Clinical trial NCT03634839
Conditions: Nicotine Use Disorder
Sponsor: Yale University
Start date: 2022-11-07; Completion date: 2023-07-20
Enrollment: 42 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: CROSSOVER

Brief summary:
This study is an examination of the influence of sweet and cooling flavors on the appeal and abuse potential of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes among susceptible youth.

Detailed description:
Researchers will examine the influence of sweet and cooling flavors on the appeal and abuse potential of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes among susceptible youth. Participants will rate the flavor intensity, coolness, sweetness, and irritation experienced using validated rating scales. Forty youth (18-20 years of age) who have experience with e-cigarettes and will participate in 1 laboratory session. They will receive 1 nicotine concentrations (36mg/ml nicotine salt) during the session; during the session they will be exposed, in random order, to sweet (watermelon) and sweet-cooling (watermelon-menthol) flavors combined with the assigned session nicotine concentration.

Arms: arm 1: Sweet flavor non-menthol (Watermelon) with 36mg/ml Nicotine arm 2: Sweet flavor with menthol (Watermelon-menthol) with 36mg/ml Nicotine
Interventions: intervention 1: Flavoring Agents intervention 2: Nicotine
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Flavor of e-liquid - sweet or tobacco intervention 2: Nicotine level (36 mg/ml)

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_001.pdf: 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 1 of 40
                
                                   
HRP-503B – BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH PROTOCOL 
(2017-1)
Protocol Title: Effects of E-cigarette Flavors on Youth and Adults 
Principal Investigator: Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Ph.D.
Version Date: December 7, 2022
(If applicable) Clinicaltrials.gov Registration #: NCT03634839, NCT03635333
INSTRUCTIONS
This template is intended to help investigators prepare a protocol that includes all of the necessary information 
needed by the IRB to determine whether a study meets approval criteria. Read the following instructions 
before proceeding:
1.
Use this protocol template for a PI initiated study that includes direct interactions with research 
subjects. Additional templates for other types of research protocols are available in the system Library.
2.
If a section or question does not apply to your research study, type “Not Applicable” underneath.
3.
Once completed, upload your protocol in the “Basic Information” screen in IRES IRB system. 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 2 of 40
SECTION I: RESEARCH PLAN
1.
Statement of Purpose: State the scientific aim(s) of the study, or the hypotheses to be tested. 
Specific Aim 1: Examine the influence of cooling “icy” flavor components on the appeal, likelihood of 
use, and abuse potential of nicotine-containing e-cigs among young adults in two populations; (1) 
tobacco naïve young adults susceptible to e-cigarette use and (2) young adults who are current e-
cigarette users. In the first study, appeal and likelihood to use will be assessed among susceptible 
young adults after viewing advertising material for sweet-flavored e-cigarettes presented with and 
without a cooling “icy” component. In the second study, participants will rate the flavor intensity, 
coolness, sweetness, and irritation (burning, stinging) experienced using the generalized Labeled 
Magnitude Scale (gLMS) and liking/disliking using the Labeled Hedonic Scale (LHS) following exposure 
to sweet-flavored nicotine containing e-cigarettes presented with and without a cooling “icy” component. 
Primary Aim 1A (NOT COLLECTED IN THIS PROTOCOL): Examine e-cigarette appeal (liking) 
among youth who are susceptible to future use of e-cigarettes following exposure to advertising 
material (i.e. images) of sweet (fruit, dessert flavored) e-cigarettes with and without a cooling “icy” 
component. We hypothesize that susceptible youth will rate advertising materials with sweet and 
cooling flavor images as more appealing and greater likelihood to use than sweet flavors without a 
cooling flavor image. 
Primary Aim 1B: Examine e-cig appeal and abuse liability (liking, craving and sensory responses in 
laboratory paradigm) among 18–20-year-old current regular e-cigarette users following exposure to 
nicotine salt containing fruit flavored e-cigarettes, with and without menthol) (e.g., Strawberry Chill & 
Strawberry). We will test both flavors in a single session. We hypothesize that inclusion of cooling 
flavors in a sweet e-cigarette will be positively associated with increases in e-cigarette liking and 
reinforcing efficacy as well as craving for sweet-flavored e-cigarettes and negatively associated with 
irritation and harshness. 
 
Exploratory Aim: Explore if e-cigarette use (# days/past month; with/without nicotine) at a 1-month 
follow up is related to liking cooling flavors. 
Specific Aim 2 (Study 2):  Examine if flavors differentially influence reward from nicotine-containing e-
cigs and e-cig use behaviors among younger and older adult combustible tobacco users.   Participants 
will rate liking, nicotine withdrawal and stimulation using the Revised Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) 
2, flavor intensity, coolness, sweetness, and irritation (burning, stinging) experienced using the 
generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) 31,32, and value using the Multiple Choice Questionnaire 
(MCQ; e-cig value) 3
Primary Aim: Examine the influence of flavors (sweet, cool, tobacco) on reward (liking/wanting) from e-
cigs containing one of two nicotine concentrations (6 mg/ml, 18 mg/ml; that vary in harshness), among 
younger and older adult combustible tobacco users following acute tobacco abstinence. We 
hypothesize that younger users will like/want sweet more than menthol or tobacco flavors, while older 
users will like/want tobacco flavors more than cool or sweet flavors. We also hypothesize that cool 
flavors, but not sweet flavors, will alter liking/wanting at the 18 mg/ml nicotine concentration, but not at 
6 mg/ml nicotine. 
Secondary Aim: Examine the influence of flavors on nicotine’s effects on stimulation, harshness, and 
nicotine withdrawal and e-cig value; we expect that liking/wanting for cool flavors, but not sweet or 
tobacco flavors, will be positively associated with nicotine-induced stimulation and withdrawal-
alleviation, but negatively associated with nicotine harshness. 
Exploratory Aim [ON HOLD]: Explore flavor choice during a two-week ad-libitum e-cig use period. We 
expect that younger smokers will use more sweet flavored e-cigs while older smokers will use more 
tobacco flavored e-cigs. We will also explore nicotine-dose related differences in the use of sweet, cool 
and tobacco flavors by younger and older smokers.     
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 3 of 40
Specific Aim 3 (Study 1 & 2): Examine the feasibility and accuracy of a wearable smartband to detect 
e-cigarette puffing behavior. While in the lab for the e-cigarette use sessions, we will have participants 
wear a small smartband on their wrist, on the same hand they use to vape the e-cigarette. They will put 
on the smartband prior to starting the vaping session. The silicone smartband is small and lightweight, 
like a smartwatch or fitbit. The smartband collects movement data from geospatial sensors as the 
participant moves their arm and hand. The sensor data will be used to measure the movement during 
the directed e-cigarette puffing during the lab session. There are no changes to the lab procedure or 
puffing instructions. 
2.
Probable Duration of Project: State the expected duration of the project, including all follow-up 
and data analysis activities.  
5 years
3.
Background: Describe the background information that led to the plan for this project. Provide 
references to support the expectation of obtaining useful scientific data.
Most US tobacco products contain a wide variety of flavorants, with an estimated 7000+ flavors in 
e-cigarettes (e-cigs) alone. Flavors may enhance the appeal of tobacco products by their positive 
attributes (e.g. aroma/taste of sweet flavors) and/or by their ability to ameliorate nicotine/tobacco 
harshness (e.g. cool flavors)1-4. For example, our recent evidence suggests that the cool flavor, 
menthol, improved the taste of inhaled nicotine4, reduced irritation from inhaled nicotine2 and 
enhanced reward from high, but not low, doses of inhaled nicotine 4, among young e-cig users. 
Furthermore, these flavor attributes could differentially impact use behaviors and addiction among 
youth who are experimenting with tobacco products relative to more established users, and among 
those who may be looking to switch to potentially harm-reducing products like e-cigs. 
Understanding the impact of these fundamental flavor attributes on use and addiction to 
tobacco/nicotine is critical to develop and support regulations of flavors in tobacco products. The 
overarching aim of this proposal is to examine the influence of different flavor attributes of popular 
sweet and cooling flavors on the abuse potential and use of e-cigs among susceptible youth and 
adult combustible tobacco users. 
While the Family Tobacco Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) banned the sale of 
cigarettes with added artificial and natural flavors in 2009, menthol is still allowed in cigarettes. 
Even the new FSPTCA regulations (introduced in May 2016) do not address menthol in cigarettes 
or the inclusion of any of the other assortments of flavors or sweeteners in any of the other tobacco 
products (e.g., cigars/cigarillos, hookah, e-cigs). One potential reason for the limited action on 
flavors is the limited scientific evidence on the influence on flavors and sweeteners on nicotine’s 
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Study 1
1 exp. 
sessions + 1 
mos. follow 
up
10 
completers
30 completers 
Analyze 
results
Present at 
annual 
TCORS 
meeting
Study 2
3 exp. 
sessions + 2 
week ad-lib 
use period
10 
completers
20 completers
40 completers
40 
completers
10 completers
Analyze 
results
Present at 
annual 
TCORS 
meeting
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 4 of 40
abuse potential. To support the regulation of tobacco products, the FDA requires rigorous scientific 
information on which to base their rulings and support these rulings in legal challenges. These 
regulatory decisions are further complicated by the multitude of flavors available in tobacco 
products and the constant innovation by the tobacco industry to use flavorant chemicals to enhance 
and maintain appeal for these products.
To understand if and how flavors increase the appeal of tobacco products, it is necessary to 
understand the sensory basis and perceptual attributes of flavors and tobacco. The senses of smell 
(olfaction), taste, temperature and chemesthesis all play central roles in the flavor of tobacco 
products4 Interestingly, menthol, one of the most commonly used tobacco product flavorants 6,7, is 
thought to enhance palatability of nicotine but is in itself also a chemesthetic stimulus which evokes 
cooling 8-11 and burning/stinging sensations at moderate to high concentrations 3.
Interestingly, menthol, one of the most commonly used tobacco product flavorants 5,6, is thought to 
enhance palatability of nicotine but is in itself also a chemesthetic stimulus which evokes cooling 7-10 
and burning/stinging sensations at moderate to high concentrations 11.
Flavored tobacco products are very popular among youth 12-16. In the US, 80% of youth and 73% of 
young adult tobacco users currently use flavored tobacco products 13. We have shown that flavors 
are also one of the main reasons reported by youth for using e-cigs and cigars 17,18. However, 
despite the above epidemiological evidence, there is no data supporting a causal link between the 
appeal of flavors and initiation of use of tobacco products. Flavored tobacco products are also used 
by adult tobacco users, but they appear to be more popular among younger than older adult users. 
For instance, use of flavored cigarettes decreases with age (11.9% among 17-26 yr.-old and 6.7% 
among >26 yr.-old smokers19) and while 42.9% of adult cigar users reported using flavored cigars, 
this rate was greater among younger adults 15. Our evidence suggests that use of flavors is related 
to greater intensity of e-cig use among youth but not among adults. Further, a recent review of 
general flavor preferences 20 observed that children and adolescents had higher preferences for 
sweet tastes and odors when compared with adults, and that bitter and irritant responses become 
muted with increasing age. This raises the question of whether flavors in tobacco products are 
important and necessary for older tobacco users, who may have reduced chemesthesis sensations 
from nicotine/tobacco, may be more nicotine dependent, and may use tobacco primarily for the 
nicotine. 
In addition, variation in taste perception and nicotine aversiveness is a well-known phenomenon in 
humans and may be due to sequence variations in genes coding for taste and nicotinic 
acetylcholine receptors51-54. Thus, to further understand the impact of genetic variation on taste 
perception and nicotine aversiveness in regard to flavored tobacco products, we will analyze 
variations in genes that code for bitter and sweet taste receptors (Tas2R38, Tas1R1, Tas2R7)55, 56, 
and the CHRNA5 gene which is associated with nicotine aversiveness and encodes for a nicotinic 
receptor subunit54.
Another crucial unresolved issue is whether the availability of flavors in potentially harm-reducing 
tobacco/nicotine products are essential to motivate and support the switch from combustible 
tobacco products. For example, as highlighted earlier, e-cigs are being proposed as a harm-
reduction strategy for combustible tobacco users. Therefore, regulatory efforts on e-cigarettes need 
to strike a balance between reducing their appeal to youth at risk of progressing to regular use of 
combustible products and enhancing their appeal to combustible tobacco users seeking to quit 
combustible product use. While flavors and nicotine levels in e-cigs have been identified as features 
that are important to adult cigarette smokers 21-23, there has been limited information on the types of 
flavors that are important to support switching for harm-reduction. At least one initial survey study 
suggests that most adult smokers seemed to prefer e-cigs that tasted like a cigarette 24. In contrast, 
secondary analyses of evidence from a clinical trial that switched smokers to snus or nicotine gum, 
reported that most participants chose to use cool (minty) or fruit flavored products 25.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 5 of 40
Study 1 will use established methodology and sensory experiments to examine the influence of 
sweet and cooling flavors, and combinations thereof, on the appeal and abuse potential of e-cigs 
containing a common nicotine concentrations among young adults with established e-cigarette use. 
This study will also explore if sensory responses to flavors predict emergence in e-cigarette and 
other tobacco use behaviors at one-month follow ups. Additionally, this study will also include a 
component examining liking among susceptible young adults after viewing e-cigarette containing 
images with sweet and cooling flvaors. 
Study 2 will use established experimental methods to examine if different classes of flavors (i.e., 
sweet, cool, tobacco), when combined with nicotine concentrations differing in harshness (6 and 18 
mg/ml) alter appeal and nicotine reward among younger and older combustible tobacco users.  
Importantly, this study will also explore the differential influence of sweet, cool, and tobacco flavors 
on switching from combustible tobacco product use to e-cigarettes, among younger and older adult 
combustible tobacco users. The evidence generated from this novel proposal is crucial to support 
regulations directed at flavors in tobacco/nicotine products like e-cigs, which will likely need to strike 
a balance between reducing the appeal of these products for youth and enhancing their appeal for 
combustible tobacco users looking to switch to use of e-cigs for harm-reduction.
4.
Research Plan: Summarize the study design and research procedures using non-technical 
language that can be readily understood by someone outside the discipline. Be sure to 
distinguish between standard of care vs. research procedures when applicable and include 
any flowcharts of visits specifying their individual times and lengths. Describe the setting in 
which the research will take place.
We propose 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. 
Study 1B:  Examine the influence of sweet and cooling flavors on the appeal and abuse potential of 
nicotine-containing e-cigs among susceptible young adults. Forty young adults (18-20 years of age) 
who have with e-cig use (used at least 10x in lifetime and at least once in the past 30-days) , will 
participate in 1 laboratory session, and receive all the exposures in table below. 
Sweet (Watermelon)
Non-menthol
Menthol
36 mg/ml 
nicotine 
salt
S1-S40
S1-S40
During the session participants will be exposed, in random order, to sweet (watermelon e-liquid) 
with and without menthol, in a 36mg/ml nicotine salt, as nicotine salt is currently the most common 
and popular nicotine formulation among young adult e-cigarette users. Each of the two exposures 
will consist of a single fixed-puff bout (10 puffs; each 3-sec duration, with a 30-sec inter-puff 
interval). These procedures were adapted from our recent work 26 where we used three puff bouts 
to achieve sufficient and sustained increases in nicotine levels, to conduct an adequate test of 
nicotine exposure on outcomes of interest. As we are not examining withdrawal and craving, a 
single puff bout should be sufficient to capture this. Each exposure will be separated 30 minutes to 
allow flavor sensation to dissipate as well as give time for nicotine effects to reduce. Prior to testing, 
subjects will be familiarized with the sensory and hedonic rating scales.27-31 Cotinine and CO levels 
will be used to confirm nicotine/tobacco non-use status. After each exposure, participants will rate 
the flavor intensity, coolness, sweetness, and irritation (burning, stinging) experienced using the 
generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) 31,32, and liking/disliking of the flavor sensation using 
the Labeled Hedonic Scale (LHS)27. These procedures are adapted from our earlier work 2. Follow 
ups: Participants will be contacted at 1-month time-points to determine changes in use of e-cigs 
(with and without nicotine), any health changes, and other tobacco use (number of days used/30 
days) using Timeline Follow-Back methods33-37. We will examine whether the sensory attributes of 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 6 of 40
different flavors observed in the experimental session predicts use of nicotine-containing e-cigs, or 
preference for flavors, during the follow-up periods. 
For the the duration of the study, participants will be given a questionnaire daily to assess COVID 
symptoms they may be experiencing. This survey is in line with Yale’s Return to Campus Protocol 
(https://ypps.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/StayHome.pdf). If yes is endorsed for any symptom, 
the research team will follow up via phone call and ask participant to describe symptoms and rate 
symptom severity. For any symptoms described as severe and unrelated to other causes (e.g. 
headache for someone who is abstaining from their normal caffeine, muscle pain related to a 
workout, symptoms of seasonal allergies), the research team will evaluate the symptoms with a 
study physician. Based on physician recommendation, study participation will be paused until a 
negative COVID test can be produced. All participants will be instructed to contact their doctor 
and/or get a COVID test under these conditions. This COVID symptom check survey will be started 
the day prior to the first in person lab session and will continue through completion of the ad-lib 
period. Participants will not be allowed to complete in person sessions unless the COVID symptom 
checks are completed.
During the lab session, we will have participants wear a small smartband on their wrist, on the same 
hand they use to vape the e-cigarette. The smartband collects movement data from geospatial 
sensors as the participant moves their arm and hand. The sensor data will be used to measure the 
movement during the directed e-cigarette puffing during the lab session. There are no changes to 
the lab procedure or puffing instructions. 
Once the participant arrives at their appointment location, a COVID screening (including 
temperature and symptom check) will be conducted as part of their appointment. If a subject 
answers “yes” to any COVID screening question or has a temperature of ≥100˚F, their appointment 
must be discontinued, they must be escorted from the building and instructed to immediately 
contact their primary health care provide or call the Campus COVID Resource line (203-432-6604). 
Study 2: Examine if flavors differentially influence reward from nicotine-containing e-cigs and e-cig 
use behaviors among younger and older adult combustible tobacco users. 120 cigarette smokers 
(60 young adult users; 60 older adult users) will be randomized into one of two nicotine-
concentration groups (6 or 18 mg/ml); Sex (male, female) and use of mentholated tobacco products 
(yes, no) will be stratifying factors. Within each nicotine condition (6 or 18 mg/ml), participants will 
receive, in counterbalanced order, each of four flavors (tobacco, menthol, cherry and vanilla) during 
four different laboratory sessions separated by at least 24 hrs. 
Nicotine
Flavors (Within Ss Factor) 
(Between Ss Factor)
Tobacco
Menthol
Vanilla
Cherry
6 mg/ml
S1-S60
S1-S60
S1-S60
S1-S60
18 mg/ml
S70-S120
S70-S120
S70-S120
S70-S120
Puff Bouts
Set up and 
baseline 
assessments
10 
Puffs 
Break
10 
Puffs
Break
10 
Puffs
End of lab 
assessments
15 mins
5min
10 
min
5min
10 
min
5min
15 minutes
Participants will be required to be abstinent from cigarettes for 12 hrs. (CO level <9 ppm) prior to 
each session, which will consist of 3 fixed-puffing bouts (10 puffs; each 3-sec duration, with a 30-
sec inter-puff interval); each fixed-puff bout will be separated by 10 min (see Table above).  These 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 7 of 40
procedures were adapted from our recent work 26 where we used three puff bouts to achieve 
sufficient and sustained increases in nicotine levels, to conduct an adequate test of nicotine 
exposure on outcomes of interest. Per our current practice, we will record timed instructions for 
each puffing bout and participants will be trained to follow these directions. Nicotine/cotinine levels 
will be monitored using saliva samples obtained at baseline and then at the end of each puff bout. 
Prior to testing, participants will be familiarized with the assessments and trained in how to puff e-
cigs. Training will be conducted using e-cigs that contain the base liquid of 50% propylene 
glycol/50% vegetable glycerin.
The Revised Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ; e-cig liking/wanting, nicotine withdrawal, and 
stimulation) 2,  Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ; e-cig value) 3 will be assessed after each 10-
puff exposure period (see below for the list of assessments). 
During the lab session, we will have participants wear a small smartband on their wrist, on the same 
hand they use to vape the e-cigarette. The smartband collects movement data from geospatial 
sensors as the participant moves their arm and hand. The sensor data will be used to measure the 
movement during the directed e-cigarette puffing during the lab session. There are no changes to 
the lab procedure or puffing instructions. 
[ON HOLD – Exploratory Outcome] Immediately after the last session is completed, participants will 
start a 2-week ad-libitum e-cig use period.  During this period, we will provide participants with the 3 
e-cigs that they tried during the laboratory sessions (containing the nicotine level they were 
assigned to [6 or 18 mg/ml] in combination with each of the three flavors (tobacco, menthol, 
strawberry/vanilla). We will provide participants with new pods on a weekly basis (or more 
frequently if needed depending on use patterns) and collect the used ones. Once weekly, subjects 
will return for an appointment to receive new e-cigarette pods filled with e-liquid and we will collect 
the used pods. During appointments held at our clinic, we will ask subjects about their e-cigarettes 
and cigarette use, how they are feeling, and we will collect CO levels, blood pressure and heart 
rate, and a measure of how well the subject’s lungs work by measuring how much air they exhale 
and how quickly. We well also collect pulse oximetry, which measures how well oxygen is being 
sent through the body. This appointment should only take approximately 30 minutes to complete. 
Participants will be told to only use the e-cigs provided and not smoke combustible tobacco 
products or use other non-study-related tobacco products during this period. We will emphasize the 
importance of not sharing their e-cigs with others, or mixing e-liquids, and provide individuals with a 
single disposable mouthpiece for each pod. The pods will be weighed and labeled before they are 
given to the participants and will be weighed again when they are returned to determine how much 
e-liquid was used from each. The outcome will be the amount of e-liquid of each flavor (tobacco, 
menthol, strawberry/vanilla) that was used during this 2-wk period. 
We will also ask subjects to fill out a short online questionnaire remotely every day assessing their 
craving and feelings regarding not using cigarettes. 
Abstinence from combustible tobacco products will be reinforced using monetary incentives for daily 
negative CO levels < 9 ppm.  We have extensive experience using incentives to support cigarette 
abstinence among youth 27,28 and have also successfully used these procedures to ensure 100% 
cigarette abstinence among adult smokers prior to PET neuroimaging and other experiments29-31. 
More recently we have successfully adapted these procedures for use via mobile phones among 
treatment-seeking adolescent smokers (n=15) and observed that 60% of the participants had 
biochemically verified abstinence following four weeks of mobile-phone CM implementation32. We 
expect higher rates in the proposed study because participants will have access to nicotine 
containing e-cigs as an alternative to cigarettes. For the current study, we will assess and provide 
daily incentives for cigarette abstinence assessed using CO < 9 ppm.  CO levels will be obtained 
during appointments held in our clinic once weekly or during online appointments. For online 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 8 of 40
appointments, participants will be given a microCO monitor to take home with them and will learn to 
use their mobile phones to video record themselves showing the CO monitor being reset, exhaling 
into the CO monitor, and the final reading on the display. All video clips will have a date and a 
timestamp and participants will upload it directly to the secure study website from their phones. We 
will text participants at random times and they will have the option of either taking and transmitting a 
video of themselves providing a CO level, or communicating with us via Facetime or Skype. If 
participants do not have a cell phone, we can loan them a cell phone for the duration of the study. 
Participants will be paid daily ($5) for negative CO levels and completion of online questionnaires 
($5); payments will be withheld for positive CO levels. They will also receive incentives for coming 
into our clinic every other day (or daily if needed) to receive refills on their e-liquids, at which time 
we will also weigh all their e-cig pods and document how much has been used.  Thus, through use 
of monetary incentives we will ensure combustible tobacco abstinence and use of e-cigs. 
During the duration of the study, participants will be given a questionnaire daily to assess COVID 
symptoms they may be experiencing. This survey is in line with Yale’s Return to Campus Protocol 
(https://ypps.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/StayHome.pdf). If yes is endorsed for any symptom, 
the research team will follow up via phone call and ask participant to describe symptoms and rate 
symptom severity. For any symptoms described as severe and unrelated to other causes (i.e. 
headache for someone who is abstaining from their normal caffeine, muscle pain related to a 
workout, symptoms of seasonal allergies), the research team will evaluate the symptoms with a 
study physician. Based on physician recommendation, study participation will be paused until a 
negative COVID test can be produced. All participants will be instructed to contact their doctor 
and/or get a COVID test under these conditions. This COVID symptom check survey will be started 
the day prior to the first in person lab session and will continue through completion of the ad-lib 
period. Participants will not be allowed to complete in person sessions unless the COVID symptom 
checks are completed.
Once participant arrive at their appointment location, a COVID screening (including temperature 
and symptom check ) will be conducted as part of their appointment.  If a subject answers “yes” to 
any COVID screening question or has a temperature of ≥100˚F, their appointment must be 
discontinued, they must be escorted from the building to a separate isolation tent outside the facility 
(if appointment is at CMHC), and instructed to immediately contact their primary health care provide 
or call the Campus COVID Resource line (203-432-6604). At satellite sites at which research staff 
are themselves conducting primary symptom screening outside the building as described above, 
participants will not be escorted to an isolation tent, but instructed to immediately contact their 
primary health care provider or call the Campus COVID Resource line (203-432-6604).
Participants will be contacted at 1 month and 6 months to determine if they continued to use e-cigs 
(with and without nicotine) and other tobacco (# days used/30 days) using Timeline Follow-Back 
methods33-36. 
a) Assessments
1.
General Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) 32 (Study 1, Study 2): In Study 1 gLMS ratings will be 
obtained following each puff exposure and in Study 2 following each 10-puff bout. Participants will 
rate overall intensity, sweetness, coolness, irritation using the gLMS which is a category ratio scale 
with 7 semantic labels: “no sensation”, “barely detectable”, “weak”, “moderate”, “strong”, “very 
strong”, and “strongest imaginable”. The labels are positioned quasi-logarithmically according to 
their empirically determined semantic magnitudes37. The gLMS will be displayed on a monitor via a 
custom LabView® program, and participants will make their ratings using a mouse. Ratings are 
numerically transformed and then used for statistical analyses. 
2.
Labeled Hedonic Scale (LHS)38 (Study 1, Study 2): Liking will be assessed after each flavor 
exposure using the LHS scale. The LHS is a bipolar scale with “neutral” in the middle and 5 
symmetrical semantic labels: “like/dislike slightly”, “like/dislike moderately”, “like/dislike very much”, 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 9 of 40
“like/dislike extremely”, “most liked/disliked imaginable”, positioned on the scale according to their 
semantic magnitude. The LHS yields ratio-level data on the magnitude of liking/disliking of 
sensation equivalent to that produced by magnitude estimation (ME). This scale will also be 
displayed on a computer screen as above and numerically transformed.
3.
E-cig Effects (Adapted from Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ)26 (Study 1, Study 2): A modified 
version of the Drug Effects Questionnaire 2,39 will be used in which participants will rate acute 
responses to the e-cig on a 0 to 100 mm scale, from “not at all” to “extremely.” Following each 10-
puff bout, we will assess E-cig Liking/Wanting (average of “I feel good e-cig effects”, “I want more of 
that e-cig I received”, “I feel the e-cig strength” and “I like the e-cig effect”). At baseline and 
following each fixed-dose bout, we will also assess Stimulant effects (average of “I feel energized” 
and “I feel high”), and Nicotine Withdrawal (average of “I feel sleepy”, “I feel angry”, “I feel irritable”, 
“I am having difficulty concentrating”, “I feel restless” and “I feel hungry”). 
4.
Multiple Choice Questionnaire to assess e-cig value (Adapted from Multiple Choice Procedure 
(MCP)3,26 (Study 1, Study 2):  At the end of each fixed-10-puff period, participants will be asked to 
make discrete hypothetical choices between 10-puffs of the e-cig they had just used or a series of 
44 monetary values ($0.25-$15.06). The minimum monetary value at which money is chosen over 
the e-cig puffs is a contingency-based estimate of e-cig value. At the end of each lab session, 
participants will be given a choice between another 10 e-cig puffs or one of the monetary amounts 
they picked in the MCPs completed earlier. 
5.
Asthma Control Test40 (Study 1, Study 2): At intake, at every in-person visit, and at follow up 
appointments, participants will be asked to rate their asthma symptoms on a 1-5 scale, from “all of 
the time” to “none of the time”. This five-question health survey is used to measure asthma control 
in individuals 12 years and older
6.
Fatigue41 (Study 1, Study 2): At intake, at every in-person visit, and at follow up appointments, 
we will use the 7-item PROMIS measure of fatigue which rates fatigue from 1=” never” to 5=” 
always”.
7.
Shortness of Breath (Study 1, Study 2): At intake, at every in-person visit, and at follow up 
appointments, we will use the 5-item PROMIS measure of dyspnea which rates shortness of breath 
from 1-10. Items include: shortness of breath in general, intensity of shortness of breath, frequency 
of shortness of breath and duration of shortness of breath. 
8.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels (Study 1, Study 2): CO levels in exhaled breath will be measured 
using a MicroCO breath CO monitor and levels of < 6 ppm will be used to ensure abstinence prior to 
the lab sessions, during the 2-week ad-libitum use period [ad lib portion ON HOLD] (Study 2), and at 
the follow-ups (Study 1).
9.
Urine Cotinine levels (Study 1, Study 2): Cotinine levels are accurate indicators of tobacco use 
even among adolescents42,43 Urine samples will be obtained at intake to verify eligibility for Study 1 
and 2 and prior to the start of each laboratory session. We will also assess cotinine levels once a 
week during the ad-lib session of Study 2 [ad lib portion ON HOLD]. Cotinine levels will be determined 
using LC/MS by the YCSTP core laboratory.
10. Salivary Nicotine and Cotinine levels (Study 1, Study 2):  In Study 1, salivary samples for 
nicotine and Cotinine levels will be obtained at baseline, at the end of each exposure, and then 
again at the beginning of each exposure (10 samples). In Study 2, saliva samples will be obtained 
at baseline, and following each 10-puff bout (4 samples). In addition, cotinine levels will be 
assessed during each week during the ad-lib period. To try to avoid contamination from buccal 
nicotine, participants will be asked to rinse their mouths prior to providing each sample. These 
levels will be used for correlational analyses with behavioral measures and will be determined using 
LC/MS techniques at the core laboratory of the YCSTP.
11. Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Pulse Oximetry, Pregnancy Test, Spirometry (Study 1, Study 2): 
These measures will be assessed to monitor health status at baseline and throughout the study at 
each in-person visit. Heart rate, spirometry, and blood pressure will be assessed. Pulse oximetry is 
the measurement of the oxygen in the blood. We will administer pregnancy tests to all female 
participants at baseline and every lab visit.  
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 10 of 40
12. Health assessment checklist (Study 1, Study 2): we will also monitor checklist of health 
symptoms (e.g., headaches, dizziness, fainting, nausea, diarrhea) and severity of these symptoms 
that could be related to nicotine exposure/vaping illness at each in-person visit and at follow up 
appointments. 
13. Qualitative Interview (Study 1): At the end of sessions, all participants will answer qualtitaitve 
questions comparing the experience between the e-liquids sampled. 
14. Exit interview (Study 2): All participants will receive an exit interview to assess their subjective 
experiences with the e-cigarettes at the end of the ad-lib period. 
15. COVID Symptom Checklist (Study 1, Study 2): We will monitor COVID symptoms daily. 
Participants with symptoms deemed potentially related to COVID will not be allowed for in-person 
visits. 
Additional Assessments to be Completed at Intake and Follow-up:  
Demographic Information (Study 1, Study 2: At Intake; updated at follow up):  Age, race, marital 
status, educational and occupational levels and medical history will be assessed with interviews 
and self-report forms. 
PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 4a (Study 1, Study 2: At intake): Physical functioning will 
be assessed as part of the medical history using the following four items: (1) Are you able to do 
chores such as vacuuming or yard work?, (2) Are you able to go for a walk of at least 15 
minutes?, (3) Are you able to run errands and shop?, (4) Are you able to go up and down stairs at 
a normal pace?  Response options for these questions are “Without any difficulty”, “With a little 
difficulty”, “With some difficulty”, “With much difficulty” and “Unable to do so”. 
Nicotine Dependence (Study 1: At Intake & Follow up; Study 2: At Intake; Post two-week ad-lib 
period): We will use the 8-item PROMIS measure of nicotine dependence developed for 
cigarettes 44 and which we have validated for e-cigs45, which shows internal consistency & 
measurement invariance across sex and race. 
Tobacco Use History Questionnaire (Study 1, 2: At Intake, updated at Follow-up): Self-reports will 
be obtained from all participants; questions will be benchmarked to the NIDA PATH data. 
Timeline Follow Back Interview 35,36 (Study 1 Intake, Follow Up, Study 2: At Intake, Laboratory 
Period, Ad-Lib Period and Follow Up):  Use of cigarettes and e-cigs (with or without nicotine) will 
be examined using a 30-day TLFB at intake, laboratory sessions, ad-lib period, and follow-ups. 
Test-retest reliability is high in adult smokers, and we have used it with younger smokers46 and 
those with e-cigarette experience.
Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Questionnaire, Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (Study 2: At 
Intake, Laboratory Period, Ad-Lib Period and Follow Up)47,48: Change in nicotine withdrawal and 
smoking urges over the course of the study will be assessed using the Minnesota Nicotine 
Withdrawal Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges, which have been well-
validated in cigarette smokers. 
Exit Interview (Study 2, Final Outpatient Interview, ON HOLD): An exit interview will be 
administered to participants at the end of their outpatient period. This will qualitatively explore 
their thoughts on the cigarette sample, how it is similar or dissimilar to cigarettes and what they 
liked and disliked about the vaping experience.
5.
Genetic Testing   
N/A ☐
A. Describe
i.
the types of future research to be conducted using the materials, specifying if 
immortalization of cell lines, whole exome or genome sequencing, genome wide 
association studies, or animal studies are planned We plan to use the samples to 
conduct pharmacogenomics studies related to the targeted neurochemical systems. For 
example, since we are investigating the effect of e-liquid flavors on the appeal of e-
cigarettes in adult established smokers (study 2), we will explore the role of various 
genetic markers relating to bitter and sweet taste receptors and nicotine aversion in 
these subjects. The samples may also be stored for future research to examine other 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 11 of 40
genes related to tobacco product use. For this we may look through genetic markers 
throughout the participant’s genomes to identify one or more markers near, or within 
genes, influencing risk of tobacco product use. We will decode all or part of the 
sequence of their DNA. We may also study genes that influence other behaviors and 
characteristics that may be related to tobacco product use such as alcohol drinking or 
impulsivity. We may also study other substances in the blood to help us learn more 
about genetic variation, gene effects, characteristics, and different population groups. 
The DNA will also be used to study differences in genes and sequences between 
individuals. Results from these genetic studies will be shared with public databases (per 
our data sharing agreement with NIH) but no personal identifying information will be 
shared.
ii.
the plan for the collection of material or the conditions under which material will be 
received
The genetics saliva samples will be collected at the time of physical exam from those 
who have consented to providing these samples. The samples will be stored in a -20-
degree Celsius freezer prior to being de-identified and transported to Dr. Gelernter’s lab.
i.
the types of information about the donor/individual contributors that will be entered into a 
database The PI will retain identifiable information about each sample that is collected. 
The samples identified by code and stripped of any identifiers prior to being transported 
to Dr. Gelernter’s lab.
ii.
the methods to uphold confidentiality Identifiers will be stored in a locked file cabinet at 
the PI’s Office
B. What are the conditions or procedures for sharing of materials and/or distributing for future 
research projects? Genetic testing will only be conducted for research purposes and the results 
will be available to investigators on this study. Eventually, DNA extracted may be available to 
any qualified researcher; so, will some of the genetic information from the DNA.
C. Is widespread sharing of materials planned? Yes
D.  When and under what conditions will materials be stripped of all identifiers? The PI will retain 
identifiable information about each sample that is collected. The samples identified by code and 
stripped of any identifiers prior to being transported to Dr. Gelernter’s lab. All samples are made 
anonymous prior to distribution. Some of the investigators may have commercial interests.
E.    Can donor-subjects withdraw their materials at any time, and/or withdraw the identifiers that 
connect them to their materials?  Donors will be told during the consenting process that they 
can choose to withdraw their materials at any time
i.
How will requests to withdraw materials be handled (e.g., material no longer identified: 
that is, anonymized) or material destroyed)? Donors will be told to contact the PI directly 
to request withdrawal of participation
F.  Describe the provisions for protection of participant privacy The PI will retain identifiable 
information about each sample that is collected. The samples identified by code and stripped of 
any identifiers prior to being transported to Dr. Gelernter’s lab
G. Describe the methods for the security of storage and sharing of materials the identifiers will be 
stored in a locked file cabinet at the PI’s office.
6.
Subject Population: Provide a detailed description of the types of human subjects who will be 
recruited into this study.
160 healthy participants (50% female) will be recruited. 
Study 1: 40 participants will be 18-20, have used e-cigs at least 10 times (with use reported in the 
past 30-days)
Study 2: 120 participants will be 21-50 years of age; Adult daily smokers with a least some e-cigarette 
experience (at least 10 uses in the past six months, less than weekly use currently, no strong 
flavor/device preferences) not currently seeking to quit smoking. 
    
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 12 of 40
7. Subject classification: Check off all classifications of subjects that will be specifically recruited for 
enrollment in the research project. Will subjects who may require additional safeguards or other 
considerations be enrolled in the study? If so, identify the population of subjects requiring special 
safeguards and provide a justification for their involvement.
☒Children
☐ Healthy 
☐Fetal material, placenta, or dead fetus
☐Non-English Speaking
☐ Prisoners
☐Economically disadvantaged 
persons
☐Decisionally Impaired
☐ Employees
☐Pregnant women and/or fetuses
☐Yale Students 
☐ Females of childbearing potential
NOTE: Is this research proposal designed to enroll children who are wards of the state as potential 
subjects?
Yes ☐  No ☒ 
8. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: What are the criteria used to determine subject inclusion or 
exclusion?
Study 1:
Inclusion Criteria:
(1) Ages 18-20
(2) Able to read and write
(3) Have used e-cigs at least 10 times in lifetime
(4) Have used flavored e-cigs
(5) Have used e-cigs in the past 30 days
(6) Cotinine level >200 ng/ml (indicating recent cotinine use)
Exclusion Criteria: 
(1)  Current criteria for moderate or severe cannabis and alcohol use disorder as per DSM-V criteria. 
(2)  Current criteria for mild, moderate or severe substance use disorder on any other psychoactive 
substances as per DSM-V criteria except for tobacco use disorder 
(3)  Use of psychoactive drugs including anxiolytics, antidepressants, and other psychostimulants 
unless prescribed and stable for two months
(4)  Current diagnosis of any severe psychiatric disorder.
(5)
Any significant current medical condition such as neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, 
or hepatic pathology that would increase risk or would interfere with/mimic tobacco abstinence
(6)
Known hypersensitivity to propylene glycol. 
(7)
Pregnant or lactating females.
(8) Uncontrolled asthma (defined as <20 on Asthma Control Test AND/OR endorsement of “yes” to 
environmentally induced bronchospasm that requires prescription Epipen
(9) Medical conditions, including chronic and untreated acute pulmonary conditions, that in the 
investigators view will increase risk of respiratory problems among participants
(10) Nut allergy or known allergy to e-liquids and/or their flavorants
(11) Report of greater than “without any difficulty” on any item of the PROMIS Physical Function 
Short Form 
(14) For current THC vapers: Any report of mild or great EVALI-related symptoms (i.e. cough, 
shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, or weight 
loss) without non-EVALI reasonable and proximal cause
(15) Not fully vaccinated against COVID-19
Study 2:
Inclusion Criteria:
(1)
Ages 21--50 years
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 13 of 40
(2)
Able to read and write
(3)
Smoking cigarettes or cigars daily for at least the past 30 days (month)
(4)
urine cotinine levels of at least 200ng/mL
(5)
Willing to abstain from regular smoking for 2 weeks and use only e-cigs [Ad-lib portion of the 
study on hold; this inclusion criteria is ON HOLD until ad lib portion is resumed]
(6)
Not seeking treatment to stop smoking
(7)   Use of e-cigarettes at least 10 times in the past six months
     (8)  Do not plan to discontinue e-cigarette use
(9)   Have not stopped use due to COVID
(10)   Do not have a strong preference for a flavor or a device
Exclusion Criteria:
(1)  Current criteria for moderate or severe cannabis and alcohol use disorder as per DSM-V criteria. 
(2)  Current criteria for mild, moderate or severe substance use disorder on any other psychoactive 
substances as per DSM-V criteria except for tobacco use disorder 
(3)  Use of psychoactive drugs including anxiolytics, antidepressants, and other psychostimulants 
unless prescribed and stable for two months
(4)  Current diagnosis of any severe psychiatric disorder.
(5)
Any significant current medical condition such as neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, 
or hepatic pathology that would increase risk or would interfere with/mimic tobacco abstinence
(6)
Known hypersensitivity to propylene glycol. 
(7)
Pregnant or lactating females.
(8) Uncontrolled asthma (defined as <20 on Asthma Control Test AND/OR endorsement of “yes” to 
environmentally induced bronchospasm that requires prescription Epipen
(9) Medical conditions, including chronic and untreated acute pulmonary conditions, that in the 
investigators view will increase risk of respiratory problems among participants
(10) Nut allergy or known allergy to e-liquids and/or their flavorants
(11) Report of greater than “without any difficulty” on any item of the PROMIS Physical Function 
Short Form 
(14) For current THC vapers: Any report of mild or great EVALI-related symptoms (i.e. cough, 
shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, or weight 
loss) without non-EVALI reasonable and proximal cause
(15) Not fully vaccinated against COVID-19
9. How will eligibility be determined, and by whom? 
Eligibility for Study 1B :
Participants will complete consent.  During this process, all limits to confidentiality will be clearly 
explained. Following this, the participants will meet with the research assistant to obtain initial 
assessments. Medical and substance abuse histories, urine drug and pregnancy tests, breath CO and 
urine cotinine levels will be obtained from all participants. 
The genetics saliva samples will be collected at the time of physical exam from those who have 
consented to providing these samples. The samples will be stored in a -20-degree Celsius freezer prior 
to being de-identified and transported to Dr. Gelernter’s lab.
Eligibility for Study 2:
Participants will complete consent, all questionnaires, medical history, and psychological evaluation 
remotely. If eligible following administration of remote intake, participants will come in for a very brief 
visit in which a brief physical and biochemical measure collection (including urine sample, carbon 
monoxide reading, blood pressure). If subject is suspected to be intoxicated at intake visit, a 
breathalyzer will be performed.  If the BAC level is > 0.05, we will ask the subject to remain in the clinic 
and we will repeat the breathalyzer periodically.  During this time, medical procedures (e.g. urine, etc.) 
may be done based on the judgement of the provider; no self-report type assessments will be 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 14 of 40
administered.  The subject’s BAC level must be <0.05 for subject to leave the clinic, otherwise a friend 
can be called, or other transportation can be arranged.
As in Study 1, medical and substance abuse histories (including tobacco and marijuana use), urine 
drug and pregnancy tests, breath CO and urine cotinine levels will be obtained from all participants. All 
participants will receive a physical exam and a psychological evaluation to determine eligibility. If they 
have consented to genetic study, saliva will be obtained (2ml).  If all the study criteria are met and 
consent is obtained, the research assistant will work with the participant to set up the experimental 
schedule.
10. Risks: Describe the reasonably foreseeable risks, including risks to subject privacy, discomforts, or 
inconveniences associated with subjects participating in the research. 
Experiencing nicotine withdrawal: During the abstinence period prior to the lab sessions in Study 2, 
participants may experience symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, such as nicotine craving, mild anxiety, 
restlessness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, loss of energy and excessive hunger.  These are normal 
symptoms that people experience when they stop smoking and they can be uncomfortable, but they are 
not life threatening. 
Breath, saliva and urine collections:  Breath screening, saliva, and urine collections should add no risks other 
than those normally associated with these procedures. 
Rating Scales and Assessments:  These are all noninvasive and should add no risk.  The major 
disadvantages are the time taken to complete them, and possible breach of confidentiality.  Our past 
experience with these measures indicates that they are acceptable to subjects.  
Use of electronic cigarette:  The requirement of having had  experience with e-cigs reduces the risk for 
young adults in Study 1 from experiencing adverse reaction to an e-cig. Additionally, participants will 
have recent (past 30 day) e-cigarette use and must have urine cotinine levels indicating they use 
nicotine products (>200 ng/ml). This level of cotinine will indicate that participants are regular e-
cigarette users and reduce the likelihood of adverse effects related to nicotine administration such as 
nausea, vomiting, and/or dizziness. Furthermore, in Study 1 we chose a nicotine concentration of 
36mg/ml in a nicotine salt formulation (equivalent to 3.6%) as this is lower nicotine concentration than 
popular JUUL (5%) and disposeable e-cigarette device formulations (5-7%). We have used similar 
procedures with adult tobacco users. Subjects will be told that participation is voluntary, and they can 
stop anytime if they want to and/or if they experience adverse events from nicotine or flavor exposure. 
Additionally, participants will be offered light snacks to reduce the incidence of nausea from nicotine 
administration that may be heightened by administration of nicotine on an empty stomach. 
In conducting this research, we will comply with applicable institutional, federal, state, and local 
requirements (including CDC and state of Connecticut guidelines), and other applicable policies 
regarding pauses and reactivation of in-person research, public health precautions (daily monitoring of 
COVID19 checks for staff, face masks, testing, etc.), and work precautions (physical distancing, shift 
work, use of PPE, etc.). Prior to implementation of the study, and in addition to receiving IRB approval, 
a request to activate/re-activate our study, including a review of our safety plan, will be submitted and 
approved by the Human Subject Research (HSR) Review Committee or the OffCampus Research and 
Fieldwork Committee (OCRFC) as applicable. In addition, the information in the “Research Participant 
Information Sheet - Important Information about the COVID-19 Pandemic and Research Participation” 
will be discussed with research participants prior to an in-person visit (and provided to the participant 
prior to a visit, if possible) and documented in the research participant and/or study file as appropriate.
In Study 2, the participants are current cigarette smokers, and are, therefore, already self-administering 
higher doses of nicotine (we will require cotinine > 200ng/mL). Also, we will use nicotine concentrations 
that are in the range commonly used by both younger and older combustible tobacco users should 
therefore, be sufficient to relieve nicotine withdrawal and have positive effects. 
Participants will be informed about the following CDC information about vaping: 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 15 of 40
There have been recent reported cases of severe pulmonary illness linked to “vaping” or e-cigarette 
use. These cases included symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, fatigue, 
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain. Some patients reported symptoms to have occurred 
over a few days and some reported to have occurred over a few weeks. Vaping-related disorders have 
ranged from mild to severe with hospitalization, intensive care with breathing machines and in some 
cases death. In most cases, but not all, people experiencing these symptoms were using cannabidiol 
(CBD) and marijuana (THC) e-liquids, and/or using e-cigarette devices and e-liquids that were mixed at 
home or purchased off market (such as purchasing an e-liquid or device on the street, not from a 
licensed retailer). Laboratory data shows that Vitamin E Acetate, an additive in some THC-containing e-
cigarette or vaping products is strongly linked to EVALI.
The Center for Disease Control (www.cdc.gov) has issued the following information on vaping: 

CDC and FDA recommend that people not use THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products, 
particularly from informal sources like friends, family, or in-person or online dealers.

Vitamin E acetate should not be added to any e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Additionally, 
people should not add any other substances not intended by the manufacturer to products, 
including products purchased through retail establishments.

Adults using nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products as an alternative to cigarettes 
should not go back to smoking; they should weigh all available information and consider 
using FDA-approved smoking cessation medications. If they choose to use e-cigarettes as an 
alternative to cigarettes, they should completely switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes and not 
partake in an extended period of dual use of both products that delays quitting smoking 
completely. They should contact their healthcare professional if they need help quitting tobacco 
products, including e-cigarettes, as well as if they have concerns about EVALI.

E-cigarette, or vaping, products (nicotine- or THC-containing) should never be used by youths, 
young adults, or women who are pregnant.

Adults who do not currently use tobacco products should not start using e-cigarette, or vaping, 
products.

THC use has been associated with a wide range of health effects, particularly with prolonged 
frequent use. The best way to avoid potentially harmful effects is to not use THC-containing e-
cigarette, or vaping, products.

Persons engaging in ongoing cannabis use that leads to significant impairment or distress 
should seek evidence-based treatment by a healthcare professional.
The e-cigarettes and e-liquid pods that we will use in the current study are purchased only from a 
licensed retailer and do not contain CBD, THC, or Vitamin E Acetate. At this time, we don’t know what 
the risks associated with the use of the e-cigarettes and e-liquids, flavors, etc. that we use in this study 
are, and who might develop symptoms. The pods we are giving participants contain nicotine, solvents, 
and flavorings. We will ask participants to only use the e-cigarette pods provided and inform them not 
attempt to hack or modify the e-cigarette device in any way.
E-cigarettes contain other chemicals besides nicotine including propylene glycol/vegetable 
glycol/vegetable glycerin. At this time, we do not know the risks associated with the propylene glycol/ 
vegetable glycerin that may in the fillers in the liquids used in this study. However, there may be 
unforeseen risks (such as allergic reactions). Participants will be asked not to participate if they have 
known allergies to propylene glycol (a constituent in e-liquids), known allergies to any e-liquids 
flavorants, and/or nut allergies (as our e-liquids are made in a facility in which they could have come in 
contact with nuts). We will be using e-liquids that are freely available for purchase and the propylene 
glycol/vegetable glycerin doses will be what is available in these e-liquids. Some research has indicated 
that in large doses propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin can be harmful. All levels of e-liquids 
administered in this research study are below any potentially harmful levels. Additionally, participants 
may report the experience of a burning sensation or irritation during use of the e-cigarette. However, 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 16 of 40
the participants will be allowed to stop the session at any point if they experience any side effect. 
Research staff will monitor e-cigarette use during the lab session. 
We will assess your health at the intake to make sure you are healthy prior to participating and will 
continue to monitor your health closely during the study. 
All participants will have an extensive medical history evaluation reviewed by the study APRN and be 
deemed healthy prior to participation and will continue to monitor their health closely during the study. 
Participants will be informed that if they experience any symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, chest 
pain, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, or weight loss) or have other concerns, 
that they should let us know and also let their doctor know right away. Any participants reporting mild or 
moderate respiratory symptoms will be referred to their primary care physician They will be informed to 
the emergency room right away if their symptoms are severe increase rapidly. It is possible that the 
hospital may report cases of illness after using e-cigarettes to the State Health Department and the 
CDC. The report will contain the name and address of the person who is ill. Given the risk of THC 
vaping and EVALI, participants who report THC vaping and have endorsement of these symptoms at 
baseline without reasonable and proximal cause will be ineligible. If these participants develop 
symptoms during the study without reasonable and proximal cause, they will be withdrawn.   
The lab sessions will be conducted by trained research staff who are sensitive to the smoking 
population and trained to monitor any potential adverse effects. Heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse 
oximetry will be assessed at baseline and every in-person visit for safety. If they experience any side 
effects or concerns during the study, we ask them to let us know. Participants will be told that they are 
able to stop the study at any point. If they feel any discomfort or need to stop for any reason, they can 
let the research team know. We will also provide participants with referral sources to quit smoking if 
they are interested.
Nicotine, menthol and sweet flavor administration: Common side effects of nicotine include nausea, 
vomiting, heartburn, and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. Toxic doses of nicotine may cause 
abdominal pain, hypersalivation, diarrhea, dizziness, confusion, hearing and vision problems, syncope, 
seizures, hypotension, irregular pulse, and death. However, these toxic effects occur at doses 40 to 50 
times higher than those that will be used in our studies. Moreover, by recruiting participants who 
already have experience with tobacco products, including e-cigs, we will further mitigate the risk of 
these side effects. Furthermore, our adult sample will be those who are regular users of combustible 
tobacco and the e-cigarette nicotine concentrations that will be used are in the range commonly used 
by both youth and adults. Nicotine intake during pregnancy may be associated with increased risk for 
spontaneous abortion, increased perinatal mortality and with low infant birth weights.  We will exclude 
women who are pregnant or nursing from this study.
Menthol administration produces typical sensory effects in the mouth and throat. The doses of menthol 
that are found in cough drops, ranging 1 to 10 mg are regarded to be safe (Sweetman, 2011). In spite 
of ubiquitous use of menthol in a wide range of products, only few cases of menthol poisoning have 
been described in the literature following very high doses of menthol ingestion, 200 mg or 
more.  Menthol poisoning reported to cause ataxia, confusion, coma, nausea, and vomiting. However, 
these toxic effects occur at doses 20 to 30 times that which will be used in our studies. 
We are not aware of any toxic effects from the sweet flavors being used in this study but participants 
will be told that if they feel any adverse events or want to stop they are free to do so. We will also 
monitor for adverse events. 
Limits to confidentiality: All participants will be specifically told that we will not reveal any personal 
information collected as part of the research procedures, including their reported use of cigarettes, e-cigs 
and other substance use history. However, there is always the possibility that participation in this study 
may make others, such as friends and family members, aware of their tobacco use status. They will be 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 17 of 40
told that if they do not feel comfortable with this, then they should not participate in the project.  They will 
also be told that if they report any information to us about abuse or homicidal/suicidal behavior, we will be 
required to report this information to the appropriate authorities. 
11. Minimizing Risks: Describe the manner in which the above-mentioned risks will be minimized.
Recruitment and Informed Consent Recruitment for Study 1 will be conducted via a variety of 
methods. We will utilize Craigslist, flyers, Reddit, and social media to recruit. All participants recruited 
via Craigslist, flyers, Reddit, and social media will be referred to ongoing cessation studies or given 
cessation materials at the end of the current study. 
Recruitment for Study 2 will be through advertisements on Craigslist, Facebook, flyers in the 
community, radio and novelties (e.g. matchbooks, bottle openers, tic tacs, coasters, etc). At the initial 
intake session, potential participants will sign informed consent and complete initial assessments. As in 
Study 1, medical and substance abuse histories, urine drug and pregnancy tests, breath CO and urine 
cotinine levels will be obtained from all participants. All participants will receive an extensive medical 
history evaluation reviewed by the study APRN and a psychological evaluation to determine eligibility.  
If all the study criteria are met and consent is obtained, the research assistant will work with the 
participant to set up the experimental schedule.
12. Data and Safety Monitoring Plan: Include an appropriate Data and Safety Monitoring Plan 
(DSMP) based on the investigator’s risk assessment stated below. (Note: the HIC will make the 
final determination of the risk to subjects.)
a. 
What is the investigator’s assessment of the overall risk level for subjects participating in 
this study? Greater than minimal risk
b.
If children are involved, what is the investigator’s assessment of the overall risk level for 
the children participating in this study? Minor increase over minimal risk
This study presents greater than minimal risk given that we will be providing participants with an
electronic cigarette in a lab. However, we will reduce risk by:
Obtaining consent from >18 year old’s
Requiring  experience with e-cigs.
Using well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and physical exams and clinical psychological 
evaluations to rule pre-existing medical conditions. 
Monitoring use of e-cigs and cigarettes at follow ups
Providing a motivational session with a clinical psychologist or licensed social worker at the 
end of all procedures to inform participants about the potential risks of e-cigarette and other 
tobacco use behaviors and to discourage using these products in the future. 
Providing a motivational session with a clinical psychologist or licensed social worker at the 
end of Study 2 to encourage them to stop using with referral to tobacco treatment based on 
interest.
Using study staff who have extensive expertise conducting tobacco research and working 
with adults and who are sensitive to the issues that may arise in working with young adults, as 
well as combustible tobacco users.  
Protect right to privacy through coding of data and proper storage of research records.  
Obtain a certificate of confidentiality from NIH to further protect the research records of these 
participants.
Use the Yale TCORS Independent Data Safety Monitoring Board including experts in the 
field of tobacco use behaviors and challenge studies (Dr. Tony George, FRCPC, Professor and 
Co-Director, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Dept. of Psychiatry, U of Toronto; Dr. Thomas 
Brandon, Professor and Chair, Department of Health Outcomes & Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 18 of 40
Cancer Center & Research Institute) and a statistical expert (Dr. Hanga Galfalvy, Assistant 
Professor of Neurobiology, Columbia University).
c.
Include an appropriate Data and Safety Monitoring Plan. Examples of DSMPs are  
available here http://your.yale.edu/policies-procedures/forms/420-fr-01-data-and-safety-
monitoring-plans-templates for
i.
Minimal risk
ii.
Greater than minimal
The Principal Investigators will be responsible for monitoring the safety and efficacy of this trial, 
executing the Data and Safety Monitoring (DSM) plan, and complying with the reporting requirements. 
The Yale TCORS has established a DSMB to provide the highest protection for study participants in all 
projects. The DSMB is composed of individuals not otherwise affiliated with the study but who are 
experienced in various aspects of conducting clinical trials and have expertise in tobacco research (Drs. 
Tony George (Chair), Thomas Brandon (Member) and Hanga Galfalvy [Statistician]). The 
Administrative Core will coordinate the DSMB meetings, will create formal summary reports, and will 
report DSMB comments back to PIs. PIs will provide the DSMB minutes to the Human Investigation 
Committee and to the NIH.The PI will also provide a summary of the DSM report to NIDA on an annual 
basis as part of the progress report. The DSM report will include the participants’ sociodemographic 
characteristics, expected versus actual recruitment rates, treatment retention rates, any quality 
assurance or regulatory issues that occurred during the past year, summary of adverse events (AEs) 
and Serious AEs, and any actions or changes with respect to the protocol. The DSM report to NIDA will 
also include, when available, the results of any efficacy data analysis conducted.
Data Monitoring Plan
Data will be collected using standardized forms and will be identified with the study ID of the participant. 
The codes that link the name of the participant and the study ID will be kept confidential by the Principal 
Investigator in a secured cabinet. A data manager will set up studies in the Oncore system and data will 
be scanned forms using the Teleforms software and Yale Qualtrics Database which will then be 
exported to a database on a secure computer. Error checking and data validation will occur weekly and 
any problems will be queried and resolved immediately.  Dr. Krishnan-Sarin and Dr. Green will receive 
monthly data quality reports to check for completeness and accuracy of key demographic and 
prognostic variables, as well as rates of recruitment, retention, and follow-up.  Preliminary analyses will 
be conducted to provide an overview of the data and test assumptions underlying the statistical entered 
using Teleforms data scanning and Yale Qualtrics. Furthermore, the data manager will perform data 
quality control functions, maintain the secure database on the Yale server, and interface with the 
statisticians and investigators. 
Multiple measures are in place to ensure the validity and integrity of the data.  First, all research staff 
receive Human Subjects Protection training. Second, formal training in clinical assessments and 
procedures will be conducted to ensure quality of the data and help implement and improve recruitment 
strategies so that enrollment goals are achieved. Third, weekly research staff meetings take place, as a 
forum for in-service training as well as to discuss questions regarding issues that arise in the research 
protocols.  Lastly, adherence to assessment administration will be monitored and if research drift is 
observed, the research assistants will be re-trained. 
Safety Monitoring Plan
During screening, participants will undergo a psychological evaluation and a physical exam to 
determine their eligibility and safety of their participation in this study reviewed by a clinical psychologist 
(psychological evaluation) and a medical professional (physical exam)(see appendix for psych eval 
training SOP). Special attention will be placed on serious mental health issues not being treated and 
those at risk will be encouraged to seek mental health treatment. Participants will be terminated from 
participation if the investigator feels that their health or well-being may be threatened by continuation in 
the study. All participants in Study 1B will be given educational materials regarding potential risks of 
continued e-cigarette use, as well as resources for vaping cessation, at the conclusion of their lab 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 19 of 40
session. We will specifically highlight the page that includes resources for treatment. All paticipants in 
Study 2 will receive a motivational interview following their participation to educate them about the 
potential risks from using tobacco products and to encourage them to abstain. If a participant from 
Study 2 shows interest in quitting use of any tobacco products, an appropriate referral will be made to 
one of our local smoking cessation programs. We will measure health status throughout the study by 
using self-report questionnaires to assess fatigue, dyspnea, asthma and overall health with a checklist 
of symptoms related to the reported vaping illnesses. These assessments will be administered at every 
in-person visit. We will also assess heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry at baseline and 
every in-person visit.
This protocol presents a minor increase over minimal risk to the subjects and adverse events are not 
anticipated. In the unlikely event that such events occur, serious and unanticipated and related adverse 
events will be reported in writing within 48 hours to the Yale IRB and NIDA. The initial SAE report will 
be followed by submission of a completed SAE report to both institutions. In the event that a participant 
either withdraws from the study or the investigator decides to discontinue a participant due to an SAE, 
the participant will be monitored by the investigator via ongoing status assessment until 1) a resolution 
is reached i.e., the problem requiring hospitalization has resolved or stabilized with no further changes 
expected 2) the SAE is determined to be clearly unrelated to the study intervention, or 3) the SAE 
results in death. Outcome of SAEs will be periodically reported to NIDA. A summary of the SAEs that 
occurred during the previous year will be included in the annual progress report to NIDA.
The principal investigators, Drs. Krishnan-Sarin and Green, will be responsible for evaluating the 
adverse events and study data at regular intervals and determine whether the adverse event affects the 
Risk/Benefit ratio of the study and whether modifications to the protocol (at Risks to Subjects) or 
consent form (at Risks and Inconveniences) are required.  During the review process, the PIs will 
evaluate whether the study should continue unchanged, require modification/amendment, continue or 
close to enrollment. If necessary, PIs will consult with study physician. Either the PIs or the IRB or the 
DSMB have the authority to stop or suspend the study or require modifications.  The review of all 
adverse events by the PIs will determine the attribution and grade of severity of the adverse event by 
using the following scales:
Attribution of Risk Categories:
Definite: 
Adverse event(s) will clearly be related to investigational agent(s) or other 
intervention
Probable: Adverse event(s) will likely be related to investigational agent(s)
Possible:  Adverse event(s) may be related to investigational agent(s)
Unlikely: 
Adverse event(s) will doubtfully be related to investigational agent(s)
Unrelated: Adverse event(s) will clearly not be related to the investigational agents(s)
Grades of Risk:
0:
No adverse event or within normal limits
1: Mild adverse event
2: Moderate adverse event
3: Severe adverse event resulting in hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, 
a persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect 
4: Life-threatening or disabling adverse event
5: Fatal adverse event
d. For multi-site studies for which the Yale PI serves as the lead investigator:
i.
How will adverse events and unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others 
be reported, reviewed and managed? Write here
ii.
What provisions are in place for management of interim results? Write here
iii.
What will the multi-site process be for protocol modifications? Write here
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 20 of 40
13. Statistical Considerations: Describe the statistical analyses that support the study design. 
Power Calculations: Study 1: For Aim 1, we will recruit 40 subjects. With an anticipated dropout of 
10%, 36 subjects are expected to have complete data and thus we base our power calculation on this 
sample size. The repeated measures design (with all factors within-subject) provides 80% power at 
significance level 0.05 to detect an interaction of large effect size f=0.4 between nicotine and menthol 
on e-cigarette liking/disliking for sweet flavors. 
Study 2: For Aim 2, we will recruit 120 subjects: 30 younger and 30 older subjects randomized to 
6mg/ml nicotine, 30 younger and 30 older to 18mg/ml. With an anticipated dropout of 10%, we base our 
power calculation on 108 subjects. This sample size provides 82% power at significance level 0.05 to 
detect an interaction of large effect size f=0.4 between age and flavor on e-cig liking/wanting at 
18mg/ml nicotine. Similar effect sizes were observed in our previous e-cig study examining the 
interaction of nicotine and menthol 26.
Data Management: Outcomes will be collected using scannable forms (Teleforms) provided by the 
YCSTP Administrative Core. The scanned forms will be processed through the Teleforms software and 
exported to a database on a secure computer. Error checking and data validation will occur weekly and 
any problems will be queried and resolved immediately.  The PI’s will receive monthly data quality 
reports to check for completeness and accuracy of key variables, as well as rates of recruitment, 
retention, and follow-up.  
Statistical analyses: Preliminary analyses will provide an overview of the data (e.g., randomization 
success, outcome distribution, missingness patterns). Outcome analyses will be intent-to-treat and 
using mixed-effects models. These models allow for different numbers of observations per subject, use 
all available data, and can handle missing-at-random data. If model assumptions will appear to be 
violated, we will transform the data or fit more flexible generalized linear or nonparametric mixed 
models. A significance level of 0.05 will be used for primary outcomes and a Bonferroni correction will 
be applied for secondary outcomes.  
Aim 1 (Study 1). Mixed-effects model will include menthol (yes, no), and measurement time (lab, time-
within-lab). A combination of random effects and structured variance-covariance matrices will be used 
to account for within-subject correlations. The best-fitting structure will be selected based on Akaike 
information criterion (AIC). We also anticipate statistically significant main effects of menthol on liking. 
Similar models will be used for the secondary outcomes (flavor intensity, coolness, sweetness and 
harshness). Mixed models will be used to test whether menthol-related alleviation in harshness and 
improvement in liking (subject-specific difference between menthol and no-menthol scores) predicts 
percent days of nicotine-containing e-cig use at 1-month and follow up.
Aim 2 (Study 2). The mixed models will include age group (younger adults, older adults) and nicotine 
dose (6, 18mg/ml) as between-subject factors, flavor (menthol, vanilla, tobacco, cherry) as a within-
subject factor, and measurement time (lab, time-within-lab). The models will also include all possible 
interactions among age, nicotine and flavor, and adjust for the stratification variables (sex and nicotine 
dependence). We will use the same strategy for modelling the correlation structure as in Aim 1. The 
primary hypothesis (in terms of liking/wanting, menthol preferred to sweet more in the younger than in 
the older subjects at 18 mg/ml nicotine) will be tested via linear contrasts. We also anticipate significant 
main effects of age and flavor on liking/wanting. Similar models will be used for secondary/exploratory 
outcomes (nicotine-induced stimulation, harshness and withdrawal; e-cigarette value). To examine 
flavor effects on use of different flavored e-cigs during the two-week ad-lib access period, for each 
subject we will compute the percent amount liquid used out of the total amount liquid they were given in 
each one of the three flavors. We will analyze these three outcomes together via a mixed model with 
flavor, age, and flavor-by-age interaction as predictors.
SECTION II: RESEARCH INVOLVING DRUGS, BIOLOGICS, RADIOTRACERS, PLACEBOS AND DEVICES
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 21 of 40
If this section (or one of its parts, A or B) is not applicable, check off N/A and delete the rest of the 
section.
A.  RADIOTRACERS ☒N/A
1.
Name of the radiotracer: Write here
2.
Is the radiotracer FDA approved?    ☐YES 
☐NO
If NO, an FDA issued IND is required for the investigational use unless RDRC assumes oversight. 
3.
Check one:   ☐IND#  Write here or  ☐RDRC oversight (RDRC approval will be required prior to 
use)
4.    Background Information: Provide a description of previous human use, known risks, and data 
addressing dosage(s), interval(s), route(s) of administration, and any other factors that might influence 
risks. If this is the first time this radiotracer is being administered to humans, include relevant data on 
animal models. 
Write here
5.    Source:  Identify the source of the radiotracer to be used. Write here
6.    Storage, Preparation and Use: Describe the method of storage, preparation, stability information, 
method of sterilization and method of testing sterility and pyrogenicity.
 Write here
B.  DRUGS/BIOLOGICS    ☐N/A
1.
If an exemption from IND filing requirements is sought for a clinical investigation of a drug 
product that is lawfully marketed in the United States, review the following categories and complete 
the category that applies (and delete the inapplicable categories):
Exempt Category 1: The clinical investigation of a drug product that is lawfully marketed in 
the United States can be exempt from IND regulations if all of the following are yes: 
1.
The intention of the investigation is NOT to report to the FDA as a well-controlled study in 
support of a new indication for use or to be used to support any other significant change in 
the labeling for the drug.
☐
2.
The drug that is undergoing investigation is lawfully marketed as a prescription drug 
product, and the intention of the investigation is NOT to support a significant change in the 
advertising for the product.
☐
3.
The investigation does NOT involve a route of administration or dosage level or use in 
populations or other factor that significantly increases the risks (or decreases the 
acceptability of the risks) associated with the use of the drug product
☐
4.
The investigation will be conducted in compliance with the requirements for institutional 
(HIC) review and with the requirements for informed consent of the FDA regulations (21 
CFR Part 50 and 21 CFR Part 56).
☒
5.
The investigation will be conducted in compliance with the requirements regarding 
promotion and charging for investigational drugs.
☐
2. 
Background Information: Provide a description of previous human use, known risks, and data 
addressing dosage(s), interval(s), route(s) of administration, and any other factors that might influence 
risks. If this is the first time this drug is being administered to humans, include relevant data on animal 
models. 
These devices are commercially available and therefore, we do not need an IND. We obtain all of our 
e-liquid from American eLiquid Store. The e-liquid mixture in Study 1 (propylene glycol [PG], vegetable 
glycerin [VG] and watermelon and watermelon-menthol flavorings will consist of a concentrated flavor 
liquid added to a base liquid which will consist of a commonly used ration of 50% PG and 50% VG. The 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 22 of 40
e-liquid mixture in Study 2 (propylene glycol [PG], vegetable glycerin [VG] and tobacco, strawberry, and 
menthol will consist of a concentrated flavor liquid added to a base liquid which will consist of a 
commonly used ration of 50% PG and 50% VG. PG is the original base liquid and is believed to 
produce a throat sensation (“throat hit”) which mimics the feel of smoking a cigarette. VG is included to 
enhance the volume of vapor production, giving a greater sensory illusion of smoking. For Study 1, we 
will use 36mg/ml nicotine salt and for Study 2, we will use 6mg and 18 mg nicotine. In order to ensure 
that we have adequate amount of e-liquid, of the same constituency, we will purchase large quantities 
of these solutions prior to starting these experiments which will be stored at and dispensed at John 
Pierce Labs.As the e-liquids used in Study 1 are not currently commercially available, an ITP will be 
sought and approved before study activities commence. 
The Suorin iShare auto battery and Suorin iShare replacement pods will be used. This e-cigarette is 
similar in size and function to other commercially available more popular pod style devices. All of the e-
liquidswill be obtained from American eLiquid Store, which manufactures all its products in Wauwatosa, 
WI and reports being the first e-liquid manufacturer in the US to obtain the International Organization 
for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2008 and Current Good Manufacturing practices (cGMP) certification. 
The vanilla ice e-liquids will be purchased from Mister E-Liquid located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. A 
new e-cigarette device will be used for each subject, and new pods will be used for each experiment. 
Pods will be filled with e-liquid mixtures at John Pierce Labs.  
3.    Source:  Identify the source of the drug or biologic to be used. Write here
a)
Is the drug provided free of charge to subjects? ☒YES 
☐NO 
If yes, by whom? The investigator will be purchasing the e-liquids from the American eLiquid 
Store website and Mister E-Liquid website for this study.  These will be stored at John Pierce 
Labs. 
4.
Storage, Preparation and Use: Describe the method of storage, preparation, stability information, 
and for parenteral products, method of sterilization and method of testing sterility and pyrogenicity.
After the e-liquids are received, they will be delivered and stored in appropriate light/temperature 
conditions at John Pierce Labs, which is a secured building.  The liquids will be kept in a locked 
storage container in a drawer within the lab room.  On the day prior to the lab sessions, a research 
assistant/associate/fellow who is not involved in the actual conduct of the lab sessions will fill the e-
cigs.  The information on randomizations to nicotine condition and flavors for each lab session has 
been generated by study biostatisticians. This information is stored for each participant in an 
individual envelope and a printed study ID on the cover. These envelopes are stored at Pierce lab 
along with the purchased e-liquids.  The individual filling the pods will be notified of which subject ID 
number needs to be filled and they will then go to Pierce labs and open the envelope and fill the 
three pods with the appropriate e-liquids. First, they will label each pod with the study ID number 
and lab 1, 2 and 3 respectively.  Each bottle of e-juice will be shaken vigorously prior to filling the 
pods.  Next, they will open the top of the pod and using a mechanical pipette will load .9ml into the 
pipette from the e-juice bottle and carefully transfer it into the pod.  This will be completed for all lab 
sessions in both studies.  Each pod is then stored in a separate airtight bag to avoid cross 
contamination of flavors.  The individual bags are then stored together in a larger bag labeled with 
the study ID number and stored back in the locked container until the lab is set to begin.  Once the 
research assistant is ready to begin each lab, they will open the locked container, take the 
appropriate pod and leave the others.  At the end of the lab, they will return the pod used that day to 
its proper bag and again return it to the lock box.  The research staff will have the group 
randomization list and will dispense the appropriate e-liquid (nicotine level, flavor) needed for each 
subject.
Check applicable Investigational Drug Service utilized:
    ☐  YNHH IDS                                                        ☐  CMHC 
Pharmacy                                          ☐ West Haven VA
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 23 of 40
    ☐  PET Center                                                      ☐    None      
    ☒  Other: John Pierce Lab, WCRU (West Campus Research Unit)
Note: If the YNHH IDS (or comparable service at CMHC or WHVA) will not be utilized, explain in detail 
how the PI will oversee these aspects of drug accountability, storage, and preparation.  
5.
Use of Placebo: ☒Not applicable to this research project
If use of a placebo is planned, provide a justification which addresses the following:
a) Describe the safety and efficacy of other available therapies. If there are no other available 
therapies, state this. Write here
b) State the maximum total length of time a participant may receive placebo while on the study. 
Write here
c)
Address the greatest potential harm that may come to a participant as a result of receiving placebo. 
Write here
d) Describe the procedures that are in place to safeguard participants receiving placebo. 
Write here
6.
Continuation of Drug Therapy After Study Closure   ☒Not applicable to this project
Are subjects provided the opportunity to continue to receive the study drug(s) after the study 
has ended?
☐ Yes   If yes, describe the conditions under which continued access to study drug(s) may apply as 
well as conditions for termination of such access.  Write here
☐ NO   If no, explain why this is acceptable. Write here
 B.  DEVICES  ☒N/A
1.
Are there any investigational devices used or investigational procedures performed at Yale-New 
Haven Hospital (YNHH) (e.g., in the YNHH Operating Room or YNHH Heart and Vascular 
Center)?  ☐Yes   ☐No   
 If Yes, please be aware of the following requirements:
A YNHH New Product/Trial Request Form must be completed via EPIC: Pull down the Tools tab in 
the EPIC Banner, Click on Lawson, Click on “Add new” under the New Technology Request 
Summary and fill out the forms requested including the “Initial Request Form,” “Clinical 
Evidence Summary”, and attach any other pertinent documents. Then select “save and submit” 
to submit your request;   AND
Your request must be reviewed and approved in writing by the appropriate YNHH committee before 
patients/subjects may be scheduled to receive the investigational device or investigational procedure.
2.
Background Information: Provide a description of previous human use, known risks, and any 
other factors that might influence risks. If this is the first time this device is being used in humans, 
include relevant data on animal models. 
Write here
3.
Source: 
a) Identify the source of the device to be used. Write here
b) Is the device provided free of charge to subjects? ☐Yes   ☐No    
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 24 of 40
4.
Investigational device accountability:  State how the PI, or named designee, ensures that an 
investigational device is used only in accordance with the research protocol approved by the HIC, 
and maintains control of the investigational device as follows:
a) Maintains appropriate records, including receipt of shipment, inventory at the site, dispensation 
or use by each participant, and final disposition and/or the return of the investigational device 
(or other disposal if applicable): Write here
b) Documents pertinent information assigned to the investigational device (e.g., date, quantity, 
batch or serial number, expiration date if applicable, and unique code number): Write here
c)
Stores the investigational device according to the manufacturer's recommendations with 
respect to temperature, humidity, lighting, and other environmental considerations: Write here
d) Ensures that the device is stored in a secure area with limited access in accordance with 
applicable regulatory requirements: Write here
e) Distributes the investigational device to subjects enrolled in the IRB-approved protocol: Write 
here
SECTION III: RECRUITMENT/CONSENT AND ASSENT PROCEDURES 
1. Targeted Enrollment: Give the number of subjects: 
a.
Targeted for enrollment at Yale for this protocol: Study 1: 40 subjects; Study 2: 120 subjects
b.
If this is a multi-site study, give the total number of subjects targeted across all sites: Write here
2.
Indicate recruitment methods below.  Attach copies of any recruitment materials that will be used.
☒Flyers
☒ Internet/web postings
☒ Radio
☒ Posters
☒ Mass email solicitation
☐ Telephone
☐ Letter
☒ Departmental/Center website
☒ Television
☐ Medical record review* 
☐ Departmental/Center research 
boards
☒ Newspaper
☐ Departmental/Center 
newsletters
☐ Web-based clinical trial registries
☒ Clinicaltrails.gov 
☒ YCCI Recruitment database
☒ Social Media (Twitter/Facebook): 
☒ XOther: TrialFacts Recruitment 
Services; Qualtrics Online Sample 
* Requests for medical records should be made through JDAT as described at 
http://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/oncore/availableservices/datarequests/datarequests.aspx
3.  Recruitment Procedures: 
Describe how potential subjects will be identified. Potential subjects will be recruited through methods 
previously used by our team and found to be effective. Recruitment will occur via advertising at local 
colleges and through Craigslist, Facebook and flyers in the community.  Potential subjects will also be 
recruited through Trialfacts.  Trialfacts is a recruitment company that specializes in research 
recruitment services and has been utilized in the past by Yale investigators. Services include 
comprehensive pre-screening, advertising.  Trialfacts creates recruitment materials, landing pages, 
digital marketing campaigns, online advertisements. Trialfacts adheres to GCP and IRB requirements.
We additionally plan to use Qualtrics Online Sample, as a potential recruiting source used successfully 
in prior studies by our group. Participants will be recruited directly through Qualtrics Online Sample, a 
secure, market research service operated by Qualtrics, Inc. In line with procedures we have used in 
prior studies, Qualtrics will email invitations to panelists who they deem likely to be eligible for the study 
based on prior responses to a demographics survey(s) administered by Qualtrics (or its affiliate panels) 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 25 of 40
at the time participants became panelists (e.g., lifetime smoking status). Interested individuals will click 
on an embedded link, which will direct them to the study eligibility questions. Eligible and interested 
individuals will be contacted to schedule an intake appointment. 
a.  We also will include flyers that advertise that persons who complete the screener form (either 
through the Yale Qualtrics link or via phone) will be entered into a monthly raffle for a $50 
Amazon e-gift card regardless of their eligibility status. This is to minimize the amount of 
blank/half-completed screeners we receive and to provide a benefit to participants who may find 
the screener a time burden. Monthly, all contact information will be separated from screener 
information into a list. Any duplicate information will be removed, and a random number 
generator will be used to determine the winner of the raffle. Winners will be contacted up to 3 
times to inform them of their gift card winnings. If winners are not reached, then the process will 
be repeated to select a new winner. Non-winners will stay on the list and be eligible to win the 
raffle in the future. This recruitment process will be closely monitored and if not successful at 
producing increases in participation in the screener and eligible subjects, will be removed. 
b.
Describe how potential subjects are contacted. Potential participants can contact the study to 
determine eligibility through phone call, text message through Text Now, or a website that will 
direct them to a Yale Qualtrics website where interested participants can complete a brief 
screening questionnaire. In addition to general screening questions, they will be asked 
questions regarding where they see e-cigarette ads on social media to assist with future 
recruitment as well as provide necessary data showing how companies are using social media 
to advertise.  ‘Microsoft Teams’ will be used to maintain these screening records. If recruited via 
TrialFacts, participants will be scheduled via Trialfacts to receive a phone call via our Team. 
c.
Who is recruiting potential subjects? The PI and research staff will recruit potential subjects.
4. Assessment of Current Health Provider Relationship for HIPAA Consideration:
Does the Investigator or any member of the research team have a direct existing clinical relationship 
with any potential subject? 
☐Yes, all subjects
☐Yes, some of the subjects
☒No
If yes, describe the nature of this relationship. Write here
5. Request for waiver of HIPAA authorization: (When requesting a waiver of HIPAA Authorization for 
either the entire study, or for recruitment purposes only.  Note: if you are collecting PHI as part of a 
phone or email screen, you must request a HIPAA waiver for recruitment purposes.)
Choose one: 
☐ For entire study 
☒ For recruitment/screening purposes only
☐ For inclusion of non-English speaking subject if short form is being used and there is no translated 
HIPAA research authorization form available on the University’s HIPAA website at hipaa.yale.edu.
i.
Describe why it would be impracticable to obtain the subject’s authorization for 
use/disclosure of this data: Write here
ii.
If requesting a waiver of signed authorization, describe why it would be impracticable to 
obtain the subject’s signed authorization for use/disclosure of this data: We request a waiver 
of signed authorization only for initial participant recruitment/screening purposes to obtain 
interested participants' phone numbers and/or email for voice and text communication to 
make initial contact with the research team. At the first phone contact with the research 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 26 of 40
team, participants will provide verbal consent for the screening process. If participants prefer 
to complete the online screener through the Yale Qualtrics system, participants will provide 
signed consent in the online screening.
The investigator assures that the protected health information for which a Waiver of 
Authorization has been requested will not be reused or disclosed to any person or entity other 
than those listed in this application, except as required by law, for authorized oversight of this 
research study, or as specifically approved for use in another study by an IRB.
Researchers are reminded that unauthorized disclosures of PHI to individuals outside of the Yale 
HIPAA-Covered entity must be accounted for in the “accounting for disclosures log”, by subject name, 
purpose, date, recipients, and a description of information provided.  Logs are to be forwarded to the 
Deputy HIPAA Privacy Officer.
6.
Process of Consent/Assent: Describe the setting and conditions under which consent/assent will 
be obtained, including parental permission or surrogate permission and the steps taken to ensure 
subjects’ independent decision-making. 
After the screening process is complete and the participant is found to be eligible, the RA/PI will 
schedule them for an in-person (remote if necessary, via phone or video conferencing depending 
on technological capabilities of participant) intake. At the intake session, all eligible participants will 
be asked for written consent using the Yale HIC approved combined consent/HIPAA form. If the 
intake is done remotely, consent will be obtained via Redcap. If the participant has limited internet 
access, a consent form will be mailed to them. The entire consent form will be reviewed in detail 
with the participant in a private, one-on-one setting at the first intake appointment. All risks and 
potential benefits will be described. Any questions the participant may have will be addressed. If the 
participant wishes, they may consider it further before signing. They may also request to speak to 
anyone on the research team about questions they have or to consult others, including their 
physician and family members. Once the participant has signed the consent, they may withdraw 
consent at any time. Informed consent must be obtained prior to performance of any protocol 
specific procedures. All participants will receive a signed copy of the consent form to retain for their 
records. 
7.
Evaluation of Subject(s) Capacity to Provide Informed Consent/Assent: Indicate how the 
personnel obtaining consent will assess the potential subject’s ability and capacity to consent to the 
research being proposed. 
We will not be enrolling participants with limited decision-making capacity. We plan to exclude 
individuals with current serious psychiatric or medical illnesses. During the consenting process, the 
research assistant will read and review the consent form with the prospective participant. The 
research assistant will then ask the potential participant various questions about the consent form 
and study protocol to ensure the prospective participant sufficiently understands the study and the 
nature of their consent to participate. 
8.
Non-English-Speaking Subjects: Explain provisions in place to ensure comprehension for 
research involving non-English speaking subjects. If enrollment of these subjects is anticipated, 
translated copies of all consent materials must be submitted for approval prior to use. 
N/A
As a limited alternative to the above requirement, will you use the short form* for consenting process if 
you unexpectedly encounter a non-English speaking individual interested in study participation and the 
translation of the long form is not possible prior to intended enrollment?  YES ☐  NO ☒
Note* If more than 2 study participants are enrolled using a short form translated into the same 
language, then the full consent form should be translated into that language for use the next time a 
subject speaking that language is to be enrolled.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 27 of 40
Several translated short form templates are available on the HRPP website (yale.edu/hrpp) and 
translated HIPAA Research Authorization Forms are available on the HIPAA website (hipaa.yale.edu). 
If the translation of the short form is not available on our website, then the translated short form needs 
to be submitted to the IRB office for approval via modification prior to enrolling the subject.   Please 
review the guidance and presentation on use of the short form available on the HRPP website.
If using a short form without a translated HIPAA Research Authorization Form, please request a 
HIPAA waiver in the section above. 
9.
Consent Waiver: In certain circumstances, the HIC may grant a waiver of signed consent, 
or a full waiver of consent, depending on the study. If you will request either a waiver of consent, or 
a waiver of signed consent for this study, complete the appropriate section below.  
☐Not Requesting any consent waivers 
☒Requesting a waiver of signed consent:
☒ Recruitment/Screening only (if for recruitment, the questions in the box below will 
apply to recruitment activities only)
☐ Entire Study (Note that an information sheet may be required.)
 For a waiver of signed consent, address the following:
Would the signed consent form be the only record linking the subject and the research?  YES ☐  NO ☐ 
Does a breach of confidentiality constitute the principal risk to subjects? YES ☐  NO ☐
 
OR
Does the research pose greater than minimal risk? YES ☐    NO☒ 
Does the research include any activities that would require signed consent in a non-research context? YES ☐   
NO ☒

Why would the research be impracticable to conduct without the waiver? We request a waiver of 
signed authorization only for initial participant recruitment/screening purposes to obtain 
interested participants’ phone numbers and/or email for voice and text communication to 
make initial contact with the research team. 

Where appropriate, how will pertinent information be returned to, or shared with subjects at a later 
date? At the first phone contact with the research team, participants will provide verbal 
consent for the screening process. Participants who meet initial eligibility during the 
screening process will be invited for an in-person meeting to learn more about the study, ask 
any questions, and provide written informed consent before beginning research activities.
 ☐ Requesting a waiver of consent:
☐ Recruitment/Screening only (if for recruitment, the questions in the box below will 
apply to recruitment activities only)
☐ Entire Study 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 28 of 40
 
For a full waiver of consent, please address all of the following:

Does the research pose greater than minimal risk to subjects?  
☐ Yes If you answered yes, stop. A waiver cannot be granted.  
☒ No

Will the waiver adversely affect subjects’ rights and welfare? YES ☐    NO☒
SECTION IV: PROTECTION OF RESEARCH SUBJECTS
    Confidentiality & Security of Data:
1.
What protected health information (medical information along with the HIPAA identifiers) about 
subjects will be collected and used for the research?   We will collect names and demographic 
information. Identifiable information will be collected and used to enroll and contact participants. It 
will only be used for this purpose. This information will be stored in locked cabinet apart from the 
research records.
2.
How will the research data be collected, recorded and stored? Research data will be collected using 
in-person interviews, assessments, objective measures of smoking behavior, and self-reports. All 
identifiable information (names and demographic information) will be stored in a locked file cabinet. 
All participants will be assigned a study participant ID made up of numbers and letters. 
Subsequently, participants will be identified in the Case Report Forms (CRFs) only by that number 
(e.g., CM24). A list of IDs and the corresponding names will be maintained by the Principal 
Investigator and stored in a locked research cabinet. All other research data (interviews, 
assessments, objective measures of smoking behavior, and self-reports) will not contain identifiable 
information and will be labeled only with the subjects' unique numerical indicator. Patient health 
information obtained by this study is confidential and may only be disclosed to third parties as 
permitted by the Compound Consent and Authorization form signed by the patient or unless 
permitted or required by law.
3.
How will the digital data be stored? ☐CD  ☐DVD  ☐Flash Drive  ☐Portable Hard Drive   ☒Secured 
Server  ☐Laptop Computer  ☒Desktop Computer  ☐Other
Digital data with PHI will be stored on a secured server. Digital data without PHI may be stored and 
analyzed on a laptop or desktop computer.
4.
What methods and procedures will be used to safeguard the confidentiality and security of the 
identifiable study data and the storage media indicated above during and after the subject’s 
participation in the study? Several steps will be taken to safeguard the confidentiality of subjects 
and their data. Right to privacy for participation in this research will be protected through coding of 
data and proper storage of research records. All research data that is collected will be assigned a 
study participant number and that number will be the only link between participant names/identifying 
information and the digital databases. The names of participants will not be associated with this 
data and assessments will be maintained according to participant study number. A master list 
connecting participant study numbers to participant names will be kept in a locked file cabinet 
where it can only be accessed by senior level project staff. Any information published as a result of 
the study will be in aggregate and such that it will not permit identification of any participant. We are 
not directly assessing incidents of child abuse or elderly abuse. However, if this information is 
disclosed by a participant or volunteer in the context of this research, a report will be made to the 
Department of Child and Families Services or other agency as required by law. Subjects will be 
informed of this limit to confidentiality as it is stated in the informed consent document. All 
investigators and key personnel have taken the required Yale University HIPAA training. Right to 
privacy for participation in this research will be protected through coding of data and proper storage 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 29 of 40
of research records. A list of numbers and the corresponding names will be maintained by the 
Principal Investigator in a locked research cabinet.  Individually identifiable health information will be 
protected in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and by 
additional protections of substance abuse treatment records afforded under Code of Federal 
Regulations (CFR) Part 2, Subpart E. All research personnel will be trained on human subjects’ 
protection and HIPAA procedures.
All portable devices must contain encryption software, per University Policy 5100.  If there is a technical 
reason a device cannot be encrypted please submit an exception request to the Information Security, 
Policy and Compliance Office by clicking on url http://its.yale.edu/egrc or email it.compliance@yale.edu
5.
What will be done with the data when the research is completed? Are there plans to destroy the 
identifiable data? If yes, describe how, by whom and when identifiers will be destroyed. If no, 
describe how the data and/or identifiers will be secured. The data will be stored in a locked room for 
7 years after the final data is collected. After this point, the Data Manager and Principal Investigator 
will oversee the process in which data is destroyed or de-identified.
6.
If appropriate, has a Certificate of Confidentiality been obtained? A certificate will automatically be 
applied with the federal funding.
SECTION V: POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Potential Benefits: Identify any benefits that may be reasonably expected to result from the research, 
either to the subject(s) or to society at large. (Payment of subjects is not considered a benefit in this 
context of the risk benefit assessment.) 
The proposed project will provide the FDA with important data regarding the influence of flavors on the 
abuse potential of e-cigs in adults. The e-cig provides the user with the opportunity to manipulate 
nicotine content and flavors, which might be attractive to young adult smokers. Thus, it is imperative 
that we fully understand what young smokers find appealing about this product because such a product 
has the ability to become widely used. The use of e-cigs is increasing and could become a future 
epidemic among young users with potentially harmful health consequences. Developing an 
understanding of how sweet and cool flavors influence appeal among young adults who are susceptible 
to future e-cigarette use is crucial to the regulation of the constituents of existing and future modified 
risk tobacco products.  Additionally, addressing whether sweet, cool and tobacco flavors differentially 
alter nicotine reward and use of e-cigs among younger and older adult combustible tobacco users who 
might be trying to switch to e-cigarettes for harm-reduction is important. Older combustible tobacco 
users may not need flavors to increase the palatability of tobacco products and to benefit from 
switching to e-cigs. The goals of this project are to develop a comprehensive understanding of flavors 
and other tobacco constituents on nicotine’s addictive potential and the appeal and use of tobacco 
products.
         SECTION VI: RESEARCH ALTERNATIVES AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
1.
Alternatives: What other alternatives are available to the study subjects outside of the research? 
Write here
2.
Payments for Participation (Economic Considerations): Describe any payments that will be 
made to subjects, the amount and schedule of payments, and the conditions for receiving this 
compensation.
As an economic consideration, we will compensate participants for time spent in this research project.  
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 30 of 40
Participants in Study 1 (n=40) will receive $50 for the intake, $100 for the Lab visit, and $25 
cash/Amazon gift card for the the follow up visits (1 month). Participants can be compensated up to 
$20/in person visit for travel (up to $40). Thus, each participant can earn up to $215 for Study 1.
Participants may earn a $25 referral bonus for each friend that is referred to participate in this study. 
In order to receive this bonus, the friend(s) must complete the intake appointment and physical 
exam.
Participants in Study 2 will receive $50 for Intake and $25 for in-person intake. If ineligible after intake, 
participants will receive compensation in the form of an electronic gift card of their choosing (examples 
include but are not limited to Amazon, Wal-Mart, Target, Stop & Shop). If they do not have an email 
account, a gift card will be mailed to them. Participants in Study 2 (n=120) will receive escalating 
payments per lab session to increase completion ($50 for Lab 1, $75 for Lab 2, $100 for Lab 3, $125 
for Lab 4) and a $25 gift card for each of the follow up visits (1 month, 6 month). 
Both studies will compensate participants $20/day for travel to appointments after the initial intake (up 
to $100, follow ups will conducted over the phone). Thus, each participant in Study 1 can earn a total of 
$215 (including value of gift cards) and each participant in Study 2 can earn up to $575 (including 
value of gift cards).  If participants have borrowed a study cell phone from us for the study, we will 
ask that they return the cell phone at the last visit. The final visit payment will be withheld until the 
cell phone is returned. Participants enrolled in the study will be paid via cash or in some cases (see 
above) gift cards. As the ad-lib portion of Study 2 is on hold, participants will not receive payments 
associated with the ad-lib portion of the study (i.e. compensation for daily CosCOs, questionnaires, 
ad-lib visits, as well as returning the e-cigarette and battery. 
Participants may earn a $25 referral bonus for each friend that is referred to participate in this study. 
In order to receive this bonus, the friend(s) must complete the intake appointment and physical 
exam.
We will validate parking in the Air Rights parking garage.  We will provide round trip cab transportation 
to appointments after the remote intake, if transportation is an issue.  
3.
Costs for Participation (Economic Considerations): Clearly describe the subject’s costs 
associated with participation in the research, and the interventions or procedures of the study that 
will be provided at no cost to subjects. 
There are no costs for participation.
4.
In Case of Injury: This section is required for any research involving more than minimal risk, and 
for minimal risk research that presents the potential for physical harm (e.g., research involving 
blood draws).
a.
Will medical treatment be available if research-related injury occurs? Write here
b.
Where and from whom may treatment be obtained? Write here
c.
Are there any limits to the treatment being provided? Write here
d.
Who will pay for this treatment? Write here
e.
How will the medical treatment be accessed by subjects? Write here
(a-e) If a participant is injured as a direct result of participation in this study, treatment will be provided. 
The participant and/or his or her insurance carrier will be expected to pay the costs of this treatment. 
No additional financial compensation for injury or lost wages is available.  Participants will not waive 
their legal rights by participating in this study.
IMPORTANT REMINDERS
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 31 of 40
Will this study have a billable service?  Yes ☐ 
 No☒
A billable service is defined as any service rendered to a study subject that, if he/she was not on a 
study, would normally generate a bill from either Yale-New Haven Hospital or Yale Medical Group to 
the patient or the patient’s insurer. The service may or may not be performed by the research staff on 
your study, but may be provided by professionals within either Yale-New Haven Hospital or Yale 
Medical Group (examples include x-rays, MRIs, CT scans, specimens sent to central labs, or 
specimens sent to pathology). Notes: 1. There is no distinction made whether the service is paid for by 
the subject or their insurance (Standard of Care) or by the study’s funding mechanism (Research 
Sponsored). 2. This generally includes new services or orders placed in EPIC for research subjects. 
If answered, “yes”, this study will need to be set up in OnCore, Yale’s clinical research 
management system, for Epic to appropriately route research related charges. Please contact 
oncore.support@yale.edu
Are there any procedures involved in this protocol that will be performed at YNHH or one of its affiliated 
entities?  Yes ☒  No ☐ 
If Yes, please answer questions a through c and note instructions below.  
a. Does your YNHH privilege delineation currently include the specific procedure that you will 
perform? Yes ☒  No ☐
b. Will you be using any new equipment or equipment that you have not used in the past for 
this procedure? Yes ☐  No ☒
c. Will a novel approach using existing equipment be applied? Yes ☐  No ☒
 If you answered “no” to question 4a, or "yes" to question 4b or c, please contact the YNHH Department 
of Physician Services (688-2615) for prior approval before commencing with your research protocol.
IMPORTANT REMINDER ABOUT RESEARCH AT YNHH 
Please note that if this protocol includes Yale-New Haven Hospital patients, including patients at the 
HRU, the Principal Investigator and any co-investigators who are physicians or mid-level practitioners 
(includes PAs, APRNs, psychologists and speech pathologists) who may have direct patient contact 
with patients on YNHH premises must have medical staff appointment and appropriate clinical 
privileges at YNHH. If you are uncertain whether the study personnel meet the criteria, please 
telephone the Physician Services Department at 203-688-2615. By submitting this protocol as a PI, 
you attest that you and any co-investigator who may have patient contact has a medical staff 
appointment and appropriate clinical privileges at YNHH.
1. 
Talhout R, van de Nobelen S, Kienhuis AS. An inventory of methods suitable to assess additive-
induced characterising flavours of tobacco products. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2016;161:9-
14.
2.
Rosbrook K, Green BG. Sensory Effects of Menthol and Nicotine in an E-Cigarette. Nicotine & 
tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 
2016;18(7):1588-1595.
3.
Krishnan-Sarin S, Green, B.G., Jordt, S.E., O'Malley, S.S. . The Science of Flavor in Tobaco 
Products; A report presented to the WHO Global Tobacco Regulators Forum. Tob Reg Technical 
Report Series: World Health Organization; 2017.
4.
Krishnan-Sarin S, Green, B.G., Kong, G., Cavallo, D.A., Jatlow, P., Gueorguieva, R., Buta, E., 
O'Malley, S.S. Studying the interactive effects of menthol and nicotine among youth: an 
examination using e-cigarettes. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2017;180:193-199.
5.  
Green BG. Chemesthesis:  Pungency as a component of flavor. Trends in Food Science & 
Technology. 1996;7:415-420.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 32 of 40
6. 
Giovino GA, Sidney S, Gfroerer JC, et al. Epidemiology of menthol cigarette use. Nicotine & 
tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2004;6 
Suppl 1:S67-81.
7. 
Menthol cigarettes and public health: review of the scientific evidence and recommendations. 
2011. 
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/TobaccoProd
uctsScientificAdvisoryCommittee/UCM247689.pd.
8. 
Green BG. Menthol modulates oral sensations of warmth and cold. Physiology & behavior. 
1985;35(3):427-434.
9. 
Green BG. The sensory effects of l-menthol on human skin. Somatosensory & motor research. 
1992;9(3):235-244.
10. 
Eccles R. Menthol: effects on nasal sensation of airflow and the drive to breathe. Current allergy 
and asthma reports. 2003;3(3):210-214.
11. 
Andersson DA, Chase HW, Bevan S. TRPM8 activation by menthol, icilin, and cold is differentially 
modulated by intracellular pH. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for 
Neuroscience. 2004;24(23):5364-5369.
12. 
Corey CG, Ambrose BK, Apelberg BJ, King BA. Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle 
and High School Students--United States, 2014. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 
2015;64(38):1066-1070.
13. 
Villanti AC, Johnson AL, Ambrose BK, et al. Flavored Tobacco Product Use in Youth and Adults: 
Findings From the First Wave of the PATH Study (2013-2014). American journal of preventive 
medicine. 2017.
14. 
Ambrose BK, Day HR, Rostron B, et al. Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among US Youth Aged 
12-17 Years, 2013-2014. Jama. 2015;314(17):1871-1873.
15. 
King BA, Dube SR, Tynan MA. Flavored cigar smoking among U.S. adults: findings from the 2009-
2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society 
for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2013;15(2):608-614.
16. 
King BA, Tynan MA, Dube SR, Arrazola R. Flavored-little-cigar and flavored-cigarette use among 
U.S. middle and high school students. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the 
Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2014;54(1):40-46.
17. 
Kong G, Morean ME, Cavallo DA, Camenga DR, Krishnan-Sarin S. Reasons for Electronic 
Cigarette Experimentation and Discontinuation Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine 
& tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 
2015;17(7):847-854.
18. 
Pepper JK, Ribisl KM, Brewer NT. Adolescents' interest in trying flavoured e-cigarettes. Tobacco 
control. 2016;25(Suppl 2):ii62-ii66.
19. 
Klein SM, Giovino GA, Barker DC, Tworek C, Cummings KM, O'Connor RJ. Use of flavored 
cigarettes among older adolescent and adult smokers: United States, 2004--2005. Nicotine & 
tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 
2008;10(7):1209-1214.
20. 
Hoffman AC, Salgado RV, Dresler C, Faller RW, Bartlett C. Flavour preferences in youth versus 
adults: a review. Tobacco control. 2016;25(Suppl 2):ii32-ii39.
21. 
Cooper M, Harrell MB, Perry CL. A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Real-World Electronic 
Cigarette Use: Implications for Measurement and Regulation. Preventing chronic disease. 
2016;13:E07.
22. 
Kistler CE, Crutchfield TM, Sutfin EL, et al. Consumers' Preferences for Electronic Nicotine 
Delivery System Product Features: A Structured Content Analysis. International journal of 
environmental research and public health. 2017;14(6).
23. 
Czoli CD, Goniewicz M, Islam T, Kotnowski K, Hammond D. Consumer preferences for electronic 
cigarettes: results from a discrete choice experiment. Tobacco control. 2016;25(e1):e30-36.
24. 
Chen C, Zhuang YL, Zhu SH. E-Cigarette Design Preference and Smoking Cessation: A U.S. 
Population Study. American journal of preventive medicine. 2016;51(3):356-363.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 33 of 40
25. 
Meier E, Isaksson Vogel R, O'Connor RJ, Severson HH, Shields PG, Hatsukami DK. Preference 
for Flavored Noncombustible Nicotine Products Among Smokers Motivated to Switch From 
Cigarettes. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine 
and Tobacco. 2016;18(5):892-893.
26. 
Bold KW, Kong G, Cavallo DA, Camenga DR, Krishnan-Sarin S. E-cigarette susceptibility as a 
predictor of youth initiation of e-cigarettes. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the 
Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2016.
27. 
Lim J, Wood A, Green BG. Derivation and evaluation of a labeled hedonic scale. Chemical 
senses. 2009;34(9):739-751.
28. 
Morean M, Butler EW, Bold KW, et al. Preference for more e-cigarette flavors is associated with 
e-cigarette use frequency among youth but not adults. Paper presented at: Society for Research 
on Nicotine and Tobacco2017; Florence, Italy.
29.
NACDAa. 
Guidelines 
for 
Administration 
of 
Drugs 
to 
Human 
Subjects. 
2006; 
https://www.drugabuse.gov/funding/clinical-research/nacda-guidelines-administration-drugs-to-
human-subjects.
30. 
NACDAb. Guidlines for Substance Abuse Research Involving Children and Adolescents. 2012; 
https://www.drugabuse.gov/funding/clinical-research/nacda-guidelines-substance-abuse-
research-involving-children-adolescents.
31. 
Green BG, Shaffer GS, Gilmore MM. Derivation and Evaluation of a Semantic Scale of Oral 
Sensation Magnitude with Apparent Ratio Properties. Chemical senses. 1993;18:683-702.
32. 
Green BG, Dalton P, Cowart B, Shaffer G, Rankin K, Higgins J. Evaluating the 'Labeled Magnitude 
Scale' for measuring sensations of taste and smell. Chemical senses. 1996;21(3):323-334.
33. 
Fals-Stewart W, O'Farrell TJ, Freitas TT, McFarlin SK, Rutigliano P. The timeline followback 
reports of psychoactive substance use by drug-abusing patients: psychometric properties. 
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2000;68(1):134-144.
34. 
Toll BA, Cooney NL, McKee SA, O'Malley SS. Correspondence between Interactive Voice 
Response (IVR) and Timeline Followback (TLFB) reports of drinking behavior. Addictive 
behaviors. 2006;31(4):726-731.
35. 
Collins SE, Eck S, Torchalla I, Schroter M, Batra A. Validity of the timeline followback among 
treatment-seeking smokers in Germany. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2009;105(1-2):164-167.
36. 
Sobell LC, Brown J, Leo GI, Sobell MB. The reliability of the Alcohol Timeline Followback when 
administered by telephone and by computer. Drug and alcohol dependence. 1996;42(1):49-54.
37. 
Lewis-Esquerre JM, Colby SM, Tevyaw TO, Eaton CA, Kahler CW, Monti PM. Validation of the 
timeline follow-back in the assessment of adolescent smoking. Drug and alcohol dependence. 
2005;79(1):33-43.
38. 
Soria R, Stapleton JM, Gilson SF, Sampson-Cone A, Henningfield JE, London ED. Subjective 
and 
cardiovascular 
effects 
of 
intravenous 
nicotine 
in 
smokers 
and 
non-smokers. 
Psychopharmacology. 1996;128(3):221-226.
39. 
Griffiths RR, Troisi JR, Silverman K, Mumford GK. Multiple-choice procedure: an efficient 
approach for investigating drug reinforcement in humans. Behavioural pharmacology. 
1993;4(1):3-13.
40. 
Krishnan-Sarin S, Cavallo DA, Cooney JL, et al. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of a 
novel high-school-based smoking cessation intervention for adolescent smokers using 
abstinence-contingent incentives and cognitive behavioral therapy. Drug and alcohol 
dependence. 2013;132(1-2):346-351.
41. 
Krishnan-Sarin S, Duhig AM, McKee SA, et al. Contingency management for smoking cessation 
in adolescent smokers. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. 2006;14(3):306-310.
42. 
Staley JK, Krishnan-Sarin S, Cosgrove KP, et al. Human tobacco smokers in early abstinence 
have higher levels of beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors than nonsmokers. The Journal of 
neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2006;26(34):8707-8714.
42. 
Cosgrove KP, Esterlis I, McKee SA, et al. Sex differences in availability of beta2*-nicotinic 
acetylcholine receptors in recently abstinent tobacco smokers. Archives of general psychiatry. 
2012;69(4):418-427.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 34 of 40
43. 
Cosgrove KP, Esterlis I, McKee S, et al. Beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate pain 
sensitivity in acutely abstinent tobacco smokers. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of 
the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2010;12(5):535-539.
44. 
Kong G, Goldberg A, Dallery J, Krishnan-Sarin S. An Open-Label Pilot Study of a Smoking 
Cessation Intervention Using Mobile Phones to Deliver Contingency Management to High School 
Students. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. in press.
45. 
Morean ME, de Wit H, King AC, Sofuoglu M, Rueger SY, O'Malley SS. The drug effects 
questionnaire: psychometric support across three drug types. Psychopharmacology. 
2013;227(1):177-192.
46. 
Bauman KE, Koch GG, Bryan ES, Haley NJ, Downton MI, Orlandi MA. On the measurement of 
tobacco use by adolescents. Validity of self-reports of smokeless tobacco use and validity of 
cotinine as an indicator of cigarette smoking. American journal of epidemiology. 1989;130(2):327-
337.
47.
Schick SF, Blount BC, Jacob P, 3rd, et al. Biomarkers of Exposure to New and Emerging Tobacco 
and Nicotine Delivery Products. American journal of physiology Lung cellular and molecular 
physiology. 2017:ajplung.00343.02016.
48. 
Shadel WG, Edelen MO, Tucker JS, Stucky BD, Hansen M, Cai L. Development of the PROMIS 
nicotine dependence item banks. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the Society for 
Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2014;16(Suppl 3):S190-201.
49.
Morean M, Krishnan-Sarin S, Sussman S, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Patient-Reported 
Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Nicotine Dependence Item Bank for use 
with electronic cigarettes. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the Society for Research 
on Nicotine and Tobacco. under reivew.
50.
Pierce JP, Choi WS, Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, Merritt RK. Validation of susceptibility as a predictor 
of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health psychology : official journal of 
the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. 1996;15(5):355-361.
51.
Chen QY, Alarcon S, Tharp A, Ahmed OM, Estrella NL, Greene TA, Rucker J, Breslin PA. 
Perceptual variation in umami taste and polymorphisms in TAS1R taste and receptor genes. The 
American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009; 90(3):770S-779S.
52.
Breslin PA. Human gustation. In: Finger TE, Silver WL, Restrepo D, editors. The neurobiology of 
taste and smell. 2000. New York: Wiley-Liss. 423–461.
53.
Fushan AA, Simons CT, Slack JP, Drayna D. Association between common variation in genes 
encoding sweet taste signaling components and human sucrose perception. Chemical senses. 
2012; 35(7);579-592.
54.
Jensen KP, DeVito EE, Herman AI, Valentine GW, Gelernter J, Sofuoglu M. A CHRNA5 smoking 
risk variant decreases the aversive effects of nicotine in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 
2015; 40(12):2813-2821.
55.
Rawal S, Hayes JE, Wallace MR, Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB. Do polymorphisms in the TAS1R1 
gene contribute to broader differences in human taste intensity? Chemical senses. 2013; 
38(8):719-728.
56.
Risso DS, Kozlitina J, Sainz E, Gutierrez J, Wooding S, Getachew B, Luiselli D, Berg CJ, Drayna 
D. Genetic variation in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor and smoking behaviors. PLoS One. 
2016; 11(10):e0164157.
1.
Rosbrook K, Green BG. Sensory Effects of Menthol and Nicotine in an E-Cigarette. Nicotine Tob 
Res. 2016;18(7):1588-1595.
2.
Soria R, Stapleton JM, Gilson SF, Sampson-Cone A, Henningfield JE, London ED. Subjective 
and 
cardiovascular 
effects 
of 
intravenous 
nicotine 
in 
smokers 
and 
non-smokers. 
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996;128(3):221-226.
3.
Griffiths RR, Troisi JR, Silverman K, Mumford GK. Multiple-choice procedure: an efficient 
approach for investigating drug reinforcement in humans. Behav Pharmacol. 1993;4(1):3-13.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 35 of 40
4.
Green BG. Chemesthesis:  Pungency as a component of flavor. Trends in Food Science & 
Technology. 1996;7:415-420.
5.
Giovino GA, Sidney S, Gfroerer JC, et al. Epidemiology of menthol cigarette use. Nicotine & 
tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2004;6 
Suppl 1:S67-81.
6.
Menthol cigarettes and public health: review of the scientific evidence and recommendations. 
2011. 
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/TobaccoProd
uctsScientificAdvisoryCommittee/UCM247689.pd.
7.
Green BG. Menthol modulates oral sensations of warmth and cold. Physiology & behavior. 
1985;35(3):427-434.
8.
Green BG. The sensory effects of l-menthol on human skin. Somatosensory & motor research. 
1992;9(3):235-244.
9.
Eccles R. Menthol: effects on nasal sensation of airflow and the drive to breathe. Current allergy 
and asthma reports. 2003;3(3):210-214.
10.
Andersson DA, Chase HW, Bevan S. TRPM8 activation by menthol, icilin, and cold is differentially 
modulated by intracellular pH. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for 
Neuroscience. 2004;24(23):5364-5369.
11.
Krishnan-Sarin S, Green, B.G., Jordt, S.E., O'Malley, S.S. . The Science of Flavor in Tobaco 
Products; A report presented to the WHO Global Tobacco Regulators Forum. In. Tob Reg 
Technical Report Series: World Health Organization; 2017.
12.
Corey CG, Ambrose BK, Apelberg BJ, King BA. Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle 
and High School Students--United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 
2015;64(38):1066-1070.
13.
Villanti AC, Johnson AL, Ambrose BK, et al. Flavored Tobacco Product Use in Youth and Adults: 
Findings From the First Wave of the PATH Study (2013-2014). American journal of preventive 
medicine. 2017.
14.
Ambrose BK, Day HR, Rostron B, et al. Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among US Youth Aged 
12-17 Years, 2013-2014. JAMA. 2015;314(17):1871-1873.
15.
King BA, Dube SR, Tynan MA. Flavored cigar smoking among U.S. adults: findings from the 2009-
2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society 
for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2013;15(2):608-614.
16.
King BA, Tynan MA, Dube SR, Arrazola R. Flavored-little-cigar and flavored-cigarette use among 
U.S. middle and high school students. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54(1):40-46.
17.
Kong G, Morean ME, Cavallo DA, Camenga DR, Krishnan-Sarin S. Reasons for Electronic 
Cigarette Experimentation and Discontinuation Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine 
Tob Res. 2015;17(7):847-854.
18.
Pepper JK, Ribisl KM, Brewer NT. Adolescents' interest in trying flavoured e-cigarettes. Tobacco 
control. 2016;25(Suppl 2):ii62-ii66.
19.
Klein SM, Giovino GA, Barker DC, Tworek C, Cummings KM, O'Connor RJ. Use of flavored 
cigarettes among older adolescent and adult smokers: United States, 2004--2005. Nicotine Tob 
Res. 2008;10(7):1209-1214.
20.
Hoffman AC, Salgado RV, Dresler C, Faller RW, Bartlett C. Flavour preferences in youth versus 
adults: a review. Tobacco control. 2016;25(Suppl 2):ii32-ii39.
21.
Cooper M, Harrell MB, Perry CL. A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Real-World Electronic 
Cigarette Use: Implications for Measurement and Regulation. Preventing chronic disease. 
2016;13:E07.
22.
Kistler CE, Crutchfield TM, Sutfin EL, et al. Consumers' Preferences for Electronic Nicotine 
Delivery System Product Features: A Structured Content Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public 
Health. 2017;14(6).
23.
Czoli CD, Goniewicz M, Islam T, Kotnowski K, Hammond D. Consumer preferences for electronic 
cigarettes: results from a discrete choice experiment. Tobacco control. 2016;25(e1):e30-36.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 36 of 40
24.
Chen C, Zhuang YL, Zhu SH. E-Cigarette Design Preference and Smoking Cessation: A U.S. 
Population Study. American journal of preventive medicine. 2016;51(3):356-363.
25.
Meier E, Isaksson Vogel R, O'Connor RJ, Severson HH, Shields PG, Hatsukami DK. Preference 
for Flavored Noncombustible Nicotine Products Among Smokers Motivated to Switch From 
Cigarettes. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine 
and Tobacco. 2016;18(5):892-893.
26.
Krishnan-Sarin S, Green, B.G., Kong, G., Cavallo, D.A., Jatlow, P., Gueorguieva, R., Buta, E., 
O'Malley, S.S. Studying the interactive effects of menthol and nicotine among youth: an 
examination using e-cigarettes. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2017;in press.
27.
Krishnan-Sarin S, Cavallo DA, Cooney JL, et al. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of a 
novel high-school-based smoking cessation intervention for adolescent smokers using 
abstinence-contingent incentives and cognitive behavioral therapy. Drug and alcohol 
dependence. 2013;132(1-2):346-351.
28.
Krishnan-Sarin S, Duhig AM, McKee SA, et al. Contingency management for smoking cessation 
in adolescent smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;14(3):306-310.
29.
Staley JK, Krishnan-Sarin S, Cosgrove KP, et al. Human tobacco smokers in early abstinence 
have higher levels of beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors than nonsmokers. The Journal of 
neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2006;26(34):8707-8714.
30.
Cosgrove KP, Esterlis I, McKee SA, et al. Sex differences in availability of beta2*-nicotinic 
acetylcholine receptors in recently abstinent tobacco smokers. Archives of general psychiatry. 
2012;69(4):418-427.
31.
Cosgrove KP, Esterlis I, McKee S, et al. Beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate pain 
sensitivity in acutely abstinent tobacco smokers. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of 
the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2010;12(5):535-539.
32.
Kong G, Goldberg A, Dallery J, Krishnan-Sarin S. An Open-Label Pilot Study of a Smoking 
Cessation Intervention Using Mobile Phones to Deliver Contingency Management to High School 
Students. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. in press.
33.
Fals-Stewart W, O'Farrell TJ, Freitas TT, McFarlin SK, Rutigliano P. The timeline followback 
reports of psychoactive substance use by drug-abusing patients: psychometric properties. 
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2000;68(1):134-144.
34.
Sobell LC, Brown J, Leo GI, Sobell MB. The reliability of the Alcohol Timeline Followback when 
administered by telephone and by computer. Drug and alcohol dependence. 1996;42(1):49-54.
35.
Toll BA, Cooney NL, McKee SA, O'Malley SS. Correspondence between Interactive Voice 
Response (IVR) and Timeline Followback (TLFB) reports of drinking behavior. Addictive 
behaviors. 2006;31(4):726-731.
36.
Lewis-Esquerre JM, Colby SM, Tevyaw TO, Eaton CA, Kahler CW, Monti PM. Validation of the 
timeline follow-back in the assessment of adolescent smoking. Drug and alcohol dependence. 
2005;79(1):33-43.
37.
Green BG, Dalton P, Cowart B, Shaffer G, Rankin K, Higgins J. Evaluating the 'Labeled Magnitude 
Scale' for measuring sensations of taste and smell. Chem Senses. 1996;21(3):323-334.
38.
Lim J, Wood A, Green BG. Derivation and evaluation of a labeled hedonic scale. Chem Senses. 
2009;34(9):739-751.
39.
Morean ME, de Wit H, King AC, Sofuoglu M, Rueger SY, O'Malley SS. The drug effects 
questionnaire: psychometric support across three drug types. Psychopharmacology. 
2013;227(1):177-192.
40.
Soler X, Holbrook JT, Gerald LB, et al. Validity of the Asthma Control Test Questionnaire Among 
Smoking Asthmatics. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(1):151-158.
41.
Ameringer S, Elswick RK, Jr., Menzies V, et al. Psychometric Evaluation of the Patient-Reported 
Outcomes Measurement Information System Fatigue-Short Form Across Diverse Populations. 
Nurs Res. 2016;65(4):279-289.
42.
Bauman KE, Koch GG, Bryan ES, Haley NJ, Downton MI, Orlandi MA. On the measurement of 
tobacco use by adolescents. Validity of self-reports of smokeless tobacco use and validity of 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 37 of 40
cotinine as an indicator of cigarette smoking. American journal of epidemiology. 1989;130(2):327-
337.
43.
Schick SF, Blount BC, Jacob P, 3rd, et al. Biomarkers of Exposure to New and Emerging Tobacco 
and Nicotine Delivery Products. American journal of physiology Lung cellular and molecular 
physiology. 2017:ajplung.00343.02016.
44.
Shadel WG, Edelen MO, Tucker JS, Stucky BD, Hansen M, Cai L. Development of the PROMIS 
nicotine dependence item banks. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the Society for 
Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2014;16(Suppl 3):S190-201.
45.
Morean M, Krishnan-Sarin S, Sussman S, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Patient-Reported 
Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Nicotine Dependence Item Bank for use 
with electronic cigarettes. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the Society for Research 
on Nicotine and Tobacco. under reivew.
46.
Duhig AM, Cavallo DA, McKee SA, George TP, Krishnan-Sarin S. Daily patterns of alcohol, 
cigarette, and marijuana use in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. Addictive behaviors. 
2005;30(2):271-283.
47.
Cox LS, Tiffany ST, Christen AG. Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-
brief) in laboratory and clinical settings. Nicotine Tob Res. 2001;3(1):7-16.
48.
Hughes JR, Hatsukami D. Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 
1986;43(3):289-294.
49.
NACDAa. 
Guidelines 
for 
Administration 
of 
Drugs 
to 
Human 
Subjects. 
2006; 
https://www.drugabuse.gov/funding/clinical-research/nacda-guidelines-administration-drugs-to-
human-subjects.
50.
NACDAb. Guidlines for Substance Abuse Research Involving Children and Adolescents. 2012; 
https://www.drugabuse.gov/funding/clinical-research/nacda-guidelines-substance-abuse-
research-involving-children-adolescents.
Appendix
Psychological Evaluation: Standard Operating Procedure
Relevant eligibility criteria to be assessed by psychological evaluation:
1.Current criteria for moderate or severe cannabis or alcohol use disorder as per DSM-V criteria
2.Current criteria for mild moderate or severe substance use disorder on any other psychoactive 
substances as per DSM-V criteria except for tobacco use disorder.
3.Use of psychoactive drugs including anxiolytics, antidepressants, and other psychostimulants 
unless prescribed and stable for two months
4.Current diagnoses of any severe psychiatric disorder.
Introduction: 
Introduce yourself to participant (if applicable), explain the purpose of this portion of the intake (to 
assess brief mental health and substance use history to assess participant’s psychiatric health 
history and safety before participating in our study).
Note that you will ask some questions that are sensitive about drug, alcohol, and psychiatric 
history, but all information will be kept confidential and only shared with team members as 
necessary for the study
Capture current living situation (e.g., with whom and where) and employment (document on 
Psychological Evaluation Form).
Ask participants hobbies, other activities they do outside of employment, family life. 
For Substance Use eligibility criteria (1 & 2):
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 38 of 40
Collect tobacco use history, including what products they use. For each product, obtain age of 
initiation, current use frequency, products currently used, desire to quit, past quit experience 
[e.g., when, for how long]). Document on Psychological Evaluation Form. 
Assess ever use of alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, opioids, inhalants, PCP, hallucinogens, other 
substance. 
Collect details of ever self-reported drug and alcohol use (age of initiation, quantity, frequency, 
most recent use, any current use). Document on Psychological Evaluation Form. 
If past 12 month use of any of the above, assess presence and severity of SUD using SCID-RV 
(for DSM-5).
If applicable, following eval, confirm with Research Assistant conducting the intake that self-report 
of substance use matches the medical history reported. 
For Psychiatric criteria (3 & 4):
Ask participant for a brief mental health history. Specifically obtain any diagnoses, both formal or 
informal, length of symptoms, treatment(s) if any, and any current symptoms of psychiatric 
conditions. 
For current conditions, determine if participant has untreated symptoms associated with 
conditions (e.g. symptoms of depression, but no medication or therapy indicated). 
Assess any current medications (including sleep disturbances) and reasons for use. Document if 
taking any for less than 2 months. 
Assessment of suicide/homicide risk:
Suicide Risk: 
Utilize Beck Depression Inventory, Question 9 to assess suicidality. 
Preface by stating you are going to discuss suicidal thoughts and intentions. Acknowledge that 
these can be sensitive questions and reaffirm confidentiality if needed.
 Ask participant “Which of the following statements best describes how you feel right now?”
o
0. “I don’t have thoughts of killing/hurting yourself”
o
1. “I have thoughts of killing myself, but I would not carry them out”
o
2. “I would like to kill myself”
o
3. “I would kill myself if I got the chance” 
If greater than “0” above, assess: 
o
Description (e.g. “What are your thoughts”; “Tell me about your thoughts?”)
o
The timeframe of feelings (when the most recent feelings were and when they first 
started) 
o
How often these thoughts occur (“How often do these thoughts occur?)
o
Assess intention/plan (if not already reported)

Ask participant if they have thought about a plan (e.g. “Do you have a plan in 
place for this?” “Have you decided how or when you would kill yourself?”; “Have 
you worked out a plan for this?”)

If yes, assess plan and assess if they have the means (e.g. If they endorse use 
of gun, assess if they have access to a gun)
o
Previous attempts (“Have you had a suicide attempt in the past?”; get date(s))
o
Assess support system (e.g. who in their life they can discuss these feelings with) and if 
participant has strategies when these feelings occur (e.g. Do they have a way to keep 
themselves safe, such as talking to their support system). 
Deem if at immediate risk (e.g. indicating 2 or 3 or in follow up indicate current plan/intentions)
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 39 of 40
o
If at immediate risk, keep participant on the zoom/in person and encourage them to seek 
further help (e.g. going to the emergency room, calling 211 while you stay on the 
zoom/in room). Offer to call on their behalf while they are on the Zoom as well. 
o
Text/call Dana Cavallo (cell #: 203-610-9788) or Grace Kong (cell #: 646-236-3061)
o
If participant is at immediate risk and exits zoom, contact supervisors to determine plan 
of action. Contact participant’s emergency contact. 
If not at immediate risk, offer list of support services (confirm RA can text them list, have list 
available in text) and let participant know they can contact us if they have questions or would 
like a referral to support services. Offer/ask if participant is comfortable with being referred to 
senior clinician on staff (avoid term “supervisor”). 
Homicide Risk:
Ask participant: “Do you have any thoughts of hurting or harming others?”
If yes, assess: 
o
Description (e.g. “What are your thoughts”; “Tell me about your thoughts?”)
o
Timeframe of feelings, who feelings are about (specific person, do not need to get name, 
but do determine if specific person), How often these thoughts occur, intentions (e.g. 
“What would you do?”; “when would you do it?”)
o
Assess intention/plan (if not already reported)

Ask participant if they have thought about a plan (e.g. “Do you have a plan in 
place for this?” “Have you decided how or when?”; “Have you worked out a plan 
for this?”)

If yes, assess plan and assess if they have the means (e.g. If they endorse use 
of gun, assess if they have access to a gun)
o
Assess support system (e.g. who in their life they can discuss these feelings with) and if 
participant has strategies when these feelings occur (e.g. Do they have a way to keep 
others safe such as talking to their support system). 
o
If at risk of harming other (express intentions/plan), follow up with team to determine 
action plan. 
o
If immediate risk, text/call Dana Cavallo (cell #: 203-610-9788) or Grace Kong (cell #: 
646-236-3061).
Additional Information: 
Collect any additional information from participant, such as legal history if that is relevant.
Thank participant for their time and willingness to share.
Post Evaluation:
Save Psychological Evaluation form and accompanying paperwork (i.e. SCID) in (Z:\E-cig and 
Flavors Project 2 (TCORS2)\Data\Study 2\Study 2 Psych Evals to be signed) and email Grace 
Kong & Dana Cavallo that there is a psych evaluation for review. If second opinion is needed for 
eligibility or safety reasons, inform them that it is urgent.
Determine eligibility and confirm to research assistant (if applicable).
Save signed documentation in shared drive in participant folder. 
Tips:

Try to ask open-ended questions, so they cannot say give “No” type answer. 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
Page 40 of 40

Don’t make people feel alienated for their drug/psych use (e.g. for reference points for 
frequency of always over-exaggerate; never appearing shocked or surprised by report).

You shouldn’t feel like you’re are doing this alone. Don’t hesitate to get additional feedback. If 
you have any concern or worry, don’t be afraid to ask. 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023

ICF_002.pdf: 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
1
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
COMPOUND AUTHORIZATION AND CONSENT FOR 
PARTICIPATION IN A RESEARCH STUDY
YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
Study Title: Effects of E-cigarette Flavors on Young Adults 
Principal Investigator (the person who is responsible for this research): 
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, PhD
S-208, 34 Park Street
New Haven, CT 06519
Phone Number: 203-974-7595
Research Study Summary:

We are asking you to join a research study.

The purpose of this research study is to examine the effects of different e-cigarette flavors 
on how much people like/dislike e-cigarettes. 

Study procedures will include one intake visit to complete questionnaires to see if you are 
eligible for the study and one lab visit. During the lab visit, participants will sample two 
flavors of an e-cigarette that contains nicotine. They will also fill out questionnaires and 
complete some other measures, like blood pressure. We will also conduct a follow up phone 
call one month after completing the study.

During the lab session, we will ask you to wear a silicone smartband, similar to a smartwatch 
or fitbit. You will wear this on the same arm that you use to vape the e-cigarette. The 
smartband is used to monitor movement to track e-cigarette puffing behavior. 

2 visits are required; one intake visit to see if you are eligible and one visit.

The intake and lab visit will each take about 2 hours.  

There are some risks from participating in this study including the risks of vaping an e-
cigarette that contains nicotine, withdrawal from nicotine before your lab appointment, 
collecting urine and saliva during the study, completing questionnaires and assessments, 
and potential risks to confidential information. We’ll go over these risks in detail in this 
consent document.

The study may have no benefits to you but will help inform public health by helping us 
understand how flavors in e-cigarettes affect use.

Taking part in this study is your choice. You can choose to take part, or you can choose not 
to take part in this study. You can also change your mind at any time. Whatever choice you 
make, you will not lose access to your medical care or give up any legal rights or benefits. 

If you are interested in learning more about the study, please continue reading, or have 
someone read to you, the rest of this document. Take as much time as you need before you 
make your decision. Ask the study staff questions about anything you do not understand. 
Once you understand the study, we will ask you if you wish to participate; if so, you will have 
to sign this form.
Why is this study being offered to me?
We are asking you to take part in a research study because you are a young adult between 18-
20 years old and report using e-cigarettes that contain nicotine. We are looking for 40 
participants to be part of this research study. 
Who is paying for the study?
This study is funded by the Food & Drug Administration’s Center for Tobacco Products and the 
National Institute on Drug Abuse.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
2
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
What is the study about? 
The purpose of this study is to examine the how different types of flavors in nicotine e-cigarettes 
can influence how much an e-cigarette is liked and used by young adults. 
What are you asking me to do and how long will it take? 
If you agree to take part in this study, this is what will happen: 

Intake visit: Study participants will first be asked to complete an intake visit to determine if 
they are eligible. You will come to the CT Mental Health Center at 34 Park Street, New 
Haven or SATU at 1 Long Wharf Dr., New Haven for this appointment. We will read you this 
consent form and if you agree to participate, you will sign it. During this appointment, you 
will provide personal information, including your medical history and your history and current 
use of nicotine and tobacco products. Information will be collected by you filling out 
questionnaires via a website and the researcher administering questionnaires. You will also 
have a brief clinical evaluation in which you will meet with a licensed clinical psychologist, a 
licensed social worker, or team member supervised by a licensed clinical psychologist on 
the research team to review your psychological history. We will also collect a urine sample 
to detect cotinine (a byproduct of nicotine), which will help us understand more about your 
current use of nicotine products. 
We will also use the urine sample to verify that you are not currently using other drugs or are 
currently pregnant. Pregnant females will not be allowed to participate. If you test positive for 
any drugs aside from marijuana at the intake appointment, you will not be paid for the visit, 
but will have the opportunity to reschedule this appointment one time. Additionally, we will 
collect blood pressure, heart rate, spirometry (a measure of lung function), and pulse 
oximetry, which measures how well oxygen is being sent through the body. This is 
measured using a clip-like device on your finger and is quick and painless.  For 
appointments, we ask that you do not bring any weapons to any appointments you have 
with us. We ask that you do not drink any alcoholic beverages for 12 hours prior to your 
appointment time.  If we suspect that you may be intoxicated, we may do a breathalyzer, 
ask you to remain in the clinic until it is safe to leave, and may reschedule your appointment. 
If participants would like, we can complete consent and questionnaires remotely 
(using Zoom or Facetime) and then can set up a time to collect the measures that 
would need to be in person, such as a urine sample and a blood pressure reading. 

COVID-19 Related Procedures: You must be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 (as 
defined by CDC guidelines). Before you decide whether to participate in this study, talk to 
your study doctor or tour research team about anything you do not understand or any 
concerns you may have.  For all in person visits, we will ask that you fill out a COVID 
symptom online questionnaire beforehand. This questionnaire will be sent to you via an 
online link to your cell phone or email (depending on your preference). Depending on 
symptoms, we may need to call you to follow up on your symptoms. You will not be allowed 
to attend in-person visits until your COVID symptom questionnaires are completed. If you 
are not able to fill out the online questionnaire, study staff can administer the questionnaire 
via phone. Additionally, at all appointments, you will be asked to wear mask and study staff 
will also wear masks and gloves. If you do not have a mask, one will be provided to you by 
study staff. You will be asked about COVID symptoms. A temperature check will be 
conducted. If you report symptoms, have a temperature of >100, you will be escorted out of 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
3
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
the building and asked to reschedule your visit. You will be instructed to immediately contact 
their primary health care provide or call the Campus COVID Resource line (203-432-6604).

Lab Session (1 Total): For this study, you will complete one lab visit that will be 
approximately 2 hours long. Laboratory sessions are conducted on weekdays at the J.B. 
Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Ave in New Haven, CT or at the West Campus Research 
Unit (WCRU), 500 West Campus Dr, West Haven, CT. 
At the beginning of the lab session, we will collect blood pressure, spirometry (a measure of 
lung function), heart rate, and pulse oximetry. We will also collect a saliva and urine sample 
and have you fill out some general health questionnaires. If you are female, we will also 
conduct a pregnancy test prior to the vaping session.
After this, we will familiarize you with the e-cigarette and rating scales we will be using to 
make sure you understand how to complete them. During this practice, an e-cigarette 
without nicotine or any flavors will be used. 
During the lab session, you will sample two e-cigarette flavors. For each flavor, you will 
inhale from the e-cigarette ten times taking a three-second-long puff each time you inhale. 
Then you will complete questionnaires about the e-cigarette experience and give a saliva 
sample. After waiting 30 minutes, you will do the same procedure with a second flavor. 
During that 30-minute period you can drink water but should not eat or drink anything else. 
The e-cigarettes will contain nicotine and only you will be using the e-cigarettes you are 
given (they will not be used by others). If you feel any uncomfortable side effects during lab 
sessions (e.g., nausea, vomiting), you will be told that you can discontinue the puffing bout 
at any time. After using both e-cigarettes, you will complete a brief interview about the e-
cigarette flavors you tried. You will not be told the flavors or nicotine concentration the e-
cigarettes are. We will note that the level of nicotine in these products is like commercial e-
cigarettes. 
During the lab session, we will ask you to wear a silicone smartband, similar to a smartwatch 
or fitbit. You will wear this on the same arm that you use to vape the e-cigarette. The 
smartband is used to monitor movement to track e-cigarette puffing behavior. 
For your safety, the lab session will take place in a private environmentally controlled room 
that utilizes continuous floor-to-ceiling airflow to limit exposure. The rooms have plexiglass 
dividers to adhere to social distancing guidelines when in-person interactions are necessary. 
Other times, instructions and communication will occur remotely using a 2-way audio 
system. Hand sanitizer will be available, and you will be asked to wear a mask when 
possible, during the session and gloves for the duration of the lab session. 

Assessment and Educational Materials: At the end of the lab session, you will discuss the 
similarities between the e-cigarette you used in the experiment and your own e-cigarettes, 
including your perceptions about use and risk of e-cigarettes. You will be provided with 
educational information about the potential risk of continued e-cigarette use as well as 
quitting resources. This should last approximately 10 minutes. 

Follow Up Appointment: You will be asked to complete a brief, paid follow up phone call 
one month after study completion to fill out some questionnaires regarding your health and 
current e-cigarette use and preference of flavored tobacco products. 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
4
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
What are the risks and discomforts of participating? 
1) COVID and Tobacco Product Use: Although the science on the relationship between 
COVID and tobacco use such as e-cigarettes is still not clear, you should remember that 
using tobacco products like e-cigarettes could lead to respiratory conditions. Although 
scientific evidence is incomplete, some studies have suggested that use of e-cigarettes may 
add to your risk of getting COVID-19 and may contribute to the severity of illness if you do 
get the virus. We recommend you follow the CDC guidelines for the most up to date 
information about ways to reduce your risk for exposure to COVID-19. 
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
If you develop symptoms for COVID-19 (fever, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty 
breathing, muscle aches, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, 
diarrhea, new loss of taste or smell) or have known or suspected exposure, please self-
isolate and contact your healthcare provider to discuss obtaining a test for COVID-19. 
Please inform research staff if you develop any of these symptoms or have 
known/suspected exposure to COVID-19. If you become infected with COVID-19, we 
recommend you stop using all tobacco products.
The potential risks in this study are related to 1) Use of e-cigarette and flavors 2) Nicotine 
administration, 3) Urine and saliva collections, 4) Tobacco use and Drug use 5) Limits to 
Confidentiality and 6) Rating scales and assessments 
2) Use of e-cigarette and flavors: You were asked to participate because you have 
experience with e-cigarettes, therefore reducing the risk to experience any kind of adverse 
reaction to an e-cigarette. As a current e-cigarette user, you are already self-administering 
nicotine (as indicated by cotinine levels at Intake) and already have experience with various 
e-cigarette flavors. The lab session will be conducted by trained research staff sensitive to 
tobacco users and trained to monitor any potential adverse effects. We will also include a 
debriefing/motivational intervention after the last session and offer you referral sources to 
quit tobacco use if you are interested.
Information Related to Cases of Severe Pulmonary Illness and Vaping (EVALI): There have 
been reported cases of severe pulmonary illness linked to “vaping” or e-cigarette use, called 
“E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI)”. These cases included 
symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, fatigue, nausea, 
vomiting, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain. Some patients reported symptoms to have 
occurred over a few days and some reported to have occurred over a few weeks. Vaping-
related disorders have ranged from mild to severe with hospitalization, intensive care with 
breathing machines and in some cases death. In most cases, but not all, people 
experiencing these symptoms were using cannabidiol (CBD) and marijuana (THC) e-liquids, 
and/or using e-cigarette devices and e-liquids that were mixed at home or purchased off 
market (such as purchasing an e-liquid or device on the street, not from a licensed retailer). 
Laboratory data show that Vitamin E Acetate, an additive in some THC-containing e-
cigarette or vaping products is strongly linked to EVALI. 
The Center for Disease Control (www.cdc.gov) has issued the following information on 
vaping: 
•
CDC and FDA recommend that people not use THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, 
products, particularly from informal sources like friends, family, or in-person or online 
dealers.
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
5
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
•
Vitamin E acetate should not be added to any e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Additionally, 
people should not add any other substances not intended by the manufacturer to products, 
including products purchased through retail establishments.
•
Adults using nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products as an alternative to 
cigarettes should not go back to smoking; they should weigh all available information and 
consider using FDA-approved smoking cessation medications. If they choose to use e-
cigarettes as an alternative to cigarettes, they should completely switch from cigarettes to e-
cigarettes and not partake in an extended period of dual use of both products that delays 
quitting smoking completely. They should contact their healthcare professional if they need 
help quitting tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, as well as if they have concerns about 
EVALI.
•
E-cigarette, or vaping, products (nicotine- or THC-containing) should never be used by 
youths, young adults, or women who are pregnant.
•
Adults who do not currently use tobacco products should not start using e-cigarette, or 
vaping, products.
•
THC use has been associated with a wide range of health effects, particularly with 
prolonged frequent use. The best way to avoid potentially harmful effects is to not use THC-
containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products.
•
Persons engaging in ongoing cannabis use that leads to significant impairment or distress 
should seek evidence-based treatment by a healthcare professional.
•
The e-cigarettes and e-liquid pods that we use in the current study are purchased only from 
a licensed retailer and do not contain CBD, THC, or Vitamin E Acetate. The pods we are 
giving you contain nicotine, solvents, and flavorings. At this time, we do not know what the 
risks associated with the use of the e-cigarettes and e-liquids, flavors, etc. that we use in 
this study are, and who might develop symptoms. However, despite these safety measures, 
it is possible you could still be affected. 
Although there is much research devoted to EVALI, the exact cause of this lung injury 
remains unknown. Therefore, we ask you to abstain from using tobacco and THC-containing 
products from unknown sources, as they may not comply with standards set by Good 
Manufacturing Practices and could contain contaminants. The symptoms of EVALI can 
include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, 
fever, chills, or weight loss. If you feel sick or experience any of these symptoms, contact the 
study team as soon as possible.
We will assess your health at the intake to make sure you are healthy prior to participating 
and will continue to monitor your health closely during the study. If you experience any 
symptoms (such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, shortness of breath, 
chest pain) or have other concerns, please let us know and let your doctor know right away. 
Go to the emergency room right away if your symptoms are severe or increase rapidly. It is 
possible that the hospital may report cases of illness after using e-cigarettes to the State 
Health Department and the CDC. The report could contain the name and address of the 
person who is ill.
In addition, e-cigarettes contain other chemicals besides nicotine including propylene 
glycol/vegetable glycol/vegetable glycerin. At this time, we do not know the risks associated 
with the propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin that may in the fillers in the liquids used in this 
study. 
It is important to note that there may be unforeseen risks (such as allergic reactions). Some 
people are allergic to propylene glycol. You should not participate if you are allergic to 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
6
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
propylene glycol. We will be using e-liquids that are made to be identical to e-cigarettes that 
are currently available commercially. Some research has indicated that in large doses 
propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin can be harmful. All levels of e-liquids administered 
in this research study are below any potentially harmful levels. You may experience burning 
or irritation when using the e-cigarettes. Research staff will monitor e-cigarette use during 
the lab session. If you feel any discomfort or need to stop for any reason, please let the 
researcher know. You can stop the session at any point.
Use of flavors: Currently, there is little known about the short and long-term effects of 
inhaling flavorants. There may be unforeseen risks (such as allergic reactions). We will be 
using e-liquids that are made to be identical to e-cigarettes that are currently available 
commercially with flavors doses like current commercial products. If you experience any side 
effects, you can stop the session at any point. Research staff will monitor e-cigarette use 
during the lab session. If you feel any discomfort or need to stop for any reason, please let 
the researcher know.
We will provide you with referral sources to quit e-cigarette use if you are interested.
3)  Nicotine administration: Common side effects of nicotine include nausea, vomiting,
heartburn, and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. You will be offered light snacks to 
reduce the incidence of nausea from nicotine administration that may be heightened by 
administration of nicotine on an empty stomach. Toxic doses of nicotine may cause 
abdominal pain, hyper salivation, diarrhea, dizziness, confusion, hearing and vision 
problems, fainting, seizures, hypotension (low blood pressure), irregular pulse, and death. 
However, these toxic effects occur at doses 40 to 50 times higher than those that will be 
used in this study. Also, since you are an e-cigarette user, it is not likely that you will 
experience side effects. Again, if you experience any side effects or feel uncomfortable, you 
can stop the session at any point.
4)  Urine and saliva collections: Urine collections will be done at your intake appointment 
and lab session to measure the amount of cotinine in your body. Saliva samples will be 
collected during the lab sessions to determine nicotine and cotinine levels. This is done by 
chewing on a cotton salivette (swab) around in your mouth for thirty seconds. Urine and 
saliva sample collection is not risky.
5)  Tobacco Use and Drug use: You will be asked about current and past use of illicit "street" 
drugs at the intake to rule out substance abuse. If you are currently using certain drugs, you 
may not be eligible to participate.
6)  Limits to confidentiality: We do not reveal any personal information collected as part of 
the research procedures, including your reported tobacco use and other substance use 
history. However, there is always the possibility that if you participate in the study, others, 
including friends, may become aware of your tobacco use status. If you do not feel 
comfortable with this, you should not participate in the project.
7)  Rating scales and assessments: These are all noninvasive and should add no risk. The 
major disadvantages are the time taken to complete them, and possible breach of 
confidentiality. You can choose not to answer any questions that may make you feel 
uncomfortable.
How will I know about new risks or important information about the study? 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
7
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
We will tell you if we learn any new information that could change your mind about taking part in 
this study. 
How can the study possibly benefit me?
In this study we monitor for the symptoms of EVALI, which is a direct benefit for those who may 
be at risk for developing this condition. There are no other direct benefits of this study. 
How can the study possibly benefit other people?
We expect that the results of the study, however, will benefit science and others through 
increasing our knowledge of how e-cigarette flavors alter vaping behavior.
Are there any costs to participation? 
You will not have to pay for taking part in this study. The only costs include transportation and 
your time coming to the study visits.
Will I be paid for participation? 
You will be paid for taking part in this study. You will be compensated $50 for the intake 
appointment and $100 for the lab session. Both payments will be cash. For the follow up phone 
call, you will be paid $25 in the form on an Amazon gift card or cash. You will be compensated 
$20/day for travel to in person appointments (up to a total of $40) if not utilizing travel services 
provided by the study (i.e., you will not receive travel payment if the study arranges a cab 
service to take you to your appointment. You are responsible for paying state, federal, or other 
taxes for the payments you receive for being in this study. Taxes are not withheld from your 
payments.
You may also earn a $25 referral bonus for each friend that you refer to participate in this study. 
To receive this bonus, your friend(s) must complete the intake appointment. 
What are my choices if I decide not to take part in this study?
Instead of participating in this study, you can choose not to participate in this study.
How will you keep my data safe and private?
We will keep information we collect about you confidential. We will share it with others if you 
agree to it or when we must do it because U.S. or State law requires it. For example, we will tell 
somebody if we learn that you are hurting a child or an older person.
We understand that information about you obtained in connection with your health is personal, 
and we are committed to protecting the privacy of that information.  If you decide to be in this 
study, the researcher will get information that identifies you and your personal health 
information.  This may include information that might directly identify you, such as your name 
and demographic information. This information will be de-identified at the earliest reasonable 
time after we receive it, meaning we will replace your identifying information with a code that 
does not directly identify you. The principal investigator will keep a link that identifies you to your 
coded information, and this link will be kept secure and available only to the PI or selected 
members of the research team. Any information that can identify you will remain confidential.  
The research team will only give this coded information to others to carry out this research 
study. The link to your personal information will be kept for 7 years after the conclusion of the 
study, after which time the link will be destroyed and the data will become anonymous. The data 
will be kept in this anonymous form indefinitely.  
If you decide that you will be in this study, and you will be visiting the Connecticut Mental 
Health Center (CMHC) as part of your study procedures, some information about your 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
8
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
participation in this research study will become part of your CMHC medical record that 
identifies you. If you do not already have a medical record at CMHC, one will be made for your 
visit. This chart will say you are/were a research participant and had an EKG and lab work at 
the CMHC.
If you complete the laboratory portion of this study at the WCRU, a Yale New Haven Hospital 
medical record will also be created for you if you do not already have one. The information that 
will be entered into your YNHH medical record will include the following: name, contact 
information, social security number, and that you are participating in a research study. This 
record will be confidential. 
When we publish the results of the research or talk about it in conferences, we will not use your 
name. If we want to use your name, we will ask you for your permission.  
We may also share information about study results with other researchers for future research, 
but we will not use your name or other identifiers. This includes information like study urine or 
saliva samples, which will not have identifiable information on them. We will not ask you for any 
additional permission.
What Information Will You Collect About Me in this Study?
The information we are asking to use, and share is called “Protected Health Information.” It is 
protected by a federal law called the Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and 
Accountability Act (HIPAA). In general, we cannot use or share your health information for 
research without your permission. If you want, we can give you more information about the 
Privacy Rule. Also, if you have any questions about the Privacy Rule and your rights, you can 
speak to Yale Privacy Officer at 203-432-5919.
The specific information about you and your health that we will collect, use, and share includes:
• Research study records
• Medical and laboratory records of only those services provided in connection with this study.  
• Records about phone calls made as part of this research
• Records about your study visits
• Information obtained during this research regarding
o
Assessments and questionnaires
o
The diagnosis and treatment of medical and/or mental health conditions
o
Use of illegal drugs or the study of illegal behavior
o
Records about any study e-cigarette you received
How will you use and share my information?
We will use your information to conduct the study described in this consent form. 
We may share your information with:
•
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) agencies
•
Representatives from Yale University, the Yale Human Research Protection Program and 
the Institutional Review Board (the committee that reviews, approves, and monitors 
research on human participants), who are responsible for ensuring research compliance.  
These individuals are required to keep all information confidential. 
•
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) This is done so that the FDA can review 
information about e-cigarettes involved in this research.  The information may also be 
used to meet the reporting requirements of drug regulatory agencies.  
•
The study sponsor 
•
Principal Investigator of the study
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
9
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
•
Study Coordinator and Members of the Research Team 
•
Data and Safety Monitoring Boards and others authorized to monitor the conduct of the 
Study 
We will do our best to make sure your information stays private. But, if we share information 
with people who do not have to follow the Privacy Rule, your information will no longer be 
protected by the Privacy Rule. Let us know if you have questions about this. However, to better 
protect your health information, agreements are in place with these individuals and/or 
companies that require that they keep your information confidential.
Why must I sign this document?
By signing this form, you will allow researchers to use and disclose your information described 
above for this research study. This is to ensure that the information related to this research is 
available to all parties who may need it for research purposes. You always have the right to 
review and copy your health information in your medical record. However, this is a double 
blinded study and if you sign this permission form, you will not be allowed to look at or copy your 
study related information until after the research is completed.  
What if I change my mind?
The authorization to use and disclose your health information collected during your participation 
in this study will never expire.  However, you may withdraw or take away your permission at any 
time. You may withdraw your permission by telling the study staff or by writing to Suchitra 
Krishnan-Sarin, PhD at the 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06511.
If you withdraw your permission, you will not be able to stay in this study but the care you get 
from your doctor outside this study will not change. No new health information identifying you 
will be gathered after the date you withdraw. Information that has already been collected may 
still be used and given to others until the end of the research study to ensure the integrity of the 
study and/or study oversight.  
Who will pay for treatment if I am injured or become ill due to participation in the study? 
You or your insurance carrier will be expected to pay the costs of this treatment. No additional 
financial compensation for injury or lost wages is available. You do not give up any of your legal 
rights by signing this consent form.
What if I want to refuse or end participation before the study is over? 
Taking part in this study is your choice. You can choose to take part, or you can choose not to 
take part in this study.  You also can change your mind at any time.  Whatever choice you 
make, you will not lose access to your medical care or give up any legal rights or benefits. 
We would still treat you with standard therapy or, at your request, refer you to a clinic or doctor 
who can offer this treatment. Not participating or withdrawing later will not harm your 
relationship with your own doctors or with this institution.  
To withdraw from the study, you can call a member of the research team at any time and tell 
them that you no longer want to take part.  
The researchers may withdraw you from participating in the research if necessary. Examples of 
reasons the researchers might withdraw you includes:
•
You do not follow directions of the study team
•
The study team decides the study is not in your best interest 
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023


APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023
 IRB Protocol#2000023077 
10
Consent Form Template (Biomedical)
Version 01/21/2019
•
You become pregnant, intend to become pregnant, or are nursing a child during this
study.
What will happen with my data if I stop participating?
When you withdraw from the study, no new health information identifying you will be gathered 
after that date. Information that has already been gathered may still be used and given to others 
until the end of the research study, as necessary to ensure the integrity of the study and/or 
study oversight.
If you withdraw from the study, biological samples (for example, urine samples) that have been 
collected from you can be withdrawn if they have not yet been analyzed or destroyed. If you 
want your samples withdrawn, you must tell the study team before or at the time you leave the 
study.
Who should I contact if I have questions? 
Please feel free to ask about anything you don't understand. 
If you have questions later or if you have a research-related problem, you can call the Principal 
Investigator at 203-974-7595.
If you have questions about your rights as a research participant, or you have complaints about 
this research, you call the Yale Institutional Review Boards at (203) 785-4688 or email 
hrpp@yale.edu.
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by 
U.S. Law (NCT03634839). This Web site will not include information that can identify you. At 
most, the Web site will include a summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any 
time.
Authorization and Permission
Your signature below indicates that you have read this consent document and that you agree to 
be in this study.  
We will give you a copy of this form.
Participant Printed Name
Participant Signature
Date
Person Obtaining Consent Printed Name
Person Obtaining Consent Signature
Date
APPROVED BY THE YALE UNIVERSITY IRB 4/12/2023