Clinical trial NCT01548690
Conditions: Acute Liver Failure Acute Liver Injury
Keywords: ornithine phenylacetate acetaminophen toxicity acute liver failure hepatitis B autoimmune hepatitis drug-induced liver injury
Sponsor: William Lee
Start date: 2012-06-01; Completion date: 2017-02-23
Enrollment: 47 participants; Allocation: NA; Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP

Brief summary:
This Phase 2a clinical study is designed to provide data on OCR-002 in patients with acute liver failure/acute liver injury (ALF/ALI) in regard to:

* safety and tolerability;
* metabolism of the compound to glutamine and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN);
* its effect on circulating ammonia levels and neurological function in patients with and without impaired renal function after continuous infusion at different infusion rates.

Subjects will receive up to 120 hours (5 days) of drug infusion, followed by a 30 day follow-up visit post infusion. It is anticipated that this early safety and tolerability study, with appropriate PK/PD data, will lead to a development program for the use of OCR-002 in the treatment of hyperammonemia either due to ALF or possibly other liver conditions. The hypotheses are:

* Treatment with OCR-002 is safe and tolerable in patients with acute liver failure/acute liver injury due to acetaminophen overdose or drug-induced liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis or indeterminate etiologies.
* A dose of 10-20g/24h (0.42-.83g/h) will achieve steady state plasma concentrations within 6-12h with little additional accumulation in the ALI/ALF setting.
* Treatment with OCR-002 will reduce ammonia and improve neurological function in patients with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury.

Detailed description:
There is strong experimental and clinical rationale for the use of ammonia-lowering therapies in ALF. Ammonia is normally produced in the gut and transformed by the liver into urea. As the liver fails, ammonia increases in the systemic circulation and enters into the brain. The result of a rapid rise in ammonia or related compounds in the cerebral circulation is hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a reversible neuropsychiatric condition that ranges in severity from mild impairment in attention, to delirium, the development of cerebral edema, coma and death. This is a Phase 2a, multi-center, open-label study, conducted in two cohorts in patients diagnosed with acute liver failure/acute liver injury (ALF/ALI) who meet inclusion/exclusion criteria. This study is designed to provide data on OCR-002 with regards to

* the effect on circulating ammonia levels in patients with acute liver failure with and without impaired renal function at different doses after single and continuous infusion
* safety and dose tolerability as well as
* providing data on the metabolites, glutamine and phenylacetylglutamine in this patient population.

It is anticipated that this early efficacy, safety, tolerability, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and dose-ranging study will lead to a Phase 3 development program for the use of OCR-002 in the treatment of hyperammonemia due to ALF. No clinical outcome measures will be formally studied because of the small sample size.

Arms: arm 1: Ornithine Phenylacetate is administered intravenously, through a peripheral venous catheter. Each infusion should will be administered over a period of 120 hours.
Interventions: intervention 1: Ornithine Phenylacetate
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Up to 36 patients will be enrolled into 2 groups \[\~18 with minimal renal dysfunction (Cohort 1) \& \~18 w/ comprised renal function (Cohort 2)\] and receive OCR-002 infusion for at least 72 hrs. OCR-002 will be administered in the vein and pharmacokinetics (pk) assessed for all subjects who receive the infusion.

The first 24 enrolled subjects received OCR-002 at 3 ascending dose levels (DLs 1-3) with a maximum target infusion rate equivalent to 10g/24h.

The remaining 12 patients (\~6 Cohort 1 \& \~6 Cohort 2) will be enrolled and receive identical quantities of OCR-002 at 20g/24hr continuously for 5 days (Dose Level 4).

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
 
ALFSG-OCR-002 
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Clinical Study Protocol 
 
A Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of OCR-002 
(ornithine phenylacetate) in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Liver 
Failure/Severe Acute Liver Injury (STOP-ALF) 
 
 
Protocol Number: 
ALFSG-OCR-002 
IND Number: 
113534 
 
Study Chair 
William M. Lee, MD 
 
UT Southwestern Medical Center 
 
Dallas, TX 
 
Co-Principal Investigators: 
Robert J. Fontana, MD 
 
University of Michigan 
 
Ann Arbor, MI 
 
 
R. Todd Stravitz, MD 
 
VCU Medical Center 
 
Richmond, VA 
 
 
Supported by: 
 
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 
 
Diseases (NIDDK) 
 
U-01-DK58369 
 
 
Study Intervention Provided by: 
 
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. 
 
Sponsor of IND: 
William M. Lee, MD 
 
for the Acute Liver Failure Study Group 
 
Date of Protocol: 
September 22, 2015 
Version: 
5.0 
 
 


 
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Investigator Statement of Agreement 
I agree to: 
Implement and conduct this study diligently and in strict compliance with the protocol, the 
Principles of Good Clinical Practice, and all applicable laws and regulations. 
Maintain all information supplied by Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (Ocera) in confidence and, 
when this information is submitted to an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or any other 
group, it will be submitted with a designation that the material is confidential. 
I have read this protocol in its entirety and I agree to all aspects. 
 
 
_______________________________________________ 
________________________ 
Principal Investigator 
Date 
 
 
_______________________________________________ 
Printed Name of Investigator 
 
 
_______________________________________________ 
Institution 
 
 
 


 
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Table of Contents 
 
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL .................................................................. 1 
1 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................... 6 
2 
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS .......................................................................... 9 
3 
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ........................................... 15 
 
3.1 
Introduction ......................................................................................................15 
 
3.2 
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics of OCR-002....................16 
 
 
3.2.1 Chemistry ..............................................................................................16 
 
 
3.2.2 Summary of Nonclinical Safety Data ...................................................16 
 
3.3 
Rationale for the Study and Dose Selection......................................................16 
 
 
3.3.1 Rationale for the Study .........................................................................16 
 
 
3.3.2 Rationale for Dose Selection ................................................................19 
4 
OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS ........................................................ 21 
 
4.1 
Objectives..........................................................................................................21 
 
 
4.1.1 Primary Objective .................................................................................21 
 
 
4.1.2 Secondary Objectives ...........................................................................21 
 
4.2 
Endpoints ..........................................................................................................21 
 
 
4.2.1 Safety Endpoints ...................................................................................21 
 
 
4.2.2 Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints............................................................21 
5 
INVESTIGATIONAL PLAN ................................................................. 21 
 
5.1 
Study Design .....................................................................................................21 
 
5.2 
Continuous Infusion Rate Adjustment...............................................................23 
6 
PATIENT POPULATION ...................................................................... 24 
 
6.1 
Number of Sites and Patients ............................................................................24 
 
6.2 
Selection Criteria ..............................................................................................24 
 
 
6.2.1 Inclusion Criteria ..................................................................................24 
 
 
6.2.2 Exclusion Criteria .................................................................................25 
 
6.3 
Informed Consent and Enrollment ....................................................................26 
 
 
6.3.1 Informed Consent .................................................................................26 
 
 
6.3.2 Enrollment ............................................................................................27 
 
 
6.3.3 Withdrawal of Consent .........................................................................27 
 
 
6.3.4 Discontinuation of Study Treatment .....................................................27 
 
 
6.3.5 Follow-up of Patients with Discontinuation of Study Treatment .........27 
7 
STUDY DRUG AND ADMINISTRATION .......................................... 28 
 
7.1 
Identity of Study Drug .......................................................................................28 


 
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7.2 
Packaging, Supply and Labeling of Study Drug ...............................................28 
 
7.3 
Storage, Handling and Dispensing ...................................................................28 
 
 
7.3.1 
Accountability Procedures and Return or Destruction of Clinical Supplies ..............28 
 
7.4 
Timing of Dosing and Administration of OCR-002 Infusion ............................29 
 
7.5 
Treatment Compliance ......................................................................................29 
 
7.6 
Prior and Concomitant Medications ................................................................29 
 
7.7 
Precautions, Contraindications and Warnings ................................................30 
8 
STUDY PROCEDURES BY STUDY DAY .......................................... 30 
 
8.1 
Screening ..........................................................................................................30 
 
8.2 
Assessments at Baseline ....................................................................................31 
 
8.3 
Assessments during Study Treatment ................................................................31 
 
8.4 
Follow Up or Early Termination ......................................................................37 
9 
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS ...................................................................... 38 
 
9.1 
Adverse Events ..................................................................................................38 
 
 
9.1.1 Adverse Event Definition ........................................................................38 
 
 
9.1.2 Expected Adverse Events ........................................................................38 
 
 
9.1.3 Other Adverse Events ..............................................................................40 
 
 
9.1.4 Adverse Reaction .....................................................................................41 
 
 
9.1.5 Suspected Adverse Reaction ....................................................................41 
 
 
9.1.6 Unexpected Adverse Event or Suspected Adverse Reaction ...................42 
 
9.2 
Serious Adverse Events .....................................................................................42 
 
9.3 
Reporting Adverse Events from Participating Clinical Sites............................43 
 
9.4 
Reporting Serious Adverse Events and Suspected Adverse Reactions 
 
 
from Participating Clinical Sites ......................................................................43 
 
9.5 
Review of Serious Adverse Events and Suspected Adverse Reactions ..............44 
 
9.6 
Expedited Reporting of Serious Adverse Events, Suspected Adverse Reactions ........45 
 
9.7 
Safety Review Committee ..................................................................................47 
 
 
9.7.1 Trial Stopping Criteria .............................................................................47 
 
9.8 
Safety Assessments ............................................................................................48 
10 DATA MANAGEMENT ......................................................................... 49 
 
10.1 
Data Processing ................................................................................................49 
 
10.2 
Data Security and Confidentiality ....................................................................49 
 
10.3 
Data Quality Assurance ....................................................................................50 
11 STATISTICAL PROCESS ..................................................................... 51 
 
11.1 
Statistical Methods ............................................................................................51 
 
11.2 
Comparisons of Interest ....................................................................................51 
 
11.3 
Sample Size Determination ...............................................................................51 


 
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11.4 
Analysis Population ..........................................................................................51 
 
11.5 
Interim Analysis ................................................................................................51 
 
11.6 
Statistical Analyses ...........................................................................................51 
 
11.7 
Safety Assessments ............................................................................................52 
 
 
11.7.1 Adverse Events .....................................................................................52 
 
 
11.7.2 Clinical Laboratory Tests......................................................................52 
 
 
11.7.3 Vital Signs.............................................................................................52 
 
 
11.7.4 Electrocardiograms ...............................................................................52 
 
 
11.7.5 Physical Exams .....................................................................................52 
 
 
11.7.6 Plasma Ornithine, Phenylacetate, Phenylacetylglutamine and 
 
 
 
Glutamine Concentrations and Pharmacokinetic Parameters ...............52 
12 OBLIGATIONS OF THE INVESTIGATOR ....................................... 53 
 
12.1 
Compliance with Good Clinical Practice .........................................................53 
 
12.2 
Institutional Review Board and Informed Consent Process .............................53 
 
12.3 
Source Documents ............................................................................................54 
 
12.4 
Retention of Documentation .............................................................................54 
 
12.5 
Confidentiality of Material Provided by Ocera ................................................55 
 
12.6 
Quality Assurance and Quality Control ...........................................................55 
 
12.7 
Publication ........................................................................................................55 
13 LIST OF REFERENCES ........................................................................ 56 
 
 


 
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1 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
Abbreviation 
Definition 
ACLD 
acute on chronic liver disease 
AE 
adverse event 
ALFSG 
Acute Liver Failure Study Group 
ALF 
acute liver failure 
ALI 
acute liver injury 
ALT 
alanine aminotransferase (= serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, SGPT) 
ANA 
antinuclear antibody 
ASMA 
anti-smooth muscle AB 
AST 
aspartate aminotransferase (= serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT
ATN 
acute renal tubular necrosis 
AUC 
area under the concentration–time curve 
AUC0-last 
area under the concentration–time curve from the time of dosing 
(Time 0) to the time of the last measureable concentration 
CAH 
chronic autoimmune hepatitis 
Cmax 
observed maximum concentration 
CMV 
cytomegalovirus 
Cr 
creatinine 
CRF 
case report form 
CTCAE 
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 
CVVH 
continuous veno-venous hemofiltration 
dL 
Deciliter 
EBV 
Epstein-Barr virus 
ECG 
Electrocardiogram 
EDTA 
edetic acid (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 
FDA 
Food and Drug Administration 
g 
grams 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
h/hrs 
hour/hours 


 
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Abbreviation 
Definition 
HAV 
Hepatitis A virus 
HBc 
Hepatitis B core 
HBsAg 
Hepatitis B surface antigen 
HDV 
Hepatitis delta virus 
HE 
hepatic encephalopathy 
Hg 
mercury 
HSV 
Herpes simplex virus 
ICF 
Informed consent form 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonization 
ICP 
intracranial pressure 
IgG 
Immunoglobulin G 
IgM 
Immunoglobulin M (antibody) 
ICU 
Intensive Care Unit 
IND 
Investigational new drug 
IMM 
Internal Medical Monitor 
INR 
International Normalized Ratio (for prothrombin time) 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
IU/L 
international unit per liter 
IV 
Intravenous 
K3+EDTA 
tri-potassium edetic acid (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 
LAR 
legally authorized representative 
LKMA 
anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody 
µL 
Microliter 
µmol/L 
micromole per liter 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
mg 
milligram 
mL 
milliliter 
mm 
millimeter 


 
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Abbreviation 
Definition 
msec 
millisecond 
MSM 
Medical Safety Monitor 
MOO 
Manual of Operations 
NAC 
N-acetylcysteine 
ng 
nasogastric 
OCR-002 
ornithine phenylacetate 
O-log 
Orientation Log 
PAGN 
Phenylacetylglutamine 
PCR 
polymerase chain reaction (viral diagnostic test) 
PD 
Pharmacodynamic 
PK 
Pharmacokinetic 
Qt Interval 
time from electrocardiogram Q wave to the end of the T wave corresponding 
to electrical systole 
RNA 
ribonucleic acid 
SAE 
serious adverse event 
SAR 
suspect Adverse Reaction 
SDCC 
Statistical and Data Coordinating Center 
SOP 
standard operating procedure 
SRC 
Safety Review Committee 
T0 
Treatment Day 1 - Time “0” 
T1/2 
half-life 
ULN 
upper limit normal 
US 
United States 
X 
Times 
 
 
 


 
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2 
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS 
Protocol 
Number/Title 
ALFSG-OCR-002: A Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of OCR-
002 (ornithine phenylacetate) in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Liver 
Failure/Severe Acute Liver Injury (STOP-ALF) 
Phase 
Phase 2a 
Objectives 
Primary Objectives: 
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of OCR-002 in patients with acute liver 
failure/severe acute liver injury  
Secondary Objectives: 
To evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of 
OCR-002 in patients with minimal renal dysfunction using urinary PAGN as a 
surrogate marker 
To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on ammonia levels in patients with acute liver 
failure/severe acute liver injury 
To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on neurological function in patients with acute 
liver failure/severe acute liver injury 
Study Chair 
William M. Lee, MD, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 
Co-Principal 
Investigators 
Robert J. Fontana, MD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 
R. Todd Stravitz, MD, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA 
Investigative 
Sites 
Approximately 6-12 investigative sites in the United States 
Study Design 
This is a Phase 2a, multi-center, open-label study, conducted in two cohorts of patients 
diagnosed with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (ALF/ALI) who meet 
inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cohort 1 is defined as patients with ALF/ALI with minimal 
renal dysfunction at the time of enrollment (defined as a serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL 
and mean arterial pressure of >65 mm Hg).  Cohort 2 is defined as patients with 
ALF/ALI with compromised renal function (defined as a serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL 
and <10 mg/dL with mean arterial pressure of >65 mm Hg). 
Informed consent will be obtained from the patient and/or patient’s legally authorized 
representative (LAR) or family member as defined in 21CFR50.3(m).  All patients will 
receive medical care for acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury according to the 
institution’s standards of care.  Standard of care may include, but is not limited to, 
administration 
of 
N-acetylcysteine 
and 
consideration 
for 
orthotopic 
liver 
transplantation. 
 
Up to 36 evaluable patients will be enrolled. An evaluable patient is one who has 
received an infusion of OCR-002 for at least 72 hours. It is expected that not every 
enrolled patient will be treated for at least 72 hours due to transplant, death or early 
hospital discharge. Due to this, we anticipate 25% of the enrolled population will fail to 
reach evaluable status.  Therefore, we plan to enroll up to 50 patients in order 


 
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Study Design 
Continued 
to obtain 36 evaluable patients. Dosing with OCR-002 may be initiated immediately 
after obtaining signed informed consent; or, up to 32 h after obtaining consent should 
the time be necessary to complete any pre-study drug initiation requirements and/or to 
provide a time frame for study drug administration.  
Baseline is immediately prior to the start of the initial infusion.  At Treatment Day 1 - 
Time “0” (T0) and after baseline measurements, patients enrolled at Dose Levels 1 
through 3 will receive an initial infusion rate of OCR-002.  Dose will be escalated to a 
maximum dose of 10g/24h infusion as indicated herein.  Patients receiving Dose Level 
4 will receive the full 20 gm/24 hour dose level from initiation of infusion for a 
maximum time of 120 hours with no further dose escalation, provided the dose level is 
well tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. Titration of dose will depend on 
evidence of safety and tolerability (refer to Treatment section below).   
Patients may have an IV catheter inserted as a safer and easier method for obtaining 
repeated blood sampling and a separate IV for the infusion.  Blood samples for 
measurement of plasma ornithine, phenylacetate and PAGN concentrations will be 
collected at multiple time-points during the infusion period, at the Completion of the 
Last Infusion and up to 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion.  Urine 
will be collected at specific intervals to determine the amount of PAGN excreted.   
Patients will be assessed for safety and tolerability of OCR-002 as well as 
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables during the infusion period, at the 
Completion of the Last Infusion and 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last 
Infusion.  Data on clinical outcomes will also be collected during the study period. 
Safety data will be reviewed by a Safety Review Committee (SRC) operating under an 
approved charter and made up of three ALFSG clinicians who are independent of the 
participating clinical sites and a clinical pharmacologist with experience in PK and 
clinical trials.  Throughout the trial, the SRC will review all safety data at regular 
intervals, and the FDA will receive annual IND reports. 
Supportive Care 
Inotropic support may be used to maintain mean arterial pressure above 65 mm Hg in 
patients who are hypotensive either before or after enrollment.  Dialysis or continuous 
veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), endotracheal intubation and mechanical 
ventilation will be considered as indicated. Cerebral edema will be managed post-
enrollment with mannitol or hypertonic saline per local institutional practices. 
Antibiotic therapy may be initiated and modified as required.  In patients who have 
intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors placed, ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure and mean 
arterial pressure will be recorded continuously and reported hourly. 
Study Drug 
OCR-002 (ornithine phenylacetate) 
Supplied to the Investigator by Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 
Treatment 
 
 
Patients enrolled in Dose Levels 1 through 3 will receive an initial infusion at the 
lowest dose level. The infusion will be escalated in two dosing levels, provided the 
previous dose level is well-tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. If a patient 


 
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Treatment 
Continued 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
experiences CTCAE grade 1 or 2 adverse reactions or intolerance to the assigned dose, 
the investigator may choose to titrate back to the lower tolerated dose and closely 
monitor the patient. The infusion rate and dose may be discontinued if the patient 
experiences CTCAE grade 3 or higher, or any time at the investigator’s discretion. 
Each dose level between 1 and 3 will be administered to Cohort 1 patients and safety 
and PK data reviewed, prior to exposing Cohort 2 patients to the study drug and 
subsequent dosing levels. Dose level 4 will be administered to both Cohort 1 and 2 
beginning simultaneously. 
The dosing levels for Dose Levels 1 through 3 are defined follows: 
Dose Level 1: 
Patients will receive the initial infusion of study drug at 0.139 g/h for the first 12 hours 
(approximately 3.33 g/24h or 6.9 mL/h) and be maintained at this rate for up to 5 days. 
Dose Level 2:   
For patients assigned to this dose level, the infusion will be initiated at 0.139 g/h for 
the first 12 hours (approximately 3.33 g/24h) and increased to 0.277 g/h 
(approximately 6.65 g/24h or 13.8 mL/h) for the remainder of the treatment period. 
Dose Level 3: 
For patients assigned to this dose level, the infusion will be initiated at 0.139 g/h for 
the first 12 hours (approximately 3.33 g/24h), increased to 0.277 g/h (approximately 
6.65 g/24h) for the next 12 hours, and then increased to 0.416 g/h (approximately 10 
g/24h or 20.8 mL/h) for the remainder of the treatment period. 
The dosing level for Dose Level 4 is defined follows: 
Dose Level 4:  
For patients in Cohorts 1 and 2, the infusion of OCR-002 will be initiated at 20g/24hr 
for a maximum time of 120 hours (approximately .83g/h), provided the dose level is 
well tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. 
Initiation of each higher dose for patients in Dose Levels 1 through 3 and continuation 
of study drug administration for patients in Dose Level 4 will occur only if there are 
no treatment emergent SAEs of CTCAE Grade 4 or higher that are not attributed to 
acute liver failure in the opinion of the investigator.  
In all dose levels, if 1 out of the 3 patients within a dose group experiences a treatment 
emergent SAE of CTCAE Grade 3 that is not attributed to acute liver failure, then an 
additional patient will be enrolled into that specific dose group.  Within a given dose 
level, if 2 or more patients experience a treatment emergent SAE of CTCAE Grade 3 
that is not attributed to acute liver failure in the opinion of the investigator, then dose 
escalation (Dose Levels 1 through 3) or continuation of study drug administration 
(Dose Level 4) will stop.  Dose escalation or continuous administration also will stop 
if 1 patient experiences a Grade 4 or higher SAE that is not attributed to acute liver 
failure in the opinion of the investigator.  Otherwise, dose escalation and continuous 
study drug administration will continue to the maximum tolerated dose and the 
remaining enrolled patients will be treated at this dose.  Further details of dose 


 
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Treatment 
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escalation are provided in the protocol. 
The Study Treatment listed below occurs in consecutive order.  After the completion of 
each Dose Level (for each Cohort) the SRC will receive a safety report. 
The first 3 enrolled patients will have minimal renal dysfunction (Cohort 1) and will 
be treated at Dose Level 1 for up to five days.   
If patient safety is confirmed, the next 3 enrolled patients will also have minimal renal 
dysfunction (Cohort 1) and will receive an initial infusion of study drug at 0.139 g/h for 
the first 12 hours.  The dose will be titrated, provided the previous dose level is well-
tolerated with no noteworthy side effects, to the maximum dose in Dose Level 2 for 
108 hours. 
Study enrollment will be paused while the SRC reviews the safety and PK data for the 
first six evaluable Cohort 1 patients. If patient safety is confirmed, the next 3 Cohort 1 
patients (minimal renal dysfunction) will receive an initial infusion of study drug at 
Dose Level 3 for 12 hours.  The dose will be titrated to the maximum dose in Dose 
Level 3, provided previous dose levels are well-tolerated with no noteworthy side 
effects, to the maximum dose in Dose Level 3 for 96 hours.  
In parallel with the enrollment of Cohort 1 patients (minimal renal function) at Dose 
Level 3, three patients with compromised renal function (Cohort 2) will be enrolled 
and treated at Dose Level 1 for five days. 
If patient safety is confirmed, three Cohort 2 patients (compromised renal function) 
may be enrolled and will be treated with an initial infusion at Dose Level 2 for 12 
hours.  The dose will be titrated, provided the previous dose level is well-tolerated 
with no noteworthy side effects, to the maximum dose in Dose Level 2 for 108 hours.  
The SRC will review the safety and PK data for Cohort 1 (minimal renal dysfunction) 
patients who received the study drug at Dose Level 3 and for Cohort 2 patients 
(compromised renal function) who received the study drug at Dose Levels 1 and 2 
prior to enrolling Cohort 2 patients into Dose Level 3.   
Once patient safety has been confirmed by the SRC for Cohort 1 patients in Dose Level 
3, patients in Cohort 1 can begin to enroll into Dose Level 4 (20g/24hr) and will 
receive the full dose level from initiation of infusion for a maximum time of 120 hours, 
provided this dose is well tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. Once safety has 
been confirmed by the SRC for Cohort 2 patients in Dose Level 3, patients in Cohort 2 
can begin to enroll into Dose Level 4 (20g/24hr) and will receive the full dose level 
from initiation of infusion for a maximum time of 120 hours, provided this is well 
tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. If a patient experiences CTCAE grade 1 or 2 
adverse reactions or intolerance to the assigned dose, the investigator may choose to 
titrate to a lower dose in 5 gram increments and closely monitor the patient. The 
infusion rate and dose may be discontinued if the patient experiences CTCAE grade 3 
or higher, or any time at the investigator’s discretion.  
Study 
Up to 36 evaluable male and female patients aged 18 to 65 years (have not reached 


 
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Population 
their 66th birthday) with acute liver failure or severe acute liver injury will participate. 
Key Inclusion 
Criteria 
1. 
Men and women, ages 18-65 (have not reached their 66th birthday). 
2. Acute liver failure, defined as the development of coagulopathy (International 
normalized ratio [INR] ≥1.5) with encephalopathy in a patient with no prior 
history of liver disease with onset of symptoms within 28 days of the inciting 
event. Patients may have either a history of acetaminophen overdose (defined as 
>4 g/day within 7 days of presentation) and/or detectable acetaminophen levels in 
the serum, with a pattern of liver function tests typical for acetaminophen toxicity 
(bilirubin < 10 mg/dL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥1000 IU/L), or a 
diagnosis of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, drug-induced liver injury, autoimmune 
hepatitis or indeterminate cause based on standard criteria; refer to Section 6.2.1 
for the definitions of standard criteria for these diagnoses. 
3. ALI patients may also be enrolled (those meeting the above criteria plus 
coagulopathy (INR ≥ 2.0) and no evidence of encephalopathy and may provide 
consent themselves. 
4. Written informed consent from the patient or patient’s legally authorized 
representative or family member as defined in 21CFR50.3(m)--if he/she has 
evidence of encephalopathy (ALF). 
5. Ammonia level ≥60 µmol/L at baseline (within 8 hrs prior to infusion start time). 
6. Serum creatinine levels as follows: 
 
a. Cohort 1: Creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL; and 
 
b. Cohort 2: Creatinine >1.5 mg/dL and < 10mg/dL. 
7. 
Mean arterial pressure of >65 mmHg. 
Key Exclusion 
Criteria 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. 
History of chronic liver disease 
2. Signs of overt cerebral herniation, or uncontrolled intracranial hypertension by 
ICP monitoring (if applicable) 
3. 
Evidence of Wilson’s disease, alcoholic hepatitis, biliary obstruction, ischemic 
hepatitis, severe acute renal tubular necrosis (ATN) due to shock, or any patient 
with ongoing hypotension 
4. 
Significant gastrointestinal bleeding (coffee grounds per ng tube and/or melena) 
5. 
Hemodynamic instability, defined by a mean arterial pressure of <65 mmHg 
6. 
Cardiopulmonary complications such as pulmonary edema, aspiration 
pneumonia, heart failure 
7. 
QT interval of >500msec at baseline ECG 
8. 
Pregnancy 
9. 
History of malignancy that has not been cured or any cancer in remission for less 
than 1 year.  Non-melanoma skin cancers do not preclude participation in the 
trial. 
10. Concomitant administration of drugs known to interfere with renal excretion of 
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Key Exclusion 
Criteria 
Continued 
such as haloperidol, valproic acid and systemic corticosteroids (prohibited during 
the study). Alternative ammonia modifying agents such as lactulose and rifaximin 
are not considered standard of care and are prohibited during the study period. 
11. Any other health condition that would preclude participation in the study in the 
judgment of the site principal investigator. 
Safety 
Evaluations 
Safety assessments will be performed at: 
- 
Specified time points during the infusion periods (0 to up to 120 h) 
- 
At the Completion of the Last Infusion and 24 hours Following the Completion 
of the Last Infusion 
- 
End of study 
During the infusion period, at the Completion of the Last Infusion and 24 hours 
Following the Completion of the Last Infusion, daily safety assessments will include:  
abbreviated physical examinations, vital signs (blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration 
rate, and body temperature), clinical laboratory tests (hematology and serum 
chemistry), 12-lead ECGs, and reported and observed adverse events. 
At the Day 30 follow up visit, safety assessments (physical, vitals, 
hematology/chemistry) including serious adverse events data will be collected. 
Exploratory 
Efficacy 
Evaluations 
Ammonia concentrations will be collected during the infusion period, at the 
Completion of the Last Infusion, 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last 
Infusion and at the Day 30 post treatment period.  Neurological assessments measured 
by the Glasgow Coma Scale and the West Haven Criteria will be done every 12 or 24 
hours during the entire infusion period.  Orientation log (O- log) assessment will also 
be undertaken in all patients at these time points. 
Concomitant 
Medications 
and Therapy 
All patients will receive or have received, intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 
acetaminophen toxicity. 
Third generation cephalosporins, hypertonic saline and/or mannitol are permitted. 
The use of hypothermia therapy is prohibited during the study. 
Safety Analysis 
All adverse events will be summarized by body system, preferred MedDRA term and 
cohort. Data listings and summaries of severity, relation to treatment and expectedness 
will be provided by cohort. 
Statistical 
Considerations 
This study is not powered to determine statistical significance. Descriptive statistics 
will be used to evaluate safety, exploratory efficacy data, PK and PD. 


 
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3 
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 
3.1 
Introduction 
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disorder affecting an estimated 2000 patients annually in the 
United States (US).  Hepatotoxicity related to the use of acetaminophen is the most common 
etiology of ALF in the US (1). 
Acute liver failure is the result of massive damage to previously normal liver parenchyma with 
resultant loss of liver function.  As the hepatocyte function is lost, the liver loses its ability to 
synthesize proteins and extract circulating toxins. The two cardinal signs of ALF, coagulopathy 
and encephalopathy, represent the loss of the ability to synthesize clotting factors and to 
remove ammonia, respectively. 
Acute liver failure often affects young people and carries a very high mortality.  Only 45% of 
patients with ALF will spontaneously recover. Of the remaining 55%, 30% will die and 25% 
will undergo an emergency liver transplantation.  Emergency liver transplantation in this 
setting has a 90% 1-month survival rate and a 70% 1-year survival rate. Mortality in ALF can 
be due to a variety of factors, including sepsis and multi-organ system failure, but cerebral 
edema due to increased ammonia resulting in intracranial hypertension and brainstem 
herniation is one of the most common causes of death, accounting for 30% of the mortality in 
this population (2). 
There is strong experimental and clinical rationale for the use of ammonia-lowering therapies 
in ALF. Ammonia is normally produced in the gut and transformed by the liver into urea.  As 
the liver fails, ammonia increases in the systemic circulation and enters into the brain. The 
result of a rapid rise in ammonia in the cerebral circulation is hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a 
reversible neuropsychiatric condition that ranges in severity from mild impairment in attention, 
to delirium, coma and death.  A particular concern regarding HE in ALF is that ammonia level 
increases tend to be very rapid. This rapid rise in ammonia does not provide sufficient time for 
brain cells to compensate, with the end result being astrocyte swelling with increased 
intracranial pressure (ICP) and ultimately, death due to brain herniation. An arterial ammonia 
level above 150 μM has been shown to correlate with a poor prognosis, and is almost 
universally indicative of increased intracranial pressure (3). 
Cerebral edema in patients with ALF results from overloading brain astrocytes with ammonia. 
Astrocytes utilize the same mechanism as skeletal muscle to detoxify ammonia (i.e., amidation 
of glutamate to glutamine via glutamine synthetase).  The resulting accumulation of brain 
glutamine results in impaired astrocyte osmoregulation, astrocyte swelling and cerebral edema 
(4-6).  Astrocytes contain counter-regulatory mechanisms to offset increased intracellular 
osmotic pressure, but compensate too slowly in the acute situation. 
Cortical astrocyte swelling is the most common neuropathological observation in post-mortem 
brains of ALF patients. Cerebral edema is found in up to 80% of patients who die of ALF and 
is nearly universal among patients with coma (7).There are clear associations between arterial 
ammonia levels, uncal herniation, and death in patients with ALF (3,8). There is also clear 
evidence of these associations in animal models of ALF(9-12). 
OCR-002 (L-ornithine·phenylacetate) is an ammonia detoxification agent that works by 


 
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eliminating ammonia in the circulation, with the expectation that it will result in a more rapid 
reduction than current therapies, and a lower incidence of cerebral edema. 
3.2 
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics of OCR-002 
Background information on OCR-002 is summarized below.  More detailed information is 
provided in the Investigator’s Brochure. 
 
3.2.1 
Chemistry 
OCR-002 is an ammonia detoxification agent and has the chemical name L-
ornithine·phenylacetate (L-ornithine·benzeneacetate salt (1:1), CAS-RN 952154-79-9).  The 
molecular formula is C8H7O2·C5H13N2O2and OCR-002 has a molecular weight of 268.31 
g/mole. 
OCR-002 drug substance is a new chemical entity and exists as a single crystalline molecular 
structure as an ornithine salt ofphenylacetate as shown below: 
Figure 1:  L-ornithine·phenylacetate 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.2.2 
Summary of Nonclinical Safety Data 
The nonclinical safety of OCR-002 was evaluated in a comprehensive program of in vitro and 
in vivo studies which included evaluation of the potential undesirable pharmacodynamic effects 
of OCR-002 on physiological functions in relation to exposure in the therapeutic range and 
above (safety pharmacology core battery), evaluation of the mutagenic and clastogenic 
potentials of OCR-002 (in vitro test battery for genotoxicity), and evaluation of the short- and 
longer-term functional and morphologic effects associated with OCR-002 exposure in whole 
animal models (mammalian toxicology program). The results of the OCR-002 toxicology 
program indicate a low potential for systemic toxicity in humans.  Please refer to the OCR-002 
Investigator’s Brochure for a detailed discussion. 
Further evidence of safety is provided by over 20 years of clinical experience with Ammonul® 
(sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate) Injection 10%/10% and Hepa-Merz™ (L- 
ornithine L-aspartate).  The safety profiles of these entities are discussed in the Investigator’s 
Brochure. 
3.3 
Rationale for the Study and Dose Selection 
3.3.1 
Rationale for the Study 
There is no established medical therapy for ALF (13).  Investigational agents such as charcoal 


 
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hemoperfusion and administration of prostaglandin E1, which showed early promise, have not 
been shown to be superior to standard of care when analyzed in randomized controlled studies 
(14-17). Plasmapheresis and hepatectomy have been suggested as possible “bridges” to liver 
transplantation but a prospective trial of the former has been presented in abstract form only. 
Hypothermia has been investigated in a total of only 38 patients with ALF, all from Jalan, et al 
(18), and may be an effective bridge to liver transplantation (19). However, therapeutic 
hypothermia has considerable potential adverse effects and has never been shown to increase 
spontaneous (non-transplant) survival. External bio-artificial livers such as the MARS device 
have been employed, but use of these devices remains experimental, and the preliminary results 
have been generally disappointing (20). 
Treatment strategies focusing on the specific underlying conditions are, for the most part, of 
little or no use once ALF has occurred.  Corticosteroids for fulminant autoimmune hepatitis, 
chelation therapy for fulminant Wilson’s disease, and anti-viral therapies for fulminant 
hepatitis B have never been shown to be of benefit in the setting of ALF, and supportive care 
and liver transplantation are the only treatment strategies that can be used in these patients (21-
23). 
One notable exception to this is the use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for ALF due to 
acetaminophen overdose.  NAC, a glutathione donor, is the antidote for acute acetaminophen 
toxicity, and it has been shown to improve outcome in these patients.  Importantly, it is most 
effective if administered within 8-24 hours of the overdose (24), which significantly limits its 
therapeutic impact.  It is mainly of benefit in patients who take an intentional overdose and then 
present rapidly for medical care.  Cases of accidental overdoses often present for medical 
attention after the effective window for NAC has closed. Similarly, patients taking an 
intentional overdose who do not seek care often present too late for NAC to be of maximum 
benefit (25). Recently, a controlled blinded study of NAC has shown evidence that it benefits 
non-acetaminophen-related ALF if given during early stages of encephalopathy (26). 
Thus, for the vast majority of patients with ALF, liver transplantation is the only recognized 
treatment option.  However, some patients cannot be transplanted due to the severity of their 
disease or a concomitant medical condition, and even patients who are listed may die waiting 
for a suitable organ to come available.  Transplantation is far from an ideal treatment, as short-
term survival for patients with ALF is lower than for cirrhosis, with a 90% 1-month survival 
and 70% one-year survival (27, 28).  Transplantation also commits the patient to a lifetime of 
immune-compromising 
and 
toxic 
anti-rejection 
medications. 
 
Additionally, 
some 
neurocognitive sequelae of increased intracranial pressure persist after liver transplantation for 
ALF. 
In summary, therapeutic options in ALF are limited other than supportive care and liver 
transplantation. NAC is appropriate for early presentations of acetaminophen overdose and 
possibly is of value in other forms of ALF.  Management of fluid status, airway protection and 
infection control are important, and, for cerebral edema, mannitol or hypertonic saline are used 
to osmotically draw water from astrocytes, but are temporizing measures (28).  Usually, 
patients with intracranial hypertension who initially respond to mannitol or hypertonic saline 
die of cerebral herniation if not transplanted in short order. 


 
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The above observations provide a strong rationale for using ammonia-lowering therapy in 
patients with ALF. Lactulose is widely used for this purpose in patients with cirrhosis, but has 
not been studied systematically in patients with ALF, and may obscure the surgical field at the 
time of liver transplantation due to gaseous distention of the bowel (28). Poorly absorbable 
antibiotics such as neomycin or rifaximin have also not been studied, and the former carries 
considerable risk of nephrotoxicity. A recent randomized, controlled study of L-ornithine L- 
aspartate (LOLA), a putative ammonia-lowering agent, found no improvement in blood 
ammonia concentrations or survival in patients with ALF (29). However, the rationale 
underlying the use of this agent may be flawed, since the compound provides a substrate 
(ornithine) for the production of glutamate and theoretically may lower ammonia by production 
of glutamine, but does not provide a route of glutamine elimination from the body. Thus, 
glutamine persists in the circulation in patients receiving LOLA, and subsequently may be de-
amidated back to ammonia and glutamate by gut glutaminases (30). 
OCR-002 (ornithine·phenylacetate; OPA) is an ammonia detoxification agent with a better 
rationale for use in patients with hyperammonemia than LOLA. In contrast to LOLA, OPA not 
only provides a substrate for the synthesis of glutamate and thus glutamine, but also a route of 
elimination of glutamine in the urine as phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) (14). The synergistic 
effects of L-ornithine and phenylacetate have been documented in validated pharmacology 
models of liver failure, the devascularized ALF pig and the bile-duct ligated cirrhotic rat (31, 
32). In these animal models, reduction of the central target of OPA, ammonia, correlated with 
improvement in intracranial pressure and frontal brain water, which are associated with HE, as 
well as morbidity and mortality in humans with ALF.  The mechanism supporting elimination 
of glutamine via PAGN in urine has been confirmed in both models and supports the utility of 
the combination therapy for removal of waste nitrogen (ammonia) from the body. Another 
important feature of OPA pertains to the ability of PAGN to be dialyzed (33), a critical 
observation as many patients with ALF develop acute renal failure requiring renal replacement 
therapy. 
Patients with acetaminophen toxicity leading to acute liver injury or liver failure are optimal 
patients for the planned clinical study for several reasons. First, their liver injury is severe and 
occurs very rapidly over a prescribed time course, considered hyperacute (< 7 days) in 
duration. Second, acetaminophen patients comprise a large, relatively homogeneous patient 
group, are typically young and otherwise healthy. Third and most importantly, they are at the 
highest risk for elevated ammonia levels and cerebral edema because of their young age and the 
rapidity of their liver failure. Renal failure can also be observed in this setting, presumed due to 
a direct effect of the drug on the renal tubular cells, and contributes to hyperammonemia and 
the risk of cerebral edema. Although the overall recovery rate is quite high after acetaminophen 
overdose despite the severity of the liver injury, many patients cannot be listed for 
transplantation because of the psychosocial issues which contributed to the overdose. 
In the current protocol, all patients will have been treated with NAC as standard-of-care for 
acetaminophen toxicity. There are no anticipated interactions between NAC and OCR-002 
based on the pharmacology of each compound.  All patients who are enrolled will have 
received appropriate management for acetaminophen toxicity, including N-acetylcysteine 
either oral or intravenous, prior to study enrollment.  In some instances, this will be continued 


 
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during, or may overlap with, the study period.  
This Phase 2a clinical study is designed to provide data on OCR-002 in patients with ALF/ALI 
in regard to: 
(a) safety and tolerability; 
(b) metabolism of the compound to glutamine and phenylacetylglutamine;  
(c) its effect on circulating ammonia levels and neurological function in patients with and 
without impaired renal function after continuous infusion at different infusion rates. 
It is anticipated that this early safety and tolerability study, with appropriate PK/PD data, will 
lead to a development program for the use of OCR-002 in the treatment of hyperammonemia 
either due to ALF or even more generally, for ACLD. 
 
3.3.2 
Rationale for Dose Selection 
Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (Durham, NC) has conducted two clinical trials evaluating safety, 
tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers (n=48) and stable cirrhotic patients 
(n=43).  
Clinical study OCR-002 HE201 was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-
ranging study, evaluating doses (i.v. infusion) of 1, 3, 10, 20 and 30g given over 4h, and 30, 40 
and 60g given over 24h. Following a single ascending dose phase, a multiple ascending dose 
phase (5d of consecutive administration) for doses of 1, 3, 10 and 20g given over 4h was 
assessed. The key findings in this study included: 
There were no deaths, SAE or AE discontinuations in the study. 
A dose related increase in the incidence and severity of adverse events was observed. 
Commonly occurring adverse events that appeared to be related to dose included 
dizziness, somnolence, headache, nausea/vomiting and tinnitus. 
There was no evidence to suggest that AEs increased or new AEs occur with multiple 
dosing. 
With respect to blood pressure, there were no apparent trends from placebo with 
respect to mean changes from baseline; however at dose levels ≥20g/4h, several 
patients experienced clinically significant orthostatic hypotension. 
There appeared to be a dose and exposure related increase in mean heart rate starting 
at a dose level of 10g/4 h and higher. These effects also persisted for longer periods in 
the higher dose groups. 
20g administered over 4 h was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), however, doses 
of 10g/4h and below were well tolerated. 
24h Holter monitor recording identified a dose-related increase in heart rate 
accompanied by modest effects on ventricular repolarization as measured by QT. 
These effects should be interpreted with caution in light of the small sample size and 
higher heart rates observed in this study. 
There were no clinically significant abnormal laboratory parameters and no patient 
had any clinically significant changes in physical examination findings or mean 


 
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change in body weight between baseline and follow up. 
Doses higher than 10g/4h are associated with adverse effects that may be rate and 
Cmax related and are likely associated with the non-linear pharmacokinetic profile of 
phenylacetate above 10 g. 
A slower infusion rate (24hr-infusion) avoids Cmax related adverse effects while 
providing similar excretion of PAGN. 
In aggregate, these studies supported an initial study using a 10g/24 hours dose of OCR-002 as 
suitable for an early phase study in ALF patients. As STOP-ALF represents the first study of 
OCR-002 conducted in patients with ALF, the administration of the study drug in three 
ascending dose levels (Dose Levels 1 through 3) will be implemented as follows and in the 
protocol for up to 24 evaluable subjects: 
The maximum target infusion rate will be 0.42g/h, which is equivalent to 10g 
administered over 24h. 
The infusion rate will be staged for each patient. The initial infusion rate will be 0.14g/h 
(33% of target dose). The dose will be then increased to 0.28g/h (66% target), and 
0.42g/h (100% target) in successive 12h intervals based on a patient safety evaluation 
by the Investigator. 
Patient safety and tolerability at an increased loading dose are supported by the pharmacokinetic 
data and plasma ammonia levels obtained from the ongoing clinical study Phase 2 OP-GIB 
conducted in Spain, in which cirrhotic patients with active gastrointestinal hemorrhage receive 
double-blind treatment, i.e., placebo or OCR-002 at 10 g per 24 hours as a constant intravenous 
infusion for 5 days.  
Ocera began over a year ago a large ongoing trial of OCR-002 in hospitalized patients with 
cirrhosis and associated hyperammonemia (OCR002-HE209, STOP-HE). In STOP-HE, a 
placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety, 
pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenously-administered OCR-002 in resolving 
neurocognitive symptoms of acute HE in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with elevated ammonia, 
either OCR-002 or placebo is administered to patients intravenously for up to five days along 
with standard of care, at doses of 20, 15, or 10 grams over 24 hours based on the patient's degree 
of liver impairment. In this study, there is no ascending or loading dose being implemented.  
Therefore, up to 12 additional evaluable patients will be enrolled at Dose Level 4 as listed 
below: 
Dose Level 4: For patients assigned to this dose level, the infusion will be initiated at 
the full dose level of 20g/24hr for a maximum time of 120 hours (approximately 
.83g/h), provided the dose level is well tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. 
 
 


 
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4 
OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS 
4.1 
Objectives 
4.1.1 
Primary Objective 
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of OCR-002 in patients with acute liver failure/severe 
acute liver injury. 
Hypothesis: Treatment with OCR-002 is safe and tolerable in patients with acute liver 
failure/acute liver injury. 
 
4.1.2 
Secondary Objectives 
To evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of OCR-002 in 
patients with impaired and minimal renal dysfunction using urinary PAGN as a surrogate 
marker. 
Hypothesis: A dose of 10-20g/24h (0.42-.83g/h) will achieve steady state plasma 
concentrations within 6-12h with little additional accumulation in the ALI/ALF setting. 
To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on ammonia levels in patients with acute liver 
failure/severe acute liver injury. 
Hypothesis:  Treatment with OCR-002 will reduce ammonia levels in patients with 
ALI/ALF. 
To evaluate the effect of OCR-002 on neurological function in patients with acute liver 
failure/severe acute liver injury. 
Hypothesis:  Treatment with OCR-002 will improve neurological function in patients 
with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury. 
 
4.2 
Endpoints 
4.2.1 
Safety Endpoints 
Safety assessments will include:  abbreviated physical examinations, vital signs (blood 
pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, and body temperature), clinical laboratory tests 
(hematology and serum chemistry), 12-lead ECGs, and reported and observed adverse 
events. 
 
4.2.2 
Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints 
- Ammonia concentrations. 
- Neurological assessment will be measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale, the West Haven 
Criteria, and the Orientation log (O-log) (34). 
 
5 
INVESTIGATIONAL PLAN 
5.1 
Study Design 
This is a Phase 2a, multi-center, open-label study, conducted in two cohorts in patients 


 
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diagnosed with acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury (ALF/ALI) who meet 
inclusion/exclusion criteria.  The acetaminophen adduct assay will be used as an additional test 
for equivocal or presumed cases of acetaminophen  toxicity, where the history is not 
substantiated and the assay for acetaminophen itself proves to be negative.   
Up to 36 evaluable patients are planned to be enrolled in two cohorts: 
Cohort 1 will include patients with ALF/ALI with minimal renal dysfunction at the time of 
enrollment (defined as serum creatinine ≤1.5mg/dL and mean arterial pressure of >65 
mmHg). 
Cohort 2 will include patients with ALF/ALI with compromised renal function (defined as a 
serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL and <10mg/dL) and mean arterial pressure of >65 mmHg.   
Informed consent will be obtained from the patient and/or patient’s legally authorized 
representative or family member [as defined in 21CFR50.3(m)]. All patients will receive 
medical care for acute liver failure/severe acute liver injury according to the institution’s 
standards of care.  Standard of care may include, but is not limited to, administration of NAC 
and consideration for orthotopic liver transplantation.  All patients in Cohort 2 with a serum Cr 
level of ≥2.0 will be considered for placement on continuous veno-venous hemodialysis 
(CVVHD) for an appropriate interval as standard of care for this condition. 
The initial dose of OCR-002 will be initiated once consent is obtained, all eligibility criteria are 
confirmed to be met and all baseline measurements have been completed.  The infusion may 
begin after obtaining signed informed consent; or, up to 32 h after obtaining consent should the 
time be necessary to complete any pre-study drug initiation requirements and/or to provide a 
time frame for study drug administration.  
Treatment Day 1-Time “0” (T0) is the start of the initial infusion.  At this time, each patient in 
Dose Levels 1 through 3 will receive an initial infusion rate of OCR-002; thereafter, up and 
down titration decisions will be based on patient tolerability, clinical safety assessments (refer 
to Treatment below), and the patient’s status within the assigned dose level.  Each dose 
escalation will be administered to Cohort 1 patients and safety and PK data reviewed and 
approved by the SRC prior to exposing Cohort 2 patients to the study drug and subsequent 
dosing levels.  A dedicated intravenous infusion line for the study drug is the recommended 
option. 
The SRC will review all safety and PK data for the first six evaluable Cohort 1 patients at Dose 
Level 1 and at Dose Level 2 to determine if Cohort 2 patients may be enrolled to receive study 
drug at Dose Level 1.   
If patient safety is confirmed, three Cohort 1 patients may be enrolled to receive study drug 
escalation to Dose Level 3.  Concurrent with enrollment of Cohort 1 patients in Dose Level 3, 
three Cohort 2 patients may be enrolled at Dose Level 1.  If patient safety is confirmed for 
Cohort 2 Dose Level 1, three Cohort 2 patients may be enrolled at Dose Level 2. 
Once three Cohort 1 patients complete Dose Level 3, the SRC will review the safety and PK 
data in both Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 patients.  If patient safety is confirmed in both Cohorts and 
at each dosing level, enrollment will be open to both Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 patients to receive 
Dose Level 3. 


 
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After at least three evaluable Cohort 1 patients complete Dose Level 3 and the data are 
reviewed by the SRC, Cohort 1 patients may be enrolled to receive study drug at Dose Level 4. 
Similarly, after at least three evaluable Cohort 2 patients complete Dose Level 3, Cohort 2 
patients may be enrolled to receive study drug at Dose Level 4, once the safety and PK data are 
reviewed and approved by the SRC.  
Patients may have an IV catheter inserted for ease of obtaining safety, PK and PD blood 
sampling.  Blood samples for measurement of plasma ornithine, phenylacetate and PAGN 
concentrations will be collected at multiple time-points during the infusion period, at the 
Completion of the Last Infusion, and 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion.  
Urine samples will be collected at specific intervals to determine the amount of PAGN 
excreted/synthesized. 
Patients will be assessed for safety and exploratory efficacy of OCR-002 as well as 
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables for up to a 6-day period which includes up to 
5 days (maximum of 120 h) of infusion, at the Completion of the Last Infusion, and at 24 hours 
Following the Completion of the Last Infusion.  Patients also will be assessed at the Day 30 
post treatment period.  The total intended enrollment is approximately 18 patients with 
minimal renal dysfunction and approximately 18 with compromised renal function. Enrollment 
will be discontinued when 36 evaluable patients are enrolled.  
Supportive Care 
Inotropic support may be used to maintain mean arterial pressure above 65 mmHg in patients 
who are hypotensive either before or after enrollment.  Dialysis or continuous veno-venous 
hemofiltration (CVVH), endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation will be considered 
as indicated. Cerebral edema will be managed according to local practice with mannitol or 
hypertonic saline. Antibiotic therapy may be initiated and modified as required.   In patients 
who have intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors placed, as determined by standard of care at 
each institution, the ICP (if available) and cerebral perfusion pressure will be monitored 
continuously, in addition to the mean arterial pressure, and reported hourly during the period of 
active study drug infusion. 
5.2 
Continuous Infusion Rate Adjustments 
OCR-002 will be infused intravenously (IV) for up to 5 days (0 to 120 h).  The Dosing regimen 
for Cohorts 1 and 2 is as follows: 
Dose Level 1:  Patients will receive the initial infusion of study drug at 0.139 g/h for the first 
12 h (approximately 3.33 g/24h) and maintained at this rate for up to 120h.   
Dose Level 2:  Patients will receive an initial infusion of study drug at a dose of 0.139 g/h for 
the first 12 hours (approximately 3.33 g/24h).  The dose will be increased to 0.277 g/h for the 
next 108h (approximately 6.65 g/24h), and maintained at this rate for the remaining treatment 
period, provided the previous dose level is well- tolerated with no noteworthy side effects and 
no safety signals are apparent.   
Dose Level 3:  Patients will receive an initial infusion of study drug at a dose of 0.139 g/h for 
the first 12 h (approximately 3.33 g/24h).  The dose will be increased to 0.277 g/h for the next 
12 hours, and then increased to 0.416 g/h (approximately 10 g/24h) and maintained at this rate 


 
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for the remaining treatment period, provided previous dose levels are well- tolerated with no 
noteworthy side effects and no safety signals are apparent. 
Dose Level 4:  Patients will receive an infusion of study drug at a dose of 20g/24h from 
initiation of infusion for a maximum time of 120 hours, provided the dose level is well 
tolerated with no noteworthy side effects and no safety signals are apparent. 
If a patient experiences CTCAE grade 1 or 2 adverse reactions or intolerance to the assigned 
dose, the investigator may choose to titrate to a lower dose in 5g increments and closely 
monitor the patient. The infusion rate and dose may be discontinued if the patient experiences 
CTCAE grade 3 or higher, or any time at the investigator’s discretion.  (See Section 9.7 of the 
protocol for details on safety review, dose escalation and trial stopping criteria.) 
 
6 
PATIENT POPULATION 
6.1 
Number of Sites and Patients 
The study will be conducted at between 6 to 12 centers in the US that are experienced, high- 
volume sites in the ALF Study Group. All patients enrolled in the therapy trial will have been 
enrolled in the ALFSG registry. Up to 36 evaluable male and female patients aged 18 to 65 
years with ALI/ALF will be enrolled into two cohorts.  Each patient may participate in only 
one cohort.  For each patient, the study duration will be approximately 32 days, including 
Screening, Baseline, up to 5 days of treatment, the Completion of the Last Infusion, a 24 hours 
Following the Completion of the Last Infusion, and a post treatment period on Day 30 
(approximately 30 days after Treatment Day 1-T0 unless terminated early from the trial). 
 
6.2 
Selection Criteria 
6.2.1 
Inclusion Criteria 
1. Men and women, ages 18-65 (have not reached their 66th birthday). 
2. Acute liver failure, defined as the development of coagulopathy (International 
normalized ratio [INR] ≥1.5) with encephalopathy in a patient with no prior history of 
liver disease, with onset of symptoms within 28 days of the inciting event. Patients may 
have either a history of acetaminophen overdose (defined as >4 g/day within 7 days of 
presentation) and/or detectable acetaminophen levels in the serum, with a pattern of 
liver function tests typical for acetaminophen toxicity (bilirubin < 10 mg/dL and 
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥1000 IU/L), or a diagnosis of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, 
drug-induced liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis or indeterminate cause based on 
standard criteria. Standard criteria for these diagnoses are as follows: 
• hepatitis A, defined as positive anti-HAV IgM; 
• hepatitis B, defined as positive anti-HBc IgM and positive HBsAg; 
• autoimmune hepatitis, defined as follows: 
o Globulins elevated > 1.5X ULN;  
o ANA, ASMA or LKMA positive in titer of at least 1:80;  
o Negative serology for viruses associated with acute or chronic hepatitis; and/or 


 
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o Liver biopsy showing CAH;   
• drug-induced liver injury, defined as presumed injury by a likely agent, with other 
causes excluded; or 
• indeterminate cause, defined as 
o the exclusion of all the diagnoses listed in the Selection Criteria (see Section 
6.2), including: 
o Budd-Chiari; 
o Hepatitis C, E, delta, drug-induced hepatitis; 
o mushroom intoxication; and 
o other viruses, defined as follows: 
• HSV: anti-HSV IgM positive and anti-HSV IgG negative and four fold 
increase between acute and convalescent sera and HSV seen in liver tissue; 
• EBV: anti-EBV IgM or EBV seen in liver tissue; and 
• CMV: anti-CMV IgM positive and anti-CMV IgG negative and four fold 
increase between acute and convalescent sera or CMV seen in liver tissue. 
3. ALI patients may also be enrolled (those meeting the above criteria plus coagulopathy 
(INR ≥ 2.0) and no evidence of encephalopathy). 
4. Written informed consent from the patient (ALI) or patient’s legally authorized 
representative or family member if he/she is considered encephalopathic (ALF). 
5. Ammonia level ≥60 µmol/L at baseline (within 8h prior to T0/initiation of infusion). 
6. Serum creatinine levels as follows: 
a.   Cohort 1: Creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL; and 
b.   Cohort 2: Creatinine >1.5 mg/dL and <10mg/dL. 
7. Mean arterial pressure of >65 mmHg. 
 
6.2.2 
Exclusion Criteria 
1. History of chronic liver disease. 
2. Signs of overt cerebral herniation, or uncontrolled intracranial hypertension by ICP 
monitoring (if applicable). 
3. Evidence of Wilson’s disease, alcoholic hepatitis, biliary obstruction, ischemic 
hepatitis, severe acute renal tubular necrosis (ATN) due to shock, or any patient with 
ongoing hypotension. 
4. Significant gastrointestinal bleeding (coffee grounds per nasogastric tube and/or 
melena). 
5. Hemodynamic instability, defined by a mean arterial pressure of <65 mmHg. 
6. Cardiopulmonary complications such as pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia, heart 
failure. 
7. QT interval of >500msec at baseline ECG. 
8. Pregnancy. 
9. History of malignancy that has not been cured or any cancer in remission for less than 1 
year.  Non-melanoma skin cancers do not preclude participation in the trial. 


 
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10. Concomitant administration of drugs known to interfere with renal excretion of 
phenylacetylglutamine or those medications that may induce hyperammonemia such as 
haloperidol, valproic acid and systemic corticosteroids (prohibited during the study).  
Alternative ammonia modifying agents such as lactulose and rifaximin are not 
considered standard of care and are prohibited during the study period.  
11. Any other health condition that would preclude participation in the study in the 
judgment of the principal investigator. 
 
6.3 
Informed Consent and Enrollment 
6.3.1 
Informed Consent 
The Investigator will select patients in accordance with eligibility criteria detailed in 
Section 6.2.  Prior to the study, for patients with ALF, the patient’s legally authorized 
representative or family member will receive a comprehensive explanation of the proposed 
treatment including the nature and risks of the study, any known AEs, the investigational 
status of the components, and the other elements that are part of obtaining proper informed 
consent.  The patient and/or the patient’s legally authorized representative or family 
member will also receive a detailed explanation of the proposed use and disclosure of their 
protected health information. After having the nature and risks of the study explained to 
them, the patient and/or the legally authorized representative or family member will be 
allowed sufficient time to consider participation in the study. Patients who meet criteria for 
ALI are, by definition, not encephalopathic and will be able to consent for enrollment 
without additional consents being obtained from a legally authorized representative or 
family member, although both consents may be obtained. 
For those with ALF, the patient’s legally authorized representative or family member must 
provide written informed consent and provide authorization to disclose the patient’s 
protected health information in order to enroll in the study.  The informed consent process 
will be conducted per institutional protocol and in compliance with applicable IRB 
requirements. Written informed consent must be obtained from the patient’s legally 
authorized representative or family member before any study related activities are 
conducted.  The Investigator must retain all original signed and dated informed consent 
forms (ICF’s) (together with any subsequent IRB-approved amended versions) in the 
patient’s file.  A copy of the original signed and dated ICF (and any amendments) must be 
provided to the patient and/or the patient’s legally authorized representative or family 
member.  
If any new information that significantly bears on the patient’s risk after receiving the study 
drug becomes available, the new information will be communicated by the Investigator to 
the patient and the patient’s legally authorized representative or family member.  The ICF 
will be updated and patient’s legally authorized representative or family member will be re-
consented if necessary (e.g., if patient still in the study and/or local IRB requires re-
consent). 
 


 
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6.3.2 
Enrollment 
Patients will be considered enrolled into the study once informed consent has been 
obtained, all eligibility criteria are met, and the study drug infusion has been initiated. A 
study identification number will be assigned by the computer system that houses the study 
database.  A Screen Failure Log will be maintained to capture basic information on all 
patients screened for the study but who failed to be enrolled. This would include 
demographic information and the reasons for failure to enroll. 
 
6.3.3 
Withdrawal of Consent 
The patient or the patient’s legally authorized representative or family member is free to 
withdraw participation in the study at any time and without prejudice to further treatment. 
The investigator must withdraw any patient from the study if requested.  If a patient 
withdraws consent then no further research data can be collected.  Data collected up to the 
date of the consent withdrawal will be included in the analysis. 
 
6.3.4 
Discontinuation of Study Treatment 
An Investigator may discontinue a patient’s treatment at any time to protect the patient’s 
safety.  Reasons that patients may have treatment discontinued include, but are not limited 
to the following: 
Prolongation of Qt/Qtc interval of >60 msec over baseline or a Qt/Qtc interval above 
500 msec;  
Evidence of torsades de pointe phenomenon; 
Grade 3 or higher CTCAE toxicity not attributed to acute liver failure in the opinion of 
the investigator; 
Neutropenia with absolute neutrophil count <500/cumm or platelet count 
<20,000/cumm, or an increase in serum Cr to a value of >10mg/dL; 
Liver transplantation during the study treatment; 
Withdrawal of informed consent by the patient or patient’s legally authorized 
representative or family member; 
In the case of interruption of infusion for any reason, the study drug will not be restarted 
if more than 2 hours has elapsed; 
Evidence of shock; and 
Evidence of kidney injury related to study drug will invoke consideration of 
discontinuation of the study drug. 
 
6.3.5 
Follow-up of Patients with Discontinuation of Study Treatment 
Patients who had an early discontinuation of study treatment will continue to be followed 
carefully through the 30-day study period unless consent is withdrawn.  The follow-up may 
include the following: 
Additional safety laboratory tests and/or other investigations; 
Continued confinement in the ICU or hospital; and 


 
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Obtaining a specialist’s opinion. 
 
7 
STUDY DRUG AND ADMINISTRATION 
7.1 
Identity of Study Drug 
The chemical name for OCR-002 is ornithine phenylacetate; (L-ornithine·benzeneacetate salt 
(1:1), CAS-RN 952154-79-9). The molecular formula is C8H7O2·C5H13N2O2. 
7.2 
Packaging, Supply and Labeling of Study Drug 
The OCR-002 study drug will be supplied by Ocera Therapeutics, Inc. (Ocera) as a sterile 
small volume parenteral in single-use, 50 mL vials (200 mg/mL, 10g/vial) with a pH of 
approximately 6.6. Each vial contains a 1:1 molar concentration of ornithine phenylacetate in 
sterile water for injection with no other excipients.  
The OCR-002 drug product in the vials must be diluted prior to use and is NOT intended for 
direct injection. The product will be supplied as a 4-fold hypertonic concentrate and requires 
dilution under aseptic conditions prior to use. Total volume of the i.v. infusion preparation is 
targeted to 500 mL. 
Instructions will be provided to the clinical study site by Ocera that will further detail the 
preparation, labeling, and storage of OCR-002 in a Manual of Operations. The Manual will 
also instruct the pharmacist regarding preparation time before the start of the IV infusion on 
each infusion day, which should be as short as possible to assure maintenance of sterility given 
need for compounding (infusions must be prepared each day). 
7.3 
Storage, Handling and Dispensing 
Vials of OCR-002 will be sent to the participating clinical site Investigator using standard, 
monitored, cold shipping methods. A Study Drug Shipping and Accountability Log will be 
maintained for all study drug shipped to any participating clinical site. Study drug will be 
stored in a secure area at the investigative site to prevent unauthorized access. Vials of OCR-
002 should be stored at controlled refrigerated conditions of 2-8°C. A pharmacist or designee 
will prepare the IV infusion of OCR-002.  The infusion bags will be labeled by the pharmacist 
with the following as a minimum: study number, patient number, and dose. 
7.3.1 
Accountability Procedures and Return or Destruction of Clinical Supplies 
All study drug supplies will be used only in this clinical study and must not be used for any 
other purpose.  The Investigator and/or designated study pharmacist must ensure that the 
supplies are stored in a secured area, with access limited to authorized study personnel.  
The Investigator is responsible for the accountability of study drug, including reconciliation 
and record maintenance at the clinical study site. In accordance with all applicable 
regulatory requirements, the Investigator or designated site staff must maintain study drug 
accountability records throughout the study, including a record of the dates and amounts of 
study drug received, amount dispensed, and the amount unused. 
A Drug Dispensing Log will be maintained and contain, at minimum, the following 


 
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information: 
Identification of the patient for whom the infusion was prepared, including the patient 
identification number assigned for the study. 
Date and quantity of drug prepared for each patient. 
Any product accidentally or deliberately destroyed. 
The inventory must be available for inspection during the study by the study monitor.  All 
study drug supplies (used and unused) will be accounted for on the Study Drug 
Accountability Log. 
Following reconciliation, the empty or partially used vials should be destroyed according to 
the standard operating procedures (SOPs) established by the study site or governing 
institution.  The Investigator will document the destruction of any study drug supplies. 
At the end of the study, unused drug supplies will be destroyed by the Investigator 
according to local procedures, provided that such disposition does not expose humans to 
risks from study drug.  Records shall be maintained by the Investigator of any such 
disposition of study drug, which must show the identification and quantity of each unit 
disposed of, the method of destruction (taking into account the requirements of local law), 
and the person who disposed of study drug. 
7.4 
Timing of Dosing and Administration of OCR-002 Infusion 
Study drug dosing should be initiated as soon as possible upon admission to the registry but only 
after obtaining informed consent, ensuring all eligibility criteria are confirmed to be met and 
completing the initial baseline evaluation period.  The window between obtaining informed 
consent and initiation of OCR-002 infusion may be up to 32 hrs in order to complete any pre-
study drug initiation requirements and/or to provide a time frame for study drug administration. 
Each cohort will receive a continuous infusion of OCR-002 for up to 5 days (between 0 to 120 
hours).  
7.5 
Treatment Compliance 
Staff of the clinical study unit will supervise the IV infusion of study drug. The date and time 
of infusion start, infusion stop, and the total volume administered will be documented in the 
source records. In the case of interruption of infusion for any reason, the study drug will not be 
restarted if more than 2 hours has elapsed. If for any reason the infusion is interrupted or 
stopped prior to the full administration, the times and circumstances of the 
interruption/stoppage will be recorded.  It is anticipated that patients will continue to remain in 
the hospital for a minimum of three days after start of study. 
7.6 
Prior and Concomitant Medications 
Throughout the study, the Investigator may prescribe concomitant medications deemed 
necessary to provide adequate supportive care.  Standard therapy will include, but is not limited 
to, the administration of NAC, third generation cephalosporins, hypertonic saline and mannitol. 
All concomitant medications taken during treatment must be recorded in the source documents 
and transcribed onto the appropriate pages of the CRF. 


 
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Concomitant administration of drugs known to interfere with renal excretion of 
phenylacetylglutamine or those medications that may induce hyperammonemia, such as 
haloperidol, valproic acid and systemic corticosteroids, are prohibited during the study. 
Alternative ammonia modifying agents such as lactulose and rifaximin are not considered 
standard of care and their use is prohibited during the study period, as is the use of 
therapeutic hypothermia. However, spontaneous (non-induced) hypothermia of a mild-to-
moderate degree does not require correction. 
7.7 
Precautions, Contraindications and Warnings 
Adverse events should be treated in accordance with standard clinical practice. Appropriate 
emergency medication and equipment must be available during the confinement periods, 
together with personnel trained to deal with medical emergencies. The Investigator (or other 
co-investigator on the study team) must be readily available at all times until patients have 
completed the treatment period. 
Prior to hospital discharge, patients will be evaluated to determine if there are any clinically 
significant changes from baseline.  Patients with significant findings must remain in the 
hospital for further observation and/or treatment until the condition is either explained, 
resolved, or no longer requires close observation. Any patient who develops an SAE will be 
followed until a probable diagnosis and the relationship to study drug have been determined, 
and until the AE has resolved, no longer requires further follow-up, or a new chronic baseline 
has been established. 
 
8 
STUDY PROCEDURES BY STUDY DAY 
The procedures and evaluations at each visit are outlined below. 
8.1 
Screening 
Patients will be evaluated for entry into the study according to the stated inclusion and 
exclusion criteria.  Individuals who are identified during screening as not eligible for the study 
need not complete all screening procedures. The reason for ineligible status will be documented 
on the Screen Failure Log. 
The following procedures will be obtained or performed to evaluate each patient’s general 
health and qualifications for participation in the study:  
• Demographic information including gender, date of birth, race and ethnicity; 
• Medical and medication history over the past 30 days, including prescription and non-
prescription over-the-counter medications, herbal medications, vitamins, and minerals; 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia* and in 
female patients, a pregnancy test**; 
* Venous sampling is the protocol-preferred method of collection for ammonia 
samples.  Arterial ammonia samples will be accepted if this is the available 
method; however, this same method should be used for all subsequent ammonia 
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**Urine pregnancy test or blood human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is acceptable. 
• Urinalysis***; 
***Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Physical examination, including height and weight (body mass index will be calculated 
based on these variable), and vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, 
respiratory rate, body temperature); 
• 12-lead ECG; 
• Neurological battery, including 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and  
o O-Log Scale; 
• Review inclusion and exclusion criteria; and 
• Signed, written informed consent.  
The start of the initial infusion may begin after obtaining signed informed consent; or, up to 32 
h after obtaining consent should the time be necessary to complete any pre-study drug initiation 
requirements and/or to provide a time frame for study drug administration.  Patients will be 
considered enrolled once the informed consent has been obtained, all eligibility criteria have 
been met, and the study drug infusion initiated.   
8.2 
Assessments at Baseline 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia* and 
PK*; 
*The ammonia and plasma PK samples must be taken not more than 8 hours prior 
to the start of the initial study drug infusion. Venous sampling is the protocol-
preferred method of collection for ammonia samples.  Arterial ammonia samples 
will be accepted if this is the available method; however, this same method should 
be used for all subsequent ammonia samples for the patient. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery**, including 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
**Neurological exams at the Baseline visit should be performed within 8 hours prior 
to the start of the initial study drug infusion.   
• 12-lead ECG;*** 
***The ECG at the Baseline visit should be completed prior to the start of the initial 
study drug infusion. 
8.3 
Assessments during Study Treatment 
Treatment Day 1 - Time “0” (T0) 


 
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Treatment Day 1-T0 is the start of the initial study drug infusion.  At this time, each patient will 
receive an initial infusion rate of OCR-002; thereafter, up and down titration decisions will be 
based on the patient’s tolerance of the study drug infusion, no noteworthy side effects, as well 
as their Cohort dosing level assignment into the study. The following additional procedures and 
evaluations are conducted at Treatment Day 1–T0 once the study drug infusion begins:   
• OCR-002 Initial Infusion: 
Dose Levels 1 through 3: initial infusion rate of 0.139 g/hour for the first 12 hours; 
continuation at this infusion rate for more than the first 12 hours is dependent on the 
patient’s tolerance of the infusion, no noteworthy side effects, and the patient’s Cohort 
dosing level assignment. 
Dose Level 4: initiate infusion rate at the full dose level of 20g/24h (approximately 
.83g/h) without further dose escalation for a maximum time of 120 hours provided the 
dose level is well tolerated with no noteworthy side effects. 
• Urinalysis*; 
*Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated.  
• Begin 0-12h urine collection interval;  
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• Begin continuous AE review and reporting. 
Each event scheduled for this time point and subsequent time points during the treatment period 
has a collection window of +/- 3 hours with reference to Treatment Day 1-T0 as time of start of 
initial study drug infusion, with the exception of ammonia sampling, which has a collection 
window of +/- 1 hour. 
 
Treatment Day 1 at 6 hrs  
• Ammonia collection; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable);  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable);  
• Document urine volume; and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
Treatment Day 1 at 12 hrs 
• OCR-002 Infusion for Dose Level 2 (the infusion rate will increase to 0.277 g/hour for 
the remainder of the study; for Dose Level 3, the infusion rate will increase to 0.277 
g/hour for the next 12 hours), provided previous dose levels are well tolerated with no 
noteworthy side effects and the patient’s Cohort dosing level assignment. 
Dose Level 4 - continue on maintenance infusion of OCR-002; 


 
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• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); 
• 12-lead ECG*; 
*The ECG should be completed prior to study drug escalation on Treatment Day 1 
at 12 Hours (Dose Levels 2 and 3). 
• Document urine volume, take a sample from 0-12h urine volume, and begin 12-24h 
collection interval; and 
• AE review and reporting.  
 
Treatment Day 1 at 18 hrs 
• Ammonia collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting.  
 
End of Treatment Day 1 at 24 hrs / Day 2 at 0 h 
• OCR-002 Infusion for Level 3 dosing only (the infusion rate will be increased to 0.416 
g/hour for the remainder of the study), provided previous dose levels are well tolerated 
with no noteworthy side effects and the patient’s Cohort dosing level assignment. 
Dose Level 4 - continue on maintenance infusion of OCR-002; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Urinalysis*; 
*Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG**; 
**The ECG should be completed prior to study drug escalation on Treatment Day 2 
at 0 Hours (Dose Levels 2 and 3). 


 
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• Document urine volume, take a sample from 12-24h urine volume, and start 24-36h 
collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
Treatment Day 2 at 6 hrs  
• Ammonia collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting.  
 
Treatment Day 2 at 12 hrs 
• Continue on maintenance infusion of OCR-002; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
O Glasgow Coma Scale; 
O West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG; 
• Document urine volume, take a sample from 24-36h urine volume, and start 36-48h urine 
collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
Treatment Day 2 at 18 hrs 
• Ammonia collection;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
End of Treatment Day 2 at 24 hrs/ Day 3 at 0 h 
• Continue on maintenance infusion of OCR-002; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 


 
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• Urinalysis*; 
*Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG; 
• Document urine volume, take a sample from 36-48h urine volume, and start 48-72h urine 
collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
Treatment Day 3 at 12 hrs 
• Ammonia collection; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
End of Treatment Day 3 at 72 Hours / Day 4 at 0 h 
• Continue on maintenance infusion of OCR-002; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Urinalysis*; 
*Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG; 


 
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• Document urine volume, take a sample from 48-72h urine volume, and start 72-96h urine 
collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting. 
 
End of Treatment Day 4 at 96 Hours / Day 5 at 0 h 
• Continue on maintenance infusion of OCR-002; 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Urinalysis*; 
* Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG; 
• 
Document urine volume, take a sample from 72-96h urine volume, and start next 24 96-
120h urine collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting.  
 
Completion of the Last Infusion (at time infusion is stopped) 
The following assessments should be administered on all patients who received an infusion of 
the study drug, including those patients who received the full course of study drug treatment and 
those patients who do not complete the entire course of study drug treatment. 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Urinalysis*; 
* Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG; 


 
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• 
Document urine volume, take a sample from 96-120h urine volume, and start 120-144h 
urine collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting.  
 
24 hours Following Completion of the Last Infusion  
The following assessments should be administered on all patients who received an infusion of 
the study drug, including those patients who received the full course of study drug treatment and 
those patients who do not complete the entire course of study drug treatment. 
• Collection of concomitant medications (if applicable); 
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia and PK; 
• Urinalysis*; 
* Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment, if clinically indicated. 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• 12-lead ECG; 
• 
Document urine volume and take a sample from 120-144h urine volume; end urine 
collection; 
• Continuous monitoring and collection of mean arterial pressure;  
• Continuous monitoring and collection of intracranial pressure (ICP) (if applicable); and 
• AE review and reporting.  
8.4 
Follow Up or Early Termination  
A safety follow-up visit will be performed approximately 30 days from Treatment Day 1-T0 
(start of infusion) for all patients who completed the study drug infusion period or who 
discontinued the study drug infusions but remain in the study.   
• Collection of blood for hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, ammonia; 
• Vital signs and abbreviated physical exam; 
• Neurological battery, including: 
o Glasgow Coma Scale; 
o West-Haven Scale; and 
o O-Log Scale; 
• Review and reporting of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs).* 
* Non-serious adverse events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) are collected 
from Treatment Day 1 at T0 through 24 hours Following Completion of the Last 


 
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Infusion.  After the 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion time point, 
only SAEs are collected through the Day 30 post treatment period.   
 
9 
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS 
Details for safety assessments will be recorded in both the CRF and the patient’s source 
documents. During the study, the Investigator or study site personnel will be responsible for 
querying and recording AEs and SAEs.  Adverse events will be recorded from the start of the 
initial administration of OCR-002 (Treatment Day 1-T0) until 24 hours Following the 
Completion of the Last Infusion. Serious adverse events will be recorded from Treatment Day 
1-T0 through the remainder of the study period. AEs will be evaluated by the Investigator for 
severity, seriousness, and relationship to study drug as outlined below. Untoward medical 
events which occur after signature of the informed consent but before study drug 
administration will be recorded as medical history. 
9.1 
Adverse Events 
9.1.1 
Adverse Event Definition 
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans, whether or not considered drug related.  
An adverse event:  
• can be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory 
finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of the 
medicinal product whether or not considered related to the medicinal product; 
• can arise from any use of the drug (e.g., off-label use in combination with another 
drug) and from any route of administration, formulation, or dose, including an 
overdose; and/or 
• can be any sign or symptom not present at baseline, or if present at baseline, worsens 
in frequency and/or severity, independent of causal relationship to the investigational 
product. 
 
9.1.2 
Expected Adverse Events (with respect to study drug) 
An AE or SAR is considered “expected” if: it is listed in the investigational brochure (IB); or, 
it is listed at the specificity or severity that has been observed; or, if an IB is not required, it is 
consistent with the risk information described in the general investigational plan. These 
adverse events are identified in the Investigator Brochure as possibly associated with the study 
drug, and therefore would be considered EXPECTED adverse events: 
 Tachycardia 
 Hypotension 
 Dizziness 
 Nausea 
 Vomiting 


 
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 Headache 
 Chills 
 Somnolence 
 Restlessness 
Acute liver failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.  Specifically, 
acetaminophen ALF carries a 28-30% mortality, while ALI carries a 10% mortality. Given 
these circumstances, determining drug effect and a causal relationship is particularly difficult. 
The following is a list of signs and symptoms that are expected to occur in patients with ALF 
or ALI.  These events will be collected and recorded but will not be reported on an 
expedited basis (e.g., IND safety report) unless the event otherwise qualifies for 
expedited reporting. 
System Organ Class/Preferred Term 
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders 
Anemia 
Leukocytosis 
Neutropenia 
Thrombocytopenia 
Cardiac Disorders 
Arrhythmias 
Bradycardia 
Tachycardia 
Endocrine Disorders 
Hyperglycemia 
Hypoglycemia 
Gastrointestinal Disorders 
Abdominal Distension 
Abdominal Pain 
Ascites 
Diarrhea 
Flatulence 
Jaundice 
Nausea 
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding 
Vomiting 
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions 
Asthenia 
Fatigue 
Hypothermia 
Malaise 
Peripheral edema 
Pyrexia 
Hepatobiliary Disorders 
Ascites 
Hepatic encephalopathy 
Hepatic failure 
Hepatomegaly 
Jaundice 
Portal hypertension 
Infections and Infestations 


 
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Bacteremia 
Pneumonia 
Sinusitis 
Upper respiratory tract infection 
Urinary tract infection 
Investigations 
Alanine aminotransferase increased 
Aspartate aminotransferase increased 
Cardiac murmur 
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders 
Anorexia 
Hyperglycemia 
Hyperkalemia 
Hypernatremia 
Hyperphosphatemia 
Hypervolemia 
Hypoalbuminemia 
Hypocalcemia 
Hypomagnesemia 
Nervous System Disorders 
Headache 
Hepatic Encephalopathy 
Hyperreflexia 
Memory impairment 
Psychiatric Disorders 
Insomnia 
Renal and Urinary Disorders 
Azotemia 
Oliguria 
Renal failure, acute 
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders 
Dyspnea 
Epistaxis 
Pleural effusions 
Pulmonary edema 
Tachypnea 
Skin and Subcutaneous Disorders 
Pruritus 
Purpura 
Vascular Disorders 
Gastric hemorrhage 
Hematoma 
Hypotension 
 
9.1.3 
Other Adverse Events 
In the STOP-ALF Trial, any medical conditions not present prior to the start of the initial 
study drug infusion but that emerge after the start of the initial study drug infusion are 
considered AEs. Each AE is a unique representation of a specific event used for medical 
documentation and scientific analysis. Adverse Events encountered from Treatment Day 1-T0 
through 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion will be recorded, and Serious 
Adverse Events from Treatment Day 1-T0 through the Day 30 post treatment period will be 
recorded. Specific clarifications for reporting other events are provided below. 


 
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Pre-existing medical conditions or unchanged, chronic medical conditions 
All medical conditions present upon arrival to the hospital and prior to the start of the initial 
study infusion are considered pre-existing conditions and are part of the patient’s medical 
history. Those events that manifest with the same severity, frequency, or duration subsequent 
to study drug administration need not be recorded as adverse events.  These medical 
conditions should be documented adequately on the medical history and/or physical 
examination CRFs. 
Pre-existing medical conditions or unchanged, chronic medical conditions consistent with 
natural disease progression are NOT considered AEs unless the pre-existing medical condition 
is judged by the Investigator to have worsened in severity or frequency or changed in 
character.   
Exacerbation of Pre-existing medical conditions 
A pre-existing medical condition judged by the Investigator to have worsened in severity or 
frequency or changed in character is considered an adverse event and reported through 24 
hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion. If the judgment is that it is a serious 
adverse event, it is reported through the Day 30 post treatment period. 
Lab Abnormalities 
If a clinically significant lab abnormality is considered an expected manifestation of the pre-
existing disease, it may not require AE reporting if it does not indicate treatment-emergent 
worsening or new evolution of a medical condition. 
Treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities (e.g., clinical chemistry, hematology, 
urinalysis), or other investigational studies (e.g., ECGs, X-rays) independent of an underlying 
medical condition that (a) require medical or surgical intervention or (b) lead to 
investigational medicinal product interruption or discontinuation must be recorded as AEs. If 
a new laboratory abnormality, ECG or radiographic finding is associated with new signs 
and/or symptoms (clinical manifestations) an AE should be recorded, either reflective of the 
abnormality based on the specific investigation(s) or the overall medical condition which is 
the etiology of that abnormality. 
 
9.1.4 
Adverse Reaction 
An adverse reaction is any adverse event caused by a drug. 
 
9.1.5 
Suspected Adverse Reaction 
A Suspected Adverse Reaction (SAR) is any adverse event for which there is a reasonable 
possibility that the drug caused the adverse event. 
For purposes of IND safety reporting, “reasonable possibility” means there is evidence to 
suggest a causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event. A SAR implies a lesser 
degree of certainty about the causality than an adverse reaction where the adverse event is 
caused by the drug. 
Suspected adverse reactions are a subset of all adverse events for which there is a “reasonable 
possibility” that the drug caused the event.  A “reasonable possibility” exists if there is 
evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event, such as:  


 
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 
A single occurrence of an event that is uncommon and known to be strongly 
associated with drug exposure (e.g., angioedema, blood dyscrasias, rhabdomyolysis, 
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, anaphylaxis) 
 
One or more occurrences of an event that is not commonly associated with drug 
exposure, but is otherwise uncommon in the population exposed to the drug (e.g., 
tendon rupture) 
 An aggregate analysis of specific events observed in a clinical trial (such as known 
consequences of the underlying disease or condition under investigation or other 
events that commonly occur in the study population independent of drug therapy) 
that indicates those events occur more frequently in the drug treatment group than in 
a concurrent or historical control group. 
 
9.1.6 
Unexpected Adverse Event or Suspected Adverse Reaction 
An AE or SAR is considered “unexpected” if: it is not listed in the investigational brochure 
(IB); or, it is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been observed; or, if an IB is not 
required, it is not consistent with the risk information described in the general investigational 
plan.  “Unexpected” also refers to AEs or SARs that are mentioned in the IB as occurring with 
a class of drugs or as anticipated from the pharmacological properties of the drug, but are not 
specifically mentioned  as occurring with the particular drug under investigation. 
9.2 
Serious Adverse Events 
A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE or SAR that results in any of the following outcomes: 
1.   Death; 
2.   A life-threatening AE (this refers to an event in which the patient was at risk of death at 
the time of the event and not to an event which hypothetically might have caused death 
if it were more severe.); 
3.   In-patient hospitalization; 
4.   Prolongation of existing hospitalization; 
5.   A persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct 
normal life functions; 
6.   A congenital anomaly/birth defect; 
7.   An important medical event that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in 
death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the patient and may require medical or 
surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition. 
Serious adverse events should not be reported for hospitalization or prolonged hospitalization 
in the following scenarios: for a diagnostic or elective surgical procedure related to a pre- 
existing condition; to allow for an efficacy measure for the study; or, for a planned surgical 
procedure that was not the result of a condition worsening due to participation in the study. 
When reporting AEs, SAEs, or SARs, the Investigator should avoid colloquialisms and 
abbreviations and use correct medical terminology. Additionally, if known at the time of 
reporting, a diagnosis should be reported rather than individual signs and symptoms. If a 


 
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diagnosis is unknown at the time of initial reporting but subsequently established, it should be 
reported as follow-up information. 
Pre-existing medical conditions are reported as AEs or SAEs only if the frequency, severity, or 
character of the condition worsens during the study.  When reporting such events, it is 
important to convey the concept that the pre-existing condition has changed by including 
applicable descriptors. 
 
9.3 
Reporting Adverse Events from Participating Clinical Sites 
Safety assessments will consist of monitoring and reporting all adverse events from the start of 
the initial study drug infusion through 24 hours following the final infusion of study drug 
(typically Day 5) or for 24 hours following the final infusion of study drug for those patients 
who do not complete the entire course of study drug administration. Adverse events that do not 
meet the definition of “serious” or “suspected adverse reactions” will be reviewed periodically 
throughout the trial to identify any previously unidentified trends or other safety issues. 
In order to ensure prompt reporting of adverse events, we require that all non-serious adverse 
events must be entered into the WebDCUTM database system within 5 working days following 
the completion of Treatment Day 1-T0 through 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last 
Infusion study phases (e.g., Day 1 phase is Tuesday, 02JAN2012; any AEs occurring in that 
phase must be entered into the WebDCUTM database system no later than Monday, 
09JAN2012). 
9.4 
Reporting Serious Adverse Events and Suspected Adverse Reactions from Participating 
Clinical Sites 
With regard to serious adverse events and suspected adverse reactions, both expected and 
unexpected and regardless of whether the SAE/SARs are considered related to the study drug 
and/or the disease, they will be followed in a rigorous review process through the entire trial 
period.  Clinical performance sites are instructed to report all fatal events, unanticipated 
problems and other serious adverse events and suspected adverse reactions in the WebDCUTM 
database system within 24 hours of first knowledge of the event. Additionally, all current 
study data for that particular patient must be entered to allow for timely review by the Internal 
Medical Monitor (IMM) and the independent external Medical Safety Monitor (MSM). In 
adjudicating cases at UT Southwestern, an alternate IMM will serve in place of the IMM. 
The clinical site Investigator, on the basis of his or her clinical judgment and the following 
definitions, determines the relationship of the adverse event to the protocol intervention as one of 
the following:   
• Definitely: any adverse reaction and those adverse events that cannot be reasonably 
explained by an alternative explanation, e.g., concomitant drug(s), concomitant disease(s). 
The relationship in time is very suggestive, e.g., it is confirmed by de-challenge and re-
challenge. 
• Probably: An AE that might be due to the use of the study agent. The relationship in time 
is suggestive, e.g., confirmed by de-challenge. An alternative explanation is less likely, 


 
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e.g., concomitant drug(s), concomitant disease(s); and, other causes have been eliminated 
or are unlikely. 
• Possibly: An AE that might be due to the use of the study drug. An alternative 
explanation, e.g., concomitant drug(s), concomitant disease(s) is inconclusive. The 
relationship in time is reasonable; therefore, the causal relationship cannot be excluded 
and while other potential causes may or may not exist, a causal relationship to the study 
drug does not appear probable. 
• Unlikely: An AE for which an alternative explanation is more likely, e.g., concomitant 
drug(s), concomitant disease(s), and/or the relationship in time suggests that a causal 
relationship is unlikely or that there is a clear alternate cause that is more likely to have 
caused the adverse event than the study drug. 
• Not related: An AE for which there is no possible relationship (i.e., the temporal 
relationship between drug exposure and the adverse event onset/course is unreasonable or 
incompatible; or a causal relationship to study drug is implausible). 
The clinical site investigator in making determinations of the severity of the adverse event 
should consider the following for the four classes of severity of the event as it occurred: 
• Mild/Grade 1: does not interfere with daily living and no medications are needed to 
relieve event; 
• Moderate/Grade 2: somewhat interferes with daily living or medications needed to 
relieve event; 
• Severe/Grade 3: incapacitating, activities of daily living are prohibited because of the 
event; 
• Life threatening or Death/Grade 4. 
Serious adverse events and suspected adverse reactions are collected from the start of the time 
of enrollment through study completion, i.e., Day 30, death, or withdrawal of consent. 
9.5 
Review of Serious Adverse Events and Suspected Adverse Reactions 
Upon entry of a serious adverse event or suspected adverse reaction in the WebDCUTM
 
system, the system triggers automatic e-mail notification of the SAE/SAR to the Project 
Manager and the IMM. When the SAE/SAR report has been reviewed and deemed to be 
adequate, the SAE/SAR is forwarded by the Project Manager to the MSM. 
The MSM conducts independent reviews of all SAEs and SARs entered into WebDCUTM.  
Should the IMM or MSM need additional patient data to conduct his/her review, those data may 
be accessed on the WebDCUTM. The MSM submits his/her opinion on whether the SAE or SAR 
was (a) in fact, serious, (b) unexpected, and (c) related (with reasonable possibility) to the study 
drug within 72 hours of notification of the SAE or SAR. The MSM may contact the site for 
more information or discussion. Should it be determined that the narrative included in the 
SAE/SAR needs to be amended or enhanced, the SAE/SAR case report form will be returned 
electronically to the clinical site investigator for enhancement or amendment. If the Investigator 
and the MSM believe the SAE or SAR is serious, study drug-related (reasonable possibility, 
probably or definitely), and unexpected, the SAE or SAR requires expedited reporting. When 


 
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there is disagreement between the Investigator and the MSM on one or more of these criteria, 
the SAE or SAR will be reviewed by the IMM as the arbiter as to expedited reporting. 
9.6 
Expedited Reporting of Serious Adverse Events or Suspected Adverse Reactions 
When it is confirmed that an event requires expedited reporting, the Project Manager (PM) 
contacts the site with instructions for completion of a safety report form.  A safety report form 
(pre-populated with previously entered CRF data) is automatically posted in the WebDCUTM 
system and the site staff enters any remaining required information. Following the site’s 
completion of the safety report form, the PM submits the report to the FDA within the 
regulatory timelines. The initial safety report for a SAE/SAR that was fatal or life-threatening 
will be submitted to the FDA within 7 days of the Executive Committee being made aware of 
the SAE; if the event was not life- threatening or did not result in death, the report will be 
submitted to the FDA within 15 days of the Executive Committee being made aware of the 
SAE/SAR. 
The safety report filed with the FDA is posted on the WebDCUTM. The PM notifies, via email, 
the Safety Review Committee (SRC), Ocera Therapeutics, Inc., the Trial Executive Committee 
members and all participating clinical site PIs and Study Coordinators (SCs) that an expedited 
safety report has been filed with the FDA and is available for review on the WebDCUTM (a link 
to the document is provided in the email communication).  Each clinical site PI is then 
responsible for reporting to the IRB at that individual clinical site. 
 
Follow-Up Reporting of Expedited Serious Adverse Events/ Suspected Adverse Reactions 
After the submission of the initial safety report, the clinical site staff is responsible for obtaining 
any follow-up information about the SAE/SAR.  All follow-up information should be actively 
sought by the clinical site staff and must be entered in the database as soon as the information 
becomes available.  The PM distributes the follow-up safety report to all parties receiving the 
initial report. 
 
 


 
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SAE occurs at site 
Site enters CRF into database 
within 24 hours 
Website emails SDCC Project Manager & IMM 
PM & IMM review narrative & PM sends to MSM 
MSM reviews. Consults site if needed. Votes 
within 72 hours of notification of SAE/SAR 
 
Site and MSM agree 
IMM adjudicates 
 
 
Fatal or life threatening? 
PM contacts site with instructions for Safety 
Report completion.  
Site completes Safety Report 
SDCC Submits Completed Safety Report to 
FDA, NIDDK within 15 days 
Is SAE serious, unexpected and related? 
SDCC reports SAEs in SRC Reports, Annual 
FDA Report 
SDCC Submits Initial Safety Report to FDA, 
NIDDK within 7 days 
SDCC Submits Follow-up Safety Report, if 
necessary, to FDA, NIDDK within 15 days 
 
Study SAE Reporting and Monitoring Flowchart 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No 
Yes 
No 
No 
Yes 


 
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9.7 
Safety Review Committee 
The Safety Review Committee (SRC) will consist of three experienced ALFSG clinicians and a 
clinical pharmacologist with experience in clinical trials and PK measurement. All are 
independent of any clinical site participating in the trial and will exercise oversight of the 
safety of trial participants, review periodic safety reports prepared by the SDCC biostatistician, 
request additional data/information (if necessary), and advise the trial Sponsor and Executive 
Committee regarding continuation/discontinuation of the study.  A primary responsibility of the 
SRC is to review the safety and PK data (as provided by the SDCC) and to provide 
recommendations on proceeding to the next dose level.  
Throughout the trial the SRC will review all safety data at regular intervals and after each dose 
level in each cohort.  In addition, the SRC will review safety and PK data for the evaluable 
Cohort 1 patients who complete Dose Levels 1 and 2 to determine if it is safe to enroll Cohort 1 
patients into Dose Level 3 and Cohort 2 patients into Dose Level 1.  Another review will be 
conducted prior to enrolling Cohort 2 patients into Dose Level 3.  During these two specific 
reviews, enrollment will be paused. The SRC will also review the safety and PK data for the 
evaluable Cohort 2 patients who complete Dose Level 3 to determine if it is safe to enroll 
Cohort 2 patients into Dose Level 4.  Upon completion of the study, the SRC will review safety 
data for all enrolled patients. 
In addition to the SRC review, the IMM in consultation with the external MSM will closely 
monitor the incidence rates of all adverse events reported and will alert the SRC if a trend is 
observed for AEs collected from Baseline through the 24 hours Following the Completion of 
the Last Infusion period and for SAEs collected from Baseline through the Day 30 post 
treatment period.  A summary of all AEs and SAEs, a summary of all expedited safety reports, 
and a listing of all patients who were terminated from the study due to study-related adverse 
events, will be included in reports submitted by the SDCC to the Executive Committee, the 
MSM, and the SRC. An annual report will be submitted to the FDA. 
 
9.7.1 
Trial Stopping Criteria 
An apparent, consistent and persistent evidence of net harm that tends to overwhelm any 
benefit may allow for premature termination of the study. 
Continuing enrollment into each dose level of each cohort will be determined on an ongoing 
basis and at periodic intervals as outlined in Section 9.7.  The SRC will receive a report on all 
reported AEs and SAEs as well as the individual listings of patient with any specific event of 
interest. The finding of any unexpected SAEs of Grade 3 that are considered not related to 
acute liver failure in 2 or more patients within a given dose level or of Grade 4 or higher in 
one patient will lead to suspension of recruitment and review of the complete data by the 
MSM.  Following the MSM’s review, the safety report (and any comments from the MSM) 
will be sent to the SRC. The SRC will make the final recommendation for early termination 
versus continuation of the study after reviewing the available data.  The decision will be 
guided by safety.  
If the SRC does not stop the trial, the trial will proceed with enrollment as outlined in section 
9.7 for Cohorts 1 and 2. In addition to the planned evaluations, the MSM and SRC will receive 


 
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quarterly safety summary reports of enrollment, baseline demographics, withdrawals from 
treatment and all AEs and SAEs with information on relation to study treatment. 
9.8 
Safety Assessments  
Laboratory Test Results 
Blood and urine will be collected at Screening, Baseline (blood only), Treatment Day 1 -T0 
(urine only), Treatment Days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, at the Completion of the Last Infusion, and 24 
hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion (or Treatment Discontinuation date) 
for safety laboratory tests to be conducted at local laboratories.  Safety assays include:  
• Liver function tests (LFTs): Total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine 
aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT); 
• Coagulation: Prothrombin time reported as the international normalized ratio (INR); 
and 
• Urinalysis: dipstick plus microscopic evaluation of sediment if clinically indicated. 
Any laboratory test result considered by the investigator to be clinically significant should 
be considered an AE. 
If clinically significant abnormal laboratory values occur during the trial, the patient may be 
retested regularly until repeat test results return to normal, stabilize, or are no longer 
clinically significant. 
Other Safety Assessments 
Vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and respiration) will be measured at 
Screening, Baseline, Treatment Days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, at the Completion of the Last Infusion, 
and 24 hours Following the Completion of the Last Infusion inclusively. Height will be 
measured once (at Screening). 
Physical examinations will be performed at Screening, Baseline, Treatment Days 1, 2, 3, 4 
and 5, at the Completion of the Last Infusion, and 24 hours Following the Completion of the 
Last Infusion, inclusively (or Treatment Discontinuation Visit). 
Single 12-lead ECGs will be performed at Screening, Baseline, Treatment Days 1, 2, 3, 4 
and 5, at the Completion of the Last Infusion, and 24 hours Following the Completion of the 
Last Infusion, inclusively and will be evaluated locally according to usual site procedures. 
Inter-current Illness and Pre-Existing Diseases 
Inter-current illnesses, including signs/symptoms of a pre-existing disease state (medical 
history), that are present at or before study drug administration (including those that manifest 
between signature of the informed consent and administration of study drug) are to be recorded 
as medical history/pre-existing conditions. Those events that manifest with the same severity, 
frequency, or duration subsequent to study drug administration need not be recorded as AEs.  
However, incidents for which there is an increase in severity or duration of the inter-current 
illness or pre-existing disease must be reported on the AE CRF. 
 
 
 


 
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10 
DATA MANAGEMENT 
10.1 
Data Processing 
Data management is handled by the Data Coordination Unit (referred to in this document as 
the SDCC), which is housed in the Department of Public Health Sciences at the Medical 
University of South Carolina (MUSC).  All activities are conducted in coordination with the 
Trial Executive Committee and the Clinical Centers. Case Report Forms (CRFs) have been 
developed by the SDCC with input from the Trial Executive Committee. Electronic copies of 
the CRFs are made available to the Clinical Centers via the WebDCUTM to be used as 
worksheets for capturing data for the Trial. The study database has been developed in 
Microsoft SQL Server based on the approved CRFs. This system allows for web-based data 
entry and management.  The data are captured and entered (single keyed) at the Clinical 
Centers via the web interface. Data must be entered into the database at the Clinical Centers 
within 5 days of assessment/data collection. The data are managed (including data queries) by 
the SDCC staff using a secured Trial website. 
During the design of the database, automated consistency checks and data validation rules are 
programmed to check for potential data errors, including missing required data, data out of pre-
specified range, data conflicts and disparities within and among the CRFs. All validation rules 
are outlined in the Data Management Plan generated by the SDCC.  In addition to the study 
database, the SDCC provides the Clinical Center staff access (via password) to a standard set of 
web-enabled tools, including patient visit calendar, accrual status, CRF completion status, and 
outstanding DCR status pertaining to their respective Centers. 
The SDCC develops, validates, and maintains the study database and provides independent 
oversight and management of the flow, entry, and quality assurance of data collection 
activities.  The SDCC also provides statistical support, including reports to the SRC and 
Medical Safety Monitor; and, where necessary, shields blinded investigators from access to 
unblinded data during the performance of the trial.  The SDCC is responsible for the enrollment 
scheme, final statistical analysis plan and final data analysis. 
10.2 
Data Security and Confidentiality 
During the course of the trial, user access to the files with patient identifiers, treatment 
assignment and files with study outcomes will be restricted to core staff with any exceptions to 
be approved by the Executive Committee. 
In addition to use of passwords and other security measures, all documents containing 
identifying information on individuals or physicians are considered confidential materials and 
will be safeguarded to the greatest possible extent.  No information, which identifies a specific 
person, hospital, or physician, will be released to, or discussed with anyone other than study 
staff members. 
Because the SDCC uses a web-based system, source documents and CRFs will remain at the 
participating sites. The study database only identifies study patients by unique study 
identification codes. All data will be stored in a manner that is HIPAA compliant, without the 
ability to track the information back to a specific patient except through a password protected 
system. All collected information about a patient will be stored by a unique identification code. 


 
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All SDCC personnel are certified by the NIH Office of Human Subjects Research in the 
Protection of Human Research Subjects course. 
10.3 
Data Quality Assurance 
Upon entry of CRFs into the study database, quality control procedures will be applied at each 
stage of data handling in order to ensure integrity of the study data and document processing 
system reliability.  An appointed site monitor will perform reviews of source documents and 
case report form information at the sites to confirm accuracy of data capture.  The STOP-ALF 
Site Monitoring Plan details the monitoring plan and facilitates compliance with Good 
Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, applicable FDA regulations (21 CFR 812 and 813), and 
the FDA’s “Guidance for Industry: Oversight of Clinical Investigations - A Risk-Based 
Approach to Monitoring”.  The monitoring plan includes a combination of central, remote and 
on-site monitoring, and these findings will be used to identify and correct problems in data 
collection. 
To ensure monitoring responsibilities are performed to the fullest extent possible, an 
experienced independent clinical research associate(s) (monitor) performs data verification for 
the trial either on-site or remotely, should direct access to patients’ electronic medical records 
be permitted by the institution. For the first evaluable patient enrolled at any site, 100% of the 
data will be verified to source documents.  For subsequent patients, a checklist of key outcome 
and safety data variables requiring source document verification (SDV) has been developed 
based on the trial’s safety and efficacy endpoints.  The checklist ensures that a target of no less 
than 40% of the clinical data submitted to the STOP-ALF database are verified against source 
documents at the performance sites prior to finalization of the database. Of the data on the 
checklist, the safety and efficacy variables represent approximately half of the data to be 
verified. The remaining half of source monitored data include: 100% of deaths and 100% of 
serious adverse events and source data reviews based on the per-patient evaluation of safety 
parameters defined in the protocol. All data monitored on site are verified for accuracy and 
thoroughness using the most appropriate source documents for all patients. 
Signed informed consent documents and HIPAA documentation are monitored for all patients, 
along with those items outlined in the STOP-ALF Site Monitoring Plan.  
Any omissions and corrections to data submitted to the WebDCU™ database are noted and 
queries are generated either on-site or remotely by the monitor and/or centrally by the SDCC 
staff. 
The monitor may conduct a close-out monitoring visit either on-site or remotely, as determined 
by the SDCC staff based on the number of subject enrollments, amount and nature of 
outstanding items to be monitored, and if the monitor’s direct access to the subjects’ electronic 
medical record has been permitted by the institution. During a Site Closeout Visit, the monitor 
should follow the site close-out guidelines outlined in the current version of the STOP-ALF 
Site Monitoring Plan. 
 
 


 
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11 
STATISTICAL PROCESS 
11.1 
Statistical Methods 
Descriptive statistics will be used to evaluate safety, exploratory efficacy data, PK and PD. 
11.2 
Comparisons of Interest 
Collected data will be evaluated overall and by cohort (patients with minimal renal dysfunction 
and those with compromised renal function). 
11.3 
Sample Size Determination 
This is an exploratory pilot study and no formal sample size calculation was performed for this 
study. 
11.4 
Analysis Population 
The intent-to-treat (ITT) population will include all patients who consented to the study, 
completed screening and were initiated intravenous infusion of study drug.  The ITT population 
will serve as the basis for a sensitivity analysis of the PP results for all endpoints. 
The per-protocol (PP) population (evaluable population) will include all patients who receive 
at least 72h of OCR-002 in accordance with protocol timelines.  The PP population will be 
used for the primary analysis of all outcomes. 
The safety population will include all patients who completed screening and were enrolled 
into the trial. 
11.5 
Interim Analysis 
There are no interim analyses planned as this is an open-label study; however, safety data will 
be reviewed by the SRC continuously throughout the study period. In addition to specific dose 
level reports, quarterly safety reports on all enrolled patients will be provided to the SRC 
during the study period.  These reports will include summary tables overall and by cohort and 
site on baseline characteristics, treatment completions and reasons for early treatment 
withdrawals, study completions rates and all outcomes related to safety information including 
all adverse events and serious adverse events.   
11.6 
Statistical Analyses 
Tables and listings will be produced using SAS v9.2 or higher (SAS, Cary, NC).  Data 
summaries by cohort group will be presented.  For continuous variables, data will be 
summarized with the number of patients, mean, standard deviation, median, and minimum and 
maximum overall and by cohort.  For categorical variables, data will be tabulated in frequency 
tables to display the number and proportion of patients for each category overall and by cohort.  
Baseline assessments for each outcome variable will be defined as the last measurement 
obtained before treatment initiation.  Each point estimate will be presented with 2-sided 95% 
confidence intervals and all statistical tests will use a two-sided 5% significance level.   
 


 
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11.7 
Safety Assessments 
11.7.1 Adverse Events 
Adverse events will be classified into standard terminology using the Medical Dictionary for 
Regulatory Activities (MedDRA).  Adverse events will be listed by reported verbatim term 
and MedDRA-preferred term, start and stop date and time, study day, duration, severity, 
relationship to study drug, and seriousness.  Additionally, data may be grouped for analysis by 
different levels of the MedDRA hierarchy.  The incidence of AEs, the incidence of treatment- 
related AEs, and the severity of AEs will be tabulated by cohort. 
The number and percentage of patients with SAEs and treatment-related SAEs and patients 
who withdraw due to an AE will be tabulated by cohort. 
 
11.7.2 Clinical Laboratory Tests 
Clinical laboratory test parameters will be listed for individual patients.  Baseline for clinical 
laboratory parameters will be defined as the last evaluation before the start of the initial dosing 
with study drug.  Summary statistics, including mean absolute change from baseline, will be 
calculated for each parameter and summarized. 
 
11.7.3 Vital Signs 
Vital signs results (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature) will 
be listed for individual patients.  Each vital sign measure will be tabulated by evaluation time 
point. Baseline for vital signs measurements will be defined as the last evaluation before the 
beginning of the first OCR-002 infusion (which will generally be Baseline, pre-dose). 
Summary statistics, including mean absolute change from baseline, will be determined and 
tabulated for each measure. 
 
11.7.4 Electrocardiograms 
Means of the ECG intervals/durations will be listed for individual patients.  Summary 
statistics, including mean absolute change from baseline, will be determined and tabulated by 
cohort. 
 
11.7.5 Physical Exams 
Physical examination findings at baseline will be listed.  Clinically significant changes will be 
recorded as AEs. Symptoms of interest previously reported with OCR-002 will be recorded 
daily, including dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting; daily monitoring of heart rate in 
relation to infusion initiation will also be recorded. 
 
11.7.6 Plasma Ornithine, Phenylacetate, Phenylacetylglutamine and 
Glutamine Concentrations and Pharmacokinetic Parameters 
Individual and mean plasma ornithine, phenylacetate, and PAGN concentrations at each 
sampling time point will be presented by listings and descriptive summary statistics.  Plasma 
ornithine, phenylacetate, and PAGN concentration versus time profiles will be plotted. 


 
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In addition, individual and mean cumulative urinary PAGN output will be listed with 
descriptive statistics in tabular format. 
Pharmacokinetic parameters will be calculated from plasma ornithine, phenylacetate, and 
PAGN.  Individual plasma ornithine, phenylacetate, and PAGN parameters will be listed for 
each patient and summary statistics will be provided. 
The following PK parameters will be calculated or derived from the data:   
• Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax); 
• Concentration at steady state (Css); 
• Clearance at steady state (CLss); and 
• Interval estimates of exposure (e.g. AUC0-24h) over multiple dosing days. 
 
12 
OBLIGATIONS OF THE INVESTIGATOR 
All Investigators must comply with all applicable regulations.  In addition, Investigators must 
follow local and institutional requirements pertaining, but not limited, to study drug, clinical 
research, informed consent (including the use and disclosure of protected health information), 
and IRB regulations.  The Sponsor/Principal Investigator must notify the FDA, the SRC, all 
clinical site Principal Investigators, who are responsible for notifying their individual IRBs, and 
Ocera of any protocol amendments that are adopted after approval (sign-off) of the original 
protocol. 
Except where the Investigator’s signature is specifically required, it is understood that the term 
“Investigator” as used in this protocol and protocol-related documents refers to the Investigator 
at each site or appropriate study personnel that the Investigator designates to perform a certain 
duty.  The Investigator is ultimately responsible for the conduct of all aspects of the study.  
Sub-Investigators or other appropriate study personnel are eligible to sign for the Investigator 
on designated CRF pages or laboratory reports; provided, such authority has been recorded as 
delegated to the Investigator and the Investigator is qualified to undertake such responsibilities. 
12.1 
Compliance with Good Clinical Practice 
This study will be conducted in accordance with the 1997 International Conference on 
Harmonization (ICH) Guideline on Good Clinical Practice. 
12.2 
Institutional Review Board and Informed Consent Process 
Prior to approval to participate in the study and receive study drug, the Institutional Review 
Board (IRB) for each clinical site must have approved the protocol and informed consent 
documents for a competent patient and/or a patient’s legally authorized representative (LAR) 
or family member [as defined in 21CFR50.3(m)]. IRB renewal of approval of the protocol 
and informed consent documents must be obtained annually (or more frequently if required by 
an individual IRB) and for any subsequent protocol amendments. 
The consent form must describe the purpose of the study, the procedures to be followed, and 
the risks and benefits of participation.  A signed consent form must be obtained from the 
patient, the legally authorized representative, a person with power of attorney, or a family 


 
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member and this fact must be documented in the patient’s record. Copies of the consent form 
must be given to the patient, the LAR, or the family member and maintained in the patient’s 
study binder. All signed informed consent documents will be reviewed and verified for 
accuracy and compliance by an independent Clinical Research Associate (CRA/monitor) 
during monitoring visits to participating clinical sites. 
12.3 
Source Documents 
As defined in Section 1.52 of the ICH Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH E6), source 
documents may include:  original documents, data, and records (e.g., hospital records; clinical 
and office charts; laboratory notes; memoranda; patient’s diaries or evaluation checklists; 
pharmacy dispensing records; recorded data from automated instruments; copies or 
transcriptions certified after verification of accuracy and completeness; microfiches; 
photographic negatives; microfilm or magnetic media; x-rays; and patient files and records kept 
at the pharmacy, at the laboratories, and at medico-technical departments involved in the 
clinical study). 
Source documents are considered to be all information in original records and certified copies 
of original records of clinical findings, observations, data or other activities in a clinical study 
necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the study. 
The PI and designees agree to maintain accurate CRFs and source documentation as part of the 
case histories.   Source documents are the originals of any documents used by the PI or Sub-
Investigator or hospital/institution that allow verification of the existence of the patient and 
substantiate the integrity of the data collected during the trial. 
The study CRFs will be available in printable format on the study website. The CRFs for each 
patient must be completed only by persons designated by the PI and who have data entry 
permissions for the study database.  All data entered into the CRF must also be available in the 
source documents.  The PI will allow designated STOP-ALF monitors and regulatory bodies to 
have direct access to the source documents to verify the data reported in the CRFs. 
Once a patient completes the study, the PI must review the completed study book and sign the 
End of Study Form that acknowledges this review. 
12.4 
Retention of Documentation 
In June 2005, Federal law extended the statute of limitations to six (6) years to bring forward 
an allegation of research misconduct. In response to this extension, research records must be 
retained for a sufficient period to investigate an allegation of research misconduct - - a 
minimum period of six (6) years. 
Additionally, existing Federal regulations [56 CFR 56.115(b)] require that IRB records be 
retained for at least 3 years after completion of the research. All records must be accessible for 
inspection and copying by authorized representatives of HHS and FDA at reasonable times and 
in a reasonable manner. At the end of three years, the IRB records may be boxed, labeled and 
sent to central storage for an additional 3-10 years. A log of stored records is maintained in the 
IRB office for retrieval if files are needed for audit or other purposes. 
An agreement must be in place between the clinical site Principal Investigator and the Principal 


 
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Investigator/Sponsor regarding records that may be destroyed. Records will be maintained in a 
de-identified manner in a locked location to ensure confidentiality. 
12.5 
Confidentiality of Material Provided by Ocera 
Any written materials provided by Ocera, as well as documentation, data, and all other 
information generated as part of this study will be held in strict confidence by the Investigator 
and participating clinical site staff.  Conduct of this study will comply with all provisions of the 
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. 
12.6 
Quality Assurance and Quality Control 
The study will be conducted according to GCP and FDA guidelines and according to federal 
law. 
12.7 
Publication 
Publication of the results of this trial will be governed by the policies and procedures 
developed by the ALFSG Executive Committee. All manuscripts pertaining to this study will 
be forwarded to the NIDDK staff for review before submission for publication. The 
Publication Policy will be fully compliant with the voluntary NIH Public Access Policy 
mandated by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 (Division G, Title II, Section 
218 of PL 110-161). The Executive Committee will follow NIH policies on data-sharing (as 
described 
at 
the 
site: 
http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/data_sharing_ 
guidance.htm and any updates thereto). 
 
 


 
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13 
LIST OF REFERENCES 
 
1.   Lee WM. Etiologies of acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis 2008 May;28(2):142-152. 
 
2.   Roberts MS, Angus DC, Bryce CL, Valenta Z, Weissfeld L. Survival after liver 
transplantation in the United States: a disease-specific analysis of the UNOS database. 
Liver Transpl 2004 Jul;10(7):886-897. 
 
3.   Stravitz RT, Kramer DJ. Management of acute liver failure. Nat Rev Gastroenterol 
Hepatol 2009 Sep;6(9):542-553. 
 
4.   Blei AT. Pathogenesis of brain edema in fulminant hepatic failure. Prog Liver Dis 
1995;13:311-330. 
 
5.   Jalan R. Pathophysiological basis of therapy of raised intracranial pressure in acute 
liver failure. Neurochem Int 2005 Jul;47(1-2):78-83. 
 
6.   Larsen FS, Wendon J. Prevention and management of brain edema in patients with 
acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2008 Oct;14 Suppl 2:S90-S96. 
 
7.   Clemmesen JO, Larsen FS, Kondrup J, Hansen BA, Ott P. Cerebral herniation in 
patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration. 
Hepatology 1999 Mar;29(3):648-653. 
 
8.   Blei AT, Larsen FS. Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure. J 
Hepatol 1999 Oct;31(4):771-776. 
 
9.   Bhatia V, Singh R, Acharya SK. Predictive value of arterial ammonia for 
complications and outcome in acute liver failure. Gut 2006 Jan;55(1):98-104. 
 
10.   Traber PG, Dal Canto M, Ganger DR, Blei AT. Electron microscopic evaluation of 
brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: 
ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Hepatology 1987 Nov;7(6):1272- 
1277. 
 
11.   Cordoba J, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Glutamine, myo-inositol, and organic brain osmolytes 
after portocaval anastomosis in the rat: implications for ammonia-induced brain 
edema. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4):919-923. 
 
12.   Rose C, Michalak A, Rao KV, Quack G, Kircheis G, Butterworth RF. L-ornithine-L- 
aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in 
rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology 1999 Sep;30(3):636-640. 
 
13.   Rose C, Michalak A, Pannunzio M, Chatauret N, Rambaldi A, Butterworth RF. Mild 
hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain 
glutamate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology 2000;31:872-877. 
 


 
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14.   Jalan R, Wright G, Davies NA, Hodges SJ. L-Ornithine phenylacetate (OP): a novel 
treatment for hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Med Hypotheses 
2007;69:1064-1069. 
 
15.   Polson J, Lee WM. AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure. 
Hepatology 2005;41:1179-1197. 
 
16.   Sterling RK, Luketic VA, Sanyal AJ, Shiffman ML. Treatment of fulminant hepatic 
failure with intravenous prostaglandin E1. Liver Transpl Surg 1998;4:424-431. 
 
17.   O'Grady JG, Gimson AE, O'Brien CJ, Pucknell A, Hughes RD, Williams R. Controlled 
trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. 
Gastroenterology 1988;94:1186-1192. 
 
18.   Jalan R, Olde Damink SW, Deutz NE, Hayes PC, Lee A. Moderate hypothermia in 
patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension. 
Gastroenterology 2004;127:1338-1346. 
 
19.   Stravitz RT, Larsen F. Therapeutic hypothermia for acute liver failure. Crit Care Med 
2009: 37(7 Suppl):S258-6. 
 
20.   McKenzie TJ, Lillegard JB, Nyberg SL. Artificial and bioartificial liver support. Semin 
Liver Dis 2008;28:210-217. 
 
21.   Randomised trial of steroid therapy in acute liver failure. Report from the European 
Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). Gut 1979;20:620-623. 
 
22.   Kumar M, Satapathy S, Monga R, Das K, Hissar S, Pande C, et al. A randomized 
controlled trial of lamivudine to treat acute hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007;45:97-101. 
 
23.   Ichai P, Duclos-Vallee JC, Guettier C, Hamida SB, Antonini T, Delvart V, et al. 
Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of 
autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transpl 2007;13:996-1003. 
 
24.   Makin AJ, Wendon J, Williams R. A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen- 
induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993). Gastroenterology 1995;109:1907-1916. 
 
25.   Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ, Davern TJ, Lalani E, Hynan LS, et al. 
Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, 
prospective study. Hepatology 2005;42:1364-1372. 
 
26.   Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L, Fontana RJ, Stravitz RT, Larson AM, et al. 
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non- 
acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2009;137:856-64, 864. 
 
27.   Liou IW, Larson AM. Role of liver transplantation in acute liver failure. Semin Liver 
Dis 2008;28:201-209. 
 


 
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28.   Stravitz RT, Kramer AH, Davern T, Shaikh AO, Caldwell SH, Mehta RL, et al. 
Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure: recommendations of the U.S. Acute 
Liver Failure Study Group. Crit Care Med 2007;35:2498-2508. 
 
29.   Acharya SK, Bhatia V, Sreenivas V, Khanal S, Panda SK. Efficacy of L-ornithine L- 
aspartate in acute liver failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. 
Gastroenterology 2009;136:2159-2168. 
 
30.   Jalan R, Lee WM. Treatment of hyperammonemia in liver failure: a tale of two 
enzymes. Gastroenterology 2009;136:2048-2051. 
 
31.   Davies NA, Wright G, Ytrebo LM, Stadlbauer V, Fuskevag OM, Zwingmann C, et al. 
L-ornithine and phenylacetate synergistically produce sustained reduction in ammonia 
and brain water in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 2009;50:155-164. 
 
32.   Ytrebo LM, Kristiansen RG, Maehre H, Fuskevag OM, Kalstad T, Revhaug A, et al. 
L-ornithine phenylacetate attenuates increased arterial and extracellular brain ammonia 
and prevents intracranial hypertension in pigs with acute liver failure. Hepatology 
2009;50:165-174. 
 
33. Zimmerman L, Jornvall H, Bergstrom J. Phenylacetylglutamine and hippuric acid in 
uremic and healthy subjects. Nephron 1990;55:265-271. 
 
34.   Novack, T. (2000). The Orientation Log. The Center for Outcome Measurement in 
Brain Injury. http://www.tbims.org/combi/olog 
 


 
 
 
 
MEMORANDUM 
 
 
TO: 
National Institutes of Health  
U.S. National Library of Medicine 
 
FROM: Valerie Durkalski-Mauldin, MPH, PhD 
 
ALFSG Co-Principal Investigator 
 
Statistical & Data Coordination Center (SDCC) 
 
Department of Public Health Sciences 
 
Medical University of South Carolina 
 
DATE: 01May2018 
 
RE: 
A Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of OCR-002 (ornithine phenylacetate) in 
the Treatment of Patients with Acute Liver Failure/Severe Acute Liver Injury (STOP-ALF) 
Statistical Analysis Plan for ClinicalTrials.gov 
 
 
The statistical process and analyses for the STOP-ALF Trial are outlined in Section 11 of the study 
protocol; a separate Statistical Analysis Plan was not compiled for the study. 
 
 
 
_________________________________________ 
Valerie Durkalski-Mauldin, PhD 
 
 
 
CC: William M. Lee, MD 
 
ALFSG Grant Sponsor & Study Chair 
 
STOP-ALF, Sponsor of IND 
 UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Principal Investigator