Clinical trial NCT03011307
Conditions: Postoperative Pain
Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Start date: 2017-01-12; Completion date: 2021-08-11
Enrollment: 126 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of intrathecal oxytocin on speed of reduction in pain for the first 60 days after hip surgery.

Detailed description:
This is a single-center, NIH funded clinical study at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. The investigators anticipate that intrathecal oxytocin will speed recovery from pain after major surgery (hip arthroplasty). For this study, the investigators will use a randomized, controlled and blinded study of intrathecal oxytocin in patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty, with primary outcome being the slope of change in pain over the first 60 days following surgery, using growth curve modeling and a ln(time) function.

Arms: arm 1: Oxytocin 100 micrograms administered intrathecally arm 2: Placebo injection administered intrathecally
Interventions: intervention 1: Oxytocin intervention 2: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: spinal injection of oxytocin intervention 2: spinal injection of placebo

Protocol documents:
ICF_002.pdf: 
Title: Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to Speed Recovery After Hip Surgery 
NCT03011307
Date: 9/30/20


Page 1 of 10
Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
Department/Section of Anesthesiology
EFFICACY OF INTRATHECAL OXYTOCIN TO
SPEED RECOVERY HIP SURGERY
Informed Consent Form to Participate in Research
James C. Eisenach, M.D., Principal Investigator
INTRODUCTION
You are invited to be in a research study. Research studies are designed to gain scientific 
knowledge that may help other people in the future. You are being asked to take part in this 
study because you are scheduled to have hip replacement surgery. Your participation is 
voluntary. Please take your time in making your decision as to whether or not you wish to 
participate. Ask your study doctor or the study staff to explain any words or information 
contained in this informed consent document that you do not understand. You may also discuss 
the study with your friends and family.
WHY IS THIS STUDY BEING DONE?
The purpose of this research study is to help researchers better understand patterns of recovery 
after Hip Replacement surgery. We will evaluate how pain, activity and reasoning responses 
determine patterns of recovery.  We will also evaluate the effectiveness of a medication called 
Oxytocin. Oxytocin is commonly given by IV (into a vein) to treat certain types of pain. We 
believe that intrathecal or spinal oxytocin (given into the spinal fluid) may prove to be an 
excellent pain killer for certain types of pain which sometimes occur with cancer or follow nerve 
injury after accidents or surgery. At present, there are not good treatments for this type of pain 
and your participation in this study may help researchers better understand this type of pain and 
perhaps develop new ways of treating this pain. This is the fourth study in the United States to 
examine the effects of oxytocin given into the spinal fluid in the back.
Oxytocin has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but the 
preparation and route of administration being used in this study has not been approved. At this 
time, there is not a form of Oxytocin that is available on the open market for spinal 
administration.
In this study spinal oxytocin will be compared to a placebo. A placebo is a substance, like a 
sugar pill, that is not thought to have any effect on diseases or medical conditions. In this study 
you will either receive the active study medication, oxytocin or placebo which is not active. 
Placebos are used in research studies to see if the drug being studied really does have an effect
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Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
We will ask you to complete several psychological questionnaires that tell us about your 
reasoning responses, thoughts, and emotional feelings.
HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL TAKE PART IN THE STUDY?
A total of 120 people will take part in this study. In order to identify the 120 subjects needed, we 
may need to screen as many as 140 because some people will not qualify to be included in the 
study.
WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?
You will be randomized into one of the following 2 study groups described below. 
Randomization means that you are put into a group by chance. It is like flipping a coin. You will 
have a one in two chance of being placed in either group.
The groups are: 
1) Intrathecal oxytocin
2) Intrathecal saline (placebo)
Neither you nor the investigator will know which study medication you are receiving. This is 
done so that a fair evaluation of results can be made. This information is available to the 
researchers if needed in an emergency.
PREOPERATIVE PROCEDURES
Once you have agreed to participate, you will be scheduled to come to our Headache and 
Pain Research Unit (HPRU) for 2 study visits. Each visit will last approximately 2 hours.
STUDY VISIT 1:
Approximately 2 weeks before your surgery we will have you come to the HPRU for your 
first study visit. During the first visit we will ask you about your medical history, existing pain 
and any medications that you are taking. If you are a female subject of child-bearing potential we 
will also administer a urine pregnancy test. We will ask you to complete a series of 13 
questionnaires on the computer.  
After you have completed the questionnaires we will train you to use an electronic tablet 
for daily diary entries and also in the use of an accelerometer (small device that is worn on your 
wrist like a watch to record your activity). The accelerometer tells us about your activity by 
counting the number of steps you take, the distance you walk and the quality of your sleep while 
you are wearing it. 
You will also complete 1 electronic survey that asks you about how you make decisions or how 
impulsive you are. We will have you play a card game that also tells us how you make decisions. 
We will also have you play a game on an iPad that tells us how anesthesia and surgery affects 
your ability to pay attention. 
All questionnaires/surveys are for research purposes only. 
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Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
DAY OF SURGERY AND IN-HOSPITAL CARE
The spinal procedure will be done per standard of care by anesthesiology faculty. After 
turning on your side, your back will be washed with antiseptic, local anesthetic will be injected 
to numb your skin, and a needle will be placed in the lower part of your back.  Once the spinal 
needle is in place and just before the spinal medication is administered, a small amount (less than 
½ teaspoon) of cerebrospinal fluid will be withdrawn (this is the clear fluid that fills the cavities 
of the brain and covers the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord). This sample will be used to test 
for neurotransmitters (chemical molecules that “ferry” nerve impulses across the synapse from 
one neuron to the next in the brain) this is important because the neurotransmitters tell us about 
how your brain processes pain. The study medication that you are randomized to will be added to 
the routine medication that the anesthesiologist will give you to make you numb for your 
surgery.
A member of the study team will contact you at 24 hours after your surgery to assess 
your pain level, have you play the iPad game and answer your diary questions.
We will also collect information from your medical record including the type of surgery you are 
having, the medications that you are taking, the type of anesthesia that you have for your 
surgery, the type of pain you have, the amount of pain medication that you use after your surgery 
and the number of days you are in the hospital after your surgery as well as any other significant 
events that happen during your hospital stay.
HOSPITAL DISCHARGE 
We will ask you to make a daily evening entry in the electronic diary beginning the day 
of your hospital discharge and continuing for 60 days. Each of the assessments will only require 
about 2 minutes of your time to complete.  
The electronic diary (tablet) will be equipped with a pre-paid wireless card so that you may 
connect to the internet to access the diary for completion.
You will also be asked to wear your accelerometer daily for the first 8 weeks after your 
discharge.
A member of the study team will call you once a month for 6 months and at 12 months after your 
discharge and ask you questions about your pain, physical function and 1 questionnaire. This 
phone call should last about 10 minutes.
During your postoperative visits to your surgeon we will record information about your joint 
function.
STUDY VISIT 2:
Approximately 8 weeks after your surgery, we will ask you to return to the HPRU. We will 
repeat the questionnaires that were performed during our first visit and ask you to return the 
electronic diary and the accelerometer.
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Page 4 of 10
Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
You will also complete 1 electronic survey that asks you about how you make decisions or how 
impulsive you are and you will play a card game that tells us how you make decisions.
HOW LONG WILL I BE IN THE STUDY?
You will be in the study for about 12-13 months.
You can stop participating at any time. If you decide to stop participating in the study we 
encourage you to talk to the investigators or study staff first to learn about any potential health or 
safety consequences. 
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THE STUDY?
Being in this study involves some risk to you. You should discuss the risk of being in this study 
with the study staff. We will ask you to complete various psychological tasks, which may cause 
you to reflect on emotional experiences or feel emotional. If you find it necessary, a list of 
resources are included at the end of this consent form that you may find helpful. We will not be 
providing immediate feedback to you from your psychological questionnaires.
Oxytocin
The safety of spinal oxytocin has been extensively examined in animals, with no evidence of any 
nerve damage or other lasting effects, nearly 1000 humans have received spinal oxytocin in 
China without reported problems. Although this all suggests that it is safe to administer oxytocin, 
the exact risks are unknown. We will monitor you for the following potential side effects such as 
your level of sleepiness, changes in your blood pressure, how fast your heart is beating, and your 
urge to breathe. "The study team will provide treatment for side effects, as necessary."
You may experience discomfort, bruising and/or bleeding where the needle is inserted. 
Occasionally some people become dizzy lightheaded or feel faint. Infection may occur on rare 
occasions.  Frequent donation of blood can result in low iron in your blood (iron deficient 
anemia).  
In addition, there is a slight risk of a breach of confidentiality.  We will do our best to protect 
your confidential information.  There also may be other side effects that we cannot predict. You 
should tell the research staff about all the medications, vitamins and supplements you take and 
any medical conditions you have. This may help avoid side effects, interactions and other risks.
The risk of harm or discomfort that may happen as a result of taking part in this research study is 
not expected to be more than in daily life or from routine physical or psychological examinations 
or tests.  You should discuss the risk of being in this study with the study staff.
Taking part in this research study may involve providing information that you consider 
confidential or private.  Efforts, such as coding research records, keeping research records secure 
and allowing only authorized people to have access to research records, will be made to keep 
your information safe.
WFU School of Medicine 
Institutional Review Board 
IRB Number:IRB00036246
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Version Valid Until: 9/29/2021


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Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
 A Data Safety and Monitoring Committee, an independent group of experts, will be reviewing 
the data from this research throughout the study.
Reproductive Risks and other Issues to Participating in Research
Due to unknown risks and potential harm to the unborn fetus, sexually active women of 
childbearing potential must use a reliable method of birth control while participating in this 
study. Reliable methods of birth control are: abstinence (not having sex), oral contraceptives, 
intrauterine device (IUD), DepoProvera, tubal ligation, or vasectomy of the partner (with 
confirmed negative sperm counts) in a monogamous relationship (same partner). An acceptable, 
although less reliable, method involves the careful use of condoms and spermicidal foam or gel 
and/or a cervical cap or sponge. We encourage you to discuss this issue further with your 
physicians if you have any questions.
Pregnant women are excluded from participation in this study. Because some methods of birth 
control are not 100% reliable, a pregnancy test is required at least 10 days from your last normal 
menstrual period, if you are a sexually active woman of childbearing potential.
ARE THERE BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?
You are not expected to receive any direct benefit from taking part in this research study. We 
hope the information learned from this study will benefit other people in the future; however it is 
possible that you may have some relief from your postoperative pain.
WHAT OTHER CHOICES ARE THERE?
This is not a treatment study. Your alternative is to not participate in this study.
WHAT ABOUT MY HEALTH INFORMATION?
In this research study, any new information we collect from you and/or information we get from 
your medical records or other facilities about your health or behaviors is considered Protected 
Health Information. The information we will collect for this research study includes: 

Name 

Age (date of birth)

Health history

Current medications

Questionnaires 

Surgical Experience (ie: surgeon, procedure, anesthesia, pain, medications, 
complications, length of hospitalization)

Postoperative function 
We will make every effort to keep your Protected Health Information private. We will store 
records of your Protected Health Information in a cabinet in a locked office or on a password 
protected computer. Only the following people or organizations will be granted access to your 
Protected Health Information:
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Version Valid Until: 9/29/2021


Page 6 of 10
Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
1) The study investigator and his/her staff, or others at Wake Forest University Health 
Sciences who oversee research.
2) Other people or laboratories providing services for this research project on behalf of 
Wake Forest University Health Sciences and Wake Forest University Baptist Medical 
Center.
3) Monitors, auditors, IRB or other regulatory agencies will be granted direct access to the 
participant’s original medical record for verification of clinical trial procedures or data, 
without violating confidentiality of the participant and to the extent permitted by other 
applicable laws.
4) The study sponsor (National Institutes of Health) will be granted direct access to the 
participant’s original medical record for verification of clinical trial procedures or data, 
without violating confidentiality of the participant and to the extent permitted by other 
applicable laws.
5) Representative from the Food and Drug Administration will be granted direct access to 
the participant’s original medical record for verification of clinical trial procedures or 
data, without violating confidentiality of the participant and to the extent permitted by 
other applicable laws.
If required by law or court order, we might also have to share your Protected Health Information 
with a judge, law enforcement officer, government agencies, or others. If your Protected Health 
Information is shared with any of these groups it may no longer be protected by federal or state 
privacy rules.
Any Protected Health Information collected from you in this study that is maintained in the 
research records. Any Protected Health Information collected from you in this study that is 
maintained in the research records will be kept for an indeterminate period of time. This 
authorization does not expire and/or any research information entered into your medical record 
will be kept for as long as your medical record is kept by the Medical Center. You will not be 
able to obtain a copy of your Protected Health Information in the research records until all 
activities in the study are completely finished. 
 You will not be able to obtain a copy of your Protected Health Information in the research 
records until all activities in the study are completely finished. 
You can tell Dr. James C. Eisenach that you want to take away your permission to use and share 
your Protected Health Information at any time by sending a letter to this address:
James C. Eisenach, M.D.
WFU School of Medicine 
Institutional Review Board 
IRB Number:IRB00036246
Meeting Date Approved 9/30/2020          
Version Valid Until: 9/29/2021


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Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
However, if you take away permission to use your Protected Health Information you will not be 
able to be in the study any longer. We will stop collecting any more information about you, but 
any information we have already collected can still be used for the purposes of the research 
study.
By signing this form you give us permission to use your Protected Health Information for this 
study.
If you choose to participate in this study, your medical record at Wake Forest University Baptist 
Medical Center will indicate that you are enrolled in a clinical trial.  Information about the 
research and any medications or devices you are being given as a participant may also be 
included in your medical record.  This part of the medical record will only be available to people 
who have authorized access to your medical record.  If you are not a patient at this Medical 
Center, a medical record will be created for you anyway to ensure that this important information 
is available to doctors in case of an emergency.
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required 
by U.S. Law.  This website will not include information that can identify you.  At most, the 
website will include a summary of the results.  You can search this Web site at any time.
WHAT ARE THE COSTS?
There are no costs to you for taking part in this study. All study costs, including procedures 
related directly to the study will be paid for by the study. Costs for your regular medical care, 
which are not related to this study, will be your own responsibility.
WILL YOU BE PAID FOR PARTICIPATING?
You will be paid a total; of $700 for completion of the entire study. If you complete only part of 
the study or withdraw during the study you will be paid according to the schedule below:

$100 for completion of the first HPRU study visit

$100 for completion of the second HPRU study visit

$100 for return of study supplies (electronic tablet, Actigraph™ and chargers)

$200 for completing at least 90% of the daily diary entries on the electronic tablet and 
wearing the Actigraph™ through 8 weeks after surgery at least 90% of required time

$200 for completion of all the scheduled study visits and telephone questionnaires
Once you have returned the Actigraph™ and the electronic diary (including the charger) and the 
wireless card your payment will be processed.
If you withdraw for any reason from the study before completion you will be paid according to 
the schedule of payment above after you have returned all study related items.
WFU School of Medicine 
Institutional Review Board 
IRB Number:IRB00036246
Meeting Date Approved 9/30/2020          
Version Valid Until: 9/29/2021


Page 8 of 10
Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
To receive payment, you must provide your social security number, name and address so that we 
can comply with IRS (Internal Revenue Service) reporting requirements.  When payments are 
reported to the IRS we do not let them know what the payment is for, only that you have been 
paid.  If you do not wish to provide this information you can still take part in this study but you 
will not be paid.
The findings from this research may result in the future development of products that are of 
commercial value. There are no plans to provide you with financial compensation or for you to 
share in any profits if this should occur.
WHO IS SPONSORING THIS STUDY?
This study is being sponsored National Institutes of Health. The sponsor is providing money or 
other support to Wake Forest University Health Sciences to help conduct this study. The 
researchers do not, however, hold a direct financial interest in the sponsor or the product being 
studied.
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU EXPERIENCE AN INJURY OR ILLNESS AS A 
RESULT OF PARTICIPATING IN THIS STUDY?
Should you experience a physical injury or illness as a direct result of your participation in this 
study, Wake Forest University School of Medicine maintains limited research insurance 
coverage for the usual and customary medical fees for reasonable and necessary treatment of 
such injuries or illnesses. To the extent research insurance coverage is available under this policy 
the reasonable costs of these necessary medical services will be paid, up to a maximum of 
$25,000. Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center holds the insurance policy for this 
coverage. It provides a maximum of $25,000 coverage for each claim and is limited to a total of 
$250,000 for all claims in any one year. The Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and 
the North Carolina Baptist Hospitals, Incorporated do not assume responsibility to pay for these 
medical services or to provide any other compensation for such injury or illness. Additional 
information may be obtained from the Medical Center’s Director of Risk and Insurance 
Management, at 
.
If you are injured, the insurer may require information such as your name, social security 
number, and date of birth in order to pay for your care.  This is because the insurer is required by 
law to report any payments made to cover the care of any persons who are members of a 
government insurance plan to the Department of Health and Human Services.
You do not give up any legal rights as a research participant by signing this consent form. For 
more information on medical treatment for research related injuries or to report a study related 
illness, adverse event, or injury you should call Dr. James C. Eisenach at 
 during 
regular business hours and after hours you may page the study coordinator by calling 
and entering the pager number 
.
WHAT ARE MY RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH STUDY PARTICIPANT?
Taking part in this study is voluntary. You may choose not to take part or you may leave the 
WFU School of Medicine 
Institutional Review Board 
IRB Number:IRB00036246
Meeting Date Approved 9/30/2020          
Version Valid Until: 9/29/2021


Page 9 of 10
Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
study at any time. Refusing to participate or leaving the study will not result in any penalty or 
loss of benefits to which you are entitled. The investigators also have the right to stop your 
participation in the study at any time. This could be because we have not been able to contact 
you or you are not completing your questionnaires and diaries as agreed upon. You will be given 
any new information we become aware of that would affect your willingness to continue to 
participate in the study.
WHOM DO I CALL IF I HAVE QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS?
For questions about the study or in the event of a research-related injury, contact the study 
investigator, Dr. James C. Eisenach at 
 during regular business hours and after 
hours you may page the study coordinator by calling 
. 
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a group of people who review the research to protect 
your rights. If you have a question about your rights as a research participant, or you would like 
to discuss problems or concerns, have questions or want to offer input, or you want to obtain 
additional information, you should contact the Chairman of the IRB at 
.
You will be given a copy of this signed consent form. 
SIGNATURES
I agree to take part in this study. I authorize the use and disclosure of my health information as 
described in this consent and authorization form.  If I have not already received a copy of the 
Privacy Notice, I may request one or one will be made available to me.  I have had a chance to 
ask questions about being in this study and have those questions answered.   By signing this 
consent and authorization form, I am not releasing or agreeing to release the investigator, the 
sponsor, the institution or its agents from liability for negligence.
Subject Name (Printed):_____________________________
Subject Signature: _________________________________ Date: ________Time:_______ am pm 
Person Obtaining Consent:___________________________ Date:_________ Time:________ am pm
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Adult Consent Form
Version: 12/13/2016
Below is a list of resources that you may find helpful:
Emergencies:
Local Emergency Department
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline:  800-273-TALK (8255)
Non-Emergent:
Wake Forest Psychiatry (medical or counseling):  716-WAKE
Check with your insurance panel to identify therapists, doctors and other healthcare providers
Websites such as www.findatherapist.com
http://www.findatherapist.com 
http://www.therapists.psychologytoday.com
http://www.find-a-therapist.com
WFU School of Medicine 
Institutional Review Board 
IRB Number:IRB00036246
Meeting Date Approved 9/30/2020          
Version Valid Until: 9/29/2021

Prot_000.pdf: 
 
 
Unique Protocol ID: IRB00036246 
Title: Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to Speed Recovery After Hip 
Surgery 
NCT03011307 
Document Date: 12/13/2016 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
1a 
12/13/2016 
BACKGROUND 
 
There is a strong experimental basis to support the study of oxytocin by the spinal route 
for analgesia and to speed recovery from pain after injury in humans.  Oxytocin containing cells 
in the dorsal parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) project to the spinal 
cord (1).  Noxious stimulation activates these cells via the A1 noradrenergic relay in the pons (2) 
and produces analgesia by spinal release of oxytocin, since intrathecal injection of an oxytocin 
receptor antagonist worsens pain behaviors from peripheral inflammation (3).  Direct electrical 
stimulation of the PVN reduces dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious stimulation, and this 
is blocked by administration of sequestering antibody for oxytocin (4).  Similarly, direct 
electrical stimulation of the PVN reduces behavioral sensitivity in a model of chronic 
neuropathic pain, and this effect is blocked by an 
oxytocin receptor antagonist (5).  Intrathecal injection of 
oxytocin in normal rats reduces dorsal horn neuronal 
responses to noxious stimuli (6) as well as behavioral 
responses to noxious thermal (3), mechanical (3), and 
chemical (7) stimuli.  Finally, intrathecal injection of 
oxytocin in rat models of chronic pain also reduces 
dorsal horn neuronal responses to sensory stimulation 
(6) as well as behavioral responses to thermal (5) and 
mechanical (7) stimuli.   
 
Many compounds and manipulations produce 
evidence of analgesia in rodents, but most studies, 
including the ones cited for oxytocin above, rely on 
reflex withdrawal responses to simulation or 
electrophysiologic responses in individual cells.  As such, the relevance of these observations to 
spontaneous pain in humans is far from certain.  Two observations, however, strongly suggest 
that intrathecal oxytocin would be analgesic in humans and would speed recovery from pain after 
surgery. 
 
The first, most direct evidence, is a report from China of 608 patients with chronic low 
back pain and 369 patients with acute low back pain who received single intrathecal injections of 
oxytocin (8). Intrathecal oxytocin produced acute analgesia in both settings, with nearly 
Figure 1.  Percentage of patients 
with complete pain relief from 
intrathecal injection of oxytocin. 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
2a 
12/13/2016 
universal complete pain relief reported at doses of approximately 30 μg per injection for chronic 
low back pain and 60 μg per injection for acute low back pain (Figure 1).  Duration of analgesia 
was dose dependent, with < 1 hr analgesia from approximately 7 μg per injection and > 5 hr 
analgesia from approximately 60 μg per injection. 
The second line of evidence comes from our clinical observations in obstetric patients.  
Physical injury, whether from trauma or surgery, is recognized as an important cause of chronic 
pain, and the incidence of chronic pain after surgery ranges from 10 to 40%, depending on the 
procedure (9).  We recently completed a clinical trial of over 1200 women examining the 
incidence of chronic pain after vaginal and cesarean delivery.  Although approximately 10% of 
women had pain 2 months after delivery (10), the incidence of pain one year after delivery was 
remarkably low (95% confidence limit for pain at one year of 0.7%).  This is at least an order of 
magnitude lower than that reported from any other abdominal surgery, including superficial 
surgery like inguinal herniorrhaphy (9).  We hypothesized, based on these studies, that a factor 
which is present during pregnancy may be protective of chronic pain.  We therefore examined 
hypersensitivity in rats following a surgery (spinal nerve ligation) which is commonly used as a 
model of neuropathic pain.  To our surprise, this surgery produced similar degrees of 
hypersensitivity when performed during pregnancy than in nonpregnant animals (Figure 2).  In 
contrast to this lack of effect of pregnancy, the degree of hypersensitivity significantly 
diminished for several weeks after delivery, abruptly returning when the pups were weaned from 
Figure 2.  Withdrawal threshold drops 
similarly after spinal nerve ligation 
(SNL, a model of neuropathic pain) in 
pregnant and nonpregnant animals, but 
this hypersensitivity is alleviated after 
delivery.  Colored areas are 95% CIs. 
Figure 3.  In animals with SNL 
performed during pregnancy, withdrawal 
threshold drops abruptly when pups are 
weaned at 17 days, but when SNL is 
done on the day of delivery, withdrawal 
threshold never changes from control.   


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
3a 
12/13/2016 
the dams (Figure 3).  When nerve injury surgery was performed on the same day as delivery, 
hypersensitivity never developed, mimicking the clinical trial results of a lack of chronic pain 
from surgical or vaginal delivery (Figure 3). 
We subsequently performed several studies which suggest that spinal release of oxytocin 
represents the protective factor against chronic pain after childbirth.  Intrathecal injection of the 
specific oxytocin receptor antagonist, atosiban, temporarily reverses the blockade of nerve injury 
induced hypersensitivity in the postpartum period in rats.  Similarly, intracerebroventricular 
administration of the α-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, which is known to block the 
effects of lactation on activation of oxytocin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus 
(PVN) of the hypothalamus, also temporarily reverses the blockade of nerve injury induced 
hypersensitivity in the postpartum period in rats.  Finally, protection against hypersensitivity 
from nerve injury is abruptly reversed when pups are separated from dams for 24 hr, and this is 
accompanied by a large decrease in oxytocin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid.  Although we 
are currently performing more laboratory studies to further define this mechanism, these data 
suggest that spinal oxytocin receptor stimulation in the period immediately following delivery 
speeds recovery from injury-induced hypersensitivity and subsequent chronic pain. 
We recently completed a Phase 1 safety study of intrathecal oxytocin and observed no 
serious adverse events over the dose range studied (5-150 μg).  One subject at the 150 μg dose 
had transient subjective numbness in sacral dermatomes, but this was preceded by a vasovagal 
episode beginning just prior to spinal injection, and this did not occur in other subjects at this 
dose.  There were no objective signs of motor or sensory dysfunction in any volunteer, and blood 
pressure, heart rate, sensorium, corrected QT interval and serum sodium were unaffected. 
In addition, we are progressing on two other Phase 2 studies, one in healthy volunteers 
and another in patients with chronic neuropathic pain, and have observed no serious adverse 
events in these subjects. 
We anticipate that intrathecal oxytocin will speed recovery from pain after major surgery 
(hip arthroplasty).  For these future studies, we will use a randomized, controlled and blinded 
study of intrathecal oxytocin in patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty, with primary outcome 
being the slope of change in pain over the first 60 days following surgery, using growth curve 
modeling and a ln(time) function.  


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
4a 
12/13/2016 
References 
 
1.  Hallbeck M, Larhammar D, Blomqvist A. Neuropeptide expression in rat paraventricular 
hypothalamic neurons that project to the spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 2001;433:222-38. 
 
2.  Pan B, Castro-Lopes JM, Coimbra A. Central afferent pathways conveying nociceptive 
input to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as revealed by a combination of 
retrograde labeling and c-fos activation. J Comp Neurol 1999;413:129-45. 
 
3.  Yu SQ, Lundeberg T, Yu LC. Involvement of oxytocin in spinal antinociception in rats 
with inflammation. Brain Res 2003;983:13-22. 
 
4.  Rojas-Piloni G, Lopez-Hidalgo M, Martinez-Lorenzana G, Rodriguez-Jimenez J, 
Condes-Lara M. GABA-mediated oxytocinergic inhibition in dorsal horn neurons by 
hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus stimulation. Brain Res 2007;1137:69-77. 
 
5.  Miranda-Cardenas Y, Rojas-Piloni G, Martínez-Lorenzana G, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, 
López-Hidalgo M, Freund-Mercier MJ, Condés-Lara M. Oxytocin and electrical 
stimulation of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus produce antinociceptive effects 
that are reversed by an oxytocin antagonist. Pain 2006;122:182-9. 
 
6.  Condes-Lara M, Maie IA, Dickenson AH. Oxytocin actions on afferent evoked spinal 
cord neuronal activities in neuropathic but not in normal rats. Brain Res 2005;1045:124-
33. 
 
7.  Yang J, Yang Y, Chen JM, Liu WY, Wang CH, Lin BC. Central oxytocin enhances 
antinociception in the rat. Peptides 2007;28:1113-9. 
 
8.  Yang J. Intrathecal administration of oxytocin induces analgesia in low back pain 
involving the endogenous opiate peptide system. Spine 1994;19:867-71. 
 
9.  Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. 
Lancet 2006;367:1618-25. 
 10.  Eisenach JC, Pan PH, Smiley R, Lavand'homme P, Landau R, Houle TT. Severity of 
acute pain after childbirth, but not type of delivery, predicts persistent pain and 
postpartum depression. Pain 2008;140:87-94. 
 
 
 
 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
5a 
12/13/2016 
Protocol 
Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to 
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery 
 
GOAL:  Determine the effect of intrathecal oxytocin on speed of reduction in pain for the first 
60 days after hip surgery. 
 
METHODS: 
 
Primary analysis: Slope of modeled change in daily worst pain intensity scores from the first 60 
days after surgery. 
 
Setting: 
Subjects recruited at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center will be identified by research 
personnel in the departments of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics. Research personnel will 
approach the subjects while they are in a private exam room, the study will be explained to the 
subject and the subject will be given a copy of the study consent form to read. Informed consent    
be obtained at this time or the subject may choose to take the informed consent home and call the 
study personnel to schedule an appointment to come to the Headache and Pain Research Unit at 
Piedmont Plaza 2 (HPRU) for consent and their initial study visit. Subjects will be seen in the 
HPRU twice; within 2 weeks prior to surgery, and approximately 2 months after surgery. 
Subjects selection criteria:  We will recruit patients having primary, unilateral hip 
arthroplasty (HA). 
 
Inclusion criteria:  Adult, non-pregnant adults scheduled for elective HA, American 
Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1-3, able and willing to perform the study 
procedures. Individuals must be able to read and write English and have a stable residence. 
 
Exclusion criteria:  (1) inability to complete questionnaires; (2) pregnancy; (3) litigation 
or workers compensation related to their joint surgery; (4) taking  > 100 mg morphine 
equivalents/day; (5) suffering from a psychotic disorder or a recent psychiatric hospitalization. 
 
Sample size:  Single-center interventional study of 120 evaluable patients having primary 
HA.  
 
 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
6a 
12/13/2016 
Interventions and interactions:   
Preoperative procedures. Eligible subjects will be identified at least 2 weeks prior to 
surgery, informed consent obtained, and 
a ~ 1.5-hr preoperative assessment will 
be performed, consisting of 3 parts. 
First, we will record demographic and 
history information, including pre-
existing pain elsewhere.  Second, we 
will administer the 9CH iPad game.  
Third, we will administer questionnaire-
based measures of psychological state, 
physical function, and pain (Table 1). 
Questionnaire responses will be entered via a custom designed redcap data entry form and 
checked for completeness 
by research personnel. 
From these questionnaires, 
we will place each 
participant, as on another 
protocol approved by this 
IRB, on a continuum that 
describes their general 
cognitive style. We will use multidimensional scaling (MDS) to force catastrophizing and 
optimism as 2 ends of this continuum (Figure 4).  These two constructs describe cognitive styles 
that are strongly inversely associated with each other; MDS will provide the optimal weights to 
best order individuals on this latent scale. Studies have examined the interplay of these 
constructs with other psychological concepts such as acceptance, pain-related disability and 
psychosocial adjustment and have found that both are reliably associated with the positive and 
negative aspects of the adjustment to pain.                                             
 
 
Table 1.  Preoperative Questionnaire 
Stanford Expectations of Therapy Scale 
WOMAC- Osteoarthritis Index 
Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) 
PROMIS- Depression 
PROMIS- Anxiety 
Pain Medication Attitudes Questionnaire (PMAQ) 
Pain Locus of Control Scale (PLOC) 
Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE) 
Barratt Impulsivity Test 
Fear of Pain Questionnaire 
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) 
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) 
WHO Disability Assessment (WHODAS 2.0) 
Figure 4: The dimensional structure of the continuum of cognitive 
style to be used, including psychosocial constructs associated with 
each end. 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
7a 
12/13/2016 
 Subjects will be trained and provided with a tablet device for daily diary entries and the 
accelerometer. The accelerometer has wireless connectivity such that daily diary and activity will 
be time stamped and can be easily uploaded by the patient to the data coordinating center on a 
regular basis. We will utilize a password protected web based database tool for near real-time 
access to facilitate adherence (e.g., phone calls or emails when participants fail to wear the 
device during regularly scheduled time points). 
We will have subjects begin using the tablet and wearing the accelerometer 
approximately  2 weeks prior to surgery so that they will become familiar with the devices to 
increase compliance and adherence to the protocol after surgery. 
 
 
We will access PEBL software for cognitive assessment. This open-source software 
employs several cognitive tasks that look and feel like challenging games that allow the 
assessment of different areas of cognitive function. The specific tasks will be the Iowa gambling 
task to assess impulsivity, Wisconsin card sorting task to assess executive function, and the TSK 
to assess kinesiophobia. Participants will complete these tasks at baseline and again when 
returning to the HPRU 2 months after surgery, when they will return the electronic tablet and the 
accelerometer. 
 
Drug treatment. Patients will be randomized to equal numbers in one of two groups to 
receive either 1) intrathecal oxytocin, 100 μg or 2) intrathecal saline. Once the spinal needle is 
inserted, 2 ml of cerebrospinal fluid will be withdrawn for subsequent measurement of 
neurotransmitters and other non-genomic modulators of pain responses, then the study solution 
in a 2 ml volume will be administered, followed by injection of local anesthetic with adjuvants as 
chosen by the anesthesiologist.  Intrathecal study drug solutions will be provided by the research 
pharmacy and the investigators and patients will be blinded to treatment group.  
 
Intraoperative and in-hospital care. We will not limit intraoperative surgical management or in-
hospital analgesic management. Subjects will receive anesthesia and postoperative analgesia per 
the standard of care that is utilized by the Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management (RAAPM) 
team. A study team member will record  a verbal pain score 24 hours after the administration of 
the peripheral nerve blocks, potential confounds including surgical complications, in-hospital 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
8a 
12/13/2016 
physical therapy, intraoperative and postoperative opioid, gabapentin, ketamine, and regional 
anesthesia administration, and days from surgery to discharge. Subjects will also play the 9CH 
iPad game that they were introduced to in the preoperative visit 24 hours after surgery. 
 
Post-hospital discharge measures. Patients will begin daily evening electronic diary 
entries on the day of hospital discharge for 60 days. These assessments will typically take less 
than 2 minutes and assess IMMPACT recommended domains (Turk, 2006): pain intensity, 
physical functioning, emotional functioning, and participant ratings of global improvement and 
associated symptoms. Electronic diary entries are captured wirelessly using the participant’s 
home wireless connection via a customized, secure database. Several tablets equipped with pre-
paid 4G wireless access will be available to ensure that participants without home internet 
connections can participate. The diaries will be monitored and maintained by research personnel 
in real-time; if a participant misses a diary entry, they will be emailed or called (their preference) 
to ensure maximal adherence to the protocol. Using these procedures we have been able to obtain 
> 95% adherence in our previous diary studies. Participants will also wear the accelerometer for 
the first 60 days after discharge.  Participants will also complete the cognitive tasks (Iowa 
gambling task, Wisconsin card sort, TSK) that they were introduced to at the baseline session at 
2 months after hospital discharge. These tasks will again be administered via the PEBL software. 
Questionnaires done at pre-randomization will be repeated at 2 months after surgery. We will 
also record objective assessments of joint function at the times when the subjects return to clinic 
for their postoperative visits.  Finally, we will contact each participant by telephone monthly 
until 6 months after surgery and at one year after surgery with a brief (<10 min) series of 
questions regarding their pain, physical function, and disability (12 item WHODAS 2.0) 
following surgery. 
 
Subject payment: Subjects will be paid $700 with pro-rated payment steps (listed below) 
to study completion. The tablet devices will be returned to each study center for re-use. 
Pro-rated payment will be made as follows:  
• $100 for completion of the first HPRU study visit 
• $100 for completion of the second HPRU study visit 
• $100 for return of study supplies (electronic tablet, accelerometer and chargers) 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
9a 
12/13/2016 
• $200 for completing at least 90% of the daily diary entries on the electronic tablet and 
wearing the accelerometer through 8 weeks after surgery at least 90% of required time 
• $200 for completion of all the scheduled study visits and telephone questionnaires 
 
If a subject withdraws for any reason from the study before completion they will be paid 
according to the schedule of payment above.  The accelerometer and the tablet must be returned 
if a subject withdraws from the study prior to completion.   
 
Analytical plan:   
Data analysis. We will examine the daily frequently obtained pain scores and the total daily 
(i.e., non-sleep) movement score. One growth curve model will be created for each outcome 
(pain, movement). Additionally, one model that combines both outcomes will examine for 
lagged and synchronous relationships between the two outcomes (i.e., do changes in one 
outcome predate changes in the other?). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) will be used to create a 
single dimensional scale from the catastrophizing and optimism scores (i.e., responses from these 
two questionnaires will be weighted and scaled to create a single-dimensional construct) as an 
additional, novel predictor. 
Growth curve modeling, sometimes referred to as mixed-effects modeling, or hierarchical 
linear modeling, will allow us to specify a change trajectory (i.e., healing) that is unique to each 
individual/animal. The nature of the common form of changes in pain/behavior will be modeled 
using curvilinear forms (e.g., polynomial regression). Through the use of fixed and random 
effects, we will then be able to examine the influences on the changes in pain and activity 
measurements. In this way, we can examine the predictors immediately after surgery, the factors 
that predict delayed/absent recovery, patterns in these changes across individuals, examine the 
relationships between initial measurements and expected change, and test efficacy of the test 
intervention, intrathecal oxytocin.   
To examine how the subjects in these studies recover over the repeated measurement 
occasions, we will employ hierarchical linear modeling (HLM: Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002).  The 
application of HLM to individual change data is well suited for the expected changes that occur 
after surgical injury.  HLM is a polynomial regression with random effects where interaction 
terms are used to examine impacts on the change parameters.  Because of the nature of the 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
10a 
12/13/2016 
expected change, the trajectories will be modeled using parameters consisting of an intercept and 
some form of change parameter(s).  Where appropriate, the slope and quadratic parameter will be 
estimated using the natural log of time (change in recovery). The intercept is coded to represent 
the initial level (first day after hospital discharge) of the outcome variable.  The slope estimates 
the linear change over time (or ln of time) and represents the increase or decrease in the variable. 
Measurements taken before discharge (i.e., pain reporting immediately after surgery, analgesic 
use), demographic predictors (e.g., age, sex, previous history of chronic pain), and operative 
characteristics (e.g., surgery type, anesthesia regimen) will be used as predictors in a basic 
trajectory model. Variability between surgeons will be modeled using random effects by surgeon 
(with individual patients viewed as nested within surgeon). We will add additional predictors that 
measure baseline levels of affective distress, fear of pain, etc. We will utilize model fit indices 
(e.g., Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)) to best characterize the change process using the 
most parsimonious model. Separate models will be conducted for pain reporting and physical 
activity. 
Based on analysis of over three dozen subjects after total hip or knee arthroplasty and over 
500 subjects after cesarean delivery using the methods in the current protocol, we anticipate that 
the ln (time) model will best fit the population and will be used as the primary outcome measure 
for the primary and secondary analyses involving recovery from pain and inactivity. 
All analyses will be conducted with the most recent versions of SAS (SAS, Inc., Cary, NC), 
The R Project for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 
Austria) or SPSS (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL). Where appropriate, all analyses will be two-tailed 
with statistical significance interpreted at p < 0.05. 
 
Statistical Power Considerations. Enrolling N = 120 participants (n = 60 per study arm) 
provides sufficient power to examine the study’s primary hypothesis. Assuming that each 
individual contributes ~ 60 daily measurements, with alpha = 0.05, power = .80, a modest level 
of within-subject correlation, and adequate model fits (SD of the residuals < 2.0), we will be able 
to detect difference in slopes of d = 0.09 units. Thus, if the saline group exhibited a mean pain 
score of 8.0 VAS units after surgery and decreased on average 0.38 points each day (i.e., 
expected full recovery at 21 days), sufficient power exists to detect an enhanced slope of 0.47 in 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
11a 
12/13/2016 
the oxytocin group (i.e., expected full recovery in ~17 days). This difference is a clinically 
meaningful effect size that could substantially improve the life of patients.  
 
Outcome measures. 
Primary outcome measure: Modeled trajectory of recovery from pain (worst daily pain intensity) 
using a log of time form. 
 
Several secondary analyses are planned, including slope of modeled change in other pain 
intensity measures (daily average pain and pain right now), activity and cognitive function tests.  
Interaction between preoperative cognitive style and slope of modeled change in these measures. 
that examine changes in cognition (e.g., impulsivity, attention) as well as kinesiophobia. The 
cognition measures (Iowa gambling task, Wisconsin card sort, TSK) collected at baseline and 2 
months after discharge will be examined using generalized linear model with time as a fixed 
factor.  
 
Human subjects protection. 
Subject recruitment methods.  Appropriate subjects will be identified and approached in the 
Department of Orthopedics during their regular scheduled appointment, by research personnel. 
Research personnel will utilize a private exam room to talk with subjects. Subjects will be given 
the study details and the opportunity to read the informed consent. The subject may take the 
informed consent home and make their decision regarding study participation.  Contact 
information for the research staff will be provided to the subject so that they may call for 
questions or to participate.  Study personnel will make every effort to approach any subject that 
will be scheduled for primary HA.  
 
Informed consent.  Signed informed consent will be obtained from each subject. Research 
personnel will obtain informed consent, the subject may sign the informed consent during their 
appointment time in the orthopedic clinic or the informed consent may be reviewed and signed 
during their first scheduled visit to the HPRU. If the subject has signed the informed consent 
prior to their first visit, consent will be confirmed and all questions answered prior to any study 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
12a 
12/13/2016 
procedures.  No study information or procedures will be performed prior to the subject signing 
the informed consent.  All subjects will be given a copy of the signed, informed consent.   
 
Confidentiality and privacy.  Confidentiality will be protected by collecting only information 
needed to assess study outcomes, minimizing to the fullest extent possible the collection of any 
information that could directly identify subjects, and maintaining all study information in a 
secure manner.  To help ensure subject privacy and confidentiality, only a unique study identifier 
will appear on the data collection form.  Any collected patient identifying information 
corresponding to the unique study identifier will be maintained on a linkage file, store separately 
from the data.  The linkage file will be kept secure, with access limited to designated study 
personnel.  Data access will be limited to study staff.  Data and records will be kept locked and 
secured, with any computer data password protected.  No reference to any individual participant 
will appear in reports, presentations, or publications that may arise from the study. 
 
Risks.  One patient receiving intrathecal oxytocin in previous and ongoing studies at this 
institution exhibited hypotension and bradycardia.  Although these symptoms were consistent 
with previous vaso-vagal episodes that the volunteer subsequently described with procedures, it 
is conceivable that this could be a drug effect. Blood pressure is monitored at frequent intervals 
(every 1-2 min) during the first 10 min after spinal injection for spinal anesthesia for HA, then 
every 2-5 min thereafter, and hypotension treated with intravenous fluid administration or 
vasopressors. 
 
Other risks of intrathecal oxytocin uterine contractions during the 3rd trimester of 
pregnancy, and unforeseen adverse events.  Animal studies have shown no histologic, 
behavioral, or neurochemical evidence of neurotoxicity with doses and concentrations several 
fold greater than those proposed in this study.   
 
In a previous application, the IRB noted that questionnaires of psychologic well being, 
including depression and catastrophizing cognition, could produce emotional distress in 
participants, and we included disclosure of this risk in the informed consent document and 
additional resources for counseling or treatment should this occur.  We will use the same 
approach in this protocol.  
 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
13a 
12/13/2016 
Protections against risk. 
• 
Electronic data will be maintained in a password protected database, on password 
protected servers, to which only the study team has access. Daily hand-held data is 
de-identified, and is transferred to lab computers via a secure connection. RedCap is a 
HIPAA compliant, secure database system. Data validity will be maintained by 
validity criterion in the database, and error checking procedures. Study staff will 
complete training in HIPAA regulations, and will be clearly instructed not to divulge 
confidential information regarding subjects. The system will also be developed in 
accordance with FDA part 11 [21cfr11] guidelines. Participant records are kept 
confidential, with paper records in a secure location and computer records password 
protected, available only to study staff. 
• 
Cerebrospinal fluid will be obtained by a board certified anesthesiologist during the 
course of routine care in providing spinal anesthesia. 
• 
Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other forms of psychological distress 
symptoms are to be measured upon enrollment. Because many patients will endorse 
some level of distress, and it is impossible to know for each individual when they 
require or are even open to mental health assistance. Therefore, and because our 
questions may focus patients’ attention on these sources of significant distress, we 
will offer a referral to a mental health professional to all patients. To be specific, we 
will provide all patients with telephone numbers and addresses of at least three local 
mental health resources. We will not explicitly seek suicidal ideation. Patients 
spontaneously endorsing thoughts of harming themselves or others will have their 
treating physician informed for an assessment if they need to be guided to the 
emergency room, or other care pathway. 
 
Data and safety monitoring 
The principal investigator will be responsible for the overall monitoring of the data and 
safety of study participants.  The principal investigator will be assisted by other members of the 
study staff. 
 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
14a 
12/13/2016 
The DSMP outlined below will provide appropriate oversight and monitoring to ensure the 
safety of participants, the validity of the data, and make intermittent recommendations whether 
to continue, modify or stop the study. The DSMP will utilize an independent DSMB to ensure 
the effective institution of the DSMP. 
 
This DSMB will have discretion to unblind any results, or conduct any inquiry needed to 
ensure the safety and efficacy of the trial at the request of the DSMB chair. The committee will 
maintain a written record of its meetings. 
 
Scope of data monitoring 
The primary source of the data will be the entered questionnaire data and adverse event 
reporting. 
 
 Study admission data 
Monitoring of admission data will include the number of subjects requesting participation in the 
study, number of subjects screened and number of subjects admitted to the study. The dsmb may 
request a report of the reason why subjects were disqualified from participating in the study. For 
subjects admitted to the study, the DSMB will review eligibility criteria for admitted subject, any 
protocol deviations and/or violations, and the demographic distribution of the subjects by group. 
 
Protocol compliance 
The DSMB will monitor the data to assess compliance with the protocol including the adherence 
to the randomization schedule. The DSMB will also monitor the quality and completeness of the 
data being collected, including the frequency of missing or erroneous data, and presence and 
frequency of outliers. 
 
Safety data 
Monitoring of safety data will include review of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events 
(SAEs), trial retention, and reason for drop out. Safety information will be reported to the DSMB 
in an unblinded manner. Formal statistical analyses of the safety data may be requested by the 
DSMB. For SAEs, data will include all the adverse event data meeting the FDA definition of 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
15a 
12/13/2016 
serious adverse events. In the assessment of SAEs, the DSMB will review each individual case 
including treatment group assignment. After each meeting of the DSMB, the secretary will 
forward a summary report of all serious and unexpected adverse experiences to the principal 
investigator to summarize the DSMB's review of the serious and unexpected adverse events 
reported. Furthermore, the DSMB will make a recommendation to continue, modify or halt the 
study protocol. This report will be transmitted to the Wake Forest University IRB, FDA, and 
NIH. Safety data will be prepared for review following the enrollment of each 40 subjects. 
 
Establishing a DSMB board membership 
The DSMB will be appointed by Dr. Eisenach and Dr. Houle with the purpose of reviewing, 
approval, and monitoring the implementation of the DSMP. The DSMB will have two members 
encompassing multidisciplinary expertise who are not involved in the study protocol including 
an anesthesiologist and clinical researcher. Thus the DSMB will encompass expertise in clinical 
research design and methodology. Board members will have no financial and/or scientific ties to 
the outcome of the clinical trial to avoid any real or perceived conflict of interest. The 
chairperson of the DSMB, will have previous experience in monitoring clinical trials with 
administrative experience.  
 
The DSMB will also include a non-voting member as a secretary. DSMB members will disclose 
in writing to the irb conflict of interest representative any potential conflicts of interest, actual or 
implied by appearance. At the start of each new member's term, the individual will sign a 
confidentiality statement promising not to disclose any proprietary and nonproprietary data. 
The data safety monitoring board physicians will be Dr. Francis Walker, Professor, Department 
of Neurology and Dr. Laura Dean, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology at Wake 
Forest Baptist Medical Center. Drs. Walker and Dean currently serve as DSMB for 2 existing 
spinal oxytocin studies. 
 
Board meeting schedule 
The board will have scheduled meetings twice a year and expedited meetings to review 
unexpected SAEs or other urgent issues that may arise during the trial. Unscheduled meetings 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
16a 
12/13/2016 
may be initiated by the DSMB chair, Dr. Eisenach, or Dr. Houle. The data to be reviewed by the 
DSMB will be available to the board members. 
 
Conduct of the meetings 
DSMB meetings will be divided into three sessions: open, closed and executive. Drs. Eisenach 
and/or Houle will attend the open session and present relevant information to the dsmb about the 
trial. The open session will focus on the status of the study, problems with accrual and follow-up, 
baseline demographic data, compliance issues, frequency of adverse events, data quality issues, 
flow of forms, and data based protocol modification issues. Following the open session, a closed 
session will be held. During the closed session, the dsmb chair will conduct the review of all 
issues and put each issue to a vote. Following the closed session, an executive meeting may be 
held to discuss any unmasked analysis of the trial and any sensitive issues surrounding the trial. 
 
DSMB recommendations: 
DSMB recommendations will be made in writing by the DSMB chair to Dr. Eisenach. The 
secretary will prepare meeting minutes for inclusion in the DSMB report. The report will outline 
and summarize all discussions during the open and closed sessions of the meeting. The draft 
report will be reviewed by all board members prior to issuance of the final report. DSMB 
recommendations will then be forwarded to the NIGMS program officer and Wake Forest 
University IRB. 
 
Reporting of unanticipated problems, adverse events or deviations 
Any unanticipated problems, serious and unexpected adverse events, deviations or protocol 
changes will be promptly reported by the principal investigator or designated member of the 
research team to the IRB and sponsor or appropriate government agency if appropriate. 
 
 
References 
Raudenbush, S. W. and A. S. Bryk (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data 
Analysis Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications. 


Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to  
Speed Recovery after Hip Surgery  
 
 
 
PI: James C. Eisenach, M.D. 
 
17a 
12/13/2016 
Turk, D. C., et al. (2006). "Developing patient-reported outcome measures for pain clinical trials: 
IMMPACT recommendations." Pain 125(3): 208-215. 
 
 
 
 
 
Appendix 
1. 
Copies of each questionnaires or surveys that will be used 
2. 
Consent form  

SAP_001.pdf: 
Unique Protocol ID: IRB00036246
Title: Efficacy of Intrathecal Oxytocin to Speed Recovery After Hip 
Surgery
NCT03011307
Document Date: 1/03/2022




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