red or black (looks like tar) stools 


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o coughing up blood or blood clots 
o menstrual bleeding that is heavier than normal 
o unusual vaginal bleeding 
o nosebleeds that happen often 
• Dizziness 
• Fever 
• Impaired blood supply to the heart muscle, which may cause heart attack 
• Infection, which may become severe and generalized 
• Itching 
• Kidney failure 
• Loss of weight 
• Reduced numbers of the cells that help the blood to clot 
 
Rarely observed (single or few cases, not exceeding 5% of patients): 
• Impaired blood supply to parts of the brain, which may cause a stroke or mini-stroke 
• Dehydration 
• Feeling unwell 
• temporary disturbance of the liver function 
• Severe liver problem: 
o yellowing of your skin or the white part of your eyes (jaundice) 
o nausea or vomiting 
o dark "tea-colored" urine 
o change in sleep pattern 
• Severe allergic reaction 
• Reduced numbers of bacteria-fighting white blood cells 
• Clots in the lung blood vessels 
• Transient loss of consciousness 
• Hives 
• A tear in your stomach or intestinal wall (bowel perforation) 
o severe pain in your stomach area (abdomen) 
o swelling of the abdomen 
o high fever 
• A condition called reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) 
o severe headaches 
o seizure 
o confusion 
o change in vision 
o problems thinking 
 
Other Study-Related Risks 
Allergic Reactions:  As with any drug, there is the chance of an allergic reaction, which may 
include difficulty breathing, rash, flushing, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, and swelling. 


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Intravenous (IV) Injection Side Effects:  If the drug leaks from the vein the shot is given into, it 
may cause skin irritation at the needle site. 
Risks of blood draws:  There is a risk of discomfort or pain, bleeding, swelling and a small arm 
bruise and swelling when blood is drawn.  Rarely, a clot or infection may occur at the site of the 
blood draw.  Some people also become faint, dizzy, or light-headed during or immediately after 
the blood draw. 
Risks and Side Effects of a Central Line:  Subjects may be required to have placement of a 
“central line.”  A central line is a catheter that is placed under your skin and into a large vein.  It 
will allow easy administration of the chemotherapy drugs.  Risks of placement of a central line 
include bleeding or lung collapse when the catheter is placed, as well as inflammation at the site 
of the catheter, and infection. 
Reproductive Risks:  You should not become pregnant or father a baby while on this study and 
for a period of time following your last dose of RRx-001 or regorafenib because the drugs in this 
study can affect a fetus and cause serious birth defects.  Women should not breastfeed a baby 
while on this study.  It is important you understand that you need to use birth control while on 
this study.  If you are female and capable of childbearing, a pregnancy test will be done before 
the study begins in order to be as sure as possible that you are not pregnant.  Your participation 
requires that you use non-hormonal contraception methods (such as abstinence, diaphragm, 
condom, or intrauterine device) to prevent pregnancy for the duration of the study and for 30 
days following your last dose of RRx-001 or regorafenib.  Ask about counseling and more 
information about preventing pregnancy. 
Risks from CT Scans:  During your participation in this research study, you will be exposed to 
radiation from scheduled CT scans.  The total exposure resulting from these imaging studies is 
calculated to be approximately 91 mSv the first year and 78 mSv each additional year.  This 
amount is more than you would receive from one year of natural exposure in the [INSERT CITY 
OF SITE] area, which is approximately 1.6 mSv.  Cumulative exposure from radiation may 
increase your risk of developing certain types of cancer in the future. 
The principal investigator for this research study has determined and verified that all of the CT 
scans prescribed for this study would typically be performed as part of the standard medical care 
required to adequately monitor your current illness.  You will have a CT scan of your chest, 
abdomen and pelvis at Screening and every 8 weeks thereafter.  Additional imaging may be 
performed if clinically indicated. Radiation exposure may be decreased if non-radiation imaging 
is used, such as MRI.  If you are especially concerned with radiation exposure, or you have had a 
lot of x-rays or imaging scans already, you should discuss this with the principal investigator for 
this study, [INSERT PI], or your regular doctor. 
Risks of MRI Scans:  As part of this study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be done.  
The imager makes a loud, banging noise while it is taking pictures.  You will be given a set of 
earplugs to help with the noise. You may experience feelings of claustrophobia or anxiety.  You 
may also experience some discomfort and tiredness from lying still in a confined space during 
the imaging.  There are no known effects from exposure to magnetic fields (MRI). However, 


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some subjects undergoing this procedure become anxious.  If this happens to you, you can stop 
the procedure at any time. If you have metal clips or plates in your body or a pacemaker, you 
should tell your doctor about it. MRI may not be appropriate under some of the following 
conditions:  a cardiac pacemaker; metal fragments in eyes, skin, or body; heart valve 
replacement; brain clips; venous umbrella; being a sheet-metal worker or welder; aneurysm 
surgery; intracranial bypass; renal or aortic clips; prosthetic devices such as middle ear, eye, 
joint, or penile implants; joint replacements; hearing aid; neurostimulator; insulin pump;  I.U.D.;  
being pregnant or trying to become pregnant;  shunts/stents;  metal mesh/coil implants;  metal 
plate/pin/screws/wires, or any other metal implants;  and permanent eyeliner and/or eyebrows. 
Risks of CEUS:  Microbubble contrast agents are safe with a low incidence of side effects. They 
are not toxic to the kidney and severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are extremely rare on the 
order of 0.001%. Subjects with severe heart and lung disease are not good candidates for CEUS. 
Risks of IV Contrast: As part of this study a CT scan may be done. There may be some reactions 
related to the contrast dye used in CT scans. Contrast dye is usually administered when you get a 
CT scan. Contrast dye may also be used in MRI scans. Some people may develop hives and 
itching or other allergic symptoms from this dye, swelling of the heart, cramps of the voicebox, 
breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways in lungs, low blood pressure, with loss of 
consciousness, and in rare cases, severe loss of blood and fluids leading to shock and death, 
fainting, seizures, and irregular heartbeats.  In addition, if you have low kidney function, this dye 
can temporarily or permanently decrease your kidney function.  
Risks of Loss of Confidential Information: There is also a small risk that information from your 
health records will be released to an unauthorized party. We will do our best to make sure that 
your personal information will be kept private.  The chance that this information will be given to 
someone else is very small. An identification code assigned by the study team to each patient 
will be used in place of your name to protect your identity when reporting trial-related data. 
 
BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATION 
If you agree to take part in this study, there may not be direct medical benefit to you.  Others, 
however, may benefit from the information learned from this research study, and the 
investigators may learn more about RRx-001. 
 
ALTERNATIVES TO PARTICIPATION 
If you choose not to take part in or stop participating in this research study, there may be other 
treatments.  Refusal to take part in this study will not cause penalty or loss of benefits to which 
you are otherwise entitled. 
You do not have to participate in this study to receive treatment for your cancer.  Other possible 
treatments could include treatment with other drugs or drug combinations, participation in other 
research studies, or supportive care only (no cancer treatment).   


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Regorafenib is available commercially, meaning you do not need to participate in this research 
study to be prescribed regorafenib to treat your cancer. 
Please talk to your doctor about these and other options. 
 
COSTS/COMPENSATION 
The study drug, RRx-001, will be supplied at no cost while you take part in this study. The cost 
of getting the study drug, RRx-001, ready is also provided at no cost.  The study drug 
administration is not paid for by the study sponsor, so you or your health plan/insurance 
company may have to pay for this. 
It is possible the study drug, RRx-001, may not continue to be supplied while you are on the 
study. Although not likely, if this occurs, your study doctor will talk to you about your options. 
You and/or your health plan/insurance company will need to pay for all of the other costs of 
caring for your cancer while in this study, including the costs of tests, procedures, or medicines 
to manage any side effects, unless you are told that certain tests are supplied at no cost.  Before 
you decide to be in the study, you should check with your health plan/insurance company to find 
out exactly what they will pay for.  
Examples of procedures and drugs that may be billed include the following: routine clinic visits, 
routine laboratory tests, CT and MRI imaging, pre-medications (ibuprofen and dexamethasone), 
and FDA-approved chemotherapy, regorafenib. 
There will be no payment to you for participating in this study.   
The sponsor, EpicentRx, Inc., is paying the institution, [INSERT SITE], to do this study. 
 
COMPENSATION FOR RESEARCH-RELATED INJURY 
If you are injured as a direct result of being in this study, treatment will be available. The costs of 
such treatment will be covered by [INSERT SITE] or the study sponsor, EpicentRx, Inc., 
depending on a number of factors. The University and the study sponsor, EpicentRx, Inc., do not 
normally provide any other form of compensation for injury. You may call the [INSERT SITE] 
Human Research Protections Program Office at (xxx) xxx-xxxx for more information about this, 
to inquire about your rights as a research subject, or to report research-related problems. 
 
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION 
Participation in this study is entirely voluntary.  If you choose not to participate or wish to 
withdraw your consent to participate in these study procedures at any time, it will in no way 
affect your regular treatments or medical care at this institution or loss of benefits to which you 
are entitled. 


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You will be informed of any new findings that might affect your willingness to continue 
participating in the study. 
The study doctor may stop your participation in this study without your consent.  If you have any 
side effects that are very serious or if you become ill during the course of the research study you 
may have to drop out even if you would like to continue.  The study doctor will make the 
decision and let you know if it is not possible for you to continue. The decision that is made is to 
protect your health and safety, or because it is part of the research plan that people who develop 
certain conditions or do not follow the instructions from the study doctor may not continue to 
participate.  In addition, EpicentRx Inc. may end your participation in the study at any time 
without your consent. 
If you withdraw from the study for any reason, you must notify your study doctor, [INSERT 
PI] at (xxx) xxx-xxxx.  You will be asked to return to the clinic so that the study doctor may 
perform a final evaluation, which includes laboratory tests.  Additional details can be found in 
the Procedures section of this document.  
 
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS? 
[INSERT PI] and/or                                             has explained this study to you, and answered 
your questions.  You may contact [INSERT PI] at (xxx) xxx-xxxx.  You may also call the 
hospital 24-hour paging system at (xxx) xxx-xxxx and ask for the oncologist on-call.  If you have 
other questions or research-related problems, you may call the [INSERT SITE] Clinical Trials 
Office at (xxx) xxx-xxxx. 
If you have questions about your rights as a research participant, your participation in this study, 
and/or concerns about this study, you may call the [INSERT SITE] Human Research Protections 
Program (a group of people who review the research study to protect your rights and welfare) at 
(xxx) xxx-xxxx. 
A description of this clinical trial will be available on www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by 
U.S. Law. This Web site will not include information that can identify you. At most, the Web 
site will include a summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any time. 
 
CONFIDENTIALITY 
The confidentiality of your research records will be maintained to the extent permitted by law.  
Your medical information will not be made publicly available unless disclosure is required by 
law or regulation.   
Study data is labeled with a code instead of your name or other information that can easily 
identify you. Your identity will remain confidential. 
Data obtained from this study, including your protected health information, will be given to the 
sponsor of this study, EpicentRx Inc., and/or its representatives, and may be used by and/or 
disclosed to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Department of Health and Human 


Principal Investigator:  [INSERT] 
IRB Approval: [INSERT] 
 
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02/25, CWP 
Services (DHHS) agencies, the [INSERT SITE] Institutional Review Board, and other 
governmental agencies in the United States or other countries in which regulatory approval of 
RRx-001 may be sought.  Once your personal health information is released it may be re-
disclosed and no longer protected by privacy laws.   
As a rule, the researchers will not continue to use or disclose information about you, but will 
keep it secure until it is destroyed. Sometimes, it may be necessary for information about you to 
continue to be used or disclosed, even after you have canceled your permission or the study is 
over. Examples of reasons for this include: 
• To avoid losing study results that have already included your information 
• To provide limited information for research, education, or other activities (This 
information would not include your name, social security number, or anything else that 
could let others know who you are.) 
• To help [INSERT SITE] and government officials make sure that the study was 
conducted properly.  
Your permission allowing the researches and study staff to access your health information 
expires at the end of the study, unless you cancel it sooner. You may cancel your permission at 
any time by writing to: 
[INSERT PI NAME AND APPROPRIATE ADDRESS] 
You will be asked to sign a separate HIPAA authorization form to allow the study team to access 
and share information from your medical record. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Principal Investigator:  [INSERT] 
IRB Approval: [INSERT] 
 
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EpicentRx RRx-001-21-02, Amendment 07 
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SIGNATURE AND CONSENT 
 
Your participation in this study is voluntary, and you may refuse to participate or withdraw from 
the study at any time without prejudice or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.  
You will receive a signed copy of this consent document and a copy of “The Experimental 
Subject’s Bill of Rights” to keep.  
 
You agree to participate. 
 
 
________________________________ 
Printed Name of Participant 
 
 
                                                                  
 
_________________ 
Signature of Participant 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
 
_________________________________ 
Printed Name of Person Obtaining Consent 
 
 
                                                                   
 
__________________ 
Signature of Person Obtaining Consent 
Date