Clinical trial NCT01601535
Conditions: Neuroblastoma
Sponsor: New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy Consortium
Start date: 2012-05-01; Completion date: 2018-07-25
Enrollment: 54 participants; Allocation: ; Intervention model: SEQUENTIAL

Brief summary:
The goal of the first part of this clinical trial (Phase I portion) is to study the side effects, drug breakdown (pharmacokinetics), and dosing of the drug MLN8237 when added to standard chemotherapy drugs, irinotecan and temozolomide.

The goal of the second part of this clinical trial (Phase II portion) is to learn how many children and young adults show improvements in their neuroblastoma when treated with the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide.

Detailed description:
The Aurora A kinase has been shown to play an important role in neuroblastoma growth. Inhibition of Aurora A kinase activity attenuates the growth of neuroblastoma cells. MLN8237 is a selective small molecule inhibitor of Aurora A kinase that has completed pediatric single-agent phase I testing, as well as stage 1 phase 2 testing in patients with Neuroblastoma. MLN8237 showed activity against the NCI-sponsored Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program neuroblastoma in vivo panel that exceeded the activity level observed with chemotherapy agents routinely used in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Aurora A kinase inhibitors result in enhanced cytotoxicity when used in combination with chemotherapy. Irinotecan and temozolomide is a commonly used salvage regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. This combination has a modest objective response rate (16%) and is well-tolerated, suggesting that it will provide a useful platform for the study of novel compounds in combination with chemotherapy. Preclinical studies demonstrate marked enhancement of anti-neuroblastoma activity with the addition of MLN8237 to irinotecan and temozolomide. This study therefore evaluates the tolerability and activity of MLN8237 in combination with irinotecan and temozolomide in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma. Patients receive irinotecan (50 mg/m2/dose IV) and temozolomide (100 mg/m2/dose orally) once daily for 5 days along with MLN8237 orally once daily for 7 days. The doses of irinotecan and temozolomide will be fixed and the dose of MLN8237 will be dose-escalated. In the phase I portion of the study, the primary aims are to determine the recommended phase II doses of this combination, describe the toxicity of this combination, and characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of MLN8237 and irinotecan when used in combination. In the phase II portion of the study, the primary aim is to determine the objective response rate of this combination in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. With Amendment 5, the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of an MLN8237 oral solution will be evaluated. Optional correlative studies will evaluate UGT1A1 polymorphisms as predictors of toxicity and archival tumor tissue Aurora A expression as a predictor of response with this combination.

Arms: arm 1: Every course will be 21 days. MLN8237 will be administered orally daily starting on day 1 through day 7.

Irinotecan will be administered intravenously during each course on study day 1 through day 5.

Temozolomide will be administered orally during each course on study day 1 through day 5.
Interventions: intervention 1: MLN8237 intervention 2: Irinotecan intervention 3: Temozolomide
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Every course will be 21 days. MLN8237 will be administered orally daily starting on day 1 through day 7. intervention 2: Irinotecan will be administered intravenously during each course on study day 1 through day 5. intervention 3: Temozolomide will be administered orally during each course on study day 1 through day 5.

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_ICF_000.pdf: 
 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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NEW APPROACHES TO NEUROBLASTOMA THERAPY (NANT) CONSORTIUM:  NANT 
2009-03 
 
NANT 2009-03:  PHASE I/II STUDY OF MLN8237 IN COMBINATION WITH IRINOTECAN AND 
TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA 
IND# 113644 
 
COORDINATING CENTER 
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles / NANT Operations Center 
 
PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS AND CONTACT PHYSICIANS 
 
UCSF School of Medicine, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94158 
Katherine K. Matthay, MD, Phone: 415-476-0603; Email: matthayk@peds.ucsf.edu 
 
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 54 Los Angeles, CA 90027 
Araz Marachelian, MD, Phone: 323-361-8573; Email: amarachelian@chla.usc.edu 
 
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 1000 Welch Road, Suite 300 Palo Alto, CA 94304 
Sheri Spunt, MD, Phone: 650-723-5535; Email: sspunt@stanford.edu 
 
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, 3333 Burnett Avenue MLC 7015 Cincinnati, OH 45229 
Brian Weiss, MD, Phone: 513-636-9863; Email: brian.weiss@cchmc.org 
 
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, CTRB 3056 Philadelphia, PA 19104 
Yael P. Mosse, MD, Phone: 215-590-0965; Email: mosse@chop.edu 
 
C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, D4202 MPB Ann Arbor, MI 48109 
Rajen Mody, MD, Phone: 734-232-9335; Email: rmody@med.umich.edu 
 
Seattle Children’s Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, MB.8.560 Seattle, WA 98105 
Navin Pinto, MD, Phone: 206-987-5783; Email: navin.pinto@seattlchildrens.org  
 
Children’s Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Suite 350 Boston MA 02115 
Suzanne Shusterman, MD, Phone: 617-632-4901; Email: suzanne_shusterman@dfci.harvard.edu 
 
Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G1X8 
Meredith Irwin, MD, Phone: 416-813-7654 Email: meredith.irwin@sickkids.ca 
 
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Rm 446 Atlanta, GA 30322 
Kelly Goldsmith, MD, Phone: 404- 727-2655; Email: kgoldsm@emory.org  
 
University of Chicago, Comer Children’s Hospital, 900 East 57th Street KCBD RM 5100 Chicago, IL 60637 
Susan Cohn, MD, Phone: 773-702-2571; Email: scohn@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu 
 
Cook Children’s Healthcare System, 901 Seventh Avenue, Suite 220 Fort Worth, TX 76104 
Meaghan Granger, MD, Phone: 682-885-4007; Email: mgranger@cookchildrens.org 
 
Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16thAve. B-115, Aurora, CO 80045 
Margaret Macy, MD, Phone: 720-777-8856; Email: Margaret.macy@childrenscolorado.org  
 
 
Protocol Chair 
Steven DuBois, MD 
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 
Phone:  (617) 632-5460 
Email: steven_dubois@dfci.harvard.edu 
 
Protocol Vice-Chair 
Yael Mosse, MD 
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Phone: (215) 590-0965 
Email: mosse@chop.edu  
 
 
Activated: 3/5/2012 
 
Version Date: 
01-10-2018 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 2 
Table of Contents 
 
INFORMATION REGARDING CERTIFICATE OF CONFIDENTIALITY 
4 
STUDY COMMITTEE 
5 
IND SPONSOR  
7 
ABSTRACT 
 
8 
TREATMENT SCHEMA 
9 
1.0 
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (SCIENTIFIC AIMS) 
10 
2.0 
BACKGROUND 
10 
3.0 
PATIENT ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND REGISTRATION 
18 
3.1 
Patient Preparation for Study Entry and Registration 
18 
3.2 
Inclusion Criteria 
18 
3.3 
Exclusion Criteria 
22 
3.4 
Regulatory 
23 
4.0 
TREATMENT PROGRAM 
23 
4.1  
Treatment Overview 
24 
4.2  
Drug Administration 
26 
4.3 
Dose Escalation Schedule 
26 
4.4 
Definition of Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) 
27 
4.5 
Treatment Duration 
27 
4.6 
Dose Modification 
29 
4.7 
Concomitant Therapy 
30 
5.0 
SUPPORTIVE CARE 
30 
5.1 
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Pneumonia 
30 
5.2 
Use of Myeloid Growth Factors 
30 
5.3 
Antiemetics 
30 
5.4 
Treatment of Irinotecan-Associated Diarrhea 
30 
6.0 
DRUG INFORMATION 
31 
6.1 
MLN8237(MLN8237-004) NSC # 747888 
31 
6.2  
IRINOTECAN(CPT-11, Camptosar™), NSC #616348 
35 
6.3  
TEMOZOLOMIDE(TEMODARTM) NSC#362856 
37 
6.4 
GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR(G-CSF) 
39 
6.5  
CEFIXIME (Suprax) 
41 
6.6 
CEFPODOXIMEPROXETIL (Vantin-R) 
42 
6.7   
Drug Inventory Records 
43 
7.0    
REQUIRED OBSERVATIONS/MATERIAL AND DATA TO BE ACCESSIONED 
43 
7.1 
Clinical and Laboratory Studies 
43 
7.2 
Recommended Follow-Up Observations 
45 
7.3 
Documentation of Tumor Response 
45 
8.0 
PHARMACOKINETIC AND BIOLOGY STUDIES 
45 
8.1  
MLN8237 Pharmacokinetics 
45 
8.2 
Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics 
47 
8.3 
Evaluation of UGT1A1 and AURKA polymorphisms 
48 
8.4 
Evaluation of markers of Aurora A expression in archival tumor tissue 
49 
9.0 
CRITERIA FOR REMOVAL FROM PROTOCOL AND OFF STUDY CRITERIA 
49 
9.1 
Criteria for Removal from Protocol Therapy 
49 
9.2 
Off Study Criteria 
49 
10.0 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
49 
10.1 
Sample Size and Study Duration 
49 
10.2 
Definitions 
50 
10.3 
Dose Escalation Rules for the Phase 1 and Oral Solution Cohort Portions of 
Study 51 
10.4     Statistical Rules for the Phase 2 Portion 
52 
10.5 
Statistical Rules for Oral Solution Cohort 
53 


 
 
 
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10.6  
Analysis of Results 
53 
10.7 
Monitoring Plan for Death within 30 Days of Last Treatment 
54 
10.8 
Pharmacokinetic and Correlative Biology Studies 
54 
10.9     Inclusion of Women and Minorities 
54 
11.0 
RESPONSE CRITERIA VERSION 1.2 
54 
11.1 
Response Criteria for CT/MRI Lesions 
55 
11.2 
Response Criteria for Morphologic Bone Marrow Disease 
56 
11.3. 
Response Criteria for MIBG Avid Lesions 
57 
11.4     Response Criteria using FDG-PET scans (for MIBG non-avid patients) 
59 
11.5 
Urine Catecholamines 
59 
11.6 
Definition of Overall Response for Each Patient 
60 
12.0 
ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 
61 
12.1 
Purpose 
62 
12.2  
Definitions 
62 
12.3 
Expedited Serious Adverse Event Reporting to NANT Operations 
62 
12.4 
Expedited Adverse Event Reporting to the FDA 
63 
12.5 
NANT Operations Center Role in Expedited Adverse Event Reporting to the 
FDA and Participating Sites 
63 
12.6  
Adverse event reporting requirements for Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc 
64 
12.7 
Reporting Secondary AML/MDS 
64 
12.8   Procedures for Reporting Drug Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth 
Events 64 
13.0 
RECORDS AND REPORTING 
65 
14.0 
REFERENCES 
66 
15.0  
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT AND ASSENT DOCUMENTS 
68 
15.1 
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT:  PHASE I, PART B 
68 
15.2 
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT:  PHASE II 
87 
15.3  
SAMPLE ASSENT FORM-Phase II 
106 
15.4 
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT:  ORAL SOLUTION COHORT 
109 
15.5  
SAMPLE ASSENT FORM-ORAL SOLUTION COHORT 
128 
APPENDIX I: 
PERFORMANCE STATUS SCALES/SCORES 
131 
APPENDIX II. MLN8237 DOSING TABLES FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING ENTERIC COATED 
TABLETS 
 
132 
APPENDIX IIIA.TEMOZOLOMIDE DOSING TABLE FOR INITIAL DOSING WITH 100 MG/M2 
134 
APPENDIX IIIB.TEMOZOLOMIDE DOSING TABLE FOR 75 MG/M2 IF DOSE REDUCTION 
NEEDED 
138 
APPENDIX IV: FAMILY INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION OF TEMOZOLOMIDE 
136 
APPENDIX V: PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR TREATING DIARRHEA 
137 
APPENDIX VI: BLOOD VOLUME SUMMARY FOR INVESTIGATIONAL STUDIES 
138 
APPENDIX VII RESPONSE CRITERIA VERSION 1 
139 
APPENDIX VIII  RESPONSE CRITERIA VERSION 1.1 
143 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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INFORMATION REGARDING CERTIFICATE OF CONFIDENTIALITY 
 
The New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) consortium has received a Certificate of 
Confidentiality from the federal government, which will help us protect the privacy of our research 
subjects.  The Certificate protects against the involuntary release of information about subjects 
collected during the course of our covered studies.  The researchers involved in the studies cannot 
be forced to disclose the identity or any information collected in the study in any legal proceedings 
at the federal, state, or local level, regardless of whether they are criminal, administrative, or 
legislative proceedings.  However, the subject or family member, or the researcher may choose to 
voluntarily disclose the protected information under certain circumstances.  For example, if the 
subject or his/her guardian requests the release of information in writing, the Certificate does not 
protect against that voluntary disclosure.  Furthermore, federal agencies may review our records 
under limited circumstances, such as a DHHS request for information for an audit or program 
evaluation or an FDA request under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. The Certificate of 
Confidentiality will not protect against the required reporting by hospital staff of information on 
suspected child abuse, reportable communicable diseases, and/or possible threat of harm to self or 
others. 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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STUDY COMMITTEE 
STUDY CHAIR  
Steven DuBois, MD 
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 
450 Brookline Avenue, Dana 3 
Boston, MA 02215 
Phone: 617-632-5460 
Fax: 617-632-4811 
Email: steven_dubois@dfci.harvard.edu 
 
COMMITTEE MEMBER 
Joel Reid, PhD 
Mayo Clinic 
19-365 Gonda Building 
200 First Street SW 
Rochester, MN 55905 
Phone: 507-284-0822 
Fax: 507-284-3906 
Email : reid.joel@mayo.edu 
 
STUDY VICE CHAIR 
Yael Mosse, MD 
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.  
3615 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 902A  
Philadelphia, PA 19104           
Phone: 215-590 0965 
Fax:215-590-3770 
Email:mosse@chop.edu 
COMMITTEE MEMBER 
Lars Wagner, MD 
University of Kentucky 
Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Clinic Room J-457 
740 South Limestone 
Lexington, KY 40531-0284 
Phone:859-218-0931 
Fax:858-257-1888 
Email:lars.wagner@uky.edu 
 
COMMITTEE MEMBER 
Rochelle Bagatell, MD 
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
3501 Civic Center Boulevard CTRB 4022 
Philadelphia, PA 19104 
Phone: 267-426-9737 
Fax: 215-590-7544 
Email:bagatellr@email.chop.edu 
STUDY STATISTICIAN 
Susan Groshen, PhD 
USC School of Medicine 
Dept of Preventive Medicine 
1441 Eastlake Avenue, MS-44 
Los Angeles, CA 90089 
Phone: 323-865-0375 
Fax: 323-865-0133 
Email:groshen@usc.edu 
 
COMMITTEE MEMBER 
Elizabeth Fox, MD 
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Division of Oncology 
3501 Civic Center Blvd, CTRB-4016 
Philadelphia, PA 19104 
Phone: 267-425-3010 
Fax: 267-425-0113 
Email: foxe@email.chop.edu 
 
PROTOCOL NURSE 
Fabienne Hollinger, FNP 
UCSF School of Medicine 
Department of Pediatrics 
505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0106 
San Francisco, CA 94143 
Phone: 415-514-0238 
Fax: 415-502-4372 
Email:  hollingerf@peds.ucsf.edu 
COMMITTEE MEMBER 
Katherine Matthay, MD 
UCSF School of Medicine 
550 16th Street, 4th Floor 
San Francisco, CA 94158 
San Francisco, CA 94158 
Phone: 415-476-0603 
Fax: 415-502-4372 
Email: matthayK@peds.ucsf.edu 
PROTOCOL COORDINATOR 
Suzy Ghazarian, MPA 
NANT Operations Center 
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 
4650 Sunset Blvd, MS-54 
Los Angeles, CA  90027 
Phone: 323-361-5695 
Fax: 323-361-1803 
Email: sghazarian@chla.usc.edu 
 
COMMITTEE MEMBER 
John Maris, MD 
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.  
3615 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 902A.  
Philadelphia, PA 19104           
Phone:215-590-5242 
Fax: 215-590-3770 
Email:maris@chop.edu 
RESEARCH COORDINATOR 
NANT Operations Center 
Childrens Hospital Los Angeles 
4650 Sunset Blvd., MS-54 
Los Angeles, CA 90027 
Office:323-361- 5687 
Fax:323-361-1803 
Email:nantdata@chla.usc.edu 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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NANT CONSORTIUM INSTITUTIONS 
 
 
Katherine Matthay, MD 
UCSF School of Medicine 
550 16th Street, 4th Floor 
San Francisco, CA 94158Office 
Office: 415- 476-0603 
Fax: 415-502-4372 
Email: matthayk@peds.ucsf.edu 
 
Araz Marachelian, MD 
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 
Division of Hematology/Oncology  
4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS 54 
Los Angeles, CA 90027 
Office:323-361-8573 
Fax: 323-361-1803 
Email: amarachelian@chla.usc.edu 
 
 
Sheri Spunt, MD 
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, 
Stanford University 
1000 Welch Road, Suite 300 
Palo Alto, CA 94304 
Office: 650-723-5535 
Fax: 650-723-5231 
Email: sspunt@stanford.edu 
 
 
Brian Weiss, MD 
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital 
Department of Pediatric Oncology 
3333 Burnett Avenue, MLC 7015 
Cincinnati, OH 45229 
Office:513-636-9863 
Fax: 513-636-3549 
Email: brian.weiss@cchmc.org 
Yael P. Mosse, MD 
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 
Division of Oncology 
3501 Civic Center Boulevard,  
CTRB 3056 
Philadelphia, PA 19104 
Office: 215-590-0965  
Fax: 267-426-0685  
Email: mosse@chop.edu 
Rajen Mody, MD 
C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital 
1500 E. Medical Center Drive D4202 MPB 
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718 
Office: 734-232-9335 
Fax: 734-615-0464 
Email: rmody@med.umich.edu 
 
Margaret Macy, MD 
Children’s Hospital Colorado 
13123 East 16thAve. B-115 
Aurora, CO 80045 
Office: 720-777-8856 
Fax: 720-777-7289 
Email:  
Margaret.macy@childrenscolorado.o
rg 
 
 
Navin Pinto, MD 
Seattle Children’s Hospital 
4800 Sand Point Way NE MB.8.560 
Seattle, WA 98105 
Office: 206-987-5783 
Fax:206-987-3946 
Email:navin.pinto@seattlechildrens.org 
 
Suzanne Shusterman, MD 
Children’s Hospital Boston 
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 
450 Brookline Avenue, Suite 350 
Boston, MA 02115 
Office: 617-632-4901 
Fax: 617-632-3270 
Email: 
suzanne_shusterman@dfci.harvard.edu 
 
 
 
Meredith Irwin , MD 
Hematology-Oncology 
Hospital for Sick Children  
555 University Avenue,  
Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G1X8  
Phone: 
416-813-7654 
Email: 
meredith.irwin@sickkids.ca 
Fax: 416-813-5327 
Email: meredith.irwin@sickkids.ca 
 
Kelly Goldsmith, MD 
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.   
2015 Uppergate Drive, Rm 446  
Atlanta, GA 30322 
Office: 404-727-2655 
Fax: 404-727-4859 
Email:  kgoldsm@emory.org 
 
 
Susan Cohn, MD 
University of Chicago 
Comer Children’s Hospital 
900 East 57th Street KCBD, RM5100 
Chicago, IL 60637 
Office: 773-702-2571 
Fax:773-702-9881 
Email:scohn@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu 
 
Meaghan Granger, MD 
Cook Children’s Healthcare System 
901 Seventh Avenue, Suite 220 
Fort Worth, TX 76104 
Office: 682-885-4007  
Fax: 682-885-1713 
Email: mgranger@cookchildrens.org 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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IND SPONSOR 
 
 
 
Steven DuBois, MD 
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 
450 Brookline Avenue, Dana 3 
Boston, MA 02215 
Phone: 617-632-5460 
Fax: 617-632-4811 
Email: steven_dubois@dfci.harvard.edu 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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ABSTRACT 
 
The Aurora A kinase has been shown to play an important role in neuroblastoma growth.  Inhibition 
of Aurora A kinase activity attenuates the growth of neuroblastoma cells.  MLN8237 is a selective 
small molecule inhibitor of Aurora A kinase that has completed pediatric single-agent phase I 
testing, as well as stage 1 phase 2 testing in patients with Neuroblastoma. MLN8237 showed 
activity against the NCI-sponsored Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program neuroblastoma in vivo 
panel that exceeded the activity level observed with chemotherapy agents routinely used in the 
treatment of neuroblastoma.  Additional in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Aurora A kinase 
inhibitors result in enhanced cytotoxicity when used in combination with chemotherapy.  Irinotecan 
and temozolomide is a commonly used salvage regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory 
neuroblastoma.  This combination has a modest objective response rate (16%) and is well-
tolerated, suggesting that it will provide a useful platform for the study of novel compounds in 
combination with chemotherapy.  Preclinical studies demonstrate marked enhancement of anti-
neuroblastoma activity with the addition of MLN8237 to irinotecan and temozolomide.  This study 
therefore evaluates the tolerability and activity of MLN8237 in combination with irinotecan and 
temozolomide in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma.  Patients receive irinotecan (50 
mg/m2/dose IV) and temozolomide (100 mg/m2/dose orally) once daily for 5 days along with 
MLN8237 orally once daily for 7 days.  The doses of irinotecan and temozolomide will be fixed and 
the dose of MLN8237 will be dose-escalated.  In the phase I portion of the study, the primary aims 
are to determine the recommended phase II doses of this combination, describe the toxicity of this 
combination, and characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of MLN8237 and irinotecan when used in 
combination.  In the phase II portion of the study, the primary aim is to determine the objective 
response rate of this combination in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma.  With 
Amendment 5, the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of an MLN8237 oral solution will be evaluated.  
Optional correlative studies will evaluate UGT1A1 polymorphisms as predictors of toxicity and 
archival tumor tissue Aurora A expression as a predictor of response with this combination. 
 
 
Hypothesis: 
 
We hypothesize that: 
 
1. MLN8237 combined with irinotecan and temozolomide will be tolerable in children with 
recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma. 
2. The primary toxicity of the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide will be 
myelosuppression. 
3. The combination of MLN8237 with irinotecan and temozolomide will result in enhanced 
antitumor activity compared with irinotecan and temozolomide. 
 
 


 
 
 
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TREATMENT SCHEMA 
 
Cycle of Treatment 
 
Day:    -1       0       1        2       3       4       5       6       7       8         21 
            C ------------------------------------------------------------------> 
                               Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir 
                               T       T       T       T       T 
                              M      M      M      M       M     M     M 
                                                                                             G 
 
Ir = Irinotecan 50 mg/m2/day IV days 1-5 
T = Temozolomide 100 mg/m2/day orally days 1-5 
M = MLN8237 by dose level once daily orally days 1-7  
C = oral cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis days -1 to +8 (required in Part B) 
G = myeloid growth factor starting on day 8 (required in Part B)      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the completed phase 1 portion, the starting dose of MLN8237 was 45 mg/m2/day given orally 
once daily.  This dose represented approximately 60% of the pediatric recommended phase 2 
dose of 80 mg/m2/day from COG protocol ADVL0812.   
 
Dose 
Level 
MLN8237 
Oral 
(Days 1-7) 
Irinotecan 
Intravenous 
(Days 1-5) 
Temozolomide 
Oral** 
(Days 1-5) 
Myeloid 
Growth 
Factor 
Support 
Cephalosporin 
Diarrhea 
Prophylaxis 
-1B 
30 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
1 
45 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Optional 
Optional 
1B 
45 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
2B 
60 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
3B 
80 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
**See section 4.2.2 for doses in patients < 0.5 m2. 
 
Dose level 1 was completed in Part A of the study.  With Amendment 3, evaluation resumed with 
evaluation of dose level 1B in which all patients receive mandatory myeloid growth factor support 
and mandatory diarrhea prophylaxis with cefixime or cefpodoxime.  Dose levels 1B, 2B, and 3B 
were evaluated and the maximum tolerated dose with MLN8237 enteric coated tablets was dose 
level 2B.  
 
With Amendment 5, the phase 2 portion of the study is open to patients who are able to swallow 
intact pills.  All patients on the phase 2 portion will begin therapy at dose level 2B and will utilize 
the enteric coated tablet formulation. 
 
In addition, with Amendment 5, a cohort evaluating an MLN8237 oral solution is open to patients 
who are not able to swallow intact pills.  Based upon adult bioavailability data, evaluation of this 
oral solution cohort will begin at dose level 1B, with possible escalation to 2B or de-escalation to -
1B.  The dose will be assigned at study entry.  These patients will be required to participate in 
pharmacokinetic testing.            
 
Disease evaluation will take place during the third week of cycles 2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles. 
Patients may receive up to 34 cycles of therapy (~2 years) on study in the absence of dose-
limiting toxicity (DLT) or progressive disease. Decisions regarding additional therapy on this study 
will be made by the study chair and treating physician in collaboration with the vice chair and 
sponsor. 
Disease evaluation after cycles 
2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles. 


 
 
 
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1.0 
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (SCIENTIFIC AIMS) 
 
 
Primary Aims: 
 
1.1 To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MLN8237 when given together with 
fixed doses of irinotecan and temozolomide in children and young adults with relapsed or 
refractory neuroblastoma. 
 
1.2 To describe the toxicities of the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide 
in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma 
 
1.3 To characterize the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan as well as MLN8237 enteric coated 
tablet and oral solution formulations in patients treated with this regimen 
 
1.4 To determine the response rate for patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma 
treated with MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide at the identified MTD 
 
 
Secondary Aim: 
 
1.5 To determine the progression free survival rates for patients with relapsed or refractory 
neuroblastoma treated with MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide at the identified 
MTD  
 
Additional/Correlative Aims  
 
1.6 To explore whether MYCN status and markers of expression of Aurora A in archival 
tumor tissue are associated with the antitumor activity of the combination of MLN8237, 
irinotecan, and temozolomide 
 
1.7 To explore whether UGT1A1 genotype is associated with toxicity in children with 
refractory neuroblastoma treated with the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide 
 
1.8 To explore whether AURKA genotype is associated with antitumor activity in children with 
refractory neuroblastoma treated with the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide.   
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 11 
2.0 
BACKGROUND 
 
2.1 
Neuroblastoma 
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid cancer of childhood.[1]  Most patients are 
initially diagnosed prior to 10 years of age.  Approximately 50% of patients present with initially 
metastatic disease.  Many of these patients are either refractory to initial therapy or develop 
recurrent disease after receiving multimodal therapy.  The outcome for patients with recurrent or 
refractory disease remains poor. Novel approaches to treating these patients are required to 
improve their outcome. 
 
2.2 
Irinotecan and Temozolomide for Relapsed and Refractory Neuroblastoma   
The combination of irinotecan and temozolomide has demonstrated activity in several pediatric 
solid tumors.  In a pediatric phase I study utilizing a protracted irinotecan schedule (once daily for 
5 days each week for two weeks), one patient with Ewing sarcoma achieved a complete 
response to therapy.[2]  Another patient with Ewing sarcoma and a patient with neuroblastoma 
had partial responses.   
 
With this initial experience, several studies have evaluated this combination specifically in 
patients with neuroblastoma.  A Children’s Oncology Group phase II study was conducted in 59 
patients with recurrent or refractory disease using temozolomide 100 mg/m2/day orally x 5 days 
and irinotecan 10 mg/m2/day IV once daily for 5 days  each week for two weeks.[3]  The objective 
response rate was 16%.  Stable disease was documented as best response to therapy in an 
additional 47% of patients.  A second study in patients with neuroblastoma evaluated oral 
irinotecan together with temozolomide.[4]  This combination resulted in 1 patient out of 14 total 
patients with a complete response as well as stabilization of disease in an additional 6 patients.  
A report of a single institution study describes 49 patients with neuroblastoma treated with 
temozolomide 150 mg/m2/day orally x 5 days and irinotecan 50 mg/m2/day IV once daily for 5 
days every three weeks .[5]  One third of patients (12/36) treated in this series showed tumor 
regression, although only 3 of the 36 patients evaluable for response had a complete or partial 
response.   
 
The incidence of thrombocytopenia or neutropenia > grade 3 associated with this combination 
appears to be relatively low.  In the COG phase II study in neuroblastoma, 9% and 25% of 
patients experienced > grade 3 thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, respectively.[3]  In one case 
series in patients with Ewing sarcoma, 11% and 12% of cycles were associated with > grade 3 
thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, respectively.[6]  These results suggest that an additional 
myelosuppressive agent could be added to this combination.  Moreover, the incidence of grade 3 
or 4 diarrhea was < 5% in these studies, suggesting that non-hematologic toxicity is also 
manageable with this combination.[3,6]  Irinotecan-associated diarrhea can be abrogated with the 
use of oral antibiotics, including cefixime.[7] 
 
This protocol utilizes irinotecan administered once daily for 5 days for one week rather than two 
weeks.  This schedule has been selected for several reasons.  First, irinotecan administered with 
temozolomide on this schedule has activity in patients with neuroblastoma.[5]  Second, 
experience in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma on COG protocol ARST0121 has shown that the 
antitumor activity of this combination is not compromised by the use of a one week schedule.[8]  
Third, the one week schedule is advantageous in terms of cost and patient convenience.     
 
2.3   
Role of Aurora A Kinase in Neuroblastoma   
The Aurora family of serine/threonine protein kinases plays a critical role in the regulation of 
chromosomal segregation and cytokinesis during mitotic progression.[9]The Aurora A kinase 
gene is amplified or overexpressed in many tumors, including colon, breast, pancreatic, bladder 
cancers, and in neuroblastoma cell lines.[10,11]Aurora A overexpression is associated with 
aneuploidy and centrosome amplification, and overexpression of Aurora A kinase results in the 
transformation of normal cells, supporting the hypothesis that Aurora A is an oncogene. Given 
this role, investigators have begun to study this kinase in the context of human cancer.   
 
While its importance in many pediatric solid tumors remains poorly understood, a role for Aurora 
A kinase in the growth of neuroblastoma has been reported.  Otto and colleagues reported that 
Aurora A interacts with MYCN, and sequesters it from proteolytic degradation.[10]This group 
further demonstrated that Aurora A stabilizes the MYCN protein through a direct physical 


 
 
 
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 12 
interaction and interferes with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in a kinase independent manner. 
Aurora A protein expression is enhanced by MYCN expression and MYCN protein levels decline 
if aurora A gene expression is inhibited.[10]  Suppression of Aurora A expression using shRNA 
inhibited the growth of MYCN-dependent neuroblastoma cell lines.[10]  Additional work has 
shown that 8 of 9 neuroblastoma cell lines over-expressed Aurora A mRNA and all 9 cell lines 
showed high levels of Aurora A protein.[12]  Aurora A mRNA and protein expression in human 
neuroblastoma tumors appears to be correlated with established adverse prognostic factors in 
this disease, including advanced stage and MYCN amplification.[12]  Increased Aurora A mRNA 
level was associated with inferior progression-free survival, even after controlling for COG risk 
category. 
 
MLN8237 is a small molecule, ATP-competitive, reversible inhibitor of Aurora A kinase that is 
being developed for the treatment of advanced malignancies.  The National Cancer Institute’s 
Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) tested MLN8237 against their in vitro panel at 
concentrations ranging from 1.0 nM to 10 mM and against their in vivo panel at a dose of 20 
mg/kg administered orally twice daily x 5 days repeated weekly. Treatment duration was 6 weeks 
for solid tumor xenografts, with a total treatment/observation period of 6 weeks for all xenografts. 
MLN8237 significantly increased event-free survival EFS in 31 of 38 (82%) evaluable solid tumor 
xenografts.[13]  Maintained complete responses were observed in 4 of 5 neuroblastoma 
xenografts.[13]The very high level of in vivo activity observed against the neuroblastoma panel far 
exceeds that observed for standard agents evaluated by the PPTP that are used in the treatment 
of neuroblastoma (e.g., vincristine, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide). 
 
2.4 
Preclinical Activity of Aurora A Kinase Inhibition with Other Cytotoxic Agents 
MLN8237 added to docetaxel has been shown to result in synergistic reductions in tumor volume 
in xenograft models of breast and prostate cancer.[14]  In these studies, MLN8237 was given 
orally daily for 21 days and docetaxel was administered IV once weekly for 3 doses.  Synergistic 
cytotoxicity was observed at both low and high MLN8237 doses. 
 
Additional studies have combined MLN8237 with rituximab in preclinical models of B-cell non-
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.[15]  In these studies, at least additive cytotoxicity was observed with the 
combination compared with mice treated with single agent therapy.  Moreover, mice treated with 
the combination of MLN8237 and rituximab showed prolonged survival compared to mice treated 
with single agent therapy.  These results suggest that additive effects of MLN8237 are not 
restricted to combinations with M-phase specific agents.    
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 13 
Figure 1.  Preclinical in vitro data combining MLN8237 and irinotecan in Kelly and EbC1 
neuroblastoma cell lines.  Dose-Response Curves demonstrating reduction in cell survival with 
the combination of irinotecan and MLN8237 (blue curves) compared to either agent alone. 
 
Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with siRNA directed against Aurora A significantly 
attenuates cell growth.[12]  Combined treatment of these cells with this siRNA and doxorubicin 
resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity.[12]Preliminary in vitro studies indicate that MLN8237 added to 
irinotecan or temozolomide results in at least additive cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cell lines 
(Y. Mosse,ASCO 2010 Annual Meeting, Abstract #50614; see Figure 1for results with irinotecan). 
Formal evaluation for synergy demonstrated moderate synergy for MLN8237 in combination with 
irinotecan (combination indices < 1), table 1. 
 
Table 1. 
 
 
Follow-up studies have evaluated MLN8237 in combination with irinotecan and temozolomide in 
an in vivo preclinical model of neuroblastoma.[24]  Simultaneous treatment with this combination 
prevented tumor growth and also resulted in prolonged survival compared to mice treated with 
either single-agent MLN8237 or irinotecan/temozolomide (Y.Mosse,ASCO 2010 Annual Meeting, 
Abstract #50614Figure 2).These results suggest that MLN8237 provides at least additive 
cytotoxicity when combined with chemotherapy.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 2.  Tumor volume over time from in vivo studies in a mouse xenograft model derived 
from CHLA 79 andNB1691 neuroblastoma cells.   


 
 
 
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 14 
2.5 
Preclinical Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Data of MLN8237 
MLN8237 is a selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of Aurora A kinase.  The drug shows good oral 
bioavailability.  The major route of metabolism involves glucuronidation.  The target plasma 
concentration for maximal efficacy based on preclinical studies is approximately 1 micromolar.  
The dose-limiting toxicities observed in animal studies included mucosal toxicity and reversible 
myelosuppression.     
 
At clinically relevant concentrations, MLN8237 is not anticipated to interact with drugs 
metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. Potential drug-drug interactions may occur when 
MLN8237 is co-administered with a P-glycoprotein substrate. Cross-reactivity with the GABAA 
receptor has been observed at plasma concentrations above clinical concentrations, raising the 
possibility of interactions with benzodiazepines and alcohol. 
 
Specific preclinical modeling of drug-drug interactions between MLN8237 and irinotecan has 
been performed by Millennium (Sudha Parasuraman, personal communication).  Human liver 
microsome studies evaluated the effect of irinotecan and its metabolites on MLN8237 metabolism 
as well as the effect of MLN8237 on irinotecan and SN-38 metabolism.  MLN8237 
glucuronidation and hydroxylation were not inhibited by irinotecan or its metabolites when tested 
at concentrations up to 10 times their clinically relevant concentrations.  In contrast, MLN8237 
resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of the conversion of irinotecan to SN-38 and also 
glucuronidation of SN-38.  The IC50 values for inhibition of each of these steps were 18 µM and 4 
µM, respectively.  Based on the observed Cmax values of 2-10 µM in COG protocol ADVL0812 
with single-agent MLN8237, these IC50 values suggest the possibility of an impact on irinotecan 
metabolism at clinically relevant concentrations of MLN8237.  These findings support the 
inclusion of mandatory pharmacokinetic sampling at Day 4 of cycle 1 during the phase I portion of 
the study.   
 
2.6 
Human Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity with MLN8237 
MLN8237 is absorbed orally with a median Tmax of 2 hours.  The half-life is approximately 18 
hours and steady state concentrations are achieved after 7 days of once daily dosing.  Exposure 
appears to be dose-proportional over clinically relevant concentrations. 
 
Toxicities observed in adult phase I studies of MLN8237 have been consistent with preclinical 
studies.  The most common toxicities have included mucositis and myelosuppression.  
Somnolence and confusion have also been observed at higher doses and have been attributed to 
effects on the GABAA receptor.  While diarrhea has been reported in approximately 40% of 
patients, no cases of dose limiting diarrhea have been noted.  The recommended dose in adults 
is 50 mg by mouth twice daily for 7 days followed by 14 days of rest.   
 
COG protocol ADVL0812 evaluated MLN8237 (capsule formulation) in children with refractory 
solid tumors and leukemia (Table). Thirty seven subjects were enrolled on the pediatric phase 1 
study of MLN8237. Twenty-four subjects were enrolled and 21 were fully evaluable for toxicity on 
stratum A1 (once daily dosing) and 13 enrolled and 11 fully evaluable  on stratum A2 (BID 
dosing). On stratum A1, hematologic DLTs were not observed until dose level 4 (100 
mg/m2/dose), with 3 subjects experiencing 5 total DLTs (ranging from Grade 4 neutrophils, Grade 
4 platelets, and thrombocytopenia that caused a delay of >14 days between treatment cycles). 
One subject on stratum A1 experienced a Grade 4 mood alteration/depression DLT at dose level 
3 (80 mg/m2/dose) and one patient experience dose-limiting mucositis at dose level 1 (45 
mg/m2/dose). On stratum A2, two of six evaluable subjects experienced a hematologic DLT 
(Grade 4 neutrophils) at dose level 1 (40 mg/m2/dose; equivalent to dose level 3 on stratum A1, 
80 mg/m2/day divided BID), and 1 of those subjects also experienced a non-hematologic DLT 
(Grade 3 mucositis).  Therefore, there was a de-escalation to dose level -1 (30 mg/m2/dose; 
equivalent to dose level 2 on stratum A1, 60 mg/m2/day divided BID). In addition, 5/11 patients 
have had rash/desquamation (grade > 2) or hand foot syndrome on the bid schedule versus 1/21 
on the once daily dosing schedule. Grade 1 diarrhea was reported in 4 of 21 patients.  Higher 
grade diarrhea was not observed.   Of the 5 patients enrolled at dose level -1 of stratum A2, one 
patient had dose-limiting elevations in alkaline phosphatase.  However, despite the fact that the 
BID dosing regimen appears to be well-tolerated in adult studies, there is a different toxicity 
profile in pediatric patients with more frequent myelosuppression causing delays as well as hand-
foot syndrome. This dosing strategy thus appears to be less tolerable overall in children.  
Therefore, the recommended phase 2 dose is 80 mg/m2 dose once daily (dose level 3 on stratum 
A1).[16] 


 
 
 
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Following an initial dose at 45-80 mg/m2, all subjects tested on ADVL0812 showed peak plasma 
concentrations of MLN8237 well in excess of 1 µM, with peak concentrations in the range of 2-10 
µM. MLN8237 was rapidly absorbed after an oral dose, with a median (range) Tmax of 2.3 (1.1-
3.1) hours. At the recommended single-agent phase 2 dose (80 mg/m2 PO once daily) the mean 
AUC0-24was 75.2 µM•h.  Wide interpatient variability in drug disposition was observed.  The 
median (range) half-life was 7.34 (6.13-8.64) hours. The median (range) apparent clearance 
(CL/F) was 34 (16-59) ml/min/m2, and CL/F was similar in males (36 ml/min/m2) and females (32 
ml/min/m2). These preliminary pediatric pharmacokinetic results suggest that drug concentrations 
used in preclinical studies are clinically attainable at the dosing range proposed in this study.       
 
Table 2.Details of dose escalation on phase I portion of COG protocol ADVL0812.   
Dose Level 
Number of 
Evaluable Patients 
Number of Courses 
Number of Patients 
with Cycle 1 DLT 
45 mg/m2/dose once 
daily 
6 
6 
1 
60 mg/m2/dose once 
daily 
5 
28 
0 
80 mg/m2/dose once 
daily 
6 
21 
1 
100 mg/m2/dose once 
daily 
4 
9 
3 
80 mg/m2/day BID 
6 
9 
2 
60 mg/m2/day BID 
5 
17 
1 
 
MLN8237 was initially formulated as a capsule.  Considerable inter-patient variability in the 
pharmacokinetic profile of this agent was observed, and was thought to be at least partially 
attributable to its formulation.  For this reason an enteric-coated tablet has been developed.  This 
formulation results in more consistent pharmacokinetic results.  In adults (n=22) the relative 
bioavailability of the enteric coated tablet formulation in reference to the original powder in 
capsule formulation was 90% (90% CI, 74.4, 108.8).{Dees, 2012 #34}  In addition, the enteric 
coated tablet formulation has already been shown to be well-tolerated in adults using doses of up 
to 40 mg by mouth twice daily, which is 80% of the adult MTD with the previous capsule 
formulation.  This study will utilize the enteric-coated tablet formulation for patients who are able 
to swallow intact pills.   
 
 
2.7 
Clinical Activity of MLN8237 
In adult phase I studies of MLN8237, activity was observed in a patient with liposarcoma and 
ovarian carcinoma.  Further single-agent evaluation is ongoing in adults with hematologic 
malignancies and ovarian cancer.  Evaluation of MLN8237 with taxane-based chemotherapy is 
ongoing in adults with ovarian or prostate cancer.   
 
Initial data regarding the antitumor activity of MLN8237 in pediatric patients have recently been 
published.[16]  Of 33 children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors treated on ADVL0812, one 
patient with hepatoblastoma had a partial response.  In addition, four patients with neuroblastoma 
had prolonged stable disease for 6, 9, 10, and 35 cycles of single-agent MLN8237.  
 
2.8 
UGT1A1 Polymorphisms and Irinotecan-Associated Toxicity 
The active form of irinotecan is SN38.  The UGT1A1 enzyme is thought to be the predominant 
enzyme involved in inactivating SN38 via glucuronidation.  A growing body of literature has 
implicated polymorphisms in the promoter region of UGT1A1 gene in inter-patient variability in 
irinotecan exposure and toxicity.[17]  The UGT1A1*28 allele leads to reduced expression of the 
gene and therefore diminished inactivation of SN38.[17]  Several groups have demonstrated that 
adults who are homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele have an increased risk of irinotecan-
associated toxicity, particularly neutropenia.[17-20]Other groups have found that this effect is not 
seen with lower doses of irinotecan administered on a protracted schedule. [18-20] 
 
 


 
 
 
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 16 
MLN8237 also undergoes glucuronidation during its metabolism, which is partially mediated by 
UGT1A1.  Therefore, genotyping of UGT1A1 is of particular interest in this first study evaluating 
irinotecan used in combination with MLN8237.  An optional correlative study will involve 
genotyping patients for UGT1A1 promoter polymorphisms and correlating genotype with toxicity 
in patients receiving irinotecan and MLN8237.   
 
 
Evaluation of Tissue Aurora A Expression 
Increased tumor expression of Aurora A mRNA and protein has recently been shown to correlate 
with adverse prognostic factors and adverse outcome in patients with neuroblastoma.[12]  It 
remains unclear whether Aurora A mRNA and/or protein expression will correlate with response 
to Aurora kinase inhibitors, such as MLN8237.  An optional correlative study will involve 
evaluation of Aurora A expression in archival neuroblastoma tumor tissue for correlation with 
clinical response. 
 
2.9 
Evaluation of AURKA Polymorphisms and Response to Aurora A Kinase Inhibition 
The gene encoding Aurora A kinase, AURKA, contains two missense polymorphisms with minor 
allele frequencies greater than 10%:  rs1047972 (18% minor allele frequency) and rs2273535 
(30% minor allele frequency).  Several studies have evaluated a potential role for these and other 
AURKA polymorphisms in the risk of developing a range of cancers, with mixed results[25-,28].  
In addition, there is some evidence that the presence of AURKA polymorphism may impact the 
clinical behavior of breast or gastric cancer [29,30].  To date, only one small study has described 
the impact of AURKA polymorphisms on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a pan-Aurora kinase 
inhibitor, with negative findings [31].  It remains unclear whether AURKA polymorphisms might be 
associated with response to a specific Aurora A kinase inhibitor.  An optional correlative study will 
involve evaluation of two common AURKA missense polymorphisms and response to protocol 
therapy.    
 
2.10 
Summary and Rationale for Clinical Use of MLN8237 with Irinotecan and 
Temozolomide 
The combination of irinotecan and temozolomide is well-tolerated and provides a modest degree 
of anti-tumor activity in heavily pre-treated patients.  The toxicity profile and activity level suggest 
that this combination may serve as a useful platform onto which novel compounds may be added.  
MLN8237 demonstrates compelling single-agent activity in preclinical models of neuroblastoma.  
Aurora A kinase inhibition results in at least additive cytotoxicity when used in combination with 
other chemotherapy agents.  This trial therefore will evaluate MLN8237 added to irinotecan and 
temozolomide.  While both irinotecan and MLN8237 are metabolized via UGT1A1, neither drug 
has been shown to induce or inhibit UGT1A1.  Patients in the phase I portion of this trial will have 
detailed pharmacokinetic assessment of irinotecan and MLN8237 levels.  Optional studies 
include assessment of UGT1A1and AURKA polymorphisms and tumor Aurora A expression 
levels.   
  
2.11 
Rationale for Amendment #3 
The protocol initially opened to enrollment using protocol version Amendment #2.  Six patients 
enrolled to dose level 1.  Two patients experienced protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicities during 
the first cycle of therapy. One patient developed grade 3 mucositis, prolonged grade 4 
neutropenia, and treatment delay due to ongoing thrombocytopenia, in addition to grade 3 
dehydration, anorexia and febrile neutropenia.  The other patient had treatment delay due to 
ongoing neutropenia.  In addition, three of six patients experienced grade 3 diarrhea in dose level 
1.  In dose level 1, the use of myeloid growth factor support and cephalosporin diarrhea 
prophylaxis were not mandated.  After review of the toxicity profile seen in dose level 1, the study 
committee determined that further development of this combination should include mandatory 
myeloid growth factor support and cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis.  Amendment #3 makes 
this change and resumes evaluation of this combination with dose level 1B that uses the same 
doses of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide as evaluated in dose level 1, but with 
mandatory supportive care measures.   
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 17 
2.12 
Rationale for Amendment #5 
Amendment #4 was an administrative amendment.   
 
Amendment #5 designates the recommended phase 2 dose for this regimen when used with 
enteric coated tablets.  After Amendment #3, dose levels 1B, 2B, and 3B were evaluated in the 
phase 1 portion of the study.  At dose level 1B, 0 / 6 patients had first-course DLT.  At dose level 
2B, 1 / 6 patients had first-course DLT (prolonged grade 4 neutropenia).  At dose level 3B, 2 / 4 
evaluable patients had first-course DLT (prolonged grade 4 neutropenia; failure to meet platelet 
criteria by Day 35 of course 1).  This experience established the recommended phase 2 dose as 
dose level 2B when used with MLN8237 enteric coated tablets.  With Amendment 5, the phase 2 
portion of the study is open to patients who are able to swallow intact pills.  Patients on the phase 
2 portion will begin therapy at dose level 2B and will utilize the enteric coated tablet formulation. 
   
Amendment #5 also adds a cohort of patients treated with an MLN8237 oral solution.  This new 
solution will provide access to patients who are unable to swallow intact pills.  The 
pharmacokinetics of an oral solution formulation of MLN8237 was evaluated in 17 adult patients 
who participated in a cross-over relative bioavailability study evaluating both the powder-in-
capsule formulation (with similar bioavailability to the current enteric coated tablet formulation) 
and the oral solution. The geometric mean ratios (oral solution in reference to the powder-in-
capsule) for exposure (AUCinf) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were determined as 1.26 
(90% CI 1.09-1.47) and 1.90 (1.52-2.37), respectively (Investigator Brochure).  Based upon these 
results, pediatric patients receiving single-agent MLN8237 as the oral solution are recommended 
to receive 60 mg/m2/dose instead of the standard pediatric dose of 80 mg/m2 obtained with intact 
pills.  In the context of the current combination regimen in which the recommended phase 2 
MLN8237 dose with enteric coated tablets is 60 mg/m2/dose, patients in the oral solution cohort 
will begin therapy at dose level 1B with 45 mg/m2 MLN8237.  Patients in this cohort will 
exclusively receive the oral solution and will be required to participate in pharmacokinetic testing.     
 
Amendment #5 also changes the dose modification procedures to utilize the existing dose levels 
rather than using 25% dose reductions.  This change will facilitate dose rounding in a more 
uniform manner based upon the existing protocol dosing nomograms.     
 
Amendment #5 also updates NANT response criteria, including criteria for evaluable disease.   
 
2.13 
Rationale for Amendment #6 
Experience with this regimen prior to Amendment #6 has demonstrated that hematologic toxicity 
is the primary dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).  However, some DLTs have been uncomplicated grade 
4 neutropenia for > 1 week (to date, one episode in course 1 in the phase II portion in the 
absence of other DLT) or uncomplicated thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions more 
than twice in a 1 week period (to date, one episode in course 1 in the phase II portion in the 
absence of other DLT).  Having grade 4 neutropenia for > 1 week or need for multiple platelet 
transfusions during a nadir is consistent with the degree of hematologic toxicity seen in other 
common regimens used for patients with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma and in some 
regimens used in patients with relapsed disease.  Therefore, with Amendment #6, these elements 
of the definition of hematologic DLT are removed.  Hematologic DLT will be defined solely on the 
basis of delays in starting subsequent courses beyond day 36 due to failure to recover counts.  
Day 36 has been updated from Day 35, as that would be a true two week delay, and allowing for 
patients to stay on a Monday start schedule.  
   
Prior to Amendment #6, the statistical design allowed up to 6 patients from the phase I portion of 
the trial to contribute to the phase II portion of the trial.  Given early evidence of activity of this 
regimen, there is a desire to complete a full independent phase II evaluation of this regimen.  
Amendment #6 formally separates the phase I and phase II portions of the study and will require 
an additional 6 patients evaluable for response.  Patient accrual to the phase II portion has been 
rapid, such that enrolling an additional 6 patients is feasible. 
 
Amendment #6 also updates eligibility and response criteria for uniformity with other current 
active NANT clinical trials.  The consent form and drug information section have been updated to 
include updated risk tables based upon the most recent MLN8237 Investigators Brochure.  
Additional minor edits are also included.   
 


 
 
 
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 18 
2.14 Rationale for Amendment #7  
This amendment reflects the change of institution for Steven DuBois, MD, Study Chairperson and 
IND holder, from University of California, San Francisco to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.   An 
additional update to NANT participating sites includes a change in Principal Investigator for 
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto from Sylvain Baruchel, MD to Meredith Irwin, MD.   
 
 
2.15 Rationale for Amendment #8 
This amendment reflects the change in NANT Site Principal Investigator for Seattle Children’s 
Hospital from Julie Park, MD to Navin Pinto, MD; the change in NANT Site Principal Investigator 
for Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital from Clare Twist, MD to Sheri Spunt, MD; and the change 
in NANT Site Principal Investigator for C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital from Gregory Yanik, MD to 
Rajen Mody, MD.  This also includes the removal of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center as 
a participating site.  
 


 
 
 
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 19 
3.0 
PATIENT ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND REGISTRATION 
 
3.1 
Patient Preparation for Study Entry and Registration 
 
Patient Registration On Study: 
Eligible patients will be registered by contacting the NANT Operations Center at Children’s 
Hospital Los Angeles Monday through Friday, 8:30am – 5:00 pm Pacific Time at (323) 361-5687 
except holidays. The information requested on the N2009-03 Demographic, Eligibility, and On 
Study Forms must be completed, and the signed informed consent along with the documentation 
confirming eligibility must be FAX’d to (323) 361-1803 for registration to occur. Each patient will 
be assigned a unique NANT registration and study subject number.  The dose level will be 
assigned by the NANT Operations Center at the time of study registration. Once eligibility is 
verified, the NANT Operations center will send an email confirming registration which must be 
received prior to starting any protocol therapy or the patient will be declared ineligible. This email 
will also assign the dose level, and will be sent to the treating facility, Study Chair, and Study 
Vice-Chair. A registration worksheet is available on the web site (www.NANT.org) in the data 
forms packet to assist institutions with registration requirements for this protocol.  
 
 Contact Person: 
 
Research Coordinator  
 
 
 
 
NANT Operations Center 
 
 
 
 
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles 
 
 
 
 
4650 Sunset Blvd, MS #54 
 
 
 
 
Los Angeles, CA 90027 
 
 
 
 
Phone:  (323) 361-5687 
 
 
 
 
FAX:  (323) 361- 1803 
 
 
 
 
 
To allow non-English speaking patients to participate in this study, bilingual health services will be 
provided in the appropriate language when feasible. 
 
Patients are required to start protocol therapy within 1 week of study enrollment. The start of 
protocol therapy is defined as the start of oral cephalosporin in Day -1.  Protocol therapy must not 
start until the patient has been enrolled. 
 
Co-enrollment on NANT 2004-05 (Neuroblastoma Biology Study) is strongly encouraged.  
 
Important note: The eligibility criteria listed below are interpreted literally and cannot be 
waived. 
 
3.2 
Inclusion Criteria 
 
 
3.2.1 
Age 
Patients must be > 12 months and < 30 years of age when registered on study.  
 
3.2.2 
Diagnosis 
Patients must have a diagnosis of neuroblastoma either by histologic verification of 
neuroblastoma and/or demonstration of tumor cells in the bone marrow with increased urinary 
catecholamines. 
 
3.2.3 
Disease Stage/risk group 
Patients must have high-risk neuroblastoma according to COG risk classification at the time of 
study enrollment.  Patients who were initially considered low or intermediate risk, but were then 
reclassified as high risk are also eligible. 
 
 
3.2.4   Response to Prior Therapy (using INRC definitions): 
 
3.2.4.1 Recurrent/progressive disease at any time prior to enrollment – regardless of response to 
frontline therapy.     
 


 
 
 
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3.2.4.2 Refractory disease:  persistent sites of disease after achieving a best overall response of 
no response to frontline therapy after a minimum of 4 cycles of induction therapy AND 
patient has never had recurrent/progressive disease.  
 
3.2.4.3 Persistent disease: persistent sites of disease after achieving a best overall response of 
partial response to frontline therapy after a minimum of 4 cycles of induction therapy AND 
patient has never had recurrent/progressive disease.  
 
 
 
3.2.5   Sites of Disease 
Patients must have at least ONE of the following (lesions may have received prior radiation 
therapy as long as they meet the other criteria listed below): 
 
3.2.5.1 Bone disease 
At least one MIBG avid bone site or diffuse MIBG uptake.   
a. For recurrent/progressive or refractory disease, a biopsy is not required regardless of 
number of MIBG avid lesions. 
 
b. For persistent disease, if patient has only 1 or 2 MIBG avid lesions OR a Curie Score of 
1-2, then biopsy confirmation of neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma in at least 
one site present at the time of enrollment (bone marrow, bone, or soft tissue) is required 
to be obtained at any time point prior to enrollment and two weeks subsequent to most 
recent prior therapy.  If a patient has 3 or more MIBG avid lesions OR a Curie Score of ≥ 
3 then no biopsy is required for eligibility. 
 
c. If tumor is known to be MIBG non-avid, then a patient must have at least one FDG-PET 
avid bone site present at the time of enrollment with biopsy confirmation of 
neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma obtained at any time prior to enrollment and 
two weeks subsequent to most recent prior therapy. 
 
3.2.5.2 Any amount of neuroblastoma tumor cells in the bone marrow based on routine  
morphology (with or without immunocytochemistry) in at least one sample from bilateral 
aspirates and biopsies.  
 
3.2.5.3 At least one soft tissue lesion that meets criteria for a TARGET lesion as defined by: 
a. SIZE:  Lesion can be accurately measured in at least one dimension with a longest 
diameter ≥ 10mm, or for lymph nodes ≥ 15mm on short axis.  Lesions meeting size 
criteria will be considered measurable. 
 
b. In addition to size, a lesion needs to meet ONE of the following criteria: 
i. 
MIBG avid.  For patients with persistent disease only:  If a patient has only 1 or 2 
MIBG avid lesions OR a Curie Score of 1 – 2, then biopsy confirmation of 
neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma in at least one site present at time 
of enrollment (either bone marrow, bone and/or soft tissue) is required to be 
obtained at any time point prior to enrollment and at least two weeks subsequent 
to most recent prior therapy.  If a patient has 3 or more MIBG avid lesions OR a 
Curie Score of ≥ 3 then no biopsy is required for eligibility. 
 
ii. 
FDG-PET avid (only if tumor known to be MIBG non-avid).  These patients 
must have had a biopsy confirming neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma 
in at least one FDG-PET avid site present at the time of enrollment done prior to 
enrollment and at least two weeks subsequent to the most recent prior therapy. 
 
iii. 
Non-avid lesion (both MIBG and FDG-PET non-avid).  These patients must 
have had a biopsy confirming neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma in at 
least one non-avid lesion present at the time of enrollment done prior to 
enrollment and at least two weeks subsequent to the most recent prior therapy. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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3.2.6  
Ability to Swallow Pills 
MLN8237 enteric coated tablets must be swallowed as whole tablets.  Therefore, patients must 
be able to swallow pills to be eligible for the phase 2 portion of the study.  Patients who are 
unable to swallow pills are eligible for the oral solution cohort.   
 
 
3.2.7 
Performance level  
 
Patients must have a Lansky (< 16 years) or Karnofsky (> 16 years) score of at least 50 (Appendix 
I). 
 
3.2.8 
Prior Therapy 
Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, 
immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study. 
 
Myelosuppressive chemotherapy and/or biologics: Last dose of any myelosuppressive therapy 
and/or biologics was given at least 3 weeks before the start date for therapy on this protocol.  
 
Radiation: Last dose of radiation was given ≥ 2 wks for local palliative XRT (small port); > 6 
weeks for prior MIBG therapy; ≥ 6 months must have elapsed if prior TBI or if ≥ 50% radiation of 
pelvis; ≥ 6 wks must have elapsed if other substantial BM radiation.   
 
Patients will be excluded if they have received craniospinal radiation.   
 
For patients with only one site of measurable or evaluable disease, radiation must not have been 
given to that site unless that site still has MIBG uptake or demonstrated clear progression after 
radiation, or a biopsy of the site demonstrated neuroblastoma at least 2 weeks after the last day 
of radiation. 
 
Stem Cell Transplant (SCT): Patients are eligible 12 weeks after myeloablative therapy with 
autologous stem cell transplant (timed from start of protocol therapy).  Patients must meet 
adequate bone marrow function definition (see organ function requirements, below) post-
myeloablative therapy.  Patients who received stem cell reinfusion following non-myeloablative 
therapy are eligible once they meet peripheral blood count criteria in 3.2.10.1. 
 
Patients status post-allogeneic stem cell transplant are excluded.   
 
Prior MLN8237, Irinotecan, and Temozolomide 
Patients who have received prior MLN8237 are excluded from all phases of the study. 
 
Patients previously treated with irinotecan and/or temozolomide will be eligible if they have not 
had documented progressive disease during treatment with a regimen containing these agents. 
 
Growth factor(s): All cytokines or myeloid growth factors must be discontinued a minimum of 7 
days prior to the start of protocol therapy. 
 
3.2.9 
Concomitant Therapy Restrictions  
 
a.  Patients must not be receiving any other anti-cancer agents or radiotherapy at the time of 
study entry or while on study. 
b.  Patients must not be receiving other investigational medications (covered under another 
IND) within 30 days of study entry or while on study. 
c. Patients must not be receiving cyclosporine, digoxin, tacrolimus, or sirolimus (p-
glycoprotein substrates) 
d. Patients must not be receiving scheduled benzodiazepine (such as lorazepam or 
diazepam) therapy.  Use of as-needed benzodiazepines is allowed, though discouraged.   
 
3.2.10 Organ Function Requirements 
 
 


 
 
 
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3.2.10.1 Hematologic Function:   
Patients must meet the following hematologic criteria for enrollment onto the oral solution cohort 
of the study regardless of bone marrow disease status:   
a.  
ANC: > 1000/uL (no hematopoietic growth factors within 7 days of the start date of 
protocol therapy); and 
b.  
Platelet count: > 100,000/µl, transfusion independent (no platelet transfusions within 1 
week of the start date of protocol therapy). 
 
Patients with bone marrow disease who meet the above count criteria will be eligible to enroll in 
the oral solution cohort of the study and will be evaluable for hematologic toxicity.   
 
Patients must meet the following hematologic criteria for enrollment onto the phase 2 portion of 
the study unless they have bone marrow disease:   
a.  
ANC: > 1000/uL (no hematopoietic growth factors within 7 days of the start date of 
protocol therapy); and 
b.  
Platelet count: > 100,000/µl, transfusion independent (no platelet transfusions within 1 
week of the start date of protocol therapy). 
 
Patients with bone marrow involvement on the phase 2 portion of the study must meet the 
following hematologic criteria.  These patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity or 
hematologic DLT: 
a. 
ANC > 750/µL (no hematopoietic growth factors within 7 days of the start date of protocol 
therapy); and   
b. 
Platelet count > 50,000/µL (platelet transfusions allowed). 
 
3.2.10.2 Renal Function:  
Patients must have adequate renal function defined as age-adjusted serum creatinine < 1.5 x 
normal for age (see below): 
 
 
Age 
Maximum 
Allowable 
Serum Creatinine 
< 5 years 
0.8 mg/dL 
> 5 and < 10 years 
1.0 mg/dL 
> 10 and < 15 years 
1.2 mg/dL 
> 15 years 
1.5 mg/dL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.2.10.3 Liver Function: 
a. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x normal for age; 
b. SGPT (ALT)  ≤135 U/L (<3x ULN) for the oral solution cohort and < 225 (<5x ULN) for the 
phase 2 portion of the study.  Note that for ALT, the upper limit of normal for all sites is defined as 
45 U/L. 
 
3.2.10.4 Reproductive Function: 
All post-menarchal females must have a negative serum or urine beta-HCG. Female subject must 
either be post-menopausal or surgically sterilized or willing to use an acceptable method of birth 
control (ie, a hormonal contraceptive, intra-uterine device, diaphragm with spermicide, condom 
with spermicide, or abstinence) for the duration of the study.  Male subject must agree to use an 
acceptable method for contraception during the entire study treatment period through 4 months 
after the last dose of MLN8237. 
 
3.2.11 Body Surface Area 
Due to the size of MLN8237 tablets, patients must be at least 0.38 m2 to be eligible for the phase 
2 portion of the study.  There is no BSA limit for patients participating in the oral solution cohort. 
 
 


 
 
 
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3.2.12 Coexisting Medical Conditions 
Patients with other ongoing serious medical issues must be approved by the study chair prior to 
registration. 
 
 
3.3 
Exclusion Criteria 
 
3.3.1 
Pregnancy, breast feeding, or unwillingness to use effective contraception during the study. 
 
3.3.2 
Patients status post-allogeneic stem cell transplant are not eligible. 
 
3.3.3 
Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety 
 
monitoring requirements of the study. 
 
3.3.4 
Patients with disease of any major organ system that would compromise their ability to 
 
withstand therapy. 
 
3.3.5 
Patients who are on hemodialysis. 
 
3.3.6 
Patients with an active or uncontrolled infection. Patients on prolonged antifungal therapy 
are still eligible if they are culture and biopsy negative in suspected radiographic lesions 
and meet other organ function criteria.  
 
3.3.7 
Known contraindication (eg allergy) to treatment with cefixime and cefpodoxime. 
 
3.3.8 
Patients with known intraparenchymal brain metastasis at study entry are excluded. 
Patients with metastasis to skull with intracranial extension are not excluded.  Patients 
with a history of previous CNS metastasis only are required to have brain CT and/or MRI 
to exclude brain metastasis at study entry. Otherwise, in the absence of symptoms to 
suggest brain metastasis, dedicated CT or MRI of brain is not required prior to study 
entry.   
 
3.3.9 
Treatment with clinically significant enzyme inducers, such as the enzyme-inducing 
antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine or phenobarbital, or rifampin, rifabutin, 
rifapentine or St. John's wort within 14 days prior to the first dose of MLN8237 and during 
the study must not be used as these may interfere with irinotecan metabolism. Non-
enzyme inducing anticonvulsants (Keppra, etc.) can be used after discussion with study 
chair. 
 
3.3.10 Requirement for constant administration of proton pump inhibitor, H2 antagonist, or 
pancreatic enzymes.  Intermittent uses of antacids or H2 antagonists are allowed as 
described in Section 4.7.6.  
3.3.11 Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B, or hepatitis 
C. Testing is not required in the absence of clinical findings or suspicion. 
 
3.4 
Regulatory 
 
3.4.1 
Informed Consent 
The patient and/or the patient’s legally authorized guardian must acknowledge in writing that 
consent to become a study subject has been obtained, in accordance with institutional policies 
approved by the US Department of Health and Human Services. 
 
3.4.2 
Protocol Approval 
All institutional, FDA, and NCI requirements for human studies must be met. 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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4.0 
TREATMENT PROGRAM 
 
4.1  
Treatment Overview 
 
Cycle of Treatment 
 
 
 
 
 
Day:    -1       0       1        2       3       4       5       6       7       8         21 
            C ------------------------------------------------------------------> 
                               Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir 
                               T       T       T       T       T 
                              M      M      M      M       M     M     M 
                                                                                              G 
 
Ir = Irinotecan 50 mg/m2/day IV days 1-5 
T = Temozolomide 100 mg/m2/day orally days 1-5 
M = MLN8237 by dose level once daily orally days 1-7  
C = oral cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis days -1 to +8 (required in Part B) 
G = myeloid growth factor starting on day 8 (required in Part B)      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior to the start of each cycle of therapy, patients must meet organ function requirements listed 
in section 3.2.10, with the exception of platelet and ANC criteria which differ from entry criteria:   
 
• 
Patients in any portion of the study entering the study with platelets > 100,000/uL 
(transfusion independent) and ANC > 1000/uL must recover to platelets > 
75,000/uL (transfusion independent) and ANC > 750/uL (off any myeloid growth 
factors for more than 24 hours) prior to the start of the next cycle of 
therapy.Patients in the phase 2 portion entering the study with bone marrow 
disease and  platelets < 100,000/uL or ANC < 1000/uL must recover to platelets 
> 50,000/uL (with transfusions) and ANC > 750/uL (off any myeloid growth 
factors for more than 24 hours) prior to the start of the next cycle.   
 
Disease evaluation will take place during the third week of cycles 2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles. 
Patients may receive up to 34 cycles of therapy (~2 years) on study in the absence of dose-
limiting toxicity (DLT) or progressive disease.  Decisions regarding additional therapy on this 
study will be made by the study chair and treating physician in collaboration with the vice chair 
and sponsor. 
 
4.2  
Drug Administration 
Please note the need for pharmacokinetic blood draws on Days 4 and 5 when choosing start date 
for Cycle 1. 
 
Doses should be adjusted based upon height and weight obtained within 1 week prior to the start 
of each cycle.   
 
Patients who enrolled during the Phase 1 portion and who remain on therapy should continue to 
follow guidelines for the oral solution cohort with the following exception:  patients taking the 
enteric coated tablet no longer need to fast before or after MLN8237 except as indicated below.  
 
Disease evaluation after cycles 
2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles. 
 


 
 
 
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4.2.1 
MLN8237 
MLN8237 will be given once daily by mouth on days 1-7 of each 21-day cycle.  On days 
1-5, the dose should be given one hour prior to the start of the irinotecan infusion and at 
the same time as the dose of temozolomide on those days.   
 
For patients in the phase 2 portion, the dose of MLN8237 will be 60 mg/m2 (dose level 
2B) using exclusively the enteric coated tablet The dose should be rounded to the 
nearest 10 mg using the dosing table in Appendix II, with doses capped at 2 m2.  Tablets 
should not be crushed, split, or chewed. The dose can be taken either on an empty 
stomach or with food on Days 6 and 7, though on Days 1-5 should be taken without food 
as the dose is taken at the same time as temozolomide (see below). If a patient vomits 
after taking a dose, it should not be re-dosed.     
 
For patients in the oral solution cohort, the dose of MLN8237 will be based upon the dose 
level assigned at study entry.  The oral solution may be administered by mouth, via 
nasogastric tube, or via gastrostomy tube.  The calculated dose should be rounded down 
to the nearest 0.5 mg (0.1 mL of the 5 mg/mL oral solution).  The dose must be taken on 
an empty stomach (NPO two hours before and one hour after each dose).  If a patient 
vomits after taking a dose, it should not be re-dosed.     
 
 
 
EXAMPLES 
o 
Assigned dose 45 mg/m2 and BSA 0.83 m2  Calculated dose = 37.35 
mg  Round down to 37.0 mg  Administer 7.4 mL of 5 mg/mL solution 
 
o 
Assigned dose 45 mg/m2 and BSA 0.84 m2  Calculated dose = 37.8 
mg  Round down to 37.5 mg  Administer 7.5 mL of 5 mg/mL solution 
 
 
For both formulations of the drug, systemic  antacids (both H2 receptor antagonists and 
proton pump inhibitors) may alter MLN8237 exposure and should be avoided during 
MLN8237 treatment.  Locally-acting antacids should not be taken simultaneously with 
MLN8237 but antacids can be given up to 2 hours prior or 2 hours following MLN8237 
administration. 
 
4.2.2 
Temozolomide 
Temozolomide will be given at a dose of 100 mg/m2/dose orally on days 1-5 of each 21-
day cycle.  The dose for patients < 0.5 m2 is 3.3 mg/kg/dose, respectively.  The dose 
should be rounded based on the dosing table in Appendix III, with doses capped at 2 m2.  
The dose should be given one hour prior to irinotecan infusion and should be given at the 
same time as the dose of MLN8237.  The dose should be taken on an empty stomach 
(NPO one hour before and one hour after each dose).  If a patient vomits within 20 
minutes of taking a dose, the dose should be re-dosed.  If a patient vomits more than 20 
minutes from taking a dose, the dose should not be re-dosed.   
 
For patients unable to swallow pills, temozolomide capsules can be opened and drug 
administered using the instructions given in Appendix IV.  Alternatively, an 
extemporaneous suspension can be prepared according to the instructions given in 
section 6.3.   
 
4.2.3 
Irinotecan 
Irinotecan will be given at a dose of 50 mg/m2/dose IV over 1 hour on days 1-5 of each 
21-day cycle. 
 
For patients with double-lumen central venous catheters who will have pharmacokinetic 
sampling performed in cycle 1 (i.e. all patients in the oral solution portion of the study and 
consenting patients in the phase 2 portion of the study), the following administration 
routine will keep one lumen available for pharmacokinetic sampling and avoid the need 
for peripheral IV placement for pharmacokinetic sampling: 


 
 
 
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--Use the same lumen for each of the irinotecan infusions on days 1-4 (leaving 
one lumen unexposed to irinotecan); 
 
--Run normal saline in the irinotecan unexposed lumen at a rate of 20 mL/hour 
starting 5 minutes before the start of the irinotecan infusion and continuing until 5 
minutes after the completion of the irinotecan infusion; 
 
--Flush and heparinize the irinotecan lumen following institutional standard 
practice while normal saline is still running in the irinotecan unexposed lumen; 
 
--Flush with normal saline and heparinize the irinotecan unexposed lumen 
following institutional standard practice after the irinotecan lumen has already 
been flushed. 
 
Since pharmacokinetic sampling is only performed in cycle 1, this routine need only be 
used in cycle 1.   
 
4.2.4 
Myeloid Growth Factor Support (required in all patients in Part B) 
All patients in Part B (dose levels ending in “B”; therefore all patients in the phase 2 
portion and the oral solution cohort) receive myeloid growth factor starting on day 8 of the 
first cycle of therapy.  The recommended regimen is filgrastim 5 micrograms/kg 
subcutaneously starting at least 24 hours after the last dose of MLN8237 and continuing 
until the ANC exceeds 2,000/µL post-nadir.  Filgrastim must be discontinued at least 24 
hours prior to the start of the next cycle of therapy.  A single dose of pegfilgrastim (100 
micrograms/kg; maximum dose 6 mg) given subcutaneously on day 8 may be substituted 
for filgrastim according to institutional standard practice. 
 
4.2.5 
Cephalosporin Diarrhea Prophylaxis (required in all patients in Part B) 
All patients in Part B (dose levels ending in “B”; therefore all patients in the phase 2 
portion and the oral solution cohort) receive cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis with 
starting with the first cycle of therapy.  The recommended regimen is cefixime 8 
mg/kg/dose (maximum daily dose 400 mg) given orally once daily starting on day -1 (2 
days before the start of irinotecan) and continuing until day +8 of each cycle.  An 
alternative regimen is cefpodoxime 10 mg/kg/day (maximum daily dose 800 mg) divided 
twice daily starting on day -1 (2 days before the start of irinotecan) and continuing until 
day 8 of each cycle. If neither cefixime nor cefpodoxime are available, then another oral 
third generation cephalosporin may be substituted using standard dosing for that agent.  
 
Patients who appear to be on schedule to begin a subsequent cycle of therapy on time 
should resume cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis on Day 20 of the current cycle (two 
days prior to planned Day 1 of the subsequent cycle).   
 
4.3 
Dose Escalation Schedule 
 
In the completed phase 1 portion, the starting dose of MLN8237 was 45 mg/m2/day given orally 
once daily.  This dose represented approximately 60% of the pediatric recommended phase 2 
dose of 80 mg/m2/day from COG protocol ADVL0812.  The dose escalation for the completed 
phase I portion is given below 
 
Dose Escalation for the Completed Phase I Portion 
Dose 
Level 
MLN8237 
Oral 
(Days 1-7) 
Irinotecan 
Intravenous 
(Days 1-5) 
Temozolomide 
Oral** 
(Days 1-5) 
Myeloid 
Growth 
Factor 
Support 
Cephalosporin 
Diarrhea 
Prophylaxis 
-1B 
30 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
1 
45 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Optional 
Optional 
1B 
45 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
2B 
60 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
3B 
80 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 


 
 
 
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**See section 4.2.2 for doses in patients < 0.5 m2. 
 
 
With Amendment 5, the phase 2 portion of the study is open to patients who are able to swallow 
intact pills.  All patients on the phase 2 portion will begin therapy at dose level 2B (60 mg/m2/day 
MLN8237) and will utilize the enteric coated tablet formulation. 
 
With Amendment 5, a cohort evaluating an MLN8237 oral solution is open to patients who are not 
able to swallow intact pills.  Based upon adult bioavailability data, evaluation of this oral solution 
cohort will begin at dose level 1B, with possible escalation to 2B or de-escalation to -1B based on 
pharmacokinetic data on dose level 1B.  The dose will be assigned at study entry.  These 
patients will be required to participate in pharmacokinetic testing.  
 
 
Dose Escalation for Patients who are Unable to Swallow Intact Pills and Who will Receive 
the Oral Solution of MLN8237  
Dose 
Level 
MLN8237 
Oral 
(Days 1-7) 
Irinotecan 
Intravenous 
(Days 1-5) 
Temozolomide 
Oral** 
(Days 1-5) 
Myeloid 
Growth 
Factor 
Support 
Cephalosporin 
Diarrhea 
Prophylaxis 
-1B 
30 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
1B 
45 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
2B 
60 mg/m2/day 
50 mg/m2/day 
100 mg/m2/day 
Required 
Required 
**See section 4.2.2 for doses in patients < 0.5 m2. 
 
The dose level will be assigned at the time of patient registration.  No intra-patient dose 
escalations are allowed. 
 
4.4 
Definition of Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) 
 
Toxicity will be graded using the CTCAE criteria, version 4.0. The CTCAE provides descriptive 
terminology and a grading scale for each adverse event listed. A copy of the CTCAE can be 
downloaded from the CTEP home page (http://ctep.cancer.gov). Any dose-limiting toxicity should 
be reported immediately through the NANT Operations Center to the Study Chair.  
 
Definition of Inevaluable for Dose Escalation Evaluation 
Patients who (1) receive < 5 of the 7 planned doses of MLN8237, < 4 of the 5 planned doses of 
irinotecan, or < 4 of the 5 planned doses of temozolomide in cycle 1 and (2) do not experience a 
DLT, will be replaced for the purposes of evaluating the dose level for dose escalation/de-
escalation purposes (see Section 10.2.1). 
 
Definition of Dose-Limiting Toxicity:  Note that the definition of DLT changed with Amendment 6.  
Once a site has IRB approval of Amendment 6, the DLT definition and therefore dose 
modification decisions in Amendment 6 will be used for assessment and management of any new 
toxicities for patients enrolling prior to Amendment 6 and who remain on protocol therapy.  
 
DLT is defined as any of the following events that are possibly, probably or definitely attributable 
to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide: 
• 
Any grade 4 or 5 non-hematologic toxicity  
• 
Any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity, with the exception of:  
--Grade 3 nausea, vomiting, anorexia or dehydration resolving to < = grade 2 within 72 
hours 
--Grade 3 transaminase elevation resolving to < grade 1 or baseline within 7 days of drug 
interruption/completion (if occurring on days 1-7 acceptable to continue drug through day 
7 of course) or within 7 days of first occurrence if toxicity first occurs after drug 
completion.  In either case, treating sites are to obtain repeat labs by the seventh day to 
determine whether the event meets DLT criteria.   
--Grade 3 diarrhea persisting for less than 72 hours 
--Grade 3 fever, infection or febrile neutropenia 


 
 
 
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--Grade 3 electrolyte disturbance resolving to < grade 1 or baseline within 7 days of drug 
interruption/completion (if occurring on days 1-7 acceptable to continue drug through day 
7 of course) or within 7 days of first occurrence if toxicity first occurs after drug 
completion.  In either case, supplementation is allowed and treating sites are to obtain 
repeat labs by the seventh day to determine whether the event meets DLT criteria.   
• 
Start of next cycle of therapy later than day 36 due to non-hematologic toxicity and/or not 
meeting criteria to start subsequent cycle  
• 
Dose-limiting neutropenia is defined as not meeting neutrophil criteria to start a 
subsequent course by day 36. 
• 
Dose-limiting thrombocytopenia is defined as not meeting platelet criteria to start a 
subsequent course by day 36. 
 
4.5 
Treatment Duration 
Patients may receive up to 34 cycles of therapy (~2 years) on study in the absence of progressive 
disease. Decisions regarding additional therapy on this study will be made by the study chair and 
treating physician in collaboration with the vice chair and sponsor. Patients experiencing dose-
limiting toxicity (DLT) may continue to receive therapy modified as described in section 4.6. 
 
4.6 
Dose Modification 
4.6.1 
Thrombocytopenia 
Patients evaluable for hematologic toxicity who develop dose-limiting thrombocytopenia 
(per section 4.4) should have their dose of temozolomide reduced to 75 mg/m2 (see 
Appendix IIIB). 
 
Patients who continue to have dose-limiting thrombocytopenia despite temozolomide 
dose reduction should have a bone marrow evaluation to exclude progressive bone 
marrow metastatic disease.  In the absence of progressive bone marrow disease, these 
patients should have their dose of MLN8237 reduced by one dose level.  Patients already 
receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who require dose 
reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting thrombocytopenia despite dose reductions in both 
MLN8237 and temozolomide will undergo up to one additional dose reduction of 
MLN8237 and temozolomide.  Temozolomide will be reduced first followed by MLN8237 
in the next cycle if the combination continues to result in dose limiting thrombocytopenia.  
The dose of temozolomide should be reduced to 50 mg/m2/dose, with dose rounded 
down to the nearest 5 mg.  The dose of MLN8237 should be reduced by an additional 
dose level.  Patients already receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 
10 mg and who require dose reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting thrombocytopenia despite two dose reductions in 
both MLN8237 and temozolomide will be removed from protocol therapy.     
 
Patients who are not evaluable for hematologic toxicity due to low counts and bone 
marrow involvement at study entry who develop dose limiting thrombocytopenia should 
undergo bone marrow re-evaluation.  If the bone marrow does not show progressive 
disease, then the dose modification strategy above should be followed. 
 
4.6.2 
Neutropenia 
Patients who have dose-limiting neutropenia despite myeloid growth factor support 
should have their dose of temozolomide reduced to 75 mg/m2 (see Appendix IIIB).  
These patients should continue to receive myeloid growth factor support.     
 
Patients who continue to have dose-limiting neutropenia despite myeloid growth factor 
support and temozolomide dose reduction are encouraged to undergo bone marrow 
evaluation to exclude progressive bone marrow metastatic disease.  In the absence of 
progressive bone marrow metastatic disease, these patients should have their dose of 
MLN8237 reduced by one dose level.  These patients should continue to receive myeloid 
growth factor support.  Patients already receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of 
MLN8237 of 10 mg and who require dose reduction will be removed from protocol 
therapy.   
 


 
 
 
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Patients with recurrent dose-limiting neutropenia despite myeloid growth factor support 
and dose reductions in both MLN8237 and temozolomide will undergo up to one 
additional dose reduction of MLN8237 and temozolomide in increments of 25% of the 
starting dose of each agent.  Temozolomide will be reduced first followed by MLN8237in 
the next cycle if the combination continues to result in dose limiting neutropenia.  The 
dose of temozolomide should be reduced to 50 mg/m2/dose, with dose rounded down to 
the nearest 5 mg.  The dose of MLN8237 should be reduced by an additional dose level.  
Patients already receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and 
who require dose reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting neutropenia despite myeloid growth factor support 
and two dose reductions in both MLN8237 and temozolomide will be removed from 
protocol therapy.     
 
Patients who are not evaluable for hematologic toxicity due to low counts and bone 
marrow involvement at study entry should undergo bone marrow re-evaluation if they 
develop dose-limiting neutropenia.  If the bone marrow does not show progressive 
disease, then the dose modification strategy above should be followed. 
 
4.6.3 
Mucositis 
Patients who develop dose-limiting mucositis (per section 4.4) should have their dose of 
MLN8237 reduced by one dose level with their next cycle of therapy.  Patients already 
receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who require dose 
reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients who continue to have dose-limiting mucositis despite initial MLN8237 dose 
reduction should have their dose of MLN8237 reduced by another dose level.  Patients 
already receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who 
require dose reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
If mucositis remains dose-limiting despite two MLN8237 dose reductions, temozolomide 
should be reduced to 75 mg/m2 (see Appendix IIIB).  Patients with recurrent dose-limiting 
mucositis despite these dose reductions should be removed from protocol therapy.       
 
4.6.4 
Diarrhea 
In addition to oral cephalosporin prophylaxis, other guidelines for patients with dose-
limiting diarrhea include consideration of the possibility of cholinergic syndrome if 
diarrhea occurs within hours of the irinotecan infusion. Patients with early diarrhea may 
benefit from pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg IV; max dose 0.4 mg), as well as 
prolonging the irinotecan infusion to 90 minutes.  Additional strategies for treating 
patients with therapy-associated diarrhea are given in section 5.5. 
 
Patients who continue to have dose-limiting diarrhea despite cephalosporin prophylaxis 
and other measures above should have the dose of irinotecan reduced by 25% to 37.5 
mg/m2/dose.  These patients should continue to receive the above supportive therapies 
with subsequent cycles. 
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting diarrhea despite supportive measures and irinotecan 
doe reduction should have the dose of irinotecan reduced by another 25% of the initial 
starting dose to 25 mg/m2/dose.      
 
If diarrhea remains dose-limiting despite two irinotecan dose reductions, MLN8237 
should be reduced by one dose level.  Patients already receiving dose level -1B or an 
absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who require dose reduction will be removed 
from protocol therapy.  Patients with recurrent dose-limiting diarrhea despite these dose 
reductions should be removed from protocol therapy.       
 
4.6.5 
Mood alterations 
Patients who develop dose-limiting mood alteration while receiving MLN8237 should 
have the remainder of the MLN8237 for that cycle held.  These patients should have their 
dose of MLN8237 reduced one dose level with their next cycle of therapy.  Patients 
already receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who 
require dose reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 


 
 
 
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Patients with recurrent dose-limiting mood alteration despite initial MLN8237 dose 
reduction should have their dose of MLN8237 reduced by another dose level.  Patients 
already receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who 
require dose reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting mood alteration despite these dose reductions will 
be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
4.6.6 
Other toxicities 
Patients who develop other dose-limiting non-hematologic toxicities (per section 4.4) 
should have their dose of MLN8237 reduced by one dose level.  Patients already 
receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who require dose 
reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting toxicity despite initial MLN8237 dose reduction 
should have their dose of MLN8237 reduced by another dose level.  Patients already 
receiving dose level -1B or an absolute dose of MLN8237 of 10 mg and who require dose 
reduction will be removed from protocol therapy.   
 
Patients with recurrent dose-limiting toxicity despite these dose reductions will be 
removed from protocol therapy.   
 
4.7 
Concomitant Therapy 
 
4.7.1 
No other cancer chemotherapy or immunomodulating agents will be used.   
 
4.7.2 
Palliative radiotherapy is not allowed on study.   
 
4.7.3 
Appropriate antibiotics, blood products, anti-emetics, fluids, electrolytes and general 
supportive care are to be used as necessary (see Section 5.0). 
 
4.7.4 
Patients may not receive cyclosporine, digoxin, tacrolimus, or sirolimus while on study. 
 
4.7.5 
Use of as-needed benzodiazepines is allowed, though discouraged.  Caution should be 
taken with concomitant use of as-needed benzodiazepines with MLN8237.  Such patients 
may be at increased risk for mood alteration and sedation due to combined GABA-ergic 
effects of both drugs.   
 
Use of scheduled benzodiazepines (defined as at least once daily on a chronic scheduled 
basis) is not allowed.   
 
4.7.6 
Systemic antacids (both H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors) may 
decrease MLN8237 exposure and should be avoided during MLN8237 treatment. 
Locally-acting antacids should not be taken simultaneously with MLN8237 but antacids 
can be given up to 2 hours prior or 2 hours following MLN8237 administration. 
 
4.7.7 
Enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine) must not  
be used as these may interfere with irinotecan metabolism. Non-enzyme inducing 
anticonvulsants (Keppra, etc.) can be used after discussion with study chair. The use of 
high dose dexamethasone and the use of aprepitant as antiemetics is not recommended 
due to effects on irinotecan metabolism 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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5.0 
SUPPORTIVE CARE 
 
5.1 
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Pneumonia 
 
All patients should receive PCP prophylaxis according to institutional guidelines. 
 
5.2 
Use of Myeloid Growth Factors 
Myeloid growth factor support is now required for all patients, as above.   
 
5.3 
Antiemetics 
This combination may be emetogenic.  Patients should receive antiemetic(s) starting a 
minimum of 30 minutes prior to the first dose of oral chemotherapy on days 1-7.  Use of 
benzodiazepines as a scheduled antiemetic is prohibited.  Use of benzodiazepines as an 
as needed antiemetic is discouraged. The use of high dose dexamethasone and the use 
of aprepitant as antiemetics is not recommended due to effects on irinotecan metabolism. 
 
5.4 
Treatment of Irinotecan-Associated Diarrhea 
Irinotecan-associated diarrhea can be profuse and can occur either early (minutes to 
hours) or late (days) in the treatment schedule. Early diarrhea results from cholinergic 
stimulation, while late diarrhea relates to bacterial processing of irinotecan metabolites.  
 
Early diarrhea: Patients who have the onset of diarrhea during the irinotecan infusion or 
in the hours following the completion of an irinotecan infusion should receive atropine 
(suggested dose 0.01 mg/kg IV, maximum dose 0.4 mg). Early onset diarrhea is usually 
accompanied by cholinergic manifestations (diaphoresis and abdominal cramping). Since 
irinotecan is being administered on a prolonged schedule (daily x 5), it may be difficult to 
distinguish early versus late diarrhea. If a patient with presumed early diarrhea does not 
improve with administration of atropine, they should be instructed to begin treatment for 
late diarrhea. Patients with suspected early diarrhea should also have the duration of 
subsequent Irinotecan infusions prolonged to 90 minutes.  
 
Late diarrhea (more than 24 hours after irinotecan administration): Patients will be given 
loperamide for late diarrhea based on body weight according to the following chart. Each 
family will be instructed to have loperamide available and begin treatment at the first 
episode of poorly formed or loose stools or the earliest onset of bowel movements more 
frequent than normally expected for the patient. Families should be given the handout in 
Appendix V. Patients will also be instructed to contact their physician if any diarrhea 
occurs. 
 
Maximum dose of loperamide per day: < 6 years: 4mg/day; 6-11 years: 6mg/day; >11 years: 16 
mg/day, using the non silicone-containing product. 
Weight:  > 43 kg: 
4 teaspoons or 2 caplets (4 mg) after the first loose bowel movement, 
followed by 2 teaspoons or 1 caplet (2mg) every2 hours. During the 
night the patient may take, 2 caplets (4mg) every 4 hours rather than1 
caplet (2mg) every 2 hours.  
Weight: 30kg – 43kg: 
2 teaspoons or 1 caplet (2mg) after the first loose bowel movement 
followed by 1 teaspoon or one-half caplet (1 mg) every 2hours. During 
the night the patient may take, 1 caplet (2 mg) every 4 hours rather 
than one-half caplet every 2 hours. 
Weight: 20kg – < 30kg: 
2 teaspoons or 1 caplet (2mg)after the first loose bowel movement 
followed by 1 teaspoon or one-half caplet (1mg) every 3 hours. During 
the night, the patient may take 1 caplet (2mg) every 4 hours rather 
than one-half caplet every3 hours. 
Weight: 13kg - < 20kg: 
1 teaspoon (1mg) after the first loose bowel movement followed by 1 
teaspoon (1mg) every 3 hours. During the night, the patient may take 
1 teaspoon (1 mg) every 4 hours rather than every 3 hours. 
Weight: < 13kg: 
Half teaspoon (0.5mg) after the first loose bowel movement followed 
by half teaspoon every 3 hours. During the night, the patient may take 
half teaspoon (0.5mg) every 4 hours rather than every 3 hours. 


 
 
 
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If there is failure of loperamide to control severe diarrhea after 24 hours of use, patients 
should be considered for treatment with octreotide (Sandostatin™) at the dose of 10 
micrograms/kg/dose subcutaneously every 12 hours x 3 days.  
 
Patients receiving prolonged exposure to antibiotics (i.e., cefixime) who develop diarrhea 
should have stool samples evaluated for C difficile toxin, as this is a potentially treatable 
cause of diarrhea. If patients have fever with diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea, evaluation of 
stools for bacterial culture should also be performed. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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6.0 
DRUG INFORMATION 
 
6.1 
MLN8237(MLN8237-004) NSC # 747888 
 
Structure and molecular weight: MLN8237 chemical name is sodium 4-{[9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-
methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino}-2-methoxybenzoate. 
It 
is 
a 
reversible and selective small molecule inhibitor of the enzyme Aurora A kinase. The structure of 
MLN 8237-004 is shown in the diagram below: 
 
 
 
Pharmacology:  Aurora A kinase plays a role in the regulation of chromosomal segregation 
during mitosis. Evidence to support that Aurora A kinase is a target for the treatment of 
malignancies comes from several observations. Aurora A kinase gene is amplified and/or 
overexpressed in many tumors. Over-expression of Aurora A kinase results in the transformation 
of normal cells, supporting the hypothesis that Aurora A is an oncogene. Published reports have 
demonstrated that in cultured tumor cells reduction of Aurora A protein content results in mitotic 
spindle defects, mitotic delay, and apoptosis. Inhibition of Aurora A kinase has the potential to 
have a role in the progression of malignancies and MLN8237 has demonstrated activity against a 
broad range of in vitro and in vivo preclinical tumor models.  
 
The pharmacokinetic properties of MLN8237 were characterized in animal models and in vitro 
studies. Based on these preclinical evaluations, MLN8237 is expected to have low systemic 
clearance, a moderate volume of distribution at steady state, high plasma protein binding, and 
good oral bioavailability in humans. Due to potential for alteration of absorption by agents that 
modify gastric pH, proton pump inhibitors and antacids may influence the drug absorption. . 
MLN8237 is metabolized by both glucuronidation and oxidation pathways. It is not a mechanism-
based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5M and is unlikely to inhibit the five major CYP 
enzymes, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4/5, when administered at the projected human 
efficacious dose. Therefore, it is unlikely that MLN8237 will cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) 
via inhibition of CYP-mediated metabolism. MLN8237 is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. 
Potential DDIs may occur when MLN8237 is co-administered with a P-gp substrate. Urinary 
excretion of MLN8237 was negligible in the rat and chimpanzee (<1% of the dose).  
 
Preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis of human studies showed that in the 5-150 mg once daily 
dose range, there is a dose-dependent increase in the area under the plasma concentration 
versus time curve from zero to 24 hours (AUC0-24hr) and the maximum plasma concentration 
(Cmax). Peak drug concentrations were generally achieved by 1 to 4 hours. The terminal half-life 
(t1/2) was between 30 and 40 hours for doses of 5 to 80 mg and was somewhat shorter (between 
10 and 30 hours) at the higher doses of 110 and 150 mg. Comparison between 7-day and 14-day 
administration suggested that steady-state was achieved following 7 days of dosing with lack of 
additional accumulation beyond Day 7. Preliminary results from pharmacokinetics studies of once 
and twice daily drug administration showed moderate rate of absorption with a median Tmax of 2 
hours (range 1 to 6 hours) and an overall mean half-life of about 18 hours. Twice daily dosing 
reduces the peak-to-trough ratio compared to once daily administration and is associated with 
decreased incidence of somnolence. 
 
Toxicities:  Information on MLN8237 toxicity is based on the Investigator’s Brochure (Edition 9). 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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Inhibition of Aurora A kinase is expected to be toxic to proliferating tissues because of the role 
that this enzyme plays in mitosis. In preclinical experiments in rats and dogs, MLN8237 caused 
reversible myelosuppression and reversible injury to the gastrointestinal epithelium.  
 
Some of the adverse events that have been observed with MLN8237 include the following: 
Reversible 
myelosuppression 
including 
leukopenia, 
neutropenia, 
febrile 
neutropenia, 
lymphopenia; thrombocytopenia; anemia; gastrointestinal toxicity including stomatitis/mucositis, 
oral pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, heartburn, diarrhea, and dehydration; 
somnolence, confusion and disorientation and associated memory loss and gait disturbances; 
dependency; withdrawal symptoms; mood alteration; palmer-planter erythrodysesthesia; 
abnormal liver function tests (including AST, ALT, bilirubin, ALP, and GGT); alopecia; fatigue; 
infection; sepsis; and fever. 
 
MLN8237 is structurally related to benzodiazepines and has activity against the GABAAα1 
receptor. Therefore there is a theoretical risk that MLN8237 could cause dependency and 
withdrawal symptoms. Mood changes, such as euphoria or depression, are possible.  When 
stopping the drug, withdrawal symptoms could include: anxiety, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, 
tremors, rapid heart-beat, nausea and vomiting. 
 
The use of benzodiazepines or alcohol should be limited or avoided and subjects should be 
instructed to avoid potentially hazardous activities that require full alertness and coordination. 
Concomitant use of opiates should be done with caution.  Flumazenil, the selective 
benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, may be used as an adjunct to, but not as a substitute, for the 
management of life threatening sedation associated with MLN8237. In studies in adult patients, 
the central nervous system adverse effect of somnolence appeared to be related to peak 
concentrations of MLN8237 and was alleviated when dosing was changed from once to twice 
daily dosing. 
 
This list of potential adverse events is most likely not comprehensive; it is possible that the drug 
will have other toxicities that have not been observed or predicted from its evaluation in animals 
or humans to date. 
 
The frequency provided in the following table is approximate: 
 
Adverse Events with Possible Relationship to MLN8237 
 
 
Likely 
(>20%) 
 
Less Likely 
(<= 20%) 
Rare but Serious 
(<3%) 
• 
Anemia 
• 
Diarrhea 
• 
Mucositis Oral  
• 
Nausea 
• 
Vomiting 
• 
Fatigue 
• 
Lymphocyte 
count 
decreased 
• 
Neutrophil 
count 
decreased 
• 
Platelet count 
decreased 
• 
White blood cell 
decreased 
• 
Anorexia 
• 
Alopecia 
• 
Febrile Neutropenia 
• 
Abdominal 
Pain/Dyspepsia 
• 
Constipation  
• 
Oral pain 
• 
Edema Limbs 
• 
Fever 
• 
Infection (including 
sepsis)  
• 
Alanine 
aminotransferase 
increased 
• 
Alkaline phosphatase 
increased 
• 
Aspartate 
aminotransferase 
increased 
• 
Blood bilirubin 
• 
Palmar-plantar 
erythrodysesthesia 
syndrome  
• 
Dermatitis, bullous  
 


 
 
 
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 35 
 
increased 
• 
Blood GGT increased 
• 
Creatinine increased 
• 
Dehydration 
• 
Dizziness 
• 
Headache 
• 
Cough 
• 
Dyspnea 
• 
Weakness 
• 
Rash 
• 
Sedation 
• 
Gait disturbance 
• 
Mood change and 
confusion 
• 
Somnolence  
 
 
Also reported on MLN8237 trials but with the relationship to MLN8237 still undetermined: 
 
BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISORDERS: Bone marrow hypocellular 
CARDIAC DISORDERS - Left ventricular systolic dysfunction; Restrictive cardiomyopathy; 
Arrhythmia 
EAR AND LABYRINTH DISORDERS - Hearing impaired; Tinnitus 
EYE DISORDERS – Keratitis; Blurred Vision  
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS - Anal mucositis; Ascites; Colitis; Dry mouth; Dysphagia; 
Enterocolitis; Flatulence; Hemorrhoids; Gastrointestinal disorders, other (hepatic veno-occlusive 
disease) 
GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS – Chills; General 
disorders and administration site conditions – Other (systemic inflammatory response syndrome); 
General disorders and administration site conditions – Other (increased sweating); Multiorgan 
failure 
INJURY, POISONING OR PROCEDURAL COMPLICATION - Bruising 
INVESTIGATIONS - Ejection fraction decreased; Investigations - Other (pancytopenia); Weight 
loss 
METABOLISM AND NUTRITION DISORDERS - Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia  
Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypoalbuminemia, 
Hypercalcemia, Hypoglycemia, Hypophosphatemia,Hypoglycemia, Blood lactate dehydrogenase 
increased , Metabolism and nutrition disorders – Other (failure to thrive) 
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS - Musculoskeletal and 
connective tissue disorders – Other (rhabdomyolysis); Musculoskeletal and connective tissue 
disorders – Other (muscle spasm); Pain in extremity, chest or back.  
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS - Ataxia; Depressed level of consciousness; Dysgeusia; 
Memory impairment; Paresthesia; Nervous system disorders - Other (bradyphrenia); Syncope 
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS - Confusion; Insomnia 
RENAL AND URINARY DISORDERS - Acute kidney injury; Urinary incontinence 
RESPIRATORY, THORACIC AND MEDIASTINAL DISORDERS - Bronchopulmonary 
hemorrhage; Epistaxis; Pharyngolaryngeal pain; Pleural effusion; Voice alteration 
SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE DISORDERS – Pruritis; Dry skin 
VASCULAR DISORDERS – Hypertension; Hypotension; Thromboembolic event 
 
 
Note:  The MLN8237 oral solution contains propylene glycol.  Ingestion of large amounts 
of propylene glycol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.   
 
Note: MLN8237 in combination with other agents could cause an exacerbation of any 
adverse event currently known to be caused by the other agent, or the combination may 
result in events never previously associated with either agent.  
 
Formulation and Stability: MLN8237 is available as two different formulations. 
 


 
 
 
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 36 
The phase 1 and 2 portions of the study utilize a 10 mg enteric coated tablet. In addition to the 
active drug, the tablets also contain sodium bicarbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, povidone, 
microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium stearyl fumarate. The tablets are 
packaged in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with a child resistant cap. Each bottle 
contains 10tablets. Tablets should remain in the provided bottle until dispensing. The exact 
number of tablets per cycle can be counted and dispensed in prescription HDPE bottles. The 
tablets are stored at controlled room temperature of 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) with excursions 
permitted from 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). 
 
The oral solution cohort utilizes a 5 mg/mL oral solution.  In addition to the active drug, the 
solution also contains sodium bicarbonate, polyethylene glycol 400, propylene glycol, glycerol, 
acesulfame potassium, bubble gum flavor, and purified water.  The solution is provided in 60 mL 
amber polyethylene terephthalate bottles with a child resistant cap.  The solution should remain in 
the provided bottle until ready for dispensing in the clinic or at home.  The investigational 
pharmacist may draw up a patient’s dose on the day a patient receives therapy at the study 
center, but should not draw-up the full 7-day course of therapy into prefilled syringes and 
dispense that supply to the patient.  Instead, parents/guardians will be instructed to draw up each 
dose at home prior to administration.  The bottles are to be stored at controlled room temperature 
of 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) with excursions permitted from 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).  Patients are to start 
each cycle of therapy with a new supply of bottles, rather than using any remaining solution from 
previous cycles.   
 
Guidelines for Administration:  See also Treatment and Dose Modification in Section 4.0.   
 
MLN8237 is a cytotoxic anticancer drug and should be handled according to published guidelines 
for handling cytotoxic drugs.  Tablets should not be crushed or manipulated in any way.  
 
The oral solution formulation of the drug must be given on an empty stomach, at least one hour 
before and  two hours after food or drink except water.  
 
The tablet must be swallowed whole, but may be given with or without food. 
 
Systemic antacids (both H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors) may decrease 
MLN8237 exposure and should be avoided during MLN8237 treatment. Locally-acting antacids 
should not be taken simultaneously with MLN8237 but antacids can be given up to 2 hours prior 
or 2 hours following MLN8237 administration. 
 
Antiemetics may be administered as needed; however, the use of benzodiazepines for the 
prophylaxis or treatment of nausea or vomiting is discouraged because of the potential 
benzodiazepine-like effects of MLN8237. 
 
In case of contact with the powder or solution (e.g., from a broken tablet), skin should be washed 
immediately with soap and copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. In case of contact 
with the eyes, copious amounts of water should be used to flush the eyes for at least 15 minutes 
and patients should be instructed to notify medical personnel. 
 
Drug Supply and Accountability:  MLN8237 will be supplied by Millennium.  MLN8237 will be 
shipped to treating directly from Millennium to treating NANT institutions. Instructions and forms 
for ordering MLN8237 from Millennium are posted to the NANT website. 
 
Accountability for MLN8237 at the trial site is the responsibility of the investigator.  The 
investigator will ensure that the study drug is used only in accordance with this protocol.  Where 
allowed, the investigator may choose to assign some of the drug accountability responsibilities to 
a pharmacist or other appropriate individual. Drug accountability records indicating the drug’s 
delivery date to the site, inventory at the site, use by each patient, and amount returned to 
Millennium (or disposal of the drug, if approved by Millennium) will be maintained by the clinical 
site. These records will adequately document that the patients were provided the doses as 
specified in the protocol and should reconcile all study drug received from Millennium.  
Accountability records will include dates, quantities, batch/serial numbers, expiration dates (if 
applicable), and patient numbers. All unused, unopened, or expired MLN8237 can be returned to 
Millennium or destroyed per local institutional policy upon confirmation that the last patient 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 37 
enrolled into the study has completed the treatment period. If a site is unable to destroy their 
remaining supply of study drug, they may using the “Return Drug for Destruction Form” found in 
the N2009-03 study specific page of the NANT Website.  If a site possesses drug destruction 
capabilities then all study drug is to be destroyed by the site according to the site’s drug 
destruction policy. The site will maintain detailed records of the drug reconciliation and 
destruction with the study files. Documentation of the site’s drug destruction policy may be 
requested by Millennium Pharmaceuticals (or designee) at any time during the course of this 
study. All material containing study drug will be treated as hazardous waste in accordance with 
governing regulations. 
 
 
6.2  
IRINOTECAN(CPT-11, Camptosar™), NSC #616348 
 
Mechanism of Action: Irinotecan is a semisynthetic water-soluble analog of camptothecin that 
exerts its cytotoxic effect through inhibition of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I. Irinotecan is a 
prodrug that undergoes deesterification to a much more potent topoisomerase-I inhibitor, SN-38. 
The lactone forms of both irinotecan and SN-38, undergo pH dependent hydrolysis to a hydroxy 
acid (carboxylate) species. SN-38 is glucuronidated to SN-38G.  
 
Formulation & Stability: Each ml of irinotecan contains 20 mg irinotecan (on basis of the 
trihydrate salt) ; 45 mg sorbitol ; and 0.9 mg lactic acid. When necessary, pH has been adjusted 
to 3.5 (range, 3.0 to 3.8) with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. Irinotecan is supplied in 
amber, glass, single-dose vials containing 40 mg (2ml) and 100 mg (5ml) of irinotecan 
hydrochloride (on the basis of trihydrate salt) as a 20 mg/mL solution. The intact vials should be 
stored at room temperature and protected from light. It is recommended that the vial (and 
backing/plastic blister) should remain in the carton until the time of use.  
 
Guidelines for Administration: Irinotecan must be diluted before infusion.  Irinotecan should be 
diluted in 5% Dextrose Injection USP (preferred) or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, to a 
final concentration range of 0.12 to 2.8 mg/mL.  The solution is physically and chemically stable 
for up to 24 hours at room temperature (approx 25ΟC) and in ambient fluorescent lighting.  
Solutions diluted in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, and stored at refrigerated temperatures 
(approximately 2Ο to  8ΟC), and protected from light are physically and chemically stable for 48 
hours.  Refrigeration of admixtures using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, is not 
recommended due to a low and sporadic incidence of visible particulates. Care should be taken 
to avoid extravasation; the use of a central line is suggested.   
 
Irinotecan should be administered as an intravenous infusion over 60 minutes.  
 
 


 
 
 
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Irinotecan Toxicity:  
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children out of 
100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 
100) 
• 
Diarrhea (can be immediate) 
• 
Cholinergic symptoms : 
rhinitis, increased salivation, 
miosis, lacrimation, 
diaphoresis, flushing. 
• 
Mucositis 
• 
Nausea and vomiting 
• 
Stomach pain 
• 
Loss of appetite 
• 
Fever 
• 
Loss of body water 
• 
Loss of strength and energy 
• 
Decrease in the number of 
red and white blood cells 
and platelets made in the 
bone marrow 
• 
Eosinophilia 
• 
Hair loss 
• 
Elevations in 
transaminases, alkaline 
phosphatase, bilirubin, 
 
• Mildly high liver and kidney 
function tests  
• Constipation  
• Delayed diarrhea 
• Headaches 
•  Pain at injection site 
• Blood-clots** 
• Anemia 
• Thrombocytopenia 
• Rash  
• stomatitis 
• dyspepsia 
• Skin inflammation  
• Trembling  
• Blood in the urine  
• Mildly increased level of protein and 
glucose in the urine  
• Low amount of protein in the blood  
• Mouth sores  
• Headache  
• Dizziness & hypotension 
• Sensation of warmth on face 
• Inflammation of the large intestine 
• Ileus 
• Anaphylaxis, 
• Dehydration 
• Bradycardia 
• Disorientation/confusion, 
• pain at infusion site 
• Pneumonitis 
• Inflammation of the 
lungs with cough and congestion 
**This toxicity is seen more commonly when irinotecan is given in combination with fluorouracil 
and leucovorin.  It may rarely be a life threatening event.  
 
Unknown Frequency and Timing:  Fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects of irinotecan have 
been noted in animals at doses similar or less than those used in humans. Toxicities include: 
decreased skeletal ossification, multiple anomalies, low birth weight and increased fetal mortality. 
It is not known if irinotecan is excreted into breast milk but it is excreted into rat milk. 
 
Supplier: Irinotecan is commercially available.  See also package insert for further information. 
 
 
6.3  
TEMOZOLOMIDE(TEMODARTM) NSC#362856 
 
Pharmacology:  An orally administered alkylating agent, a second generation imadazotetrazine. 
A prodrug of MTIC, temozolomide spontaneously decomposes to MTIC at physiologic pH. The 
drug exerts its effect by cross-linking DNA. This is likely a site specific alkylation at the O6-
position of guanine with some effect at the N7 position. Temozolomide reaches its peak 
concentration in 1 hour. Food reduces the rate and extent of absorption. It has an elimination half-
life of 1.13hr (intraperitoneally) and 1.29hr (orally) with an oral bioavailability of 0.98. Total 
apparent body clearance is 100ml/min/m2 and plasma elimination half-life is ~100 minutes. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Temozolomide Toxicity:  
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children out 
of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children 
out of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out 
of 100) 
• 
Anorexia 
• 
Constipation, 
• 
Nausea, 
• 
Vomiting, 
• 
Myelosuppression 
 
• 
Abdominal pain,  
• 
Diarrhea, 
• 
Headache,  
• 
Rash, itching,  
• 
Urinary frequency 
and/or infection 
• 
Mucositis,  
• 
Lethargy,  
• 
Peripheral edema 
• 
Alopecia 
• 
Hepatotoxicity 
• 
Convulsions,  
• 
Anaphylaxis, 
• 
 Hemiparesis, 
• 
Dizziness,  
• 
Ataxia,  
• 
Confusion,  
• 
Dysphagia, 
• 
Anxiety,  
• 
Thrombo-embolism (L)  
• 
Prolonged lymphopenia with 
increased risk of infection or 
death 
• 
Amnesia,  
• 
Insomnia, 
• 
Depression,  
• 
Myalgia,  
• 
Diplopia,  
• 
Visual changes 
• 
Secondary tumors or cancer 
• 
Hepatic failure   
 
Formulation and Stability: 5mg, 20mg, 100mg, 140mg, 180mg, and 250mg capsules, stored at 
room temperature. 
 
Guidelines for Administration: See also Treatment and Dose Modifications in Section 4.0.   
 
There is a potential for medication errors involving temozolomide capsules resulting in drug 
overdosages, which may have been caused by dispensing/taking the wrong number of capsules 
per day and/or product usage exceeding the prescribed dosing schedule. 
 
Temozolomide capsules are available in six different strengths, each color-coded according to 
strength. Capsules are available in 5-count and 14-count packages, except the 250 mg capsule 
strength, which is only available in a 5-count package. 
Capsule Strength  
 
 
 
 
COLOR 
5 mg  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Green Cap 
20 mg   
 
 
 
 
 
Yellow Cap 
100 mg  
 
 
 
 
 
Pink Cap 
140 mg  
 
 
 
 
 
Blue Cap 
180 mg  
 
 
 
 
 
Orange Cap 
250 mg  
 
 
 
 
 
White Cap 
 
When dispensing, it is extremely important that prescribing and dispensing include clear 
instructions on which capsules, and how many of each capsule(s) are to be taken per day. Only 
dispense what is needed for the course, and clearly indicate how many days of dosing the patient 
will have and how many days are without temozolomide dosing. When counseling patients, it is 
important for each patient / parent to understand the number of capsules per day and the number 
of days that they take temozolomide. It is also important for the patient/parent to understand the 
number of days that they will be off the medication 
 
Each type of temozolomide capsule must be dispensed in a separate vial or in its original glass 
bottle. Based on the dose prescribed, determine the number of each strength of temozolomide 
capsules needed for the full course. For example, 275 mg/day for 5 days would be dispensed as 
five 250-mg capsules, five 20-mg capsules, and five 5-mg capsules. Label each container with 
the appropriate number of capsules to be taken each day. Dispense to the patient/parent, making 


 
 
 
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sure each container lists the strength (mg) per capsule and that he or she understands to take the 
appropriate number of capsules of temozolomide from each bottle or vial to equal the total daily 
dose prescribed by the physician. 
 
For children unable to swallow the capsules whole, the oral capsules may be formulated into a 
suspension. To prepare a 10 mg/mL suspension  titrate the contents of ten 100 mg capsules 
(1000 mg) , 500 mg povidone K-30 and 25 mg anhydrous citric acid dissolved in 1.5 mL purified 
water in a glass mortar to form a uniform paste. To the paste add 50 mL of Ora-Plus ® by adding 
a small amount, mixing and then adding the balance. Transfer to a glass graduated cylinder Add 
Ora-Sweet® or Ora-Sweet® SF to a total volume of 100mL by rinsing the mortar with small 
amounts of the syrup (Ora-Sweet® or Ora-Sweet® SF). Rinse at least four times. Package in an 
amber plastic prescription bottle. The packaged suspension is stable for 7 days at room 
temperature or 60 days in the refrigerator. The suspension should be shaken well before each 
use. Procedures for proper handling and disposal of cytotoxic drugs should be used when 
preparing the suspension. (Trissel LA, Yanping Z, Koontz SE. Temozolomide stability in 
extemporaneously compounded oral suspensions. Int J Pharm Compounding 10:396-9, 2006). 
 
Alternatively, the capsules can be opened and mixed with apple sauce or juice. 
 
 
Supplier: Commercially available. See also package insert for further information. 
 
 
6.4 
GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR(G-CSF) 
(Neulasta,Pegylated filgrastim Or Neupogen, Filgrastim). 
 
6.4.1 NEULASTA (PEGFILGRASTIM): 
 
Source and Pharmacology: 
Pegfilgrastim is the pegylated form of recombinant methionyl human G-CSF (filgrastim). 
Pegfilgrastim is produced by covalently binding a 20-kilodalton (kD) monomethoxypolyethylene 
glycol molecule to the N-terminal methionyl residue of filgrastim. The molecular weight of 
pegfilgrastim is 39 kD. G-CSF is a lineage specific colony-stimulating factor which regulates the 
production of neutrophils within the bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, 
differentiation, and selected end-cell functional activation (including enhanced phagocytic ability, 
priming of the cellular metabolism associated with respiratory burst, antibody dependent killing, 
and the increased expression of some functions associated with cell surface antigens).After 
subcutaneous injection the elimination half-life of pegfilgrastim ranges from 15 to 80 hours and 
the time to peak concentration ranges from 24 to 72 hours. Serum levels are sustained in most 
patients during the neutropenic period postchemotherapy, and begin to decline after the start of 
neutrophil recovery, consistent with neutrophil-dependent elimination. After subcutaneous 
administration at 100 mcg/kg in 37 pediatric patients with sarcoma, the terminal elimination half-
life was 30.1 (+/- 38.2) hours in patients 0 to 5 years-old, 20.2 (+/- 11.3) hours in patients 6 to 11 
years-old, and 21.2 (+/- 16) hours in children 12 to 21 years-old. 
 
 


 
 
 
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Neulasta Toxicity: 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children out 
every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out 
every 100 children) 
 
• Mild to moderate medullary 
bone pain 
 
 
• 
Local pain or irritation 
at injection site 
• 
Headache 
• 
Increased alkaline 
phosphaste, lactate 
dehydrogenase and 
uric acid . 
• 
Thrombocytopenia  
 
 
• 
Low grade fever,  
Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis,  
angioedema, or urticaria), 
Generalized erythema and 
flushing, 
• 
Splenomegaly, splenic 
rupture, sickle cell 
crises in patients with 
sickle cell disease 
(SCD),  
• 
Excessive 
leukocytosis, 
Sweet's syndrome (acute 
febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) 
• Adult respiratory distress 
syndrome 
 
 
Unknown frequency and timing:  Fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects of pegfilgrastim in 
humans are unknown. Conflicting data exist in animal studies. It is unknown whether the drug is 
excreted in breast milk. 
 
Supplier:  Commercially available. See package insert for further information. 
 
Formulation and Stability: 
Supplied as a preservative-free solution containing 6 mg (0.6 mL) of pegfilgrastim (10 mg/mL) in 
a single-dosesyringe with 27 g, ½ inch needle with an UltraSafe® Needle Guard. The needle 
cover of the prefilled syringe contains drug natural rubber (a derivative of latex). Store refrigerated 
at 2º-8ºC(36º-46ºF) and in the carton to protect from light. Prior to injection, pegfilgrastim may be 
allowed to reach room temperature protected from light for a maximum of 48 hours. Avoid 
freezing. 
 
Guidelines for Administration: See Treatment and Dose Modifications sections of the protocol 
 
6.4.2  NEUPOGEN  (FILGRASTIM): 
 
Source and Pharmacology: Filgrastim is a human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF), produced by recombinant DNA technology.  Filgrastim is a 175 amino acid protein with a 
molecular weight of 18,800 daltons manufactured by recombinant DNA technology utilizing E.coli 
bacteria into which has been inserted the human granulocyte colony stimulating factor gene.  It 
differs from the natural specific colony-stimulating factor which regulates the production of 
neutrophils within the bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, differentiation, 
and selected end-cell functional activation (including enhanced phagocytic ability, priming of the 
cellular metabolism associated with respiratory burst, antibody dependent killing, and the 
increased expression of some functions associated with cell surface antigens).  The elimination 
half-life is similar for subcutaneous and intravenous administration, approximately 3.5 hours.  The 
time to peak concentration when administered subcutaneously is 2 to 8 hours. 
Formulation and Stability:  
Supplied as a clear solution in 300 ug/ml (1 ± 0.6 x 108 U/mg) (1 ml or 1.6 ml) vials. Vials are 
preservative free and are intended to be single-use vials; do not reuse opened vials. Filgrastim 
must be stored between 2° and 8°C. Stability has been demonstrated for at least 24 months 


 
 
 
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when stored under these conditions. Do not use if discolored or if there is particulate matter. For 
IV use, dilute in D5W to concentrations > 15 ug/ml; G-CSF is incompatible with normal saline. At 
dilutions from 5 ug/ml to 14 ug/ml, add human serum albumin to a final albumin concentration of 2 
mg/ml to protect against absorption of the GCSF to container walls (glass or plastic). Filgrastim, 
when diluted as described above, is compatible with a number of plastics commonly used in the 
manufacture of syringes, IV bags, infusion sets, and IV pump cassettes. These include polyvinyl 
chloride, polyolefin, and polypropylene. Diluted filgrastim should be stored at 2° to 8° C and used 
within 24 hours. Do not shake or freeze. 
 
Guidelines for Administration:  
Administer once daily, subcutaneously without dilution or if necessary dilute with 5% dextrose in 
water, preferably to concentrations of 15 ug/ml or greater for IV administration. Dilutions should 
be prepared as close to the time of administration as possible (up to 24 hours), since the product 
is preservative-free. When diluting Filgrastim to 5-14 ug/ml in D5W, it is necessary at all times to 
add human serum albumin, to reach a final albumin concentration of 2 mg/ml. 
 
Neupogen Toxicity: 
 
Likely  
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children out 
every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out 
every 100 children) 
 
• Mild to moderate medullary 
bone pain 
 
 
• Local pain or irritation at 
injection site 
• Increased alkaline 
phosphatase, LDH and uric 
acid 
• Thrombocytopenia 
• Fever 
 
 
• Allergic reactions  
(more common with IV than 
subcutaneous administration) 
• Skin rash, urticaria and/or 
facial edema 
• Respiratory wheezing and/or 
dyspnea 
• Hypotension and/or 
tachycardia 
•  Low grade fever 
• Splenomegaly 
• Splenic rupture 
• Worsening of existing skin 
rashes 
• Sickle cell crises in patients 
with Sickle cell disease 
• Excessive leukocytosis 
• Cutaneous vasculitis 
• Adult respiratory distress 
syndrome 
• MDS or AML (in patients with 
severe chronic neutropenia 
and long term administration 
 
 
Supplier:  Commercially available. See package insert for further information. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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6.5  
CEFIXIME (Suprax) 
 
Source and Pharmacology: Cefixime is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic for oral 
administration  that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-
binding proteins and interfering with the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis. Its 
spectrum of activity is similar to other third-generation agents, including Enterobacteriaceae, and 
β-lactamase producing H. influenzae and N. gonorrhea, and Staph. aureus. It is excreted 
primarily by the kidney. It has a serum half-life of approximately 3-4 hours. 
 
Formulation: Cefixime is available in a powder for oral suspension, which when reconstituted, 
provides 100mg/5ml. The powder for oral suspension is strawberry flavored and contains sodium 
benzoate, sucrose, and xanthan gum.  Cefixime is available as 50ml, 75ml & 100ml bottle with 
powder for reconstitution. 
 
Toxicity: 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children 
out of 100) 
 
• Diarrhea  
• Abdominal pain  
• Nausea and vomiting, 
• Dyspepsia 
 
• Headache  
• Dizziness 
• Seizures  
• Anaphylaxis 
• Hypersensitivity reactions 
• Thrombocytopenia, 
• Leucopenia, 
• Neutropenia, 
• Eosinophilia, 
• Pseudomembranous colitis,  
• Increase in BUN/SCr and 
ALKP, 
• Hepatitis, jaundice 
• Stevens Johnson, 
TOXIC EPIDERMAL 
NECROLYSIS 
 
Supplier: Commercially available. See package insert for further information.  
 
6.6 
CEFPODOXIMEPROXETIL (Vantin-R) 
 
Source and Pharmacology: Cefpodoxime proxetil is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic 
for oral administration  that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the 
penicillin-binding proteins and interfering with the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan 
synthesis. Its spectrum of activity is similar to other third-generation agents, including 
Enterobacteriaceae, and β-lactamase producing H. influenzae and N. gonorrhea, and Staph. 
aureus. It is excreted primarily by the kidney. It has a serum half-life of approximately 2-4 hours. 
 
Formulation: Cefpodoxime proxetil is available as 100mg & 200mg oblong tablets &  powder for 
oral suspension, which when reconstituted, provides either 50mg/5ml OR 100mg/5ml. The 
powder for oral suspension is lemon cream flavored. Cefpodoxime is available as 50ml, 75ml & 
100ml bottle with powder for reconstitution. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Cefpodoxime Proxetil Toxicity: 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children 
out of 100) 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Diaper Rash 
 
 
• 
Abdominal pain  
• 
Nausea and vomiting, 
• 
Headache  
• 
Seizures  
• 
Anaphylaxis 
• 
Chest pain 
• 
Hypersensitivity reactions 
• 
Thrombocytopenia, 
• 
Leucopenia, 
• 
Neutropenia, 
• 
Eosinophilia, 
• 
Pseudomembranous 
colitis,  
• 
Increase in BUN/SCr and 
ALK Phos 
• 
Prolonged PT / PTT 
• 
Vaginal candidiasis 
• 
Aplastic Anemia 
• 
Stevens Johnson / Toxic 
Epidermal Necrolysis 
 
 
Supplier: Commercially available.  See package insert for further information.   
 
 
6.7   
Drug Inventory Records 
 
The investigator, or a responsible party designated by the investigator, must maintain a careful 
record of the inventory and disposition of all investigational drugs. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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7.0    
REQUIRED OBSERVATIONS/MATERIAL AND DATA TO BE ACCESSIONED 
 
7.1 
Clinical and Laboratory Studies 
All blood and urine studies must be performed within 2 weeks prior to study enrollment. Tumor 
disease evaluation (including appropriate imaging studies, bilateral bone marrow aspirate and 
biopsy for standard histology and urine catecholamines) are required within 4 weeks prior to 
study entry and subsequent to any prior therapy. Patients with marrow disease documented at 
study entry by morphology are REQUIRED to have repeat bone marrow evaluations at each 
subsequent disease evaluation. Initiation of protocol therapy is required within 1 week of study 
enrollment.   


 
 
 
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OBTAIN OTHER STUDIES AS NEEDED FOR GOOD PATIENT CARE. 
 
Observation 
Before Entry 
Cycle 1 
Cycles 2-34 
End of Therapy 
Physical Exam4 
(Ht, Wt, BSA, VS) 
Performance status4 required 
only at entry 
 
X 
Weekly 
Start of each 
cycle8 
 
X 
CBC, Diff, Platelets4 
X 
Twice weekly1 
Weekly1, 8 
X 
AST4, ALT4, Total4 + Direct 
Bilirubin, Albumin, Electrolytes, 
Calcium, Magnesium, 
Phosphorus, BUN, Serum 
Creatinine4 
X 
Weekly 
Start 
of 
each 
cycle8 
X 
Plasma lactate and calculated 
anion gap (only for patients in the 
oral solution cohort) 
X 
Day Four9 
 
 
Serum β-HCG2,4 
X 
 
 
 
Urine catecholamines VMA/HVA 
X 
 
X7 
X7 
Bilateral BM Aspirate + Biopsy for 
morphology4, 5, 10 
• X10 
 
X5, 7, 10 
X7, 10 
Tumor anatomic imaging (CT or 
MRI scan)3, 4  
X 
 
X7 
X7 
MIBG diagnostic scan4, 6 
Use same isotope with each scan 
X 
 
X7 
X7 
Patient diary 
 
X 
X 
 
Plasma pharmacokinetic samples 
(required for patients in oral 
solution cohort; optional for 
patients in the phase 2 portion) 
 
See Section 8 
 
 
Blood for UGT1A1and AURKA 
genotyping (optional) 
 
See Section 8 
 
 
Archival tumor tissue submission 
(if consent) 
 
See Section 8 
 
 
1. 
More frequent CBCs may be needed as part of good patient care.   
2. 
Obtain for females 10 years of age and older or post-pubertal. 
3. 
Tumor imaging = CT and/or MRI for optimum visualization of all areas of bulk tumor (primary & metastasis). All disease status tests must be 
performed < 4 weeks prior to study entry and subsequent to any intervening therapy. 
4. 
Required for verification of eligibility.  All results should be faxed to NANT Operations Center with study registration eligibility. An eligibility 
worksheet is available in the data forms packet on NANT website (www.nant.org). 
5. 
Patients with bone marrow disease present at study entry should have a diagnostic bone marrow sent with each disease evaluation. All 
disease status tests must be performed < 4 weeks prior to study entry and subsequent to any intervening therapy.  To confirm a bone 
marrow response of CR, an additional bone marrow examination for morphology (for a total of 2 bone marrow exams) must be done a 
minimum of three weeks apart (section 11.2.1). 
6. 
123I-MIBG scans are preferred.  Omit for patients known to be MIBG non-avid and replace with 18FDG-PET (preferred) or bone scan. All 
disease status tests must be performed < 4 weeks prior to study entry and subsequent to any intervening therapy. 
7. 
Perform disease re-staging after day 14 of cycles 2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles thereafter.   
8. 
All observations timed for the start of a cycle are to be obtained prior to the start of Day 1 therapy (and do not necessarily need to be 
obtained prior to resuming oral cephalosporin on Day -1; if studies obtained between Day -2 and Day 0 and meet criteria to proceed with 
subsequent cycle, do not need to be repeated on Day 1). 
9. 
If plasma lactate elevated above baseline draw on Day Four draw, obtain a venous blood gas to determine if pH < 7.3 (= grade 3 acidosis in 
CTCAE version 4 and therefore a potential dose-limiting toxicity).  
10.  If patient is co-enrolled on NANT 2004-05, please also submit specimens for biology study for these timepoints.     
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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7.2 
Recommended Follow-Up Observations 
 
The following are recommendations only, but may be altered at discretion of treating physician.  
Repeat the following if abnormal on a monthly basis until stable or normalized after the end of 
therapy. If normal at the end of therapy then repeat only as clinically indicated:  
• 
History, physical exam (Ht, Wt,  VS) 
• 
CBC/Differential, Platelets, AST, ALT, Bilirubin, BUN, Creatinine 
 
Patients will be followed for life for any delayed toxicities related to protocol therapy and for the 
development of second malignancies.  
 
After completion of protocol therapy, the disease status, sites of relapse, and last alive date will 
be recorded until first relapse/progression or until patient receives another non-protocol therapy, 
after which only last alive date will be reported, as well as date of death and cause of death (if 
applicable).  
 
7.3 Documentation of Tumor Response 
 
Disease evaluation will take place after day 14 of cycles 2, 4, 8, and then every 4cycles. 
It is recommended that all scans and tests previously done to document disease status be 
performed in subsequent evaluations of disease status.  
 
Patients with bone marrow disease present at study entry should have a diagnostic bone marrow 
done with each disease evaluation. To confirm a bone marrow response of CR, an additional 
bone marrow examination for morphology (for a total of 2 bone marrow exams) must be done 
separated by a minimum of three weeks (section 11.2.1). 
 
Once a patient receives therapy other than prescribed on this protocol, no further scans or bone 
marrow evaluations will be required for this protocol since the patient will no longer be evaluable 
for response to MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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8.0 
PHARMACOKINETIC AND BIOLOGY STUDIES 
 
Collection of plasma samples for MLN8237 and irinotecan, pharmacokinetic studies is required 
during cycle 1 for all patients in the phase 1 portion (completed) and in the oral solution portion of 
the study.  Pharmacokinetic sampling is optional during cycle 1 for patients in the phase 2 portion of 
the study.   
 
Collection of other samples for correlative biology studies is optional and not required for study 
entry. Although these studies cannot be mandated, all institutions are strongly urged to submit 
specimens for all consenting patients.  
 
Please see Appendix VI for a summary of blood draws for correlative studies. For patients with a 
weight below the minimum required to tolerate all blood draws requested for correlative studies, 
please consult with study chair to determine prioritization of samples.   
 
8.1  
MLN8237 Pharmacokinetics 
 
Please note that these instructions apply to MLN8237 pharmacokinetics.  Samples for irinotecan 
pharmacokinetics require additional volume and different sample processing (see section 8.2). 
 
8.1.1 
Sample requirements 
3 mL of blood should be drawn into a 4 mL EDTA purple top tube at each time point.  
Since MLN8237 is given orally, samples may be drawn via central venous catheter, if 
applicable.    
 
8.1.2 
Sampling schedule 
Sampling will take place only during cycle 1 of therapy.  Sample timing is based on the 
timing of MLN8237 dosing, with the time of MLN8237 oral administration on Day 4 
considered hour 0.  Samples should be obtained at the following time points: 
 
--Day 1, prior to first dose of MLN8237 
--Day 4, prior to MLN8237 
--Day 4, hour 0.5 (i.e., 30 minutes after Day 4 dose of MLN8237) 
--Day 4, hour 1 (i.e., 1 hour after Day 4 dose of MLN8237) 
--Day 4, hour 2 (i.e., 2 hours after Day 4 dose of MLN8237 and at the end of Day 4 
irinotecan infusion) 
--Day 4, hour 3 (i.e., 3 hours after Day 4 dose of MLN8237) 
--Day 4, hour 4 (i.e., 4 hours after Day 4 dose of MLN8237) 
--Day 4, hour 7 (i.e., 7 hours after Day 4 dose of MLN8237) 
--Day 5, prior to Day 5 dose of MLN8237 (approximately 24 hours after Day 4 dose of 
MLN8237 and 22 hours after completion of Day 4 irinotecan infusion) 
 
In order to accommodate this sampling schedule, patients will need to be reminded to not 
take Day 4 and Day 5 doses of MLN8237 until instructed to do so once they have arrived 
at the treating site. 
 
For patients with double lumen catheters following the procedure for keeping one lumen 
unexposed from irinotecan (section 4.2.3), the Day 4, hour 2 samples should be drawn 
from the irinotecan-unexposed lumen after completion of the normal saline flush that is to 
run for an additional 5 minutes after completion of the irinotecan infusion. 
 
8.1.3 
Sample processing 
At the time of collection, EDTA tubes should be gently inverted 6-8 times.  Next, 
centrifuge the samples in a refrigerated centrifuge (4°C) for 10 minutes at 1500 g or 
greater.  Next, remove the plasma using a transfer pipette and transfer the plasma into 
two separate 3.5 mL polypropylene tubes.  Next, immediately freeze the tubes at -80˚ C.   
 
If samples cannot be centrifuged immediately after sample collection, the tubes may be 
placed in an ice bath for up to 48 hours before further processing.   
 
 


 
 
 
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8.1.4 
Sample labeling 
Polypropylene tubes should be labeled with the patient’s NANT ID number, the word 
“MLN”, the protocol number NANT0903, the date of blood draw, and exact time of the 
blood draw.   
 
No other identifiers should be included on the label. 
 
8.1.5 
Sample shipment 
Samples will be held until all samples have been obtained and then sent as a single 
batch.  Batched samples should be sent frozen on dry ice by FedEx priority overnight to: 
 
Ganesh S. Moorthy 
Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 
Colket Translational Research Building (CTRB), Room 4200 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
3501 Civic Center Blvd 
Philadelphia, PA 19104 
 
A copy of the MLN8237 pharmacokinetics specimen transmittal form should accompany 
the shipment and another copy faxed to the NANT Operations Center at (323) 361-1803. 
 
Samples should only be shipped on a Monday-Thursday to allow for weekday delivery.  
Email Moorthyg@email.chop.edu with the tracking number at the time of sample 
shipment.   
 
8.1.6 
Methodology 
 
MLN8237 plasma levels will be measured using a validated HPLC MS/MS assay. [23] 
 
 
8.2 Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics 
 
Please note that these instructions apply to irinotecan pharmacokinetics.  Samples for MLN8237 
pharmacokinetics require additional volume and different sample processing (see section 8.1). 
 
8.2.1 
Sample requirements 
2 mL of blood should be drawn into a sodium heparin green top tube at each time point.   
 
The baseline pre-treatment sample drawn on Day 1 can be obtained through a central 
venous catheter.  Since irinotecan is given intravenously, the Day 4 and 5 samples 
should not be drawn through a central venous catheter lumen through which irinotecan 
has been infused on days 1-4.   
 
Patients 
with 
double-lumen 
central 
venous 
catheters 
may 
have 
irinotecan 
pharmacokinetic samples drawn on days 4 and 5 through a lumen that has not been 
used for irinotecan infusion on days 1-4 as long as the routine detailed in section 4.2.3 
has been used during each of those irinotecan infusions.  For patients with double-lumen 
central venous catheters using the irinotecan unexposed lumen for pharmacokinetic 
blood draws, the institutional standard volume of “waste” blood before collecting clinical 
laboratory specimens should be “wasted” before drawing each pharmacokinetic sample.   
 
8.2.2 
Sampling schedule 
Sampling will take place only during cycle 1 of therapy.  Sample timing is based on the 
timing of MLN8237 dosing, with the time of MLN8237 oral administration on Day 4 
considered hour 0.  Samples should be obtained at the following time points: 
 
--Day 1, prior to first dose of MLN8237 
--Day 4, prior to MLN8237 
--Day 4, hour 2 (i.e., 2 hours after Day 4 dose of MLN8237 and at the end of Day 4 
irinotecan infusion) 
--Day 4, hour 3 (i.e., 1 hour after completing Day 4 irinotecan infusion) 
--Day 4, hour 4 (i.e., 2 hours after completing Day 4 irinotecan infusion) 


 
 
 
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--Day 4, hour 7 (i.e., 5 hours after completing Day 4 irinotecan infusion) 
--Day 5, prior to Day 5 dose of MLN8237 (approximately 24 hours after Day 4 dose of 
MLN8237 and 22 hours after completion of Day 4 irinotecan infusion) 
 
For patients with double lumen catheters following the procedure for keeping one lumen 
unexposed from irinotecan (section 4.2.3), the Day 4, hour 2 samples should be drawn 
from the irinotecan-unexposed lumen after completion of the normal saline flush that is to 
run for an additional 5 minutes after completion of the irinotecan infusion. 
 
8.2.3 
Sample processing 
Blood collected into sodium heparin tubes should be gently mixed by immediately 
inverting the tubes.  Blood samples will then be centrifuged immediately for 15 minutes in 
a refrigerated (4° C) centrifuge set at 3000 rpm.  Next, remove the plasma using a 
transfer pipette and transfer the plasma into two separate 3.5 mL polypropylene tubes.  
Next, immediately freeze the tubes at -80˚ C and store until delivery to the Mayo Clinic 
(See section 8.2.5 for shipping instructions). 
 
8.2.4 
Sample labeling 
Samples should be labeled with the patient’s NANT ID number, the word “Irino”, the 
protocol number NANT0903, the date of blood draw, and exact time of the blood draw.   
 
No other identifiers should be included on the label. 
 
8.2.5 
Sample shipment 
Samples will be held until all samples have been obtained and then sent as a single 
batch.  Batched samples should be sent frozen on dry ice by FedEx priority overnight to: 
 
Renee McGovern 
Oncology Research 
Gonda 19-151 
Mayo Clinic 
200 First Street, SW 
Rochester, MN 55905 
Telephone: 507-284-4303 
 
A copy of the irinotecan pharmacokinetics specimen transmittal form should accompany 
the shipment and another copy faxed to the NANT Operations Center at (323) 361-1803. 
 
Samples should only be shipped on a Monday-Thursday to allow for weekday delivery.  
Avoid holiday shipments.  Email Renee McGovern (McGovern.Renee@mayo.edu) with 
the tracking number at the time of sample shipment.   
 
8.2.6 
Methodology 
Plasma irinotecan, SN-38, SN-38G, and APC concentrations will be measured by a 
sensitive and specific HPLC assay with fluorescence detection or by LC/MS/MS, if 
available. Irinotecan, SN-38, SN-38G and APC plasma concentration-time data will be 
analyzed by standard non-compartmental methods using the program WINNONLIN.  If a 
sufficient number of patients are enrolled, the data will be analyzed by population 
pharmacokinetics using the program NONMEM. 
 
8.3 Evaluation of UGT1A1 and AURKA polymorphisms 
 
8.3.1 
Sample requirements 
A single 5-10 mL sample of whole blood in a purple top EDTA tube is required. 
 
8.3.2 
Sampling scheduling 
A single sample is required for each patient consenting to this optional study.  This 
sample is best obtained prior to the start of therapy, but may be obtained anytime up until 
Day 7 of cycle 1.   
 
8.3.3 
Sample processing 


 
 
 
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The sample should be placed on ice, but not frozen. 
 
8.3.4 
Sample labeling 
Sample should be labeled with the patient’s NANT ID number, the protocol number 
NANT0903, the date and time of blood draw, and the word “Polymorphisms”.   
 
No other identifiers should be included on the label. 
 
8.3.5 
Sample shipment 
Each sample should be sent on the day the sample was obtained.  Sample should be 
shipped cold but not frozen by shipping along with an ice pack, taking care to keep the 
tube out of direct contact with the ice pack.  Samples should be shipped by Federal 
Express overnight to: 
 
Renee McGovern 
Oncology Research 
Gonda 19-151 
Mayo Clinic 
200 First Street, SW 
Rochester, MN 55905 
Telephone: 507-284-4303 
 
A copy of the Genotyping specimen transmittal form should accompany the shipment and 
another copy faxed to the NANT Operations Center at (323) 361-1803.   
 
Samples should only be shipped on a Monday-Thursday to allow for weekday delivery.  
Avoid holiday shipments.  Email Renee McGovern (McGovern.Renee@mayo.edu) with 
the tracking number at the time of sample shipment.   
 
8.3.6 
Methodology 
Peripheral mononuclear cells from 5 ml of whole blood will be used for DNA extraction by 
standard technique. Genotyping for UGT1A1and for AURKA SNPs rs1047972 and 
rs2273535 will be performed by standard molecular techniques in the Ames Laboratory at 
Mayo Clinic. No patient identifiers will be available to laboratory personnel conducting the 
analyses. 
 
8.4 Evaluation of markers of Aurora A expression in archival tumor tissue 
 
For patients who consent to this portion of the study, a paraffin-embedded tissue block 
should be submitted.  If paraffin-embedded tissues blocks are not available, 10 unstained 
slides may be submitted.  Tissue material may be derived from initial diagnosis, primary 
tumor resection, or biopsy/surgery at the time of relapse, with a priority given to samples from 
initial diagnosis.   
 
The timing of the sample (diagnosis, primary resection, or relapse) and anatomic location 
should be indicated on the Aurora A specimen transmittal form.  A copy of the specimen 
transmittal form should be faxed to the NANT Operations Center at (323) 361-1803. 
 
Samples and specimen transmittal form should be sent at room temperature via FedEx to: 
 
NANT Operations Center 
4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#54 
Los Angeles, CA 90027 
323-361-5687 
 
Samples should only be shipped on Mondays-Thursdays to allow for weekday delivery.  
Email NANT Operations Center  at nantcrf@chla.usc.edu with the tracking number at the 
time of sample shipment. 
 
 


 
 
 
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9.0 
CRITERIA FOR REMOVAL FROM PROTOCOL AND OFF STUDY CRITERIA 
 
9.1 
Criteria for Removal from Protocol Therapy 
 
a. Progressive disease 
b. Completion of planned therapy 
c.    Patient/parent withdrawal from therapy 
d. Unacceptable adverse events by protocol criteria or physician judgment 
 
e. .  Entry onto another therapeutic study and/or another anti-cancer therapy. 
 
Patients who are off protocol therapy are to be followed until they meet the criteria for off study.  
 
9.2 
Off Study Criteria 
 
a. Death 
b. Lost to follow-up 
c. Patient/Parent withdrawal of consent. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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10.0 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
 
10.1 
Sample Size and Study Duration 
 
Design of the Completed Phase I Portion:  Two to six evaluable patients will be entered at each 
dose level for determination of the maximum tolerated dose. The minimum sample size required 
to identify the MTD is 15 patients. The maximum sample size for the phase 1 portion, assuming 
all 4-dose levels plus the initial dose level 1 require 6 patients before the MTD is determined, is 
30 patients.  This estimate assumes that all patients are fully evaluable.  Review of the enrollment 
rate onto recent non-MIBG NANT studies indicates that 1-2 patients per month are available for 
the phase I portion of the study.  For example, NANT protocols N01-03 (CEP-701), N03-01 (oral 
irinotecan and temozolomide), and N04-04 (oral fenretinide) have each enrolled approximately 8 
patients per year, not accounting for closure time due to protocol amendments and drug supply 
issues.  These patient numbers predicted identification of the MTD within approximately 12-18 
months.  (The phase 1 portion required 22 patients and 18 months to complete.)    
 
Phase 2 Portion:  The phase 2 portion of the study will enroll 14-20 new patients based on the 
two-stage design.  Review of enrollment to date to the phase 2 portion indicates that 2 patients 
with neuroblastoma per month are available for this portion of the study.  We anticipate that the 
phase 2 portion of the study will be completed within 12 months.   
 
The oral solution cohort will enroll 6-18 patients, though only patients unable to swallow pills will 
enroll to this cohort.  We expect 1 patient per month will be available, allowing completion of this 
cohort in 6-18 months.   
 
10.2 
Definitions 
 
10.2.1 Evaluable for Inclusion in Dose Escalation Consideration 
Patients will be evaluable for inclusion in dose escalation consideration if they have received > 5 
of the 7 planned doses of MLN8237, > 4 of the 5 planned doses of irinotecan, and > 4 of the 5 
planned doses of temozolomide in cycle 1 AND are followed until Day 21 of the first cycle of 
therapy.  In addition, patients who experience DLT at any time after the first dose of MLN8237 are 
evaluable for inclusion in dose escalation consideration.  Toxicity will be assessed and reported 
on all patients who begin MLN8237 therapy.  
 
Patients who do not receive at least 5 doses of MLN8237, at least 4 doses of irinotecan, or at 
least 4 doses of temozolomide (for any reason other than toxicity or tolerability of the regimen) 
and who do not experience dose limiting toxicity, will not be counted as successfully completing 
one course of treatment without toxicity and will be replaced.   
 
10.2.2 Evaluable for Response 
Eligible patients with measurable or evaluable disease who receive > 5 of the 7 planned doses of 
MLN8237, > 4 of the 5 planned doses of irinotecan, and > 4 of the 5 planned doses of 
temozolomide in cycle 1 are evaluable for response.  Eligible patients with measurable or evaluable 
disease who fail to complete one course of therapy because of disease progression are also 
evaluable for response.  Response will be described for all patients entered on study.  
 
All patients who are registered onto the study must be assessed for response to treatment, even if 
there are major protocol treatment deviations or if they are ineligible or not evaluable. Each patient 
will be assigned one of the following categories (see Section 11.4): 
 
a. Complete response 
b. Very good partial response 
c. Partial response 
d. Stable disease 
e.  Mixed response 
f. 
Progressive disease 
g.   Early death from malignant disease 
h     Early death from toxicity 
i.     Early death because of other cause 
j.     In-evaluable (not assessable, insufficient data, patients off therapy early due to toxicity) 


 
 
 
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k.    Never received any of the study drugs, MLN8237, irinotecan, or temozolomide 
 
All eligible patients who receive study therapy will be included in the initial analysis of response. 
Patients in groups a through c will be classified as responders; patients in groups d through j will be 
classified as non-responders.  In a second analysis, the proportion of responders (patients in 
groups a through c) will be calculated from the subset of patients who are evaluable for response 
(as defined above). 
 
10.2.3 Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) 
The MTD is the highest dose level tested at which 0/6 or 1/6 patients experience DLT (that is 
possibly, probably, or definitely related to the study drug(s) as defined in Section 4.4) with at least 
2/3 or 2/6 patients encountering DLT at the next higher dose.  If 0/6 or 1/6 patients experience DLT 
at the highest dose level (dose level 3), then that dose level will be called the MTD. 
 
 
10.3 Dose Escalation Rules for the Phase 1 and Oral Solution Cohort Portions of Study 
The primary endpoint for the phase 1 and oral solution cohort portions of this study will be toxicity 
that is attributable to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide during the first 
cycle of therapy.  Toxicity as graded by CTCAE v4.0 will continue to be recorded and monitored 
throughout all courses of therapy. 
 
These portions of the study will utilize the rolling-six design for dose escalation.[21]  This design 
is a modification of the classic 3+3 dose escalation strategy.  With this design, two to six patients 
will be concurrently enrolled onto a dose level, dependent upon (1) the number of patients 
enrolled at the current dose level, (2) the number of patients who have experienced DLT at the 
current dose level, and (3) the number of patients entered but with tolerability data pending at the 
current dose level. Accrual is suspended when a cohort of six has enrolled or when the study 
endpoints have been met. 
 
For example, when three participants are enrolled onto a dose cohort, if toxicity data are available 
for all three when the fourth participant entered and there are no DLTs, the dose is escalated and 
the fourth participant is enrolled to the subsequent dose level. If data are not yet available for one 
or more of the first three participants and no DLT has been observed, or if ≤1 patients have 
experienced DLTs, the new participant is entered at the same dose level. Lastly, if two or more 
patients have experienced DLTs, the dose level is de-escalated. This process is repeated for 
participants five and six. In place of suspending accrual after every three participants, accrual is 
only suspended when a cohort of six is filled. When participants are inevaluable for toxicity, they 
are replaced with the next available participant if escalation or de-escalation rules have not been 
fulfilled at the time the next available participant is enrolled onto the study. 
 
If two or more of a cohort of up to six patients experience DLT at a given dose level, then the 
MTD has been exceeded and dose escalation will be stopped. 
 
In this study, the MTD will be defined as the highest dose tested in which 0 or only 1 patient – out 
of a total of 6 patients – experiences a DLT during the first course of therapy.    
 
The initial version of the protocol (Amendment #2) did not include mandatory myeloid growth 
factor support or mandatory cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis.  That version included a 
provision to replace the first patient with dose-limiting neutropenia or dose-limiting diarrhea.  
Based on the experience from the first 6 patients treated at dose level 1, this provision would 
have been implemented and a patient replaced.  Given the toxicities observed in patients treated 
at dose level 1, Amendment #3 resumed the phase I portion of the study with evaluation of 6 
more patients at dose level 1B with the same doses of irinotecan, temozolomide, and MLN8237 
as used in dose level 1, but with mandatory myeloid growth factor support and mandatory 
cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis.   
 
In order to finalize the dose that will be used in the Phase 2 portion, in addition to determination of 
the MTD, a descriptive summary of all toxicities will be reported.  Particular emphasis will be 
placed on descriptions of diarrhea, mucositis, and myelosuppression. 
 


 
 
 
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Preliminary results of pharmacokinetic testing will be examined, including clearance, Cmax, Tmax, 
Css, and terminal half-life for both MLN8237 and irinotecan.  These parameters will be 
qualitatively compared with estimates from prior studies of MLN8237 and irinotecan as single 
agents.  These results will be reviewed by the study management committee for possible drug-
drug interactions.  This review will take place prior to activation of the phase 2 portion of the study 
and prior to escalation from dose level 1B to 2B in the oral solution cohort (if escalation supported 
by toxicity and PK data in that cohort).   
 
10.4      Statistical Rules for the Phase 2 Portion 
The phase II portion at the MTD will enroll patients in two stages.  A maximum of 20 patients will 
contribute response data reflecting patients treated at the recommended dose of the combination 
of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide.   
 
 
Cumulative 
Number of 
Responses 
Decision / Action 
Stage 1: Enter 14 patients 
≤ 0 
Terminate the trial because the combination is not 
sufficiently effective (i.e. ORR < 15%) 
≥ 1 
Continue trial (proceed to Stage 2), providing toxicity is 
acceptable 
Stage 2: Enter 6 additional 
patients (total of 20 patients)  
 
 
Construct a 95% confidence interval for the objective 
response rate  
 
 
 
Under the hypothesis of a true response rate that is 15% or greater (derived from response rate 
in COG protocol ANBL0421 with irinotecan and temozolomide), there is a 90% chance that at 
least 1 of the 14 patients in Stage 1 of the expansion will experience an objective response 
(hence no responders in 14 patients will lead us to conclude that the true response rate is less 
than 15%).  With 20 patients, the half-width of a two-sided 95% confidence interval will be no 
more than +/- 0.24 (using the method of Jennison and Tumbull to adjust for the two-stage 
design). Completion of enrollment to stage 2 is therefore designed to provide a more precise 
estimate of the response rate of this regimen. 
 
Toxicity Monitoring Plans for the Phase II Portion  
For the patients enrolled during the Phase II portion at the MTD, the following rules will be used to 
monitor toxicity and trigger a formal review of the all the toxicities, with the possibility of reducing 
the dose (applies to the new patients):   
- 
If 2 patients experience a first course DLT (at least possibly attributed to the study drugs) 
in the 1st 6 patients 
- 
If 3 patients experience a first course DLT (at least possibly attributed to the study drugs) 
in the 1st 9 patients 
- 
If 4 patients experience a first course DLT (at least possibly attributed to the study drugs) 
in the 1st 12 patients 
- 
If 5 patients experience a first course DLT (at least possibly attributed to the study drugs) 
in the 1st 15 patients 
- 
If 6 patients experience a first course DLT (at least possibly attributed to the study drugs) 
in the 1st  18 patients 
- 
If 7 patients experience a first course DLT (at least possibly attributed to the study drugs)  
 


 
 
 
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Patients who enrolled as inevaluable for hematologic DLT due to marrow involvement and low 
baseline blood counts will remain inevaluable for hematologic DLT even if their bone marrow 
disease appears to improve on therapy.  The number of these patients who require dose 
modifications in subsequent courses will be reported descriptively. These patients will follow dose 
modification guidelines according to sections 4.6.1 and 4.6.2. These patients will be evaluable for 
response.  
 
The table below summarizes the probability that the boundary indicating excessive DLT’s has 
been crossed according to the rules above.  The values in the table below are based on 10,000 
simulations and are accurate to ±0.01 (based on a 95% confidence interval). 
 
 
 
 
 
Table: Probability that the boundary indicating excessive DLT’s has been crossed 
True Chance of DLT 
5% 
10% 
15% 
20% 
25% 
30% 
35% 
Probability 
of 
Excessive 
DLT’s 
0.04 
0.13 
0.28 
0.44 
0.61 
0.75 
0.85 
 
 
10.5 
Statistical Rules for Oral Solution Cohort 
 
Up to 6 patients evaluable for dose escalation consideration (section 10.2.1) will be enrolled at 
the starting dose level for this cohort (dose level 1B = one dose level below the phase 2 dose 
obtained with enteric coated tablets), following the rolling-six rules in section 10.3.  After 
enrollment to this dose level is complete, the toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters will be 
assessed by the study committee.   
 
If dose de-escalation is indicated based upon toxicity at dose level 1B, this will occur following the 
rolling-six rules in section 10.3 and will occur independent of pharmacokinetic results.     
 
If dose escalation appears feasible based upon toxicity at dose level 1B, this will occur following 
the rolling-six rules in section 10.3 only if the study committee determines that MLN8237 
exposures are below predicted levels at dose level 1B.  This provision is in place since dose level 
2B with the oral solution is predicted to be comparable to dose level 3B with the tablet formulation 
and that dose level was not tolerable in the phase 1 portion of the study.     
 
Once the MTD with the oral solution has been determined, the study committee will assess the 
pharmacokinetic parameters to determine if enrollment of up to additional 6 patients at the MTD 
will be needed to better characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of the oral solution.  Interpatient 
variability and comparison with exposures obtained with oral solution and enteric coated tablets 
will be used to drive this determination.     
 
10.6  
Analysis of Results 
 
The outcome status (in terms of number of courses received, toxicity, response, reason off 
treatment, progression, and survival) of all registered patients will be reported. 
 
10.6.1 Toxicity 
All toxicities observed will be summarized in terms of type (organ affected or laboratory 
determination), severity (by NCI CTCAE), and attribution. Tables will be created to summarize 
theses toxicities and side effects by tablet vs. oral solution, by dose level and by course. 
Particular emphasis will be placed on descriptions of diarrhea, mucositis, and myelosuppression. 
 
 
10.6.2   Response/Outcome 
All eligible patients who begin treatment will be included in the analysis of overall survival, event-
free survival (EFS), and best response (defined in Section 11.0 below).  Patients with measurable 


 
 
 
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or evaluable tumor who receive study therapy or who progress prior to completion of therapy will 
be included in a planned subset analysis of tumor response (per Section 5.2.2).  
Overall survival is defined as the time from start of treatment until death due to any cause or time 
of last follow-up if the patient is alive at the last known follow-up.  Event-free survival is defined as 
time from start of treatment to disease progression, development of a second malignancy, or 
death – whichever comes first;  patients who are alive, have not progressed or developed a new 
malignancy will be censored at their last follow-up.   
 
10.7 
Monitoring Plan for Death within 30 Days of Last Treatment 
Each death on study not due to tumor will be reviewed by the NANT Study Management 
Committee, reported to NANT DSMB and a decision in consultation with NANT DSMB and IND 
sponsor will be made to close the trial, modify the trial, or continue unchanged; in addition, it will 
be determined if the event requires that new information be added to the informed consent.  Each 
death occurring within 30 days of completing the last dose of MLN8237 regardless of cause will 
be reviewed and reported to the NANT DSMB and to the FDA according to standard procedure.   
 
10.8 
Pharmacokinetic and Correlative Biology Studies 
Routine pharmacokinetic parameters for both MLN8237 and irinotecan will be determined using 
standard methods and reported descriptively.  After completion of the phase II portion of the 
study, a final pharmacokinetic analysis will be performed that incorporates results from the phase 
I, phase II, and oral solution cohort portions of the study.  Parameters to be determined include 
exposure, clearance, Cmax, Tmax, Css, and terminal half-life for both MLN8237 and irinotecan.  
These parameters will be assessed for both the enteric coated tablet formulation and for the oral 
solution formulation.  These parameters will be qualitatively compared with estimates from prior 
studies of MLN8237 and irinotecan as single agents.  In addition, these parameters for MLN8237 
will be qualitatively compared between the enteric coated tablet and oral solution formulations.    
 
The correlative biology studies are considered descriptive.  For the study of UGT1A1 genotype 
and toxicity, patients will first be categorized according to the number of UGT1A1*28 alleles (0, 1, 
or 2 copies of the allele).  Association between UGT1A1 genotype and occurrence of (any) DLT 
and diarrhea will then be examined qualitatively.  For the study of Aurora A expression, patients 
will first be categorized as having “high” or “low” Aurora A tumor expression for both mRNA and 
protein (using a median split).  Association between Aurora A expression, response and EFS will 
then be examined. Similarly, associations between MYCN amplification status and Aurora A 
expression (mRNA and protein), response and EFS, and will be examined. These descriptive 
analyses will use contingency tables, scatterplots, and Kaplan-Meier plots, as well as 
corresponding quantitative measures of association.  Association between AURKA genotype and 
objective response will be examined qualitatively.  Patients will be categorized according to 
genotype at the two AURKA SNPs of interest (homozygous wild type; heterozygous; homozygous 
minor allele), with the percent of patients with at least a partial response or better given in each 
category.   
 
10.9     Inclusion of Women and Minorities 
 
The study is open to all participants regardless of gender or ethnicity. Review of accrual to past 
NANT studies of new agents demonstrates the accrual of both genders and all NIH-identified 
ethnicities to such studies. The small number of patients entered into this trial will obviate any 
analysis of variation in response rate with gender or ethnicity. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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11.0 
RESPONSE CRITERIA VERSION 1.2 
 
With Amendment #6, response criteria have changed to the following NANT Response Criteria 
version 1.2.  The previous NANT Response Criteria versions 1.0 and 1.1 have been moved to 
Appendix VII and Appendix VIII, respectively, for reference.  For all patients enrolling prior to 
Amendment #5, sites should continue to utilize version 1.0 to assess and report response.  For all 
patients enrolling with Amendment #5 and after, sites will use version 1.2 to assess and report 
response.  NANT central review of response will utilize version 1.2 for all patients. 
 
Overall response will incorporate all three parameters: CT/MRI; MIBG (FDG-PET is substituted 
for MIBG non-avid tumors); and bone marrow response with response defined as outlined in 
Section 11.6.  Response for each parameter and overall response will be reported by the treating 
site using the criteria below. However, the final statistical analysis of response will be defined by 
central review, using the same criteria below. 
 
11.1 
Response Criteria for CT/MRI Lesions 
 
For lesions evaluated by CT/MRI, this study will use the definitions of measurable disease from 
the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1; European Journal Cancer 45: 
228-247, 2009) modified per the criteria below to define target lesions (lesions which are 
measurable AND evaluable for response). 
 
11.1.1 Definition of soft tissue TARGET LESIONS on CT/MRI: 
 
Soft tissue target lesions that will be followed for response must meet criteria in a. and b. below: 
a. A target lesion must be measurable, defined as a soft tissue lesion that can be 
accurately measured in at least one dimension with a longest diameter ≥ 10mm, or 
for lymph nodes ≥ 15mm on short axis.  (The short axis is measured after identifying 
the longest diameter of a lymph node or nodal mass, and then measuring the longest 
perpendicular diameter to that as the short axis). 
b. A target lesion must also be evaluable for response:  To be evaluable, the lesion 
must also be MIBG or FDG-PET avid (if tumor known to be MIBG non-avid), or have 
a biopsy as required in the eligibility criteria.  If one soft tissue lesion present at 
enrollment is biopsied showing neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma at any time 
point, then all other soft tissue lesions present at enrollment are considered 
evaluable.  Bone marrow positivity does not affect soft tissue evaluability. 
 
NOTE: Soft tissue components of bone lesions will be considered measurable lesions if > 
10mm in at least one dimension, and evaluable for response if MIBG avid (or FDG-PET-
avid if tumor known to be MIBG non-avid). 
 
Serial measurements of target lesions are to be done with the same method of 
assessment (either CT or MRI) used to characterize each lesion reported at baseline.  
The sum of diameters (longest for non-nodal lesions, short axis for nodal lesions) for all 
target lesions will be calculated and reported as the sum of diameters. 
 
 
11.1.2  NON-TARGET SOFT TISSUE LESIONS will include: 
 
a. Leptomeningeal tumor and tumor in cerebrospinal fluid cytology will be considered 
non-target lesions. 
b. Lesions  that are considered likely to be active tumor  by the treating physician based 
on clinical correlation (for example, hepatic and pulmonary nodules) 
 
11.1.3  The following lesions will NOT be followed to evaluate response either as target lesions or 
non-target lesions, if they meet the criteria below AND the treating physician feels they are 
unlikely to represent active tumor (an exception for active tumor will be made for c. below): 
a. Measurable soft tissue lesions (≥ 10mm) that are not MIBG avid or PET avid (if tumor 
known to be MIBG non-avid) and if biopsied did not show neuroblastoma or 
ganglioneuroblastoma. 


 
 
 
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b. Non-measurable soft tissue lesions < 10mm or non-measurable lymph nodes 
(defined as lymph nodes >10 to <15mm on short axis). 
c. Intramedullary bone lesions will not be followed for CT/MRI response even though 
they are felt to represent active tumor  since they will be evaluated with MIBG scans 
(or FDG-PET scans if MIBG non-avid), and since bone changes on CT/MRI are 
known to persist after resolution of active tumor.   
 
11.1.4 The response of the CT/MRI lesions will be defined as outlined below: 
 
11.1.4.1 
Complete Response (CR) 
Disappearance of all target and non-target CT/MRI lesions.   
 
11.1.4.2 
Partial Response (PR) 
At least a 30% decrease in sum of diameters of CT/MRI lesions (using longest diameter for non-
nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions), taking as reference the measurement of target 
lesions performed at study enrollment. Non-target CT/MRI lesions must be stable to smaller in 
size.  No new lesions.  MIBG (FDG-PET for MIBG non-avid tumors) uptake may still be present in 
lesions positive at enrollment. 
 
11.1.4.3 
Progressive Disease (PD) 
At least a 20% increase in sum of diameters of target lesions (using longest dimension for non-
nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions) taking as reference the smallest sum of diameters 
while on study (this includes the baseline if that is the smallest on study).  In addition to the 
relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of 5mm. A new 
target or non-target tumor lesion seen on CT/MRI without MIBG or PET uptake is considered PD, 
but may be biopsied to rule out PD.  An overall substantial worsening of non-target CT/MRI 
lesions is also considered as a criteria for PD (guidance for substantial includes a 73% increase  
in volume, or sufficient worsening of overall non-target disease such that the treating physician 
feels a change in therapy is indicated).     
 
New uptake of MIBG (or FDG-PET for MIBG non-avid tumors) at target and/or non-target lesions 
which are stable in size, will be captured in MIBG response(or FDG PET response if tumor is 
MIBG non-avid) and will NOT be graded as CT/MRI progression (CT/MRI would be graded as 
SD). Biopsy of such lesions can be done to rule out PD for the MIBG (or FDG-PET) response.   
 
11.1.4.4  Stable disease (SD)  
(Applies only to patients with target lesions) 
Neither sufficient shrinkage in sum of diameters to qualify for PR and patient does not meet any 
criteria for PD. No new lesions.  Non-target lesions must be stable to smaller in size. 
 
11.1.4.5  Stable disease-no target lesions (SD-NTL)   
(Applies to patients with non-target lesions only) 
Non-target lesions are still present; may be smaller or stable in size, and do not meet criteria for 
PD.  No new non-target tumor lesions (new lesions may be biopsied to rule out PD). 
 
11.1.4.6 
Not involved (NI):  No target or non-target lesions 
 
11.1.4.7  
Non-target lesions only:  Patient has no target lesions, but does have non-target 
lesions. 
 
11.1.4.8  Not evaluable (NE) 
 CT/MRI scans are of inadequate quality as assessed by central reviewer, or scans are not 
repeated of all lesions with tumor documented at entry. (Note that patients not evaluable at a 
given time point may be evaluable for response at later time points if all scans done with 
adequate quality at later time point.) or if based on Study Management Committee / PI review it is 
deemed that there is insufficient data to grade response. 
 
11.1.4.9 
Not done (ND) 
No CT/MRI scans were done at the given time point.  
 
 


 
 
 
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11.2 
Response Criteria for Morphologic Bone Marrow Disease 
 
Routine morphology (with or without routine immunocytochemistry) will be used for baseline 
evaluation and all subsequent response evaluations performed while on protocol therapy, and at 
end of protocol therapy.  Central review will be performed on bilateral biopsies only, unless tumor 
is seen only on aspirates. 
 
Patients with ≤ 5% tumor on all samples of the bilateral bone marrow aspirate and biopsies at 
study entry will be evaluable for bone marrow response, but defined separately from patients with 
> 5% at study entry. 
 
The percentage of tumor in an aspirate will be calculated as the number of tumor cells divided by 
the number of total nucleated cells.  The percentage of tumor in a biopsy will be calculated as the 
percent of tumor cells (including neuroblasts, mature and maturing ganglion cells) based on the 
bone marrow parenchymal surface area examined (excluding Schwannian stroma).   
 
11.2.1 Complete Response (CR) 
Greater than 5% tumor cells seen on any one sample of bilateral aspirates/biopsies performed at 
study entry, with no tumor cells seen on bilateral aspirates and biopsies at one subsequent time 
point. 
 
11.2.2 Complete Response Minimal Residual Disease (CR-MRD) Percentage of tumor ≤ 5% on 
all samples of bilateral aspirates/biopsies at study entry, with no tumor cells seen on bilateral 
aspirates and biopsies at one subsequent time point after starting protocol therapy.  If subsequent 
time points remain negative, then patient is classified as CR-MRD.  If subsequent time points are 
intermittently positive but with ≤ 10% tumor, then response should be reclassified as SD at the 
negative time points initially reported as CR-MRD.  
 
11.2.3 Progressive Disease (PD) 
Patients with any amount of tumor in the bone marrow at study entry will be considered to have 
PD if one subsequent evaluation shows >10% tumor on any one bone marrow sample AND there 
is a doubling in the amount of tumor compared to study entry (baseline). 
 
For example a patient entering with ≤ 5% tumor in marrow must increase to > 10% tumor to have 
PD; a patient entering with 30% tumor must increase to >60% tumor.  If patients have an 
increase in tumor amount which is less than the amount specified for PD, the response will be 
classified as SD.  
 
Patients who enter on study with no tumor seen will be considered PD if ONE subsequent 
evaluation shows >10% tumor.  If ≤ 10% tumor is seen on one subsequent evaluation or 
intermittently, the response will be classified as SD. 
 
11.2.4 Stable Disease (SD) 
Stable disease will be defined as persistence of an amount of tumor in the bone marrow that does 
not meet criteria for progressive disease or CR or CR- Minimal Residual Disease. (Note that 
patients who enter with ≤ 5% tumor and have one negative bone marrow which is initially graded 
as a CR-MRD and then on subsequent time points have 1-10% tumor noted would be then 
considered as SD at all time points, including the time point initially graded as CR).  
 
11.2.5  Not Evaluable (NE) 
Patients for whom follow-up bone marrows do not include an attempt to obtain bilateral aspirates 
and biopsies and do not have at least one adequate biopsy sample, as assessed by local site’s 
pathology report for that time point or if based on Study Management Committee / PI review it is 
deemed that there is insufficient data to grade response.    
 
11.2.6  Not involved (NI) 
Patients with no evidence of neuroblastoma in the bone marrow at study entry, and remain 
negative on subsequent evaluations.  (Note that such patients may be reclassified as SD if they 
meet the SD criteria above with intermittent tumor in the bone marrow). 
 
 


 
 
 
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11.2.7  Not done (ND) 
Bone marrow evaluation not done at a given time point. 
 
 
 
11.3. 
Response Criteria for MIBG Avid Lesions 
 
MIBG response will be graded using a modification of the Curie scoring scale (Eur J Cancer 
1995;31A:256-261).  The treating site will report the MIBG response using Curie, however the 
statistical endpoint of MIBG response will utilize the Curie score from the central reviewer. 
 
MIBG scans will be scored for 10 regions; 9 anatomic regions for skeletal metastases, and a 10th 
region for any MIBG avid soft tissue disease. 
 
Each of the 10 regions will be given a score of 0-3, as defined below. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scoring of Skeletal Disease 
Regions 1 – 9 
Scoring 
MIBG uptake 
0 
No MIBG uptake 
1 
1 focal lesion 
2 
> 1 focal lesion 
3 
> 50% of a region 
 
 
The absolute extension score is obtained by adding the scores of all ten regions.  The presence 
of a MIBG avid lesion, and NOT the “intensity” of MIBG-avidity, determines the scoring within a 
particular region. 
 
REGIONS 1 – 9 / SKELETAL DISEASE:  Cranio-facial disease is scored in Region 1, cervico-
thoracic spine in Region 2, ribs / sternum / clavicles / scapula in Region 3, lumbar-sacral spine in 
Region 4, pelvis in Region 5, humeri in Region 6, distal upper extremities in Region 7, femurs in 
Region 8, and distal lower extremities in Region 9 (see figure below). 
 


 
 
 
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REGION 10 / SOFT TISSUE DISEASE: Soft tissue disease within the neck, chest or 
abdomen/pelvis is scored within Region 10.  Examples of soft tissue lesions may include MIBG 
avid cervical, paraspinous, adrenal, renal, retroperitoneal, or hepatic masses. 
 
SCORING SOFT TISSUE DISEASE:  Score = 1 indicates an isolated soft tissue mass that 
encompasses < 50% of that region (chest or abdomen/pelvis).  Score = 2 indicates > 1 soft tissue 
lesion in the neck, chest or abdomen/pelvis.  A soft tissue score = 3 indicates MIBG avid soft 
tissue disease that emcompasses > 50% of either the chest or abdomen/pelvis.  (For example, a 
large adrenal mass in which the MIBG avidity encompasses > 50% of the abdomen/pelvis is 
scored a 3 for Region 10).  Cervical soft tissue disease is included in the chest region. 
 
If no MIBG-avid soft tissue lesions are present, then score 0 for Region 10. 
 
If a solitary soft tissue lesion extends into both the chest and abdomen/pelvic regions, score 3 for 
that lesion.  For example, a large paraspinous mass that extends along the thoracic and lumbar 
spine would be scored a 3 for Region 10.  Any corresponding metastatic bone disease within the 
thoracic or lumbar spine would be scored separately for the cervico-thoracic spine (Region 2) and 
lumbar spine (Region 4). 
 
Conjugate planar imaging will be used to score a given region.  SPECT scans may be used as an 
adjunct, but only to help delineate the location of the MIBG avid lesion. 
 
The relative score is calculated by dividing the absolute score at each time by the corresponding 
pre-treatment overall score. The relative score of each patient is calculated at each response 
assessment and classified as below:  
a. Complete response:  all areas of uptake on MIBG scan completely resolved. 
b. Partial response: Relative score > 0.1 to < 0.5 
c. Stable disease: Relative score > 0.5 to < 1.2  
d. Progressive disease:  New lesions on MIBG scan OR a relative score > 1.2.  Biopsy 
of new lesions may be done to rule out progressive disease. If biopsy is negative for 
tumor (neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma), patient will not meet definition of 
PD.   
e.  Not evaluable (NE):  MIBG scan of inadequate quality as assessed by central 
reviewer. 
f.  Not involved (NI): No MIBG avid lesions at study entry and subsequent response 
time points. 
g. Not done (ND): MIBG scan not done at a given response time point 
 
11.4   Response Criteria using FDG-PET scans (for MIBG non-avid patients) 
 
Patients known to be non-avid for MIBG should have FDG-PET scans performed for monitoring 
response. FDG-PET avid lesions will be scored by the presence or absence of a lesion with uptake 
that is two times above background. 
 
11.4.1 Complete response (CR) 
Resolution of all FDG-PET uptake in all FDG-PET avid lesions identified at baseline and no new 
FDG-PET avid lesions. 
 
11.4.2  Partial response (PR) 
Reduction of number of lesions by FDG-PET by > = 50%.  No new FDG-PET avid lesions. 
 
11.4.3  Stable disease (SD) 
Changes that do not meet the criteria for PR or PD.   
 
11.4.4  Progressive disease (PD) 
New lesions on FDG-PET scan.  Note: biopsy may be done to exclude causes of FDG-PET uptake 
other than tumor.  If biopsy is negative for tumor (neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma), 
patient will not meet definition of PD.   
 
11.4.5  Not evaluable (NE) 


 
 
 
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FDG-PET scan of inadequate quality to evaluate response or if based on Study Management 
Committee / PI review it is deemed that there is insufficient data to grade response. 
 
11.4.6  Not involved (NI) 
No FDG-PET uptake that is two times above background.   
 
11.4.7  Not done (ND) 
FDG-PET scan not done at a given time point. 
 
On central review, FDG-PET avid lesions will be evaluated by both the Curie scoring method and 
by enumeration of lesions to grade response. 
 
11.5 
Urine Catecholamines 
 
Due to variance with diet and concomitant medications, frequently missing dopamine levels, and 
lack of standardized methodology for this assay, urine catecholamines will not be utilized in 
grading response.  Results of urine catecholamines will still be requested at all response 
evaluation time points and recorded in database as both actual value and as “elevated” or “not 
elevated”.  Catecholamines must be at least 3 standard deviations above the mean for age to be 
classified as “elevated”. 
 
11.6 
Definition of Overall Response for Each Patient 
 
The criteria below will be used to define the overall response for each patient, with consideration of 
all three individual response parameters: CT/MRI, MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid), and Bone 
Marrow.  
 
11.6.1 Complete Response (CR) 
Response of CR or NI for MIBG, (FDG-PET if tumor is not MIBG avid), CT/MRI, and bone 
marrow.  
 
11.6.2  Complete Response MRD (CR-MRD) 
Response of CR or NI for MIBG (FDG-PET if tumor is not MIBG avid), CT/MRI response of CR or 
NI, with BM response of CR-MRD  
 
11.6.3 Partial Response (PR) 
Response of PR in both CT/MRI and MIBG (FDG-PET if tumor is not MIBG avid); or response of 
PR in either CT/MRI or MIBG (FDG-PET if tumor is not MIBG avid) with response of CR, NI, or 
SD-NTL for other parameter.  Bone marrow response of either CR, CR-MRD, NI, or SD for 
patients with maximum amount of tumor ≤ 5% at baseline.   
 
11.6.4 Progressive Disease (PD) 
Either one of the following will define an overall response of PD: 
a. At least one response parameter including CT/MRI, MIBG, bone marrow and/or FDG-
PET response is PD.  If PD is found by one parameter, the other two parameters are 
not required to be evaluated to define an overall response of PD. 
b. Treating physician grades patient as progressive disease based on clinical 
assessment without radiographic or bone marrow evaluations. 
  
11.6.5 Stable disease (SD)   
Response of stable disease for at least one parameter, with response of SD, NI, or SD-NTL 
forother parameters.   
 
11.6.6 Minor response (MR) 
Complete response, Complete-MRD response, and/or partial response for one parameter (i.e. 
CT/MRI, MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid), bone marrow), with response of stable disease for 
second parameter and any response other than PD or not evaluable for third parameter. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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11.6.7 Not evaluable (NE) 
Response of Not evaluable for one or more response parameters including CT/MRI, MIBG (FDG-
PET if MIBG non-avid), or bone marrow for any parameter that had measurable/evaluable tumor at 
study enrollment.  However, if one parameter is done and demonstrates PD this is defined as an 
overall response of PD.  In addition, response may be declared not evaluable if review by the Study 
Management Committee / PI deems that there is insufficient data to grade response. 
 
11.6.8 No progression  
Baseline status at enrollment was NI or non-target lesions only for CT, NI for bone marrow, NI for 
MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid) and there has NOT been PD at any site since on protocol 
therapy 
 
11.6.9 Not done (ND) 
Response not assessed at this time point. 
 
11.6.10   Summary 
The overall response as assessed at any particular time point based on consideration of each of the 
three parameters as defined above is summarized in the following table: 
Overall Response Assignment 
CT/MRI 
Response 
MIBG Response* 
Bone Marrow 
Response 
Overall Response 
PD for any one parameter with any response (including Not Evaluable or Not 
Done) for the other 2 parameters. PD may also be defined by clinical 
assessment of the treating physician only. 
PD 
CR 
CR 
CR 
CR 
CR for one parameter with either CR or NI for other parameters 
CR 
MIBG response = CR or NI 
CT/MRI response = CR or SD-NTL or NI 
 
CR-MRD 
CR-MRD 
 
CR or PR or 
SD-NTL or NI   
 
PR  
CR or 
CR-MRD or NI 
-OR- 
SD if ≤ 5% tumor in 
bone marrow at 
study entry 
PR 
 
 
 
 
PR 
 
 
 
 
CR  or PR or NI  
 
CR or CR-MRD or 
NI 
-OR- 
SD if ≤ 5% tumor in 
bone marrow at 
study entry 
 
PR 
SD for one parameter, with SD or NI or SD-NTL for other two parameters 
SD 
CR or CR-MRD or PR for  at least one parameter, SD for a second 
parameter, and any response other than PD or Not Evaluable for other 
parameter 
Minor response 
Response of Not Evaluable for any one of the 3 parameters that had 
measurable/evaluable tumor at study enrollment and no PD for any 
parameter.  
Not Evaluable 
No response evaluations performed for any of the 3 parameters 
Not Done 
NI or non-target 
lesions only at 
enrollment  and 
no PD on 
subsequent 
timepoint  
NI at enrollment and no PD at 
subsequent time point 
NI at enrollment 
and no PD at 
subsequent time 
point 
 
No progression 
*For patients who utilize FDG-PET in place of MIBG response, then substitute FDG-PET response for MIBG response in 
this table to define overall response. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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12.0 
ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 
 
Rapid mandatory toxicity case report and hemogram forms will be submitted to the NANT 
Operations Office weekly for all patients on Course 1.  
 
12.1 
Purpose 
 
Adverse event data collection and reporting, which are required as part of every clinical trial, are 
done to ensure the safety of patients enrolled in the studies as well as those who will enroll in 
future studies using similar agents. Adverse events are reported in a routine manner at scheduled 
times during a trial. (Please follow directions for routine reporting provided in the data collection 
packet for this protocol). Additionally, certain adverse events must be reported in an expedited 
manner to allow for timelier monitoring of patient safety and care. The following sections provide 
information about expedited reporting through the use of a written IND safety report (MedWatch) 
to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 
 
Adverse events will be graded according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse 
Events (CTCAE), Version 4.   A copy of the CTCAEv4 can be downloaded from the CTEP home 
page (http://ctep.cancer.gov).   
 
12.2  Definitions 
 
Adverse Event (AE): An adverse event means any untoward medical occurrence associated 
with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered drug related. 
 
Suspected Adverse Reaction: Any adverse event for which there is a reasonable possibility that 
the drug caused the adverse event.  Reasonable possibility means there is evidence to suggest a 
causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event. 
 
Unexpected Adverse Event or Unexpected Suspected Adverse Reaction: An adverse event 
or suspected adverse reaction is considered “unexpected” if it is not listed in the investigator 
brochure or is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been observed; or, if an investigator 
brochure is not available, is not consistent with the risk information described in the general 
investigational plan. 
 
Serious Adverse Events (SAE) or Serious Suspected Adverse Reactions: An adverse event 
or suspected adverse reaction is considered serious if, in the view of either the investigator or 
sponsor, it results in any of the following outcomes: 
 
Death of Patient 
An event that results in the death of a patient. 
Life-Threatening 
An event that, in the opinion of the investigator, would have resulted in immediate 
fatality if medical intervention had not been taken.  This does not include an event 
that would have been fatal if it had occurred in a more severe form. 
Hospitalization 
An event that results in an admission to the hospital for any length of time.  This 
does not include an emergency room visit or admission to an outpatient facility. 
Prolongation of 
Hospitalization 
An event that occurs while the study patient is hospitalized and prolongs the 
patient’s hospital stay. 
Congenital 
Anomaly 
An anomaly detected at or after birth or any anomaly that result in fetal loss. 
Persistent or 
Significant 
Disability/ 
Incapacity 
An event that results in a condition that substantially interferes with the activities of 
daily living of a study patient.  Disability is not intended to include experiences of 
relatively minor medical significance such as headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, 
influenza, or accidental trauma (e.g., sprained ankle). 


 
 
 
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Important Medical 
Event Requiring 
Medical or Surgical 
Intervention to 
Prevent Serious 
Outcome 
An important medical event that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in 
death or hospitalization, but based on medical judgment may jeopardize the patient 
and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent any of the outcomes 
listed above (i.e., death of patient, life-threatening, hospitalization, prolongation of 
hospitalization, congenital anomaly, or persistent or significant disability/incapacity). 
Examples of such events include allergic bronchospasm requiring intensive 
treatment in an emergency room or at home, blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do 
not result in inpatient hospitalization, or the development of drug dependency or drug 
abuse. 
 
12.3 
Expedited Serious Adverse Event Reporting to NANT Operations 
 
For any serious adverse event, both expected and unexpected: 
 
• 
Contact the Study Chairperson and the NANT Operations Center to alert them to the  
       existence of the serious adverse event within 24 hours of learning of the event 
• 
Within 48 hours of learning of the event complete the NANT SAE form (see NANT website 
www.nant.org under protocol data forms/generic forms packet) and email to 
NANTstaff@chla.usc.edu.   
• 
Follow-up information should be submitted as soon as relevant information is available. 
 
Copies of all serious adverse event reports will be kept on file in the NANT Operations Center. All 
NANT institutions are to file SAE reports with their Institutional Review Boards according to local 
institutional policy.   
 
12.4 
Expedited Adverse Event Reporting to the FDA 
 
Per CFR 312.32 (c), the sponsor of the IND, Steven DuBois, must notify the FDA and all 
participating investigators in a written IND safety report of any adverse experience associated 
with use of the drug that is both serious and unexpected.  Each written notification shall be 
made as soon as possible, and in no event later than 15 calendar days after the sponsor’s initial 
receipt of the information.  Each written notification may be submitted on FDA Form 3500A 
(MedWatch) or in a narrative format and must bear prominent identification of its contents, i.e., 
“IND Safety Report”.  Follow-up information to a safety report should be submitted as soon as the 
relevant information is available. 
 
The sponsor must also notify FDA by telephone or by facsimile transmission of any 
unexpected fatal or life-threatening experience associated with use of the drug in the 
clinical studies conducted under the IND as soon as possible but in no event later than 7 
calendar days after initial receipt of the information. 
 
Each telephone call or facsimile transmission to the FDA shall be transmitted to the FDA division 
that has responsibility for review of the IND; a specific contact person is assigned to each IND at the 
time the application is filed, and this will be included in the FDA’s correspondence acknowledging 
receipt of the IND application.   
 
12.5 
NANT Operations Center Role in Expedited Adverse Event Reporting to the FDA 
and Participating Sites   
 
For purposes of this protocol, the MedWatch Report Form (FDA 3500A) will be submitted to the 
FDA by NANT on behalf of the IND sponsor, Steven DuBois.  These forms will be submitted to the 
appropriate FDA division and will serve as the written IND safety report.  The NANT Operations 
Center will file all expedited adverse event reports as well as other adverse events with the FDA 
and other relevant authorities or investigators.  The IND sponsor, Steven DuBois, has also 
delegated to the NANT Operations Center the telephone/facsimile FDA notification responsibilities 
for unexpected fatal or life-threatening experiences.  All IND submissions will be maintained in a 
master file at the NANT Operations Center. 
 


 
 
 
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For Adverse Events associated with the use of the drug that are both Serious and Unexpected: 
• 
The MedWatch form will be drafted by the NANT Operations Center based on the SAE 
form within 10 days of the adverse event and reviewed with PI at treating site and the study 
chair.  Final Medwatch form will be submitted to FDA by NANT Operations Center.  
Electronic version of MedWatch form is available from NANT Operations Center or Med 
Watch website www.fda.gov/medwatch. NANT will forward the completed report the FDA 
and other relevant authorities or investigators on behalf of the IND Sponsor, Steven 
DuBois.  
• 
Follow-up information should be submitted as soon as relevant information is available. 
 
 
For Adverse Events associated with the use of the drug that are Unexpected or Life Threatening: 
• 
Notify the NANT Operations Center (who will notify the FDA and other relevant authorities 
and investigators) by telephone or fax as soon as possible but no later than 7 calendar 
days from the occurrence of the event. 
 
FDA PHONE: 
1-800-332-1088 
FDA FAX: 
1-800-332-0178 
 
• 
The MedWatch form will be drafted by the NANT Operations Center based on the SAE 
form within 10 days of the adverse event and reviewed with PI at treating site and the study 
chair.  Final Medwatch form will be submitted to FDA and other relevant authorities or 
investigators by NANT Operations Center on behalf of the IND Sponsor, Steven DuBois.   
• 
Follow-up information should be submitted as soon as relevant information is available. 
 
A cover letter to accompany the Med Watch report will be prepared by the NANT Operations 
Center in collaboration with the IND sponsor, Dr. DuBois. Cover letter will be submitted with 
MedWatch report to the FDA and other NANT institutions and relevant authorities).  Contents will 
include: 
 
1. An assessment of the adverse event and its significance/relevance to the study.  Does the 
occurrence of this AE alter the risk/benefit ratio of the study. 
2. A statement as to whether this adverse event has been reported previously, and if so, 
whether the frequency is considered unusually high. 
3. A statement as to whether the informed consent should reflect changes in the potential 
risks involved. 
 
Copies of all adverse event reports will be kept on file in the NANT Operations Center.  All NANT 
institutions are to file AE reports with their Institutional Review Boards according to local 
institutional policy.  The NANT Operations Center will also distribute copies of AE reports to 
Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc within two working days. 
 
 
12.6  
Adverse event reporting requirements for Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc 
 
NANT will notify Millennium Pharmaceuticals of all serious adverse events, both expected and 
unexpected, and copy all Medwatch forms and related correspondence to Millennium.  
Notification will be via Cognizant at the following contacts: 
 
Fax Number: 1-800-963-6290 
Email: TakedaOncoCases@cognizant.com  
 
 
12.7 
Reporting Secondary AML/MDS 
 
Within two weeks of an AML/MDS diagnosis or other secondary malignancy following treatment 
for cancer, submit the following to the NANT Operations Center: 
 


 
 
 
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o 
A completed NANT SAE Form 
o 
A copy of the pathology report confirming the AML/MDS 
o 
A copy of the cytogenetic report (if applicable) 
 
The NANT Operations Center will submit the form and accompanying reports to Steven DuBois 
(IND Sponsor), Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, and to the FDA via MedWatch. All NANT 
institutions are to file the secondary malignancy reports with their Institutional Review Boards 
according to local institutional policy. 
 
 
12.8   
Procedures for Reporting Drug Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Events 
 
If a woman becomes pregnant or suspects that she is pregnant while participating in this study, she 
must inform the investigator immediately and must permanently discontinue study drug(s).  All 
pregnancies and suspected pregnancies will be reported to Millennium Pharmacovigilance by the 
NANT Operations Office (see Section 12.4 for contact information) immediately.  The pregnancy 
must be followed for the final pregnancy outcome (ie, delivery, still birth, miscarriage) and 
Millennium Pharmacovigilance will request this information from the investigator. 
 
If a female partner of a male patient becomes pregnant during the male patient’s participation in this 
study, this must be reported to Millennium Pharmacovigilance by the NANT Operations Office 
immediately (see Section 12.4 for contact information).  Every effort should be made to follow the 
pregnancy for the final pregnancy outcome.” 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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13.0 
RECORDS AND REPORTING 
 
See separate Data Forms Packet which includes the data submission schedule in the member 
section on the NANT web site (www.NANT.org) 
 
The following are required to be submitted for all patients entered: 
 
• 
Study case report forms including patient diaries to document administration of 
temozolomide and MLN8237, bone marrow reports (including aspirate and biopsy 
reports), urine catecholamine reports, and radiology reports (CT/MRI/MIBG/PET scans). 
These forms and reports are faxed to the NANT Operations Center at 323-361-1803 or 
sent by email as electronic files to nantdata@chla.usc.edu at the end of each cycle of 
therapy.   
 
• 
For all patients on study, CT/MRI and MIBG scans done as baseline tumor evaluation at 
study entry  are required to be submitted into NANT PACS for central review  (Bone 
marrow slides from study entry may also be requested at the discretion of the Operations 
Center). 
 
• 
 For all patients who report an overall response of CR, CRT-MRD, PR, Minor Response 
or who have SD for at least 4 cycles will submit all CT/MRI scans, MIBG scans, and bone 
marrow aspirate and biopsy slides done, during therapy and at end of protocol therapy for 
central review upon request by NANT Operations Center. Additional scans may also be 
requested by the NANT Operations Center to clarify response. Radiology scans are 
requested to be submitted via GRID, however CD/optical disk may also be sent to NANT 
Operations Center with patient identifiers removed (scans will be identified by NANT 
patient number/study number).   
 
• 
For all patients, slides from bone marrow aspirates done at the time of study entry, during 
therapy and at end of therapy, are required to be submitted upon request to NANT 
Operations Center.   
 
 
 


 
 
 
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14.0 
REFERENCES 
 
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Goodman M, Gurney J, Smith M, Olshan A. Sympathetic Nervous System Tumors. In: 
Ries L, Smith M, Gurney J, et al., editors. Cancer Incidence and Survival among Children 
and Adolescents: United StatesSEER Program 1975-1995, National Cancer Institute, 
SEER Program. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; 1999. p 65-72. 
2. 
Wagner LM, Crews KR, Iacono LC, et al. Phase I trial of temozolomide and protracted 
irinotecan in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2004:10:840-
848. 
3. 
Bagatell R, London WB, Wagner LM, et al. Phase II study of irinotecan and 
temozolomide in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: a Children's 
Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2011:29:208-213. 
4. 
Wagner LM, Villablanca JG, Stewart CF, et al. Phase I trial of oral irinotecan and 
temozolomide for children with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma: a new approach to 
neuroblastoma therapy consortium study. J Clin Oncol 2009:27:1290-1296. 
5. 
Kushner BH, Kramer K, Modak S, Cheung NK. Irinotecan plus temozolomide for relapsed 
or refractory neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2006:24:5271-5276. 
6. 
Casey DA, Wexler LH, Merchant MS, et al. Irinotecan and temozolomide for Ewing 
sarcoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009:53:1029-
1034. 
7. 
Wagner LM, Crews KR, Stewart CF, et al. Reducing irinotecan-associated diarrhea in 
children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008:50:201-207. 
8. 
Mascarenhas L, Lyden ER, Breitfeld PP, et al. Randomized phase II window trial of two 
schedules of irinotecan with vincristine in patients with first relapse or progression of 
rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 
2010:28:4658-4663. 
9. 
Warner SL, Bearss DJ, Han H, Von Hoff DD. Targeting Aurora-2 kinase in cancer. Mol 
Cancer Ther 2003:2:589-595. 
10. 
Otto T, Horn S, Brockmann M, et al. Stabilization of N-Myc is a critical function of Aurora 
A in human neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2009:15:67-78. 
11. 
Zhou H, Kuang J, Zhong L, et al. Tumour amplified kinase STK15/BTAK induces 
centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and transformation. Nat Genet 1998:20:189-193. 
12. 
Shang X, Burlingame SM, Okcu MF, et al. Aurora A is a negative prognostic factor and a 
new therapeutic target in human neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2009:8:2461-2469. 
13. 
Houghton P, Morton C, Maris J, et al. Pediatric preclinical testing program (PPTP) 
evaluation of the Aurora A kinase inhibitor MLN8237. 2008 April 12-16; San Diego, CA. 
14. 
Huck JJ, Zhang M, Hyer ML, et al. Antitumor activity of the Auora A inhibitor MLN8237 in 
combination with Docetaxel in xenograft models of breast and prostate cancer. 2009. 
15. 
Zhang M, Huck J, Hyer M, et al. Effect of Aurora A kinase inhibitor MLN8237 combined 
with rituximab on antitumor activity in preclinical B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma models. 
2009. 
16. 
Mosse YP, Lipsitz E, Fox E, et al. Pediatric Phase I Trial and Pharmacokinetic Study of 
MLN8237, an Investigational Oral Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Aurora Kinase A: 
A Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Study. Clin Cancer Res In press. 
17. 
Deeken JF, Slack R, Marshall JL. Irinotecan and uridine diphosphate 
glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 pharmacogenetics: to test or not to test, that is the question. 
Cancer 2008:113:1502-1510. 
18. 
Hoskins JM, Goldberg RM, Qu P, et al. UGT1A1*28 genotype and irinotecan-induced 
neutropenia: dose matters. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007:99:1290-1295. 


 
 
 
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19. 
Hu ZY, Yu Q, Zhao YS. Dose-dependent association between UGT1A1 *28 
polymorphism and irinotecan-induced diarrhoea: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 
20. 
Stewart CF, Panetta JC, O'Shaughnessy MA, et al. UGT1A1 promoter genotype 
correlates with SN-38 pharmacokinetics, but not severe toxicity in patients receiving low-
dose irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 2007:25:2594-2600. 
21. 
Skolnik JM, Barrett JS, Jayaraman B, et al. Shortening the timeline of pediatric phase I 
trials: the rolling six design. J Clin Oncol 2008:26:190-195. 
22. 
Ady N, Zucker JM, Asselain B, et al. A new 123I-MIBG whole body scan scoring method-
-application to the prediction of the response of metastases to induction chemotherapy in 
stage IV neuroblastoma. Eur J Cancer 1995:31A:256-261. 
23. 
Brodeur GM, Pritchard J, Berthold F, et al. Revisions of the international criteria for 
neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 
1993:11:1466-1477. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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15.0  
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT AND ASSENT DOCUMENTS 
15.1 
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT:  PHASE I, PART B 
 
 
PHASE 
I/II 
STUDY 
OF 
MLN8237 
IN 
COMBINATION 
WITH 
IRINOTECAN 
AND 
TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA 
 
 
A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) treatment protocol. 
 
 
CONSENT FORM FOR PHASE I PORTION OF STUDY, PART B 
 
 
 
The word “you” used throughout this document refers to you or your child. 
 
 
WHAT IS THIS STUDY ABOUT? 
 
This study is a clinical trial, a type of research study. Clinical trials include only patients who 
choose to take part. Please take your time to make your decision about participating. You may 
discuss your decision with your friends, family, and health care team. If you have any questions, 
you may ask your study doctor. 
 
You are invited to participate in this study because you have been diagnosed with 
neuroblastoma. Your cancer has either grown back (relapsed) or has never gone away 
(persistent tumor) after standard treatment. Standard treatment may have included 
chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell 
transplant. 
 
 
WHY IS THIS STUDY BEING DONE? 
 
The purposes of this study are: 
 
To find the highest doses of MLN8237, that can be given with irinotecan, and temozolomide 
without causing severe side effects. 
 
To find out the side effects seen by giving MLN8237 at different dose levels with irinotecan, and 
temozolomide. 
 
To measure the levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan in the blood at different dose levels 
 
To determine if your tumor gets smaller after treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide 
 
To determine if specific gene changes makes you more prone to side effects from and/or 
response to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide 
 
To determine if the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide delays disease 
progression in patients with relapsed or progressive neuroblastoma 
 
To determine if the amount of something in your tumor called MYCN or Aurora A makes you 
more likely to have a good response to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide 
 
 


 
 
 
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The research is being done because: 
 
Currently there is no known effective treatment for your type of cancer. 
 
This study will combine an oral drug called MLN8237 with two chemotherapy medicines called 
irinotecan and temozolomide.     
 
MLN8237 is an investigational drug that is not approved by the FDA.  MLN8237 blocks the 
function of a protein that is important in the growth of cancer cells. This drug has been tested as a 
single-agent in children with relapsed solid tumors, including patients with neuroblastoma.   In the 
laboratory, MLN8237 appears to make neuroblastoma tumors smaller.  This effect is even greater 
when MLN8237 is combined with the chemotherapy drugs, irinotecan and temozolomide.   
 
Irinotecan and temozolomide are both FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs.  These drugs are 
approved for the treatment of certain adult cancers, but have also been used to treat children with 
cancer.  These drugs have been used in combination in many people with neuroblastoma.  In 
some patients with neuroblastoma, this combination reduces the amount of neuroblastoma.   
 
Giving MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide may increase the effectiveness of 
this combination.  We first need to find out the highest dose of MLN8237 that can be given safely 
together with irinotecan and temozolomide.  This study will be the first study to test giving 
MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide.  Once we have found out the highest dose 
of MLN8237 that can be given with irinotecan and temozolomide, we will treat more patients with 
this combination to determine how effective it is.   
 
 
HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
22 people joined this first “phase 1” part of the study.  Up to 20 people will take part in a separate 
“phase 2” part of the study.  Another 6-18 people will take part in a different ongoing part of the 
study if they cannot swallow MLN8237 pills.   
 
 
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ME IF I TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
Medical Tests Before You Begin the Study 
 
You will need to have the following exams, tests or procedures to find out if you can received the 
treatment part of the study. These exams, tests or procedures are part of regular cancer care and 
may be done even if you do not join the study. These tests will also be done at various times 
throughout the study and at the end of the study. The purpose of these tests is to see how well 
the treatment works and to measure the status of your neuroblastoma. If you have had some of 
them recently, they may not need to be repeated. This will be up to your study doctor. 
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests# 
Blood tests 
Various scans* 
Pregnancy test 
 
Urine tests 
 
 
#Bone marrow tests are done by inserting a needle into the hip bone to remove the marrow which 
is inside the bone. 
* Various scans that are done for diagnosis and checking the response of the tumor to treatment. 
These may include CT and /or MRI scans, Bone scans and MIBG or PET scans. We will 
recommend scans specific for your case and we will answer your questions about these scans 
 
During the Study 
 
If the exams, tests and procedures show that you can be in the study, and you choose to take 
part, then you will need the following tests and procedures during the study. They are part of 
regular cancer care.  
 


 
 
 
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Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests 
Blood tests and scans 
Various scans 
Pregnancy test 
 
Urine tests 
 
 
Treatment Plan 
The treatment will be given in cycles that each last 21 days.  A diagram of one cycle is shown in 
the following figure.   
 
 
Day:    -1       0       1        2       3       4       5       6       7       8         21 
            C ------------------------------------------------------------------> 
                               Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir 
                               T       T       T       T       T 
                              M      M      M      M       M     M     M 
                                                                                             G 
 
Ir = Irinotecan 50 mg/m2/day IV days 1-5 
T = Temozolomide by dose level orally days 1-5 
M = MLN8237 by dose level once daily orally days 1-7  
C = oral cephalosporin diarrhea prophylaxis days -1 to +8 (required in Part B) 
G = myeloid growth factor starting on day 8 (required in Part B)      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
You will receive irinotecan into the bloodstream (either through your central line or through a 
small tube placed in a vein in your hand or arm) over 1 hour on days 1-5.  This medicine is 
typically given in the clinic.   
 
You will receive temozolomide by mouth once a day on days 1-5.  The medicine is most 
commonly given as a capsule.  If you have a hard time swallowing capsules, the medicine can 
also taken out of the capsule and swallowed with applesauce or apple juice.  This medicine is 
given 1 hour before the irinotecan is given.  This medicine is given on an empty stomach.   
 
You will receive MLN8237 by mouth once a day on days 1-7.  The medicine can only be given as 
a tablet.  On days 1-5, this medicine is given 1 hour before the irinotecan is given.  This medicine 
is given on an empty stomach.   
 
You will receive an oral antibiotic (cefixime or cefpodoxime) by mouth once a day or twice a day 
on days -1 through day +8.  This antibiotic is given to reduce the chances of getting diarrhea that 
can be seen in patients treated with irinotecan. 
 
You will also receive a drug to boost the white blood cells count (filgrastim or pegfilgrastim).  This 
drug will be started on day 8 of each cycle of treatment.  Filgrastim is a shot given into the skin 
each day until the white blood cell count increases.  Pegfilgrastim is a long-acting version of 
filgrastim that is given as a shot into the skin just once per cycle.  Your study doctor will talk with 
you about which of these drugs you will receive.     
 
When you join the study, you will be assigned a certain MLN8237 dose.  This study will test up to 
four MLN8237 doses in groups of 3-6 patients. The starting MLN8237 dose for the first group of 
patients is about 40% lower than what is currently being given to patients receiving MLN8237 
alone without bad side effects. If this is tolerated without serious side effects, then the MLN8237 
dose will be increased (“dose escalation”) in groups of 3-6 patients until serious side effects are 
seen. At that point, investigators will have found the highest dose of MLN8237 that can be given 
along with irinotecan and temozolomide without bad side effects.  This part of the study is called 
the Phase I part of the study.    
Disease evaluation after cycles 2, 4, 
8, and then every 4 cycles. 


 
 
 
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The doses of irinotecan and temozolomide are not increased during this study, though the dose 
of temozolomide may be decreased depending upon the side effects seen in other patients.  The 
doses used are typical doses used to treat patients with neuroblastoma.   
 
After the highest dose of MLN8237 that can be given with irinotecan and temozolomide has been 
found, another group of 8-20 patients will be treated with that highest dose to help determine how 
effective this combination is in treating neuroblastoma.  This part of the study is called the Phase 
II part of the study.   
 
You will only participate in the Phase I part of the study. 
 
You can receive up to 34 cycles of treatment (approximately 2 years) as long as you are not 
having bad side effects and as long as your tumor is not getting worse. Although other 
participating patients may receive a different dose of MLN8237, your assigned dose of MLN8237 
will not change during your participation in this study unless you develop certain side effects that 
necessitate lowering your dose of MLN8237. 
 
 
When you have finished treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide  
 
After you stop treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan and temozolomide, you will continue to have 
tests and scans done (listed below) to measure how much tumor is left. If test results show you 
have abnormal organ functions, tests will be repeated monthly until test results are stable or 
normal. You doctor will tell you how often these tests and evaluations will be done. 
 
Medical Tests after the Study: 
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests 
Blood tests 
Various scans 
Urine tests  
 
 
A table detailing the tests and procedures required before, during, and after the study has been 
attached to the end of this consent. 
 
Determining blood levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan  
 
One of the main research goals of this study is to find out the amount of MLN8237 and irinotecan 
in the blood during this treatment.  Since this is one of the main goals of the study you are 
required to submit extra blood samples in order to participate in the overall study.   
 
On the first day of the first cycle of treatment, a small amount of blood (5 mL, or about a 
teaspoon) will be drawn.  If you have a central line (such as a port or a Broviac), this sample can 
be drawn through that line.  Otherwise, you will need to have blood drawn through a vein.   
 
On the fourth day of the first cycle of treatment, a total of 36 mL (or a little more than 7 
teaspoons) will be drawn over 24 hours.  This schedule of blood draws is typically done as an 
outpatient.  If you have a central line with only one lumen or tube and that lumen or tube is being 
used to give you the irinotecan, then you will need to have at least 6 of these blood samples 
drawn through a vein.  Your study doctor may recommend placing an IV catheter or tube in one of 
your veins through which the blood can be drawn.  This may reduce the number of pokes needed 
for this part of the study.  If you have a central line with more than one lumen or tube, you may be 
able to have these blood samples drawn through one of the lumens or tubes that is not being 
used to give you the irinotecan.  Your study doctor can tell you whether you will need some pokes 
or an IV catheter placed or whether your type of central line can be used to draw these samples.   
 
This amount of blood is considered safe to donate over this amount of time.  Samples will be sent 
to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, PA and to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, 
MN for testing. 
 
 


 
 
 
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Other Research Tests in this Study 
You will be asked if you want to participate in optional research tests. This part of the study is 
optional. The results of these tests would not be told to you or your doctor or become part of 
your medical record. These results would also not be used to make decisions about your care 
while enrolled on this study. You can decide not to let the doctors do these tests and still be able 
to be treated as part of this clinical study. There are checkboxes on the next to last page of this 
consent form to mark whether you are willing to participate in these optional studies. 
 
Evaluating gene changes involved in breakdown and action of MLN8237 and irinotecan 
 
One part of the research goal is to look for genetic changes in normal blood cells of patients to 
see if these are related to how the liver handles MLN8237 and irinotecan, or whether you will 
have bad side effects after taking these drugs. We may also look to see if other genetic changes 
impact how likely a person is to respond to this drug combination. These tests are done on one 
sample of blood (one-two teaspoons, 5-10 mL) taken from your central line (or port) at the start of 
the first cycle of therapy.  This amount of blood is considered safe to donate.  The blood will be 
sent to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN for testing.    
 
Looking at Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors 
 
MLN8237 blocks the action of a protein called Aurora A.  Another research goal is to look at the 
amount of Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors to find out if the amount of Aurora A impacts 
whether tumors respond to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide.  These 
tests are done on stored neuroblastoma tissue from your previous tumor biopsies or surgeries.  If 
you agree to participate in this optional part of the study, we will request that your hospital send 
us some of your stored neuroblastoma tissue.  You will not need to have an extra biopsy or 
surgery to participate in this part of the study.  The tissue will be sent to the University of 
California in San Francisco, CA.   
 
HOW LONG WILL I BE ON THIS STUDY?  
 
You can receive up to 34 cycles of treatment (approximately 2 years) as long as you are not 
having bad side effects and as long as your tumor is not getting worse.   
 
After you stop treatment, you will continue to have tests and scans done to measure how much 
tumor is left. Your doctor will tell you how often these tests will be done. Researchers will continue 
to collect information about you for a lifetime. Researchers will be in contact with your primary care 
doctor to see how you are doing; whether your tumor has grown back and at what sites in the body; 
whether you have developed any side effects from the treatment; or whether you have developed 
any additional cancer. Your oncologist or family doctor will give the researchers this information at 
regular intervals. 
 
CAN I STOP BEING IN THE STUDY? 
 
Yes. If you are thinking about stopping the study, you should talk to your doctor before making a 
final decision so he/she can tell you how to do this safely.  
 
The study doctor may stop you from taking part in this study at any time if he/she believes it is in 
your best interest; if you do not follow study rules; or if the study is stopped. 
 
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THE STUDY? 
 
You will participate in the Phase 1 part of the study.   A Phase I study looks at how common and 
serious side effects can be for each patient at a specific dose of a drug. In a Phase I study, some 
patients may have very serious side effects and could die as a result of these side effects.  
 
In this study, researchers will be looking at side effects seen in patients taking different doses of 
MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide. Since subjects will be assigned to different 
doses of MLN8237, some subjects may receive doses that are too small to be effective while 
others may receive higher doses that may cause increased side effects.   
 


 
 
 
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Everyone taking part in the study will be watched carefully for any side effects. However, doctors 
don’t know all the side effects that may happen. Side effects may be mild or very serious. Other 
drugs may be given to make side effects less serious and more comfortable (such as for nausea, 
headache or itching). Many side effects go away soon after you stop taking MLN8237, irinotecan, 
and temozolomide, but it is always possible that side effects can be serious, long lasting or may 
never go away. There is also a risk of death. Patients are watched carefully and treatment will be 
stopped if bad side effects develop. Because this combination has never been given to children 
before, there may be risks we do not know about. You should talk to your doctor about any side 
effects that you have while taking part in this study. While on the study, you are at risk for the side 
effects listed on the following pages. 
 
Possible side effects of MLN8237 
There is limited experience using MLN8237 in humans. The risks and side effects listed here and 
their frequencies are anticipated or predicted based on tests in animals and some experience in 
people. It is expected that MLN8237 toxicities will be reversible, however it is possible that 
MLN8237 will have their toxicities that have not been observed in or predicted from its evaluation 
in animal studies and the few studies in adults that have been conducted to date. 
 
The frequency provided in the following table is approximate: 
 
Risks and side effects related to MLN8237 include those which are: 
 
 
 Likely 
(Anticipated in 21-100 
children out of every 100) 
Less Likely  
(Anticipated in 5 -20 children 
out of every 100) 
Rare but Serious 
(Anticipated in <5 children out of 
every 100) 
 
• Fewer red blood cells in 
the blood* 
• Diarrhea 
• Inflammation and/or 
sores in the mouth that 
may make swallowing 
difficult and are painful 
(painful mouth sores) 
• Nausea 
• Vomiting  
• A feeling of extreme 
tiredness not relieved by 
sleep 
• Low numbers of white 
blood cells* called 
lymphocytes and 
neutrophils/granulocytes 
that may make it easier 
to get infections which 
may be life threatening 
• Fewer platelets in the 
blood* 
• Loss of appetite 
• Hair loss 
 
 
 
• Fever with a low white blood 
cell count which could 
indicate infection and may 
require hospitalization and 
treatment with antibiotics* 
• Pain in the abdomen (belly), 
heartburn 
• Constipation 
• Mouth pain 
• Swelling caused by fluid 
build-up in the tissues of the 
arms and legs 
• Fever 
• Infections including those 
caused by bacteria, virus, 
and fungus, which may 
cause you to become very ill.  
• Increase in the blood level of 
certain enzymes or bilirubin 
(a waste product that passes 
through the liver) which 
could indicate liver irritation 
or damage 
• Increased levels of a 
chemical (creatinine) in the 
blood which could mean 
kidney damage 
• Excessive loss of water from 
the body 
• Back pain 
• Dizziness  
• Headache 
• Cough 
• Shortness of breath 
• Low blood pressure 
• 
Severe rash with redness 
and pain of the skin on the 
palms of the hands and 
soles of the feet. 
• 
Blistering of the skin. 
 
 


 
 
 
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• Weakness  
• Rash 
• Trouble walking 
• Changes in mood or 
confusion 
• Sleepiness, over-tiredness 
 
 
* If you have a decrease in the white blood cell count, the cells that fight infection, you may be 
more likely to get an infection, including a serious infection that spreads through the bloodstream 
(sepsis). If this happens, you will have to come to the hospital to be treated with antibiotics. If your 
white blood cell count is very low and you get a fever, you may have to come to the hospital to 
get treated with antibiotics. 
 
If you have a drop in the red blood cell count, the cells that carry oxygen around the body you 
may feel tired. If your red blood cell count drops very low you may need a blood transfusion. 
 
If you have a low platelet count, particles in the blood that help with clotting, you may have easy 
bruising or bleeding. If the count is very low and there is bleeding, you might need platelet 
transfusions to help stop the bleeding. 
 
Transfusions may be accompanied or followed by fever and/or reactions that can cause kidney 
failure, heart failure, anemia, hepatitis, A.I.D.S. (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and other 
infections. 
 
MLN8237 has a chemical structure that is similar to a group of drugs called benzodiazepines. 
These drugs may cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, there is a theoretical 
risk that MLN8237 could cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms, as well. It is possible that 
while taking this drug, you will feel changes in your mood such as a sense of euphoria (joy) or a 
feeling of unhappiness that could lead to depression and thoughts of hurting yourself. When 
stopping the drug, withdrawal symptoms could include: anxiety, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, 
tremors, rapid heart-beat, nausea and vomiting.  
 
Since there is a possibility that this drug may cause sedation (or sleepiness), you should 
not drink alcoholic beverages, since alcohol can also cause sleepiness. If you feel sleepy 
while you are on this study, you should avoid driving or doing anything that may need 
your full alertness, such as operating dangerous tools or machinery. This drug may also 
cause sleepiness if you are currently taking an opiate such as morphine, dilaudid, or 
fentanyl. 
 
We will tell you if we learn any new information that may affect your health, welfare, or decision to 
stay in this study. 
 
For more information about risks and side effects, ask your study doctor. 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Temozolomide 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 - 20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare but serious 
(happens to < 5 children out of 
100) 
 
•Fewer red and white blood 
cells and platelets in the blood.  
•Nausea 
• Vomiting 
• Constipation 
• Loss of appetite 
• Diarrhea 
• Headache 
• Tiredness 
• Rash 
• Itching 
• Increased need to urinate 
• Urinary Tract Infections 
• Mouth sores 
• Fluid buildup in legs and 
arms 
• Hair loss 
• Elevation in the blood of 
certain enzymes found in 
the liver 
• Pain in the abdomen 
• Convulsions 
Difficulty swallowing 
• Dizziness 
• Anxiety or depression 
• Difficulty sleeping 
• Severe allergic reaction 
which can be life 
threatening with 
shortness of breath, low 
blood pressure, rapid 
heart rate, chills and fever 
• Low numbers of white 
blood cells called lymphocytes 
that may last a long time and 
make it easier to get infections 
which may be life-threatening 
• Partial paralysis or weakness 
of one side of the body 
• 
Loss of memory 
• Blood clots which may be 
life-threatening 
• Visual disturbances that 
may cause double vision 
• Forgetfulness or confusion 
• Aches and pains in muscles 
• A new cancer or leukemia 
resulting from this treatment 
•Lack of muscle coordination 
which may affect speech, eye 
movement, 
swallowing, 
walking, picking up things. 
• 
Liver damage which may 
 cause yellowing of eyes and 
skin, swelling and may result 
in liver failure. 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Irinotecan 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 - 20 children 
out of 100) 
Rare but serious 
(happens to < 5 children out of 100) 
 
•Diarrhea that can occur 
during the infusion of 
irinotecan or immediately 
after 
and 
may 
be 
associated with abdominal 
cramping, a 
runny 
nose, 
tearing, 
salivation, 
sweating, 
flushing (feeling of warmth 
and 
red 
cheeks), 
and 
difficulty adjusting your eyes 
to light. 
Loss of body water 
• Nausea and Vomiting 
• Inflammation and/or sores 
in the mouth, 
• Loss of appetite 
• Stomach pain  
• Fever 
• A feeling of weakness 
and tiredness 
• Temporary hair loss 
• Elevation of liver and bone 
enzymes  in the blood and 
of 
bilirubin 
(yellow 
pigment 
formed in the liver) 
• An increase in the blood 
of a type of white blood cell 
called an eosinophil. These 
are sometimes associated 
with allergic reactions. 
• 
Decrease in the number 
of red and white blood cells 
and platelets made in the 
bone marrow 
 
• Fewer red blood cells and  
platelets in the blood 
blood. 
• Diarrhea that may occur 
later from 1 day to 2 weeks 
after irinotecan which 
could cause excessive loss 
of water and salts from the 
body 
• Constipation 
• Pain at the injection site 
• Blood clots which may be 
in 
rare 
cases 
life 
threatening* 
• Rash 
• Inflammation and/or sores 
in the mouth, throat and/or 
esophagus 
• Headache 
• An upset stomach 
• Increase in liver and 
kidney levels 
 
• Severe allergic reaction 
which can be life threatening with 
shortness 
of breath, low blood 
pressure and a rapid heart 
rate 
• Severe loss of water from 
the body (dehydration) 
which if untreated may 
cause low blood pressure 
and severe loss of salts such and 
sodium and 
potassium from the body 
and could lead to the 
kidneys failing which could 
be life-threatening 
• Inflammation of the lungs 
with cough and congestion 
• Inflammation of the part of 
the intestine known as the 
colon which can lead to 
infection, blood in the stools 
and abdominal pain 
• Headache 
• Skin inflammation  
• Trembling  
• Blood in the urine  
• Mildly increased level of protein 
and glucose in the urine  
• Low amount of protein in the 
blood  
• 
Mouth sores 
• 
Sensation of warmth on 
face. 
• 
Risk to the unborn child in 
pregnant patients.** 
• 
Pain at infusion site 
• 
Disorientation/confusion 
• 
Dizziness and low blood 
pressure 
• 
A blockage of the bowel 
that 
prevents 
passage 
through the bowel 
• 
Slow heart beat 
. 
 
* This toxicity is seen more commonly when irinotecan is given in combination with fluorouracil 
and leucovorin. It may rarely be a life threatening event. 
** Birth defects and other serious abnormalities in the unborn baby have been noted with 
irinotecan in animal studies at doses similar to or less than those used in humans. The timing and 
frequency of these effects is as yet unknown. These may include multiple birth defects and 
abnormalities of bone formation, small size of baby at birth and increased risk of death of the 
unborn baby. Irinotecan is excreted in rat milk but this is unknown for humans. 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of G-CSF (such as Neupogen, filgrastim Or  Neulasta, Pegfilgrastim) 
 
G-CSF is not an anti-cancer medicine.  It helps the growth of white blood cells that fight infection. 
 
Neupogen (Filgrastim) Toxicity: 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children 
out every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out every 
100 children) 
 
• 
Aching 
or 
pain 
in 
bones. 
 
• 
Local irritation/pain at 
the 
site 
of 
the 
injection. 
• 
Higher than normal 
levels in the blood of 
uric acid and of liver 
enzymes which may 
indicate liver irritation 
or damage. 
• 
Fever 
• 
Lower than normal 
platelet count in the 
blood 
 
• 
Allergic reactions which can 
be life threatening with 
shortness of breath, low blood 
pressure, rapid heart rate, 
hives, facial swelling. This 
reaction is very rare and has 
been associated mainly with 
intravenous administration. 
• 
If you are known to have 
sickle cell disease , this drug 
may cause sickle cell crises  
• 
Severe damage to the spleen 
(an organ in the abdomen 
which stores blood cells) 
which could lead to pain and  
loss of blood into the 
abdomen. Or rupture of the 
spleen. 
• 
Difficulty breathing and lung 
damage that may be due to 
the 
white 
blood 
cells, 
, 
travelling to the lungs when 
they are inflamed or infected 
(Adult 
Respiratory 
Distress 
Syndrome  
• 
Bone 
marrow 
dysfunction 
(MDS) or secondary leukemia 
in patients with very bad 
ongoing low white cell counts 
that 
require 
prolonged 
administration of this drug. 
• 
Worsening of skin rashes 
• 
Low Fever 
• 
Inflammation of blood vessels 
leading to a raised purple rash 
and bruising 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Neulasta (Pegfilgrastim) Toxicity: 
 
Likely  
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children out 
every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out 
every 100 children) 
 
 Aching or pain in bones. 
 
• 
Local irritation at the site of 
the injection. 
• 
Headache 
• 
Higher than normal levels in 
the blood of uric acid and of 
liver enzymes which may 
indicate liver irritation or 
damage. 
• 
A low number of platelets in 
the blood. 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
Low grade fever 
• 
Allergic reactions which 
can be life threatening with 
shortness of breath, low 
blood pressure, rapid heart 
rate, hives, facial swelling. 
This reaction is very rare 
and has been associated 
mainly with intravenous 
administration. 
• 
Redness and flushing of 
the face and body. 
• 
If you are known to have 
sickle  cell disease ,  this 
drug may cause sickle cell 
crises  
• 
Severe damage to the 
spleen (an organ in the 
abdomen which stores 
blood cells) which could 
lead to pain and loss of 
blood into the abdomen. 
• 
Markedly higher than 
normal white blood cell 
count which may be 
associated with fever and 
red, often painful patches 
on the skin (Sweet's 
syndrome). 
• 
Difficulty breathing and 
lung damage that may be 
due to the white blood 
cells, stimulated by 
Pegfilgrastim , travelling to 
the lungs when they are 
inflamed or infected (Adult 
Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome) 
 
 
Unknown frequency and timing:  It is unknown whether pegfilgrastim produces birth defects or 
other serious abnormalities in the unborn child in humans as there is conflicting data from animal 
studies. It is also unknown whether this drug is excreted in breast milk. 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Cefixime: 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens 
to 
5-20 
children out of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 100) 
 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Belly pain  
• 
Nausea 
• 
vomiting 
• 
Indigestion 
 
 
• 
Headache  
• 
Dizziness 
• 
Seizures  
• 
Allergic 
reactions 
which 
can 
be 
life 
threatening with shortness of breath , low 
blood pressure, rapid heart rate 
• 
Low number of white blood cells in the 
blood 
• 
Increase in the blood of a type of white 
blood cells called eosinophils , which are 
sometimes 
associated 
with 
allergic 
reactions 
• 
Decrease in platelets which may make you 
bruise or bleed easily. 
• 
Inflammation of the large intestine which 
can cause watery diarrhea with blood in 
stools and cramping abdominal pain,. 
• 
High blood tests of kidney and liver function 
• 
Hepatitis, yellowing of skin and whites of 
eyes 
• 
Rash with blistering of the skin and 
sometimes also lesions in the eyes, lips and 
mouth.  There can also be breakdown of the 
skin 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Cefpodoxime (Vantin-R) 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 100) 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Diaper rash 
 
 
• 
Belly pain  
• 
Nausea and vomiting, 
• 
Headache  
• 
Seizures  
• 
Allergic reactions which can be life 
threatening with shortness of breath , 
low blood pressure, rapid heart rate 
• 
Chest pain 
• 
Decrease 
in 
white 
blood 
cells, 
platelets and red blood cells: 
• 
Increase in the blood of a type of 
white blood cells called eosinophils , 
which are sometimes associated with 
allergic reactions 
• 
Inflammation of the large intestine 
which can cause watery diarrhea with 
blood 
in 
stools 
and 
cramping 
abdominal pain. 
• 
High blood tests for liver and kidney 
function 
• 
Rash with blistering of the skin and 
sometimes also lesions in the eyes, 
lips and mouth.  There can also be 
breakdown of the skin 
• 
Change 
in 
blood 
tests 
showing 
decreased ability of the blood to form 
a clot. 
• 
Vaginal infection 
• 
The inability to produce enough new 
cells to replenish the amount of red 
blood cells, white blood cells and 
platelets in the body.  
 
 
Possible risks to unborn child and nursing child 
Patients who agree to participate in this study should not become pregnant or breast feed while 
on this study.  This study and the medicines used in this study may be hazardous to an unborn 
child.  Patients and their sexual partners should use abstinence and /or an effective method of 
contraception that is medically appropriate based on your personal doctor’s recommendation at 
that time.  Male subjects must agree to use an acceptable method for contraception during the 
entire study treatment period through 4 months after the last dose of MLN8237. 
 


 
 
 
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If you or your partner becomes pregnant while you are participating in this study, please notify 
your study doctor immediately.  For more information about risks and side effects, ask your study 
doctor.  
 
Possible long term side effects of this treatment 
• 
Recurrence of tumor 
• 
Infection 
• 
Sterility and/or delayed onset of sexual maturity 
• 
Increased risk of a second cancer (such as leukemia) different from the kind of cancer 
you have now. 
 
 
 
Possible risks from having blood drawn 
The risks from having your blood taken are minimal, but can include an infection or a blood clot. 
Experienced doctors or nurses will perform these blood draws to minimize this risk.  These have 
risks that will be discussed with you. You will be asked to sign a separate consent for any 
procedure that needs sedation. 
 
ARE THERE BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY? 
 
There may or may not be direct medical benefit to you. The information learned from this study 
may or may not benefit other children or young people with solid cancers in the future. 
 
WHAT OTHER CHOICES DO I HAVE IF I DO NOT TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
Yes there are other options for treatment. Instead of being in this study, you have these options: 
 
• 
Treatment with chemotherapy medicines 
• 
Treatment with other experimental agents that may be available. 
• 
No therapy at this time, with care to help you feel more comfortable. 
 
Please talk about these options with your doctor. 
 
WILL MY MEDICAL INFORMATION BE KEPT PRIVATE? 
We will do our best to make sure that the personal information in your medical record will be kept 
private. However, we cannot guarantee total privacy. Your personal information may be given out 
if required by law. If information from this study is published or presented at scientific meetings, 
your name and other personal information will not be used. 
 
Organizations that may look at and/or copy your medical records for research, quality assurance 
and data analysis include: 
• 
New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) Consortium at Children’s Hospital 
Los    Angeles in Los Angeles, CA.  The NANT Consortium identifies you by a number. 
• 
Independent auditor evaluating quality assurance for the NANT Consortium. 
• 
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and other governmental agencies, like the Food and 
Drug Administration (FDA), involved in keeping research safe for people. 
• 
Millennium Pharmaceuticals (supplier of MLN8237) 
 
WHAT ARE THE COSTS OF TAKING PART IN THIS STUDY? 
Taking part in this study may lead to added costs to your insurance company.  Your health 
insurance company will be billed for many expenses associated with the costs of this study.  
These expenses include medications, treatments, hospital/clinic charges, and doctors’ fees 
related to your participation in this study.   
 
Irinotecan and temozolomide are commercially available agents.  You will pay for the amount of 
drugs needed to complete this study.  This cost is normally covered by your insurance company. 
 
MLN8237 will be provided by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, the company that makes this drug.  
They will provide the drug at no cost to you.  A continuing supply of the drug cannot be 
guaranteed.  If there is a problem getting MLN8237, your study doctor will talk with you about 


 
 
 
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possible options. If, during the study, MLN8237 becomes approved for use in your cancer, you 
and/or your health plan may have to pay for MLN8237 needed to complete this study. 
 
The pharmacokinetic studies will be done at no cost to you.  The optional tests looking at tumor 
Aurora A and at gene changes involved in breaking down MLN8237 and irinotecan will be done at 
no cost to you if you agree to participate in these optional tests.  However, you or your health plan 
may need to pay for the costs of the supplies and personnel who withdraw the blood from you for 
these tests.  
 
You may have to pay for other things during this study, such as but not limited to, your time, the 
cost of food you buy while you are being treated at the hospital/clinic, car fare, travel to and from 
the hospital/clinic, parking, and baby sitter fees. 
 
You will not be paid for taking part in this study. 
 
For more information on clinical trials and insurance coverage, you can visit the National Cancer 
Institute’s Web site at http://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/understanding/insurance-coverage .   You 
can print a copy of the “Clinical Trials and Insurance Coverage” information from this Web site. 
 
Another way to get the information is to call 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) and ask them to 
send you a free copy. 
 
WHAT HAPPENS IF I AM INJURED BECAUSE I TOOK PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
It is important that you tell your study doctor, __________________ [investigator’s name(s)], if 
you feel that you have been injured because of taking part in this study. You can tell the doctor in 
person or call him/her at __________________ [telephone number]. 
 
You will get medical treatment if you are injured as a result of taking part in this study. You and/or 
your health plan will be charged for this treatment.  The study will not pay for medical treatment.  
 
WHAT ARE MY RIGHTS AS A STUDY PARTICIPANT? 
 
Taking part in this study is your choice. You may choose not to take part or not take part in the 
study. If you decide to take part in this study, you may remove yourself from the study at any 
time. No matter what decision you make, there will be no penalty to you and you will not lose any 
of your regular benefits. If you remove yourself from the study, we will still take care of you. We 
will explain what stopping the treatment may do and we will offer other treatments if they are 
available.  
 
We will tell you about new information or changes in the study that may affect your health or your 
willingness to continue in the study.  
 
In case of injury resulting from this study, you do not lose any of you legal rights to seek payment 
by signing this form. 
 
A Data Safety and Monitoring Board, an independent group of experts, will be reviewing data 
from this research throughout the study.  We will tell you about new information from this Board or 
other studies that may affect your health or willingness to stay in the study. 
 
WHO CAN ANSWER MY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STUDY? 
You can talk to your study doctor about any questions or concerns you have about this study. 
Contact your study doctor __________________ [name(s)] at __________________ [telephone 
number]. 
 
For 
questions 
about 
your 
rights 
while 
taking 
part 
in 
this 
study, 
call 
the 
________________________ [name of center] Institutional Review Board (a group of people who 
review the research to protect your rights) at __________________ (telephone number). 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION? 
 
You may call the NCI’s Cancer Information Service at 
 
1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) or TTY: 1–800–332–8615 
 
You may visit the NCI Web sites at http://cancer.gov/ 
For NCI’s clinical trials information, go tohttp://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ 
For NCI’s general information about cancer, go to http://cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ 
 
You will get a copy of this consent form. If you want more information about this study, ask your 
study doctor. 
 
 
CONSENTS FOR EXTRA STUDIES FOR RESEARCH 
 
 
The following test is required during the phase I portion of this study. You may not 
participate in this portion of the study if you do not agree to these tests. 
 
Determining blood levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan  
 
Initial next to YES if you agree to let researchers take blood to study blood levels of MLN8237 
and irinotecan. These are extra blood draws that may require blood draws (pokes) or intravenous 
(IV) catheter placement. The results of these tests will be confidential and not made available to 
you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO if you do not want researchers to take extra blood samples to study blood levels 
of MLN8237 and irinotecan. You will not be able to participate in this portion of the study. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
The following test is optional. You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
 
Evaluating gene changes involved in breakdown and action of  MLN8237 and irinotecan 
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers take blood to study gene changes involved in 
breakdown and action of the drugs MLN8237 and irinotecan. This is one extra blood sample and 
it can be taken from a central line (such as port or Broviac). The results of these tests will be 
confidential and not made available to you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to take an extra blood sample to study gene 
changes involved in breakdown and action of the drugs MLN8237 and irinotecan. 
 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
The following test is optional.  You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Looking at Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors 
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers request some of your stored neuroblastoma 
tumor tissue to study Aurora A levels in the tumor.  The results of these tests will be confidential 
and not made available to you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to request some of your stored neuroblastoma 
tumor tissue to study Aurora A levels in the tumor. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CONSENT 
 
I have already read the information in this informed consent document. I have read all the 
attachments that were included with this informed consent document. I have asked all of my 
questions and I have gotten answers. I agree to enroll myself (my child) in this study. 
 
 
_____________________________________ 
Patient Name 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Parent or Guardian  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Parent or Guardian  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Patient (If > 7 years old) 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
___________________________________________ 
 
_____/_____/______ 
Signature of Physician or  
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
Responsible Investigator 
 
_______________________________________ 
 
____/_____/______ 
Signature of Witness 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_______________________________________ 
 
____/_____/______ 
Signature of Translator  
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
(If applicable)   
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Consent Addendum 1: Tests that will be done on this study. 
 
 
Observation 
Before 
Entry 
Cycle 1 
Cycles 2-34 
End of Therapy 
Physical Examination 
 
X 
Weekly 
Start of each 
cycle 
 
X 
Blood tests 
X 
Twice 
weekly** 
Weekly 
X 
Urine tests 
X 
 
 
X 
Bone marrow tests 
X 
 
X 
X 
Tumor scans (CT scan, MRI scan, 
and/or MIBG scan) 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood for drug level tests 
 
X 
 
 
Submission of stored tumor tissue* 
 
X 
 
 
Blood to check for gene change 
involved 
in 
breaking 
down 
MLN8237 and irinotecan* 
 
X 
 
 
 
*Optional  
**Some blood tests are required twice weekly and others are weekly during cycle 1.  
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Consent Addendum #2 
 
Certificate of Confidentiality Information 
 
NANT has received a Certificate of Confidentiality from the federal government, which will help us 
protect the privacy of our research subjects.  The Certificate protects against the involuntary release 
of information about subjects collected during the course of our covered studies.  The researchers 
involved in the studies cannot be forced to disclose the identity or any information collected in the 
study in any legal proceedings at the federal, state, or local level, regardless of whether they are 
criminal, administrative, or legislative proceedings.  However, the subject or the researcher may 
choose to voluntarily disclose the protected information under certain circumstances.  For example, 
if the subject or his/her guardian requests the release of information in writing, the Certificate does 
not protect against that voluntary disclosure.  Furthermore, federal agencies may review our records 
under limited circumstances, such as a DHHS request for information for an audit or program 
evaluation or an FDA request under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. The Certificate of 
Confidentiality will not protect against the required reporting by hospital staff of information on 
suspected child abuse, reportable communicable diseases, and/or possible threat of harm to self or 
others. 
 
 


 
 
 
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15.2 
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT:  PHASE II 
 
 
PHASE 
I/II 
STUDY 
OF 
MLN8237 
IN 
COMBINATION 
WITH 
IRINOTECAN 
AND 
TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA 
 
A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) treatment protocol. 
 
 
CONSENT FORM FOR PHASE II PORTION OF STUDY 
 
 
The word “you” used throughout this document refers to you or your child. 
 
 
WHAT IS THIS STUDY ABOUT? 
 
This study is a clinical trial, a type of research study. Clinical trials include only patients who 
choose to take part. Please take your time to make your decision about participating. You may 
discuss your decision with your friends, family, and health care team. If you have any questions, 
you may ask your study doctor. 
 
You are invited to participate in this study because you have been diagnosed with 
neuroblastoma. Your cancer has either grown back (relapsed) or has never gone away 
(persistent tumor) after standard treatment. Standard treatment may have included 
chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell 
transplant. 
 
 
WHY IS THIS STUDY BEING DONE? 
 
The purposes of this study are: 
 
To continue to look at the side effects seen by giving MLN8237 with irinotecan, and 
temozolomide. 
 
To determine if your tumor gets smaller after treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide. 
 
To measure the levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan in the blood during this treatment 
 
To determine if specific gene changes makes you more prone to side effects from and/or 
response to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide. 
 
To determine if the amount of something in your tumor called MYCN or Aurora A makes you 
more likely to have a good response to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide. 
 
To determine if the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide delays disease 
progression in patients with relapsed or progressive neuroblastoma. 
 
 
The research is being done because: 
 
Currently there is no known effective treatment for your type of cancer. 
 
This study will combine an oral drug called MLN8237 with two chemotherapy medicines called 
irinotecan and temozolomide.     
 
 
 


 
 
 
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MLN8237 is an investigational drug that is not approved by the FDA.  MLN8237 blocks the 
function of a protein that is important in the growth of cancer cells. This drug has been tested as a 
single-agent in children with relapsed solid tumors, including patients with neuroblastoma.   In the 
laboratory, MLN8237 appears to make neuroblastoma tumors smaller.  This effect is even greater 
when MLN8237 is combined with the chemotherapy drugs, irinotecan and temozolomide.   
 
Irinotecan and temozolomide are both FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs.  These drugs are 
approved for the treatment of certain adult cancers, but have also been used to treat children with 
cancer.  These drugs have been used in combination in many people with neuroblastoma.  In 
some patients with neuroblastoma, this combination reduces the amount of neuroblastoma.   
 
Giving MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide may increase the effectiveness of 
this combination.  In the first part of this study (the “phase 1” part), the side effects and maximum 
dose of MLN8237 pills given in combination with irinotecan and temozolomide were found.  In this 
“phase 2” part of the study, all patients will start out with the same doses of all three drugs and 
the number of patients who respond to these drugs will be determined.   
 
HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
22 people joined the first “phase 1” part of the study.  Up to 20 people will take part in this “phase 
2” part of the study.  Another 6-18 people will take part in a different ongoing part of the study if 
they cannot swallow MLN8237 pills.   
 
 
 
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ME IF I TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
Medical Tests Before You Begin the Study 
 
You will need to have the following exams, tests or procedures to find out if you can receive the 
treatment part of the study. These exams, tests or procedures are part of regular cancer care and 
may be done even if you do not join the study. These tests will also be done at various times 
throughout the study and at the end of the study. The purpose of these tests is to see how well 
the treatment works and to measure the status of your neuroblastoma. If you have had some of 
them recently, they may not need to be repeated. This will be up to your study doctor. 
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests# 
Blood tests 
Various scans* 
Pregnancy test 
 
Urine tests 
 
 
#Bone marrow tests are done by inserting a needle into the hip bone to remove the marrow which 
is inside the bone. 
* Various scans that are done for diagnosis and checking the response of the tumor to treatment. 
These may include CT and /or MRI scans or Bone scans and MIBG or PET scans. We will 
recommend scans specific for your case and we will answer your questions about these scans 
 
During the Study 
 
If the exams, tests and procedures show that you can be in the study, and you choose to take 
part, then you will need the following tests and procedures during the study. They are part of 
regular cancer care.  
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests 
Blood tests and scans 
Various scans 
Pregnancy test 
 
Urine tests 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Treatment Plan 
 
The treatment will be given in cycles that each last 21 days.  A diagram of one cycle is shown in 
the following figure.   
 
 
Day:    -1       0       1        2       3       4       5       6       7       8         21 
            C ------------------------------------------------------------------> 
                               Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir 
                              T       T       T       T       T 
                              M      M      M      M       M     M     M 
                                                                                              G 
 
Ir = Irinotecan given into the blood stream on days 1-5 
T = Temozolomide given by mouth on days 1-5 
M = MLN8237 given by mouth on days 1-7  
C = antibiotic to prevent diarrhea given my mouth on days -1 to +8 
G = filgrastim or pegfilgrastim given as a shot into the skin starting on day 8    
 
 
                                                                   
 
 
 
You will receive irinotecan into the bloodstream (either through your central line or through a 
small tube placed in a vein in your hand or arm) over 1 hour on days 1-5.  This medicine is 
typically given in the clinic.   
 
You will receive temozolomide by mouth once a day on days 1-5.  The medicine is most 
commonly given as a capsule.  If you have a hard time swallowing capsules, the medicine can 
also taken out of the capsule and swallowed with applesauce or apple juice.  This medicine is 
given 1 hour before the irinotecan is given.  This medicine is given on an empty stomach.   
 
You will receive MLN8237 by mouth once a day on days 1-7.  The medicine can only be given as 
a tablet.  On days 1-5, this medicine is given 1 hour before the irinotecan is given.  This medicine 
is given on an empty stomach.   
 
You will receive an oral antibiotic (cefixime or cefpodoxime) by mouth once a day or twice a day 
on days -1 through day +8.  This antibiotic is given to reduce the chances of getting diarrhea that 
can be seen in patients treated with irinotecan. 
 
You will also receive a drug to boost the white blood cells count (filgrastim or pegfilgrastim).  This 
drug will be started on day 8 of each cycle of treatment.  Filgrastim is a shot given into the skin 
each day until the white blood cell count increases.  Pegfilgrastim is a long-acting version of 
filgrastim that is given as a shot into the skin just once per cycle.  Your study doctor will talk with 
you about which of these drugs you will receive.     
 
When you join the study, you will be assigned a certain MLN8237 dose.  This dose will be given 
to all patients entering this part of the study, as it was determined in the first part of the study 
(phase I portion) to be the highest dose of MLN8237 that can be given along with irinotecan and 
temozolomide without bad side effects.  This part of the study is called the Phase II part of the 
study.    
 
The doses of irinotecan and temozolomide are typical doses used to treat patients with 
neuroblastoma.   
 
You can receive up to 34 cycles of treatment (approximately 2 years) as long as you are not 
having bad side effects and as long as your tumor is not getting worse. Although other 
participating patients may have received a different dose of MLN8237, your assigned dose of 
Disease evaluation after cycles 
2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles  


 
 
 
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MLN8237 will not change during your participation in this study unless you develop certain side 
effects that necessitate lowering your dose of MLN8237. 
 
When you have finished treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide  
After you stop treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan and temozolomide, you will continue to have 
tests and scans done (listed below) to measure how much tumor is left. If test results show you 
have abnormal organ functions, tests will be repeated monthly until test results are stable or 
normal. You doctor will tell you how often these tests and evaluations will be done. 
 
Medical Tests after the Study: 
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests 
Blood tests 
Various scans 
Urine tests  
 
 
A table detailing the tests and procedures required before, during, and after the study has been 
attached to the end of this consent. 
 
Optional Research Studies 
You will be asked if you want to participate in optional research tests. This part of the study is 
optional. The results of these tests would not be told to you or your doctor or become part of 
your medical record. These results would also not be used to make decisions about your care 
while enrolled on this study. You can decide not to let the doctors do these tests and still be able 
to be treated as part of this clinical study. There are checkboxes on the next to last page of this 
consent form to mark whether you are willing to participate in these optional studies. 
 
Determining blood levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan  
 
One of the research goals of this study is to find out the amount of MLN8237 and irinotecan in the 
blood during this treatment.  Participating in this portion of the study is optional for patients in this 
phase II part of the study.   
 
On the first day of the first cycle of treatment, a small amount of blood (5 mL, or about a 
teaspoon) will be drawn.  If you have a central line (such as a port or a Broviac), this sample can 
be drawn through that line.  Otherwise, you will need to have blood drawn through a vein.   
 
On the fourth day of the first cycle of treatment, a total of 36 mL (or a little more than 7 
teaspoons) will be drawn over 24 hours.  This schedule of blood draws is typically done as an 
outpatient.  If you have a central line with only one lumen or tube and that lumen or tube is being 
used to give you the irinotecan, then you will need to have at least 6 of these blood samples 
drawn through a vein.  Your study doctor may recommend placing an IV catheter or tube in one of 
your veins through which the blood can be drawn.  This may reduce the number of pokes needed 
for this part of the study.  If you have a central line with more than one lumen or tube, you may be 
able to have these blood samples drawn through one of the lumens or tubes that is not being 
used to give you the irinotecan.  Your study doctor can tell you whether you will need some pokes 
or an IV catheter placed or whether your type of central line can be used to draw these samples.   
 
This amount of blood is considered safe to donate over this amount of time.  Samples will be sent 
to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, PA and to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, 
MN for testing. 
 
Evaluating gene changes involved in breakdown and action of MLN8237 and irinotecan 
 
Another research goal is to look for genetic changes in normal blood cells of patients to see if 
these are related to how the liver handles MLN8237 and irinotecan, or whether you will have bad 
side effects after taking these drugs. We may also look to see if other genetic changes impact 
how likely a person is to respond to this drug combination. These tests are done on one sample 
of blood (one-two teaspoons, 5-10 mL) taken from your central line (or port) at the start of the first 
cycle of therapy.  This amount of blood is considered safe to donate.  The blood will be sent to 
the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN for testing.    
 


 
 
 
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Looking at Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors 
 
MLN8237 blocks the action of a protein called Aurora A.  Another research goal is to look at the 
amount of Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors to find out if the amount of Aurora A impacts 
whether tumors respond to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide.  These 
tests are done on stored neuroblastoma tissue from your previous tumor biopsies or surgeries.  If 
you agree to participate in this optional part of the study, we will request that your hospital send 
us some of your stored neuroblastoma tissue.  You will not need to have an extra biopsy or 
surgery to participate in this part of the study.  The tissue will be sent to the University of 
California in San Francisco, CA.   
 
HOW LONG WILL I BE ON THIS STUDY?  
 
You can receive up to 34 cycles of treatment (approximately 2 years) as long as you are not 
having bad side effects and as long as your tumor is not getting worse.   
 
After you stop treatment, you will continue to have tests and scans done to measure how much 
tumor is left. Your doctor will tell you how often these tests will be done. Researchers will continue 
to collect information about you for a lifetime. Researchers will be in contact with your primary care 
doctor to see how you are doing; whether your tumor has grown back and at what sites in the body; 
whether you have developed any side effects from the treatment; or whether you have developed 
any additional cancer. Your oncologist or family doctor will give the researchers this information at 
regular intervals. 
 
CAN I STOP BEING IN THE STUDY? 
 
Yes. If you are thinking about stopping the study, you should talk to your doctor before making a 
final decision so he/she can tell you how to do this safely.  
 
The study doctor may stop you from taking part in this study at any time if he/she believes it is in 
your best interest; if you do not follow study rules; or if the study is stopped. 
 
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THE STUDY? 
 
You may have side effects while on the study. Everyone taking part in the study will be watched 
carefully for any side effects. However, doctors don’t know all the side effects that may happen. 
Side effects may be mild and some patients may have very serious side effects and could die as 
a result of these side effects.  
 
In the first part of this study, researchers looked at side effects seen in patients taking different 
doses of MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide. The dose of MLN you will receive 
was based on the experience of the first portion of the study that has already been shown to be 
tolerated without bad side effects in several children with neuroblastoma.  Your dose will not 
change with later courses of treatment, unless it needs to be decreased due to side effects.  
 
Other drugs may be given to make side effects less serious and more comfortable (such as for 
nausea, headache or itching). Many side effects go away soon after you stop taking MLN8237, 
irinotecan, and temozolomide, but it is always possible that side effects can be serious, long 
lasting or may never go away. There is also a risk of death. Patients are watched carefully and 
treatment will be stopped if bad side effects develop. Although this combination has been given to 
children in the first part of this study, there may be risks we do not know about. You should talk to 
your doctor about any side effects that you have while taking part in this study. While on the 
study, you are at risk for the side effects listed on the following pages. 
 
Possible side effects of MLN8237 
There is limited experience using MLN8237 in humans. The risks and side effects listed here and 
their frequencies are anticipated or predicted based on tests in animals and some experience in 
people. It is expected that MLN8237 toxicities will be reversible, however it is possible that 
MLN8237 will have their toxicities that have not been observed in or predicted from its evaluation 
in animal studies and the few studies in adults that have been conducted to date. 
 


 
 
 
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The frequency provided in the following table is approximate: 
 
Risks and side effects related to MLN8237 include those which are: 
 
Likely 
(Anticipated in 21-100 
children out of every 100) 
Less Likely  
(Anticipated in 5 -20 children 
out of every 100) 
Rare but Serious 
(Anticipated in <5 children out of 
every 100) 
 
• Fewer red blood cells in 
the blood* 
• Diarrhea 
• Inflammation and/or 
sores in the mouth that 
may make swallowing 
difficult and are painful 
(painful mouth sores) 
• Nausea 
• Vomiting  
• A feeling of extreme 
tiredness not relieved by 
sleep 
• Low numbers of white 
blood cells* called 
lymphocytes and 
neutrophils/granulocytes 
that may make it easier 
to get infections which 
may be life threatening 
• Fewer platelets in the 
blood* 
• Loss of appetite 
• Hair loss 
 
 
 
• Fever with a low white blood 
cell count which could 
indicate infection and may 
require hospitalization and 
treatment with antibiotics* 
• Pain in the abdomen (belly), 
heartburn  
• Constipation 
• Mouth pain 
• Swelling caused by fluid 
build-up in the tissues of the 
arms and legs 
• Fever 
• Infections including those 
caused by bacteria, virus, 
and fungus, which may 
cause you to become very ill.  
• Increase in the blood level of 
certain enzymes or bilirubin 
(a waste product that passes 
through the liver) which 
could indicate liver irritation 
or damage 
• Increased levels of a 
chemical (creatinine) in the 
blood which could mean 
kidney damage 
• Excessive loss of water from 
the body 
• Back pain 
• Dizziness 
• Headache 
• Cough 
• Shortness of breath 
• Low blood pressure 
• Weakness 
• Rash 
• Trouble walking 
• Changes in mood or 
confusion 
• Sleepiness, overtiredness. 
 
• 
Severe rash with redness 
and pain of the skin on the 
palms of the hands and 
soles of the feet. 
• 
Blistering of the skin. 
 
 
* If you have a decrease in the white blood cell count, the cells that fight infection, you may be 
more likely to get an infection, including a serious infection that spreads through the bloodstream 
(sepsis). If this happens, you will have to come to the hospital to be treated with antibiotics. If your 
white blood cell count is very low and you get a fever, you may have to come to the hospital to 
get treated with antibiotics. 
 
If you have a drop in the red blood cell count, the cells that carry oxygen around the body you 
may feel tired. If your red blood cell count drops very low you may need a blood transfusion. 
If you have a low platelet count, particles in the blood that help with clotting, you may have easy 
bruising or bleeding. If the count is very low and there is bleeding, you might need platelet 
transfusions to help stop the bleeding. 


 
 
 
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Transfusions may be accompanied or followed by fever and/or reactions that can cause kidney 
failure, heart failure, anemia, hepatitis, A.I.D.S. (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and other 
infections. 
 
MLN8237 has a chemical structure that is similar to a group of drugs called benzodiazepines. 
These drugs may cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, there is a theoretical 
risk that MLN8237 could cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms, as well. It is possible that 
while taking this drug, you will feel changes in your mood such as a sense of euphoria (joy) or a 
feeling of unhappiness that could lead to depression and thoughts of hurting yourself. When 
stopping the drug, withdrawal symptoms could include: anxiety, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, 
tremors, rapid heart-beat, nausea and vomiting.  
 
Since there is a possibility that this drug may cause sedation (or sleepiness), you should 
not drink alcoholic beverages, since alcohol can also cause sleepiness. If you feel sleepy 
while you are on this study, you should avoid driving or doing anything that may need 
your full alertness, such as operating dangerous tools or machinery. This drug may also 
cause sleepiness if you are currently taking an opiate such as morphine, dilaudid, or 
fentanyl. 
 
We will tell you if we learn any new information that may affect your health, welfare, or decision to 
stay in this study. 
 
For more information about risks and side effects, ask your study doctor. 
 
Possible side effects of Temozolomide 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 - 20 
children out of 100) 
Rare but serious 
(happens to < 5 children out of 100) 
 
•Fewer red and white 
blood cells and platelets 
in the blood.  
•Nausea 
• Vomiting 
• Constipation 
• Loss of appetite 
• Diarrhea 
• Headache 
• Tiredness 
• Rash 
• Itching 
• Increased need to 
urinate 
• Urinary Tract 
Infections 
• Mouth sores 
• Fluid buildup in legs 
and 
arms 
• Hair loss 
• Elevation in the 
blood of 
certain enzymes found 
in 
the liver 
• Pain in the abdomen 
• Convulsions 
Difficulty swallowing 
• Dizziness 
• Anxiety or depression 
• Difficulty sleeping 
• Severe allergic reaction which can be life  
threatening with shortness of breath, low 
blood  
pressure, rapid heart rate, chills and fever 
• Low numbers of white 
blood cells called lymphocytes that may last 
a long time and make it easier to get 
infections which may be life-threatening 
• Partial paralysis or weakness of one side 
of the body 
Loss of memory 
• Blood clots which may be life-threatening 
• Visual disturbances that may cause double 
vision 
• Forgetfulness or confusion 
• Aches and pains in muscles 
• A new cancer or leukemia resulting from 
this treatment 
• Lack of muscle coordination which may 
affect speech, eye movement, swallowing, 
walking, picking up things.  
• 
Liver damage which may 
 cause yellowing of eyes and skin, swelling 
and may result in liver failure. 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Irinotecan 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 - 20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare but serious 
(happens to < 5 children out of 
100) 
 
•Diarrhea that can occur 
during the infusion of 
irinotecan or immediately 
after and may be associated 
with abdominal cramping, a 
runny nose, tearing, salivation, 
sweating, flushing (feeling of 
warmth and red cheeks), and 
difficulty adjusting your eyes to 
light. 
• Inflammation and/or sores in 
the mouth 
Loss of body water 
• Nausea and Vomiting 
Stomach pain 
• Loss of appetite 
•  
• Fever 
• A feeling of weakness 
and tiredness 
• Temporary hair loss 
• Elevation of liver and bone 
enzymes  in the blood and of 
bilirubin (yellow pigment 
formed in the liver) 
• An increase in the blood 
of a type of white blood cell 
called an eosinophil. These 
are sometimes associated with 
allergic reactions. 
• Decrease in the number of 
red and white blood cells and 
platelets made in the bone 
marrow.   
 
• Fewer red blood cells and  
platelets in the blood 
blood. 
• Diarrhea that may occur later 
from 1 day to 2 weeks after 
irinotecan which 
could cause excessive loss of 
water and salts from the body 
• Constipation 
• Pain at the injection site 
• Rash 
• Inflammation and/or sores in 
the mouth, throat and/or 
Esophagus 
• Headache 
• An upset stomach 
• Blood clots which may be in 
rare cases life threatening  
• Increase in liver and kidney 
enzymes  
 
• Severe allergic reaction 
which can be life threatening 
with shortness 
of breath, low blood 
pressure and a rapid heart 
rate 
• Severe loss of water from 
the body (dehydration) 
which if untreated may 
cause low blood pressure 
and severe loss of salts such 
and sodium and 
potassium from the body 
and could lead to the 
kidneys failing which could 
be life-threatening 
• Inflammation of the lungs 
with cough and congestion• 
Inflammation of the part of 
the intestine known as the 
colon which can lead to 
infection, blood in the stools 
and abdominal pain 
• Headache 
• Pain at infusion site  
• Disorientation/confusion 
• Dizziness and low blood 
pressure  
• A blockage of the bowel that 
prevents passage through the 
bowel 
• Slow heart beat  
• Skin inflammation  
• Trembling  
• Blood in the urine  
• Mildly increased level of 
protein and glucose in the 
urine  
• Low amount of protein in 
the blood  
• 
Mouth sores 
• 
Sensation of warmth 
on face. 
• 
Risk to the unborn 
child in pregnant 
patients.** 
. 
 
* This toxicity is seen more commonly when irinotecan is given in combination with fluorouracil 
and leucovorin. It may rarely be a life threatening event. 
** Birth defects and other serious abnormalities in the unborn baby have been noted with 
irinotecan in animal studies at doses similar to or less than those used in humans. The timing and 
frequency of these effects is as yet unknown. These may include multiple birth defects and 


 
 
 
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abnormalities of bone formation, small size of baby at birth and increased risk of death of the 
unborn baby. Irinotecan is excreted in rat milk but this is unknown for humans. 
 
 
Possible side effects of G-CSF (such as Neupogen, filgrastim Or  Neulasta, Pegfilgrastim) 
 
G-CSF is not an anti-cancer medicine.  It helps the growth of white blood cells that fight infection. 
 
Neupogen (Filgrastim) Toxicity: 
 
Likely  
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children 
out every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out every 
100 children) 
 
• 
Aching or pain in 
bones. 
 
• 
Local irritation/pain at 
the site of the 
injection. 
• 
Higher than normal 
levels in the blood of 
uric acid and of liver 
enzymes which may 
indicate liver irritation 
or damage. 
• 
Fever 
• 
Lower than normal 
platelet count.  
 
• 
Allergic reactions which can 
be life threatening with 
shortness of breath,  low 
blood pressure, rapid heart 
rate, hives, facial swelling. 
This reaction is very rare and 
has been associated mainly 
with intravenous 
administration. 
• 
If you are known to have 
sickle cell disease , this drug 
may cause sickle cell crises  
• 
Severe damage to the spleen 
(an organ in the abdomen 
which stores blood cells) 
which could lead to pain and  
loss of blood into the 
abdomen.  Or rupture of the 
spleen. 
• 
Difficulty breathing and lung 
damage that may be due to 
the white blood cells, 
stimulated by Pegfilgrastim , 
travelling to the lungs when 
they are inflamed or infected 
(Adult Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome 
• 
 Bone marrow dysfunction 
(MDS) or secondary leukemia 
in patients with very bad 
ongoing low white cell counts 
that require prolonged 
administration of this drug. 
• 
Worsening of skin rashes 
• 
Low fever 
• 
Inflammation of blood vessels 
leading to a raised purple rash 
and bruising 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Neulasta (Pegfilgrastim) Toxicity: 
 
Likely  
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children out 
every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out 
every 100 children) 
 
 Aching or pain in bones. 
 
• 
Local irritation at the site of 
the injection. 
• 
Headache 
• 
Higher than normal levels in 
the blood of uric acid and of 
liver enzymes which may 
indicate liver irritation or 
damage. 
• 
A low number of platelets in 
the blood. 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
Low grade fever 
• 
Allergic reactions which 
can be life threatening with 
shortness of breath , low 
blood pressure, rapid heart 
rate, hives, facial swelling. 
This reaction is very rare 
and has been associated 
mainly with intravenous 
administration. 
• 
Redness and flushing of 
the face and body. 
• 
If you are known to have 
sickle  cell disease ,  this 
drug may cause sickle cell 
crises  
• 
Severe damage to the 
spleen (an organ in the 
abdomen which stores 
blood cells) which could 
lead to pain and loss of 
blood into the abdomen. 
• 
Markedly higher than 
normal white blood cell 
count which may be 
associated with fever and 
red, often painful patches 
on the skin (Sweet's 
syndrome). 
• 
Difficulty breathing and 
lung damage that may be 
due to the white blood 
cells, stimulated by 
Pegfilgrastim , travelling to 
the lungs when they are 
inflamed or infected (Adult 
Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome) 
 
 
Unknown frequency and timing:  It is unknown whether pegfilgrastim produces birth defects or 
other serious abnormalities in the unborn child in humans as there is conflicting data from animal 
studies. It is also unknown whether this drug is excreted in breast milk. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Cefixime: 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens 
to 
5-20 
children out of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 100) 
 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Belly pain  
• 
Nausea 
• 
vomiting 
• 
Indigestion 
 
 
• 
Headache  
• 
Dizziness 
• 
Seizures  
• 
Allergic 
reactions 
which 
can 
be 
life 
threatening with shortness of breath , low 
blood pressure, rapid heart rate 
• 
Low number of white blood cells in the 
blood 
• 
Increase in the blood of a type of white 
blood cells called eosinophils , which are 
sometimes 
associated 
with 
allergic 
reactions 
• 
Decrease in platelets which may make you 
bruise or bleed easily. 
• 
Inflammation of the large intestine which 
can cause watery diarrhea with blood in 
stools and cramping abdominal pain,.    
• 
High blood tests of kidney and liver function 
• 
Hepatitis, yellowing of skin and whites of 
eyes 
• 
Rash with blistering of the skin and 
sometimes also lesions in the eyes, lips and 
mouth.  There can also be breakdown of the 
skin 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Cefpodoxime (Vantin-R) 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 100) 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Diaper rash 
 
 
• 
Belly pain  
• 
Nausea and vomiting, 
• 
Headache  
• 
Seizures  
• 
Allergic reactions which can be life 
threatening with shortness of breath , 
low blood pressure, rapid heart rate 
• 
Chest pain 
• 
Decrease 
in 
white 
blood 
cells, 
platelets and red blood cells: 
• 
Increase in the blood of a type of 
white blood cells called eosinophils , 
which are sometimes associated with 
allergic reactions 
• 
Inflammation of the large intestine 
which can cause watery diarrhea with 
blood 
in 
stools 
and 
cramping 
abdominal pain,.    
• 
High blood tests for liver and kidney 
function 
• 
Rash with blistering of the skin and 
sometimes also lesions in the eyes, 
lips and mouth.  There can also be 
breakdown of the skin 
• 
Change 
in 
blood 
tests 
showing 
decreased ability of the blood to form 
a clot. 
• 
Vaginal infection 
• 
The inability to produce enough new 
cells to replenish the amount of red 
blood cells, white blood cells and 
platelets in the body. 
 
 
Possible risks to unborn child and nursing child 
Patients who agree to participate in this study should not become pregnant or breast feed while 
on this study.  This study and the medicines used in this study may be hazardous to an unborn 
child.  Patients and their sexual partners should use abstinence and /or an effective method of 
contraception that is medically appropriate based on your personal doctor’s recommendation at 
that time.  Male subjects must agree to use an acceptable method for contraception during the 
entire study treatment period through 4 months after the last dose of MLN8237. 


 
 
 
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If you or your partner becomes pregnant while you are participating in this study, please notify 
your study doctor immediately.  For more information about risks and side effects, ask your study 
doctor.  
 
Possible long term side effects of this treatment 
• 
Recurrence of tumor 
• 
Infection 
• 
Sterility and/or delayed onset of sexual maturity 
• 
Increased risk of a second cancer (such as leukemia) different from the kind of cancer 
you have now. 
 
Possible risks from having blood drawn 
The risks from having your blood taken are minimal, but can include an infection or a blood clot. 
Experienced doctors or nurses will perform these blood draws to minimize this risk.  These have 
risks that will be discussed with you. You will be asked to sign a separate consent for any 
procedure that needs sedation. 
 
ARE THERE BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY? 
There may or may not be direct medical benefit to you. The information learned from this study 
may or may not benefit other children or young people with solid cancers in the future. 
 
WHAT OTHER CHOICES DO I HAVE IF I DO NOT TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
Yes there are other options for treatment. Instead of being in this study, you have these options: 
 
• 
Treatment with chemotherapy medicines 
• 
Treatment with other experimental agents that may be available. 
• 
No therapy at this time, with care to help you feel more comfortable. 
 
Please talk about these options with your doctor. 
 
WILL MY MEDICAL INFORMATION BE KEPT PRIVATE? 
We will do our best to make sure that the personal information in your medical record will be kept 
private. However, we cannot guarantee total privacy. Your personal information may be given out 
if required by law. If information from this study is published or presented at scientific meetings, 
your name and other personal information will not be used. 
 
Organizations that may look at and/or copy your medical records for research, quality assurance 
and data analysis include: 
• 
New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) Consortium at Children’s Hospital 
Los    Angeles in Los Angeles, CA.  The NANT Consortium identifies you by a number. 
• 
Independent auditor evaluating quality assurance for the NANT Consortium. 
• 
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and other governmental agencies, like the Food and 
Drug Administration (FDA), involved in keeping research safe for people. 
• 
Millennium Pharmaceuticals (supplier of MLN8237) 
 
WHAT ARE THE COSTS OF TAKING PART IN THIS STUDY? 
Taking part in this study may lead to added costs to your insurance company.  Your health 
insurance company will be billed for many expenses associated with the costs of this study.  
These expenses include medications, treatments, hospital/clinic charges, and doctors’ fees 
related to your participation in this study.   
 
Irinotecan and temozolomide are commercially available agents.  You will pay for the amount of 
drugs needed to complete this study.  This cost is normally covered by your insurance company. 
 
MLN8237 will be provided by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, the company that makes this drug.  
They will provide the drug at no cost to you.  A continuing supply of the drug cannot be 
guaranteed.  If there is a problem getting MLN8237, your study doctor will talk with you about 
possible options. If, during the study, MLN8237 becomes approved for use in your cancer, you 
and/or your health plan may have to pay for MLN8237 needed to complete this study. 
 


 
 
 
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The pharmacokinetic studies will be done at no cost to you.  The optional tests looking at tumor 
Aurora A and at gene changes involved in breaking down MLN8237 and irinotecan will be done at 
no cost to you if you agree to participate in these optional tests.  However, you or your health plan 
may need to pay for the costs of the supplies and personnel who withdraw the blood from you for 
these tests.  
 
You may have to pay for other things during this study, such as but not limited to, your time, the 
cost of food you buy while you are being treated at the hospital/clinic, car fare, travel to and from 
the hospital/clinic, parking, and baby sitter fees. 
 
You will not be paid for taking part in this study. 
 
For more information on clinical trials and insurance coverage, you can visit the National Cancer 
Institute’s Web site at http://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/understanding/insurance-coverage .   You 
can print a copy of the “Clinical Trials and Insurance Coverage” information from this Web site. 
 
Another way to get the information is to call 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) and ask them to 
send you a free copy. 
 
WHAT HAPPENS IF I AM INJURED BECAUSE I TOOK PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
It is important that you tell your study doctor, __________________ [investigator’s name(s)], if 
you feel that you have been injured because of taking part in this study. You can tell the doctor in 
person or call him/her at __________________ [telephone number]. 
 
You will get medical treatment if you are injured as a result of taking part in this study. You and/or 
your health plan will be charged for this treatment.  The study will not pay for medical treatment.  
 
WHAT ARE MY RIGHTS AS A STUDY PARTICIPANT? 
 
Taking part in this study is your choice. You may choose not to take part or not take part in the 
study. If you decide to take part in this study, you may remove yourself from the study at any 
time. No matter what decision you make, there will be no penalty to you and you will not lose any 
of your regular benefits. If you remove yourself from the study, we will still take care of you. We 
will explain what stopping the treatment may do and we will offer other treatments if they are 
available.  
 
We will tell you about new information or changes in the study that may affect your health or your 
willingness to continue in the study.  
 
In case of injury resulting from this study, you do not lose any of you legal rights to seek payment 
by signing this form. 
 
A Data Safety and Monitoring Board, an independent group of experts, will be reviewing data 
from this research throughout the study.  We will tell you about new information from this Board or 
other studies that may affect your health or willingness to stay in the study. 
 
WHO CAN ANSWER MY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STUDY? 
You can talk to your study doctor about any questions or concerns you have about this study. 
Contact your study doctor __________________ [name(s)] at __________________ [telephone 
number]. 
 
For 
questions 
about 
your 
rights 
while 
taking 
part 
in 
this 
study, 
call 
the 
________________________ [name of center] Institutional Review Board (a group of people who 
review the research to protect your rights) at __________________ (telephone number).  
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION? 
 
You may call the NCI’s Cancer Information Service at 
 
1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) or TTY: 1–800–332–8615 
 
You may visit the NCI Web sites at http://cancer.gov/ 
For NCI’s clinical trials information, go tohttp://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ 
For NCI’s general information about cancer, go to http://cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ 
 
You will get a copy of this consent form. If you want more information about this study, ask your 
study doctor. 
 
 
 
CONSENTS FOR EXTRA STUDIES FOR RESEARCH 
 
 
The following test is optional. You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
Determining blood levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan  
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers take blood to study blood levels of MLN8237 
and irinotecan. These are extra blood draws that may require blood draws (pokes) or intravenous 
(IV) catheter placement. The results of these tests will be confidential and not made available to 
you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to take extra blood samples to study blood levels 
of MLN8237 and irinotecan. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
The following test is optional. You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
Evaluating gene changes involved in breakdown and action of  MLN8237 and irinotecan 
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers take blood to study gene changes involved in 
breakdown and action of the drugs MLN8237 and irinotecan. This is one extra blood sample and 
it can be taken from a central line (such as port or Broviac). The results of these tests will be 
confidential and not made available to you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to take an extra blood sample to study gene 
changes involved in breakdown and action of the drugs MLN8237 and irinotecan. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
The following test is optional. You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Looking at Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors 
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers request some of your stored neuroblastoma 
tumor tissue to study Aurora A levels in the tumor.  The results of these tests will be confidential 
and not made available to you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to request some of your stored neuroblastoma 
tumor tissue to study Aurora A levels in the tumor. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CONSENT 
 
I have already read the information in this informed consent document. I have read all the 
attachments that were included with this informed consent document. I have asked all of my 
questions and I have gotten answers. I agree to enroll myself (my child) in this study. 
 
 
_____________________________________ 
Patient Name 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Parent or Guardian  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Parent or Guardian  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Patient (If > 7 years old) 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
___________________________________________ 
 
_____/_____/______ 
Signature of Physician or  
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
Responsible Investigator 
 
_______________________________________ 
 
____/_____/______ 
Signature of Witness 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_______________________________________ 
 
____/_____/______ 
Signature of Translator  
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
(If applicable)   
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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Consent Addendum 1: Tests that will be done on this study. 
 
 
Observation 
Before 
Entry 
Cycle 1 
Cycles 2-34 
End of Therapy 
Physical Examination  
 
X 
Weekly 
Start of each 
cycle 
 
X 
Blood tests 
X 
Twice weekly** 
Weekly 
X 
Urine tests 
X 
 
 
X 
Bone marrow tests 
X 
 
X 
X 
Tumor scans (CT scan, MRI scan, 
and/or MIBG scan) 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood for drug level tests* 
 
X 
 
 
Submission of stored tumor tissue* 
 
X 
 
 
Blood to check for gene change 
involved 
in 
breaking 
down 
MLN8237 and irinotecan* 
 
X 
 
 
 
*Optional  
**Some blood tests are required twice weekly and others are weekly during cycle 1.  
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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Consent Addendum #2 
 
Certificate of Confidentiality Information 
 
NANT has received a Certificate of Confidentiality from the federal government, which will help us 
protect the privacy of our research subjects.  The Certificate protects against the involuntary release 
of information about subjects collected during the course of our covered studies.  The researchers 
involved in the studies cannot be forced to disclose the identity or any information collected in the 
study in any legal proceedings at the federal, state, or local level, regardless of whether they are 
criminal, administrative, or legislative proceedings.  However, the subject or the researcher may 
choose to voluntarily disclose the protected information under certain circumstances.  For example, 
if the subject or his/her guardian requests the release of information in writing, the Certificate does 
not protect against that voluntary disclosure.  Furthermore, federal agencies may review our records 
under limited circumstances, such as a DHHS request for information for an audit or program 
evaluation or an FDA request under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. The Certificate of 
Confidentiality will not protect against the required reporting by hospital staff of information on 
suspected child abuse, reportable communicable diseases, and/or possible threat of harm to self or 
others. 


 
 
 
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15.3  
SAMPLE ASSENT FORM-Phase II 
 
PHASE 
I/II 
STUDY 
OF 
MLN8237 
IN 
COMBINATION 
WITH 
IRINOTECAN 
AND 
TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA 
 
A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) treatment protocol  
 
INVESTIGATOR 
[Insert Name of Investigator] 
[Insert Name of Institution] 
 
[Insert Address (include City, State and Zip Code)]  
[Insert Telephone/Fax Numbers] 
[Insert Email] 
 
 
 
 
1. My name is ____________________________. 
 
2.  You have a kind of cancer called Neuroblastoma that has either grown back or has never 
gone away after treatment. We are asking you to take part in a research study because 
doctors want to learn more about treating neuroblastoma using three medicines called 
MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide to see what effects (both good and bad) these 
medicines have on patients and their cancer.  MLN8237 is a medicine that is given by mouth 
as a pill (tablet).  Irinotecan is a medicine that is given into the bloodstream (either through 
your central line or through a small tube placed in a vein in your hand or arm).  
Temozolomide is a medicine that is given by mouth, usually as a pill (capsule) though it can 
be given a different way if you cannot swallow capsules.  The doctors think that giving these 
three drugs together may help get rid of neuroblastoma cancer cells.   
 
3.  If you agree to be in this study this is what will happen: 
 
 
The medicines will be given in cycles that each lasts 21 days.  You will only get the 
medicine during the first 7 days of each cycle.  You will continue to receive cycles of this 
treatment for up to 2 years unless you have bad side effects or your tumor gets worse.   
 
 
 
MLN8237: 
 
You will take MLN8237 pills by mouth once a day for the first 7 days every 21-day cycle.   
Irinotecan: 
You will take Irinotecan by I.V. once a day for the first 5 days every 21 day cycle. 
Temozolomide: 
You will take Temozolomide by mouth once a day for the first 5 days every 21-day cycle.  
 
Other medicines (not chemotherapy): 
You will need to take other medicines to help you with side effects of the three  
chemotherapy medicines above.  These medicines will include Neupogen (given once a  
day as an injection) or Neulasta (give each cycle as an injection) to help your normal 
blood cells get better after chemotherapy.  To help with diarrhea, you will also take either 
Cefixime (once per day) or Cefpodoxime (twice each day) by mouth for ten days during 
each cycle of chemotherapy. 
 
Coming to See the Doctors: 
During and after you have finished the treatment, you will have appointments with the 
doctors who are taking care of you. This is called “Follow-Up”.  This is to see how well the 
treatment has worked so far. The doctors will want to do some special tests to find this 
information out. They will include; 
• 
Blood tests (we will do this twice each week to start with, and then less often) 
• 
MRI, CT, Bone and MIBG Scans (special pictures of your tumor) 
• 
Bone marrow test (to look for tumor in your bone marrow) 
• 
Feel your belly, look into your eyes and ears, and listen to your heart and lungs. 


 
 
 
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• 
Ask you and your parents a lot of questions about how you are feeling, how you are 
doing in school, and any problems you might be having. 
• 
You may have to come to the clinic to have blood and platelet transfusions when the 
blood counts are low or stay in the hospital if you have a fever with low blood counts. 
• 
You will come to visit your doctor every week or so to start with, then less often if 
everything is going well.  
 
When you are in a research study, sometimes good things and bad things can happen 
 
4. Sometimes things happen to kids in research studies that may make them feel bad. These are 
called “risks’.  Some of the risks of this study are: 
• 
You may feel sick to your stomach and you may throw up.   
• 
You may feel tired. 
• 
You may have a bad appetite. 
• 
You might have a fever and maybe an infection where you will need to be in the 
hospital to get medicines to treat the infection.  You may feel tired and weak and need a 
blood transfusion or you may get bruises or have bleeding (most often a nosebleed) and 
need a platelet transfusion. 
• 
You may get sores in your mouth that make it difficult to eat and drink.  If this 
happens, you may need some pain medicines and you may need to stay in the hospital. 
• 
You may get diarrhea. 
• 
The treatments may not work, and your tumor may grow, or it might come back again 
after the treatment has finished. If this happens we will try other ways to stop the tumor 
from growing. 
• 
You could get a different kind of cancer, this doesn’t happen often, but can happen 
years later. 
• 
It is possible that you could die from the treatment or cancer. 
 
Not all of these things may happen to you. None of these things may happen. Or things may 
happen that the doctors don’t know about yet. 
 
We will do everything possible to keep your information private.  
 
• 
Things that happen to children in research studies that are good are called “benefits.” 
Some of the good things for this research study could be: this treatment might make your 
neuroblastoma tumor stay the same size or get smaller for some time. We hope to learn 
more about this new treatment which could help other children with neuroblastoma. 
 
• 
Please talk this over with your parents before you decide whether or not to be in this 
study. We will also ask your parents to give their permission for you to take part in this 
study.  But even if your parents say “yes” you can still decide not to do this.   
 
• 
Being in this study is up to you.   You do not have to be in this study if you don’t want to. 
You may stop being in this study at any time. 
 
• 
You can ask any questions that you have about the study. If you have a question later 
that you didn’t think of now, you can call me or ask me next time.  Study doctor’s phone 
number: __________________. 
 
 
• 
Special study blood tests :  
There are extra special tests in this study.  These are done solely for research purposes only.  
Neither you nor your doctor will know the results. 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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#1 Nineblood samples (about 8 teaspoons total) on day 1 and day 4 during the first cycle of 
your treatment. 
 
• 
_________ Yes, it is okay to take an extra blood samples 
 
• 
_________ No, it is not okay to take an extra blood samples 
 
 
 
#2 One blood sample (1-2 teaspoons) is needed on day 1 of the first cycle of your treatment. 
 
• 
_________ Yes, it is okay to take an extra blood sample  
 
• 
_________ No, it is not okay to take an extra blood sample  
 
#3 Your stored neuroblastoma tissue sample will be used for research purposes in this study. 
 
• 
_________ Yes, it is okay to use my stored neuroblastoma tissue sample  
 
• 
_________ No, it is not okay to use my stored neuroblastoma tissue sample 
 
• 
Signing your name at the bottom means that you agree to be in this study.   You and your 
parents will be given a copy of this form after you have signed it. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name of Subject: _________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
________________________________________ 
______________________ 
Signature of Subject:  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_____________________________________  
______________________ 
Signature of Investigator 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_____________________________________  
______________________ 
Signature of Person Conducting Discussion  
 
Date 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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15.4 
SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT:  ORAL SOLUTION COHORT 
 
 
PHASE 
I/II 
STUDY 
OF 
MLN8237 
IN 
COMBINATION 
WITH 
IRINOTECAN 
AND 
TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA 
 
 
A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) treatment protocol. 
 
 
CONSENT FORM FOR ORAL SOLUTION COHORT 
 
 
 
The word “you” used throughout this document refers to you or your child. 
 
 
WHAT IS THIS STUDY ABOUT? 
 
This study is a clinical trial, a type of research study. Clinical trials include only patients who 
choose to take part. Please take your time to make your decision about participating. You may 
discuss your decision with your friends, family, and health care team. If you have any questions, 
you may ask your study doctor. 
 
You are invited to participate in this study because you have been diagnosed with 
neuroblastoma. Your cancer has either grown back (relapsed) or has never gone away 
(persistent tumor) after standard treatment. Standard treatment may have included 
chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell 
transplant. 
 
 
WHY IS THIS STUDY BEING DONE? 
 
The purposes of this study are: 
 
To find the highest doses of MLN8237, that can be given with irinotecan, and temozolomide 
without causing severe side effects. 
 
To find out the side effects seen by giving MLN8237 at different dose levels with irinotecan, and 
temozolomide. 
 
To measure the levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan in the blood at different dose levels, based 
upon either a pill form or a liquid form of MLN8237 
 
To determine if your tumor gets smaller after treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide 
 
To determine if specific gene changes makes you more prone to side effects from and/or 
response to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide 
 
To determine if the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide delays disease 
progression in patients with relapsed or progressive neuroblastoma 
 
To determine if the amount of something in your tumor called MYCN or Aurora A makes you 
more likely to have a good response to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and 
temozolomide 
 
The research is being done because: 
 
Currently there is no known effective treatment for your type of cancer. 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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This study will combine an oral drug called MLN8237 with two chemotherapy medicines called 
irinotecan and temozolomide.     
 
MLN8237 is an investigational drug that is not approved by the FDA.  MLN8237 blocks the 
function of a protein that is important in the growth of cancer cells. This drug has been tested as a 
single-agent in children with relapsed solid tumors, including patients with neuroblastoma.   In the 
laboratory, MLN8237 appears to make neuroblastoma tumors smaller.  This effect is even greater 
when MLN8237 is combined with the chemotherapy drugs, irinotecan and temozolomide.   
 
Irinotecan and temozolomide are both FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs.  These drugs are 
approved for the treatment of certain adult cancers, but have also been used to treat children with 
cancer.  These drugs have been used in combination in many people with neuroblastoma.  In 
some patients with neuroblastoma, this combination reduces the amount of neuroblastoma.   
 
Giving MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide may increase the effectiveness of 
this combination.  In an earlier part of the study, we found out the highest dose of MLN8237 pills 
that can be given safely together with irinotecan and temozolomide.  In this part of the study, we 
will look at side effects and blood levels of these drugs when children take MLN8237 in a new 
liquid form.     
 
 
HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
22 people joined the first “phase 1” part of the study.  Up to 20 people will join the “phase 2” part 
of the study using MLN8237 pills.  Between 6 and 18 people will be in this part of the study 
looking at the liquid form of MLN8237.    
 
 
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ME IF I TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
Medical Tests Before You Begin the Study 
 
You will need to have the following exams, tests or procedures to find out if you can receive the 
treatment part of the study. These exams, tests or procedures are part of regular cancer care and 
may be done even if you do not join the study. These tests will also be done at various times 
throughout the study and at the end of the study. The purpose of these tests is to see how well 
the treatment works and to measure the status of your neuroblastoma. If you have had some of 
them recently, they may not need to be repeated. This will be up to your study doctor. 
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests# 
Blood tests 
Various scans* 
Pregnancy test 
 
Urine tests 
 
 
#Bone marrow tests are done by inserting a needle into the hip bone to remove the marrow which 
is inside the bone. 
* Various scans that are done for diagnosis and checking the response of the tumor to treatment. 
These may include CT and /or MRI scans, Bone scans and MIBG or PET scans. We will 
recommend scans specific for your case and we will answer your questions about these scans 
 
During the Study 
 
If the exams, tests and procedures show that you can be in the study, and you choose to take 
part, then you will need the following tests and procedures during the study. They are part of 
regular cancer care.  
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests 
Blood tests and scans 
Various scans 
Pregnancy test 
 
Urine tests 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 114 
 
Treatment Plan 
 
The treatment will be given in cycles that each last 21 days.  A diagram of one cycle is shown in 
the following figure.   
 
 
Day:    -1       0       1        2       3       4       5       6       7       8         21 
            C ------------------------------------------------------------------> 
                               Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir       Ir 
                              T       T       T       T       T 
                              M      M      M      M       M     M     M 
                                                                                              G 
 
Ir = Irinotecan given into the blood stream on days 1-5 
T = Temozolomide given by mouth on days 1-5 
M = MLN8237 given by mouth on days 1-7  
C = antibiotic to prevent diarrhea given my mouth on days -1 to +8 
G = filgrastim or pegfilgrastim given as a shot into the skin starting on day 8    
 
 
                                                                   
 
 
 
 
You will receive irinotecan into the bloodstream (either through your central line or through a 
small tube placed in a vein in your hand or arm) over 1 hour on days 1-5.  This medicine is 
typically given in the clinic.   
 
You will receive temozolomide by mouth once a day on days 1-5.  The medicine is most 
commonly given as a capsule.  If you have a hard time swallowing capsules, the medicine can 
also taken out of the capsule and swallowed with applesauce or apple juice.  This medicine is 
given 1 hour before the irinotecan is given.  This medicine is given on an empty stomach.   
 
You will receive MLN8237 by mouth once a day on days 1-7.  The medicine will be given as a 
liquid that can be taken by mouth or put into a feeding tube that goes into the stomach.  On days 
1-5, this medicine is given 1 hour before the irinotecan is given.  This medicine is given on an 
empty stomach.   
 
You will receive an oral antibiotic (cefixime or cefpodoxime) by mouth once a day or twice a day 
on days -1 through day +8.  This antibiotic is given to reduce the chances of getting diarrhea that 
can be seen in patients treated with irinotecan. 
 
You will also receive a drug to boost the white blood cells count (filgrastim or pegfilgrastim).  This 
drug will be started on day 8 of each cycle of treatment.  Filgrastim is a shot given into the skin 
each day until the white blood cell count increases.  Pegfilgrastim is a long-acting version of 
filgrastim that is given as a shot into the skin just once per cycle.  Your study doctor will talk with 
you about which of these drugs you will receive.     
 
When you join the study, you will be assigned a certain MLN8237 dose.  This study will test up to 
two MLN8237 doses in groups of 3-6 patients. The starting MLN8237 dose for the first group of 
patients is about 25% lower than the highest dose of MLN8237 pills that can be given safely 
together with irinotecan and temozolomide. This is because studies in adults show that about 
25% more MLN8237 liquid is absorbed compared with MLN8237 pills.  Based on how the first 3-6 
patients do with the MLN8237 liquid, it is possible that more patients are treated with the same 
dose, a higher dose, or a lower dose of MLN8237 liquid.      
 
The doses of irinotecan and temozolomide are not increased during this study.  The doses used 
are typical doses used to treat patients with neuroblastoma.   
Disease evaluation after cycles 
2, 4, 8, and then every 4 cycles  


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 115 
 
 
You can receive up to 34 cycles of treatment (approximately 2 years) as long as you are not 
having bad side effects and as long as your tumor is not getting worse. Although other 
participating patients may receive a different dose of MLN8237, your assigned dose of MLN8237 
will not change during your participation in this study unless you develop certain side effects that 
necessitate lowering your dose of MLN8237. 
 
 
When you have finished treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide  
 
After you stop treatment with MLN8237, irinotecan and temozolomide, you will continue to have 
tests and scans done (listed below) to measure how much tumor is left. If test results show you 
have abnormal organ functions, tests will be repeated monthly until test results are stable or 
normal. You doctor will tell you how often these tests and evaluations will be done. 
 
Medical Tests after the Study: 
 
Physical exam  
Bone marrow tests 
Blood tests 
Various scans 
Urine tests  
 
 
A table detailing the tests and procedures required before, during, and after the study has been 
attached to the end of this consent. 
 
Determining blood levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan  
 
One of the main research goals of this study is to find out the amount of MLN8237 and irinotecan 
in the blood during this treatment.  Since this is one of the main goals of the study you are 
required to submit extra blood samples in order to participate in the overall study.   
 
On the first day of the first cycle of treatment, a small amount of blood (5 mL, or about a 
teaspoon) will be drawn.  If you have a central line (such as a port or a Broviac), this sample can 
be drawn through that line.  Otherwise, you will need to have blood drawn through a vein.   
 
On the fourth day of the first cycle of treatment, a total of 36 mL (or a little more than 7 
teaspoons) will be drawn over 24 hours.  This schedule of blood draws is typically done as an 
outpatient.  If you have a central line with only one lumen or tube and that lumen or tube is being 
used to give you the irinotecan, then you will need to have at least 6 of these blood samples 
drawn through a vein.  Your study doctor may recommend placing an IV catheter or tube in one of 
your veins through which the blood can be drawn.  This may reduce the number of pokes needed 
for this part of the study.  If you have a central line with more than one lumen or tube, you may be 
able to have these blood samples drawn through one of the lumens or tubes that is not being 
used to give you the irinotecan.  Your study doctor can tell you whether you will need some pokes 
or an IV catheter placed or whether your type of central line can be used to draw these samples.   
 
This amount of blood is considered safe to donate over this amount of time.  Samples will be sent 
to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, PA and to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, 
MN for testing. 
 
 
Other Research Tests in this Study 
You will be asked if you want to participate in optional research tests. This part of the study is 
optional. The results of these tests would not be told to you or your doctor or become part of 
your medical record. These results would also not be used to make decisions about your care 
while enrolled on this study. You can decide not to let the doctors do these tests and still be able 
to be treated as part of this clinical study. There are checkboxes on the next to last page of this 
consent form to mark whether you are willing to participate in these optional studies. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Evaluating gene changes involved in breakdown and action of MLN8237 and irinotecan 
 
One part of the research goal is to look for genetic changes in normal blood cells of patients to 
see if these are related to how the liver handles MLN8237 and irinotecan, or whether you will 
have bad side effects after taking these drugs. We may also look to see if other genetic changes 
impact how likely a person is to respond to this drug combination. These tests are done on one 
sample of blood (one-two teaspoons, 5-10 mL) taken from your central line (or port) at the start of 
the first cycle of therapy.  This amount of blood is considered safe to donate.  The blood will be 
sent to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN for testing.    
 
Looking at Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors 
 
MLN8237 blocks the action of a protein called Aurora A.  Another research goal is to look at the 
amount of Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors to find out if the amount of Aurora A impacts 
whether tumors respond to the combination of MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide.  These 
tests are done on stored neuroblastoma tissue from your previous tumor biopsies or surgeries.  If 
you agree to participate in this optional part of the study, we will request that your hospital send 
us some of your stored neuroblastoma tissue.  You will not need to have an extra biopsy or 
surgery to participate in this part of the study.  The tissue will be sent to the University of 
California in San Francisco, CA.   
 
HOW LONG WILL I BE ON THIS STUDY?  
 
You can receive up to 34 cycles of treatment (approximately 2 years) as long as you are not 
having bad side effects and as long as your tumor is not getting worse.   
 
After you stop treatment, you will continue to have tests and scans done to measure how much 
tumor is left. Your doctor will tell you how often these tests will be done. Researchers will continue 
to collect information about you for a lifetime. Researchers will be in contact with your primary care 
doctor to see how you are doing; whether your tumor has grown back and at what sites in the body; 
whether you have developed any side effects from the treatment; or whether you have developed 
any additional cancer. Your oncologist or family doctor will give the researchers this information at 
regular intervals. 
 
CAN I STOP BEING IN THE STUDY? 
 
Yes. If you are thinking about stopping the study, you should talk to your doctor before making a 
final decision so he/she can tell you how to do this safely.  
 
The study doctor may stop you from taking part in this study at any time if he/she believes it is in 
your best interest; if you do not follow study rules; or if the study is stopped. 
 
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF THE STUDY? 
 
You will participate in the oral solution cohort part of the study.   This part of the study looks at 
how common and serious side effects can be for each patient at a specific dose of a drug. Since 
we are still learning about the best dose of MLN8237 liquid to use with the other chemotherapy 
drugs, some patients may have very serious side effects and could die as a result of these side 
effects.  
 
In this study, researchers will be looking at side effects seen in patients taking different doses of 
MLN8237 together with irinotecan and temozolomide. Since subjects will be assigned to different 
doses of MLN8237, some subjects may receive doses that are too small to be effective while 
others may receive higher doses that may cause increased side effects.   
 
Everyone taking part in the study will be watched carefully for any side effects. However, doctors 
don’t know all the side effects that may happen. Side effects may be mild or very serious. Other 
drugs may be given to make side effects less serious and more comfortable (such as for nausea, 
headache or itching). Many side effects go away soon after you stop taking MLN8237, irinotecan, 
and temozolomide, but it is always possible that side effects can be serious, long lasting or may 
never go away. There is also a risk of death. Patients are watched carefully and treatment will be 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 117 
stopped if bad side effects develop. Because MLN8237 liquid has never been given together with 
irinotecan and temozolomide before, there may be risks we do not know about. You should talk to 
your doctor about any side effects that you have while taking part in this study. While on the 
study, you are at risk for the side effects listed on the following pages. 
 
Possible side effects of MLN8237 
There is limited experience using MLN8237 in humans. The risks and side effects listed here and 
their frequencies are anticipated or predicted based on tests in animals and some experience in 
people. It is expected that MLN8237 toxicities will be reversible, however it is possible that 
MLN8237 will have their toxicities that have not been observed in or predicted from its evaluation 
in animal studies and the few studies in adults that have been conducted to date. 
 
The frequency provided in the following table is approximate: 
 
Risks and side effects related to MLN8237 include those which are: 
 
 
 Likely 
(Anticipated in 21-100 
children out of every 100) 
Less Likely  
(Anticipated in 5 -20 children 
out of every 100) 
Rare but Serious 
(Anticipated in <5 children out of 
every 100) 
 
• Fewer red blood cells in 
the blood* 
• Diarrhea 
• Inflammation and/or 
sores in the mouth that 
may make swallowing 
difficult and are painful 
(painful mouth sores) 
• Nausea 
• Vomiting  
• A feeling of extreme 
tiredness not relieved by 
sleep 
• Low numbers of white 
blood cells* called 
lymphocytes and 
neutrophils/granulocytes 
that may make it easier 
to get infections which 
may be life threatening 
• Fewer platelets in the 
blood* 
• Loss of appetite 
• Hair loss 
 
 
 
• Fever with a low white blood 
cell count which could 
indicate infection and may 
require hospitalization and 
treatment with antibiotics* 
• Pain in the abdomen (belly), 
heartburn 
• Constipation 
• Mouth pain 
• Swelling caused by fluid 
build-up in the tissues of the 
arms and legs 
• Fever 
• Infections including those 
caused by bacteria, virus, 
and fungus, which may 
cause you to become very ill.  
• Increase in the blood level of 
certain enzymes or bilirubin 
(a waste product that passes 
through the liver) which 
could indicate liver irritation 
or damage 
• Increased levels of a 
chemical (creatinine) in the 
blood which could mean 
kidney damage 
• Excessive loss of water from 
the body 
• Back pain 
• Dizziness  
• Headache 
• Cough 
• Shortness of breath 
• Low blood pressure 
• Weakness 
• Rash 
• Trouble walking 
• Changes in mood or 
confusion 
• Sleepiness, overtiredness. 
• 
Severe rash with redness 
and pain of the skin on the 
palms of the hands and 
soles of the feet. 
• 
Blistering of the skin. 
 
 


 
 
 
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 118 
 
* If you have a decrease in the white blood cell count, the cells that fight infection, you may be 
more likely to get an infection, including a serious infection that spreads through the bloodstream 
(sepsis). If this happens, you will have to come to the hospital to be treated with antibiotics. If your 
white blood cell count is very low and you get a fever, you may have to come to the hospital to 
get treated with antibiotics. 
 
If you have a drop in the red blood cell count, the cells that carry oxygen around the body you 
may feel tired. If your red blood cell count drops very low you may need a blood transfusion. 
 
If you have a low platelet count, particles in the blood that help with clotting, you may have easy 
bruising or bleeding. If the count is very low and there is bleeding, you might need platelet 
transfusions to help stop the bleeding. 
 
Transfusions may be accompanied or followed by fever and/or reactions that can cause kidney 
failure, heart failure, anemia, hepatitis, A.I.D.S. (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and other 
infections. 
 
MLN8237 has a chemical structure that is similar to a group of drugs called benzodiazepines. 
These drugs may cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, there is a theoretical 
risk that MLN8237 could cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms, as well. It is possible that 
while taking this drug, you will feel changes in your mood such as a sense of euphoria (joy) or a 
feeling of unhappiness that could lead to depression and thoughts of hurting yourself. When 
stopping the drug, withdrawal symptoms could include: anxiety, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, 
tremors, rapid heart-beat, nausea and vomiting.  
 
There is a chance that a chemical in the MLN8237 liquid could lead to a build up of acid in the 
blood.  Since other liquid drugs contain this same chemical and appear safe, we think the risk of 
this happening is low.  We will test to see if this is happening.   
 
Since there is a possibility that this drug may cause sedation (or sleepiness), you should 
not drink alcoholic beverages, since alcohol can also cause sleepiness. If you feel sleepy 
while you are on this study, you should avoid driving or doing anything that may need 
your full alertness, such as operating dangerous tools or machinery. This drug may also 
cause sleepiness if you are currently taking an opiate such as morphine, dilaudid, or 
fentanyl. 
 
We will tell you if we learn any new information that may affect your health, welfare, or decision to 
stay in this study. 
 
For more information about risks and side effects, ask your study doctor. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of Temozolomide 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 - 20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare but serious 
(happens to < 5 children out of 
100) 
 
• Fewer red and white blood     
cells and platelets in the 
blood.  
• Nausea 
• Vomiting 
• Constipation 
• Loss of appetite 
• Diarrhea 
• Headache 
• Tiredness 
• Rash 
• Itching 
• Increased need to urinate 
• Urinary Tract Infections 
• Mouth sores 
• Fluid buildup in legs and 
  arms 
• Hair loss 
• Elevation in the blood of 
  certain enzymes found in 
  the liver 
• Pain in the abdomen 
• Convulsions 
• Difficulty swallowing 
• Dizziness 
• Anxiety or depression 
• Difficulty sleeping 
• Severe allergic reaction 
which can be life 
threatening with 
shortness of breath, low 
blood pressure, rapid 
heart rate, chills and fever 
• Low numbers of white 
blood cells called 
lymphocytes that may last a 
long time and make it easier 
to get infections which may 
be life-threatening 
 • Partial paralysis or weakness 
of one side of the body 
 • Loss of memory 
• Blood clots which may be 
life-threatening 
• Visual disturbances that 
may cause double vision 
• Forgetfulness or confusion 
• Aches and pains in muscles 
• A new cancer or leukemia 
resulting from this treatment 
• Lack of muscle coordination 
which may affect speech, 
eye movement, swallowing, 
walking, picking up things. 
• Liver damage which may 
cause yellowing of eyes and 
skin, swelling and may result 
in liver failure. 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 120 
Possible side effects of Irinotecan 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children out 
of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 - 20 children out of 
100) 
Rare but serious 
(happens to < 5 children out of 
100) 
 
• Diarrhea that can occur during 
the infusion of irinotecan or 
immediately after and may be 
associated with abdominal 
cramping, a runny nose, 
tearing, salivation, sweating, 
flushing (feeling of warmth 
and red cheeks), and difficulty 
adjusting your eyes to light. 
• Loss of body water 
• Nausea and Vomiting 
• Inflammation and/or sores in 
the mouth, 
• Loss of appetite 
• Stomach pain  
• Fever 
• A feeling of weakness and 
tiredness 
• Temporary hair loss 
• Elevation of liver and bone 
enzymes  in the blood and of 
bilirubin (yellow pigment 
formed in the liver) 
• An increase in the blood of a 
type of white blood cell called 
an eosinophil. These are 
sometimes associated with 
allergic reactions. 
• Decrease in the number of red 
and white blood cells and 
platelets made in the bone 
marrow 
 
• Fewer red blood cells and 
platelets in the blood  
• Diarrhea that may occur later 
from 1 day to 2 weeks after 
irinotecan which could cause 
excessive loss of water and 
salts from the body 
• Constipation 
• Pain at the injection site 
• Blood clots which may be in 
rare cases life threatening 
• Rash 
• Inflammation and/or sores in 
the mouth, throat and/or 
esophagus 
• Headache 
• An upset stomach 
• Increase in liver and kidney 
levels 
 
• Severe allergic reaction which 
can be life threatening with 
shortness of breath, low blood 
pressure and a rapid heart 
rate 
• Severe loss of water from the 
body (dehydration) which if 
untreated may cause low 
blood pressure and severe 
loss of salts such and sodium 
and potassium from the body 
and could lead to the kidneys 
failing which could be life-
threatening 
• Inflammation of the lungs with 
cough and congestion 
• Inflammation of the part of the 
intestine known as the colon 
which can lead to infection, 
blood in the stools and 
abdominal pain 
• Headache 
• Skin inflammation 
• Trembling  
• Blood in the urine  
• Mildly increased level of 
protein and glucose in the 
urine  
• Low amount of protein in the 
blood  
• Mouth sores 
• Sensation of warmth on face. 
• Risk to the unborn child in 
pregnant patients.** 
• Pain at infusion site 
• Disorientation/confusion 
• Dizziness and low blood 
pressure 
• A blockage of the bowel that 
prevents passage through the 
bowel 
• Slow heart beat 
. 
 
* This toxicity is seen more commonly when irinotecan is given in combination with fluorouracil 
and leucovorin. It may rarely be a life threatening event. 
** Birth defects and other serious abnormalities in the unborn baby have been noted with 
irinotecan in animal studies at doses similar to or less than those used in humans. The timing and 
frequency of these effects is as yet unknown. These may include multiple birth defects and 
abnormalities of bone formation, small size of baby at birth and increased risk of death of the 
unborn baby. Irinotecan is excreted in rat milk but this is unknown for humans. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Possible side effects of G-CSF (such as Neupogen, filgrastim Or  Neulasta, Pegfilgrastim) 
 
G-CSF is not an anti-cancer medicine.  It helps the growth of white blood cells that fight infection. 
 
Neupogen (Filgrastim) Toxicity: 
 
Likely 
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children 
out every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out every 
100 children) 
 
• 
Aching 
or 
pain 
in 
bones. 
 
• 
Local irritation/pain at 
the 
site 
of 
the 
injection. 
• 
Higher than normal 
levels in the blood of 
uric acid and of liver 
enzymes which may 
indicate liver irritation 
or damage. 
• 
Fever 
• 
Lower than normal 
platelet count 
 
• 
Allergic reactions which can 
be life threatening with 
shortness of breath, low blood 
pressure, rapid heart rate, 
hives, facial swelling. This 
reaction is very rare and has 
been associated mainly with 
intravenous administration. 
• 
If you are known to have 
sickle cell disease , this drug 
may cause sickle cell crises  
• 
Severe damage to the spleen 
(an organ in the abdomen 
which stores blood cells) 
which could lead to pain and  
loss of blood into the 
abdomen. Or rupture of the 
spleen. 
• 
Difficulty breathing and lung 
damage that may be due to 
the white blood cells, travelling 
to the lungs when they are 
inflamed or infected (Adult 
Respiratory 
Distress 
Syndrome  
• 
Bone 
marrow 
dysfunction 
(MDS) or secondary leukemia 
in patients with very bad 
ongoing low white cell counts 
that 
require 
prolonged 
administration of this drug. 
• 
Worsening of skin rashes 
• 
Low Fever 
• 
Inflammation of blood vessels 
leading to a raised purple rash 
and bruising 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Neulasta (Pegfilgrastim) Toxicity: 
 
Likely  
(happens to 21-100 children 
out every 100 children) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5-20 children out 
every 100 children) 
Rare 
(happens to < 5 children out 
every 100 children) 
 
 Aching or pain in bones. 
 
• 
Local irritation at the site of 
the injection. 
• 
Headache 
• 
Higher than normal levels in 
the blood of uric acid and of 
liver enzymes which may 
indicate liver irritation or 
damage. 
• 
A low number of platelets in 
the blood. 
 
 
 
 
 
• 
Low grade fever 
• 
Allergic reactions which 
can be life threatening with 
shortness of breath, low 
blood pressure, rapid heart 
rate, hives, facial swelling. 
This reaction is very rare 
and has been associated 
mainly with intravenous 
administration. 
• 
Redness and flushing of 
the face and body. 
• 
If you are known to have 
sickle  cell disease ,  this 
drug may cause sickle cell 
crises  
• 
Severe damage to the 
spleen (an organ in the 
abdomen which stores 
blood cells) which could 
lead to pain and loss of 
blood into the abdomen. 
• 
Markedly higher than 
normal white blood cell 
count which may be 
associated with fever and 
red, often painful patches 
on the skin (Sweet's 
syndrome). 
• 
Difficulty breathing and 
lung damage that may be 
due to the white blood 
cells, stimulated by 
Pegfilgrastim , travelling to 
the lungs when they are 
inflamed or infected (Adult 
Respiratory Distress 
Syndrome) 
 
 
Unknown frequency and timing:  It is unknown whether pegfilgrastim produces birth defects or 
other serious abnormalities in the unborn child in humans as there is conflicting data from animal 
studies. It is also unknown whether this drug is excreted in breast milk. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 123 
Possible side effects of Cefixime: 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens 
to 
5-20 
children out of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 100) 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Belly pain  
• 
Nausea 
• 
vomiting 
• 
Indigestion 
 
• 
Headache  
• 
Dizziness 
• 
Seizures  
• 
Allergic 
reactions 
which 
can 
be 
life 
threatening with shortness of breath , low 
blood pressure, rapid heart rate 
• 
Low number of white blood cells in the 
blood 
• 
Increase in the blood of a type of white 
blood cells called eosinophils , which are 
sometimes 
associated 
with 
allergic 
reactions 
• 
Decrease in platelets which may make you 
bruise or bleed easily. 
• 
Inflammation of the large intestine which 
can cause watery diarrhea with blood in 
stools and cramping abdominal pain,. 
• 
High blood tests of kidney and liver function 
• 
Hepatitis, yellowing of skin and whites of 
eyes 
• 
Rash with blistering of the skin and 
sometimes also lesions in the eyes, lips and 
mouth.  There can also be breakdown of the 
skin 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 124 
 
Possible side effects of Cefpodoxime (Vantin-R) 
 
Likely 
(happens 
to 
21-100 
children out of 100) 
Less Likely 
(happens to 5 -20 children out 
of 100) 
Rare 
(happens to less than 5 children out of 100) 
 
• 
Diarrhea  
• 
Diaper rash 
 
 
• 
Belly pain  
• 
Nausea and vomiting, 
• 
Headache  
• 
Seizures  
• 
Allergic reactions which can be life 
threatening with shortness of breath , 
low blood pressure, rapid heart rate 
• 
Chest pain 
• 
Decrease 
in 
white 
blood 
cells, 
platelets and red blood cells: 
• 
Increase in the blood of a type of 
white blood cells called eosinophils , 
which are sometimes associated with 
allergic reactions 
• 
Inflammation of the large intestine 
which can cause watery diarrhea with 
blood 
in 
stools 
and 
cramping 
abdominal pain. 
• 
High blood tests for liver and kidney 
function 
• 
Rash with blistering of the skin and 
sometimes also lesions in the eyes, 
lips and mouth.  There can also be 
breakdown of the skin 
• 
Change 
in 
blood 
tests 
showing 
decreased ability of the blood to form 
a clot. 
• 
Vaginal infection 
• 
The inability to produce enough new 
cells to replenish the amount of red 
blood cells, white blood cells and 
platelets in the body.  
 
 
Possible risks to unborn child and nursing child 
Patients who agree to participate in this study should not become pregnant or breast feed while 
on this study.  This study and the medicines used in this study may be hazardous to an unborn 
child.  Patients and their sexual partners should use abstinence and /or an effective method of 
contraception that is medically appropriate based on your personal doctor’s recommendation at 
that time.  Male subjects must agree to use an acceptable method for contraception during the 
entire study treatment period through 4 months after the last dose of MLN8237. 
 


 
 
 
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 125 
If you or your partner becomes pregnant while you are participating in this study, please notify 
your study doctor immediately.  For more information about risks and side effects, ask your study 
doctor.  
 
 
Possible long term side effects of this treatment 
• 
Recurrence of tumor 
• 
Infection 
• 
Sterility and/or delayed onset of sexual maturity 
• 
Increased risk of a second cancer (such as leukemia) different from the kind of cancer 
you have now. 
 
 
 
Possible risks from having blood drawn 
The risks from having your blood taken are minimal, but can include an infection or a blood clot. 
Experienced doctors or nurses will perform these blood draws to minimize this risk.  These have 
risks that will be discussed with you. You will be asked to sign a separate consent for any 
procedure that needs sedation. 
 
ARE THERE BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY? 
 
There may or may not be direct medical benefit to you. The information learned from this study 
may or may not benefit other children or young people with solid cancers in the future. 
 
WHAT OTHER CHOICES DO I HAVE IF I DO NOT TAKE PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
Yes there are other options for treatment. Instead of being in this study, you have these options: 
 
• 
Treatment with chemotherapy medicines 
• 
Treatment with other experimental agents that may be available. 
• 
No therapy at this time, with care to help you feel more comfortable. 
 
Please talk about these options with your doctor. 
 
WILL MY MEDICAL INFORMATION BE KEPT PRIVATE? 
We will do our best to make sure that the personal information in your medical record will be kept 
private. However, we cannot guarantee total privacy. Your personal information may be given out 
if required by law. If information from this study is published or presented at scientific meetings, 
your name and other personal information will not be used. 
 
Organizations that may look at and/or copy your medical records for research, quality assurance 
and data analysis include: 
• 
New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) Consortium at Children’s Hospital 
Los    Angeles in Los Angeles, CA.  The NANT Consortium identifies you by a number. 
• 
Independent auditor evaluating quality assurance for the NANT Consortium. 
• 
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and other governmental agencies, like the Food and 
Drug Administration (FDA), involved in keeping research safe for people. 
• 
Millennium Pharmaceuticals (supplier of MLN8237) 
 
WHAT ARE THE COSTS OF TAKING PART IN THIS STUDY? 
Taking part in this study may lead to added costs to your insurance company.  Your health 
insurance company will be billed for many expenses associated with the costs of this study.  
These expenses include medications, treatments, hospital/clinic charges, and doctors’ fees 
related to your participation in this study.   
 
Irinotecan and temozolomide are commercially available agents.  You will pay for the amount of 
drugs needed to complete this study.  This cost is normally covered by your insurance company. 
 
 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
 126 
MLN8237 will be provided by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, the company that makes this drug.  
They will provide the drug at no cost to you.  A continuing supply of the drug cannot be 
guaranteed.  If there is a problem getting MLN8237, your study doctor will talk with you about 
possible options. If, during the study, MLN8237 becomes approved for use in your cancer, you 
and/or your health plan may have to pay for MLN8237 needed to complete this study. 
 
The pharmacokinetic studies will be done at no cost to you.  The optional tests looking at tumor 
Aurora A and at gene changes involved in breaking down MLN8237 and irinotecan will be done at 
no cost to you if you agree to participate in these optional tests.  However, you or your health plan 
may need to pay for the costs of the supplies and personnel who withdraw the blood from you for 
these tests.  
 
You may have to pay for other things during this study, such as but not limited to, your time, the 
cost of food you buy while you are being treated at the hospital/clinic, car fare, travel to and from 
the hospital/clinic, parking, and baby sitter fees. 
 
You will not be paid for taking part in this study. 
 
For more information on clinical trials and insurance coverage, you can visit the National Cancer 
Institute’s Web site at http://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/understanding/insurance-coverage .   You 
can print a copy of the “Clinical Trials and Insurance Coverage” information from this Web site. 
 
Another way to get the information is to call 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) and ask them to 
send you a free copy. 
 
WHAT HAPPENS IF I AM INJURED BECAUSE I TOOK PART IN THIS STUDY? 
 
It is important that you tell your study doctor, __________________ [investigator’s name(s)], if 
you feel that you have been injured because of taking part in this study. You can tell the doctor in 
person or call him/her at __________________ [telephone number]. 
 
You will get medical treatment if you are injured as a result of taking part in this study. You and/or 
your health plan will be charged for this treatment.  The study will not pay for medical treatment.  
 
WHAT ARE MY RIGHTS AS A STUDY PARTICIPANT? 
 
Taking part in this study is your choice. You may choose not to take part or not take part in the 
study. If you decide to take part in this study, you may remove yourself from the study at any 
time. No matter what decision you make, there will be no penalty to you and you will not lose any 
of your regular benefits. If you remove yourself from the study, we will still take care of you. We 
will explain what stopping the treatment may do and we will offer other treatments if they are 
available.  
 
We will tell you about new information or changes in the study that may affect your health or your 
willingness to continue in the study.  
 
In case of injury resulting from this study, you do not lose any of you legal rights to seek payment 
by signing this form. 
 
A Data Safety and Monitoring Board, an independent group of experts, will be reviewing data 
from this research throughout the study.  We will tell you about new information from this Board or 
other studies that may affect your health or willingness to stay in the study. 
 
WHO CAN ANSWER MY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE STUDY? 
You can talk to your study doctor about any questions or concerns you have about this study. 
Contact your study doctor __________________ [name(s)] at __________________ [telephone 
number]. 
 
For 
questions 
about 
your 
rights 
while 
taking 
part 
in 
this 
study, 
call 
the 
________________________ [name of center] Institutional Review Board (a group of people who 
review the research to protect your rights) at __________________ (telephone number). 


 
 
 
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 127 
 
 
WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION? 
 
You may call the NCI’s Cancer Information Service at 
 
1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) or TTY: 1–800–332–8615 
 
You may visit the NCI Web sites at http://cancer.gov/ 
For NCI’s clinical trials information, go tohttp://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ 
For NCI’s general information about cancer, go to http://cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ 
 
You will get a copy of this consent form. If you want more information about this study, ask your 
study doctor. 
 
 
CONSENTS FOR EXTRA STUDIES FOR RESEARCH 
 
 
The following test is required during the oral solution cohort portion of this study. You 
may not participate in this portion of the study if you do not agree to these tests. 
 
Determining blood levels of MLN8237 and irinotecan  
 
Initial next to YES if you agree to let researchers take blood to study blood levels of MLN8237 
and irinotecan. These are extra blood draws that may require blood draws (pokes) or intravenous 
(IV) catheter placement. The results of these tests will be confidential and not made available to 
you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO if you do not want researchers to take extra blood samples to study blood levels 
of MLN8237 and irinotecan. You will not be able to participate in this portion of the study. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
The following test is optional. You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
 
Evaluating gene changes involved in breakdown and action of  MLN8237 and irinotecan 
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers take blood to study gene changes involved in 
breakdown and action of the drugs MLN8237 and irinotecan. This is one extra blood sample and 
it can be taken from a central line (such as port or Broviac). The results of these tests will be 
confidential and not made available to you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to take an extra blood sample to study gene 
changes involved in breakdown and action of the drugs MLN8237 and irinotecan. 
 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 128 
The following test is optional.  You may still participate in the study even if you do not 
agree to these tests. 
 
Looking at Aurora A in neuroblastoma tumors 
 
Initial next to YES, if you agree to let researchers request some of your stored neuroblastoma 
tumor tissue to study Aurora A levels in the tumor.  The results of these tests will be confidential 
and not made available to you or your treating physician. 
 
Initial next to NO, if you do not want researchers to request some of your stored neuroblastoma 
tumor tissue to study Aurora A levels in the tumor. 
 
Patient  
 
 
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
Parent/Legal Guardian  
_______YES 
 
______NO 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CONSENT 
 
I have already read the information in this informed consent document. I have read all the 
attachments that were included with this informed consent document. I have asked all of my 
questions and I have gotten answers. I agree to enroll myself (my child) in this study. 
 
 
_____________________________________ 
Patient Name 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Parent or Guardian  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Parent or Guardian  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
______________________________________  
 
_____/_____/_____ 
Signature of Patient (If > 7 years old) 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
___________________________________________ 
 
_____/_____/______ 
Signature of Physician or  
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
Responsible Investigator 
 
_______________________________________ 
 
____/_____/______ 
Signature of Witness 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_______________________________________ 
 
____/_____/______ 
Signature of Translator  
 
 
 
 
 
Date 
(If applicable)   
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 129 
Consent Addendum 1: Tests that will be done on this study. 
 
 
Observation 
Before 
Entry 
Cycle 1 
Cycles 2-34 
End of Therapy 
Physical Examination 
 
X 
Weekly 
Start of each 
cycle 
 
X 
Blood tests 
X 
Twice 
weekly** 
Weekly 
X 
Urine tests 
X 
 
 
X 
Bone marrow tests 
X 
 
X 
X 
Tumor scans (CT scan, MRI scan, 
and/or MIBG scan) 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood for drug level tests 
 
X 
 
 
Submission of stored tumor tissue* 
 
X 
 
 
Blood to check for gene change 
involved 
in 
breaking 
down 
MLN8237 and irinotecan* 
 
X 
 
 
 
*Optional  
**Some blood tests are required twice weekly and others are weekly during cycle 1.  
 
 
 


 
 
 
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 130 
Consent Addendum #2 
 
Certificate of Confidentiality Information 
 
NANT has received a Certificate of Confidentiality from the federal government, which will help us 
protect the privacy of our research subjects.  The Certificate protects against the involuntary release 
of information about subjects collected during the course of our covered studies.  The researchers 
involved in the studies cannot be forced to disclose the identity or any information collected in the 
study in any legal proceedings at the federal, state, or local level, regardless of whether they are 
criminal, administrative, or legislative proceedings.  However, the subject or the researcher may 
choose to voluntarily disclose the protected information under certain circumstances.  For example, 
if the subject or his/her guardian requests the release of information in writing, the Certificate does 
not protect against that voluntary disclosure.  Furthermore, federal agencies may review our records 
under limited circumstances, such as a DHHS request for information for an audit or program 
evaluation or an FDA request under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. The Certificate of 
Confidentiality will not protect against the required reporting by hospital staff of information on 
suspected child abuse, reportable communicable diseases, and/or possible threat of harm to self or 
others. 


 
 
 
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15.5  
SAMPLE ASSENT FORM-ORAL SOLUTION COHORT 
 
PHASE 
I/II 
STUDY 
OF 
MLN8237 
IN 
COMBINATION 
WITH 
IRINOTECAN 
AND 
TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA 
 
A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) treatment protocol  
 
INVESTIGATOR 
[Insert Name of Investigator] 
[Insert Name of Institution] 
 
[Insert Address (include City, State and Zip Code)]  
[Insert Telephone/Fax Numbers] 
[Insert Email] 
 
1. My name is ____________________________. 
 
2.  You have a kind of cancer called Neuroblastoma that has either grown back or has never 
gone away after treatment. We are asking you to take part in a research study because 
doctors want to learn more about treating neuroblastoma using three medicines called 
MLN8237, irinotecan, and temozolomide to see what effects (both good and bad) these 
medicines have on patients and their cancer.  MLN8237 is a medicine that is given by mouth 
as a liquid in this part of the study.  Irinotecan is a medicine that is given into the bloodstream 
(either through your central line or through a small tube placed in a vein in your hand or arm).  
Temozolomide is a medicine that is given by mouth, usually as a pill (capsule) though it can 
be given a different way if you cannot swallow the pills.  The doctors think that giving these 
three drugs together may help get rid of neuroblastoma cancer cells.   
 
3. If you agree to be in this study this is what will happen: 
 
 
The medicines will be given in cycles that each lasts 21 days.  You will only get the 
medicine during the first 7 days of each cycle.  You will continue to receive cycles of this 
treatment for up to 2 years unless you have bad side effects or your tumor gets worse.   
 
 
 
MLN8237: 
 
You will take MLN8237 liquid by mouth once a day for the first 7 days every 21-day cycle.   
Irinotecan: 
You will take Irinotecan by I.V. once a day for the first 5 days every 21 day cycle. 
Temozolomide: 
You will take Temozolomide by mouth once a day for the first 5 days every 21-day cycle.  
 
Other medicines (not chemotherapy): 
You will need to take other medicines to help you with side effects of the three  
chemotherapy medicines above.  These medicines include Neupogen (given once a  
day as an injection) or Neulasta (give each cycle as an injection) to help your normal 
blood cells get better after chemotherapy.  To help with diarrhea, you will also take either 
Cefixime (once per day) or Cefpodoxime (twice each day) by mouth for ten days during 
each cycle of chemotherapy. 
 
Coming to See the Doctors: 
During and after you have finished the treatment, you will have appointments with the 
doctors who are taking care of you. This is called “Follow-Up”.  This is to see how well the 
treatment has worked so far. The doctors will want to do some special tests to find this 
information out. They will include; 
• 
Blood tests (we will do this twice each week to start with, and then less often) 
• 
MRI, CT, Bone, and MIBG Scans (special pictures of your tumor) 
• 
Bone marrow test (to look for tumor in your bone marrow) 
• 
Feel your belly, look into your eyes and ears, and listen to your heart and lungs. 
• 
Ask you and your parents a lot of questions about how you are feeling, how you are 
doing in school, and any problems you might be having. 
• 
You may have to come to the clinic to have blood and platelet transfusions when the 
blood counts are low or stay in the hospital if you have a fever with low blood counts. 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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• 
You will come to visit your doctor every week or so to start with, then less often if 
everything is going well.  
• 
To measure the amount of medicine in your blood, we will draw 9 blood samples (about 
8 teaspoons total) on day 1 and day 4 during the first cycle of your treatment. You may 
need to have a needle poke or a small plastic tube placed in a vein of your hand or arm 
for these samples. If you have a central line, your doctor will be able to tell you if that 
can be used to draw these bloods. 
 
When you are in a research study, sometimes good things and bad things can 
happen 
 
4. Sometimes things happen to kids in research studies that may make them feel bad. These 
are called “risks’.  Some of the risks of this study are: 
• 
You may feel sick to your stomach and you may throw up.   
• 
You may feel tired. 
• 
You may have a bad appetite. 
• 
You might have a fever and maybe an infection where you will need to be in the 
hospital to get medicines to treat the infection.  You may feel tired and weak and need a 
blood transfusion or you may get bruises or have bleeding (most often a nosebleed) and 
need a platelet transfusion. 
• 
You may get sores in your mouth that makes it difficult to eat and drink.  If this 
happens, you may need some pain medicines and you may need to stay in the hospital. 
• 
You may get diarrhea. 
• 
The treatments may not work, and your tumor may grow, or it might come back again 
after the treatment has finished. If this happens we will try other ways to stop the tumor 
from growing. 
• 
You could get a different kind of cancer, this doesn’t happen often, but can happen 
years later. 
• 
It is possible that you could die from the treatment or cancer. 
 
Not all of these things may happen to you. None of these things may happen. Or things may 
happen that the doctors don’t know about yet. 
 
5. We will do everything possible to keep your information private.  
 
6. Things that happen to children in research studies that are good are called “benefits.” Some 
of the good things for this research study could be:this treatment might make your 
neuroblastoma tumor stay the same size or get smaller for some time. We hope to learn 
more about this new treatment which could help other children with neuroblastoma. 
 
7. Please talk this over with your parents before you decide whether or not to be in this study. 
We will also ask your parents to give their permission for you to take part in this study.  But 
even if your parents say “yes” you can still decide not to do this.   
 
8. Being in this study is up to you.  You do not have to be in this study if you don’t want to. You 
may stop being in this study at any time. 
 
9. You can ask any questions that you have about the study. If you have a question later that 
you didn’t think of now, you can call me or ask me next time. Study doctor’s phone number: 
__________________. 
 
 
10. Special study blood tests :  
There are extra special tests in this study.  These are done solely for research purposes only.  
Neither you nor your doctor will know the results. 
 
#1. One blood sample (1-2 teaspoons) is needed on day 1 of the first cycle of your treatment. 
 
• 
_________ Yes, it is okay to take an extra blood sample  


 
 
 
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• 
_________ No, it is not okay to take an extra blood sample  
 
#2. Your stored neuroblastoma tissue sample will be used for research purposes in this 
study. 
 
• 
_________ Yes, it is okay to use my stored neuroblastoma tissue sample  
 
• 
_________ No, it is not okay to use my stored neuroblastoma tissue sample 
 
11. Signing your name at the bottom means that you agree to be in this study.   You and your 
parents will be given a copy of this form after you have signed it. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name of Subject: _________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
________________________________________ 
______________________ 
Signature of Subject:  
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_____________________________________  
______________________ 
Signature of Investigator 
 
 
 
 
Date 
 
 
_____________________________________  
______________________ 
Signature of Person Conducting Discussion  
 
Date 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX I: 
PERFORMANCE STATUS SCALES/SCORES 
 
Performance Status Criteria 
Karnofsky and Lansky performance scores are intended to be multiples of 10 
ECOG (Zubrod) 
Karnofsky 
Lansky* 
Score 
Description 
Score 
Description 
Score 
Description 
0 
Fully active, able to 
carry on all pre-disease 
performance without 
restriction. 
100 
Normal, no complaints, 
no evidence of disease 
100 
Fully active, normal. 
 
90 
Able to carry on normal 
activity, minor signs or 
symptoms of disease. 
90 
Minor restrictions in 
physically strenuous 
activity. 
1 
Restricted in physically 
strenuous activity but 
ambulatory and able to 
carry out work of a light 
or sedentary nature, 
e.g., light housework, 
office work. 
80 
Normal activity with 
effort; some signs or 
symptoms of disease. 
80 
Active, but tires more 
quickly 
 
70 
Cares for self, unable to 
carry on normal activity 
or do active work. 
70 
Both greater restriction of 
and less time spent in 
play activity. 
2 
Ambulatory and capable 
of all self-care but 
unable to carry out any 
work activities. Up and 
about more than 50% of 
waking hours 
60 
Required occasional 
assistance, but is able to 
care for most of his/her 
needs. 
60 
Up and around, but 
minimal active play; 
keeps busy with quieter 
activities. 
 
50 
Requires considerable 
assistance and frequent 
medical care. 
50 
Gets dressed, but lies 
around much of the day; 
no active play, able to 
participate in all quiet play 
and activities. 
3 
Capable of only limited 
self-care, 
confined 
to 
bed or chair more than 
50% of waking hours.  
40 
Disabled, requires 
special care and 
assistance. 
40 
Mostly in bed; participates 
in quiet activities. 
 
30 
Severely disabled, 
hospitalization indicated. 
Death not imminent. 
30 
In bed; needs assistance 
even for quiet play. 
4 
Completely disabled. 
Cannot carry on any 
self-care. Totally  
confined to bed or chair. 
20 
Very sick, hospitalization 
indicated. Death not 
imminent. 
20 
Often sleeping; play 
entirely limited to very 
passive activities. 
 
10 
Moribund, fatal 
processes progressing 
rapidly. 
10 
No play; does not get out 
of bed. 
 
*The conversion of the Lansky to ECOG scales is intended for NCI reporting purposes only.  
 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX II. MLN8237 DOSING TABLES FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING ENTERIC COATED 
TABLETS 
 
Patients receiving the oral solution should have their dose rounded according to section 4.2.1.   
 
 
(Note that the surface area divisions change at each dose level for rounding purposes) 
 
 
DOSE LEVEL -1B:  30 MG/M2/DOSE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DOSE LEVELS 1 AND 1B:  45 MG/M2/DOSE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Body Surface 
Area 
(m2) 
 
Dose Level -1 
(30 mg/m2) 
0.38-0.49 
10 mg 
0.5-0.83 
20 mg 
0.84-1.16 
30 mg 
1.17-1.49 
40 mg 
1.5-1.83 
50 mg 
> 1.84 
60 mg 
Body Surface 
Area 
(m2) 
 
Dose Level 1  
(45 mg/m2) 
0.38-0.55 
20 mg 
0.56-0.77 
30 mg 
0.78-0.99 
40 mg 
1.0-1.22 
50 mg 
1.23-1.44 
60 mg 
1.45-1.66 
70 mg 
1.67-1.88 
80 mg 
> 1.89 
90 mg 


 
 
 
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DOSE LEVEL 2B:  60 MG/M2/DOSE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DOSE LEVEL 3B:  80 MG/M2/DOSE 
Body Surface 
Area 
(m2) 
 
Dose Level 2  
(60 mg/m2) 
0.38-0.41 
20 mg 
0.42-0.58 
30 mg 
0.59-0.74 
40 mg 
0.75-0.91 
50 mg 
0.92-1.08 
60 mg 
1.09-1.24 
70 mg 
1.25-1.41 
80 mg 
1.42-1.58 
90 mg 
1.59-1.74 
100 mg 
1.75-1.91 
110 mg 
> 1.92 
120 mg 
Body Surface 
Area 
(m2) 
 
Dose Level 3 
(80 mg/m2) 
0.38-0.43 
30 mg 
0.44-0.56 
40 mg 
0.57-0.68 
50 mg 
0.69-0.81 
60 mg 
0.82-0.93 
70 mg 
0.94-1.06 
80 mg 
1.07-1.18 
90 mg 
1.19-1.31 
100 mg 
1.32-1.43 
110 mg 
1.44-1.56 
120 mg 
1.57-1.68 
130 mg 
1.69-1.81 
140 mg 
1.82-1.93 
150 mg 
> 1.94 
160 mg 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX IIIA.TEMOZOLOMIDE DOSING TABLE FOR INITIAL DOSING WITH 100 MG/M2  
 
 
BSA (m2) 
Calculated daily dose (mg) 
Administered daily dose (mg) 
 
 0.1-0.49* 
 
3.3 mg/kg* 
 
3.3 mg/kg* 
0.50-0.52 
50-52 
50 
0.53-0.57 
53-57 
55 
0.58-0.62 
58-62 
60 
0.63-0.67 
63-67 
65 
0.68-0.72 
68-72 
70 
0.73-0.77 
73-77 
75 
0.78-0.82 
78-82 
80 
0.83-0.87 
83-87 
85 
0.88-0.92 
88-92 
90 
0.93-0.97 
93-97 
95 
0.98-1.0 
98-100 
100 
1.0-1.05 
100-105 
105 
1.06-1.14 
106-114 
110 
1.15-1.24 
115-124 
120 
1.25-1.34 
125-134 
130 
1.35-1.44 
135-144 
140 
1.45-1.54 
145-154 
150 
1.55-1.64 
155-164 
160 
1.65-1.74 
165-174 
170 
1.75-1.84 
175-184 
180 
1.85-1.94 
185-194 
190 
> 1.95 
195-2.0 
200 
 
*Dosing for patients under BSA 0.5 m2 is by mg/kg, rounded to the nearest 5 mg 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX IIIB.TEMOZOLOMIDE DOSING TABLE FOR 75 MG/M2 IF DOSE REDUCTION NEEDED 
 
 
BSA (m2) 
Calculated daily dose (mg) 
Administered daily dose (mg) 
 
0.1-0.49* 
 
2.5 mg/kg* 
 
2.5 mg/kg* 
0.50-0.56 
37.5-42 
40 
0.57-0.63 
42.75-47.25 
45 
0.64-0.69 
48-51.75 
50 
0.70-0.76 
52.5-57 
55 
0.77-0.83 
57.75-62.25 
60 
0.84-0.89 
63-66.75 
65 
0.90-0.96 
67.5-72 
70 
0.97-1.03 
72.75-77.25 
75 
1.04-1.09 
78-81.75 
80 
1.10-1.16 
82.5-87 
85 
1.17-1.23 
87.75-92.25 
90 
1.24-1.29 
93-96.75 
95 
1.30-1.36 
97.5-102 
100 
1.37-1.43 
102.75-107.25 
105 
1.44-1.49 
108-111.75 
110 
1.50-1.56 
112.5-117 
115 
1.57-1.63 
117.75-122.25 
120 
1.64-1.69 
123-126.75 
125 
1.70-1.76 
127.5-132 
130 
1.77-1.83 
132.75-137.25 
135 
1.84-1.89 
138-141.75 
140 
1.90-1.96 
142.5-147 
145 
> 1.97 
> 147.75 
150 
 
*Dosing for patients under BSA 0.5 m2 is by mg/kg, rounded to the nearest 5 mg 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX IV: FAMILY INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION OF TEMOZOLOMIDE 
FOR PATIENTS WHO ARE UNABLE TO SWALLOW CAPSULES 
Temozolomide is an oral cancer medicine that your child will be taking for treatment of his/her 
neuroblastoma. If your child is unable to swallow these capsules, you should use the following 
instructions to administer this medication safely. 
• Temozolomide must be kept in a dark container  
• Temozolomide should be taken at the same time everyday  
• If your child requires nausea medicine it should be taken prior to the temozolomide 
• If the dose of temozolomide is vomited later than 10 minutes after administration (which is unusual), do 
not repeat the dose  
• If the person dispensing this medicine is pregnant or suspects she is pregnant, she should not dispense 
this medicine  
Temozolomide is an anti-cancer agent, and so special precautions must be taken when handling this 
medicine. There is potential hazard to anyone who handles this medicine once the protective capsule is 
opened. Since your child is unable to swallow the capsule, you will be required to open the capsules and 
mix the contents of the capsule in apple sauce or apple juice. This process must be done according to the 
following guidelines to ensure safe administration of this medicine.  
• Find a place that is as free of air flow as possible and is not an area where food is stored or prepared.  
The work surface should be covered with aluminum foil to reduce exposure to other members of the 
family. 
• Temozolomide can be mixed in apple sauce or apple juice. 
• Place the apple sauce or apple juice in a disposable container. 
• Put on disposable gloves. 
• Open each capsule and place the powder in a medicine cup. 
• Add the whole contents of the medicine cup to either apple sauce or apple juice. The medicine will not 
dissolve completely if mixing in apple juice so have extra apple juice on hand so you can add it to any 
remaining powder in the bottom of the cup. 
• If you need to use additional juice or apple sauce, remove your gloves before touching the main 
container then place new gloves on before adding the additional juice or apple sauce to the medicine. 
(You do not want to contaminate the main container with any powder that may be on your gloves.) 
• Anything that comes into contact with the medicine must be disposable, such as the spoon used for 
mixing or eating the apple sauce. 
• Once all of the medicine is taken throw away the following in the provided red bag: medicine cup, the 
container the medicine was mixed in, the cover for the work surface, gloves and anything else that 
has been in contact with the medicine. 
 
Once a Five-day cycle of temozolomide is completed bring the red bag with you to the clinic so it 
can be disposed of properly. 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX V: PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR TREATING DIARRHEA 
 
Be aware of your/your child's bowel movements. At the first sign they become softer than usual or if your 
child has any increase in the number of bowel movements over what is normal for him/her, then you/your 
child should begin taking loperamide (Imodium). If he/she does not start taking the loperamide right 
away, the diarrhea may become severe and last several days or require hospitalization.  
 
Please follow these directions carefully, using dosing guidelines below:  
 
Take _____________ loperamide at the first sign of diarrhea.  
 
Continue taking__________ loperamide every ____ hours until your normal pattern of bowel movements 
returns. Repeat the same doses and frequency if the diarrhea returns.  
 
Do not give more than ___________ of loperamide in a 24 hour period.  
 
Please call your doctor if you have any questions about taking loperamide, if your child's diarrhea is not 
under control after two days, or if he/she is feeling extremely weak, lightheaded, or dizzy.  
 
Make an extra effort to give your child lots of fluids (several glasses of pedialyte, fruit juices, soda, soup, 
etc.) while your child is participating in this study.  
 
Side effects may include tiredness, drowsiness, or dizziness. If your child experiences these side effects, 
or if your child is urinating less frequently than usual, please contact your child's physician.  
 
Do not give your child any laxatives without consulting with his/her physician.  
 
Loperamide dosing guidelines: 
 
Loperamide is usually supplied in the following forms:  1 teaspoon = 1mg; 1 caplet = 2mg 
 
Maximum dose of loperamide per day: < 6 years: 4 mg/day; 6-11 years: 6 mg/day; >11 years: 16 mg/day, 
using the non silicone-containing product. 
Weight:  > 43 kg: 
4 teaspoons or 2 caplets (4 mg) after the first loose bowel movement, 
followed by 2 teaspoons or 1 caplet (2mg) every2 hours. During the night the 
patient may take, 2 caplets (4mg) every 4 hours rather than 1 caplet (2mg) 
every 2 hours.  
Weight: 30kg – 43kg: 
2 teaspoons or 1 caplet (2mg) after the first loose bowel movement followed 
by 1 teaspoon or one-half caplet (1 mg) every 2hours. During the night the 
patient may take, 1 caplet (2 mg) every 4 hours rather than one-half caplet 
every 2 hours. 
Weight: 20kg – < 30kg: 
2 teaspoons or 1 caplet (2mg) after the first loose bowel movement followed 
by 1 teaspoon or one-half caplet (1mg) every 3 hours. During the night, the 
patient may take 1 caplet (2mg) every 4 hours rather than one-half caplet 
every3 hours. 
Weight: 13kg - < 20kg: 
1 teaspoon (1mg) after the first loose bowel movement followed by 1 
teaspoon (1mg) every 3 hours. During the night, the patient may take 1 
teaspoon (1 mg) every 4 hours rather than every 3 hours. 
Weight: < 13kg: 
Half teaspoon (0.5mg) after the first loose bowel movement followed by half 
teaspoon every 3 hours. During the night, the patient may take half teaspoon 
(0.5mg) every 4 hours rather than every 3 hours. 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX VI: BLOOD VOLUME SUMMARY FOR INVESTIGATIONAL STUDIES 
 
Summary of Research Blood Samples:  Blood volumes below are maximum values.   
For patients with a weight below the minimum required to tolerate all blood draws requested for  
correlative studies , please consult with study chair to determine prioritization of samples.   
 
 
 
 
Course 
Day 
Sample Time 
Points 
(based on timing 
of MLN8237 
dosing) * 
MLN8237 
Pharmacokinetics 
Irinotecan 
Pharmacokinetics ** 
UGT 1A1 
Polymorphism
s 
Total  
1 
1 
(Pre-dose)0 hr  
3mL 
2mL 
10mL 
15mL 
 
4 
(Pre-dose) 0 hr 
3mL 
2mL 
---- 
5mL 
0.5hr 
3mL 
---- 
---- 
3mL 
1 hr 
3mL 
---- 
---- 
3mL 
2 hr 
3mL 
2mL 
---- 
5mL 
3 hr 
3mL 
2mL 
---- 
5ml  
4 hr 
3mL 
2mL 
---- 
5mL 
7hr 
3mL 
2mL 
---- 
5mL 
 
5 
Pre-day 5 dose 
of MLN8237 
3mL 
2mL 
---- 
5mL 
 
 
TOTAL : 
51 mL 
 
*Refer to sections 8.1.2 and 8.2.2 for further clarification of sample time points. 
 **See section 8.2.1 for restrictions if patient has a central line. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX VII RESPONSE CRITERIA VERSION 1 
 
These criteria are to be used for patients enrolled prior to Amendment #5.   
 
Response Criteria for CT/MRI Lesions 
 
For CT/MRI lesions, this study will use the definitions of measurable disease from the Response 
Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) from the National Cancer Institute. Overall response for 
each patient will be defined as outlined in Section 11.4. 
 
Definition of Measurable (Evaluable) Disease on CT/MRI scan 
The presence of at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension with the 
longest diameter at least 20 mm. With spiral CT scan, lesions must be at least 10 mm. The investigator 
will identify up to 10 measurable target lesions to be followed for response.  Note that bone lesions will be 
considered as non-target lesions for evaluation of CT/MRI response since they will be evaluated with 
MIBG scans. 
 
Serial measurements of lesions are to be done with CT or MRI. The same method of assessment used to 
characterize each identified and reported lesion at baseline should be used during follow-up. 
 
The sum of the longest diameter (LD) for all target lesions will be calculated and reported as the disease 
measurement. The response of the CT/MRI lesions will be defined as outlined below: 
 
Complete Response (CR) 
Disappearance of all target and non-target CT/MRI lesions. 
 
Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) 
Greater than 90% decrease of the disease measurement for CT/MRI lesions, taking as reference the 
disease measurement done to confirm measurable disease at study entry. Non-target CT/MRI lesions 
stable to smaller in size. 
 
Partial Response (PR) 
At least a 30% decrease in the disease measurement for CT/MRI lesions, taking as reference the disease 
measurement done to confirm measurable disease at study entry. Non-target CT/MRI lesions stable to 
smaller in size. 
 
Progressive Disease (PD) 
At least a 20% increase in the disease measurement, taking as reference the smallest disease 
measurement since the treatment started, OR a new site of tumor. Non-target CT/MRI lesions stable, 
smaller, or increased in size.  
 
Stable disease (SD)   
Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD taking as reference 
the smallest disease measurement since the treatment started. No new sites of disease. 
 
Response Criteria for Morphologic Bone Marrow Disease 
 
Only those patients with morphologic evidence of neuroblastoma by routine H and E staining (NSE 
staining only is not evaluable) will be evaluable to assess bone marrow response. 
 
Complete Response  
Will be defined as no tumor cells detectable by routine morphology on two subsequent bilateral bone 
marrow aspirates and biopsies done at least three weeks apart after study entry. 
 
Progressive Disease will be defined as: 


 
 
 
NANT 2009-03 Version Amendment #8 01-10-2018     
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Tumor seen on morphology on two consecutive bone marrows done at least three weeks apart in patients 
who had NO tumor in bone marrow at study entry. (Note:  Patient may be declared as progressive 
disease in bone marrow after only one diagnostic bone marrow at the discretion of the treating physician 
after discussion with the study chair.)  
 
Patients who enter study with bone marrow tumor by morphology will be considered to have progressive 
disease if there is a minimum of 25% tumor in the marrow by morphology AND a doubling in the amount 
of tumor in the marrow compared to the level present at study entry. (For example, a patient entering with 
5% tumor in marrow by morphology must increase to > 25% tumor to have PD; a patient entering with 
30% tumor must increase to >60% tumor). 
 
Stable Disease 
Will be defined as persistence of an amount of tumor in the bone marrow by morphology that does not 
meet criteria for either complete response or progressive disease. Patients who clear morphologic tumor 
but have immunocytologic tumor will be called SD.  
 
 
Response Criteria for MIBG Positive Lesions 
 
All patients will be evaluable for MIBG response following the first course of therapy.  Patients with 
persistent MIBG-positive disease after the first course will also be evaluable for MIBG response following 
the second course of therapy. 
 
Definition of MIBG Response 
The following criteria will be used to report MIBG response by the treating institution on the end of course 
report forms: 
a. Complete response = complete resolution of all MIBG positive lesions 
a. Partial response = resolution of at least one MIBG positive lesion, with persistence of other 
MIBG positive lesions. 
b. Stable disease = no change in MIBG scan in number of positive lesions (includes patients 
who have same number of positive lesions but decreased intensity) 
c. Progressive disease =  Development of new MIBG positive lesions  
 
Assessment of MIBG Response 
The response of MIBG lesions will be assessed on central review using the Curie scale as outlined 
below.[22]  Central review responses will be used to assess efficacy for study endpoint.  
 
NOTE:  This scoring is NOT required to be done by the treating institution for their end of course response 
assessments. 
 
The body is divided into 9 anatomic sectors for osteomedullary lesions, with a 10th general sector 
allocated for any extra-osseous lesions. In each region, the lesions are scored as follows. The absolute 
extension score is graded as:  0 = no site per segment, 1 = 1 site per segment, 2 = more than one site 
per segment, 3 = massive involvement (>50% of the segment). The absolute score is obtained by adding 
the score of all the segments. See diagram of sectors below: 


 
 
 
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The relative score is calculated by dividing the absolute score at each time by the corresponding pre-
treatment overall score. The relative score of each patient is calculated at each response assessment 
and classified as below:  
a. Complete response:  all areas of uptake on MIBG scan completely resolved. 
b. Partial response: Relative score > or = 0.1 (lesions almost disappeared) to < or = 0.5 (lesions 
strongly reduced),  
c. Stable disease: Relative score > 0.5 (lesions weakly but significantly reduced) to < or = 1 
(lesions not reduced). 
d. Progressive disease:  New lesions on MIBG scan. 
 
Definition of Overall Response for Each Patient 
 
The International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria were developed to define responses in patients 
being treated with frontline therapy from diagnosis.[23] These criteria were utilized as a basis for the 
following response criteria, which integrate response at all sites defined as measurable in this study, 
including CT/MRI lesions which meet RECIST criteria, MIBG positive lesions, and bone marrow disease. 
These criteria will be used to define the overall response for each patient.  
 
Complete Response (CR) 
Disappearance of all target lesions. No evidence of tumor at any site (chest, abdomen, liver, bone, bone 
marrow, nodes, etc.), and HVA/VMA normal. 
 
Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) 
Greater than 90% decrease of the disease measurement for CT/MRI target lesions, taking as reference 
the disease measurement done to confirm measurable disease in target lesions at study entry; all pre-
existing bone lesions with CR by MIBG; MIBG scan can be SD or CR in soft tissue lesions corresponding 
to lesions on CT/MRI. CR in bone marrow. No new sites of tumor. HVA/VMA normal. 
 
Partial Response (PR) 
At least a 30% decrease in the disease measurement for CT/MRI target lesions, taking as reference the 
disease measurement done to confirm measurable disease in target lesions at study entry. Bone marrow 
with CR. MIBG with either PR/CR in bone lesions; MIBG may be SD or CR in soft tissue lesions 
corresponding to lesions on CT/MRI. HVA/VMA may still be elevated.  
 
 


 
 
 
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Progressive Disease (PD) 
Any one of the following: 
a. At least a 20% increase in the disease measurement for CT/MRI target lesions, taking as 
reference the smallest disease measurement recorded since the start of treatment.  
 
b. Appearance of one or more new lesions or new sites of tumor. 
 
c. PD as defined above for either bone marrow or MIBG lesions. 
 
Stable disease (SD)   
The patient will be classified as stable disease for overall response if there is stable disease by either 
CT/MRI lesion, bone marrow, or MIBG criteria. No new lesions; no new sites of disease. 
 
Mixed response (MR) 
The patient will be classified as mixed response for overall response if there is complete response, partial 
response, and/or very good partial response at a minimum of one site (i.e. CT, MIBG, and/or bone 
marrow), with stable disease at all other sites and any value of catecholamines.  
 
The overall response as assessed at any particular time point based on the various disease sites is 
summarized in the table below.  
 
Overall Response Assignment 
Response by individual site 
Overall 
response 
CT/MRI lesions 
MIBG lesions 
Bone marrow  
Catechols 
 
PD 
Any 
Any 
Any 
PD 
Any 
PD 
Any 
Any 
PD 
Any 
Any 
PD 
Any 
PD 
CR 
CR 
CR 
Normal 
CR 
 
Normal 
CR 
VGPR 
CR in bone 
lesions ; May have 
SD/CR in soft 
tissue sites 
corresponding to 
lesions on CT/MRI 
CR 
Normal 
VGPR 
PR 
PR/CR in bone 
lesions; May have 
SD/CR in soft 
tissue sites 
corresponding to 
lesions on CT/MRI  
CR 
Any 
PR 
SD 
SD 
SD 
Any 
SD 
SD/PR/VGPR/CR 
SD 
SD/CR 
Any 
SD 
SD/PR/VGPR/CR 
SD/PR/CR 
SD 
Any 
SD 
Mixed response:  CR, PR and/or VGPR at minimum of one site, with SD at all other sites; any 
catecholamines 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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APPENDIX VIII  RESPONSE CRITERIA VERSION 1.1 
 
With Amendment #5, response criteria changed temporarily to the following NANT Response Criteria 
version 1.1.  With Amendment #6, all patients enrolled after Amendment #5 are to use the new NANT 
Response Criteria version 1.2 in Section 11.  The following response criteria 1.1 are included in this 
appendix solely for reference.   
 
Overall response will incorporate all three parameters: CT/MRI; MIBG (PET is substituted for MIBG non-
avid tumors); and bone marrow response.  Response for each parameter and overall response will be 
reported by the treating site using the criteria below. However, the final statistical analysis of response will 
be defined by central review, using the same criteria below. 
 
Response Criteria for CT/MRI Lesions 
 
For CT/MRI lesions, this study will use the definitions of measurable disease from the Response 
Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1; European Journal Cancer 45: 228-247, 2009). 
 
Definition of Measurable (Evaluable) Disease on CT/MRI scan 
The presence of at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension with a 
longest diameter >10 mm.   In addition, lesions must be MIBG or PET avid (if patient known to be MIBG 
non-avid), or have a biopsy as required in the eligibility criteria.  Up to 5 measurable target lesions will be 
identified to be followed for response (maximum of 2 in one organ site). Bone lesions will be considered 
non-target lesions for evaluation of CT/MRI response since they will be evaluated with MIBG scans.  Soft 
tissue components of bone lesions will be considered measurable disease if they meet the size definition 
of measurable disease noted above. 
 
Serial measurements of lesions are to be done with the same method of assessment (either CT or MRI) 
used to characterize each lesion reported at baseline. 
 
The sum (sLD) of the longest diameters for all target lesions will be calculated and reported as the 
disease measurement. The response of the CT/MRI lesions will be defined as outlined below: 
 
Complete Response (CR) 
Disappearance of all target CT/MRI lesions.  Non-target lesions must be stable to smaller in size. 
 
Partial Response (PR) 
At least a 30% decrease in sLD of CT/MRI lesions, taking as reference the measurement of target lesions 
performed at study enrollment. Non-target CT/MRI lesions must be stable to smaller in size.  
 
Progressive Disease (PD) 
At least a 20% increase in sLD AND a minimum absolute increase of 5 mm in sLD, the disease 
measurement, taking as reference the smallest sLD disease measurement since the treatment started, 
OR a new site of tumor. Non-target CT/MRI lesions can be stable, smaller, or increased in size.  
 
Stable disease (SD)   
Neither sufficient shrinkage in sLD to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. No new sites 
of disease. 
 
Not evaluable (NE) 
 CT/MRI scans are of inadequate quality as assessed by central reviewer, or scans are not repeated of all 
sites with tumor documented at entry. (Note that patients not evaluable at a given time point may be 
evaluable for response at later time points if all scans done with adequate quality at later time point.) 
 
 
 


 
 
 
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Not involved (NI) 
No measurable CT/MRI lesions present at study entry and scan remains with no measurable CT/MRI 
lesions.  
 
Not done (ND) 
No CT/MRI scans were done at the given time point. 
 
 
Response Criteria for Morphologic Bone Marrow Disease 
 
Routine morphology (with or without routine immunocytochemistry) will be used for baseline evaluation 
and all subsequent response evaluations performed while on protocol therapy, and at end of protocol 
therapy.  Patients with < 10% tumor on all samples of the bilateral bone marrow aspirate and biopsies at 
study entry will be evaluable for bone marrow response, but have separate definitions for response 
criteria.  Tumor percentage will be assessed by the surface area percentage of tumor.  
 
Complete Response (CR) 
At least 10% tumor cells seen on any one sample of bilateral aspirates/biopsies performed at study 
enrollment, with no tumor cells seen on bilateral aspirates and biopsies at one subsequent time point. 
 
Complete Response Minimal Residual Disease (CR-MRD)  Less than 10% tumor on all samples of 
bilateral aspirates/biopsies at study enrollment, with no tumor cells seen on  bilateral aspirates and 
biopsies at one subsequent (post protocol therapy) timepoint.  
 
Progressive Disease (PD) 
Patients who enroll on study with any amount of tumor in the bone marrow on the baseline evaluation will 
be considered to have PD if one subsequent evaluation shows a minimum of 10% tumor in the marrow on 
any one sample AND there is a doubling in the amount of tumor compared to study entry (baseline). For 
example, a patient entering with 5% tumor in marrow must increase to > 10% tumor to have PD; a patient 
entering with 30% tumor must increase to >60% tumor.  If patients have in increase in tumor amount 
which is less than the amount specified for PD, the response will be classified as SD.  
 
Patients who enter on study with no tumor seen will be considered PD if ONE subsequent evaluation 
shows >10% tumor.  If < 10% tumor is seen on one subsequent evaluation or intermittently, the response 
will be classified as SD.   
 
Stable Disease (SD) 
Will be defined as persistence of an amount of tumor in the bone marrow that does not meet criteria for 
progressive disease or CR or CR Minimal Residual Disease. .  
 
Not Evaluable (NE) 
Patients for whom follow-up bone marrows (including bilateral bone marrow aspirates and biopsies) are of 
inadequate quality as assessed by central reviewer, will be classified as not evaluable.  
 
Not involved (NI)  
Patients with no evidence of neuroblastoma in the bone marrow at baseline and on subsequent 
evaluations. 
 
Not done (ND) 
Bone marrow evaluation not done at a given timepoint. 
 
Response Criteria for MIBG Avid Lesions 
 
MIBG Response will be graded using a modification of the Curie scoring scale (Eur J Cancer 
1995;31A:256-261).  The treating site will report the MIBG response using the scoring outlined belo, 
however the statistical endpoint of MIBG response will utilize the MIBG score from the central reviewer. 


 
 
 
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The body is divided into 9 anatomic sectors for metastatic lesions (including bone and soft tissue lesions), 
with a 10th general sector allocated for residual primary tumor uptake. The absolute extension score is 
graded as:  0 = no involvement, 1=1 site per segment, 2 = more than one site per segment, 3 = massive 
involvement (>50% of the segment). The absolute score is obtained by adding the score of all the 
segments. See diagram of sectors below: 
The relative score is calculated by dividing the absolute score at each time by the corresponding pre-
treatment overall score. The relative score of each patient is calculated at each response assessment 
and classified as below:  
a. Complete response:  all areas of uptake on MIBG scan completely resolved. 
b. Partial response: Relative score > 0.1 (lesions almost disappeared) to < 0.5 
c. Stable disease: Relative score > 0.5 to < 1.2  
d. Progressive disease:  New lesions on MIBG scan OR a relative score > 1.2. 
e.   Not evaluable:  MIBG scan of inadequate quality as assessed by central reviewer. 
f.  Not involved: No MIBG avid lesions at study entry and subsequent response time points. 
g. Not done: MIBG scan not done at a given response time point. 
 
Response Criteria using FDG-PET scans (for MIBG non-avid patients) 
 
Patients known to be non-avid for MIBG should have FDG-PET scans performed for monitoring response. 
The number of FDG-PET avid lesions will be scored at each time point as the total number of avid lesions 
(ie four lesions = PET score of 4) 
 
Complete response (CR) 
Resolution of all FDG-PET uptake. 
 
Partial response (PR) 
> 50% decrease in the number of FDG-PET avid lesions 
 
Stable disease (SD) 
No change or less than 50% decrease in the number of FDG-PET avid lesions 
 
Progressive disease (PD) 


 
 
 
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Appearance of new FDG-PET avid lesions. Note: biopsy may be done to exclude causes of FDG-PET 
uptake other than tumor.  If biopsy is negative for tumor, patient will not meet definition of PD 
 
Not evaluable (NE) 
FDG-PET scan of inadequate quality to evaluate response 
 
Not done (ND) 
FDG-PET scan not done at a given time point. 
 
Urine Catecholamines 
 
Due to variance with diet and concomitant medications, frequently missing dopamine levels, and lack of 
standardized methodology for this assay, urine catecholamines will not be utilized in grading 
response,except to confirm an overall response of CR, which will require that urine catecholamines (HVA 
and VMA) are within 3 standard deviations of normal for patient’s age.  Urine catecholamineswill still be 
requested at all response evaluation time points and recorded in database. 
 
Definition of Overall Response for Each Patient 
 
The criteria below will be used to define the overall response for each patient, with consideration of all three 
individual response parameters: CT/MRI, MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid), and Bone Marrow.  
 
Complete Response (CR) 
CR for all CT/MRI target lesions with resolution of uptake at all sites on MIBG scan FDG-PET scan if 
tumor is not MIBG avid).  Bone marrow must be CR or Not Involved.  Urine catechols must be no more 
than 3 standard deviations above normal for age.   
 
Complete Response MRD (CR-MRD) 
CR or NI for CT/MRI response and MIBG response (FDG-PEG if MIBG non-avid) with BM response of 
CR-MRD. 
 
Partial Response (PR) 
CT/MRI response of PR. MIBG response must be either PR or CR.    CT/MRI target lesions may still have 
MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid) uptake.  Bone marrow response must not be Progressive Disease.  
Bone marrow response may be SD if the maximum amount of tumor was < 10% at study enrollment.  No 
new lesions by CT/MRI, MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid). 
 
Progressive Disease (PD) 
Either one of the following will define an overall response of PD: 
a. At least one response parameter including CT/MRI, MIBG, bone marrow and/or FDG-PET 
response is PD as defined above.  If PD is found by one parameter, the other two parameters 
are not required to be evaluated to define an overall response of PD. 
b. Treating physician grades patient as progressive disease based on clinical assessment 
alone.  
 
Stable disease (SD)   
Response of stable disease for at least one parameter, with response of SD or not involved for all other 
parameters.  No PD by any parameter. 
 
Minor response (MR) 
Complete response, Complete-Unconfirmed response, and/or partial response for one parameter (i.e. 
CT/MRI, MIBG (FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid), bone marrow), with response of stable disease for second 
parameter and any response other than PD or inevaluable for third parameter. 
 
 


 
 
 
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Not evaluable (NE) 
Response of Not evaluable or Not Done for one or more response parameters including CT/MRI, MIBG 
(FDG-PET if MIBG non-avid), or bone marrow, unless one parameter is done and demonstrates PD which 
defines an overall response of PD. 
 
Not done (ND) 
Response was not assessed for any of the 3 parameters at a given time point. 
 
Unconfirmed  
Response of Inevaluable or Not Done for any of the 3 parameters that did not have measurable/evaluable 
tumor at study entry. 
 
Summary 
The overall response as assessed at any particular time point based on consideration of each of the three 
parameters as defined above is summarized in the following table: 
 
Overall Response Assignment 
CT/MRI 
Response 
MIBG Response* 
Bone Marrow 
Response 
Overall Response 
 
PD for any one parameter with any response (including Not Done or 
Inevaluable) for the other 2 parameters. PD may also be defined by clinical 
assessment of the treating physician only. 
 
PD 
CR 
CR 
CR 
CR 
CR for one parameter with either CR or NI in other sites 
 
CR 
MIBG response= CR, with 
CT/MRI response either CR or NI 
-OR- 
CT/MRI response=CR with  
MIBG response either CR or NI 
CR-MRD 
CR-MRD 
NI 
NI 
CR-MRD 
CR-MRD 
CR   or  NI 
PR 
CR or 
CR-MRD or NI 
PR 
PR 
CR  or PR or NI 
CR 
 
-OR- 
 
CR-MRD 
 
-OR- 
 
SD if < 10% tumor 
in bone marrow at 
study entry 
 
-OR- 
 
NI 
 
PR 
SD for one parameter, with SD or NI for other two parameters 
 
SD 
CR or CR-MRD or PR for  at least one parameter, SD for a second parameter, 
and any response other than PD or Inevaluable for other parameter 
Minor response 


 
 
 
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Response of Inevaluable or Not Done  
any one of the 3 parameters that had measurable/evaluable tumor at study 
entry 
Inevaluable 
No response evaluations performed for any of the 3 parameters 
Not Done 
Response of Inevaluable or Not Done for any of the 3 parameters that did not 
have measurable/evaluable tumor at study entry  
Unconfirmed 
 
*For patients who utilize FDG-PET in place of MIBG response, then substitute FDG-PET response for 
MIBG response in this table to define overall response.