Clinical trial NCT00669669
Conditions: Glioblastoma Gliosarcoma
Sponsor: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Start date: 2009-02-25; Completion date: 2021-01-20
Enrollment: 12 participants; Allocation: NA; Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP

Brief summary:
This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of temozolomide when given together with radiation therapy, carmustine, O6-benzylguanine, and patients' own stem cell (autologous) transplant in treating patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma. Giving chemotherapy, such as temozolomide, carmustine, and O6-benzylguanine, and radiation therapy before a peripheral stem cell transplant stops the growth of cancer cells by stopping them from dividing or killing them. Giving colony-stimulating factors, such as filgrastim or plerixafor, and certain chemotherapy drugs, helps stem cells move from the bone marrow to the blood so they can be collected and stored. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy is then given to prepare the bone marrow for the stem cell transplant. The stem cells are then returned to the patient to replace the blood-forming cells that were destroyed by the chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Detailed description:
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the safety and feasibility of infusing autologous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (filgrastim) mobilized stem cells transduced with a Phoenix-gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)-pseudotype vector expressing methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) (P140K).

II. Define the dose of BCNU (carmustine) that results in efficient engraftment of gene modified cells when given with peripheral blood stem cell support.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the engraftment of gene-modified cells after conditioning with BCNU.

II. Determine the ability to select gene-modified cells in vivo with this regimen.

III. Evaluate the molecular and clonal composition of gene-modified cells after chemotherapy with temozolomide.

IV. Observe patients for clinical anti-tumor response.

V. Determine the correlation of the level of MGMT (P140K) marking with toxicity, temozolomide dose achieved, and response.

VI. Characterize the toxicity associated with this regimen.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of temozolomide followed by a phase II study.

PART I: Within 35 days of surgery, patients undergo 3 dimensional (3D) conformal intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or proton beam radiation therapy daily 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Patients receive filgrastim subcutaneously (SC) on days -7 to -3 and begin stem cell collection on the 4th day of filgrastim administration (up to 3 apheresis). Patients may also receive plerixafor SC on days -5 to -3. The CD34+ stem cells are separated from the patient's stem cells and they are transduced with Phoenix-RD114 pseudotype vector (retrovirus). One day after apheresis is completed, patients receive carmustine intravenously (IV) over 3 hours followed 2 hours later by temozolomide orally (PO). At least twenty-four hours after completion of carmustine and temozolomide, patients undergo reinfusion of genetically-modified stem cells.

PART II: Beginning approximately 4 weeks after completion of Phase 1 of the study, patients receive O6-benzylguanine IV continuously over 48 hours followed by temozolomide PO within 1 hour. Treatment may repeat at least every 28 days for a total of 24 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 1-3 months for 2 years, every 3-6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter for 10 years.

Arms: arm 1: See Detailed Description
Interventions: intervention 1: 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy intervention 2: Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation intervention 3: Carmustine intervention 4: Filgrastim intervention 5: In Vitro-Treated Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation intervention 6: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy intervention 7: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis intervention 8: O6-Benzylguanine intervention 9: Plerixafor intervention 10: Proton Beam Radiation Therapy intervention 11: Temozolomide
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Undergo 3D conformal IMRT intervention 2: Undergo autologous in vitro-treated peripheral blood stem cell transplant intervention 3: Given IV intervention 4: Given SC intervention 5: Undergo autologous in vitro-treated peripheral blood stem cell transplant intervention 6: Undergo 3D conformal IMRT intervention 7: Correlative studies intervention 8: Given IV intervention 9: Given SC intervention 10: Undergo proton beam radiation therapy intervention 11: Given PO

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
Current version: 30.0 (05/20/16)
Previous version: 29.0 (02/19/16)
I.
Benzylguanine-Mediated 
Tumor 
Sensitization 
with 
Chemoprotected 
Autologous Stem Cells for Patients with Malignant Gliomas
Investigator
Professional Title
Phone Number
Hans-Peter Kiem, MD
Member, FHCRC; Professor of Medicine and 
Adjunct Professor of Pathology, UW
(206) 667-4425
Maciej Mrugala, MD, PhD, MPH
Associate Professor of Neurology, Neurological 
Surgery and Medicine, UW; Affiliate 
Investigator, FHCRC
(206) 655-6875
Robert C. Rostomily, MD
Professor of Neurological Surgery, UW
(206) 543-8315
Daniel L. Silbergeld, MD
Professor of Neurological Surgery, UW
(206) 543-3570
Pamela S. Becker, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, UW; Affiliate 
Investigator, FHCRC
(206) 616-1589
William I. Bensinger, MD
Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell 
Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute; 
Affiliate Investigator, FHCRC
(206) 991-2040
Shelly Heimfeld, PhD
Member, FHCRC
(206) 667-4004
Jason K. Rockhill, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, UW
(206) 598-4100
Lia M. Halasz, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, UW
(206) 598-4100
Jennifer Adair, PhD
Assistant Member, FHCRC
(206) 667-7110
Biostatistician:
Barry Storer, PhD 
(206) 667-6151
Study Coordinator:
Grace Choi
(206) 667-4964
Emergency (24-hour) Phone: (206) 598-8902; Fax: (206) 598-4034
II.
Introduction
Glioblastoma is the most common subtype of primary brain tumors in adults. These tumors are highly 
invasive. Median survival after diagnosis is approximately 12 months. Several significant prognostic 
factors have been identified, but even in the most favorable groups survival beyond 2 years is unusual. 
Radiation therapy prolongs survival after the initial surgical resection. Chemotherapy with a nitrosourea, 
methylating agents such as procarbazine or temozolomide, or other agents is effective and can prolong 
survival. However, a significant obstacle to the treatment has been the hematopoietic toxicity of 
chemotherapeutic agents like BCNU and temozolomide which has limited the ability to dose-escalate the 
drugs. This hematopoietic toxicity is even more pronounced when BCNU or temozolomide are combined 
with O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG), an agent which inhibits O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase, the 
major resistance mechanism in gliomas. We have recently demonstrated in a clinically relevant large 
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animal model that genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells with the P140K mutant of 
methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT and also known as alkyl-guanine transferase (AGT)) results in 
chemoprotection and the ability to administer higher doses of temozolomide and BCNU when given in 
combination with O6-BG. Based on these findings we hypothesize that chemoprotection with MGMT 
(P140K) will allow the administration of higher doses of temozolomide and thus potentially improve the 
efficacy of this drug in the treatment of patients with high-grade gliomas. Since efficient engraftment of 
gene-modified cells is important for the success of this strategy, we propose a 2-part approach. In the first 
part, we propose a dose-escalation of BCNU with gene-modified stem cell support followed by fixed 
doses of temozolomide and O6-BG. The initial dose of BCNU will be based on the range of doses used 
in prior studies of high dose BCNU and autologous stem cell transplant. The initial dose (600 mg/m2) will
be slightly lower than the lower end of the range of typical doses used for the prior studies (800 1350
mg/m2), because the patients in the current study will be receiving gene modified stem cells, and will have 
already undergone treatment with radiation. In the second part of the study, we will use the MTD of BCNU 
with support of gene-modified peripheral blood stem cells, followed by a dose-escalation of temozolomide 
with a fixed dose of O6-BG. We will use our optimized transduction conditions using the Phoenix-GALV-
pseudotype packaging cell line generated by the principal investigator of this study to generate MGMT 
(P140K) expressing vectors. Thus, this study will address the feasibility, toxicity and tumor response of 
temozolomide dose escalation with chemoprotected stem cells.
PART I
Surgical Debulking or Biopsy
Consent for Enrollment
(unmethylated screen result only)
Weeks -9 to -2:
RT
ASCT Work-up /
Final Eligibility Check
Day -7:
Stem Cell Mobilization
(with G-CSF; with plerixafor at attending 
Day -6:
Day -5:
Day -4:
Apheresis
Day -3:
Apheresis
CD34+ Selection
Prestimulation
Retroviral
Transduction
Day -2:
BCNU 
(600 mg/m2)
Day -1:
Day 0:
Re-infusion of Gene-modified
CD34+ Cells
After recovery:
O6-BG + Temozolomide
(fixed dose)
At least every 28 days:
O6-BG + Temozolomide
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PART II
Surgical Debulking or Biopsy
Consent for Enrollment
(unmethylated screen result only)
Weeks -9 to -2:
RT
ASCT Work-up /
Final Eligibility Check
Day -7:
Stem Cell Mobilization
(with G-CSF; with plerixafor at attending 
Day -6:
Day -5:
Day -4:
Apheresis
Day -3:
Apheresis
CD34+ Selection
Prestimulation
Retroviral
Transduction
Day -2:
BCNU 
(600 mg/m2 based on Part I)
Day -1:
Day 0:
Re-infusion of Gene-modified
CD34+ Cells
After recovery:
O6-BG + Temozolomide
(dose-escalation of temozolomide*)
* only if at least 1% gene-
modified granulocytes are 
present
At least every 28 days:
O6-BG + Temozolomide
III.
Background
Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma is an almost uniformly fatal disease. Median survival after diagnosis is approximately 12 
months [1,2]. Several significant prognostic factors have been identified, but even in the most favorable 
groups survival beyond 2 years is unusual [3,4]. Radiation prolongs survival after the initial surgical 
resection. Chemotherapy with a nitrosourea, a methylating agent (such as procarbazine or temozolomide), 
or other agents is clearly effective. MGMT expression has been shown to be important in mediating 
resistance in human CNS tumors. In a retrospective study of patients with anaplastic gliomas who had 
been treated on various protocols with radiation therapy and BCNU, Belanich et al. [1] found that patients 
whose tumors were found to have low MGMT activity had a significantly better outcome than patients 
with high MGMT activity [1]. Patients with glioblastoma and high MGMT levels showed a four-month 
shorter time to treatment failure (TIF) than patients with low MGMT activity. Similarly, patients with 
glioblastoma and high MGMT activity showed a two-month shorter median survival time (MST) than 
patients with low activity. For glioblastoma multiforme, survival was correlated more strongly with 
MGMT activity than with age. This relationship remained statistically significant when other known 
prognostic factors were considered. However, due to the irreversible degradation of each MGMT molecule 
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after a single enzymatic reaction, correlating MGMT protein levels with MGMT activity and tumor 
response has proven difficult [5,6].
O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) has been shown to deplete MGMT activity. O6-BG is not toxic as a single 
agent according to the Phase I trials of O6-BG that have been reported [2]. Friedman et al. conducted a 
Phase I trial to define the presurgical dose required to deplete tumor MGMT activity in patients with 
malignant glioma. Patients were treated 18 hours before craniotomy with intravenous doses that ranged 
between 40 and 100 mg/m2 given over 1 hour. Resected tumor was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and 
MGMT activity analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Up to 13 patients were treated at a 
specific dose of O6-BG, with a target end point of minimally 11 of 13 patients with undetectable tumor 
MGMT levels (<10 fmol/mg protein). Thirty patients were enrolled, with 11 of 11 patients treated at 100 
mg/m2 O6-BG demonstrating tumor MGMT levels less than 10 fmol/mg protein. No toxicity was noted 
in any patient treated. These results indicate that 100 mg/m2 of O6-BG can maintain tumor MGMT levels 
less than 10 fmol/mg protein for at least 18 hours after treatment, a time interval in which BCNU-induced 
chloroethyl adducts are fully converted into interstrand cross-links. 
Spiro et al. performed a dose escalation clinical trial in which the dose of O6-BG required to deplete 
MGMT to undetectable levels in sequential CT-guided tumor biopsies before O6-BG and 18 hours after 
O6-BG was determined [7]. Thirty patients received doses of O6-BG ranging from 10 to 120 mg/m2.
MGMT depletion below the level of detection in all cases was demonstrated at 120 mg/m2 dose. These 
results have been extended in a Phase I study in which 100 mg/m2 of O6-BG were used in combination 
with BCNU to determine the maximal-tolerated dose of BCNU [8]. In this study, 23 patients with 
recurrent or progressive glioma were treated at different dose levels. The dose limiting toxicity was found 
to be myelosuppression, with a maximum tolerated dose of 40 mg/m2 for BCNU. In a recently published 
Phase II study, 18 patients with recurrent or progressive glioma resistant to nitrosoureas were treated with 
120 mg/m2 of O6-BG followed by 40 mg/m2 of BCNU. There were no objective responses, however, 5 
out of 18 patients experienced stable disease of 6 18 weeks duration before progression. The dose limiting 
toxicity in this study was hematopoietic, with no reported pulmonary toxicity. Of note, 3 of the 5 patients 
with stable disease had to discontinue treatment due to hematologic toxicity; their disease progressed after 
discontinuation of chemotherapy.
In a recent Phase I study, Quinn et al. have reported dose-escalation of O6-BG and temozolomide [9].
Temozolomide is an imidazole tetrazinone, and its precise mechanism of action is similar to that of 
dacarbazine, both being converted to the active methylating agent MTIC. Unlike dacarbazine, however, 
which requires metabolic dealkylation (a relatively inefficient process in humans compared with rodents) 
to form MTIC, temozolomide undergoes chemical conversion to MTIC under physiologic conditions [10].
The recent observation that temozolomide produced responses in patients with high-grade glioma [11]
provides the rationale for a dose escalation study with chemoprotected stem cells. We propose to give 
temozolomide as a single dose 6 hours after the start of the 48 hour O6-BG infusion. The dose of 
temozolomide will be escalated according to the study design until the maximally tolerated dose has been 
reached. Starting dose will be the maximally tolerated dose used in the Duke Phase I study (472 mg/m2)
[12]. We hypothesize that in the absence of MGMT in the tumor tissue (caused by O6-BG) additional 
doses of temozolomide for the formation of DNA methyl adducts may not be necessary, but may enhance 
hematopoietic toxicity and thus hamper the optimal delivery of both drugs in combination. 
In addition, studies by Stupp et al. and Hegi et al. [13,14] it was shown that only patients with low 
levels of MGMT had a significant benefit from the combination of radiation (RT) and temozolomide. 
Thus, for patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter and high levels of MGMT expression (the target 
patient population of this study), improved therapies are required. In patients with low MGMT levels, the 
median survival was 21.7 months from temozolomide + RT versus 12.7 months for patients with high 
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MGMT levels. This predictive value of MGMT promoter methylation status was substantiated in a clinical 
study by the same author [15]. More recently, a high-throughput, real-time methylation-specific PCR-
based method to determine MGMT promoter methylation status was validated and made commercially 
available for screening patient tumor tissues [16]. Thus, a realistic goal of this work would be to provide 
patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter (indicative of de novo high MGMT activity) an outcome 
as good as the patients with low MGMT activity (a methylated MGMT promoter), i.e., increase median 
survival from 12.7 to 21.7 months.
In summary, the above-cited studies demonstrate that an increased median survival time correlates 
with low MGMT activity and that O6-BG can be administered at doses that show no significant toxicity 
while effectively depleting MGMT. This provides a good rationale for using the combination of O6-BG 
and BCNU or temozolomide. The published data further demonstrate that the dose limiting toxicity of this 
combination is mainly hematopoietic. Thus, the main objective of this protocol is to determine whether 
the dose of temozolomide in combination with O6-BG can be safely escalated without inducing 
myelosuppression by using genetically modified, P140K expressing stem cells.  
Clinical Trials of BCNU for Malignant Glioma
The use of BCNU has been shown to be effective in patients with malignant gliomas. One retrospective 
analysis reviewed the course of 114 patients with high-grade malignant gliomas who received high dose 
BCNU and underwent autologous transplant over a ten year period [17]. The patients received high dose 
BCNU at 800 mg/m2 about a month after surgical resection, followed by infusion of autologous bone 
marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. They then underwent radiation therapy to a total of 60 Gy. There 
were 4 deaths attributed to therapy, only in patients with a Karnofsky performance status under 70%. Six 
patients developed interstitial pneumonitis, one lethal (included in the aforementioned description of 4
deaths). There were a couple of long-term survivors, and the overall survival was 12 months for 
glioblastoma multiforme. An early study examined doses from 1050 1200 mg/m2 in eleven patients with 
malignant glioma, who then received autologous bone marrow transplants [18]. One patient died after a 
second 1200 mg/m2 dose, and another during the blood count nadir. Other complications included steroid 
responsive interstitial pneumonitis, centrilobular hepatic necrosis with resolution, and deep vein 
thrombosis. Another subsequent trial included 36 patients with malignant glioma who received 1050, 1200 
or 1350 mg/m2 BCNU followed by infusion of autologous bone marrow [19]. The overall response rate 
was 44% amongst those with progressive disease prior to transplant. Two of these remained alive at 60 
and 84 months after transplant. A later trial in 25 patients included high dose BCNU at 1050 mg/m2, then 
autologous bone marrow transplant, then 60 Gy whole-brain irradiation [20]. Toxicities included mild to 
moderate nausea and vomiting, mild neutropenia with 6 patients never reaching an absolute neutrophil 
count of less than 500/ l, and four deaths due to seizure (1), infections (2), or pulmonary hemorrhage (1). 
Lastly, a large retrospective study was performed by the EBMT of 217 patients with high-grade glioma 
who underwent treatment with 800 mg/m2 BCNU followed by autologous transplant and 40 Gy radiation 
[21]. There was a treatment related mortality of 4.5%, and a median overall survival of 20 months. 
Thus we propose to use the 600 mg/m2 dose of BCNU (as determined in Part I, initial cohort of 3 
patients) for our conditioning regimen to provide potentially increased tumor efficacy and significant 
myelosuppression, which should facilitate the engraftment of gene-modified stem cells. 
Preclinical Studies Using Retroviral Transfer of MGMT to Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Vector-containing medium harvested from murine packaging cell lines has been shown to contain factors 
which can negatively influence the transduction and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, we 
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generated a human packaging cell line with a gibbon ape leukemia virus pseudotype (Phoenix-GALV), 
and we evaluated vectors produced by Phoenix-GALV for their ability to transduce hematopoietic 
progenitor/stem cells. In three baboons, we used a competitive repopulation assay to directly compare 
GALV-pseudotype retrovirus vectors produced by either Phoenix-GALV or by the NIH 3T3-derived 
packaging cell line, PG13. In three additional baboons we compared Phoenix-GALV-derived vectors to 
more recently developed lentiviral vectors. Gene transfer efficiency into hematopoietic repopulating cells 
was assessed by evaluating the number of genetically modified peripheral blood and marrow cells using 
flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Transduction of hematopoietic repopulating cells was significantly 
higher using the Phoenix-GALV derived vector as compared to the PG13-derived vectors or lentiviral 
vectors [22]. Highest gene transfer with Phoenix-GALV was achieved when cells were transduced in the 
presence of IL-3, IL-6, SCF, M-GDF, Flt3-L, and G-CSF. Two animals were followed for more than 1 
year. Flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic subpopulations in these animals revealed transgene 
expression in CD13+ granulocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD61+ platelets, as well 
as red blood cells, indicating multilineage engraftment of cells transduced by Phoenix-GALV-pseudotype 
vectors. In addition, transduction efficiency into human CD34+ cells was significantly higher than 
transduction of baboon CD34+ cells, suggesting that Phoenix-GALV-derived gammaretroviral vectors 
may be more efficient in human stem cell gene therapy applications. More recent follow up in animals 
that received CD34+ cells transduced with Phoenix-GALV derived vectors confirmed the efficient and 
sustained marking. In addition we have shown that the use of G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood CD34+
cells results in highly efficient gene transfer to long-term repopulating cells when Phoenix-GALV derived 
vectors are used [23].
Successful genetic chemoprotection of hematopoietic stem cells using wild type MGMT as a 
selectable marker gene has been demonstrated in murine models. MGMT mutants highly resistant to the 
inhibitory action of O6-BG have been described. The use of these mutants has been shown to allow for in 
vivo enrichment of gene-modified cells and protection from O6-BG and BCNU-induced 
myelosuppression in mice. Recently, we were able to demonstrate in vivo selection and successful 
chemoprotection in a clinically highly relevant canine model. CD34-enriched marrow cells were 
transduced with a retroviral vector encoding the P140K mutant of the DNA repair enzyme methylguanine-
methyltransferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) [24]. Transduced cells were infused 
into two recipients conditioned with 920 cGy of total body irradiation. Gene marking in hematopoietic 
repopulating cells was assessed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. In the first dog (G069), we 
administered 5 mg/kg O6-BG and 0.4 mg/kg BCNU at 16 weeks after transplantation. We observed an 
increase in the proportion of gene-modified granulocytes from 15% to 55 65%. Selection was also 
observed in red blood cells (from a baseline of 12% to approximately 20%) and platelets (from a baseline 
of 9% to approximately 40%). Increases in gene marking in the different lineages were stable for 12 
months after the first round of drug selection. After 12 months, we re-treated the dog with an identical 
dose of O6-BG and BCNU. Marking rose to levels of 98% in granulocytes, 59% in red blood cells and 
30% in platelets, with a follow-up of currently 6 weeks after the second drug cycle. In contrast to the first 
drug cycle, there was no myelosuppression associated with the second cycle of chemotherapy, indicating 
successful marrow protection. The second dog (G154) received three cycles of O6-BG and a reduced dose 
of BCNU to avoid the pronounced myelosuppression associated with the first treatment cycle in G069. 
This dog showed in vivo selection to levels of approximately 55% in granulocytes. Selection was also 
observed in red blood cells and platelets. The multi-lineage increase in gene marking was maintained for 
7 months after the last drug cycle. We re-treated G154 with the same dose of BCNU (0.4 mg/kg) that had 
produced profound myelosuppression in G069. Peripheral blood counts remained within a normal range, 
indicating marrow protection. This dog showed in vivo selection to levels of approximately 95% in 
granulocytes. As before, selection was also observed in red blood cells and platelets. The multi-lineage 
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increase in gene marking was maintained for ~67 months after the last drug cycle. Toxicity in both animals 
was minimal, with myelosuppression after the initial but not later cycles of chemotherapy being the main 
side effect. Dog G069 had preexisting elevation of transaminases and cholestasis parameters that waxed 
and waned independent of the drug administration. The etiology of this finding is unclear. Both animals 
maintained their weight within ± 10% of the weight before the first dose of chemotherapy during all cycles. 
There were no clinical signs of toxicity. A morphological analysis of the bone marrow in both animals 12 
months (G069) or 7 months (G154) after the first cycle of chemotherapy showed trilineage hematopoiesis 
with no indication of leukemia or myelodysplasia. In 2 additional dogs we studied whether MGMT-
transduced stem cells would also mediate chemoprotection with O6-BG and temozolomide. After several 
cycles with slowly escalating drug doses, more than 80% of granulocytes and platelets expressed MGMT. 
When these animals received 5 mg/kg O6-BG and 800 or 900 mg/m2 of temozolomide, a dose that causes 
substantial thrombocytopenia in control dogs (platelets <15,000/ l), no significant myelosuppression was 
observed. Extrahematopoietic toxicity of these treatments was minimal.
Conclusions: These data from a clinically relevant canine model demonstrate that MGMT(P140K)-
transduced stem cells can provide effective marrow protection from intensive chemotherapy. These 
findings should have important implications for the use of dose-dense or dose-intensive chemotherapy in 
patients with malignant diseases.
IV.
Objectives
Primary Objectives
1. Determine the safety and feasibility of infusing autologous G-CSF mobilized stem cells transduced 
with a Phoenix-GALV-pseudotype vector expressing MGMT(P140K).
2. Define the dose of BCNU that results in efficient engraftment of gene modified cells when given 
with peripheral blood stem cell support.
Secondary Objectives
1. Determine the engraftment of gene-modified cells after conditioning with BCNU.
2. Determine the ability to select gene-modified cells in vivo with this regimen.
3. Evaluate the molecular and clonal composition of gene-modified cells after chemotherapy with 
temozolomide.
4. Observe patients for clinical anti-tumor response.
5. Determine the correlation of the level of MGMT(P140K) marking with toxicity, temozolomide 
dose achieved, and response.
6. Characterize the toxicity associated with this regimen.
V.
Patient Selection 
Inclusions  
1. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma.
2. The patient or legal guardian must be able to comprehend the informed consent form and sign 
prior to patient enrollment.
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3. Karnofsky performance status at time of study entry must be 70%. 
4. Patient must be at least 18 years old.
5. Life expectancy of 3 months.
6. Patients must agree to undergo repeat clinical neurological examinations and brain MRI with 
appropriate contrast after every other cycle of chemotherapy.
7. WBC >3000/ l, ANC >1500/ l, platelets >100,000/ l, hemoglobin >10 gm/100ml.
8. Total and direct bilirubin <1.5 times upper limit of laboratory normal. SGOT and SGPT 3 times 
upper limit of laboratory normal. Alkaline phosphatase 3 times upper limit of laboratory normal.
9. BUN and serum creatinine <1.5 times upper limit of laboratory normal.
10.
49% should have cardiology 
clearance prior to intervention.
11. MGMT promoter methylation analysis of surgically resected tumor or tumor biopsy must 
demonstrate an unmethylated or hypomethylated MGMT promoter status.
Exclusions  
1. Patients with cardiac insufficiency and an LVEF of <40%. History of coronary artery disease or 
arrhythmia, which has required or requires ongoing treatment.
2. Patients with active pulmonary infection and/or pulse oximetry <90% and a corrected DLCO 
<70% of predicted.
3. Active systemic infection.
4. Patients who are HIV positive.
5. Pregnant or lactating women. A beta-HCG level will be obtained from women of child-bearing 
potential. Fertile men and women should use effective contraception.
6. Previous chemotherapy for any malignancy including temozolomide, DTIC or prior nitrosourea. 
7. Diabetes mellitus.
8. Bleeding disorder.
9. Methylated or hypermethylated MGMT promoter status within tumor tissue.
10. Medical or psychiatric condition which in the opinion of the protocol chairman would compromise 
the patient's ability to tolerate this protocol.
11. Prior interstitial radiotherapy, stereotactic or gamma knife surgery or implanted BCNU-wafers.
VI.
Evaluation and Counseling of Patient
Patients who are referred for consultation will be evaluated completely. The protocol will be discussed 
thoroughly with the patient and family, and all known risks will be described. The chemotherapy and the 
gene transfer will be described in detail. Alternative treatment forms will be presented and discussed. A 
summary of the conference detailing what was covered in the conference will be dictated for the medical 
record. 
VII.
Protocol Registration 
Patients who have had their tumor resected or biopsied, who meet MGMT promoter methylation criteria, 
and who are deemed fit for trial admission by the attending neuro-oncologist and who wish to participate 
will sign the consent form and begin or continue radiation therapy. At the completion of radiation therapy, 
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an eligibility conference will be held with the Auto Team to discuss 
enrollment and receipt of experimental procedures.  
VIII. Plan of Treatment 
This Phase I/II nonrandomized, dose escalation study will enroll patients with newly diagnosed 
glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma. Each subject will have standard-of-care surgery and radiation 
therapy (without concomitant temozolomide, since this is of no added benefit to patients with an 
unmethylated MGMT promoter status [14,15,19,20,25]) followed by stem-cell mobilization and 
apheresis. The stem cells will be genetically modified in the laboratory to make them resistant to the 
chemotherapy. After re-infusion of the stem cells, patients can receive up to 24 cycles of concomitant O6-
BG and temozolomide.  
In Part I, the optimal dose of BCNU for conditioning, with genetically modified PBSC support, will 
be established. The optimal dose of BCNU will be used for the conditioning regimen in Part II. In Part II, 
following infusion of transduced cells and engraftment, the dose of O6-BG will be fixed, and the dose 
escalation of temozolomide in each cohort will go forward if there are at least 1% MGMT(P140K)+
granulocytes. Dose escalation of temozolomide in Part II will follow a standard 3+3 design, with each 
cohort of 3 subjects receiving a higher dose of temozolomide in the subsequent chemotherapy cycles in 
Part II.  
Surgical debulking or tumor biopsy*
 
Enrollment Consent
Radiation Therapy
 
Evaluation of eligibility criteria/Enrollment for intervention 
G-CSF stem cell mobilization and apheresis
CD34+ Separation and Transduction
BCNU (600mg/m2)
Infusion of transduced stem cells at least 24 hours after BCNU
Blood cell recovery (engraftment) and recovery from any BCNU-
related acute toxicity achieved
O6-BG and temozolomide starting at least 4 weeks after conditioning, 
once engraftment and BCNU recovery achieved
Prior to each cycle, patients will be evaluated for safety. See section 9.0.
We propose here in Part I to treat a total of 6 9 patients (an additional 3 6 patients) with the 
600 mg/m2 dose of BCNU, followed by intra-patient dose escalation of temozolomide in combination 
with a fixed dose of O6BG. The following define the initial dose of temozolomide post-conditioning, as 
well as allowable dose levels for intra-patient dose escalation of temozolomide in Part I. Conditioning is 
the first chemotherapy using BCNU. Only one dose level of BCNU (600mg/m2) will be studied in Part I, 
* MGMT promoter 
methylation status will be 
provided by the University 
of Washington and available 
to the PI to determine 
eligibility.
temozolomide will begin 
once BCNU dose for the 
conditioning regimen has 
been defined. Dose 
escalation will only be 
started if at least 1% 
MGMT(P140K)+
granulocytes are detected in 
the peripheral blood and the 
ANC is within retreatment 
criteria (>1.5 103/ml).
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as this dose was found to allow for efficient engraftment and minimize extrahematopoietic toxicities 
before the infusion of gene-modified cells in the first three patients enrolled in the study. Patients enrolled 
in Part I of the study will receive O6-BG and a fixed dose of temozolomide at 472 mg/m2 without any 
dose escalation for a minimum of two cycles (see Part I, subpart b and Section 15. Statistical 
Considerations, Subsection 8 regarding intra-patient dose-escalation). Patients can be retreated with O6-
BG and 472 mg/m2 of temozolomide at least every 4 weeks up to 96 weeks or 24 cycles if they meet the
retreatment criteria defined in the protocol (See Section 9. Evaluation, subsection C). Provided patients 
tolerate this dose for at least two cycles, as indicated by hematopoietic recovery consistent with 
retreatment criteria (included below) and at least 1% gene modified granulocytes in the peripheral blood 
within 28 42 days from the previous treatment, dose escalation in 25% increments, beginning with 590 
mg/m2 and not exceeding 925 mg/m2 temozolomide. If recovery occurs later than 42 days from the 
previous treatment, the previous dose should be reduced by 25%. If retreatment criteria are achieved 
within 28 42 days following the dose reduced cycle, escalation to the previous dose that caused delay is 
permitted, but must be tolerated for two consecutive cycles before further dose escalation may be 
attempted in that patient. Dose levels will be closed to intra-patient escalation if more than one patient 
experiences a DLT at that dose, or if one patient experiences a DLT at the escalated dose and a second 
patient experiences a DLT at a lower dose. If no additional patients experience a DLT at the same dose, 
escalation to that dose level may continue, but no further dose escalation may be attempted in the patient 
experiencing the DLT.
Dose escalation in Part II will follow a standard 3+3 design. Three patients will initially be enrolled 
at a dose level. If no patient experiences DLT, then escalation to the next level is permitted. Dose 
escalation/de-escalation will be by approximately 25%. If it becomes possible to have more than three 
patients enrolled within a given treatment period, the third patient treated will be observed for seven days 
before additional patients are treated at the next dose level. If 1 of 3 patients experiences DLT, then an 
additional 3 patients will be enrolled at the same dose level. If no further DLT is seen, then escalation to 
the next level is permitted. A second DLT in any number of patients will halt enrollment to that dose level, 
and the next lower dose level will be defined as the MTD. The MTD dose level cohort will then be 
similarly expanded to six patients. We anticipate enrollment of approximately 6 9 patients for Part I, and 
12 15 patients for Part II.
Part I 
1. Conditioning dose of BCNU
Dose level 1 BCNU 600 mg/m2 IV
2. Dose of temozolomide during O6-BG/temozolomide treatment after infusion of 
chemoprotected stem cells is initiated at 472 mg/m2 during this part of the study. 
Intra-patient dose escalation of temozolomide is permitted after the first two doses of O6-BG and 
temozolomide, provided that at least 1% MGMT(P140K)+ granulocytes are detected in the 
peripheral blood and criteria as outlined in Section 8, Part II, Criteria for Retreatment (below) are 
met. The escalated dose levels will be the same as for the inter-patient escalation of the initial 
temozolomide dose in Part II (590, 740, and 925 mg/m2). Please also see 15. Statistical 
Considerations.
Part II 
1. Conditioning dose of BCNU as defined in Part I (fixed at 600mg/m2)
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2. Dose of temozolomide after conditioning and infusion of chemoprotected stem cells (during 
O6-BG/temozolomide treatment)
Dose level 1
590 mg/m2 PO
Dose level 2
740 mg/m2 PO
Dose level 3
925 mg/ m2 PO
Dose escalation will only start if 1% MGMT(P140K)+ granuloctye cells are present with ANC 
1.5 103/ l as defined in retreatment criteria below. If these conditions are not met, the 
temozolomide dose will remain at 472 mg/m2.
A.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy should start within 35 days of surgery but can begin later if tumor stability is confirmed. 
Standard 3-D conformal and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy techniques will be allowed on this 
study. A total dose of 60.0 Gy delivered by single dose of 2 Gy given daily 5 days per week over the 
course of six weeks will be delivered with the combination of initial fields and boost field techniques. 
Patients will not receive concomitant temozolomide.
1. Equipment
Radiation will be administered by a linear accelerator with an isocentric treatment gantry that 
delivers x-rays of at least 6 MV. Radiation may also be delivered using proton radiotherapy by 
either passive scattering or pencil beam techniques. If proton therapy is used, the dose will be 
reported in Gy(RBE), where 1 Gy(RBE) = proton dose Gy x RBE (radiobiological effective dose), 
RBE = 1.1. Treatment planning CT or MRI scans shall be obtained on all patients, and simulation 
will be used for design and verification of fields.
2. Treatment Technique
Three dimensional (3D) treatment techniques which deliver the appropriate dose to the planning 
target volume (PTV) are required. Coplanar and non-coplanar techniques are allowed. A treatment 
planning CT is required. Ideally, preoperative MRI and immediate postoperative MRI (within 48 
hours following surgery) are used for treatment planning purposes after being superimposed on 
the treatment planning CT. In the absence of MRI, the treatment volumes should be determined 
by pre- and post-operative CT scans. Head immobilization through the use of a thermoplastic mask 
is strongly encouraged. Cerrobend blocks or multileaf collimators (MLC) are to be used for field 
shaping.
3. Treatment Delivery
Patients will be treated five days per week (Monday through Friday), excluding holidays. Patients 
are to be treated at least two times during the first week of treatment. Thus patients started on a 
Friday will require a Saturday treatment. The dose per fraction will be 2.0 Gy per day delivered to 
the isocenter. All fields are to be treated each day. Both isocenter and field verification films will 
be obtained prior to starting treatment. Field verification films or isocenter films will be obtained 
weekly unless there is a clinical indication to obtain more frequently.
4. Target Volumes
The initial gross tumor volume (GTV1) is defined as the T2 signal or FLAIR abnormality on a 
preoperative MRI. Two planning target volumes (PTV) will be defined, as outlined below.  
Initial Planning Target Volume (PTV1)
The initial clinical tumor volume (CTV1) is defined as the GTV1 plus a 2 cm margin of brain 
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parenchyma. The CTV1 margin may be reduced to 0.5cm around natural barriers to tumor 
growth such as the skull, ventricles, falx, etc., and also to allow sparing of the optic 
nerve/chiasm, if necessary. If no edema is present, the initial planning target volume (PTV1) 
shall be 0.3 0.5cm beyond CTV1 (this is equivalent to the GTV1 plus 2.3 2.5 cm), depending 
upon localization method and reproducibility, at each center. PTV margins account for 
variations in set-up and reproducibility. Reducing PTV margins to modify an organ at risk 
(OAR) dose(s) is not generally permissible. However, an OAR must be defined, along with a 
planning risk volume (PRV) for each OAR. Each PRV will be its OAR plus 3mm. In the event 
that an OAR is in immediate proximity to a PTV such that dose to the OAR cannot be 
constrained within protocol limits, a second PTV (PTVoverlap), defined as the overlap between 
the PTV2 and the particular PRV of concern, may be created (the overlap is the intersection 
between the PTV1 and the PRV). Dose to the PTVoverlap must be as close as permissible to 46 
Gy while not exceeding the OAR dose limit.
Boost Planning Target Volume (PTV2)
The boost gross tumor volume (GTV2) shall correspond to the region of gadolinium 
enhancement on a postoperative T1 MRI and must include the surgical cavity margins. The 
boost clinical tumor volume (CTV2) is GTV2 plus 2.0 cm. The CTV2 margin may be reduced 
to 0.5cm around natural barriers to tumor growth, such as the skull, ventricles, falx, etc., and 
also to allow sparing of the optic nerve/chiasm, if necessary. The boost planning target volume 
is 0.3 0.5 cm beyond this (equivalent to GTV2 plus 2.0 cm), depending on localization method 
and reproducibility, at each center. PTV margins account for variations in set-up and 
reproducibility. Reducing PTV margins to modify an organ at risk (OAR) dose(s) is not 
generally permissible. However, an OAR must be defined, along with a planning risk volume 
(PRV) for each OAR. Each PRV will be its OAR plus 3 mm. In the event that an OAR is in 
immediate proximity to a PTV such that dose to the OAR cannot be constrained within protocol 
limits, a second PTV (PTVoverlap), defined as the overlap between the PTV2 and the particular 
PRV of concern, may be created (the overlap is the intersection between the PTV1 and the 
PRV). Dose to the PTVoverlap must be as close as permissible to 14 Gy while not exceeding the 
OAR dose limit.
The initial target volume shall be treated to a dose of 46 Gy in 23 fractions. The boost target 
volume will be treated to a dose of 14 Gy (total dose 60 Gy) with 7 additional fractions of 2Gy 
each. For all patients, as mentioned above, two PTV prescriptions, PTV1 and PTV2 will be 
used and the prescription isodose (46 Gy for PTV1 and 14 Gy for PTV2) must cover >95% of 
the PTV volume; therefore, the total dose in the PTV2 volume will be 60 Gy. The minimum 
acceptable dose within PTV1 will be 41.4 Gy (90% of 46 Gy), and in the PTV2 volume, it will 
be 54 Gy (90% of 60 Gy). If the minimum dose falls below these parameters, a minor protocol 
deviation will be assigned. The maximum dose for the PTV1 (not including the PTV2 boost 
volume) should not exceed 50.6 Gy (110% of 46 Gy) and for the PTV2 dose should not exceed 
66 Gy (110% of 60 Gy). If the maximum doses exceed these parameters, a major protocol 
deviation will be assigned.
Up to 5 days of treatment interruption will be permitted for any reason. Interruptions of 6 to 7 
treatment days will be considered a minor protocol deviation. Interruptions of 8 treatment days 
or greater will be considered a major protocol deviation.  
5. Dose Limitation
In addition to the above defined GTVs, CTVs and PTVs, the lenses of both eyes, both retinae, both 
optic nerves, the optic chiasm, and the brainstem must be defined. The maximum point (defined 
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as a volume greater than 0.03 cc) doses permissible to the structures are listed in the table below.
Proton dose tolerances will be converted to RBE equivalent photon doses i.e., 7 Gy/1.1 = 6.36 Gy 
proton.
Critical Structure
Maximum Dose
Lenses
7 Gy
Retinae
50 Gy
Optic Nerves
55 Gy
Optic Chiasm
56 Gy
Brainstem
60 Gy
6. Withholding Radiation
Radiation treatment shall be delayed for WBC <1000 or platelets <20,000, and shall be resumed 
when the WBC reaches at least 1000 and platelets reach at least 20,000. 
7. Reporting Radiation Treatment
Pre- and post- operative scans, simulation films, and port films will be submitted to Radiation 
Oncology attending for review. Copies of the treatment plan with isodose curves will be submitted 
as well. The images submitted should be at 0.5 cm intervals starting 0.5 cm inferior to the PTV1 
through 0.5 cm superior to PTV1. The image containing the isocenter should be submitted as well. 
for any critical structure.
B.
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization
Upon completing radiation therapy, verification of eligibility criteria and enrollment for intervention, 
patients will receive G-CSF 16 g/kg subcutaneously daily, beginning on Day -7, to mobilize stem cells 
into the peripheral blood. To maximize the stem cell collection, apheresis will be performed on Days -4
and -3 (and possibly on Day -2) with concurrent G-CSF administration. Peripheral blood CD34+ counts 
will be obtained daily beginning on Day -5 and will stop when G-CSF administration stops.
A minimum of 2 106 unmanipulated CD34+ cells/kg should be cryopreserved as backup and a 
minimum of 2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg should be obtained following CD34 selection. Maximum cell 
capacity per CD34 selection is 120 109 total nucleated cells (TNCs). 
Following the first apheresis, both a total nucleated cell (TNC) count and a CD34+ cell count should 
be obtained. If >2.0 106 CD34+cells/kg were obtained, volume equivalent to 2 106 CD34+ cells/kg should 
be cryopreserved as unmanipulated backup according to CTL standard operating procedures (SOPs).
Remaining product should be held overnight according to CTL SOPs. If CD34+ content after the first 
apheresis is <2 106 CD34+ cells/kg or if the peripheral blood CD34+ cell count is <5/
on day 3 of 
mobilization with G-CSF alone, all product should be held overnight and the G-CSF dose should be 
increased to 16 g/kg B.I.D.
Plerixafor (AMD3100; Mozobil) may be administered if the peripheral blood CD34+ cell count is 
<5/
on day 3 of mobilization with G-CSF alone or after the first apheresis collection, at the discretion 
of the attending physician. Plerixafor should be administered at a dose of 240 g/kg subcutaneously within 
1 hour following administration of the evening G-CSF dose, if evening dose of G-CSF is given.
Administration of plerixafor should be discontinued after the last apheresis procedure such that no more 
than a total of 3 doses are given.
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If >2.0 106 CD34+ cells/kg were obtained and sufficient backup was cryopreserved during the first 
collection, product from the second apheresis on Day -3 will be analyzed for TNC only. If <2.0 106 CD34+
cells/kg were obtained during the first collection, a CD34+ count will also be performed and combined 
products from both apheresis collections equivalent to 2 106 CD34+ cells/kg should be cryopreserved as 
unmanipulated backup according to CTL SOPs. 
Any portion of 
apheresis product that 
was held overnight 
should 
be 
applied 
toward 
the 
TNC 
maximum 
first. 
If 
>120 109 TNCs are 
available from the 
remainder of the first 
collection, 
CD34 
selection 
should 
proceed with 120
109 TNCs and any 
remaining 
product 
should 
be 
cryopreserved 
as 
additional 
backup 
according to CTL 
SOPs. Product from the second collection on Day -3 should be held until completion of CD34 selection 
to verify that 2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg are obtained post-
106 CD34+ cells/kg are obtained 
following selection, all remaining product should be cryopreserved as backup. If <2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg 
are obtained following selection, apheresis product from the second collection on Day-3 should be 
submitted for additional CD34 selection.
If <120 109 TNCs remain within held overnight product from the first collection, the deficit can be 
filled by equivalent product from the second collection on Day -3 and pooled product should be submitted 
for CD34 selection. Any remaining product from the second collection on Day -3 should be held until 
completion of CD34 selection to verify that 2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg are obtained post-selection. If 
106 CD34+ cells/kg are obtained following selection, all remaining product should be cryopreserved 
as backup. If <2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg are obtained following selection, remaining apheresis product from 
the second collection on Day-3 should be submitted for additional CD34 selection.
If less than 2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg are obtained after 2 aphereses and subsequent CD34 selection, a
third apheresis will be performed. If, after the third apheresis and selection there are less than 2.5 106
CD34+ cells/kg available for transduction, the patient will be eligible for BCNU administration with 
unmanipulated stem cell support at the discretion of the attending physician, but will not be eligible to 
continue on the protocol for the administration of gene modified cells.
Collection, Cryopreservation and Selection Decision Tree:
Summary of Mobilization, Collection and Selection Procedures:
Day
Procedure(s)
-7
G-CSF
-6
G-CSF
-5
G-CSF (Possible plerixafor) / PBL CD34+ count 
-4
G-CSF (Possible plerixafor) / PBL CD34+ count / Apheresis #1 
-3
G-CSF (Possible plerixafor) / PBL CD34+ count / Apheresis #2 
-2
BCNU or Apheresis #3*
-1
Rest or BCNU*
0
Infusion of gene modified cells (or backup)
* If <2.5 106 CD34+ cells/kg were obtained for transduction following selection of 
Apheresis products #1 and #2.
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106 CD34+ cells/kg? *
Submit any remaining 
apheresis product for 
CD34 selection. 
Schedule 3rd apheresis
on Day -2 and submit 
directly to CD34 
selection. If total number 
of CD34+ cells after final 
selection is < 2.5 x 106
CD34+ cells/kg, STOP
Yes
No
Proceed with CD34+
selection; first 
106 CD34+ cells/kg?
Cryopreserve equivalent of 2.0 x 
106 CD34+ cells/kg as 
unmanipulated backup; Is remaining 
product > 120 x 109 TNCs?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Proceed with 
transduction; 
cryopreserve all
remaining 
apheresis
product as 
backup
Submit additional 
product from Aphereisis
#1 or Apheresis #2 for 
CD34 selection.  
Combined selection 
6
CD34+ cells/kg? 
Yes
No
Proceed with 
transduction; 
cryopreserve any 
remaining 
apheresis product 
as backup
Hold product overnight 
per SOP. Apheresis #2
Day -3. Is remaining 
Apheresis Product #1 + 
Apheresis
120 x 109 TNCs?
Yes
No
Submit 120 x 109 TNCs 
for CD34+ selection using 
all of apheresis product 
#1; hold remaining 
apheresis product #2. 
106 CD34+ cells/kg?
No
Yes
Proceed with 
transduction; 
cryopreserve
any remaining 
apheresis
product as 
backup
Hold product overnight per SOP. Apheresis #2 Day 
-3. Is Apheresis Product #1 + Apheresis product #2 
6 CD34+ cells/kg?
All product should be 
cryopreserved;STOP
Yes
No
Cryopreserve equivalent 
of 2.0 x 106 CD34+ 
cells/kg as unmanipulated
109 TNCs to CD34 
selection. Selection yield 
6 CD34+ 
cells/kg?
Yes
No
Submit any remaining apheresis
product for CD34 selection. 
Schedule 3rd apheresis on Day -2
and submit directly to CD34 
selection. If total number of CD34+
cells after final selection is < 2.5 x 
106 CD34+ cells/kg, STOP
C.
Apheresis
Intermediate or large volume apheresis will be performed according to standard operating procedures 
established at the SCCA and UW. The Apheresis Team will make the determination whether subjects 
have adequate venous access or need a central line placed.  
D.
CD34+ Cell Selection
To separate and enrich CD34+ cells from PBSC for transplantation, we will use the CliniMACS device, 
which is a continuous flow system that utilizes super-paramagnetic MicroBeads conjugated to monoclonal 
mouse anti-human CD34 antibody. The cells are incubated with the MicroBeads. The CD34+ cells bind 
to the beads and are trapped with a magnetic field. The CD34+ cells pass through the field. The magnetic 
field is released and the CD34+ cells are collected. This selection strategy typically results in a CD34+ cell 
recovery of ~50% with a purity of ~95% [26].
E.
Retroviral Transduction 
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CD34+ cells will be transduced in our GMP facility. We will transduce G-CSF-mobilized human 
peripheral blood CD34-enriched cells with concentrated Phoenix-GALV pseudotype vector provided by 
the National Gene Vector Laboratories. Availability of adequate amounts of viral stock will be verified 
prior to patient enrollment. After the first transduction, cells will be cultured in growth medium overnight, 
and the cells will be transduced again the following morning. Immediately after the second transduction, 
the cells will be harvested. Aliquots of the transduced and mock-transduced cells will be plated into liquid 
culture and into a soft agar CFC assay. Transduction efficiency into the bulk CD34-enriched population 
will be assessed by quantitative PCR and by flow cytometry for MGMT positive cells on day 3 after 
transduction. Colony growth will be used as an indication of the health of the cultured CD34-enriched 
population. Single colonies will be picked from the soft agar on day 14 after plating and DNA isolated 
from these colonies will be subjected to PCR in order to determine gene transfer efficiency into 
progenitors. Aliquots of transduced and mock-transduced cells and the supernatants from the 
prestimulation and the virus exposures will be cryopreserved for sterility and RCR testing.
F.
BCNU Escalation and Administration for the Conditioning Regimen in Part I
One day after completion of stem cell collection, high dose chemotherapy with BCNU will be initiated. 
BCNU should be given IV over 3 hours with recommended premedication including dexamethasone (20
mg IV), diphenhydramine (1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 50 mg IV) and ranitidine (50 mg IV) for 
prevention of cytokine release syndrome during administration. BCNU dosing for the conditioning 
regimen will be 600 mg/m2.
G.
Reinfusion of Genetically-Modified Cells 
The re-infusion should occur no less than 24 hours after the conditioning chemotherapy with BCNU and 
after cells have tested negative for bacterial contamination by gram stain and endotoxin assay. Aliquots 
of gene-modified cells will also be tested for bacterial cultures, mycoplasma and replication competent 
retrovirus (RCR). The RCR assay result is not required to be completed prior to infusion for cells in culture 
less than 96 hours. 
No toxicities are expected, but patients will be closely monitored. Twelve patients have received 
infusions of gene-modified hematopoietic progenitor cells at this institution: five patients enrolled in this 
study, two patients after autologous transplantation for malignancy, two patients with leukocyte adhesion 
deficiency, and three patients with Gaucher's disease; no complications were observed. The infusion of 
gene-modified cells will be performed under physician supervision. Patients will be monitored for 2 hours 
after infusion. Toxicity will be assessed according to NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) version 
CTCAEv3. The study will be stopped and re-evaluated for any grade 4 toxicity.
1. Infusion Procedures (Treated as Fresh Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells):
Timing
Cells are infused no earlier than 24 hours following administration of BCNU as conditioning 
chemotherapy and should be infused as soon as possible upon arrival to the infusion site.
Volume
The volume of gene-modified cells for infusion should be 200 ml.
Medications
i.
To avoid allergic reactions to the cell product, the following medication must be 
administered 15 minutes before the start of the infusion:  
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Diphenhydramine, 50 mg IV.
Acetaminophen (500 650 mg, PO) and Hydrocortisone (1 mg/kg) may also be given.
If there is a history of true anaphylaxis to diphenhydramine (Benadryl), the patient 
must be treated with an alternative histamine 1 receptor blocker to prevent the 
potential allergic reactions to the cell product. The alternative for adults is 
promethazine (Phenergan) at a dose of 12.5 25 mg IV.
ii.
Anti-emetics optional.
iii.
Have emergency anaphylaxis medications available at the bedside as per standard 
practice guidelines.
Filtration
Filter through a blood or platelet administration set with 150-260 micron mesh size.
Product Infusion Rate
Infuse cell product at 0.5 times maintenance rate for the first 15 minutes (do not "piggyback" 
into any other fluids). Increase as tolerated, up to a maximum of 2 times maintenance, until 
completed. 
Monitoring
i.
Emergency 
equipment 
and 
medications 
(diphenhydramine, 
epinephrine, 
hydrocortisone, etc.) must be immediately available.
ii.
A nurse familiar with adverse signs of fresh or cryopreserved cell product infusion 
(rash, fever, chills, dyspnea, bronchospasm, hypotension, cyanosis, chest or back 
pain, etc.) must attend the patient during infusion.
iii.
A physician or mid-level provider familiar with the effects of fresh or cryopreserved 
cell product infusion must be available for emergency consultation.
iv.
Complete vital signs (BP, pulse, respirations, temperature) and body weight must be 
obtained before the start of the infusion. Vital signs should be obtained after 15 
minutes, then q60 minutes until 2 hours after the completion of infusion. At any 
suspicion of cardiac problem, obtain ECG.
v.
After the infusion, flush the central catheter with normal saline.
Concomitant Infusions:
No medications or fluids should be given "piggy-back" with the infusion of stem cell product 
(fresh or cryopreserved), although they may be given through the other lumen of the catheter. 
Amphotericin, antibodies, investigational medications, or blood products should not be given 
concomitantly because of difficulty in evaluating reactions. Cells must not be infused during 
plasmapheresis or dialysis.
Reactions:
Some patients may develop a reaction to the cultured, gene-modified cell product which may 
cause severe hypotension, cramping, dyspnea, nausea, diarrhea, and cardiac conduction 
abnormalities. Anaphylaxis occurs rarely. Bradycardia (rarely heart block) and hypertension 
have been reported to occur within 2-6 hours after the infusion. Blood pressure elevations are 
often transient and asymptomatic.
Allergic Reaction: Anaphylactic reactions are rare, but dramatic, and may occur with the start 
of the infusion. If a reaction occurs, stop the infusion and treat the patient with therapy for this 
type of reaction. See Anaphylaxis Emergency / Drug Chart Reference.
Pulmonary Micro-Embolism: Clumps of cell debris may occur. Therefore, all products should 
be infused through a filter. If the patient complains of chest pain, dyspnea or coughing, slow 
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the infusion or complete the bag and administer oxygen. If symptoms persist, obtain ECG and 
notify physician. If clumping is excessive, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) may be added by the 
Cellular Therapy laboratory technician (watch for signs of hypocalcemia).
2.
Back-up cells may be infused instead of gene-modified cells if the gene-modified cells do not meet 
infusion criteria, for example, if the gene-modified cells have a high level of endotoxin or are 
positive on Gram stain. The clinical condition of the patient, as determined by the attending, (i.e., 
active infection with prolonged neutropenia) will also dictate whether back-up cells should be 
employed. Infusion of back-up cryopreserved cells should proceed according to standard practice 
guidelines for infusion of cryopreserved hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Back-up cryopreserved, stored cells may be infused if the patient does not engraft. Criteria for 
failure to engraft would be an absolute neutrophil count of <500 at Day 28 after transplantation.  
Back-up cell infusion would also be considered for prolonged thrombocytopenia, defined as 
platelet count not recovered to 25,000 by day 40, independent of transfusion. Back-up cells will 
be cryopreserved and made available for patients as medically indicated and at the discretion of 
the clinician.  
H.
Part II: Temozolomide Dose Escalation and Administration in combination with O6-BG 
after Part I is completed.
Doses of drugs for Part II will proceed as follows:
1. Conditioning dose of BCNU as defined in Part I (600mg/m2)
2. Dose of temozolomide after conditioning and infusion of chemoprotected stem cells (during 
O6-BG/temozolomide treatment)
Dose level 1
590 mg/m2 PO
Dose level 2
740 mg/m2 PO
Dose level 3
925 mg/ m2 PO
Note: Dose escalation will only start if 1 % MGMT(P140K)+ granuloctyes cells are present and 
criteria as outlined in Section 8, Part II, Criteria for Retreatment (below) are met. If these 
conditions are not met, the temozolomide dose will remain at 472 mg/m2.
Thus, temozolomide dosing for cycles after conditioning and stem cell infusion will begin at 590 mg/m2.
The temozolomide dose will be increased in approximately 25% increments in subsequent cohorts until 
the MTD is reached (see Statistical considerations, Table 1). Intra-patient dose escalation will be permitted 
after the first two doses of O6-BG and temozolomide, provided that at least 1% of peripheral blood 
granulocytes are positive for the MGMT(P140K) gene and criteria as outlined in Section 8, Part II, Criteria 
for Retreatment (below) are met. No escalation of temozolomide above 925 mg/m2 is permitted. Should a 
patient experience DLT at an escalated dose of temozolomide, additional courses of temozolomide will 
be given at the previous dose without DLT, and no further intra-patient escalation may occur in that
patient. Please also see 10. Primary Endpoints and 15. Statistical Considerations.
Treatment courses may be repeated at least every 28 days for a total of 24 courses (96 weeks). The 
body surface area (BSA) will be calculated before the start of each cycle to determine the dose of 
temozolomide to be administered for that cycle. The height obtained at the pretreatment visit and the 
weight obtained at each study visit prior to dosing will be used to calculate BSA. 
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O6-BG and Temozolomide Administration 
O6-BG should be administered intravenously over 1 hour at a dose of 120 mg/m2, followed immediately 
by O6-BG 30 mg/m2/day for approximately 48 hours (equivalent to 1.25 mg/m2/hr 48 hours). If the 
infusion is interrupted for less than 2 hours, it can be continued at the same rate to complete the planned 
dose. Temozolomide should be administered orally, in a fasting state, within one hour of the end of the 
bolus O6-BG infusion.
1. G-CSF/Filgrastim 
Treatment may be instituted for a grade 4 febrile neutropenia or asymptomatic grade 3 or 4 
neutropenia. The dose of G-CSF will be 5 g/kg daily given either SQ or IV. Patients will continue 
to receive G-CSF until ANC >5000 cells/mm3.
2. Criteria for Retreatment
Patients must have evidence of recovery from prior course toxicity, as indicated by:
i.
ANC 1500/
(off G-CSF for at least 2 days)
ii.
Platelets 100,000/
(transfusion independent)
iii.
Hgb >8 g/dl (transfusion independent)
iv.
SGOT <5.0 times the upper limit of normal and SGPT <5.0 times the upper limit of 
normal
v.
Total bilirubin <1.5 times upper normal
bilirubin is <1.5 times the upper limit typically observed in that patient.
vi.
Creatinine <1.5 times upper normal
vii.
Non-hematological toxicities associated with the BCNU course, infusion of gene-
modified cells, or previous cycle of O6-BG/temozolomide (with the exception of nausea, 
vomiting, and alopecia) should have resolved to grade 1 or baseline function (see CTC).
3. Duration of Therapy
O6-BG/temozolomide treatments will start after hematopoietic recovery from BCNU course, 
indicated by an ANC of 1500/µl and platelet count 100,000/µl, provided no additional non-
hematologic toxicities associated with the infusion of gene-modified cells or BCNU conditioning
are evident (with the exception of nausea, vomiting, and alopecia; 
2.
above). Minimum cycle length for chemotherapy is 4 weeks. O6-BG/temozolomide cycles may 
be repeated every 28 days. Patients may continue O6-BG/temozolomide therapy for a maximum 
of 24 courses (96 weeks) if they do not exhibit unacceptable toxicity and there is no clinical and 
radiographic evidence of unequivocal progressive disease. Any patient with unequivocal 
progressive disease, as assessed by the attending neuro-oncologist or the neuro-oncology tumor 
board will be removed from study.
Subjects who do not complete the study protocol will be considered to have prematurely 
discontinued the study. The reasons for premature discontinuation must be recorded on the case 
report form. Potential reasons for premature discontinuation include:
i.
The development of a life-threatening infection.
ii.
The judgment of the treating physician that the patient is too ill to continue.
iii.
Patient noncompliance with study therapy and/or clinic appointments.
iv.
Pregnancy.
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v.
Voluntary withdrawal; a patient may remove him/herself from the study at any time 
without prejudice.
vi.
Significant and rapid unequivocal progression of disease as assessed by the attending 
neuro-oncologist or the neuro-oncology tumor board. (See definition of Progressive 
Disease in section 10.B.1. Response.)
vii.
Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be possibly or probably related to genetically modified 
stem cell infusion.
viii. A delay of more than 14 days in the administration of treatment.
ix.
Termination of the study by the principal investigator, the IRB, or the Food and Drug 
Administration.
4. Supportive Care Guidelines for Both BCNU and O6BG/temozolomide
Supportive care measures should be initiated as per institutional practice or in accordance with the 
guidelines below.
G-CSF
Administration of G-CSF will be allowed.
Blood products
All blood products should be administered according to standard practice guidelines.
Platelets
Transfuse as necessary to maintain the platelet count at >20,000/mm3 following chemotherapy.
Red blood cells
Therapy induced anemia and reticulocytopenia are expected. Transfuse with irradiated packed 
red blood cells to maintain hematocrit >20 25%.
Pneumocystis prophylaxis (PCP)
All patients should receive PCP therapy as per standard practice guidelines during transplant 
and chemotherapeutic administration. 
Neutropenic fever
Patients with fever (>38° C) and ANC <500 will be evaluated promptly, cultured and treated 
with broad spectrum antibiotics, with an attempt to avoid nephrotoxic drugs. Antifungal 
treatment should be given to those patients who have received at least 5 7 days of IV broad 
spectrum antibiotics with persistent fevers and those with documented fungal colonization or 
CT evidence of systemic fungal disease. Patients will be treated per Standard Practice 
Guidelines:
Nutritional management
Any patients with greater than 10% weight loss from pretreatment baseline should begin 
nutritional support.
Antiemetics
The preferred anti-emetic for glioma patients receiving O6-BG/temozolomide chemotherapy 
is Ondansetron 12 to 16 mg PO or IV one half hour before chemo, then 8 to 16 mg Q8 hours
up to 36 hours, then 8 mg Q8 hours PRN. Antiemetics for BCNU chemotherapy should be 
those recommended per standard practice guidelines.
IX.
Evaluation
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A.
Before G-CSF and possible plerixafor mobilization, Apheresis and BCNU Treatment
1. Medical history as per standard practice guidelines. 
2. Physical Exam including neurological, vital signs, weight and height
3. MGMT promoter methylation status in tumor cells must be unmethylated or hypomethylated.
4. Laboratory work per standard practice guidelines for transplant patients: 
i.
CBC with differential
ii.
Comprehensive metabolic panel (SCOMP) and Hematopoietic stem cells Transplant 
panel (SHSCT)
iii.
CMV titer
iv.
HSV, VZV titers
v.
ABO, Rh typing and antibody screen
vi.
Recipient/Patient Battery
vii.
HIV-1 P24 Antigen Quantitation
viii. HCG (quantitative pregnancy) if clinically indicated
ix.
Urinalysis
x.
Anticonvulsant level as clinically indicated on Day 0 of transplant
5. Procedures per standard practice guidelines for transplant patients (with exception of Brain MRI):
i.
Brain MRI (performed as follow-up to completion of radiation therapy per standard 
neuro-oncology/radiation oncology guidelines).
ii.
MUGA scan (multiple gated acquisition scan or Echocardiogram to assess heart 
function
iii.
12-lead ECG, Chest x-ray (PA and LAT)
iv.
Pulmonary Function Test (DLCO)
v.
Oral Medicine Exam including Panarex if clinically indicated
vi.
Gynecology consultation (female subjects)
vii.
Unilateral bone marrow aspiration and biopsy for pathology review, cytogenetics and 
flow cytometry
B.
Evaluation prior to infusion of genetically modified cells
Evaluation before the infusion of genetically modified cells will be done as per FDA guidelines. Cells 
need to be negative by Gram stain before re-infusing. Endotoxin test must also be completed.
C.
Evaluation during O6-BG/temozolomide treatment 
1. Physical exam including neurological, vital signs, and weight before each cycle
2. CBC with differential weekly
3. Comprehensive metabolic panel (sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, glucose, BUN, 
creatinine, calcium, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, AST/ALT, alk phos, globulin, A/G ratio) 
every 2 weeks and before each treatment
4. Anticonvulsant level(s) as clinically indicated
5. Urinalysis
before each treatment.
6. Pulmonary function test as clinically indicated.
7. MRI of brain after every other treatment cycle or more frequently if clinically indicated.
8. Blood will be evaluated before each treatment for the presence of the transgene.
9. If feasible, serum levels of temozolomide and O6-BG will be monitored following dose escalation 
to verify physiological dose achieved. 
10. Long term follow-up as outlined below.
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D.
Testing for Replication Competent Retrovirus
Retrovirus in Retroviral Vector Based Gene Therapy Products and During Follow-up of Patients in 
testing for replication competent retrovirus (RCR) pretreatment, and at 3, 6, and 12 months for the first 
year and annually thereafter. If all post-treatment assays are negative during the first year, subsequent 
yearly samples will be archived. Samples will be archived with appropriate safeguards to ensure long-
term storage and an efficient system for the prompt linkage and retrieval of the stored samples with the 
medical records of the patient and the production lot records. If any post-treatment samples are positive, 
further analysis of the RCR and more extensive patient follow-up will be undertaken, in consultation with 
CBER.
E.
Long-Term Follow-up
Trials -
er this guidance, 
-
term follow-up observations are necessary to mitigate long-
The patients on this study will have follow-up clinical visits every 1 3 months for the first two years post 
infusion, then every 3 6 months through year five. A minority of patients with high-grade glioma survive 
to beyond two years with current treatment.  
At clinical follow-up visits, patients will be examined for clinical evidence suggestive of retroviral 
disease, such as cancer, neurologic disorders, or other hematologic disorders. Additionally, samples will 
be collected to determine levels of gene modified cells in peripheral blood. Suspect clinical symptoms or 
findings may trigger RCR analysis of archived samples and/or taking additional samples, in consultation 
with CBER. If patients die or develop neoplasms, every effort will be made to assay for RCR in a biopsy 
sample of the neoplastic tissue or the pertinent autopsy tissue. At clinic visits (as described above), patients 
will undergo physical examination and laboratory testing including CBC with differential, comprehensive 
metabolic panel and levels of gene modified cells. In case histories, physicians will record details of all 
exposures to mutagenic agents and other medications. Physicians will record the emergence of new 
clinical conditions, including new malignancies, new incidence or exacerbation of a pre-existing
neurologic disorder, new incidence or exacerbation of a prior rheumatologic or other autoimmune 
disorder, and new incidence of a hematologic disorder. Study subjects and health providers will be asked 
to cooperate in reporting delayed adverse events, including unexpected illness and hospitalization.  
For those patients who survive beyond five years, patients will be contacted at least annually.  Patients 
will generally be seen by their doctors in their local area. However, for visits that are purely study-related, 
the University of Washington General Clinical Research Center (which has approved this trial) is available 
to assist in the long-term follow-up of participants in NIH-funded gene transfer clinical trials (per NCRR).
X.
Primary Endpoints 
A.
Safety
1. Definition of dose-limiting toxicity
a) Non-Hematologic Dose-Limiting Toxicity
Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) will be defined as any Grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity that 
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is likely related to the investigational procedures
b) Hematologic dose-limiting toxicity for dose escalation of temozolomide during Part I
Grade 4 neutropenia of >7 days duration (despite G-CSF administration)
Grade 4 thrombocytopenia >7 days duration
c) Hematologic dose-limiting toxicity for dose escalation of temozolomide during Part II:
Grade 4 neutropenia of >7 days duration (despite G-CSF administration)
Grade 4 thrombocytopenia >7 days duration
Delay of >14 days beyond the planned interval between treatment courses due to 
hematologic toxicity after the first cycle of O6-BG and temozolomide
2. Development of replication competent retrovirus or leukemia
Any development of RCR or leukemia 
B.
Efficacy
MRI with and without gadolinium contrast will be the imaging procedure used to judge response as below. 
Note that contrast-enhanced CT may be used for patients who cannot undergo MRI (for example, those 
patients with embedded metal fragments, cardiac pacemakers). Due to the high incidence of 
pseudoprogression, defined as an increase in enhancement within the irradiated field that spontaneously 
subsides without new antitumor treatments, in GBM patients within the first 12 weeks following 
completion of radiotherapy or more commonly chemo-radiotherapy, and given the primary dose-finding 
endpoint of this study, enrolled patients will not be considered evaluable for tumor response until 12 weeks
following the completion of radiotherapy [27-31]. For the purpose of this study, we are utilizing modified 
RANO criteria [32]. RANO criteria describe response assessment in patients following chemo-
radiotherapy, however, pseudo-progression can occur after radiation only. We will be using RANO 
criteria for this study with the understanding that all subjects receive radiotherapy alone, followed by 
chemotherapy.
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Table 1. Criteria for Determining First
Progression Depending on Time from Initial 
Chemoradiotherapy [32]*
First Progression
Definition
Progressive disease <12 weeks 
after completion of 
chemotherapy
Progression can only be defined using diagnostic imaging if there is 
new enhancement outside of the radiation field (beyond the high-
dose region or 80% isodose line) or if there is unequivocal evidence 
of viable tumor on histopathologic sampling (e.g., solid tumor areas 
[i.e., >70% tumor cell nuclei in areas], high or progressive increase 
in MIB-1 proliferation index compared with prior biopsy, or 
evidence for histologic progression or increased anaplasia in tumor). 
Note, Given the difficulty of differentiating true progression from 
pseudoprogression, clinical decline alone, in the absence of 
radiographic or histologic confirmation of progression, will not be 
sufficient for definition of progressive disease in the first 12 weeks
after completion of radiation* or concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Progressive disease
12 weeks
after chemoradiotherapy 
completion
1. New contrast-enhancing lesion outside of radiation field on 
decreasing, stable, or increasing doses of corticosteroids.
2. Increase by 25% in the sum of the products of perpendicular 
diameters between the first post-radiotherapy scan, or a 
subsequent scan with smaller tumor size, and the scan at 12 
weeks or later on stable or increasing doses of corticosteroids.
3. Clinical deterioration not attributable to concurrent medication 
or comorbid conditions is sufficient to declare progression on 
current treatment but not for entry onto a clinical trial for 
recurrence.
4. For patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy, significant 
increase in T2/FLAIR nonenhancing lesion may also be 
considered progressive disease. The increased T2/FLAIR must 
have occurred with the patient on stable or increasing doses of 
corticosteroids compared with baseline scan or best response 
after initiation of therapy and not be a result of comorbid events 
(e.g., effects of radiation therapy, demyelination, ischemic 
injury, infection, seizures, postoperative changes, or other 
treatment effects).
Abbreviation: FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
*Modified for use in this study to evaluate and distinguish progressive disease from pseudoprogression after radiation and/or 
chemotherapy.
-angiogenic therapy will not be allowed while the patient is 
on the protocol.
Reprinted from Wen et al., Updated Response Assessment Criteria for High-Grade Gliomas: Response Assessment in Neuro-
Oncology Working Group. J Clin Oncol 28:1963-1972, 2010.
1. Response
a) Complete Response (CR) 
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Requires all of the following: complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and non-
measurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; stable or improved non-
enhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions; patients must be off corticosteroids (or on physiologic 
replacement doses only); and stable or improved clinically. Note: Patients with non-
measurable disease only cannot have a complete response; the best response possible is stable
disease.
b) Partial Response (PR) 
Requires all of the following: >50% decrease compared with baseline in the sum of products
of perpendicular diameters of all measurable enhancing lesions sustained for at least 4 weeks; 
no progression of non-measurable disease; no new lesions; stable or improved non-enhancing 
(T2/FLAIR) lesions on same or lower dose of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan;
the corticosteroid dose at the time of the scan evaluation should be no greater than the dose
at time of baseline scan; and stable or improved clinically. Note: Patients with non-measurable
disease only cannot have a partial response; the best response possible is stable disease.
c) Stable Disease (SD)
Requires all of the following: does not qualify for complete response, partial response, or
progression; stable non-enhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions on same or lower dose of corticosteroids
compared with baseline scan. In the event that the corticosteroid dose was increased for new
symptoms and signs without confirmation of disease progression on neuroimaging, and
subsequent follow-up imaging shows that this increase in corticosteroids was required because
of disease progression, the last scan considered to show stable disease will be the scan obtained
when the corticosteroid dose was equivalent to the baseline dose.
d) Progressive Disease (PD)
Note: The criteria for establishing progressive disease within the first 12 weeks from 
completion of radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy (described above).
Progressive disease is defined by any of the following: >25% increase in sum of the products
of perpendicular diameters
of enhancing lesions compared with
the smallest tumor
measurement obtained either at baseline (if no decrease) or best response, on stable or
increasing doses of corticosteroids; significant increase in T2/FLAIR non-enhancing lesion
on stable or increasing doses of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan or best response
after initiation
of therapy not caused by comorbid events
(e.g.,
radiation therapy,
demyelination, ischemic injury, infection, seizures, postoperative changes, or other treatment
effects); any new lesion; clear clinical deterioration not attributable to other causes apart from
the
tumor (e.g.,
seizures, medication
adverse
effects,
complications of
therapy,
cerebrovascular events, infection, and so on) or changes in corticosteroid dose; failure to
return for evaluation as a result of death or deteriorating condition; or clear progression of
non-measurable disease.
e) Brain MRI
Standard MRI scan of the brain without and with administration of intravenous contrast will 
be performed on all patients at the times specified above. Standard 2 dimensional (2D) 
measurements for response assessment will be obtained. In addition, volumetric analysis may 
be performed if available.
Once evaluable, duration of response will be measured from the onset of temozolomide therapy 
through the date at which unequivocal disease progression is determined by the attending 
neuro-oncologist or the neuro-oncology tumor board. At that time, the patient will be removed 
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from the protocol and can be treated with other appropriate therapy. Survival will be measured 
from the first day of treatment until death. Patients will be followed until death. 
Time to progression (TTP) will be measured from the first day of treatment until unequivocal 
progression is documented. 
In order to be evaluable, a patient: 
i.
Must have an MRI scan at appropriate time intervals, as clinically indicated or at a 
minimum of every other chemotherapy cycle.
ii.
Must receive at least one full dose of temozolomide in cycle 1.
iii.
Must remain off steroids or on stable dose of steroids (see criteria above).
iv.
Must have study parameter data set complete. 
2. Gene transfer efficiency and in vivo selection
Gene marking in peripheral blood and marrow will be assessed on a monthly basis.
3. Chemoprotection
The ability to increase the temozolomide dose beyond 472 mg/m2.
XI.
Chemotherapy Medications and Growth Factors
A.
Drug Formulations
1. BCNU 
(1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1 -nitrosourea) (NSC-409962) (Carmustine) (BiCNU). BCNU is a lipid 
soluble agent which has alkylating properties, plus an isocyanate metabolite which interferes with 
DNA and RNA synthesis. 
Toxicities:
The most frequent and most serious toxicity of BCNU is delayed 
myelosuppression. Pulmonary infiltrates and/or fibrosis, dry cough and difficulty breathing 
have been reported. Cases of fatal pulmonary toxicity with BCNU have been reported. Nausea 
and vomiting are very common. A reversible hepatic toxicity is demonstrated by elevated 
SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Renal abnormalities consisting of progressive 
azotemia, decrease in kidney size and renal failure have been reported. Thrombophlebitis and 
local ulceration occur if extravasation occurs. Venous pain and flushing during injection and a
brownish discoloration of skin on contact have also occurred. Rapid infusion may produce 
intensive flushing. Neuroretinitis has been reported. The occurrence of acute leukemia and 
bone marrow dysplasia has been reported in patients following long-term nitrosourea therapy. 
The occurrence of acute leukemia has been reported rarely in patients treated with 
anthracycline/alkylator combination chemotherapy.
Kinetics: IV BCNU is rapidly degraded to active metabolites. Sixty to 70% is excreted in the 
urine in 96 hours and 10% as respiratory CO. Because of the high lipid solubility, it crosses 
the blood-brain barrier readily.
Formulation: BCNU is supplied as a lyophilized powder containing no preservatives. Due to 
its water insolubility, it is to be reconstituted with the diluent provided (3 ml of absolute 
ethanol) and then with either 27 ml or 17 ml of sterile water for injection to provide a resulting 
concentration of 3.3 mg/ml or 5 mg/ml, respectively.
Storage and Stability: Stability upon reconstitution (less than 8% potency lost) is eight hours 
at room temperature or 24 hours if refrigerated and protected from light. BCNU solution may 
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be further diluted with 500 ml of 5% Dextrose OR sodium chloride injection, USP, and will 
be stable for 8 hours. Diluted solution should be protected from light. Unopened vials are stable 
under refrigeration for two years. BCNU has a low melting point requiring refrigeration at 
all times prior to reconstitution. Do not use if an oil film is present at the bottom of vial.
Administration: BCNU should be administered by IV drip over three hours. Absorption of 
BCNU to plastics has been documented. Thus, PVC free bags and polyethylene tubing should 
be used during the administration of BCNU.
2. Temozolomide (Capsules)
Temozolomide is commercially available from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of 
Merck & Co., Inc., under the trade name Temodar. Temozolomide is not directly active but 
undergoes rapid nonenzymatic conversion at physiologic pH to the reactive compound 5-(3-
methyltriazen-1-yl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC). The cytotoxicity of MTIC is thought to be 
primarily due to alkylation of DNA. Alkylation (methylation) occurs mainly at the O6 and N7
positions of guanine.
Chemical Name: 3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxoimidazo[5,1-d]-as-tetrazine-8-carboxamide.
Kinetics: The drug is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration; peak plasma 
concentrations occur in a median Tmax of 1 hour. Food reduces the rate and extent of 
temozolomide absorption. Mean peak plasma concentration and AUC decrease by 32% and 
9%, respectively, and Tmax increased 2-fold (from 1.1 to 2.25 hours) when temozolomide was 
administered after a high fat breakfast. Investigators may refer to the package insert for further 
details.
Storage: Temozolomide capsules should be stored in amber glass bottles at 25°C; excursions 
permitted to 15-30°C. Temozolomide may be dispensed to the patient in amber plastic 
containers. 
Formulation: Temozolomide is available in 5 mg (opaque white bodies with green caps), 20 
mg (opaque white bodies with yellow caps), 100 mg (opaque white bodies with pink caps),
140 mg (opaque white bodies with blue caps), 180 mg (opaque white bodies with orange caps)
and 250 mg (opaque white bodies with white caps) capsules. Refer to package insert for 
contents of the formulation. The commercial product has an expiration date on the label of the 
bottle. Temozolomide is administered orally, with a glass of water. Tablets should not be 
chewed. To avoid nausea, other than water, it should be taken on an empty stomach. The drug 
is approximately 100% bioavailable. The dose should be rounded to the nearest 5 mg. 
Temozolomide should be administered every 28 days no sooner than 6 hours following the IV 
bolus dose of O6-BG.
Adverse Reactions:
o
The most commo
vomiting, headache, constipation, anorexia, convulsions, rash, hemiparesis, diarrhea, 
asthenia, fever, dizziness, abnormal coordination, viral infection, amnesia and insomnia. 
o
The most c
that have developed during treatment with temozolomide are: lymphopenia, 
thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and leukopenia.
o
Allergic Reactions have also been reported.
Contraindications: Temozolomide is contradicted in patients who have a history of 
hypersensitivity reaction (such as urticarial, allergic reaction including anaphylaxis, toxic 
epidermal necrolysis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to any of its components. Temzolomide 
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is also contraindicated in patients who have a history of hypersensitivity to dacarbazine 
(DTIC), since both drugs are metabolized to
5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl)-imidazole-4-
carboxamide (MTIC).
Warnings and Precautions:
1) Myelosupression: Patients treated with temozolomide may experience myelosupression, 
including prolonged pancytopenia, which may result in aplastic anemia, which in some 
cases has resulted in fatal outcome. 
2) Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Cases of myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary 
malignancies, including myeloid leukmia, have been observed.
3) Pneumocytosis Pneumonia (PCP): There may be a higher occurrence of PCP when 
temozolomide is administered during a longer dosing regimen. All patients receiving 
temozolomide, particularly patients receiving steroids, should be observed closely for the 
development of PCP regardless of the regimen.
4) Hepatotoxicity: Fatal and severe hepatotoxicity have been reported in patients receiving 
temozolomide. 
5) Use in Pregnancy (Pregnancy Category D): Temzolomizde can cause fetal harm when 
administered to a pregnant woman. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to 
avoid becoming pregnant during therapy with temozolomide.
3. O6-Benzylguanine
O6-BG is a potent inhibitor of O6-benzylguanine-DNA akyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair 
protein that plays an important role in protecting cells from the lethal effects of 
chloroethylnitrosoureas and triazines. O6-BG is supplied by University Hospitals Case Medical 
Center in a dual pack with diluent. 100 mg of the active drug is supplied as a white lyophilized 
powder with 670 mg mannitol, USP, and sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 7-8.5. The 30 mL 
vial of diluent (NSC 659805) is a sterile solution of 40% polyethylene glycol 400 in pH 8 
phosphate buffer (106 mg dibasic sodium phosphate and 102 mg monobasic potassium phosphate 
in sterile water for injection, USP).
Chemical Name: O6-benzylguanine, 6-(phenylmethoxy)-1H-purin-2-amine.
How Supplied: O6-BG is supplied by University Hospitals Case Medical Center in a dual 
pack with diluent. 100 mg of the active drug is supplied as a white lyophilized powder with 
670 mg mannitol, USP, and sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 7-8.5. The 30ml vial of 
diluent (NSC 659805) is a sterile solution of 40% polyethylene glycol 400 in pH 8 phosphate 
buffer (106 mg dibasic sodium phosphate and 102 mg monobasic potassium phosphate in 
sterile water for injection, USP). 
Preparation: Withdraw 30ml from the diluent vial; add to the vial of O6-BG. Shake until 
complete solution is observed. Each milliliter of the resulting solution will contain 3.3 mg O6-
Benzylguanine, 22 mg of mannitol, UPS, 0.4 ml of polyethylene glycol 400 and approximately 
0.6 ml pH 7 phosphate buffer. After reconstitution, filter the 30ml suspension of BG through 
a sterile MILLEX GV 0.22 micron filter into an empty Viaflex container.
Storage: Refrigerate dual pack or intact vials (2-8 deg C).
Stability and Handling: Shelf-life of intact vials is on-going. Samples from a pilot lot of 
freeze-dried via
Solutions of drug, reconstituted as above, were stable for at least 24 hours when stored at room 
temperature. The drug, further diluted to 0.04 mg/ml with 0.9% saline or dextrose 5% in water, 
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was also stable for at least 24 hours at room temperature. However, at many concentrations 
between those two extremes, an inconsistent precipitation problem has been documented. 
Therefore, based on current doses, the University Hospitals Case Medical Center recommends 
that the 3.3 mg/ml concentration be used for patient administration. 
CAUTION: The single-use lyophilized dosage form contains no antibacterial preservatives. 
Therefore, it is advised that the reconstituted product be discarded 8 hours after initial entry.
Sterility: The sterility of clinical grade O6BG after filtration through a 0.2 micron membrane 
has been demonstrated (Appendix B) and is safe for use in patients.
Route/Frequency of Administration: Intravenous bolus infusion (loading dose) over 1 hour 
followed by continuous infusion over approximately 48 hours. O6-BG should be administered 
every 28 days concurrently with temozolomide. 
Known Human Toxicities:
The Comprehensive Adverse Event and Potential Risks list 
(CAEPR) provides a single list of reported and/or potential adverse events (AE) associated 
with an agent using a uniform presentation of events by body system. In addition to the 
comprehensive list, a subset, the Specific Protocol Exceptions to Expedited Reporting 
(SPEER), appears in a separate column and is identified with bold and italicized text. 
Frequency is provided based on 265 patients. See Table 2. CAEPR for O-6-Benzylguanine.
Also reported on O-6-Benzylguanine trials but with the relationship to O-6-Benzylguanine still 
undetermined:
o
Cardiac disorders: Palpitations; Supraventricular tachycardia
o
Ear and labyrinth disorders: Ear pain
o
Eye disorders: Flashing lights
o
Gastrointestinal disorders: Abdominal pain; Dyspepsia; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
(includes Anal hemorrhage, Cecal hemorrhage, Colonic hemorrhage, Duodenal 
hemorrhage, Esophageal hemorrhage, Esophageal varices hemorrhage, Gastric 
hemorrhage, Hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, Ileal hemorrhage, Intra-abdominal hemorrhage, 
Jejunal hemorrhage, Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Oral hemorrhage, Pancreatic 
hemorrhage, Rectal hemorrhage, Retroperitoneal hemorrhage, and Upper gastrointestinal 
hemorrhage under the GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS SOC); Mucositis oral
o
General disorders and administration site conditions: - Injection site reaction
o
Infections and infestations: Infection (includes all 75 sites of infection under the 
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS SOC)
o
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications: Bruising
o
Investigations: Creatinine increased; GGT increased; Weight gain; Weight loss
o
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Dehydration; Hypercalcemia; Hyperkalemia; 
Hypermagnesemia; Hypernatremia; Hypoglycemia; Hypomagnesemia
o
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Generalized muscle weakness; 
Myalgia
o
Nervous system disorders: Depressed level of consciousness; Dysphasia; Intracranial 
hemorrhage; Peripheral motor neuropathy; Peripheral sensory neuropathy
o
Psychiatric disorders: Anxiety; Confusion
o
Renal and urinary disorders: Urinary frequency; Urinary retention; Urinary tract pain
o
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Cough; Dyspnea; Epistaxis; Hypoxia; 
Pharyngeal mucositis; Pleural effusion; Pneumonitis
o
Skin and subcutaneous disorder: Pruritus; Purpura; Rash maculo-papular; Skin 
hyperpigmentation
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o
Vascular disorders: Flushing; Hypotension; Phlebitis; Vascular disorders - Other 
(hemorrhage with thrombocytopenia)
Note: O-6-Benzylguanine in combination with other agents could cause an exacerbation of any 
adverse event currently known to be caused by the other agent, or the combination may result in 
events never previously associated with either agent.
Version 2.1, August 12, 2013
Adverse Events with Possible 
Relationship to O-6-Benzylguanine
(CTCAE 4.0 Term)
[n= 265]
Specific Protocol Exceptions to Expedited 
Reporting (SPEER) 
(formerly known as ASAEL) 
Likely (>20%)
Less Likely (<=20%)
Rare but Serious (<3%)
BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISORDERS 
Anemia
Anemia (Gr 3)
Febrile neutropenia
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Constipation
Diarrhea
Nausea
Nausea (Gr 2)
Vomiting
Vomiting (Gr 2)
GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS 
Fatigue
Fatigue (Gr 2)
Fever
INVESTIGATIONS
Alanine aminotransferase increased
Alanine aminotransferase increased (Gr 2)
Alkaline phosphatase increased
Aspartate aminotransferase increased
Aspartate aminotransferase increased (Gr 2)
Blood bilirubin increased
Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity 
decreased
Lymphocyte count decreased
Lymphocyte count decreased 
(Gr 2)
Neutrophil count decreased
Neutrophil count decreased (Gr 4)
Platelet count decreased
Platelet count decreased (Gr 4)
White blood cell decreased
White blood cell decreased (Gr 4)
METABOLISM AND NUTRITION DISORDERS
Acidosis
Anorexia
Hyperglycemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Dizziness
Headache
SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE DISORDERS
Alopecia
4. G-CSF
Recombinant methionyl human G-CSF (Filgrastim) is produced in E. coli transfected with the 
human G-CSF gene. The E. coli-derived protein consists of 175-amino acids with a molecular 
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weight of about 18,800 daltons and differs from the natural protein in that the N-terminal amino 
acid is a methionine and the protein is not O-glycosylated.
The E. coli transfected with the human G-CSF gene are grown in culture under defined and 
controlled conditions. The bacteria are harvested, and Filgrastim extracted and purified via a series 
of proprietary processing and chromatographic steps. The resulting purified Filgrastim is 
formulated in an aqueous buffer before undergoing sterile filtration and filling.
Formulation and Stability: Criteria for release of Filgrastim for use in the clinic are stringent. 
These include passing the USP pyrogen test, the limulus amebocyte assay, a sterility test, and 
the general safety test (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Section 610.11). The nucleic acid 
content can be no greater than 10 pg/unit dose. The final product is a clear, colorless, sterile 
protein solution free of particulates; Filgrastim is not less than 95% pure. 
G-CSF is a sterile, clear, colorless, preservative-free liquid for parenteral administration. Each 
single-use vial of G-CSF contains 300 g/ml of filgrastim at a specific activity of 1.0 ± 0.6 108
U/mg. The product is formulated in a 10 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.0, containing 5% 
mannitol and 0.004% Tween 80. Both 1.0 and 1.6 ml vials are available. Store between 2 and 
8° C. Do not freeze. Avoid shaking. Drug administered SQ should not be diluted and can be 
drawn directly from the vial and administered.
Dilution for IV infusion should be performed in D5W. If the final concentration of G-CSF is 
<15 g/ml, albumin (human) at a final concentration of 2 mg/ml should be added to the D5W 
prior to addition of G-CSF to prevent adsorption to the components of the drug delivery 
system. Do not dilute G-CSF <5
g/ml under any circumstances. IV drug can be infused over 
30 minutes.
G-CSF contains no antibacterial preservative and therefore should be administered as soon as 
possible and no longer than 6 hours following dilution for IV infusion. The solution should be 
stored under refrigeration at 2-8°C. In the absence of compatibility and stability information, 
no other medication should be added to infusion solutions containing G-CSF.
Supplier: Commercially available from Amgen.
Route of Administration: IV or subcutaneously.
Toxicities: The predominant toxicity from G-CSF is mild medullary bone pain, which is 
usually easily manageable with analgesics. Additional possible side effects of G-CSF are 
fatigue, muscle aches, abnormal liver function, pain or redness at the injection site, nausea, 
insomnia, and headache. Vasculitis is a rare side effect.
5. Plerixafor
inhibitor of CXCR-4. CXCR-4 is the receptor that is involved in retention of stem cells in the 
marrow through interaction with SDF-1. Plerixafor was approved by the Food and Drug 
Administration in December 2008, as a drug intended to be used in combination with G-CSF 
to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the bloodstream for subsequent autologous 
transplantation in patients with non-
Supplier: Sanofi/Genzyme  
Formulation and Storage: Plerixafor is supplied as a solution of 20 mg/ml per 1.2 ml glass 
vial. Plerixafor will be stored at room temperature (25ºC)
ºC.
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Route of Administration: The amount of drug to be administered will be withdrawn from the 
vial using a syringe that will allow the drug to be drawn up in milliliters to one decimal place. 
Toxicities: Plerixafor is a novel mobilizing agent which seems to be well-tolerated with few 
side effects. There is a significant difference in the toxicity profile of plerixafor as compared 
to G-CSF, which likely reflects their different effects on the marrow. In contrast to the 
substantial marrow hyperplasia induced by G-CSF and the consequent bone pain, plerixafor 
does not produce bone pain. 
The most common side effects of plerixafor are gastrointestinal, including bloating, increased 
stool frequency, and loose stools. Other plerixafor-related adverse effects are headaches, 
erythema at the injection site, and mild thrombocytopenia.
Since plerixafor is a relatively new drug, it is pertinent to summarize the most important studies 
that were published on this drug (at which point it was designated as AMD3100).
In four studies with healthy volunteers, plerixafor was given to 82 healthy volunteers, either 
alone or after G-CSF. The most common side effects reported that were thought to be related 
to plerixafor were abdominal distension (7.3%), abdominal pain (7.3%), diarrhea (8.5%), 
nausea (23.2%), burning at the injection site (9.8%), erythema at the injection site (45.1%), 
swelling at the injection site (6.1%) dizziness (7.3%), headache (19.5%), paresthesias (11%), 
paresthesias around the mouth (11%), hypothesias (8.5%), and chest tightness (8.5%). All of 
these symptoms were mild and subsided after treatment. White blood cell counts were elevated 
in all subjects and returned to baseline within 24 hours after plerixafor was discontinued. 
Plerixafor has been administered to over 40 patients with Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL) 
and multiple myeloma (MM) on clinical trials
and MM on a compassionate use protocol currently underway. The events reported to date are 
similar to those reported in healthy volunteers. In a study with 40 HIV+ patients, one of the 
first eight patients developed a severe, but temporary thrombocytopenia after 6 days of 
continuous intravenous infusion. Another had premature ventricular contractions (unexpected 
AE) after 52 hours of drug.
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XII.
Protocol Enrollment and Special Considerations
A.
Projected Target Accrual 
Table 3. Ethnic and Gender Distribution Chart
TARGETED / PLANNED ENROLLMENT: Number of Subjects
Ethnic Category
Sex / Gender
Females
Males
Total
Hispanic or Latino
1
1
2
Not Hispanic or Latino
11
11
22
Ethnic Category Total of All Subjects
12
12
24
Racial Categories
American Indian / Alaska Native
0
0
0
Asian
1
1
2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0
0
0
Black or African American
2
2
4
White
9
9
18
Racial Categories: Total of All Subjects
12
12
24
XIII. Guidelines for Adverse Event Reporting
All unexpected and serious adverse events, which may be due to study treatment or intervention, will be 
reported to the FHCRC Institutional Review Office as soon as possible but within at least 7 calendar days 
of the investigator learning of the event.
A.
Definitions
1. Adverse Event (AE)
Any sign, symptom or illness that appears or worsens during the study period regardless of the 
relationship to the study agent will be considered an adverse event. 
2. Life-threatening Adverse Event
Any adverse event that places the patient or subject, in view of the investigator, at immediate risk
of death from the reaction.  
3. Unexpected Adverse Event
An adverse event, the nature or severity of which is not consistent with the applicable product 
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insert/summary of product characteristics for an approved product). If applicable product 
information is not available, such as for studies that do not involve pharmaceutical products or 
devices, an unexpected adverse event is an adverse event that was not described in the study 
protocol or informed consent.
4. Serious Adverse Event (SAE)
Any adverse event occurring that results in any of the following outcomes:  
Patient death, regardless of cause;  
a life-threatening adverse event (real risk of dying);
inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization;
a persistent or significant disability/incapacity;
congenital anomaly in offspring conceived after initiation of study;
requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment of damage or events that, in the 
prevent one of the above outcomes.
A life-threatening event is defined as having placed the patient, in the view of the Investigator, at 
immediate risk of death from the adverse event as it occurred. It does not include an adverse event 
that had it occurred in a more serious form, might have caused death. All adverse events that do 
not meet at least one of the above criteria are defined as non-serious.
B.
Adverse Event Reporting Guidelines
All adverse events occurring during the study that are observed by the treating physician or reported by 
the patient after the initiation of G-CSF will be recorded until 30 days after the last infusion of O6BG/TMZ 
or until the patient is removed from the study, whichever comes later. All adverse events will be scored 
based on the criteria delineated in the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 
Version 3.0).   
C.
Procedure for Reporting Adverse Events
Regulations defining the responsibilities for reporting serious and unexpected adverse reactions are 
defined in 21CFR312.32 (IND Safety Reports). Serious and unexpected adverse events noted by the the 
treating physician will be reported to the FDA, the FHCRC IRB, the Data and Safety Monitoring Board 
for this study, the UW Institutional Biosafety Committee, the SCCA Institutional Biosafety Committee,
and the RAC (NIH/OBA). Copies of all adverse event reports submitted to the FDA should be sent to 
Case Hospitals Case Medical Center if reasonable causality of the unexpected serious adverse event is 
attributed to O6BG.
Fatal or life-threatening serious and unexpected adverse events that may be associated with study 
treatment will be reported as soon as possible, and always within 7 days, by telephone or fax to the 
agencies and committees indicated. The immediate report must be followed by a detailed written report 
within 15 working days. Serious and unexpected adverse events that are not fatal or life-threatening will 
be reported within 7 days to the FHCRC IRB and the DSMB, and within 15 days to the additional agencies 
and committees noted above. The report should include the date of onset, severity and duration of the 
event, the relationship to the genetically modified stem cell infusion, the treatment given, and the eventual 
outcome.
Appropriate clinical, diagnostic, and laboratory measure to attempt to delineate the cause of the 
adverse reaction in question must be performed and the results reported. All tests that reveal an 
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abnormality considered to be related to the genetically modified stem cell infusion will be repeated at 
appropriate intervals until the course is determined or a return to normal or baseline values occurs. All 
AEs related to the genetically modified stem cell infusion will be followed until resolution or until the 
D.
Data Safety and Monitoring Plan (DSMP)
In compliance with the DSMP, mandated by the NIH/NCI, consortium investigator initiated studies not 
monitored by other entities that are treating subjects at Consortium sites are eligible for monitoring by the 
Clinical Trials Support Office (CTSO). According to the DSMP, clinical trials that meet the criteria for 
-sponsored IND, Phase I or gene therapy studies) will begin monitoring no 
later than 6 months after the first subject has completed study treatment. Thereafter, high risk studies are 
monitored at least twice annually when subjects are enrolling and receiving study intervention. See 
Appendix A for the complete DSMP for this protocol.
E.
Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB)
This protocol will have a DSMB that will be responsible for reviewing protocol data and safety endpoints. 
See Appendix A for DSMB details. Reports will be submitted to the Institutional Review Board, PDMC 
Chairman, and the Protocol Office.
XIV. Records
Clinical Statistics maintains a patient database at FHCRC to allow storage and retrieval of patient data 
collected from a wide variety of sources. The investigator will ensure that data collected conform to all 
established guidelines for coding, collection, key entry and verification. Each patient is assigned a unique 
patient number to assure patient confidentiality. Patients will not be referred to by this number, by name, 
or by any other individual identifier in any publication or external presentation. The licensed medical 
records department, affiliated with the institution where the patient receives medical care, maintains all 
original inpatient and outpatient chart documents. Patient research files are kept in a locked room. They 
are maintained by the FHCRC data collection staff which is supervised by an A.R.T. Access is restricted 
to personnel authorized by the Division of Clinical Research.
XV.
Statistical Considerations  
Dose limiting toxicity, defined as any grade 4 non-hematopoietic toxicity that is likely related to the 
investigational procedures.
The following define the allowable dose level for BCNU during conditioning. Conditioning is the first 
chemotherapy using BCNU. 
Part I
Conditioning dose of BCNU
Dose level 1
BCNU 600 mg/m2
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Part II 
Escalation of the initial dose of temozolomide after conditioning (conditioning dose of 
BCNU is fixed at 600mg/m2)
Dose level 1
590 mg/m2
Dose level 2
740 mg/m2
Dose level 3
925 mg/m2
In Part I, patients can be retreated with O6-BG and 472 mg/m2 of temozolomide at least every 4 weeks up 
to 96 weeks or 24 cycles if they meet the retreatment criteria defined in the protocol (See Section 9. 
Evaluation, Subsection C). Provided patients tolerate this dose for at least two cycles, as indicated by 
hematopoietic recovery consistent with retreatment criteria (included below) and at least 1% gene 
modified granulocytes in the peripheral blood within 28-42 days from the previous treatment, dose 
escalation in 25% increments, beginning with 590 mg/m2 and not exceeding 925 mg/m2 temozolomide. If 
recovery occurs later than 42 days from the previous treatment, the previous dose should be reduced by 
25%. If retreatment criteria are achieved within 28-42 days following the dose reduced cycle, escalation 
to the previous dose that caused delay is permitted, but must be tolerated for two consecutive cycles before 
further dose escalation may be attempted in that patient. Dose levels will be closed to intra-patient 
escalation if more than one patient experiences a DLT at that dose, or if one patient experiences a DLT at 
the escalated dose and a second patient experiences a DLT at a lower dose. If no additional patients 
experience a DLT at the same dose, escalation to that dose level may continue, but no further dose 
escalation may be attempted in the patient experiencing the DLT.
In Part II, dose escalation between dose levels will follow a standard 3+3 design. Three patients will 
initially be enrolled at a dose level. If no patient experiences DLT, then escalation to the next level is 
permitted. If it becomes possible to have more than three patients enrolled within a given treatment period, 
the third patient treated will be observed for seven days before additional patients are treated and the 
additional patients must be treated at the same dose level. If 1 of 3 patients experiences DLT, then an 
additional 3 patients will be enrolled at the same dose level. If no further DLT is seen, then escalation to 
the next level is permitted. A second DLT in any number of patients will halt enrollment to that dose level, 
and the next lower dose level will be defined as the MTD. The MTD dose level will then be similarly 
expanded to six patients. 
Subjects will be followed for dose limiting toxicities for approximately 6 weeks after infusion of the 
genetically modified stem cells in Part I before advancing to Part II. Subjects in Part II will be observed 
for 28 days after the first escalated dose of O6-BG and temozolomide, and an additional 28 days following 
the second escalated dose of O6-BG and temozolomide (for a total of 56 days) before advancing to the 
next cohort. 
The percentage of MGMT(P140K) containing peripheral blood granulocytes will be assessed prior to 
every post-conditioning cycle of temozolomide + O6-BG. At least 1% gene modified cells (average 
proviral copy number of 0.01) are required before escalation above 472 mg/m2 temozolomide is permitted. 
If the level of MGMTP140K+ neutrophils after conditioning is less than 1%, then the dose of 
temozolomide will remain at 472 mg/m2 until the level is at least 1%, at which time the appropriate 
escalated dose of temozolomide will be given. If the level of MGMT(P140K)+ neutrophil remains below 
1%, then dose escalation will not be permitted in this patient, and this patient will not count for purposes 
of defining the post-conditioning MTD. 
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Should the maximum dose level defined in Part II be evaluated without defining an MTD, then that 
dose level will be defined as the MTD, unless the protocol is amended to define additional higher dose 
levels.
Should a second DLT occur at the first dose level defined in Part II, then the dose will be de-escalated 
by 25%. 
In Parts I and II, intra-patient dose escalation of temozolomide is permitted after the first two doses 
of O6-BG and temozolomide, provided that at least 1% MGMT(P140K)+ granulocytes are detected in the 
peripheral blood and retreatment critera, as defined in Section 9. Evaluation, Subsection C, are met. The 
escalated dose levels will be the same as for the inter-patient escalation of the initial temozolomide dose 
in Part II (590, 740, and 925 mg/m2). Further intra-patient escalation may also occur after two doses have 
been given without DLT, and with the same conditions as for the first intra-patient escalation. No 
escalation of temozolomide above 925 mg/m2 is permitted. Following dose escalation, serum levels of 
temozolomide will be measured to verify physiological dose achieved if feasible. Should a patient 
experience DLT at an escalated dose of temozolomide, additional courses of temozolomide will be given 
at the previous dose without DLT, and no further intra-patient escalation may occur in that patient.
DLT's observed during intra-patient dose escalation will not be formally counted as part of the inter-
patient dose escalation of the initial dose of temozolomide in Part II. Nevertheless, if the experience at a 
particular dose given during intra-patient escalation suggests that this dose would also be intolerable as an 
initial dose, then the protocol will be modified to eliminate that dose as a possibility.
MGMT expression will be assessed post-conditioning and prior to every cycle of temozolomide. We 
will evaluate the correlation of the level of MGMT marking with toxicity, temozolomide dose achieved, 
and response, using linear regression (for quantitative outcomes) and logistic regression (for binary 
outcomes). For example, we might hope to see a suggestion as to whether the tolerable dose of post-
conditioning temozolomide can be determined based on the level of marking achieved after conditioning. 
However, given the small sample size for this study and low probabilities of DLT and response, there will 
be limited power to detect such relationships.
All patients will be evaluated for tumor response and time to progression; however, the primary 
objective of this study is feasibility and dose-finding. As no more than 6 patients will be treated at the 
MTD, we will be unable to draw any conclusions regarding the potential efficacy of this treatment strategy. 
If the approach is feasible, and we can successfully administer higher doses of temozolomide than would 
otherwise be possible, then a sole Phase II study in which patient numbers could be used to draw statistical 
conclusions regarding potential efficacy would be planned.
STOPPING RULES:
The study will terminate after all cohorts have been filled and all patients have completed treatment. The 
study will be stopped if any of the following events occur:
1.
Any development of replication competent retrovirus (RCR).
2.
Any development of leukemia due to insertional mutagenesis.
3.
Inability to detect gene-modified cells (that is, fewer than 1% gene modified granulocytes are 
detectable) in 5 or more patients after the first cycle of O6-BG and temozolomide.
4.
Any grade 4 treatment-related non-hematological toxicity 
5.
Two out of the first six patients need backup cells. We would hold accrual for discussion with the 
DSMB regarding a possible change in study design. 
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The Principal Investigator reserves the right to terminate the study at any time The FDA may also 
terminate the study.
A stopping rule will be imposed for any grade 3/4 toxicity related to the infusion of modified stem 
cells. This rule will be applied across all dose levels and both parts of the study. We will stop the study 
for infusion toxicity if there exists reasonable evidence that the true rate of this event exceeds 0.30. 
Reasonable evidence will be taken to mean that the lower bound of a one-sided 80% confidence interval 
for the true rate of grade 3/4 infusion toxicity exceeds 0.30. Operationally, this rule will be evaluated at
least every 6th patient, and will be triggered if 4 or more of 6 patients, 6 or more of 12 patients, 8 or more 
of 18 patients, or 10 or more of 24 patients experience the event. The probability of triggering this stopping 
rule is 61% if the true rate of grade 3/4 infusion toxicity is 0.40, and 88% if it is 0.50.
Development of replication competent retrovirus or leukemia. A toxicity here is defined as finding an 
evidence of replication competent retrovirus. We will use extended S+L- assays and PCR for GALV
envelope sequences. An early stopping rule for this study will be invoked should 1 toxicity event occur. 
The properties (based on sequential Bernoulli outcomes) of this rule are as follows (Table 4):
Table 4. Probability of stopping at or before indicated number of patients due to single RCR event.
True rate of RCR
Number of patients
.05
.10
.15
5
23%
41%
56%
10
40%
65%
80%
15
54%
79%
91%
20
64%
88%
96%
For example, if the true toxicity rate is 10% or higher, then the chance of terminating the trial at or before 
the 10th patient because of observing one toxicity exceeds 65%.
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XVI. References
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Cancer Res 10: 1871-1874, 2004.
16. Vlassenbroeck I, Califice S, Diserens AC, Migliavacca E, Straub J, Di S, I, Moreau F, Hamou MF, 
Renard I, Delorenzi M, Flamion B, DiGuiseppi J, Bierau K, Hegi ME.  Validation of real-time 
methylation-specific PCR to determine O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene promoter 
methylation in glioma.  Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 10: 332-337, 2008.
17. Durando X, Lemaire JJ, Tortochaux J, Van Praagh I, Kwiatkowski F, Vincent C, Bailly C, Verrelle 
P, Irthum B, Chazal J, Bay JO.  High-dose BCNU followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell 
transplantation in supratentorial high-grade malignant gliomas: a retrospective analysis of 114 
patients.  Bone Marrow Transplant 31: 559-564, 2003.
18. Mortimer JE, Hewlett JS, Bay J, Livingston RB.  High dose BCNU with autologous bone marrow 
rescue in the treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas.  J Neurooncol 1: 269-273, 1983.
19. Phillips GL, Wolff SN, Fay JW, Herzig RH, Lazarus HM, Schold C, Herzig GP.  Intensive 1,3-bis
(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea 
(BCNU) 
monochemotherapy 
and 
autologous 
marrow 
transplantation for malignant glioma.  J Clin Oncol 4: 639-645, 1986.
20. Johnson DB, Thompson JM, Corwin JA, Mosley KR, Smith MT, los Reyes RA, Daly MB, Petty 
AM, Lamaster D, Pierson WP, Ruxer RL, Leff RS, Messerschmidt GL.  Prolongation of survival 
for high-grade malignant gliomas with adjuvant high-dose BCNU and autologous bone marrow 
transplantation.  J Clin Oncol 5: 783-789, 1987.
21. Bay JO, Linassier C, Biron P, Durando X, Verrelle P, Kwiatkowski F, Rosti G, Demirer T.  Does 
high-dose carmustine increase overall survival in supratentorial high-grade malignant glioma? An 
EBMT retrospective study.[erratum appears in Int J Cancer. 2007 Nov 15;121(10):2355].  Int J 
Cancer 120: 1782-1786, 2007.
22. Horn PA, Topp MS, Morris JC, Riddell SR, Kiem H-P.  Highly efficient gene transfer into baboon 
marrow repopulating cells using GALV-pseudotype oncoretroviral vectors produced by human 
packaging cells.  Blood 100: 3960-3967, 2002.
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23. Beard BC, Mezquita P, Morris JC, Kiem H-P.  Efficient transduction and engraftment of G-CSF-
mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells in nonhuman primates using GALV-psuedotyped 
gammaretroviral vectors.  Molecular Therapy 14: 212-217, 2006.
24. Neff T, Horn PA, Peterson LJ, Thomasson BM, Thompson J, Williams DA, Schmidt M, Georges 
GE, von Kalle C, Kiem H-P.  Methylguanine methyltransferase-mediated in vivo selection and 
chemoprotection of allogeneic stem cells in a large-animal model.  J Clin Invest 112: 1581-1588,
2003.
25. Hegi ME, Liu L, Herman JG, Stupp R, Wick W, Weller M, Mehta MP, Gilbert MR.  Correlation 
of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation with clinical outcomes in 
glioblastoma and clinical strategies to modulate MGMT activity (Review).  J Clin Oncol 26: 4189-
4199, 2008.
26. de Wynter EA, Coutinho LH, Pei X, Marsh JCW, Hows J, Luft T, Testa NG.  Comparison of purity 
and enrichment of CD34+ cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord and peripheral blood (primed 
for apheresis) using five separation systems.  Stem Cells 13: 524-532, 1995.
27. Brandes AA, Tosoni A, Spagnolli F, Frezza G, Leonardi M, Calbucci F, Franceschi E.  Disease 
progression or pseudoprogression after concomitant radiochemotherapy treatment: pitfalls in 
neurooncology (Review).  Neuro-oncol 10: 361-367, 2008.
28. Brandes AA, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Blatt V, Pession A, Tallini G, Bertorelle R, Bartolini S, 
Calbucci F, Andreoli A, Frezza G, Leonardi M, Spagnolli F, Ermani M.  MGMT promoter 
methylation status can predict the incidence and outcome of pseudoprogression after concomitant 
radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients.  J Clin Oncol 26: 2192-2197, 2008.
29. Brandsma D, Stalpers L, Taal W, Sminia P, van den Bent MJ.  Clinical features, mechanisms, and 
management of pseudoprogression in malignant gliomas (Review).  Lancet Oncol 9: 453-461, 
2008.
30. Taal W, Brandsma D, de Bruin HG, Bromberg JE, Swaak-Kragten AT, Smitt PA, van Es CA, van 
den Bent MJ.  Incidence of early pseudo-progression in a cohort of malignant glioma patients 
treated with chemoirradiation with temozolomide.  Cancer 113: 405-410, 2008.
31. van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Chang SM.  End point assessment 
in gliomas: novel treatments limit usefulness of classical Macdonald's Criteria.  J Clin Oncol 27: 
2905-2908, 2009.
32. Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Reardon DA, Cloughesy TF, Sorensen AG, Galanis E et al. Updated 
response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: response assessment in neuro-oncology 
working group. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28(11):1963-1972
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XVII.
DATA AND SAFETY MONITORING PLAN
A.
Protocol Review and Approval
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) is an NCI comprehensive cancer center and 
consequently has an approved Protocol Review and Monitoring System (PRMS) in place that serves as a 
framework for this protocol. The key components of the PRMS are the Clinical Investigators Meeting 
(CIM), which provides an open forum for presentation and discussion of proposed clinical protocols; the 
Scientific Review Committee (SRC), which provides formal internal peer review of all protocols and 
general scientific oversight of clinical research; and the ancillary Protocol and Data Monitoring 
Committee (PDMC), which monitors the progress of ongoing research protocols. Data and safety 
monitoring are carried out under the umbrella of the PRMS committees in cooperation with the 
Institutional Review Board (IRB). This protocol has been and continues to be reviewed by the CIM and 
SRC of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. This protocol has been and continues to be reviewed 
by the PDMC, and IRB of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In addition, it has been reviewed 
and approved by the National Cancer Institute, the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the Office 
of Biotechnology Activities, the University of Washington Institutional Biosafety Committee, the 
University of Washington Radiation Safety Committee, and the University of Washington Clinical 
Research Center Scientific Advisory Committee. An Investigational New Drug (IND) Application for this 
protocol under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research 
(CBER) is in effect with a birthdate of December 23, 2008. This protocol has been and continues to be
reviewed by the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office 
of Biotechnology Activities (OBA), as well as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Therapeutics 
Evaluation Program (CTEP).
B.
Monitoring the Progress of the Trial and Safety of Participants
The first level of trial oversight for this protocol will be provided by the IND sponsor, Dr. Hans-Peter 
Kiem; and Dr. Maciej Mrugala from the Department of Neurology at the University of Washington, who 
will provide continuous oversight of the trial. These individuals will meet regularly to review recently 
acquired data, stopping rules, and adverse events. Serious adverse events will be reviewed upon 
occurrence to ensure immediate and accurate reporting to the appropriate committees and regulatory 
agencies as described in section 13 of the protocol. Dr. Kiem and all other investigators on the protocol 
have received formal training in the ethical conduct of human research.
Additionally, institutional support of trial monitoring is provided in accordance with the Fred 
Hutchinson/University of Washington Cancer Consortium Data and Safety Monitoring Plan (current 
version dated July 31, 2009). Under the provisions of this plan, protocols must obtain annual re-approval 
by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to continue accrual and are reviewed at least annually during this 
re-approval by the Protocol and Data Monitoring Committee (PDMC) if the protocol is subject to SRC 
review at the time of annual renewal. The PDMC reviews accrual, adverse events, stopping rules, and 
adherence to the data and safety-monitoring plan. The FHCRC IRB reviews the study progress and safety 
information to assess continued acceptability of the risk-benefit ratio for human subjects.
Approval of both committees is necessary to continue the study. Because this project involves an 
investigator-
provisions of the FHCRC Monitoring Plan. This designation requires periodic monitoring visits for data, 
safety and protocol compliance and written reports to the PDMC. Dr. Kiem has formally delegated 
responsibility for these monitoring visits to the FHCRC/University of Washington Cancer Consortium 
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Research Trials Office (RTO) with a transfer of obligation agreement. Monitoring visits are conducted by 
a monitor identified by the RTO. Further details of monitoring visits are addressed under item 6 below.
An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor the 
conduct of this trial.   None of the members of the DSMB collaborate with Dr. Kiem or Dr. Mrugala and 
none will be affiliated with the current trial. The membership of this independent board has been approved 
by Dr. Barry Storer, Chairman of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Protocol Data Monitoring 
Committee. The DSMB will initially meet after three (3) subjects have been enrolled or after six months 
(whichever comes first).  After that, the DSMB will meet a minimum of once every six months during the 
course of the study and more frequently if serious and unexpected adverse events (SAEs) are encountered. 
Teleconference meetings are acceptable.  Dr. Kiem will be responsible for ensuring that meetings occur 
as planned and that data summaries are provided to DSMB members prior to the meetings. The DSMB 
meetings will consist of an open session in which Drs. Kiem\ and Mrugala present the interim data and 
answer questions, followed by a closed session in which DSMB members meet without the study 
investigators to discuss accrual, patient eligibility, protocol compliance, adverse events, deaths, safety, 
monitoring results, stopping rules and other pertinent issues. Written summaries of the DSMB meetings 
will be transmitted to the FHCRC Protocol Data Monitoring Committee and will include a 
recommendation for continuation, modification or termination of the study.
C.
Plans for Ensuring Compliance with Requirements for Reporting, in Regards to Adverse 
Events
All toxicities and serious adverse events will be reported as noted in section 13 of the protocol.   All AE 
reporting will be monitored by the RTO monitor at each visit.
All serious adverse events and other pertinent safety information will be reported at least annually by 
number and summary information to the FHCRC PDMC and IRB, the UW and SC
, the FDA, 
and the RAC (NIH/OBA).
D.
Plans for assuring that any action resulting in a temporary or permanent suspension of 
NCI funded clinical trial is reported to the NCI grant program director responsible for the 
grant
Any temporary or permanent suspension for any reason including adverse events, IRB mandate, or FDA 
mandate will be reported by the investigator within 72 hours to the National Cancer Institute Program 
Director responsible for this grant. In addition, any communication from the FDA to the awardee 
institution regarding continuation or changes in the protocol will be forwarded within 72 hours to the NCI 
Program Director responsible for administration of the grant.
The Cancer Consortium Monitoring Plan requires that the Research Trials Office notify the Grants 
and Contracts Administration (GCA) when a suspension or closure has occurred. GCA will contact the 
investigator, confirm which if any federal funding agencies are supporting the project, and then notify 
those agencies if the investigator has not yet done so.
E.
Plans for Assuring Data Accuracy and Protocol Compliance
Dr. Kiem is responsible as sponsor of the IND for this study to follow the specific guidelines set forth by 
the FDA for assuring data accuracy and protocol compliance. A report is submitted to the FDA annually 
detailing adverse events, patient status, and significant findings to date. In addition, he is responsible for 
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compliance with the FHCRC/UW Cancer Consortium Data and Safety Monitoring Plan mentioned above. 
Details of the Consortium Monitoring Plan are as follows:
INTRODUCTION 
Protocol monitoring activities at FHCRC occur under the jurisdiction of the Research Trials Office 
(RTO) of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer 
Consortium. Monitoring is conducted by employees, contractors, or consultants of the CTSO in 
accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of the CTSO. The CTSO will assure 
that each monitor is qualified both by training and experience to carry out these tasks. The CTSO
will maintain a file of the résumés of all monitors and will add training records and updates as 
appropriate.
Scope
The monitoring activities will include:
Brief orientation to the IND and specific protocol and to IND- and study-specific documents, 
and orientation to FHCRC, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA), and University of 
Washington (UW) medical records and facilities associated with the study.
Review of current protocol document and consent form.
Thorough source document (informed consent documents, hospital charts, outpatient charts, 
physician and research notes, correspondence, and other appropriate documentation) review of
select subjects, including:
o
Verify that appropriate written informed consent was obtained, current IRB-approved 
consent forms were utilized, that consent was obtained prior to initiating study 
procedures, and that the process was documented.
o
Verify that the subject was eligible based on the protocol inclusion/exclusion criteria.
o
Verify adherence to the protocol-specified treatment and evaluation plan.
o
Verify the accuracy and completeness of data reported on case report forms, other data 
collection instruments, and/or of data directly downloaded into a study database or 
electronic application.
o
Verify receipt, storage, preparation, use or dispensing of logs/documents and tracking 
forms for investigational products or devices.
o
Verify that the investigational products(s) are supplied only to enrolled subjects.
Communicate to study personnel all discrepancies noted between source documents and CRFs, 
data collection instruments, and downloaded data.
The monitor will keep a list of all needed changes and additions for review and verification at 
the next visit.
Review of critical (regulatory) documents, review of all correspondence to and from the IRB 
and FDA, if applicable, including review of FDA Form 1572 for accuracy and completeness.
For IND/IDE studies, verify annual reports were submitted to the FDA.
Determine if serious adverse events, unanticipated problems posing risks to subjects and IND 
safety reports (if applicable), Unanticipated adverse event device effects (if applicable) as 
defined in the protocol, were accurate, complete and reported per IRB policy and 21 CFR, if 
applicable.
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Determine if Serious Non-compliance events were reported to the IRB and the FDA, if 
applicable.
Determine adequate principal investigator oversight.
Review of qualifications of study personnel via curricula vitae (CVs) and résumés at initial 
study visits and as new staff are assigned to the study.
Periodic review of a Study Personnel Signature/Delegation of Authority Log for completeness.
Periodic review of Study Training logs for Human Subjects, GCP and any protocol-specific 
training if applicable.
Review selected subject records to determine that subjects are provided with necessary 
instruction on using and returning the investigational product(s).
Review study SOPs, if applicable, for completeness, investigator sign off, and compliance.
Identify any additional documentation needs and suggest tools (i.e.; memos to study file, logs, 
etc.) or systems to assure that protocol, GCP and current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) 
compliance are fully demonstrated.
Promptly after each monitoring visit, complete a detailed written report of all activities and 
significant findings such as discrepancies in study eligibility or data reporting/recording, 
deviations from the protocol-specified treatment plan, incomplete or missing documentation 
of informed consent, or evidence of failure to secure consent according to GCP regulations and 
questions/comments about the appropriateness of study personnel for specific functions. 
Submit the visit reports within four weeks of the study visit to the CTSO Manager. The CTSO 
Manager will distribute the reports to the sponsor-investigator and the Regulatory Affairs 
Director.
Report any urgent findings by telephone as specified in the applicable SOPs. The CTSO 
Manager will be the contact for such reports.
Upon request of a sponsor-investigator, the monitor may also assist with selected or complete 
verification of electronic data via direct comparison of data listings to fully monitored CRFs, 
other data collection instruments, or source documents.
Extent
Monitoring visits will begin no later than 6 months after the first subject has completed study 
treatment and should occur approximately every six months for high risk trials when subjects are 
enrolling and receiving study treatment. Due t
Consortium Monitoring Plan, and the frequency may be increased at the discretion of the PDMC. 
Investigators, the SRC, and the IRB may direct requests for increased monitoring to the PDMC or 
CTSO manager.  Monitoring visits will continue throughout the accrual and treatment periods. If 
the study closes to accrual and no subjects enroll or receive study treatment after the last 
monitoring visit and there were no major deviations or follow-up items noted in the previous 
monitoring visit, then no further monitoring is required.
At the first visit, the monitor will review the informed consent forms (ICFs) of all patients enrolled 
at consortium sites. At each subsequent visit, the monitor will review the ICFs and pertinent notes 
of all patients enrolled
at Consortium sites
since the last monitoring visit. Data 
verification/reconciliation including eligibility, exposure to investigational agent or device, safety 
data, and other CRF or data collection instrument entries will be conducted on specified portion 
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of the cases enrolled and/or treated since the last visit. If any review reveals major deviations from 
the protocol in terms of eligibility or protocol-specified treatment, or if there is evidence of failure
or significant delay in reporting safety data, the review may be expanded to include more cases, 
and the CTSO manager will be notified immediately. The CTSO manager or designee will choose 
cases to review, unless advised by the PDMC of specific cases to review. Critical documents, 
including IRB correspondence and IND safety reports, will be reviewed at every visit. Review of 
receipt, storage, preparation and use or dispensing logs for the investigational agent will be done 
at every visit while subjects are being treated. Personnel qualifications will be reviewed at the 
initial monitoring visit and as new staff are assigned to the study.
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XVIII. APPENDIX B
STERILITY: VALIDITY OF METHOD FOR MEMBRANE 
FILTRATION OF O6-BENZYLGUANINE (BG)
Purpose/Summary
To demonstrate that filtration of the investigational drug O6-benzylguanine using a Millex 0.2 µm GV 
filter results in a sterile solution. BG is received from the NCI for the purpose of treating patients on Case 
6307.
Type
Validation of filtration process, verification of sterility.
Acceptance criteria
1. No organisms seen in 14 day BacT Alert culture bottles (aerobic and anaerobic cultures);
2. LAL test results using Endosafe PTS:  sample reaction time < 25%; Spike reaction time CV:  
<25%; % Spike recovery 50%-
and maximum infusion volume of 90 ml).
Sample Size
10 vials of BG will be reconstituted, filtered and tested
Personnel responsibilities
Investigational pharmacy personnel will suspend the lyophilized drug in diluent, filter, repackage and 
remove a sample for inoculation into BacT/Alert SA and SN bottles provided by the NCRM/CTIS  
Cellular Therapy Laboratory ; the NCRM/CTIS  Cellular Therapy Laboratory will perform endotoxin 
testing.  The CTIS Operations Director will compile culture and endotoxin data and prepare validation 
results and conclusion.  The IND Investigator will sign off on validation report.
Testing Conditions
Per normal laboratory operating conditions.
Timeline
Filtration and testing will take place during the week of March 17, 2014.  Results will be compiled and 
approved by April 4, 2014.
Equipment and supplies
1. O6-BG (BG) Injection (NSC# 637037),100mg vial
2. 40% PEG 400 with phosphate buffer (NSC 659805), 30 ml
3. Millex GV 0.2 micron filter (Millipore, Cat #SLGUM33RS)
4. Viaflex container (BAXTER, Item #2B8012 or equivalent)
5. Endosafe PTS device, Charles River Laboratories
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6. LAL test cartridges PTS20F, 5-0.5 EU/ml, Charles River Laboratories, LAL reagent water, 
pyrogen-free tubes
7. BacT/Alert SA and SN bottles
Procedure
1. Remove BG from Investigational Pharmacy refrigerator RF5-A4.
2. Reconstitute a 100 mg vial of with 30 ml of PEG DILUENT provided with the BG.  
3. Shake well until complete solution is observed.  Final concentration will be 3.3mg BG/1ml 
solution.
4. Do NOT further dilute BG with normal saline or D5W due to risk of product precipitation.
5. After reconstitution, filter the 30 ml suspension of BG through a sterile MILLEX GV 0.22 micron 
filter into an empty Viaflex container.
6. Label prepared (filtered) BG solution Case 6307.01 through Case 6307-10.
7. Remove 1 ml of filtered solution using a syringe and inoculate an anaerobic BacTAlert bottle.  
Repeat inoculation of the aerobic bottle. Label bottles with sample ID. Using a Z-requisition,
submit samples to Microbiology (Z-req to be provided by J. Reese).
8. Send Viaflex container to the NCRM CTIS Cellular Therapy lab for endotoxin testing using the 
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay using internal SOPs.  
9. The Viaflex container will be stored in the refrigerator for 14 days until microbiology results are 
final.
Records/Worksheets
Pharmacy record of supplies, Microbiology report from Soft Lab, Endotoxin worksheet.
Additional SOPs
BG Filtration SOP:  Case 6307O6bG, Endtoxin SOP CTIS:  WKSCase6307-08.
Results
1. Sterility Testing
Reconstituted filtered BG (1 ml) was inoculated into an anaerobic and aerobic BacT/Alert culture 
bottle and incubated for 14 days in a BacT/Alert Microbial Detection System instrument.  All test 
microbe-free. 
2. Endotoxin
Endotoxin was performed using the Endosafe PTS device and LAL test cartridges (Charles River 
-licensed LAL test cartridges with a sensitivity 
of 0.05-5.0 EU/ml (Cat # PTS2005F) were used. The final product sample was diluted 1:80 in 
endotoxin free water due to interference, presumably from the PEG diluent, however final results 
are adjusted for this dilution. The sample value (EU/ml) was valid if the Spike Recovery was in 
the range of 50-200% and the sample CV and spike CV was <25%. Results were converted to 
EU/kg, using a standard weight of 80kg and a maximum potential dose volume of 90 ml. The 
standard endotoxin limit is 5 EU/kg per dose. All samples evaluated were valid, within linearity 
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of the assay cartridge, and had an endotoxin level below 5EU/kg per maximum potential dose 
(n=10). See attached endotoxin results, including QC of the test cartridges.  
3. Conclusion
These data demonstrate that clinical grade BG prepared from the NCI inventory is sterile after 
filtration through a 0.2 micron membrane and is safe for infusion into patients.
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*Informed consent for the gene therapy portion of the study will be obtained after MGMT promoter methylation status is determined. **Surgery or biopsy and MGMT promoter 
methylation analysis will be done before subjects are enrolled on the gene therapy portion this study. ***RCR testing will be done at 3, 6 and 12 months after transplant, then annually. 
For female patients of child-bearing potential. Cycle length is approximately 6 weeks after re-infusion of genetically modified cells. § BCNU will be administered on Day -1
if third apheresis is scheduled on Day -2.
Study Calendar
Study 
Screen
Radiation 
Therapy
Transplant 
work-up
Mobilization & Transduction
Conditioning
Transplant &
Engraftment
Chemotherapy
End of 
Treatment
Weeks
-7 to -1
Day
-7
Day
-6
Day
-5
Day
-4
Day
-3
Day
-2
Day
-1
Day
0
Each 
week
Every 
2
weeks
Day
1
Day
8
Day
15
Day
21
Every 
other 
cycle
Follow Up
Review Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
X
X
Sign Informed Consent*
X
X
Surgery or biopsy**
X
MGMT promoter methylation**
X
History & Physical
X
X
Physical exam
X
X
X
X
X
X
Laboratory:
CBC w/differential
X
Every 2 weeks
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel 
X
X
X
X
X
X
Virologies per SPG
X
Level of gene modified cells***
X
X
X
Anticonvulsant level
X
X
UA
X
X
X
X
Pregnancy Test
X
Pulmonary Function Test
X
X
EKG   
X
MUGA or Echocardiogram
X
MRI
X
X
X
Radiation Therapy
X
X
G-CSF for mobilization
X
X
X
X
X
Apheresis
X
X
(X)
BCNU§
X
(X)§
Transduction
X
X
X
Infusion of transduced stem cells
X
O6-BG (120 mg/m2) & Temozolomide
X
Broad spectrum antibiotic per SPG.
X
X
X
X
X
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