Clinical trial NCT02260817
Conditions: Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Keywords: Prostate Cancer 11C Choline PET Imaging
Sponsor: Global Isotopes, LLC d/b/a Zevacor Molecular
Start date: 2014-10-01; Completion date: 2018-06-01
Enrollment: 109 participants; Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP

Brief summary:
This Phase 3 study will target approximately 100 men over age 18 who have a biochemical relapse or other evidence of relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment.

The purpose of this study is to:

A. Provide expanded access the drug 11C-choline.

B. Determine the performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) of 11C-choline PET/Computed Tomography (CT) and PET/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the detection of metastatic prostate cancer in patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment in a prospective manner.

C. Determine the optimal Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) trigger value in 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI positive patients through a prospective study.

D. Determine factors that predict a confirmed positive 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI using a multivariable analysis of clinical and pathologic data collected prospectively.

E. Compare the individual performance characteristics of 11C-choline PET/CT and 11C-choline PET/MRI and the combination of 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI

Study Protocol:

1. Patients entered into the study will undergo a 11C-choline PET CT scan and MRI scan.
2. The CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer.
3. The 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer.
4. Evidence of metastasis on conventional imaging or 11C-choline PET will be confirmed with biopsy or surgical pathology when possible, or by response to treatment on subsequent imaging.
5. Rates of confirmed metastasis between conventional CT and MRI images will be compared with the 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images.
6. Upon conclusion of each imaging protocol, the referring physician will receive written documentation of the results. At this time, the patient will be considered off study and no further follow up is required.

Detailed description:
1. The first arm of this study serves to provide expanded access to 11C-choline injection as currently defined under the reference listed drug label as an investigational drug in geographical service areas where 11C-choline is not available. The second arm expands access as well but also attempts to determine the more effective imaging modality and conditions between PET/CT and PET/MR.
2. The study will consist of patients who have a biochemical relapse or other evidence of relapse after primary treatment. The first arm of the study is open to as many patients who elect to participate in the study that are over the age of 18 and have experienced a biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment. The second arm will consist of patients who have been treated with radiation therapy, or androgen suppression and radiation therapy who have a PSA \> 2 ng/mL higher than the nadir level. The nadir level in patients who have been treated with androgen suppression and radiation therapy is determined after the serum testosterone level has normalized. This study group will also consist of patients who have been treated with radical prostatectomy and who have a biochemical relapse defined as a PSA of 0.2 ng/mL confirmed at that level or higher on a subsequent PSA test 3 months later. This group may consist of men who have other clinical evidence of relapse such as a suspicious bone scan or CT scan regardless of PSA kinetics. Patients identified as potential subjects will be screened against the eligibility criteria as defined above in Section 5.1.
3. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants before any study related procedures are conducted. Each participant will be informed about the nature of the study, its purpose, and possible risks. Informed consent will be documented by using the written informed consent document approved by the local IRB at the Decatur Memorial Hospital.
4. At the time of referral, patients will be asked to bring their prior records as it pertains to their prostate cancer history. Data collected from outside records, such as radiographic studies, previous imaging studies and biopsies will be incorporated into the study record.
5. Abstracted data for the study record will include:

   1. Patient demographics such as age, race, and family history of prostate cancer
   2. Risk factors such as finasteride or dutasteride use, and environmental exposure (eg. Agent orange)
   3. Prostate exam results, most recent within last 90 days
   4. PSA test results, most current and past
   5. Past medical and surgical history
   6. Current medications
   7. Allergies
   8. Pathology reports
   9. Imaging reports
   10. Date of diagnosis
   11. Date(s) of biochemical relapse and coordinating PSA results. Once all records have been assessed for eligibility, an order for the 11C-choline PET CT scan and MRI scan will be requested from the referring physician and patient will be scheduled and given the appropriate prep instructions.
6. Both arms of the study will undergo a 11C-choline PET CT scan and MRI scan. The CT scan will be performed with intravenous contrast unless deemed unsafe by lab values. The CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer. The 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer. Unequivocal evidence of metastasis on both conventional imaging and 11C-choline PET will be considered a true positive. Evidence of metastasis on conventional imaging or 11C-choline PET will be confirmed with biopsy or surgical pathology when possible, or by response to treatment on subsequent imaging. If confirmation of metastasis is not achievable by biopsy or surgical pathology, then confirmation will be achieved with 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images obtained 3 months after treatment conclusion. Rates of confirmed metastasis between conventional CT and MRI images will be compared with the 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images.
7. Upon conclusion of each imaging protocol, the referring physician will receive written documentation of the results. At this time, the patient will be considered off study and no further follow up is required.

Arms: arm 1: The key objective of this study is to provide expanded access to this drug product as currently defined under the reference listed drug as an investigational drug in geographical service areas where 11C-choline injection is not available.

Patients entered into the study will undergo a 11C-choline PET CT scan and MRI scan. The 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer. Patient data obtained in this arm of the study will not be further analyzed beyond that need for clinical diagnosis. arm 2: 11C-choline injection is approved for use in conjunction with both CT and MR imaging modalities. This arm will attempt to determine which modality is most efficacious and under which conditions.

Patients entered into the study will undergo imaging using GE's Trimodality Imaging System that combines PET, CT, and MR techniques to provide PET/CT and PET/MR fused images
Interventions: intervention 1: 11C-choline Injection
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: 1. Choline C11 Injection for PET/CT Imaging Protocol:

   * 15 - millicuries (mCi) 11C-choline IV Injection
   * PET images skull base to mid thigh with 3 min per bed position
   * Use of IV contrast based on American College of Radiology (ACR) IV contrast guidelines for a renal function screening protocol
   * Fusion of PET and CT images
2. Choline C11 Injection for PET/MRI Whole Body Imaging Protocol:

   * No IV contrast
   * High resolution axial T2 prostate bed, axial Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI) pelvis, coronal T2 skull base to mid thighs
   * Fusion of coronal and PET images

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
 
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This document contains the Protocols for the two separate study arms of 
NCT02260817. 
 
The Protocol for Expanded Access to 11C choline PET/CT and 11C choline 
PET/MR for Staging of Recurrent Prostate Cancer with Comparison Study of 
CT and MR modalities may be found at pages 2-34 
 
The Protocol for Expanded Access to 11C choline PET/CT/MR for Staging of 
Recurrent Prostate Cancer may be found at page 35-59. 
 
 


 
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Clinical Study Protocol 
Title Page 
 
Study Title:  Expanded Access to 11C choline PET/CT and 11C choline PET/MR 
for Staging of Recurrent Prostate Cancer with Comparison Study of 
CT and MR modalities. 
 
Test Drug:  Choline C11 Injection 
 
Indication Studied:  Prostate Cancer Recurrence  
 
Sponsor: Zevacor Molecular 
 
IND No.: 123448 
 
Protocol ID: ZM-CCH-40-PTL0914 
 
Protocol Version/Date: 0.03 / January 30th, 2015 
 
 
 
Investigators  
Thomas Tarter, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
 
 
Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, S.C. - Urology 
 
 
 
210 West McKinley Avenue, Suite 1 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
 
 
 
Benjamin T. Esparaz, M.D. 
 
 
 
Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, S.C. 
 
 
 
210 West McKinley Avenue, Suite 1 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
Mark Muscato, M.D. 
 
 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital - Radiology 
 
 
 
2300 North Edward Street 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
 
 
 
Jonathan Locke, M.D. 
 
 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital - Radiology 
 
 
 
2300 North Edward Street 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
 
 
 
Confidentiality Statement 


 
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The information in this document contains trade and commercial information that is privileged or confidential 
and may not be disclosed unless such disclosure is required by federal or state law or regulations. In any event, 
persons to whom the information is disclosed must be informed that the information is privileged or confidential 
and may not be further disclosed by them. These restrictions on disclosure will apply equally to all future 
information supplied to you which is indicated as privileged or confidential.  


 
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Contents 
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 
1.1 
Prostate Cancer .............................................................................................................................................. 7 
1.2 
Prostate Cancer Imaging ............................................................................................................................... 7 
1.2.1 
Relapsed Prostate Cancer .......................................................................................................................... 7 
1.3 
Rationale for Study ........................................................................................................................................ 9 
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES ..............................................................................................................................................10 
3. ETHICS ......................................................................................................................................................................10 
3.1 Institutional Review Board ..................................................................................................................................10 
3.2 Ethical Conduct of Study .....................................................................................................................................11 
3.3 Patient Information and Informed Consent ........................................................................................................11 
4. STUDY PATIENTS ...................................................................................................................................................12 
4.1 Patient Study Population ......................................................................................................................................12 
4.1.1  Inclusion Criteria ............................................................................................................................................12 
4.1.2  Exclusion Criteria ...........................................................................................................................................13 
4.2  Subject Withdrawal And Replacement ...............................................................................................................13 
4.2.1  Criteria For Subject Withdrawal ......................................................................................................................13 
4.2.2 Procedures for Subject Withdrawal ..................................................................................................................13 
5.1 
Study Protocol ...............................................................................................................................................14 
5.2  Imaging Protocols - 11C Choline PET/CT/MRI ..................................................................................................15 
5.3 Imaging Technology .............................................................................................................................................16 
5.4  Imaging Review and Interpretations ..................................................................................................................16 
5.4.1 Image Review .................................................................................................................................................16 
5.4.2 
Image Assessment Criteria .......................................................................................................................17 
5.5  Study Data – Statistical Analysis .........................................................................................................................18 
5.6     Publishing the Study Data ................................................................................................................................19 
6.0 CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ...........................................................................19 
6.1 Contraindications .................................................................................................................................................19 
6.2 Warnings and Precautions ...................................................................................................................................19 
6.3 Limitation of Use ..................................................................................................................................................20 
7. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY .....................................................................................................................................20 
7.1 Radiation Safety – Drug Handling .......................................................................................................................20 
7.2 Radiation Risks – Patients ....................................................................................................................................21 
7.3 Indications and Usage ..........................................................................................................................................21 
7.4 Patient Safety Evaluations....................................................................................................................................21 
7.5 Safety Review .......................................................................................................................................................21 


 
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8.0 ADVERSE REACTIONS ........................................................................................................................................21 
8.1 Adverse Reactions, General .................................................................................................................................21 
8.2 Allergic Reactions .................................................................................................................................................21 
8.3 IND Safety Reporting Requirements ...................................................................................................................22 
8.3.1 21 CFR 312.....................................................................................................................................................22 
8.3.2 Adverse Events...............................................................................................................................................22 
8.3.3 Suspected Adverse Reactions ...........................................................................................................................23 
8.3.4 Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) .......................................................................................................................23 
8.3.5 Unexpected Adverse Events ...........................................................................................................................24 
8.3.6 Submission of IND Safety Reports ...................................................................................................................24 
8.3.7 AE Reporting - Sponsor Contact Information ...................................................................................................25 
8.4 Patient Monitoring ...............................................................................................................................................25 
8.5 Investigator Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................25 
8.6 Follow Up .............................................................................................................................................................25 
9.0 STUDY PATIENTS .................................................................................................................................................26 
9.1 Use in Specific Populations, General ....................................................................................................................26 
9.1 Women ..................................................................................................................................................................26 
9.2 Pediatric Use .........................................................................................................................................................26 
10. STUDY ADMINISTRATION ..................................................................................................................................26 
10.1 Quality Assurance / Quality Control ..................................................................................................................26 
10.1.1  Direct Access To Source Data And Documents .............................................................................................26 
10.1.2  Study Monitoring ..........................................................................................................................................27 
10.1.3  Audit and Inspection .....................................................................................................................................27 
10.1.4  Confidentiality of Patient Data ......................................................................................................................27 
10.2 Data Handling and Record Keeping ..................................................................................................................28 
10.2.1  Case Report Forms........................................................................................................................................28 
10.2.2  Study Records Retention ...............................................................................................................................28 
10.3 Termination of the Study ...................................................................................................................................29 
10.4 Study Report and Publications...........................................................................................................................29 
11. DRUG SUPPLY .......................................................................................................................................................30 
11.1 Drug Production and Compounding ..................................................................................................................30 
11.2  Packaging and Labeling ....................................................................................................................................30 
11.3  Conditions for Storage and Use .........................................................................................................................31 
13. 
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................30 
 


 
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a. INDEX OF ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS  
ACR  
American College of Radiology 
AE 
 
Adverse Effect 
ANDA  
Abbreviated New Drug Application (FDA submission for approval of generic drugs) 
CCI 
 
Cancer Care Institute (Affiliate of Illinois Health & Science) 
CFR 
 
Code of Federal Regulations (Legal requirements administered by the FDA) 
cGMP  
Current Good Manufacturing Practices 
 
CRF 
 
Case Report Forms (Patient study records captured in the study database) 
CT 
 
Computed Tomography (Imaging system) 
DMH  
Decatur Memorial Hospital (Affiliate of Illinois Health & Science) 
ECOG  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (Cancer rating system) 
FDA  
Food and Drug Administration 
FWA  
Federal Wide Assurance 
IC 
 
Informed Consent 
IND 
 
Investigatory New Drug (Application for a clinical trial of an unapproved drug) 
IRB 
 
Institutional Review Board 
MR 
 
Magnetic Resonance (Imaging system) 
NCCN  
National Comprehensive Cancer Network 
PET 
 
Positron Emission Tomography (Imaging system) 
PSA 
 
Prostate-Specific Antigen (Prostate cancer blood test) 
SAE 
 
Severe Adverse Effect 
SPECT 
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (Imaging system) 
Tc 
 
Technetium (radioactive isotope used as an imaging drug product) 
USP-NF 
United States Pharmacopeia – National Formulary 


 
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1. INTRODUCTION 
 
1.1 Prostate Cancer 
 
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men, and the second leading 
cause of cancer death.  Statisticians at the National Cancer Institute estimate that there will be 233,000 
new 
cases 
of 
prostate 
cancer 
and 
29,480 
deaths 
from 
prostate 
cancer 
in 
2014 
(seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html).  Since the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test became 
commercially available in 1985, most prostate cancers have been discovered through PSA screening.  
Widespread PSA screening for prostate cancer has resulted in a migration to a lower stage of prostate 
cancer.  For example, rates of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis have declined from 20% in the 1970s 
and 1980s to less than 4% today.  Imaging to detect the presence and location of metastatic prostate 
cancer has historically relied on the 99mTc-MDP bone scan and cross-sectional imaging with a CT scan 
or MRI. In addition to imaging studies, nomograms based on clinical T stage, PSA level, PSA kinetics, 
Gleason grade, and volume of cancer in biopsy specimens are used to predict the risk of metastasis 
(Stephenson AJ, Sacrdino, PT, Eastham, JA et al., 2006).  More recently, positron emission tomography 
(PET) using radiopharmaceuticals such as 11C-choline and 11C-acetate has improved detection of 
metastatic prostate cancer.   
 
1.2 Prostate Cancer Imaging 
 
1.2.1 Relapsed Prostate Cancer 
 
A rising PSA occurs in approximately 20 to 40% of patients within 10 years of definitive 
treatment of prostate cancer and is known as a biochemical relapse.  A biochemical relapse of prostate 
cancer usually precedes evidence of relapse using conventional imaging.  The definition of biochemical 
relapse after radical prostatectomy is a PSA of 0.2 ng/mL confirmed at that level or a higher level on a 
subsequent PSA test 3 months later (Cookson MS, Aus G, Burnett AL, et al, 2007).  The definition of 
biochemical relapse after radiation therapy is a PSA level 2 ng/mL above the nadir level after treatment 
(Roach M, Hanks GE, Thames H, et al, 2006).  PSA kinetics, most commonly the PSA doubling time; 
the initial stage and grade of prostate cancer; and time from treatment to biochemical relapse can be used 
to predict localized versus metastatic cancer states.  However, early identification on imaging studies of 
relapsed prostate cancer is essential in treatment planning.  Results of studies using 11C-choline PET/CT 
and 11C-acetate PET/CT have shown high sensitivity and specificity at low PSA levels in men with 
biochemical relapse after primary treatment for prostate cancer. 
 
Two early studies have shown that 11C-acetate PET is more sensitive than 18F-FDG PET in 
detection of relapsed prostate cancer (Oyama N, Akino H, Kanamaru H, et al, 2002; Fricke E, Machtens 
S, Hofmann M, et al, 2003).  In a study 11C-choline PET/CT in 41 patients with biochemical relapse after 
radical prostatectomy sensitivity was 89% with PSA levels < 2.5 ng/mL (Rinnab L, Simon J, Hautmann 


 
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RE, et al, 2009).  In a larger study of 190 patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy, 
11C-choline PET/CT detection of prostate cancer was correlated with the PSA level (known as the trigger 
PSA) and with PSA kinetics.  Trigger PSA levels were significantly different between PET-positive and 
PET-negative patients (P=0.0001), and ROC analysis showed an optimal trigger PSA cutoff value of 
2.43 ng/mL.  Using multivariable analysis, trigger PSA and PSA velocity were independent prediction 
factors for a positive PET, whereas PSA doubling time was an independent factor for a positive PET 
scan only in patients with a trigger PSA < 2.0 ng/mL.  An important finding of this study was that 
Gleason grade, pathologic tumor stage and lymph node status, and time from radical prostatectomy to 
biochemical relapse were not independent prediction factors for a positive PET (Castellucci, P, Fuccio 
C, Nanni C, et al, 2009).  
 
In a retrospective review reported by the Mayo Clinic, 176 patients with biochemical relapse of 
prostate cancer after primary treatment underwent 11C-choline PET/CT imaging.  Lesions were identified 
in 32% of the patients by 11C-choline PET/CT which were not detected by conventional imaging. 
Investigators reported an optimal trigger PSA level 2.0 ng/mL.  In this study, a true positive scan was 
confirmed by pathology of targeted biopsies or of surgical specimens (41.4%), or by conventional 
imaging. Performance characteristics were sensitivity 93%, specificity 76%, positive predictive value 
91% and negative predictive value 81%.  This study was limited by the retrospective nature of the data 
collection and the investigators recognized that prospective studies are needed to compare 11C-choline 
PET to conventional imaging with bone scan, CT and pelvic MRI (Mitchell, C, Lowe V, Rangel L, et 
al, 2013). 
 
The choline analog tracer 18F-FCH has been studied in patients with biochemical relapse of 
prostate cancer with less favorable results than 11C-choline.  In a study of 100 patients with biochemical 
relapse, 89% of patients with trigger PSA < 4 ng/mL were PET negative (Cimitan M, Bortolus R, 
Morassut S, et al, 2006).  In a subsequent study using 18F-FCH in 56 patients with biochemical relapse 
after radical prostatectomy, sensitivity was 44% when the trigger PSA ranged from 1 to 4 ng/mL (Pelosi 
E, Arena V, Skanjeti A, et al, 2008).  
 
As 11C-choline has emerged as a favorable diagnostic agent in patients with prostate cancer 
relapse, studies have been initiated to determine the best imaging modality.  11C-choline PET/CT was 
compared with 11C-choline PET/MRI in 31 with biochemical relapse.  The detection rate for localized 
relapse was higher and more conclusive for PET/MR which detected 17 regions in 12 patients 
compared to PET/CT which detected 12 regions in 8 patients.  Similar improvements of using MR 
were also found in detection of lymph node metastases and bone metastases (Eiber M., Souvatzoglou 
M., Maurer T., et al, 2013).   
 
 
 


 
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1.3 Rationale for Study 
 
Studies of molecular imaging in patients with prostate cancer have shown the following: 
1. 11C-choline, 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH), and 11C-acetate have shown greater accuracy in 
prostate cancer staging than conventional imaging or 18F-FDG PET.  
2. 11C-choline PET and whole body MRI are complementary, and when combined have the 
highest sensitivity and specificity in detection of prostate cancer metastasis.  
3. 11C-choline has the highest sensitivity at low PSA levels for detection of prostate cancer in 
men who have a biochemical relapse after primary treatment.   
4. 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI are complementary and show the highest sensitivity and 
specificity in detection of lymph node metastasis when combined. 
In patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment, early localization 
of cancer with molecular imaging using 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI can lead to improved 
treatment planning with observation, local-regional therapy, or with systemic therapy.  Molecular 
imaging using PET drug products and PET imaging techniques have the potential to change the paradigm 
for treating men with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy.  In a study of 72 men with 
biochemical relapse and 11C-choline PET/CT positive lymph node metastasis, salvage lymphadenectomy 
resulted in a 5-year relapse-free survival of 35% and cancer-specific survival of 75% (Rigatti P, Suardi 
N, Briganti, A, et al, 2011).  Response to treatment can be monitored with PET molecular imaging as 
well as with PSA, which may lead to earlier additional therapy. 
 
In March 2013, the FDA approved the New Drug Application (NDA) of the Mayo Clinic in 
Rochester, MN, for the use of 11C-choline as a radiopharmaceutical agent for PET imaging of patients 
with suspected prostate cancer relapse. 11C-choline has a half-life of 20 minutes, which limits the 
distribution of the product to Rochester, MN, and the surrounding area.  As a result, this diagnostic agent 
and its associated benefits have limited availability to patients.  
The key objective of this study is to provide expanded access to this drug product as currently 
defined under the reference listed drug label as an investigational drug in geographical service areas 
where 11C-choline is not available.  Under the current label, 11C-choline is approved for use in 
conjunction with both CT and MR imaging modalities.  However, sufficient data does not exist to 
determine which modality is most efficacious and under what conditions.  It is the intention of the study 
sponsor to image each patient using GE’s Trimodality Imaging System that combines PET, CT, and MR 
techniques to provide PET/CT and PET/MR fused images.  As a result, the patient will benefit from the 
most useful and deterministic imaging information. 
 


 
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2. STUDY OBJECTIVES 
 
Based on these rationales, this clinical trial will address the following objectives: 
 
A. Provide expanded access the drug 11C-choline. 
B. Determine the performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, 
negative predictive value) of 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI in the detection of metastatic 
prostate cancer in patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment 
in a prospective manner.   
C. Determine the optimal PSA trigger value in 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI positive 
patients through a prospective study. 
D. Determine factors that predict a confirmed positive 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI using 
a multivariable analysis of clinical and pathologic data collected prospectively. 
E. Compare the individual performance characteristics of 11C-choline PET/CT and 11C-choline 
PET/MRI and the combination of 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI 
3. ETHICS 
 
3.1 Institutional Review Board 
 
 
An Investigational Review Board (IRB) will assess and approve the Investigatory New Drug 
(IND) application.  This will include approval of the IND Protocol, Investigator’s Brochure, and the 
Informed Consent.  The Principal Investigator and Sponsor will provide the IRB with appropriate reports 
on the progress of the study, including safety updates, in accordance with applicable FDA regulations 
and in agreement with policy defined by sponsor and as outlined in this protocol.  All amendments to 
the study will be sent to the IRB for information (minor amendment) or for approval (major amendment) 
before implementation of the study amendments.   
 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital (DMH) and the Cancer Care Institute (CCI, an affiliate of DMH) are 
both located in Decatur, Illinois.  The Decatur Memorial Hospital Institutional Review Board (DMH 
IRB) will be involved in all aspects of study planning and considerations as per 21 CFR part 56.  The 
DMH IRB is covered under Decatur Memorial Hospital’s Federal Wide Assurance (FWA) # of 
00006097.  The DMH IRB reviews research projects which involve human participants to ensure that 
two broad standards are upheld: first, that participants are not placed at undue risk; second, that they give 
un-coerced, informed consent to their participation.   
 
 


 
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3.2 Ethical Conduct of Study 
 
 
The study shall be performed in accordance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability 
Act (HIPAA) regulations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) 
regulations as defined within the Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR parts 50, 56,  
and 312 and clinical safety data management (E2A) regulations.  The Principal Investigator / Sponsor 
shall provide the IRB with all relevant material, including copies of the IND protocol, Informed Consent, 
Investigator’s Brochure and any subject information or advertising materials.  The study shall not be 
initiated until the IRB provides written approval of the protocol and the informed consent.   
 
 
Each study subject shall be required to provide written authorization that their patient information 
can be disclosed and used by the Principal Investigator and other researchers as well as the Sponsor for 
the purposes of assessing the efficacy of the study drug and imaging protocol.   
 
3.3 Patient Information and Informed Consent 
 
 
In compliance with the requirements set forth by the FDA in 21 CFR Part 50, a properly written 
and executed Informed Consent shall be obtained from each study subject prior to enrollment and initial 
screening evaluations required by this protocol.  The IC has been reviewed by the Sponsor for 
acceptability and shall be presented by the Principal Investigator, together with the IND protocol and 
Investigator’s Brochure, to the IRB for review and approval prior to the start of the study.  The IC shall 
be written in such a way as to be fully comprehensible by the prospective study participant.   
 
 
The Informed Consent shall be revised in the event new information becomes available during 
the study that may be relevant to the subject.  Any revision shall be submitted to the IRB for review and 
approval before use.   
 
 
It is the Principal Investigator’s responsibility to obtain a properly written and executed Informed 
Consent from the study subject only after there has been an adequate explanation of the goals, methods, 
anticipated benefits and potential hazards of the study.  The subject shall be given ample time to inquire 
about details of the study and decide whether to participate in the study.  The IRB-approved IC shall be 
signed and dated by the subject and by the person conducting the informed consent discussion.  A copy 
of the properly executed IC shall be provided to the study subject.  The original signed informed consent 
shall be kept in a confidential location on site.   
 
 
 


 
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4. STUDY PATIENTS 
 
4.1 Patient Study Population 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital (DMH), a not-for-profit division of Illinois Health & Science, will 
be the site designated for imaging the study subjects and evaluating the 11C-choline PET/CT and 
PET/MR imaging data.  Patients will be referred from within the institution as well as from outside 
treatment organizations.  Urology, radiation oncology and medical oncology practices within an 
approximately 300 mile radius of the DMH imaging center will be contacted for enrollment of patients 
into this study.  As such, this study will encompass patients being served in major cities, such as Chicago, 
St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville and Indianapolis who would otherwise have to seek 11C-choline PET 
imaging at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN.  In the event that patients outside of the recruitment area 
wish to enroll in the clinical trial, they will also be considered.  A primary source for patients will also 
be from The Cancer Care Institute, also a not-for-profit division of Illinois Health & Science.  This phase 
III study is planned to provide expanded access to as many patients who elect to participate in the study 
that are over the age 18 and have experienced a biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary 
treatment.  
4.1.1  Inclusion Criteria 
 
Patients must meet all of the following criteria: 
1. For biochemical relapse after primary treatment  
a. 
PSA > 0.2 ng/ml after radical prostatectomy confirmed at that level or higher 
on a subsequent test 3 months later 
b. 
PSA increase >2 ng/ml from nadir following radiation therapy 
c. 
PSA increase >2 ng/ml from nadir following radiation therapy plus androgen 
deprivation therapy with nadir defined with normalized testosterone level 
d. 
Two consecutive PSA increases from nadir level after androgen blockade or 
androgen suppression therapy 
2. Kidney function with GFR > 60 mL/sec/1.73m2  and Creatinine < 1.7 mg, collected within 
90 days of planned scan 
a. if GFR is > or equal to 60 mL/sec/1.73m², PET/CT will be completed with 
contrast 
b. if GFR is < 60 mL/sec/1.73m², PET/CT will be completed without contrast 
c. if Creatinine is > than 1.7 mg, Radiology will follow ACR recommendations as 
outlined in department policy 
3. No known allergy to iodinated radiologic contrast media  
4. Able to have MRI based on screening evaluation 


 
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if patient is found to be MRI incompatible, the 11C-choline PET/MRI portion of the 
study will not be completed.  These patients will not be included in the comparison 
data, but will have access to 11C-choline PET/CT scan. 
5. ECOG Performance Status of 0, 1, or 2 
4.1.2  Exclusion Criteria 
 
Patients will be excluded if any of the following criteria are met: 
1. ECOG Performance Status > 2. 
2. Concurrent malignancy, i.e. colon cancer. 
3. Treatment for another malignancy except superficial skin cancer within 5 years 
 
4.2  Subject Withdrawal And Replacement 
4.2.1  Criteria For Subject Withdrawal 
 
Subject participation may be withdrawn / discontinued for the following reasons (but not 
limited to): 
1. Patient request for any reason to discontinue participation within the clinical trial. 
2. Patient non-compliance with the accepted protocol. 
3. Suspension or discontinuation of the clinical trial by the Sponsor, Zevacor Molecular.   
4.2.2 Procedures for Subject Withdrawal 
 
 
Study patients who decide to discontinue the protocol and withdraw from the clinical trial will 
be seen and assessed by an Investigator.  The reason(s) for the withdrawal and the date of the 
withdrawal will be documented in the study records for the patient. 
 
 
If death is the reason for the withdrawal from the clinical trial, there are two options for 
categorizing as such: 1) progressive disease, or 2) a Serious Adverse Event (SAE).  Although more 
than one SAE may be documented as reason for withdrawal, only one SAE will be documented as the 
cause of death.   
 
 
At withdrawal, all on-going study-related AEs and SAEs must be followed until resolution, 
unless in the Investigator’s opinion the condition is unlikely to be resolved due to the patient’s 
underlying disease.   
 
 
 
 


 
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5. INVESTIGATIONAL PLAN 
5.1 Study Protocol 
 
1. The study will consist of patients who have a biochemical relapse or other evidence of relapse 
after primary treatment.  This study group will consist of patients who have been treated with 
radiation therapy, or androgen suppression and radiation therapy who have a PSA > 2 ng/mL 
higher than the nadir level.  The nadir level in patients who have been treated with androgen 
suppression and radiation therapy is determined after the serum testosterone level has 
normalized.  This study group will also consist of patients who have been treated with radical 
prostatectomy and who have a biochemical relapse defined as a PSA of 0.2 ng/mL confirmed at 
that level or higher on a subsequent PSA test 3 months later.  This group may consist of men 
who have other clinical evidence of relapse such as a suspicious bone scan or CT scan 
regardless of PSA kinetics. Patients identified as potential subjects will be screened against the 
eligibility criteria as defined above in Section 4.1.   
 
2. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants before any study related procedures are 
conducted.  Each participant will be informed about the nature of the study, its purpose, and 
possible risks.  Informed consent will be documented by using the written informed consent 
document approved by the local IRB at the Decatur Memorial Hospital.  
 
3. At the time of referral, patients will be asked to bring their prior records as it pertains to their 
prostate cancer history.  Data collected from outside records, such as radiographic studies, 
previous imaging studies and biopsies will be incorporated into the study record. 
 
4. Abstracted data for the study record will include: 
a. 
Patient demographics such as age, race, and family history of prostate cancer 
b. 
Risk factors such as finasteride or dutasteride use, and environmental 
exposure 
 
(eg. Agent orange)  
b. 
Prostate exam results, most recent within last 90 days 
c. 
PSA test results, most current and past 
d. 
Past medical and surgical history 
e. 
Current medications 
f. 
Allergies 
g. 
Pathology reports 
h. 
Imaging reports 
i. 
Date of diagnosis 
j. 
Date(s) of biochemical relapse and coordinating PSA results 


 
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Once all records have been assessed for eligibility, an order for the 11C-choline PET CT scan and 
MRI scan will be requested from the referring physician and patient will be scheduled and given 
the appropriate prep instructions. 
 
5. Patients entered into the study will undergo a 11C-choline PET CT scan and MRI scan.  The CT 
scan will be performed with intravenous contrast unless deemed unsafe by lab values.  The CT 
and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer. The 11C-choline 
PET CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer.  
Unequivocal evidence of metastasis on both conventional imaging and 11C-choline PET will be 
considered a true positive. Evidence of metastasis on conventional imaging or 11C-choline PET 
will be confirmed with biopsy or surgical pathology when possible, or by response to treatment 
on subsequent imaging.  If confirmation of metastasis is not achievable by biopsy or surgical 
pathology, then confirmation will be achieved with 11C-choline PET CT and MRI images 
obtained 3 months after treatment conclusion. Rates of confirmed metastasis between 
conventional CT and MRI images will be compared with the 11C-choline PET CT and MRI 
images.  
 
6. Upon conclusion of each imaging protocol, the referring physician will receive written 
documentation of the results. At this time, the patient will be considered off study and no further 
follow up is required. 
 
5.2  Imaging Protocols - 11C Choline PET/CT/MRI 
 
1. 11C choline PET/CT Imaging Protocol: 
• Patient should hydrate with 16 ounces of water prior to the imaging study 
• Fasting is required for at least 6 hours 
• Void prior to study 
• 15 - 20 mCi 11C-choline IV Injection 
• 5 min delay after injection. 
• PET images skull base to mid thigh with 3 min per bed position 
• Image acquisition order changed due to bladder filling 
 If CT before MRI, then images obtained top to bottom 
 If MRI before CT, then images obtained bottom to top 
• CT skull base to mid thigh for attenuation correction 
• Use of IV contrast, if applicable, based on ACR IV contrast guidelines renal function 
screening protocol 
• Slice thickness 2.5, kvp 120, mA 100, exposure time 500, 80 - 100 cc contrast 
• Fusion of PET and CT images 


 
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2. MRI whole body imaging protocol:   
• No IV contrast 
• High resolution axial T2 prostate bed, axial DWI pelvis, coronal T2 skull base to mid 
thighs 
• Fusion of coronal and PET images 
 
5.3 Imaging Technology  
 
The imaging studies referenced above will be conducted as defined in Section 5.2 above.  The 
CT and MR studies must be performed as one continuous procedure using the GE Trimodality PET 
Imaging System.  This will required the patient to be immobile for approximately 60 minutes as each 
imaging study is executed.   
 
The GE Trimodality PET Imaging System consists of the following integrated equipment: GE 
Discovery PET/CT 7.0 Imaging System, a GE Discovery MR750w 3.0T Imaging System, and the Lateral 
Docking Trimodality Patient Transporter.  This system will allow for the combined imaging of PET, CT, 
and MR modalities in one integrated session using the Lateral Docking Transporter to ensure image 
synchronization between the modalities.   
 
5.4  Imaging Review and Interpretations  
 
5.4.1 Image Review 
 
 
There will be two aspects to the evaluation, interpretation and use of the imaging data that is 
produced as part of this study.  First, the information will be used immediately by the primary treatment 
physician to best assess the patient’s status and select a therapy regimen.  Second, at the end of the study, 
all of the patient data will be gathered for a comprehensive review which will proceed as follows: 
 
1. Each patient will be assigned a research participant number at the time of consent. 
2. This participant number will be substituted for all patient identifying information, where 
possible.   
3. Any remaining patient identification information will be scrubbed from the patient files.   
4. The patient identifier key will be stored on a password protected computer at DMH. 
5. Access to this identifier key will be restricted from any of the data reviewers. 
6. Scrubbed patient images with the identifier will be saved to a compact disc for radiologist 
review.   
7. Studies will be presented in a random order for analysis. 
 


 
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8. The imaging studies will be interpreted by board certified radiologists:  
a. Dr. M. Muscato 
b. Dr. J. Locke 
c. Dr. A. Zorn 
9. Worksheets will be saved in a locked cabinet at DMH.  The worksheets will be scanned and 
added to the secure computer study database. 
10. The imaging reviews will be compared to the histological data or post-treatment imaging data 
for statistical analysis.   
 
5.4.2 Image Assessment Criteria 
 
The following image criteria will be documented with each patient study utilizing the worksheets 
included as attachments in appendix A3.0. 
 
• Lesion considered positive if there is focal uptake greater than background. 
• Faint uptake within inguinal nodes considered normal. 
• Retroperitoneal lymph nodes >1 cm in short axis diameter considered positive. 
• Record CT abdomen and pelvis as follows: 
1. Report mass within prostate or prostate bed 
2. Report retroperitoneal lymph nodes with >1 cm short-axis measurement 
3. Report bone metastases 
4. Report any other metastatic disease (liver, lung, etc) 
• Record PET/CT as follows: 
1. Study quality (adequate, non-diagnostic) 
2. Positive lymph nodes. 
▪ Pelvic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes >1 cm. 
▪ Radiotracer uptake in lymph node any size 
3. Bone metastases 
▪ Radiotracer uptake 
▪ CT abnormality 
4. Other metastatic disease (liver, lung, etc.) 
▪ Radiotracer uptake 
▪ CT abnormality 
5. Confidence of diagnosis: 3 – 1 
(Rating: 3 – Definitely Present, 2 – Probably Present, 1 – Equivocal) 
• Record PET/MRI: 
1. Study quality (adequate, non-diagnostic) 
2. Positive lymph nodes. 


 
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▪ Retroperitoneal lymph nodes >1 cm. 
▪ Radiotracer uptake any size lymph node 
▪ DWI positive 
3. Bone metastases 
▪ Radiotracer uptake 
▪ T2 or DWI positive 
4. Other metastatic disease (liver, lung, etc.) 
▪ Radiotracer uptake 
▪ T2 or DWI positive 
5. Confidence of diagnosis: 3 – 1 
(Rating: 3 – Definitely Present, 2 – Probably Present, 1 – Equivocal) 
 
5.5  Study Data – Statistical Analysis 
 
• Sample Size: 
 
This study is designed to compare fused 11C-choline PET/CT and MRI scans against a standard 
CT scan and MRI scan.  Based on the literature, the group detection rates are approximately 50%. In this 
study a 20 percentage point increase (eg: from 15 – 35 percent) in detection rate is the desired goal.  The 
study is a paired design, in that each procedure will be performed on each individual. The important 
performance characteristics of these tests, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, 
and negative predictive value will be examined within this study. A sample size estimate was derived 
using a p-value of 0.05, a power of 80 %, and a paired chi square test for proportions. It was further 
assumed that the false positive rate is about 4 % and the false negative rate is about 20 %, which are 
similar to the literature. This would indicate approximately 66 pairs of data. To compare, an independent 
chi square test would indicate about 71 subjects per group for a comparable 20 point change. Increasing 
the sample size by 10 percent, for attrition, would increase the number of paired samples to about 73. 
Increasing the number of pairs to 100 will provide some flexibility on the false positive and false negative 
rates.   
 
While more than 100 patients may be admitted into the study under expanded access, for the 
purposes of the comparison study and resulting data analysis, only the first 100 qualified patients will be 
admitted into the study and included in the study data.   
 
• Data Analysis: 
 
1. True positives will consist of evidence of metastatic prostate cancer on conventional CT or 
MRI images or on 11C-choline PET/CT or MRI images confirmed with biopsy, surgical 


 
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pathology, or by response to treatment with androgen suppression or other medical or 
radiation therapy. 
2. True negatives will consist of negative images. 
3. False positive will consist of evidence of metastatic prostate cancer on conventional CT or 
MRI images or on 11C-choline PET/CT or MRI images, but without corresponding 
confirmation from biopsy, surgical pathology or response to treatment.  
4. False negative will consist of negative images, but with positive biopsy, surgical pathology 
or a response to treatment.  
5. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CT and MRI and of 11C-choline PET/CT and MRI 
will be calculated 
6. Performance characteristics between 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI will be compared. 
7. The optimal PSA trigger value in 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI positive patients will 
be calculated. 
8. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors that predict a positive 11C-choline PET/CT or 
PET/MRI will be determined through a multivariable analysis.  
 
5.6     Publishing the Study Data 
Upon completion of the clinical study, it is the intention of the Investigators and Study Sponsor 
to report the performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative 
predictive value) of 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI in the detection of metastatic prostate cancer in 
patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment in a prospective manner and 
compare to the performance characteristics with those of conventional imaging. We will also report the 
performance characteristics of 11C-choline PET/CT compared to 11C-choline PET/MRI and the 
combination of 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI. Finally, we will report the demographic, clinical, 
and pathologic factors that predict a positive 11C-choline PET/CT or PET/MRI in the two study groups.  
6.0 CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 
 
6.1 Contraindications 
 
None 
 
6.2 Warnings and Precautions 
 
• Imaging errors have been reported during previous clinical studies with 11C-choline PET and 
PET/CT imaging.  A negative image does not rule out the presence of recurrent prostate cancer and 
a positive image does not confirm the presence of recurrent cancer.  11C-choline uptake is not specific 


 
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for prostate cancer and may occur with other types of cancer, such as lung carcinoma and brain 
tumors. 
 
• Blood PSA levels < 2 ng/mL have been associated with poor performance 11C-choline PET imaging, 
with indications of higher numbers of false positive and false negative results. 
 
• Tissue inflammation as well as prostatic hyperplasia have been associated with false positive 11C-
choline PET images. 
 
• Concomitant colchicine or androgen-deprivation therapeutic drugs, such as luteinizing hormone-
releasing analogs and anti-androgen drugs, may interfere with 11C-choline PET imaging.  One 
published report of 18F methylcholine PET imaging indicated that discontinuation of colchicine for 
two weeks resolved the colchicine effect.  The impact of discontinuation of androgen-deprivations 
therapy upon 11C-choline PET imaging has not been established.   
 
6.3 Limitation of Use 
 
11C-choline PET imaging is NOT a replacement for histologic verification of relapsed prostate 
cancer. 
 
7. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY 
 
7.1 Radiation Safety – Drug Handling 
 
11C-choline is a radioactive drug and will be handled with appropriate safety measures to 
minimize radiation exposure during administration.  The use of waterproof gloves and effective shielding 
when handling 11C-choline will be required.  Radiopharmaceuticals, such as 11C-choline will only be 
used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the 
safe use and handling of radioactive materials, and whose experience and training have been approved 
by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.   
 
11C-choline will be delivered to a Certified Nuclear Medicine Technician (CNMT) or 
equivalently qualified personnel in individual, single dose syringes contained within a NRC/DOT 
approved syringe shield specifically designed for minimizing radiation exposure during handling.  The 
safe handling of Radioactive Material will be as defined within the Sponsors’ radioactive material license 
issued by the Illinois Energy Management Agency (IEMA), the state nuclear regulatory agency 
responsible for radioactive material within the State of Illinois.   
 


 
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7.2 Radiation Risks – Patients 
 
11C-choline contributes to a patient’s overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure.  Long-
term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer.  Safe handling should 
be ensured to minimize radiation exposure to the patient.   
 
7.3 Indications and Usage 
 
11C-choline is a radioactive diagnostic agent initially approved for use by the U.S. Food & Drug 
Administration in 2012 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of patients with suspected 
prostate cancer relapse and non-informative bone scintigraphy computed tomography.  It is dispensed 
and administered under the reference listed drug (RLD) label: 233155.  For the purposes of this study, 
11C-choline will be produced, dispensed and administered according to the prescribing information as 
detailed in the approved drug labeling.   
 
7.4 Patient Safety Evaluations 
 
           Patient safety will be evaluated prior to participation in the study and before execution of each of 
the imaging protocols by screening process.  
 
7.5 Safety Review 
 
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) will review the protocol of this study for safety and 
effectiveness prior to its implementation.  The IRB will convene to approve the Clinical Protocol as 
defined in this document as well as the Informed Consent, as defined in the U.S. Code of Federal 
Regulations, 21 CFR 50 and 56.  The IRB will also meet on an as needed basis to examine any potential 
safety issues and the overall conduct of the trial. 
8.0 ADVERSE REACTIONS 
 
8.1 Adverse Reactions, General 
 
Exclusive of an uncommon, mild injection site reaction, no adverse reactions to 11C-choline have 
been reported.   
 
8.2 Allergic Reactions 
 
            As with any injectable drug product, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis may occur.  Emergency 


 
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resuscitation equipment and personnel will be immediately available during and within a reasonable time 
soon after the imaging procedures defined in the clinical protocol.   
 
8.3 IND Safety Reporting Requirements 
 
8.3.1 21 CFR 312 
 
The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, section 21 CFR 312, defines the conditions within which 
Adverse Events (AE) and Severe Adverse Events (SAE) are reported to the FDA.  For the purposes of 
this study, the sponsor will be responsible for reporting AEs and SAEs to the FDA as defined by these 
regulations.   
 
8.3.2 Adverse Events 
 
Adverse Event means any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans, whether or not considered drug related. 
 
An adverse event, also referred to as an adverse experience, can be any unfavorable and 
unintended sign (e.g., an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with 
the use of a drug, and does not imply any judgment about causality.  
 
An adverse event may be any of the following: 
 
1. A new illness 
2. An exacerbation or a sign or symptom of the underlying condition under treatment or of a 
concomitant illness 
3. Unrelated to participation in the clinical study or an effect of the study radiopharmaceutical 
or comparator drug 
4. A combination of 1 or more of the above factors 
An exacerbation of a pre-existing condition/illness is defined as a more frequent occurrence or 
as an increase in the severity of the pre-existing condition/illness during the study.  Planned or elective 
surgical procedures for pre-existing conditions that have not worsened are not AEs. However, any 
complication that occurs during planned or elective surgery is an AE. Conditions leading to unplanned 
surgical procedures may be AEs.  
 


 
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The period of observation for collection of (treatment-emergent) AEs extends from the time the 
subject takes the first dose of study radiopharmaceutical until their exit from the study.  The patient will 
be called within 24 hours after the protocol scan to assess any AEs and SAEs. 
 
In the event of an adverse event, the Investigator is required to file an Adverse Event Report    
using the AE Report Form to the sponsor within a reasonable period of time, but no later than 3 days 
after the event has been recognized by the Investigator.  The Sponsor contact information for reporting 
AEs is listed in section 8.3.7 below.   
8.3.3 Suspected Adverse Reactions 
 
Suspected Adverse Reaction means any adverse event for which there is a reasonable possibility 
that the drug caused the adverse event. For the purposes of IND safety reporting, ‘reasonable possibility’ 
means there is evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event. A 
suspected adverse reaction implies a lesser degree of certainty about causality than adverse reaction, 
which means any adverse event caused by a drug. 
 
It is the responsibility of the Sponsor to determine whether the Adverse Event should be classified 
as a Suspected Adverse Reaction.   
8.3.4 Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) 
 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered “serious” if, in the view of either 
the investigator or sponsor, it results in any of the following outcomes:  
• Death  
• a life-threatening adverse event 
• inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization 
• a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal 
life functions 
• a congenital anomaly/birth defect 
 
Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require 
hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may 
jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the 
outcomes listed in this definition.  Examples of such medical events include allergic bronchospasm 
requiring intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home, blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do 
not result in inpatient hospitalization, or the development of drug dependency or drug abuse. 
 


 
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In the event of an SAE, the Investigator is required to file an Adverse Event Report using the AE 
Report Form to the sponsor within 24 hours of the Investigator’s recognition of the SAE.  The Sponsor 
contact information for reporting AEs is listed in section 8.3.7 below.   
 
8.3.5 Unexpected Adverse Events 
 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered “unexpected” if it is not listed in 
the investigator brochure or is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been observed. For example, 
under this definition, hepatic necrosis would be unexpected (by virtue of greater severity) if the 
investigator brochure referred only to elevated hepatic enzymes or hepatitis. Similarly, cerebral 
thromboembolism and cerebral vasculitis would be unexpected (by virtue of greater specificity) if the 
investigator brochure listed only cerebral vascular accidents. "Unexpected," as used in this definition, 
also refers to adverse events or suspected adverse reactions that are mentioned in the investigator 
brochure as occurring with a class of drugs or as anticipated from the pharmacological properties of the 
drug, but are not specifically mentioned as occurring with the particular drug under investigation. 
8.3.6 Submission of IND Safety Reports 
 
The sponsor must report in an IND safety report any suspected adverse reaction to study 
treatment (i.e., including active comparators) that is both serious and unexpected (21 CFR 
312.32(c)(1)(i)). Before submitting an IND safety report, the sponsor needs to ensure that the event meets 
all three of the definitions:  
 
• Suspected adverse reaction  
• Serious  
• Unexpected  
 
If the Sponsor concludes that there is a significant likelihood that the imaging drug caused the 
adverse event, an IND Safety Report will be submitted to the FDA.  In the event that the AE is found to 
be unexpected, fatal, or life-threatening, the sponsor is required to notify FDA and all participating 
investigators by fax or phone within 7 calendar days of the initial receipt of information.  A written IND 
safety report must follow within 15 calendar days.  All other AEs that are found to be causal to the 
imaging agent and are unexpected must be submitted in writing within 15 calendar days.   
 
Each participating Investigator is responsible for submitting the IND Safety Report to the 
Investigator’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) as per FDA regulations.   
 


 
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8.3.7 AE Reporting - Sponsor Contact Information 
 
Todd M. Hockemeyer 
Vice President – Regulatory Affairs 
Zevacor Molecular 
7715 Loma Court 
Fishers, Indiana 46038 
Phone: (317) 417-2860 
Fax: (866) 512-7795 
 
The Investigator will fax the initial AE Report Form to the Sponsor as required above. 
 
8.4 Patient Monitoring 
 
Patient subjects will be monitored throughout the imaging process during the administration of 
the imaging agents and immediately thereafter.  Patient subjects will be instructed to inform the study 
physician and/or study coordinator of any AEs that may occur at any time during the study after the 
injection of the imaging agents.  Patients will be contacted within 24 hours after the investigational scan 
to assess any AEs/SAEs.  They will also be contacted again when imaging report is finalized and sent to 
their treating physician. 
 
8.5 Investigator Responsibility 
 
The Investigator at the clinical center will completely and promptly record each adverse reaction. 
The Investigator should attempt, if possible, to establish a diagnosis based on the presenting signs and 
symptoms.  
 
Unless directed otherwise per responsibilities outlined elsewhere in this document, the 
Investigator is required to report all adverse events to the Sponsor within 30 days of determination of the 
AE.   
 
8.6 Follow Up 
 
All unresolved AEs, Suspected Adverse Reactions and/or Severe AEs, will be followed by the 
responsible Investigator until resolved, the patient is stabilized, or the patient is lost to follow-up.   
 
 


 
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9.0 STUDY PATIENTS  
 
9.1 Use in Specific Populations, General 
 
 
This Phase III clinical study will include only men who have a confirmed diagnosis of prostate 
cancer. 
 
9.1 Women 
 
Choline C11 Injection is not indicated for use in women.  Furthermore, there are no adequate and 
well controlled studies with Choline C11 Injection in pregnant women and the fetal radiation dose from 
a 11C-choline PET imaging study is unknown.  All radiopharmaceuticals, including Choline C11 
Injection, have the potential to cause fetal harm.  For the purposes of this clinical study allowing for 
expanded access to this diagnostic agent, female patients and/or pregnant women will not be allowed to 
participate. 
 
9.2 Pediatric Use 
 
The safety and effectiveness of Choline C11 Injection have not been established in pediatric 
patients.  For the purposes of this clinical study allowing for expanded access to this diagnostic agent, 
pediatric patients and/or patients under the age of 18 will not be allowed to participate. 
10. STUDY ADMINISTRATION 
 
10.1 Quality Assurance / Quality Control 
 
Steps to be taken to assure the accuracy and reliability of data include the selection of qualified 
Investigators and appropriate study centers, review of protocol procedures with the Investigator and 
associated personnel prior to study start, and periodic monitoring visits by the Sponsor (or designee). 
Case report forms will be reviewed for accuracy and completeness by the Sponsor during on-site 
monitoring visits, and any discrepancies will be resolved with the Investigator or designees, as 
appropriate. The data will be entered into the clinical trial database and verified for accuracy. 
10.1.1  Direct Access To Source Data And Documents 
 
Each Investigator participating in the study will permit trial-related monitoring, audits, IRB 
review, and regulatory inspections by providing direct access to source data and documents.  All data 
recorded during the study will be made available by the site for audit against source data and for all 
compliance with GCP and specific protocol requirements. 


 
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10.1.2  Study Monitoring 
 
All aspects of the study will be monitored by the Sponsor’s representative, which will use current 
GCPs and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for compliance with applicable government 
regulations.  During the conduct of the study, and thereafter until the final report has been completed, 
the Sponsor’s representative will visit each study site at regular intervals by prior arrangement with the 
Investigator.  In order to validate the data in the CRF, the Sponsor’s representative will be allowed direct 
access to the patients’ individual source medical records and the study master file.  The purpose of these 
visits is to discuss study progress; verify adherence to the protocol and the completeness, consistency 
and accuracy of the data entered into the CRFs (source data validation); resolve outstanding data 
discrepancies; and check on various aspects of the study progress (eg, radiopharmaceutical 
accountability, sample storage).  These individuals must have access to all records necessary to ensure 
integrity of the data and will periodically review the progress of the study with the Principal Investigator.  
Each Investigator is to cooperate in this endeavor and ensure that an problems and issues discovered 
during the course of these monitoring visits are resolved.  
10.1.3  Audit and Inspection 
 
All data recorded during the study will be made available by the site for audit against source data 
and for all compliance with GCP and specific protocol requirements. 
 
A database audit will be performed on the image readings and safety data to detect systematic 
and random errors. Any errors should be corrected, and, if the error rate is greater than 1 error per 100 
fields (1%), a systematic database review should be conducted and corrections made to achieve an error 
rate of <.5%. 
10.1.4  Confidentiality of Patient Data 
 
All information provided to each Investigator by the Sponsor, including preclinical data, 
protocols, CRFs, and verbal and written information, will be kept strictly confidential and confined to 
the clinical personnel involved in conducting the study.  It is recognized that this information may be 
relayed in confidence to the IRB.  In addition, no reports or information about the study or its progress 
will be provided to anyone not involved in the study, other than to the Sponsor, the Sponsor’s 
representative, the government agencies, or to the IRB, except as required by law. All data collection 
and data management will be in compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 
(HIPAA) regulations for (US sites). 
 
The assignment of numbers for patients’ identification is based on the desire for anonymity. 
Patients will be numbered in a manner specified by the Sponsor’s representative.  Patients will be 
identified to Sponsor representatives only by their assigned number, initials, and data of birth.  Each 


 
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Investigator, however, must maintain a list of all patient names and the above indicated identifying 
information for each patient that participates in the study at the Investigator’s center. 
 
10.2 Data Handling and Record Keeping 
10.2.1  Case Report Forms 
 
Adequate and accurate CRFs should be maintained and all relevant observations and data related 
to the study should be recorded. This should include patient demographic data such as age, race, and 
gender; medical history and physical examination; a checklist of inclusion and exclusion criteria; biopsy 
and/or histology results; clinical assessments from patient medical history; AEs; therapeutic treatments 
and results; and final interpretation and evaluation of imaging studies completed by the readers. The 
Monitor will review all CRFs and compare data to that contained in clinic notes and patients’ medical 
records to ensure they match. 
 
The CRF will be signed and dated by the Principal Investigator or designee after his/her review. 
In addition, source documents will be provided.  Each Investigator will be responsible for the timeliness, 
completeness, and accuracy of the CRFs and will make these forms available for thorough review by the 
Monitor at each scheduled monitoring visit. 
 
All instances of missing or incorrect data must be given the Investigator’s full attention. While it 
is recognized the certain tests may, on occasion, not be performed either through human error, lack of 
patient cooperation, or in the interest of good medical practice, these instances should be infrequent.   In 
the event they do become frequent, it is the binding legal responsibility of the Sponsor to consider these 
a protocol violation and to take appropriate corrective measures. 
10.2.2  Study Records Retention 
 
United States Federal Regulations require that following completion of a clinical study, a copy 
of all records pertaining to that study must be maintained by the investigational center for one of the 
following two time periods: 
 
• At least 2 years after the last approval of a marketing application in the ICH region (ie, United 
States, Europe, or Japan) and until there are no pending or contemplated marketing 
applications in an ICH region 
• At least 2 years after the investigation is discontinued and the FDA has been notified – in 
situations where no application is filed or if the application is not approved for such indication 


 
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The site will maintain a Clinical Study Document Binder, which will be maintained at the study 
site.  In this binder, there will be tabbed sections for study documents including the following: 
• FDA Form 1572 
• study personnel identification and signature list 
• study staff curricula vitae 
• patient screening records 
• patient roster identification numbers 
• IRB documentation 
• all approved versions of protocol and amendments or administrative changes 
• all approved versions of ICF 
• drug accountability records 
• correspondence and site monitoring reports 
• blank Case Review Forms (CRFs).   
 
The site must keep the binder current and available for review by the Sponsor, IRB, and/or FDA. 
 
10.3 Termination of the Study 
 
The Sponsor and the Investigator reserve the right to discontinue this study at any time.  If this 
should be necessary, the procedures will be arranged after review and consultation by both parties. In 
terminating the study, the Sponsor and the Investigator will assure that adequate consideration is given 
to the protection of the interests of all patients. The Investigator must notify the IRB/EC of study 
discontinuation, and the Sponsor or the Investigator must supply reason(s) for the termination or 
suspension, as specified by the applicable regulatory requirements. Otherwise, the study is considered 
terminated upon completion of all patient protocol-scheduled treatments and evaluations.  
 
10.4 Study Report and Publications 
 
Investigators in this study may communicate, orally present, or publish results from this clinical 
study in scientific journals or other scholarly venues if: 
 
• The overall results of the study have been publicly disclosed in an abstract, manuscript, or 
presentation form, or with the consent of the Sponsor 
• No confidential information will be contained in the presentation or publication 
The Investigator will submit any proposed publication or presentation to the Sponsor for review 
and comment at least 30 days prior to submission. 


 
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11. DRUG SUPPLY 
 
11.1 Drug Production and Compounding 
 
Zevacor Molecular (Zevacor) will be responsible for the production of the 11C-choline PET 
imaging drug product for use by imaging centers participating in the study.  Zevacor will ensure that the 
PET imaging drug is manufactured according to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and is 
suitable for human use.  Zevacor currently produces three PET imaging drug products approved for 
patient use under 21 CFR 212: Fludeoxyglucose F18 Injection, USP; Sodium Fluoride F18 Injection, 
USP; and Ammonia N13 Injection, USP.  Zevacor’s PET drug production facility co-located at the 
Decatur Memorial Hospital was subject to a complete 6 system inspection by the FDA in October, 2012, 
and received a positive report with no citations or warnings.  Since June 12, 2012, Zevacor Molecular 
has produced several hundred batches of these PET drug products representing several thousand doses.  
Each batch was 100% quality control tested for safety and effectiveness as per the compendium for each 
drug product under the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF), published dually as 
USP-NF.  During that time, Zevacor has produced every batch with 100% passing quality and has 
experienced no customer complaints or product recalls.   
 
Upon commencement of this clinical study, Zevacor will have already submitted an ANDA 
submission for Choline C11 Injection. This submission is being reviewed under ANDA 206319.  The 
facility, facility operators, and drug product will have been fully qualified according to cGMP and in 
accordance with the Reference Listed Drug currently manufactured by the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.  
The Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls (CMC) section of the ANDA, which is used to describe the 
chemistry, production methods, quality control protocols, adherence to cGMPs, and all qualifying data 
for the facility, operators, and product batches, is also provided within the IND application to the FDA.   
 
11.2  Packaging and Labeling 
 
Choline C11 Injection is packaged in a multi-dose glass vial (Final Product Container) containing 
between 148 MBq to 1225 MBq (4mCi to 33mCi) per milliliter of [11C] Choline at EOS calibration time 
in aqueous 0.9% sodium chloride solution (approximately 10 mL volume).   
 
The product label will contain the information as required by the FDA under 21 CFR 212, the 
Code of Federal Regulations relevant to PET drug production.   The dose will be dispensed and packaged 
from the Final Product Container by authorized nuclear pharmacists according to correct compounding 
procedures as defined in the U.S. Pharmacopeia, Chapter 797 and as licensed by the Illinois Board of 
Pharmacy and the Illinois Emergency Management Agency, Division of Nuclear Safety.   
 


 
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11.3  Conditions for Storage and Use 
 
Each vial containing Choline C11 Injection will be produced and stored at the Zevacor Molecular 
drug production facility.  The drug product shall be stored at 20 - 25°C; excursions permitted to 15 to 
30°C.  Choline C11 Injection will be provided in a single dose syringe ready for immediate use.  The 
drug product will expire within 60 minutes of the End of Synthesis (EOS) calibration. Imaging should 
be initiated immediately after administration of Choline C11 Injection with the acquisition of emission 
images 0 to 15 minutes from the time of injection. 
 
The drug product will be dispensed according to the patient doctor’s prescription under the 
direction of a Licensed Nuclear Pharmacist.  Choline C11 Injection will be aseptically withdrawn and 
administered from a single dose syringe, containing between 370 MBq – 740MBq or (10 mCi – 20 mCi) 
in aqueous 0.9% sodium chloride solution.  The effective radiation absorbed dose from 740 MBq (20 
mCi) dose of Choline C11 Injection is approximately 3.22 mSv (0.32 rem) in an adult. 
 
 


 
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13. REFERENCES 
 
1. seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html 
2. Stephenson AJ, Sacrdino, PT, Eastham, JA et al. Preoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year 
probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 
2006;98:715-17.  
3. Prostate Cancer Guidelines, Version 2.2013, 3/11/13 © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 
2013. 
4. Helyar V, Mohan HK, Barwick T, et al. The added value of multislice SPECT/CT in patients with 
equivocal bony metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 
2010;37:706-713. 
5. Grant FD, Fahey FH, Packard AB, et al. Skeletal PET with 18F-fluoride: applying new technology 
to an old tracer. J Nucl Med 2008;49:68-78. 
6. Akin O, and Hricak H. Imaging of prostate cancer. Radiol Clin North Am 2007;45:207-222. 
7. Bouchelouche K, Tagawa S, Goldsmith S, et al. PET/CT imaging and radioimmunotherapy of 
prostate cancer. Sem Nucl Med 2011;41:29-44. 
8. de Jong IJ, Pruim J, Elsinga PH, et al. Visualization of prostate cancer with 11C-choline positron 
emission tomography. Eur Urol 2002;42:18-23. 
9. Schiavina R, Scattoni V, Castellucci P, et al. 11C-choline positron emission tomography / 
computerized tomography for preoperative lymph node staging in intermediate risk and high risk 
prostate cancer: comparison with clinical staging nomograms. Eur Urol 2008;54:392-401.  
10. Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg AC, Rieger A, et al. Comparison of 11C-choline PET/CT with whole 
body-MRI for staging of prostate cancer. Nuklearmedizin 2007;46:161-168. 
11. Beheshti M, Imamovic L, Broinger G, et al. 18F choline PET/CT in the preoperative staging of 
prostate cancer in patients with intermediate or high risk of extracapsular disease: a prospective study 
of 130 patients. Radiology 2010;254:925-933. 
12. Poulsen MH, Bouchelouche K, Gerke O, et al. [18F]-fluorocholine positron-emission computed 
tomography for lymph node staging of patients with prostate cancer: preliminary results of a 
prospective study. BJU International 2010;106(5):639–643. 
13. Haseebuddin M, Dehdashti F, Siegel BA, et al. 11C-acetate PET/CT before radical prostatectomy: 
nodal staging and treatment failure prediction. J Nucl Med 2013;54:699-706. 
14. Kotzerke J, Volkmer BG, Glatting G, et al. Intraindividual comparison of [11C]acetate and 
[11C]choline PET for detection of metastases of prostate cancer. Nuklearmedizin 2003;42:25-30. 
15. Cookson MS, Aus G, Burnett AL, et al. Variation in the definition of recurrence in patients treated 
for localized prostate cancer: the American Urological Association prostate guidelines for localized 
prostate cancer update panel report and recommendations for a standard in the reporting of surgical 
outcomes. J Urol 2007;177:540-545. 


 
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16. Roach M, Hanks GE, Thames H, et al. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or 
without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the 
RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65:965-974. 
17. Oyama N, Akino H, Kanamaru H, et al. 11C-acetate PET imaging of prostate cancer. J Nucl Med 
2002;43:181-186. 
18. Fricke E, Machtens S, Hofmann M, et al. Positron emission tomography with 11C-acetate and 18F-
FDG in prostate cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:607-611. 
19. Rinnab L, Simon J, Hautmann RE, et al. [(11)C]choline PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with 
biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2009;27:619-625. 
20. Castellucci, P, Fuccio C, Nanni C, et al. Influence of trigger PSA and PSA kinetics on 11C-Choline 
PET/CT detection rate in patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy. J Nucl Med 
2009;50:1394-1400. 
21. Mitchell, C, Lowe V, Rangel L, et al. Operational characteristics of 11C-choline positronemission 
tomography/computerized tomography for prostate cancder with biochemical recurrence after initial 
treatment. J Urol 2013;189:1308-1313. 
22. Cimitan M, Bortolus R, Morassut S, et al. [(18)F]fluorocholine PET/CT imaging for the detection of 
recurrent prostate cancer at PSA relapse: experience in 100 consecutive patients. Eur J Nucl Med 
Mol Imaging 2006;33:1387-1398. 
23. Pelosi E, Arena V, Skanjeti A, et al. Role of whole-body 18F-coline PET/CT in disease detection in 
patients with biochemical relapse after radical treatment for prostate cancer. Radiol Med 
2008;113:895-904. 
24. Rigatti P, Suardi N, Briganti A, et al. Pelvic/retroperitoneal salvage lymph node dissection for 
patients treated with radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence and nodal recurrence 
detected by [11C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Eur Urol 
2011;60:935-43. 
25. Kelloff, GJ, Choyke P, and Coffey DS. Challernges in clinical prostate cancer: role of imaging. Am 
J Roentgenol 2009;192:1455-1470.


 
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Clinical Study Protocol 
Title Page 
 
Study Title:  Expanded Access to 11C choline PET/CT/MR for Staging of 
Recurrent Prostate Cancer 
 
Test Drug:  Choline C11 Injection 
 
Indication Studied:  Prostate Cancer Recurrence  
 
Sponsor: Zevacor Molecular 
 
IND No.: 123448 
 
Protocol ID: ZM-CCH-40-PTL0914-1 
 
Protocol Version/Date: 0.01 / January 30th, 2015 
 
Investigators  
Thomas Tarter, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
 
 
Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, S.C. - Urology 
 
 
 
210 West McKinley Avenue, Suite 1 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
 
 
 
Benjamin T. Esparaz, M.D. 
 
 
 
Cancer Care Specialists of Central Illinois, S.C. 
 
 
 
210 West McKinley Avenue, Suite 1 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
Mark Muscato, M.D. 
 
 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital - Radiology 
 
 
 
2300 North Edward Street 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
 
 
 
Jonathan Locke, M.D. 
 
 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital - Radiology 
 
 
 
2300 North Edward Street 
 
 
 
Decatur, Illinois 62526 
 
Confidentiality Statement 
The information in this document contains trade and commercial information that is privileged or confidential 
and may not be disclosed unless such disclosure is required by federal or state law or regulations. In any event, 
persons to whom the information is disclosed must be informed that the information is privileged or confidential 
and may not be further disclosed by them. These restrictions on disclosure will apply equally to all future 
information supplied to you which is indicated as privileged or confidential.  
 


 
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Contents 
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 
1.4 
Prostate Cancer ................................................................................................................................................ 5 
1.5 
Prostate Cancer Imaging ................................................................................................................................... 5 
1.5.1 
Relapsed Prostate Cancer ............................................................................................................................. 5 
1.6 
Rationale for Study .......................................................................................................................................... 6 
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................... 7 
3. ETHICS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 
3.1 Institutional Review Board ...................................................................................................................................... 8 
3.2 Ethical Conduct of Study ......................................................................................................................................... 8 
3.3 Patient Information and Informed Consent ............................................................................................................... 8 
4. STUDY PATIENTS .................................................................................................................................................... 9 
4.1 Patient Study Population.......................................................................................................................................... 9 
4.1.1  Inclusion Criteria ............................................................................................................................................. 9 
4.1.2  Exclusion Criteria ...........................................................................................................................................10 
4.2  Subject Withdrawal And Replacement ...................................................................................................................10 
4.2.1  Criteria For Subject Withdrawal ......................................................................................................................10 
4.2.2 Procedures for Subject Withdrawal ..................................................................................................................10 
5.2 
Expanded Access Study Protocol: Emergent Use .............................................................................................10 
5.2  Imaging Protocols - 11C Choline PET/CT/MRI.......................................................................................................11 
5.3 Imaging Technology...............................................................................................................................................12 
5.4  Imaging Review and Interpretations .......................................................................................................................12 
5.4.1 Image Review ..................................................................................................................................................12 
5.4.3 
Image Assessment Criteria ..........................................................................................................................12 
5.5  Study Data – Statistical Analysis ...........................................................................................................................12 
5.6     Publishing the Study Data ...................................................................................................................................13 
6.0 CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ...........................................................................13 
6.1 Contraindications ...................................................................................................................................................13 
6.2 Warnings and Precautions ......................................................................................................................................13 
6.3 Limitation of Use ...................................................................................................................................................14 
7. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY .....................................................................................................................................14 
7.1 Radiation Safety – Drug Handling ..........................................................................................................................14 
7.2 Radiation Risks – Patients ......................................................................................................................................14 
7.3 Indications and Usage.............................................................................................................................................14 
7.4 Patient Safety Evaluations ......................................................................................................................................15 
7.5 Safety Review ........................................................................................................................................................15 
8.0 ADVERSE REACTIONS ........................................................................................................................................15 


 
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8.1 Adverse Reactions, General ....................................................................................................................................15 
8.2 Allergic Reactions ..................................................................................................................................................15 
8.3 IND Safety Reporting Requirements ...................................................................................................................15 
8.3.1 21 CFR 312 .....................................................................................................................................................15 
8.3.2 Adverse Events ................................................................................................................................................15 
8.3.3 Suspected Adverse Reactions ...........................................................................................................................16 
8.3.4 Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) .......................................................................................................................17 
8.3.5 Unexpected Adverse Events .............................................................................................................................17 
8.3.6 Submission of IND Safety Reports ...................................................................................................................18 
8.3.7 AE Reporting - Sponsor Contact Information ...................................................................................................18 
8.4 Patient Monitoring..................................................................................................................................................18 
8.5 Investigator Responsibility .....................................................................................................................................19 
8.6 Follow Up ..............................................................................................................................................................19 
9.0 STUDY PATIENTS .................................................................................................................................................19 
9.1 Use in Specific Populations, General ......................................................................................................................19 
9.1 Women ..................................................................................................................................................................19 
9.2 Pediatric Use ..........................................................................................................................................................19 
10. STUDY ADMINISTRATION ..................................................................................................................................20 
10.1 Quality Assurance / Quality Control .....................................................................................................................20 
10.1.1  Direct Access To Source Data And Documents .............................................................................................20 
10.1.2  Study Monitoring ..........................................................................................................................................20 
10.1.3  Audit and Inspection .....................................................................................................................................20 
10.1.4  Confidentiality of Patient Data ......................................................................................................................21 
10.2 Data Handling and Record Keeping ......................................................................................................................21 
10.2.1  Case Report Forms........................................................................................................................................21 
10.2.2  Study Records Retention ...............................................................................................................................22 
10.3 Termination of the Study ......................................................................................................................................22 
10.4 Study Report and Publications ..............................................................................................................................23 
11. DRUG SUPPLY .......................................................................................................................................................23 
11.1 Drug Production and Compounding ......................................................................................................................23 
11.2  Packaging and Labeling .......................................................................................................................................23 
11.3  Conditions for Storage and Use ............................................................................................................................24 
14. 
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................25 
 
 
 


 
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c. INDEX OF ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS  
ACR  
American College of Radiology 
AE 
 
Adverse Effect 
ANDA  
Abbreviated New Drug Application (FDA submission for approval of generic drugs) 
CCI 
 
Cancer Care Institute (Affiliate of Illinois Health & Science) 
CFR 
 
Code of Federal Regulations (Legal requirements administered by the FDA) 
cGMP  
Current Good Manufacturing Practices 
 
CRF 
 
Case Report Forms (Patient study records captured in the study database) 
CT 
 
Computed Tomography (Imaging system) 
DMH  
Decatur Memorial Hospital (Affiliate of Illinois Health & Science) 
ECOG  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (Cancer rating system) 
FDA  
Food and Drug Administration 
FWA  
Federal Wide Assurance 
IC 
 
Informed Consent 
IND 
 
Investigatory New Drug (Application for a clinical trial of an unapproved drug) 
IRB 
 
Institutional Review Board 
MR 
 
Magnetic Resonance (Imaging system) 
NCCN  
National Comprehensive Cancer Network 
PET 
 
Positron Emission Tomography (Imaging system) 
PSA 
 
Prostate-Specific Antigen (Prostate cancer blood test) 
SAE 
 
Severe Adverse Effect 
SPECT 
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (Imaging system) 
Tc 
 
Technetium (radioactive isotope used as an imaging drug product) 
USP-NF 
United States Pharmacopeia – National Formulary 


 
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1. INTRODUCTION 
 
1.4 Prostate Cancer 
 
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men, and the second leading 
cause of cancer death.  Statisticians at the National Cancer Institute estimate that there will be 233,000 
new 
cases 
of 
prostate 
cancer 
and 
29,480 
deaths 
from 
prostate 
cancer 
in 
2014 
(seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html).  Since the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test became 
commercially available in 1985, most prostate cancers have been discovered through PSA screening.  
Widespread PSA screening for prostate cancer has resulted in a migration to a lower stage of prostate 
cancer.  For example, rates of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis have declined from 20% in the 1970s 
and 1980s to less than 4% today.  Imaging to detect the presence and location of metastatic prostate 
cancer has historically relied on the 99mTc-MDP bone scan and cross-sectional imaging with a CT scan 
or MRI. In addition to imaging studies, nomograms based on clinical T stage, PSA level, PSA kinetics, 
Gleason grade, and volume of cancer in biopsy specimens are used to predict the risk of metastasis 
(Stephenson AJ, Sacrdino, PT, Eastham, JA et al., 2006).  More recently, positron emission tomography 
(PET) using radiopharmaceuticals such as 11C-choline and 11C-acetate has improved detection of 
metastatic prostate cancer.   
 
1.5 Prostate Cancer Imaging 
 
1.5.1 Relapsed Prostate Cancer 
 
A rising PSA occurs in approximately 20 to 40% of patients within 10 years of definitive 
treatment of prostate cancer and is known as a biochemical relapse.  A biochemical relapse of prostate 
cancer usually precedes evidence of relapse using conventional imaging.  The definition of biochemical 
relapse after radical prostatectomy is a PSA of 0.2 ng/mL confirmed at that level or a higher level on a 
subsequent PSA test 3 months later (Cookson MS, Aus G, Burnett AL, et al, 2007).  The definition of 
biochemical relapse after radiation therapy is a PSA level 2 ng/mL above the nadir level after treatment 
(Roach M, Hanks GE, Thames H, et al, 2006).  PSA kinetics, most commonly the PSA doubling time; 
the initial stage and grade of prostate cancer; and time from treatment to biochemical relapse can be used 
to predict localized versus metastatic cancer states.  However, early identification on imaging studies of 
relapsed prostate cancer is essential in treatment planning.  Results of studies using 11C-choline PET/CT 
and 11C-acetate PET/CT have shown high sensitivity and specificity at low PSA levels in men with 
biochemical relapse after primary treatment for prostate cancer. 
 
Two early studies have shown that 11C-acetate PET is more sensitive than 18F-FDG PET in 
detection of relapsed prostate cancer (Oyama N, Akino H, Kanamaru H, et al, 2002; Fricke E, Machtens 
S, Hofmann M, et al, 2003).  In a study 11C-choline PET/CT in 41 patients with biochemical relapse after 
radical prostatectomy sensitivity was 89% with PSA levels < 2.5 ng/mL (Rinnab L, Simon J, Hautmann 


 
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RE, et al, 2009).  In a larger study of 190 patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy, 
11C-choline PET/CT detection of prostate cancer was correlated with the PSA level (known as the trigger 
PSA) and with PSA kinetics.  Trigger PSA levels were significantly different between PET-positive and 
PET-negative patients (P=0.0001), and ROC analysis showed an optimal trigger PSA cutoff value of 
2.43 ng/mL.  Using multivariable analysis, trigger PSA and PSA velocity were independent prediction 
factors for a positive PET, whereas PSA doubling time was an independent factor for a positive PET 
scan only in patients with a trigger PSA < 2.0 ng/mL.  An important finding of this study was that 
Gleason grade, pathologic tumor stage and lymph node status, and time from radical prostatectomy to 
biochemical relapse were not independent prediction factors for a positive PET (Castellucci, P, Fuccio 
C, Nanni C, et al, 2009).  
 
In a retrospective review reported by the Mayo Clinic, 176 patients with biochemical relapse of 
prostate cancer after primary treatment underwent 11C-choline PET/CT imaging.  Lesions were identified 
in 32% of the patients by 11C-choline PET/CT which were not detected by conventional imaging. 
Investigators reported an optimal trigger PSA level 2.0 ng/mL.  In this study, a true positive scan was 
confirmed by pathology of targeted biopsies or of surgical specimens (41.4%), or by conventional 
imaging. Performance characteristics were sensitivity 93%, specificity 76%, positive predictive value 
91% and negative predictive value 81%.  This study was limited by the retrospective nature of the data 
collection and the investigators recognized that prospective studies are needed to compare 11C-choline 
PET to conventional imaging with bone scan, CT and pelvic MRI (Mitchell, C, Lowe V, Rangel L, et 
al, 2013). 
 
The choline analog tracer 18F-FCH has been studied in patients with biochemical relapse of 
prostate cancer with less favorable results than 11C-choline.  In a study of 100 patients with biochemical 
relapse, 89% of patients with trigger PSA < 4 ng/mL were PET negative (Cimitan M, Bortolus R, 
Morassut S, et al, 2006).  In a subsequent study using 18F-FCH in 56 patients with biochemical relapse 
after radical prostatectomy, sensitivity was 44% when the trigger PSA ranged from 1 to 4 ng/mL (Pelosi 
E, Arena V, Skanjeti A, et al, 2008).  
 
As 11C-choline has emerged as a favorable diagnostic agent in patients with prostate cancer 
relapse, studies have been initiated to determine the best imaging modality.  11C-choline PET/CT was 
compared with 11C-choline PET/MRI in 31 with biochemical relapse.  The detection rate for localized 
relapse was higher and more conclusive for PET/MR which detected 17 regions in 12 patients 
compared to PET/CT which detected 12 regions in 8 patients.  Similar improvements of using MR 
were also found in detection of lymph node metastases and bone metastases (Eiber M., Souvatzoglou 
M., Maurer T., et al, 2013).   
 
1.6 Rationale for Study 
 


 
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Studies of molecular imaging in patients with prostate cancer have shown the following: 
5. 11C-choline, 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH), and 11C-acetate have shown greater accuracy in 
prostate cancer staging than conventional imaging or 18F-FDG PET.  
6. 11C-choline PET and whole body MRI are complementary, and when combined have the 
highest sensitivity and specificity in detection of prostate cancer metastasis.  
7. 11C-choline has the highest sensitivity at low PSA levels for detection of prostate cancer in 
men who have a biochemical relapse after primary treatment.   
8. 11C-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI are complementary and show the highest sensitivity and 
specificity in detection of lymph node metastasis when combined. 
In patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary treatment, early localization 
of cancer with molecular imaging using 11C-choline PET/CT or PET/MRI can lead to improved 
treatment planning with observation, local-regional therapy, or with systemic therapy.  Molecular 
imaging using PET drug products and PET imaging techniques have the potential to change the paradigm 
for treating men with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy.  In a study of 72 men with 
biochemical relapse and 11C-choline PET/CT positive lymph node metastasis, salvage lymphadenectomy 
resulted in a 5-year relapse-free survival of 35% and cancer-specific survival of 75% (Rigatti P, Suardi 
N, Briganti, A, et al, 2011).  Response to treatment can be monitored with PET molecular imaging as 
well as with PSA, which may lead to earlier additional therapy. 
 
In March 2013, the FDA approved the New Drug Application (NDA) of the Mayo Clinic in 
Rochester, MN, for the use of 11C-choline as a radiopharmaceutical agent for PET imaging of patients 
with suspected prostate cancer relapse. 11C-choline has a half-life of 20 minutes, which limits the 
distribution of the product to Rochester, MN, and the surrounding area.  As a result, this diagnostic agent 
and its associated benefits have limited availability to patients.  
The key objective of this study is to provide expanded access to this drug product as currently 
defined under the reference listed drug label as an investigational drug in geographical service areas 
where 11C-choline is not available.   
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES 
 
Based on these rationales, this protocol within this clinical trial will address the following 
objective: 
 
F. Provide expanded access to the drug 11C-choline. 


 
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3. ETHICS 
 
3.1 Institutional Review Board 
 
 
An Investigational Review Board (IRB) will assess and approve the Investigatory New Drug 
(IND) application.  This will include approval of the IND Protocol, Investigator’s Brochure, and the 
Informed Consent.  The Principal Investigator and Sponsor will provide the IRB with appropriate reports 
on the progress of the study, including safety updates, in accordance with applicable FDA regulations 
and in agreement with policy defined by sponsor and as outlined in this protocol.  All amendments to 
the study will be sent to the IRB for information (minor amendment) or for approval (major amendment) 
before implementation of the study amendments.   
 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital (DMH) and the Cancer Care Institute (CCI, an affiliate of DMH) are 
both located in Decatur, Illinois.  The Decatur Memorial Hospital Institutional Review Board (DMH 
IRB) will be involved in all aspects of study planning and considerations as per 21 CFR part 56.  The 
DMH IRB is covered under Decatur Memorial Hospital’s Federal Wide Assurance (FWA) # of 
00006097.  The DMH IRB reviews research projects which involve human participants to ensure that 
two broad standards are upheld: first, that participants are not placed at undue risk; second, that they give 
un-coerced, informed consent to their participation.   
 
3.2 Ethical Conduct of Study 
 
 
The study shall be performed in accordance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability 
Act (HIPAA) regulations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) 
regulations as defined within the Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR parts 50, 56,  
and 312 and clinical safety data management (E2A) regulations.  The Principal Investigator / Sponsor 
shall provide the IRB with all relevant material, including copies of the IND protocol, Informed Consent, 
Investigator’s Brochure and any subject information or advertising materials.  The study shall not be 
initiated until the IRB provides written approval of the protocol and the informed consent.   
 
 
Each study subject shall be required to provide written authorization that their patient information 
can be disclosed and used by the Principal Investigator and other researchers as well as the Sponsor for 
the purposes of assessing the efficacy of the study drug and imaging protocol.   
 
3.3 Patient Information and Informed Consent 
 
 
In compliance with the requirements set forth by the FDA in 21 CFR Part 50, a properly written 
and executed Informed Consent shall be obtained from each study subject prior to enrollment and initial 
screening evaluations required by this protocol.  The IC has been reviewed by the Sponsor for 
acceptability and shall be presented by the Principal Investigator, together with the IND protocol and 


 
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Investigator’s Brochure, to the IRB for review and approval prior to the start of the study.  The IC shall 
be written in such a way as to be fully comprehensible by the prospective study participant.   
 
 
The Informed Consent shall be revised in the event new information becomes available during 
the study that may be relevant to the subject.  Any revision shall be submitted to the IRB for review and 
approval before use.   
 
 
It is the Principal Investigator’s responsibility to obtain a properly written and executed Informed 
Consent from the study subject only after there has been an adequate explanation of the goals, methods, 
anticipated benefits and potential hazards of the study.  The subject shall be given ample time to inquire 
about details of the study and decide whether to participate in the study.  The IRB-approved IC shall be 
signed and dated by the subject and by the person conducting the informed consent discussion.  A copy 
of the properly executed IC shall be provided to the study subject.  The original signed informed consent 
shall be kept in a confidential location on site.   
4. STUDY PATIENTS 
 
4.1 Patient Study Population 
 
Decatur Memorial Hospital (DMH), a not-for-profit division of Illinois Health & Science, will 
be the site designated for imaging the study subjects and evaluating the 11C-choline PET/CT and 
PET/MR imaging data.  Patients will be referred from within the institution as well as from outside 
treatment organizations.  Urology, radiation oncology and medical oncology practices within an 
approximately 300 mile radius of the DMH imaging center will be contacted for enrollment of patients 
into this study.  As such, this study will encompass patients being served in major cities, such as Chicago, 
St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville and Indianapolis who would otherwise have to seek 11C-choline PET 
imaging at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN.  In the event that patients outside of the recruitment area 
wish to enroll in the clinical trial, they will also be considered.  A primary source for patients will also 
be from The Cancer Care Institute, also a not-for-profit division of Illinois Health & Science.  This phase 
III study is planned to provide expanded access to as many patients who elect to participate in the study 
that are over the age 18 and have experienced a biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after primary 
treatment.  
4.1.1  Inclusion Criteria 
 
Patients must meet all of the following criteria: 
2. Suspected prostate cancer recurrence based upon elevated blood prostate specific antigen 
(PSA) levels following initial therapy.   


 
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3. Non-informative bone scintigraphy, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance 
imaging. 
4.1.2  Exclusion Criteria 
 
None. 
 
4.2  Subject Withdrawal And Replacement 
4.2.1  Criteria For Subject Withdrawal 
 
Subject participation may be withdrawn / discontinued for the following reasons (but not 
limited to): 
4. Patient request for any reason to discontinue participation within the clinical trial. 
5. Patient non-compliance with the accepted protocol. 
6. Suspension or discontinuation of the clinical trial by the Sponsor, Zevacor Molecular.   
4.2.2 Procedures for Subject Withdrawal 
 
 
Study patients who decide to discontinue the protocol and withdraw from the clinical trial will 
be seen and assessed by an Investigator.  The reason(s) for the withdrawal and the date of the 
withdrawal will be documented in the study records for the patient. 
 
 
If death is the reason for the withdrawal from the clinical trial, there are two options for 
categorizing as such: 1) progressive disease, or 2) a Serious Adverse Event (SAE).  Although more 
than one SAE may be documented as reason for withdrawal, only one SAE will be documented as the 
cause of death.   
 
 
At withdrawal, all on-going study-related AEs and SAEs must be followed until resolution, 
unless in the Investigator’s opinion the condition is unlikely to be resolved due to the patient’s 
underlying disease.   
 
5. INVESTIGATIONAL PLAN 
5.2  Expanded Access Study Protocol: Emergent Use 
 
The study will consist of patients who have a biochemical relapse or other evidence of relapse 
after primary treatment.  This study group of patients who, upon suspected recurrence, have 
subsequently experienced non-informative bonce scintigraphy, computerized tomography (CR) 
or magnetic resonance imaging.   
 


 
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7. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants before any study related procedures are 
conducted.  Each participant will be informed about the nature of the study, its purpose, and 
possible risks.  Informed consent will be documented by using the written informed consent 
document approved by the local IRB at the Decatur Memorial Hospital.  
 
8. At the time of referral, patients will be asked to bring their prior records as it pertains to their 
prostate cancer history.  Data collected from outside records, such as radiographic studies, 
previous imaging studies and biopsies will be incorporated into the study record.  Current data 
will be collected to support eligibility only; no historical data or future data will be collected. 
 
9. Abstracted data for the study record will include: 
a. 
Pathology reports 
b. 
Imaging reports 
c. 
Date(s) of biochemical relapse and coordinating PSA results 
Once all records have been assessed for eligibility, an order for the 11C-choline PET CT scan and 
MRI scan will be requested from the referring physician and patient will be scheduled and given 
the appropriate prep instructions. 
 
10. Patients entered into the study will undergo a 11C-choline PET CT scan and/or MRI scan.  The 
CT scan will be performed with intravenous contrast unless deemed unsafe by lab values.  The 
CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer. The 11C-choline 
PET CT and MRI images will be evaluated for evidence of metastatic prostate cancer.   
 
11. Upon conclusion of each imaging protocol, the referring physician will receive written 
documentation of the results. At this time, the patient will be considered off study and no further 
follow up is required. 
 
5.2  Imaging Protocols - 11C Choline PET/CT/MRI 
 
3. 11C choline PET/CT Imaging Protocol: 
• Patient should hydrate with 16 ounces of water prior to the imaging study 
• Fasting is required for at least 6 hours 
• Void prior to study 
• 15 - 20 mCi 11C-choline IV Injection 
• 5 min delay after injection. 
• PET images skull base to mid thigh with 3 min per bed position 
• Image acquisition order changed due to bladder filling 
 If CT before MRI, then images obtained top to bottom 
 If MRI before CT, then images obtained bottom to top 


 
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• CT skull base to mid thigh for attenuation correction 
• Use of IV contrast, if applicable, based on ACR IV contrast guidelines renal function 
screening protocol 
• Slice thickness 2.5, kvp 120, mA 100, exposure time 500, 80 - 100 cc contrast 
• Fusion of PET and CT images 
 
4. MRI whole body imaging protocol:   
• No IV contrast 
• High resolution axial T2 prostate bed, axial DWI pelvis, coronal T2 skull base to mid 
thighs 
• Fusion of coronal and PET images 
 
5.3 Imaging Technology  
 
The imaging studies referenced above will be conducted as defined in Section 5.2 above.  The 
CT and MR studies must be performed as one continuous procedure using the GE Trimodality PET 
Imaging System.  This will require the patient to be immobile for approximately 60 minutes as each 
imaging study is executed.   
 
The GE Trimodality PET Imaging System consists of the following integrated equipment: GE 
Discovery PET/CT 7.0 Imaging System, a GE Discovery MR750w 3.0T Imaging System, and the Lateral 
Docking Trimodality Patient Transporter.  This system will allow for the combined imaging of PET, CT, 
and MR modalities in one integrated session using the Lateral Docking Transporter to ensure image 
synchronization between the modalities.   
 
5.4  Imaging Review and Interpretations  
 
5.4.1 Image Review 
 
For this Expanded Access protocol, there will not be any study related interpretation or use of any 
imaging.  
 
5.4.3 Image Assessment Criteria 
 
NONE 
 
5.5  Study Data – Statistical Analysis 
 
• Sample Size: 


 
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This study has been established to provide expanded access to the radioactive diagnostic imaging 
agent Choline C11 Injection in conjunction with PET/CT and/or MRI scans.    
 
It is anticipated that during this study at least 100 patients maybe admitted into the study under 
expanded access.  In the event that more than 100 patients request to be permitted into the expanded 
access study, Zevacor Molecular, the study sponsor, will formally petition the FDA to increase the study 
population.   
 
• Data Analysis: 
 
This protocol is to provide expanded access only.  The patient data obtained for this protocol will 
not be further analyzed beyond that need for clinical diagnosis.   
 
5.6     Publishing the Study Data 
Study data for this expanded access protocol will not be published.   
6.0 CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 
 
6.1 Contraindications 
 
None 
 
6.2 Warnings and Precautions 
 
• Imaging errors have been reported during previous clinical studies with 11C-choline PET and 
PET/CT imaging.  A negative image does not rule out the presence of recurrent prostate cancer and 
a positive image does not confirm the presence of recurrent cancer.  11C-choline uptake is not specific 
for prostate cancer and may occur with other types of cancer, such as lung carcinoma and brain 
tumors. 
 
• Blood PSA levels < 2 ng/mL have been associated with poor performance 11C-choline PET imaging, 
with indications of higher numbers of false positive and false negative results. 
 
• Tissue inflammation as well as prostatic hyperplasia have been associated with false positive 11C-
choline PET images. 
 


 
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• Concomitant colchicine or androgen-deprivation therapeutic drugs, such as luteinizing hormone-
releasing analogs and anti-androgen drugs, may interfere with 11C-choline PET imaging.  One 
published report of 18F methylcholine PET imaging indicated that discontinuation of colchicine for 
two weeks resolved the colchicine effect.  The impact of discontinuation of androgen-deprivations 
therapy upon 11C-choline PET imaging has not been established.   
6.3 Limitation of Use 
 
11C-choline PET imaging is NOT a replacement for histologic verification of relapsed prostate 
cancer. 
 
7. ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY 
 
7.1 Radiation Safety – Drug Handling 
 
11C-choline is a radioactive drug and will be handled with appropriate safety measures to 
minimize radiation exposure during administration.  The use of waterproof gloves and effective shielding 
when handling 11C-choline will be required.  Radiopharmaceuticals, such as 11C-choline will only be 
used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the 
safe use and handling of radioactive materials, and whose experience and training have been approved 
by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.   
 
11C-choline will be delivered to a Certified Nuclear Medicine Technician (CNMT) or 
equivalently qualified personnel in individual, single dose syringes contained within a NRC/DOT 
approved syringe shield specifically designed for minimizing radiation exposure during handling.  The 
safe handling of Radioactive Material will be as defined within the Sponsors’ radioactive material license 
issued by the Illinois Energy Management Agency (IEMA), the state nuclear regulatory agency 
responsible for radioactive material within the State of Illinois.   
 
7.2 Radiation Risks – Patients 
 
11C-choline contributes to a patient’s overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure.  Long-
term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer.  Safe handling should 
be ensured to minimize radiation exposure to the patient.   
 
7.3 Indications and Usage 
 
11C-choline is a radioactive diagnostic agent initially approved for use by the U.S. Food & Drug 
Administration in 2012 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of patients with suspected 
prostate cancer relapse and non-informative bone scintigraphy computed tomography.  It is dispensed 


 
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and administered under the reference listed drug (RLD) label: 233155.  For the purposes of this study, 
11C-choline will be produced, dispensed and administered according to the prescribing information as 
detailed in the approved drug labeling.   
7.4 Patient Safety Evaluations 
 
           Patient safety will be evaluated prior to participation in the study and before execution of each of 
the imaging protocols by screening process.  
 
7.5 Safety Review 
 
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) will review the protocol of this study for safety and 
effectiveness prior to its implementation.  The IRB will convene to approve the Clinical Protocol as 
defined in this document as well as the Informed Consent, as defined in the U.S. Code of Federal 
Regulations, 21 CFR 50 and 56.  The IRB will also meet on an as needed basis to examine any potential 
safety issues and the overall conduct of the trial. 
8.0 ADVERSE REACTIONS 
 
8.1 Adverse Reactions, General 
 
Exclusive of an uncommon, mild injection site reaction, no adverse reactions to 11C-choline have 
been reported.   
 
8.2 Allergic Reactions 
 
As with any injectable drug product, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis may occur.  Emergency 
resuscitation equipment and personnel will be immediately available during and within a reasonable time 
soon after the imaging procedures defined in the clinical protocol.   
 
8.3 IND Safety Reporting Requirements 
 
8.3.1 21 CFR 312 
 
The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, section 21 CFR 312, defines the conditions within which 
Adverse Events (AE) and Severe Adverse Events (SAE) are reported to the FDA.  For the purposes of 
this study, the sponsor will be responsible for reporting AEs and SAEs to the FDA as defined by these 
regulations.   
 
8.3.2 Adverse Events 


 
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Adverse Event means any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans, whether or not considered drug related. 
An adverse event, also referred to as an adverse experience, can be any unfavorable and 
unintended sign (e.g., an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with 
the use of a drug, and does not imply any judgment about causality.  
 
An adverse event may be any of the following: 
 
5. A new illness 
6. An exacerbation or a sign or symptom of the underlying condition under treatment or of a 
concomitant illness 
7. Unrelated to participation in the clinical study or an effect of the study radiopharmaceutical 
or comparator drug 
8. A combination of 1 or more of the above factors 
An exacerbation of a pre-existing condition/illness is defined as a more frequent occurrence or 
as an increase in the severity of the pre-existing condition/illness during the study.  Planned or elective 
surgical procedures for pre-existing conditions that have not worsened are not AEs. However, any 
complication that occurs during planned or elective surgery is an AE. Conditions leading to unplanned 
surgical procedures may be AEs.  
 
The period of observation for collection of (treatment-emergent) AEs extends from the time the 
subject takes the first dose of study radiopharmaceutical until their exit from the study.  The patient will 
be called within 24 hours after the protocol scan to assess any AEs and SAEs. 
 
In the event of an adverse event, the Investigator is required to file an Adverse Event Report    
using the AE Report Form to the sponsor within a reasonable period of time, but no later than 3 days 
after the event has been recognized by the Investigator.  The Sponsor contact information for reporting 
AEs is listed in section 8.3.7 below.   
8.3.3 Suspected Adverse Reactions 
 
Suspected Adverse Reaction means any adverse event for which there is a reasonable possibility 
that the drug caused the adverse event. For the purposes of IND safety reporting, ‘reasonable possibility’ 
means there is evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event. A 
suspected adverse reaction implies a lesser degree of certainty about causality than adverse reaction, 
which means any adverse event caused by a drug. 


 
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It is the responsibility of the Sponsor to determine whether the Adverse Event should be classified 
as a Suspected Adverse Reaction.   
8.3.4 Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) 
 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered “serious” if, in the view of either 
the investigator or sponsor, it results in any of the following outcomes:  
• Death  
• a life-threatening adverse event 
• inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization 
• a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal 
life functions 
• a congenital anomaly/birth defect 
 
Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require 
hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may 
jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the 
outcomes listed in this definition.  Examples of such medical events include allergic bronchospasm 
requiring intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home, blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do 
not result in inpatient hospitalization, or the development of drug dependency or drug abuse. 
 
In the event of an SAE, the Investigator is required to file an Adverse Event Report using the AE 
Report Form to the sponsor within 24 hours of the Investigator’s recognition of the SAE.  The Sponsor 
contact information for reporting AEs is listed in section 8.3.7 below.   
 
8.3.5 Unexpected Adverse Events 
 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered “unexpected” if it is not listed in 
the investigator brochure or is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been observed. For example, 
under this definition, hepatic necrosis would be unexpected (by virtue of greater severity) if the 
investigator brochure referred only to elevated hepatic enzymes or hepatitis. Similarly, cerebral 
thromboembolism and cerebral vasculitis would be unexpected (by virtue of greater specificity) if the 
investigator brochure listed only cerebral vascular accidents. "Unexpected," as used in this definition, 
also refers to adverse events or suspected adverse reactions that are mentioned in the investigator 
brochure as occurring with a class of drugs or as anticipated from the pharmacological properties of the 
drug, but are not specifically mentioned as occurring with the particular drug under investigation. 


 
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8.3.6 Submission of IND Safety Reports 
 
The sponsor must report in an IND safety report any suspected adverse reaction to study 
treatment (i.e., including active comparators) that is both serious and unexpected (21 CFR 
312.32(c)(1)(i)). Before submitting an IND safety report, the sponsor needs to ensure that the event meets 
all three of the definitions:  
 
• Suspected adverse reaction  
• Serious  
• Unexpected  
 
If the Sponsor concludes that there is a significant likelihood that the imaging drug caused the 
adverse event, an IND Safety Report will be submitted to the FDA.  In the event that the AE is found to 
be unexpected, fatal, or life-threatening, the sponsor is required to notify FDA and all participating 
investigators by fax or phone within 7 calendar days of the initial receipt of information.  A written IND 
safety report must follow within 15 calendar days.  All other AEs that are found to be causal to the 
imaging agent and are unexpected must be submitted in writing within 15 calendar days.   
 
Each participating Investigator is responsible for submitting the IND Safety Report to the 
Investigator’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) as per FDA regulations.   
8.3.7 AE Reporting - Sponsor Contact Information 
 
Todd M. Hockemeyer 
Vice President – Regulatory Affairs 
Zevacor Molecular 
7715 Loma Court 
Fishers, Indiana 46038 
Phone: (317) 417-2860 
Fax: (866) 512-7795 
 
The Investigator will fax the initial AE Report Form to the Sponsor as required above. 
 
8.4 Patient Monitoring 
 
Patient subjects will be monitored throughout the imaging process during the administration of 
the imaging agents and immediately thereafter.  Patient subjects will be instructed to inform the study 
physician and/or study coordinator of any AEs that may occur at any time during the study after the 
injection of the imaging agents.  Patients will be contacted within 24 hours after the investigational scan 


 
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to assess any AEs/SAEs.  They will also be contacted again when imaging report is finalized and sent to 
their treating physician. 
 
8.5 Investigator Responsibility 
 
The Investigator at the clinical center will completely and promptly record each adverse reaction. 
The Investigator should attempt, if possible, to establish a diagnosis based on the presenting signs and 
symptoms.  
 
Unless directed otherwise per responsibilities outlined elsewhere in this document, the 
Investigator is required to report all adverse events to the Sponsor within 30 days of determination of the 
AE.   
 
8.6 Follow Up 
 
All unresolved AEs, Suspected Adverse Reactions and/or Severe AEs, will be followed by the 
responsible Investigator until resolved, the patient is stabilized, or the patient is lost to follow-up.   
9.0 STUDY PATIENTS  
 
9.1 Use in Specific Populations, General 
 
 
This expanded access protocol of this Phase III clinical study will include only men who have a 
confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer. 
 
9.1 Women 
 
Choline C11 Injection is not indicated for use in women.  Furthermore, there are no adequate and 
well controlled studies with Choline C11 Injection in pregnant women and the fetal radiation dose from 
a 11C-choline PET imaging study is unknown.  All radiopharmaceuticals, including Choline C11 
Injection, have the potential to cause fetal harm.  For the purposes of this clinical study allowing for 
expanded access to this diagnostic agent, female patients and/or pregnant women will not be allowed to 
participate. 
 
9.2 Pediatric Use 
 
The safety and effectiveness of Choline C11 Injection have not been established in pediatric 
patients.  For the purposes of this clinical study allowing for expanded access to this diagnostic agent, 
pediatric patients and/or patients under the age of 18 will not be allowed to participate. 


 
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10. STUDY ADMINISTRATION 
 
10.1 Quality Assurance / Quality Control 
 
Steps to be taken to assure the accuracy and reliability of data include the selection of qualified 
Investigators and appropriate study centers, review of protocol procedures with the Investigator and 
associated personnel prior to study start, and periodic monitoring visits by the Sponsor (or designee). 
Case report forms will be reviewed for accuracy and completeness by the Sponsor during on-site 
monitoring visits, and any discrepancies will be resolved with the Investigator or designees, as 
appropriate. The data will be entered into the clinical trial database and verified for accuracy. 
10.1.1  Direct Access To Source Data And Documents 
 
Each Investigator participating in the study will permit trial-related monitoring, audits, IRB 
review, and regulatory inspections by providing direct access to source data and documents.  All data 
recorded during the study will be made available by the site for audit against source data and for all 
compliance with GCP and specific protocol requirements. 
10.1.2  Study Monitoring 
 
All aspects of the study will be monitored by the Sponsor’s representative, which will use current 
GCPs and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for compliance with applicable government 
regulations.  During the conduct of the study, and thereafter until the final report has been completed, 
the Sponsor’s representative will visit each study site at regular intervals by prior arrangement with the 
Investigator.  In order to validate the data in the CRF, the Sponsor’s representative will be allowed direct 
access to the patients’ individual source medical records and the study master file.  The purpose of these 
visits is to discuss study progress; verify adherence to the protocol and the completeness, consistency 
and accuracy of the data entered into the CRFs (source data validation); resolve outstanding data 
discrepancies; and check on various aspects of the study progress (eg, radiopharmaceutical 
accountability, sample storage).  These individuals must have access to all records necessary to ensure 
integrity of the data and will periodically review the progress of the study with the Principal Investigator.  
Each Investigator is to cooperate in this endeavor and ensure that any problems and issues discovered 
during the course of these monitoring visits are resolved.  
10.1.3  Audit and Inspection 
 
All data recorded during the study will be made available by the site for audit against source data 
and for all compliance with GCP and specific protocol requirements. 
 


 
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A database audit will be performed on the image readings and safety data to detect systematic 
and random errors. Any errors should be corrected, and, if the error rate is greater than 1 error per 100 
fields (1%), a systematic database review should be conducted and corrections made to achieve an error 
rate of <.5%. 
10.1.4  Confidentiality of Patient Data 
 
All information provided to each Investigator by the Sponsor, including preclinical data, 
protocols, CRFs, and verbal and written information, will be kept strictly confidential and confined to 
the clinical personnel involved in conducting the study.  It is recognized that this information may be 
relayed in confidence to the IRB.  In addition, no reports or information about the study or its progress 
will be provided to anyone not involved in the study, other than to the Sponsor, the Sponsor’s 
representative, the government agencies, or to the IRB, except as required by law. All data collection 
and data management will be in compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 
(HIPAA) regulations for (US sites). 
 
The assignment of numbers for patients’ identification is based on the desire for anonymity. 
Patients will be numbered in a manner specified by the Sponsor’s representative.  Patients will be 
identified to Sponsor representatives only by their assigned number, initials, and data of birth.  Each 
Investigator, however, must maintain a list of all patient names and the above indicated identifying 
information for each patient that participates in the study at the Investigator’s center. 
 
10.2 Data Handling and Record Keeping 
10.2.1  Case Report Forms 
 
Adequate and accurate CRFs shall be maintained and all relevant observations and data related 
to the study shall be recorded. This shall include the patient data needed to determine inclusion into the 
study.   
 
The CRF will be signed and dated by the Principal Investigator or designee after his/her review. 
In addition, source documents will be provided.  Each Investigator will be responsible for the timeliness, 
completeness, and accuracy of the CRFs and will make these forms available for thorough review by the 
Monitor at each scheduled monitoring visit. 
 
All instances of missing or incorrect data must be given the Investigator’s full attention. While it 
is recognized the certain tests may, on occasion, not be performed either through human error, lack of 
patient cooperation, or in the interest of good medical practice, these instances should be infrequent.   In 
the event they do become frequent, it is the binding legal responsibility of the Sponsor to consider these 
a protocol violation and to take appropriate corrective measures. 


 
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10.2.2  Study Records Retention 
 
United States Federal Regulations require that following completion of a clinical study, a copy 
of all records pertaining to that study must be maintained by the investigational center for one of the 
following two time periods: 
 
• At least 2 years after the last approval of a marketing application in the ICH region (ie, United 
States, Europe, or Japan) and until there are no pending or contemplated marketing 
applications in an ICH region 
• At least 2 years after the investigation is discontinued and the FDA has been notified – in 
situations where no application is filed or if the application is not approved for such indication 
The site will maintain a Clinical Study Document Binder, which will be maintained at the study 
site.  In this binder, there will be tabbed sections for study documents including the following: 
• FDA Form 1572 
• study personnel identification and signature list 
• study staff curricula vitae 
• patient screening records 
• patient roster identification numbers 
• IRB documentation 
• all approved versions of protocol and amendments or administrative changes 
• all approved versions of ICF 
• drug accountability records 
• correspondence and site monitoring reports 
• blank Case Review Forms (CRFs).   
 
The site must keep the binder current and available for review by the Sponsor, IRB, and/or FDA. 
 
10.3 Termination of the Study 
 
The Sponsor and the Investigator reserve the right to discontinue this study at any time.  If this 
should be necessary, the procedures will be arranged after review and consultation by both parties. In 
terminating the study, the Sponsor and the Investigator will assure that adequate consideration is given 
to the protection of the interests of all patients. The Investigator must notify the IRB/EC of study 
discontinuation, and the Sponsor or the Investigator must supply reason(s) for the termination or 
suspension, as specified by the applicable regulatory requirements. Otherwise, the study is considered 
terminated upon completion of all patient protocol-scheduled treatments and evaluations.  
 


 
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10.4 Study Report and Publications 
Study data will not be published.  However, any reporting requirements as defined by 21 CFR 310.33, 
Annual Reporting, shall be submitted directly to the FDA.   
 11. DRUG SUPPLY 
 
11.1 Drug Production and Compounding 
 
Zevacor Molecular (Zevacor) will be responsible for the production of the 11C-choline PET 
imaging drug product for use by imaging centers participating in the study.  Zevacor will ensure that the 
PET imaging drug is manufactured according to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and is 
suitable for human use.  Zevacor currently produces three PET imaging drug products approved for 
patient use under 21 CFR 212: Fludeoxyglucose F18 Injection, USP; Sodium Fluoride F18 Injection, 
USP; and Ammonia N13 Injection, USP.  Zevacor’s PET drug production facility co-located at the 
Decatur Memorial Hospital was subject to a complete 6 system inspection by the FDA in October, 2012, 
and received a positive report with no citations or warnings.  Since June 12, 2012, Zevacor Molecular 
has produced several hundred batches of these PET drug products representing several thousand doses.  
Each batch was 100% quality control tested for safety and effectiveness as per the compendium for each 
drug product under the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF), published dually as 
USP-NF.  During that time, Zevacor has produced every batch with 100% passing quality and has 
experienced no customer complaints or product recalls.   
 
Upon commencement of this clinical study, Zevacor will have already submitted an ANDA 
submission for Choline C11 Injection. This submission is being reviewed under ANDA 206319.  The 
facility, facility operators, and drug product will have been fully qualified according to cGMP and in 
accordance with the Reference Listed Drug currently manufactured by the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.  
The Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls (CMC) section of the ANDA, which is used to describe the 
chemistry, production methods, quality control protocols, adherence to cGMPs, and all qualifying data 
for the facility, operators, and product batches, is also provided within the IND application to the FDA.   
 
11.2  Packaging and Labeling 
 
Choline C11 Injection is packaged in a multi-dose glass vial (Final Product Container) containing 
between 148 MBq to 1225 MBq (4mCi to 33mCi) per milliliter of [11C] Choline at EOS calibration time 
in aqueous 0.9% sodium chloride solution (approximately 10 mL volume).   
 


 
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The product label will contain the information as required by the FDA under 21 CFR 212, the 
Code of Federal Regulations relevant to PET drug production.   The dose will be dispensed and packaged 
from the Final Product Container by authorized nuclear pharmacists according to correct compounding 
procedures as defined in the U.S. Pharmacopeia, Chapter 797 and as licensed by the Illinois Board of 
Pharmacy and the Illinois Emergency Management Agency, Division of Nuclear Safety.   
 
11.3  Conditions for Storage and Use 
 
Each vial containing Choline C11 Injection will be produced and stored at the Zevacor Molecular 
drug production facility.  The drug product shall be stored at 20 - 25°C; excursions permitted to 15 to 
30°C.  Choline C11 Injection will be provided in a single dose syringe ready for immediate use.  The 
drug product will expire within 60 minutes of the End of Synthesis (EOS) calibration. Imaging should 
be initiated immediately after administration of Choline C11 Injection with the acquisition of emission 
images 0 to 15 minutes from the time of injection. 
 
The drug product will be dispensed according to the patient doctor’s prescription under the 
direction of a Licensed Nuclear Pharmacist.  Choline C11 Injection will be aseptically withdrawn and 
administered from a single dose syringe, containing between 370 MBq – 740MBq or (10 mCi – 20 mCi) 
in aqueous 0.9% sodium chloride solution.  The effective radiation absorbed dose from 740 MBq (20 
mCi) dose of Choline C11 Injection is approximately 3.22 mSv (0.32 rem) in an adult. 
 
 


 
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14. REFERENCES 
 
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