Clinical trial NCT03538938
Conditions: Tobacco Use Cessation
Keywords: Smoking Smoking cessation Quitline Nicotine Replacement Therapy SmokefreeTXT text messages Financial incentives
Sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Madison
Start date: 2018-06-07; Completion date: 2023-08-15
Enrollment: 1316 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: FACTORIAL

Brief summary:
This study seeks to evaluate ways to improve outcomes for low-education, uninsured or Medicaid-eligible smokers who do not successfully quit with standard telephone quit line treatment. The study will use an efficient factorial study design to evaluate four evidence-based strategies to improve follow-up care offered by the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) to socioeconomically disadvantaged callers who report smoking four months following initial WTQL treatment comprising a single counseling call and 2-week supply of a single nicotine replacement therapy. These strategies include: increasing the intensity of nicotine replacement medication (among those medically cleared to use such medications), increasing the intensity of WTQL counseling, helping callers enroll in an evidence-based smoking cessation texting support program (SmokefreeTXT), and offering moderate financial incentives for engagement in counseling and SmokefreeTXT.

Detailed description:
This study seeks to evaluate ways to improve outcomes for low-education, uninsured or Medicaid-eligible smokers who do not successfully quit with standard telephone quit line treatment. The study will use an efficient factorial study design to evaluate four evidence-based strategies to improve follow-up care offered by the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) to socioeconomically disadvantaged callers who report smoking four months following initial WTQL treatment comprising a single counseling call and 2-week supply of a single nicotine replacement therapy. The four factors (strategies) to be studied include: (1) Quit line counseling intensity (1 vs 4 proactive calls); (2) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) intensity (Patch for 2 weeks vs Patch+Lozenge for 4 weeks); (3) SmokefreeTXT text messages (proactive enrollment vs none); and (4) financial incentives for treatment engagement (vs none). The study design is a fully-crossed 4-factor factorial design. The primary aim is: Assessment of the main and interactive effects of the four treatment factors on biochemically-confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at the 6-month followup. Secondary aims include testing: (1) self-reported abstinence at 12 weeks post-quit; (2) continuous abstinence between 1 and 6 months; (3) cost-effectiveness; and (4) moderators of treatment engagement and mediators of treatment effectiveness on 6-month abstinence.

Arms: arm 1: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to two weeks prior to the target quit day and for six weeks following the target quit day). Financial Incentives for treatment engagement are for completing the counseling call and for staying enrolled in the SmokefreeTXT program for six weeks. arm 2: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to two weeks prior to the target quit day and for six weeks following the target quit day). Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 3: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, No SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. Financial Incentives for treatment engagement are for completing the counseling call. arm 4: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, No SmokeFreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 5: Participants will receive the following: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, 4 weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. Patch treatment will consist of a 4 week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg if smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg if smoking fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). SmokefreeTXT will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to two weeks prior to the target quit day \[TQD\] and for 6 weeks following the TQD). The Financial Incentives are for completing the counseling call and for staying enrolled in the SmokefreeTXT program for 6 weeks. arm 6: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, four weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a 4-week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg if smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg if smoking fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a 4-week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to 2 weeks prior to the target quit day and for six weeks following the target quit day). Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 7: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, four weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, No SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). No SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will be offered proactively. The Financial Incentives for treatment engagement are for completing the counseling call. arm 8: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 1-Call Quitline Counseling, four weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, No SmokefreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. The proactive counseling call will last approximately 20 minutes. The Patch treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 9: Participants will receive the following treatment combination:4-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to two weeks prior to the target quit day and for six weeks following the target quit day). The Financial Incentives for treatment engagement are for completing each of the four counseling calls and for staying enrolled in the SmokefreeTXT program for six weeks. arm 10: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to two weeks prior to the target quit day and for six weeks following the target quit day). Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 11: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, No SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. The Financial Incentives for treatment engagement are for completing each of the four counseling calls. arm 12: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, two weeks of Nicotine Patch, No SmokefreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 13: Participants will receive: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, 4 weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each counseling call will last approximately 20 min. Patch treatment will consist of a 4 week supply of over-the-counter (OTC) nicotine patches (21 mg for if smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg if smoking fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a 4 week supply of OTC nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 min of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 min of waking). SmokefreeTXT in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to 2 weeks prior to the target quit day \[TQD\] and for 6 weeks following the TQD). Financial Incentives are for completing each of the 4 counseling calls and for staying enrolled in SmokefreeTXT for 6 weeks. arm 14: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, four weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, instruction in enrolling in SmokefreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Patch treatment will consist of a 4-week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a 4-week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). SmokefreeTXT in support of cessation will consist of 6-8 weeks of text messages (up to 5 messages per day for up to 2 weeks prior to the target quit day and for 6 weeks following the target quit day). Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered. arm 15: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, four weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenge, No SmokefreeTXT, and Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). SmokefreeTXT text messaging in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. The Financial Incentives for treatment engagement are for completing each of the four counseling calls. arm 16: Participants will receive the following treatment combination: 4-Call Quitline Counseling, four weeks of Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenges, No SmokefreeTXT, and No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement. Each of the proactive counseling calls will last approximately 20 minutes. The Patch treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD); Lozenge treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). SmokefreeTXT in support of cessation will not be offered proactively. Financial Incentives for treatment engagement will not be offered.
Interventions: intervention 1: 1-Call Quitline Counseling intervention 2: 4-Call Quitline Counseling intervention 3: Nicotine patch intervention 4: Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenge intervention 5: SmokefreeTXT intervention 6: No SmokefreeTXT intervention 7: Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement intervention 8: No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: The 1-Call Quitline Counseling will be provided by the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) and consists of 1 proactive call using a standard, evidence-based protocol lasting approximately 20 minutes; ad hoc calls that are initiated by the participant are also available. intervention 2: The 4-Call Quitline Counseling will be provided by the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) and consists of 4 proactive calls that use a standard, evidence-based protocol with each call lasting approximately 20 minutes; ad hoc calls that are initiated by the participant are also available. intervention 3: Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a two week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD). intervention 4: The Nicotine Patch treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine patches (21 mg for those who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day (CPD); 14 mg for those who smoke fewer than 10 CPD); the Nicotine Lozenge treatment will consist of a four week supply of over-the-counter nicotine lozenges (2-mg dose for those who do not smoke within 30 minutes of waking; 4-mg dose for those who smoke within 30 minutes of waking). intervention 5: SmokefreeTXT support is a national program offered at no cost to users (apart from data/minute costs charged by cellular providers about which enrollees are advised at enrollment) and is sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. This program sends up to 5 messages per day for up to 2 weeks prior to the target quit day and 6 weeks following the target quit day (total duration may be longer if participants elect to change the target quit day). The text messages offer tips to help enrollees achieve their goal of quitting smoking and offer real-time interactive tips when participants text in responses indicating cravings, negative moods, or slips. Participants have the option to reset quit dates and have the option to unsubscribe at any time by texting STOP to the program. intervention 6: Proactive information about enrolling in adjunctive SmokefreeTXT text messaging support is not offered. intervention 7: Incentives for treatment engagement are for each counseling session and for staying enrolled in SmokefreeTXT for six weeks. These incentives are designed to bolster motivation to stay engaged in treatment and to offset the costs and effort of treatment engagement (in terms of cell phone minutes). intervention 8: No Financial Incentives for Treatment Engagement are offered.

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_001.pdf: 
Version: September 20, 2022 
1 
 
Title: Research Plan and Protocol: Improving Quitline Support (IQS) Study 
 
Principal Investigators: Danielle E. McCarthy (Contact PI) and Michael C. Fiore, University of 
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Center for Tobacco 
Research and Intervention 
 
Protocol Version: September 20, 2022 
 
Coordinating Center Identification: University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and 
Intervention 
 
Co-Investigators: Timothy B. Baker (University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public 
Health) 
 
Study Coordinator: Kate Kobinsky  
 
 
Funding Sponsor: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Grant R01CA218156 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Version: September 20, 2022 
2 
 
Research Plan and Protocol: Improving Quitline Support (IQS) Study 
 
I. 
SIGNIFICANCE 
 
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer and many other deadly diseases, 
and the burden of tobacco use is greatest among those with limited socioeconomic resources1. 
This proposal focuses on low-income smokers (i.e., Medicaid-eligible and uninsured) because 
smoking prevalence in these groups remains very high (27-30%), both in absolute terms and 
relative to the general population2-4. Low-income smokers also develop cancer at higher rates5 
and struggle more to quit than do higher-income smokers6-10. These disparities in tobacco use 
and its burdens must be addressed. Highly effective cessation treatment services that can be 
delivered remotely, flexibly, and conveniently with few cost or logistical barriers have the potential 
to achieve this aim.  
 
The Wisconsin Tobacco Quit line (WTQL) is a public (state-sponsored) program that serves 
residents of Wisconsin who smoke, including smokers with little education and uninsured and low-
income residents eligible for Medicaid (BaderCare Plus in Wisconsin), a public health insurance 
program. This proposal focuses on Medicaid-eligible, uninsured, and low-education smokers 
because smoking prevalence in these groups is roughly double that of the general population2-4. 
The proposal focuses on enhancing care delivered through the WTQL, a low-barrier service with 
broad reach and demonstrated attractiveness in this population; about half of callers to tobacco 
quit lines in Wisconsin and in the U.S. report being uninsured or covered by Medicaid11-12, and still 
more have no  more than a high school education, which is often associated with socioeconomic 
disadvantage. Although quit lines are effective, the absolute quit rates achieved are modest13-14, 
and this is particularly true among low-income callers15-16.  
 
The current project seeks to evaluate ways to improve outcomes for low-education, uninsured or 
Medicaid-eligible smokers who do not quit with standard quit line treatment. The current proposal 
will use an efficient factorial design to evaluate four evidence-based strategies to improve follow-
up WTQL care offered to socioeconomically disadvantaged callers who report smoking four 
months following initial WTQL treatment comprising a single counseling call and 2-week supply of 
a single nicotine replacement therapy. These strategies include: increasing the intensity of 
nicotine replacement medication (among those medically cleared to use such medications), 
increasing the intensity of WTQL counseling, helping callers enroll in an evidence-based smoking 
cessation texting support program (SmokefreeTXT), and offering moderate financial incentives for 
engagement in counseling and SmokefreeTXT. This evaluation will identify which program 
enhancements, and which combination of program enhancements, improve abstinence rates in 
this high-priority and high-risk segment of the population served by the WTQL. 
 
II. 
GOALS/AIMS 
 
The overarching aim of the proposal is to evaluate ways to enhance quit line treatment for low-
income smokers in terms of abstinence, costs, and reach. The specific aims of the project are 
listed below. 
 
1. To assess the main and interactive effects of the four experimental factors (see below) on 
biochemically confirmed, 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up among low-
education, uninsured, or Medicaid-eligible smokers who relapse following a standard WTQL 
intervention. Secondary abstinence outcomes are self-reported point-prevalence abstinence 
12-weeks post-quit and continuous abstinence between months 1 and 6 post-quit. 


Version: September 20, 2022 
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2. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of each intervention component overall and in the context 
of the other components (i.e., additive and interactive effects and their impact on cost-
effectiveness). The aim is to develop data to inform future quit line care planning and policy. 
 
3. To identify demographic and smoking history moderators of treatment engagement and 
response and mediators of intervention effects (e.g., treatment engagement) on 6-month 
abstinence. This aim will identify sub-populations that may not benefit equally from enhanced 
WTQL services and will suggest ways to refine the treatments to enhance their efficacy.  
 
III. 
METHODS 
 
This program will evaluate services delivered by the WTQL (operated by Optum based in Seattle, 
WA). Evaluation data will be collected by the WTQL, but also from SmokefreeTXT, a public 
program sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and operated by ICF International based in 
Fairfax, VA. Follow-up biochemical verification of abstinence will be conducted in some or all 
participants claiming abstinence from smoking, either by mail or e-mail or by staff at the University 
of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (UW-CTRI) at one of several sites 
within driving range of UW-CTRI staff, as the WTQL does not have a physical presence in 
Wisconsin and therefore does not have the capability to collect these important data. UW-CTRI 
staff will also coordinate the evaluation effort and conduct evaluation analyses (with data from the 
WTQL and SmokefreeTXT and follow-up data collected by UW-CTRI). 
 
A. Recruitment, inclusion and exclusion 
 
Up to 1600 enrolled study participants will be Wisconsin residents who smoke and who completed 
the standard WTQL treatment 2.5-18 months prior to study recruitment.  Participants will be 
recruited through the WTQL during a 2.5-18-month post-enrollment follow-up conducted by WTQL 
personnel. Callers to the WTQL are advised about this follow-up call at the time of enrollment as 
part of routine WTQL practice. At the time of enrollment in standard WTQL treatment, we will 
include a study flyer insert in the standard WTQL welcome mailing to all registered tobacco users 
(excluding those under 18 years of age and pregnant). The insert will inform participants that the 
WTQL may call them again in 4 months to see how they are doing and that, at that time, the 
participant may be able to get more support and earn money by joining a research study. The 
flyer encourages participants to stay in touch with the QL. 
 
Recruitment will occur through proactive follow-up calls initiated by WTQL staff, supplemented by 
letters alerting prospective participants to the opportunity to receive additional services and to 
possibly join a paying research study evaluating ways to enhance quitline services.  Only 
individuals who indicated that they were Medicaid-eligible, uninsured, or had a high school 
education or less at the time of enrollment, who completed a WTQL coaching call, and who meet 
the prerequisites described below will be contacted for follow-up.  We anticipate that the WTQL 
will attempt to reach roughly 8,000-10,000 WTQL uninsured or Medicaid-eligible adult callers from 
target counties and screen roughly 3,000-4,000 of these to achieve our target sample of 1,408-
1600 randomized enrollees over 3-4 years. 
 
Prerequisites for study screening, as reported at time of WTQL registration: 
Factors 
Levels 
1. Quit line counseling intensity  
1. 1 vs. 4 proactive counseling calls 
2. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) intensity  
2. Patch (2 wks) vs. Patch+ Lozenge (4 wks) 
3. SmokefreeTXT text messages  
3. Proactive enrollment vs. none 
4. Financial incentives for treatment engagement  
4. $30-$150 vs. none 


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1. Uninsured,covered by BadgerCareWisconsin or another Medicaid program, or has no more 
than a high school education 
2. Live in Wisconsin  
3. Age 18 or older  
4. English speaking (<1% of WTQL callers request services in a language other than English) 
5. Providing a unique telephone number not already registered in the WTQL database for this 
study (to prevent duplicate enrollment and to ensure that only one person per household 
enrolls) 
6. Engaged in WTQL counseling  
 
Inclusion criteria assessed at study enrollment are as follows (see uploaded Eligibility Screen): 
1. Reported smoking at least 6 of the last 7 days at the WTQL follow-up enrollment call, with at 
least 5 cigarettes smoked on 1 or more days 
2. Willing to set a new quit day within 2 weeks  
 
Exclusion criteria are as follows: 
1. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant in the next 6 months at the time of 
study enrollment 
 
B. Consent 
 
Participants who meet inclusion criteria and who do not endorse exclusion criteria will be read a 
consent script by a WTQL staff member (see uploaded consent script). The consent script read to 
participants over the phone conveys the key points regarding study procedures; risks; and 
participant rights, protections, and benefits in accessible, lay language. Prospective participants 
will be given an opportunity to ask questions and raise concerns during this process, and these 
will be addressed prior to assessing participant consent to participate. Informed consent will be 
formally documented electronically in a WTQL database.  
 
In late summer or early fall 2020, the Wisconsin Tobacco QuitLine will adopt 2 new targeted 
services. The first program is the American Indian Commercial Tobacco Cessation program that 
offers 12 weeks of combination NRT and 7 proactive calls from specially trained Quit Coaches. 
This is far more intensive than the standard QuitLine program, and more intensive than services 
offered in the research study. The second program is a year-long Text2Quit program, a text-
message-based program similar to the SmokefreeTXT program to which half of study participants 
will be randomized in this study. Prospective participants will be advised that Text2Quit will not be 
offered in the study, and that only half of participants will be randomized to SmokefreeTXT. Once 
these programs have been implemented at the Wisconsin Tobacco QuitLine, prospective 
participants will be informed about the availability of these services for American Indian/Alaskan 
Native or 18-24 year olds and told how these differ from the cessation services in the research 
study prior to being asked if they want to consent. This information will also be noted in the written 
study information sheet mailed to participants after enrollment over the phone.  
 
Following enrollment for those who consent, WTQL staff will send out a letter in hard copy to the 
participant at the address provided.  This letter will remind the participant of study procedures and 
will include a detailed study information sheet containing all required elements of informed 
consent and HIPAA authorization.  
 
The WTQL currently obtains consent for standard treatment over the phone and, given the remote 
nature of the interventions the WTQL delivers, an oral consent process for the evaluation study is 
the most in keeping with current WTQL procedures and is most likely to protect the validity of the 


Version: September 20, 2022 
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evaluation study. Mailing a written consent form and waiting for this to be returned would result in 
an evaluation study sample that is less representative of the target population (i.e., selecting for 
those most motivated or most stably motivated, those with the most reliable mail service, those 
will the highest literacy, those with the highest level of trust in counseling, etc.). Introducing a 
delay between enrollment and treatment delivery for the sole purpose of documenting written 
informed consent would undercut the knowledge to be gained by the study without substantially 
enhancing subject protections. Requiring written informed consent and HIPAA authorization would 
reduce the real-world relevance of this study designed to evaluate enhancements of a public, real-
world telephone-delivered smoking cessation support service. For these reasons, we propose to 
use an altered HIPAA authorization because it would be impracticable to obtain authorization with 
all elements required under the HIPAA Privacy Rule to conduct our research study.  We also seek 
to waive some of the required elements of consent and HIPAA authorization over the phone in to 
order to reduce participant burden and to enhance comprehension of the material read to 
participants over the phone, without omitting any key information pertinent to risks, rights, or 
protections. The mailed study information sheet that will follow the telephone enrollment and oral 
consent process will include all required elements of consent and HIPAA authorization (including 
a statement regarding how long permission to use the PHI will last, how to withdraw permission 
for PHI use, and the mandatory statement that the PHI could be redisclosed without subjects' 
permission in the consent/authorization and enrollment process). The study information sheet also 
details how to withdraw from the study and revoke authorization to use PHI, without penalty or 
punishment.  We believe the use of the PHI in this study presents minimal risk to subjects and 
that we are using the minimum necessary PHI to conduct this study.   
 
Other considerations also support the use of oral consent to participate in this evaluation study 
and to have patient data used for the purposes of program evaluation. Without patient level data, 
the study would not be able to analyze any person factors related to the success of smoking 
cessation attempts (Aim 3).  The level of risk involved is also low, and the study will evaluate ways 
to enhance WTQL effectiveness using minimal risk interventions (a counseling intensity currently 
available to millions of Americans who smoke, FDA-approved, over-the-counter medications 
available nationwide, a cessation-focused texting program in which 5,000 Americans enroll 
monthly, and moderate incentives unlikely to be coercive). In addition, the data to be collected are 
not highly sensitive (i.e., we do not ask about illegal behaviors) and will be securely transmitted 
and stored.   
 
With regard to compensation and incentives, the consent script and mailed study information 
sheet will make clear distinctions between compensation for completing study follow-up 
assessments (available in all conditions), and incentives for treatment engagement (available in 
varying amounts to those in only half of conditions). This is important for the sake of transparency, 
but also to prevent attrition among those randomized to conditions that offer no or minimal 
incentives. 
 
C. Baseline assessment 
 
Following oral consent, the WTQL staffer will: conduct a brief baseline assessment to supplement 
the smoking, quitting, and health history captured routinely at WTQL registration (see uploaded 
WTQL Registration Data); help the participant select a target quit-date within 14 days; and collect 
information on 1-3 contacts who could help the WTQL get in touch with participants who move or 
experience phone interruptions (with participant consent).  
 
D. Randomization  
 


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Randomization will occur immediately after baseline data are collected after oral consent is 
obtained and will be conducted by WTQL staff using randomization tables developed at UW-
CTRI. Randomization will be blocked by ethnicity and race to ensure an even distribution of 
participants of these factors that may relate to intervention success. Enrollees will be randomized 
to one of 16 conditions, as shown above.  No placebo will be used in this real-world trial. Every 
enrollee will receive no less than the current standard in WTQL care, a single counseling session, 
a 2-week supply of a single nicotine replacement therapy (if medically eligible for nicotine 
medication), and unlimited access to a WTQL Quit Coach by request. 
 
Following randomization, WTQL staffers will describe the randomized interventions in accessible 
language.  This will include description of the counseling offered; description of the medications to 
be mailed to the participant; information about SmokefreeTXT; and a description of relevant 
incentives and their contingencies (i.e., $30 for each counseling call lasting, $30 for staying in 
SmokefreeTXT for the full 6 weeks post-quit). 
 
E. Welcome mailing 
 
Following the enrollment call, WTQL staff will mail enrollees a welcome package containing the 
following: 
1. A welcome letter with incentive schedule, treatment information, and WTQL and UW-CTRI 
contact information for questions, concerns, or additional Quit Coaching (see uploaded 
Welcome Letter) 
2. A copy of the study information sheet containing all the information agreed to over the 
phone (see uploaded Study Information Sheet) 
3. SmokefreeTXT description and copies of current program enrollment privacy policy and 
terms of use (if in SmokefreeTXT condition and agrees to receive information about 
SmokefreeTXT, see uploaded SmokefreeTXT information) 
 
Study medications will be send in a separate package with medication instructions, if applicable 
(content depends on condition, but materials will be standard WTQL materials for each agent, 
patch and lozenge, see uploaded medication instructions), in accordance with standard WTQL 
practice (a vendor dispenses medication directly to enrollees on behalf of the WTQL). 
 


Version: September 20, 2022 
7 
 
F. Study treatments and experimental conditions  
All study participants will be offered a second round of standard evidence-based WTQL treatment 
comprising a single counseling call and, if medically eligible, a 2-week supply of a single nicotine 
replacement therapy (this will be the nicotine patch for everyone to reduce heterogeneity in 
regimens and because data suggest that adherence to nicotine patch therapy is superior to that of 
nicotine gum or lozenge). Everyone will receive care that meets or exceeds the current standard 
of care for WTQL services to Wisconsin residents. Participants will be randomized to additional 
interventions to supplement this base treatment.  None of the interventions to be added as 
supplements to standard WTQL is experimental, as all have data to support their efficacy. In fact, 
a multi-call protocol used to be the standard of care for the WTQL prior to budget cuts. Adding a 
fast-acting nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to nicotine patch (called combination NRT) is an 
accepted treatment supported by meta-analyses17-19 and approved by FDA. Meta-analyses also 
support the effectiveness of text messaging support programs for smoking cessation like 
SmokefreeTXT20-21. Growing evidence, including two previous program evaluation projects for 
Medicaid-eligible Wisconsin smokers coordinated by UW-CTRI, supports the efficacy of incentives 
as a driver of treatment engagement and, thereby, of long-term abstinence rates22-23. The 
proposed evaluation is important to see how well these interventions work among low-education, 
uninsured, and Medicaid-eligible smokers who did not quit with standard treatment (overall and in 
combination with one another), how cost-effective they are, how consistently they help 
subpopulations of smokers, and how they can best be combined to optimize their effects. 
G. Detailed study procedures: recruitment and retention 
Personnel from three organizations will have contact with study participants or their data. Staff at 
Optum, operator of the WTQL, will recruit, screen, consent, assess, randomize, and deliver 
treatment to participants. Personnel from ICF International, the operator of SmokefreeTXT, will 
not have direct contact with participants, since SmokefreeTXT is a fully automated texting 
program. Personnel at ICF International will, however, transmit participant data on use of 
SmokefreeTXT, cell phone numbers, and basic demographics. Finally, UW-CTRI personnel will 
interact with participants to conduct follow-up telephone interviews (12- and 26-weeks post-quit 
Cell 
WTQL 
NRT (if eligible) 
Texts 
Incentives 
1. 
1 call 
2 wk Patch 
SmokefreeTXT 
Yes, up to $60 
2. 
1 call 
2 wk Patch 
SmokefreeTXT 
No 
3. 
1 call 
2 wk Patch 
None 
Yes, up to $30 
4. 
1 call 
2 wk Patch 
None 
No 
5. 
1 call 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
SmokefreeTXT 
Yes, up to $60 
6. 
1 call 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
SmokefreeTXT 
No 
7. 
1 call 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
None 
Yes, up to $30 
8. 
1 call 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
None 
No 
9. 
4 calls 
2 wk Patch 
SmokefreeTXT 
Yes, up to $150 
10. 
4 calls 
2 wk Patch 
SmokefreeTXT 
No 
11. 
4 calls 
2 wk Patch 
None 
Yes, up to $120 
12. 
4 calls 
2 wk Patch 
None 
No 
13. 
4 calls 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
SmokefreeTXT 
Yes, up to $150 
14. 
4 calls 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
SmokefreeTXT 
No 
15. 
4 calls 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
None 
Yes, up to $120 
16. 
4 calls 
4 wk Patch+Lozenge 
None 
No 


Version: September 20, 2022 
8 
 
day) and to collect biochemical saliva samples via mail, collect breath carbon monoxide (CO) test 
results via email, or biochemically verify abstinence at brief in-person visits at UW-CTRI offices 
(26-weeks post-quit day) among some or all of the participants who claim they have not smoked 
in the last 7 days at the 26-week follow-up interview. The table below details the activities that 
participants will complete during the study and identifies the entity responsible for implementation. 
Coordination of all activities will be led by UW-CTRI and UW-CTRI will perform all data analyses. 
As shown below, recruitment will be conducted by designated staff at the WTQL by inviting the 
subset of registered quit line callers meeting study eligibility prerequisites to screen for a study 
evaluating program enhancements for smokers who want to quit within 2 weeks. Staff at UW-
CTRI will communicate with the WTQL team working on this project at least monthly to monitor 
progress in recruitment, treatment engagement (i.e., retention), and implementation challenges. 
To promote recruitment, WTQL staff will make at least 5 attempts to reach prospective enrollees. 
Similarly, to promote retention, WTQL Quit Coaches will make at least 5 attempts to 
schedule/deliver each counseling session by telephone. Letters will be sent to individuals meeting 
study prerequisites to encourage them to reconnect with the WTQL. Staff at the WTQL will be 
responsible for processing incentive payments to participants as soon as possible after they are 
earned. Staff at the WTQL will also be responsible for assessing adverse events related to its 
interventions in accordance with their existing protocols (i.e., staff physician review).  
Optum will give participants randomly assigned to SmokefreeTXT who agree to receive 
information about SmokefreeTXT instructions about how to enroll. In turn, ICF International will 
transmit results data from SmokefreeTXT via secure FTP to help staff at Optum determine 
whether or not a participant has earned the $30 incentive for staying enrolled in SmokefreeTXT 
through 6 weeks post-quit day.  
UW-CTRI will receive data on enrollees to facilitate follow-up assessments. These data will 
include a study identifier and contact information (name, telephone number, address) needed to 
conduct telephone interviews and to find the nearest UW-CTRI office for biochemical verification 
of claims of abstinence at the 26-week follow-up. UW-CTRI staff who conduct follow-up interviews 
and verification will be blind to study condition and will not have access to other participant data 
(e.g., smoking history) prior to the end of data collection.  All data transmissions to and from UW-
CTRI will occur via secure FTP. 
Assessment Plan 
1. Baseline assessment (See uploaded registration data from the WTQL).  Specific fields 
collected at initial registration for WTQL services will be pulled for study use and analyses.  
These items include age; gender; race; ethnicity; county; education; insurance status 
(uninsured,in BadgerCare Plus/Medicaid, or privately insured (if low in education)); chronic 
health conditions; registration date; how heard about WTQL; and smoking history (multiple 
items. These data will be collected for all consented enrollees and patient-level data without 
direct identifiers will be collected for those who are unreachable, are ineligible, or decline to 
enroll. 
 
2. Enrollment assessment (see uploaded Post Consent Baseline assessment). Following oral 
consent, additional data that are not routinely assessed at the standard post-WTQL 
enrollment follow-up will serve as baseline assessments for the evaluation study. Items 
include a detailed assessment of smoking in the past 7 days (how many cigarettes smoked on 
each day) and other current eligibility criteria. In addition, items will assess supplemental 
indicators of socioeconomic status, recent use of nicotine products and smoking cessation 
therapies and associated costs, use of healthcare over the past 6 months (for cost-
effectiveness analyses), frequency of texting, indicators or relapse proneness, brief psychiatric 


Version: September 20, 2022 
9 
 
status/history screener (without questions on illicit substance use), and menthol cigarette use. 
The WTQL will also confirm registration data whenever someone re-enrolls in treatment, as 
per their standard protocol. The target quit date will also be collected. 
 
3. Engagement assessment. Engagement will be tracked using data routinely collected in the 
course of existing services, including the number and duration of WTQL calls completed and 
use of the WTQL Text2Quit program (among 18-24 year olds who enroll in this program 
outside of their study enrollment call, which is possible), the duration of enrollment in 
SmokefreeTXT and the number and content (e.g., craving or mood ratings; smoking status 
reports; requests for help with craving, mood, or slips) of inbound, subject-generated 
messages to SmokefreeTXT. Medication use will be assessed via self-report at 12- and 26-
week follow-up telephone interviews. 
 
4. Follow-up assessment (see uploaded follow-up assessment). At 12- and 26-weeks following 
the target quit day, participants will be asked to report on recent use of tobacco and smoking 
cessation products and associated costs, treatment satisfaction, and levels of candidate 
mediators of intervention effects (nicotine withdrawal distress, confidence, motivation, 
exposure to smoking triggers, and perceptions of stress, support, or control). Participants will 
earn $30 for completing each of these calls. At the 12-week call, participants will also be 
asked whether the research team may email them reminders about the final follow-up at 26 
weeks. 
 
At 26 weeks following the target quit day, individuals claim to have not had even a puff of a 
cigarette in the past 7 days may be asked to schedule a verification visit at which they will be 
asked to provide a breath sample for carbon monoxide (CO) testing using the commercially 
available Micro+Smokerlyzer® from Bedfont Scientific Ltd. and a urine sample for cotinine 
testing to confirm abstinence.  These biochemical verification procedures present minimal risk, 
as they require only that participants hold their breath for 15 seconds before blowing into a CO 
detector and that participants urinate in a cup.  In order to achieve a high level of abstinence 
verification, and in light of participant travel involved, participants will receive $40 for 
completing this visit. Participants may be asked to complete alternative testing to verify 
abstinence remotely. This may entail mailing back a saliva sample for cotinine testing or 
emailing the research team a CO test using a personal CO monitor, and will similarly earn 
participants $40.   
 
We have defined the window for the follow-up periods broadly (11-18 weeks for the follow-up 
targeted to 12 weeks post-quit and 25-38 weeks for the follow-up targeted to 26 weeks post-
quit) in order to maximize retention in a participant population that may experience 
socioeconomic conditions that impede connection (e.g., phone disconnections, relocation). 
We seek to maximize follow-up ascertainment by keeping the follow-up windows broad and 
making many attempts to contact participants within these windows. We will leave discreet 
voicemails (identifying the study by its nickname, the IQS Study, without revealing the nature 
or purpose of the study) to participants who consented to voicemails at the time of enrollment 
in quitline services.  Data analysis strategies will take into account the breadth of the follow-up 
windows and will use late follow-up data (e.g., those more than 2 weeks from the target follow-
up date) to inform sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of results under varying 
inclusion criteria for these cases and assumptions about missingness in a tighter follow-up 
window. We will cease attempts to complete a follow-up if a participant declines the interview, 
complains about our calling, or reaches the end of the follow-up window without being 
reached. 
 


Version: September 20, 2022 
10 
 
 
 
Schedule of Study Activities 
Imple-
menter 
Standard 
WTQL 
Treatment  
• Registration (tobacco history, demographics, insurance, education, chronic health conditions, 
county,) 
• 1 proactive counseling call 
• 2-week NRT monotherapy starter kit 
• Unlimited coaching calls (initiated by smoker) 
Anticipated N=7,963 
WTQL 
~4-Month 
Follow-Up 
• Assess smoking status (past 7 days) 
Anticipated # Reached N=3,185 
WTQL 
Eligibility 
Screening 
(Attach-
ment A) 
• Screen relapsers for inclusion/exclusion criteria 
• Set quit date within 2 weeks 
Anticipated # Eligible N=2,548 
WTQL 
Oral 
Consent 
(uploaded) 
• Describe study 
• Elicit and answer questions 
• Obtain & document consent  
Anticipated # Enrolled N=1,408-1,600 
WTQL 
Collect 
Baseline 
Data 
(Attach-
ment F) 
• Socioeconomic indicators (income, employment) 
• Cessation history 
• Recent nicotine & e-cig product use and costs 
• Past 6-mo healthcare use25 
• Frequency of text messaging  
• Psychiatric history26 
• Perceived stress 
• Menthol use 
• Indicators of relapse proneness (e.g., exposure to others smoking, craving when abstinent) 
• Use and costs of stop-smoking treatments since last QL call  
• 1-3 collateral names & phone numbers 
WTQL 
Initiate 
Treatment 
• Randomize to treatment  
• Schedule first/only WTQL counseling call  
• Describe medication regimen  
• Describe assessment schedule 
• Describe incentives schedule, if applicable 
• Ask patients if want information about how to enroll in SmokefreeTXT, if applicable  
WTQL 
Welcome 
Mailing 
(Attach-
ments B-
D) 
• Medication (sent in a separate package to those medically eligible) 
• Medication instructions, if applicable 
• Target quit date & follow-up reminders 
• Contact information for WTQL & UW-CTRI (to reduce call rejection) 
• Incentive reminders, if applicable 
• SmokefreeTXT descripition, terms of use & privacy policy, if applicable 
• Study information sheet containing all required elements of consent and HIPAA authorization 
WTQL 
12-Week 
Follow Up 
(Attach-
ment G)  
• Self-reported tobacco use & costs in past 7 days & since target quit date 
• Treatment use, adherence, satisfaction, & costs 
• Candidate mediators (perceived Quit Coach support; reduction in exposure to 
smoking/triggers; quitting motivation & confidence) 
UW-
CTRI 
26-Week 
Follow Up 
(Attach-
ment G) 
• Self-reported tobacco use & costs in past 7 days & since target quit date 
- Those claiming abstinence in last 7 days may be invited for CO and/or cotinine testing at a 
research office, or via mailed saliva collection kit or personal CO monitor for verification of 
abstinence, and will be paid $40 payment for test completion. 
• Treatment use, adherence, satisfaction, & costs 
• Mediators (reduction in exposure to smoking/triggers; motivation & confidence) 
UW-
CTRI 


Version: September 20, 2022 
11 
 
Data management, transmission and storage 
 
The WTQL will collect data in a manner consistent with its current practices, with the exception 
that additional fields will be assessed at the WTQL follow-up for the first round of treatment (i.e., 
the call at which participants will be enrolled in this evaluation study). The WTQL will also record 
data on incentives earned and dispensed for those in the incentive condition. The WTQL 
maintains a secure, HIPAA-compliant database for its operations. This database will be modified 
for the current project to collect the additional data needed to achieve the study aims.  
 
SmokefreeTXT also collects data on enrollee cell phone number, basic demographics, quit day, 
and engagement with the program (inbound messages from enrollees) in a secure and HIPAA-
compliant manner.  No additional data will be collected by SmokefreeTXT for the purposes of this 
evaluation study. SmokefreeTXT will securely transmit data on enrollee status (not reached, 
declined, dropped out prior to end of the program, or completed the program) at the end of the 
six-week program to the WTQL so staff there can process incentives for those eligible for the $30 
incentive for completion of the SmokefreeTXT program.  
 
Staff at UW-CTRI will receive data on participants due for follow-up from the WTQL (including 
names and contact information) on an ongoing basis (e.g., monthly) via secure FTP transfer. 
Because CTRI is the entity overseeing the WTQL contract for the State of Wisconsin and all data 
collected through its service to Wisconsin residents, this follows long-established, HIPAA 
compliant data transmission procedures. 
 
After all participants in the study reach the end of the 26-week follow-up period:  
• 
The WTQL will send UW-CTRI relevant registration, baseline, randomization, and 
treatment engagement data to UW-CTRI via secure FTP transfer. This will include data on 
enrollees, but also data on potentially eligible WTQL callers who did not complete the 
enrollment call or who did not meet eligibility screening at the enrollment call (to evaluate 
the representativeness of the enrolled sample). For participants who do not complete the 
full consenting process, UW-CTRI will obtain and keep data with no HIPAA identifiers 
other than an assigned WTQL ID#, which is used to verify what contract service was 
provided.   
 
• 
ICF International will send data on SmokefreeTXT utilization at the end of the project. 
These data will include cell phone numbers and data regarding the volume and content of 
messages sent by participants to SmokefreeTXT (e.g., requests for help with cravings, 
negative moods, or slips; responses to SmokefreeTXT queries regarding craving, mood, 
and smoking) and the date of withdrawal from SmokefreeTXT (if relevant).  
 
• 
At UW-CTRI, data from the WTQL and SmokefreeTXT will be linked to 12- and 26-week 
follow-up data.  All collated study data will be stored in a HIPAA-compliant and secure 
manner on Department of Medicine servers with UW-CTRI-controlled password access. 
Staff trained in human subjects research and HIPAA compliance will link these datasets 
using a random subject identifier and will then de-identify the data for analyses.  
 
Although this program will evaluate interventions delivered by the WTQL, the follow-up data 
collection procedures and collation of data from multiple sources/sites necessary for thorough 
program evaluation is the responsibility of the investigators in the study at UW-CTRI. To achieve 
the study aims, UW-CTRI investigators require access to identifiable patient data. 
 
 


Version: September 20, 2022 
12 
 
Treatment procedures description 
 
The WTQL offers a standard, evidence-based protocol comprising a single 20-minute counseling 
call (plus ad hoc calls as initiated by the participant) and a two-week supply of an over-the-counter 
nicotine replacement therapy. This will be the treatment that all study enrollees will receive in the 
2.5-18 months preceding study enrollment and will be the base treatment in the second round of 
intervention to be evaluated in terms of reach, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness in the proposed 
study. Four interventions will be evaluated in a fully crossed design: 
 
• 
Augmented counseling (4 proactive, scheduled telephone counseling sessions with a 
quit coach rather than the usual-care 1 call). The content of this counseling will follow 
existing, evidence-based protocols used by the WTQL in states that contract for this 
more intensive service. 
 
• 
Augmented nicotine replacement therapy (4 weeks of nicotine patch plus nicotine mini-
lozenge rather than the usual-care two-week supply of nicotine patch therapy), for 
those meeting WTQL NRT eligibility criteria. These FDA-approved, over-the-counter 
medications will be dispensed with instructions to use that follow package insert 
specifications (e.g., using lower, 2-mg dose mini-lozenges for individuals who do not 
smoke within 30 minutes of waking; dispensing lower, 14-mg dose patches to 
individuals who smoke fewer than 10 cigarettes per day), in accordance with current 
WTQL practice and documentation. 
 
• 
Adjunctive SmokefreeTXT support (proactive enrollment in this 6-8-week text 
message-based cessation support program versus none). This national program is 
offered at no cost to users (apart from data/minute costs charged by cellular providers 
about which enrollees are advised at enrollment) and is sponsored by the National 
Cancer Institute.  This program sends up to 5 messages per day for up to 2 weeks 
prior to the target quit day and 6 weeks following the target quit day (total duration may 
be longer if participants elect to change the target quit day). The text messages offer 
tips to help enrollees achieve their goal of quitting smoking and offer real-time 
interactive tips when participants text in responses indicating cravings, negative 
moods, or slips. Participants have the option to reset quit dates and have the option to 
unsubscribe at any time by texting STOP to the program. 
 
• 
Incentives for engagement ($30 for each counseling sessions and/or staying enrolled 
in SmokefreeTXT for six weeks versus none). These incentives are designed to bolster 
motivation to stay engaged in treatment and to offset the costs and effort of treatment 
engagement (in terms of cell phone minutes). Research suggests that incentives 
improve treatment engagement which, in turn, increases success in quitting smoking27. 
 
Analysis Plan 
 
To assess Aim 1, we will test the main and interactive effects of counseling intensity, NRT 
intensity, SmokefreeTXT, and engagement incentives on biochemically confirmed, 7-day point-
prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Secondary abstinence outcomes are self-reported 
point-prevalence abstinence 12-weeks post-quit and continuous abstinence between months 1 
and 6 post-quit.  
 
 


Version: September 20, 2022 
13 
 
Measures, Populations and Analysis:  
Data for the primary, abstinence-focused analyses will include randomized levels of the 
treatment factors and their interactions as independent variables, binary abstinence 
outcomes based on self-reported abstinence (at 12-week follow-up) and biochemical 
verified abstinence (at 26-week follow-up only) as the dependent variables, and covariates 
such as demographics and smoking history collected at registration or enrollment.  
 
The population will be the eligible, consented, enrolled subjects who were randomized to 
treatment.  Participants who were randomized but did not complete the study will be 
included in analyses (unless they requested that their data not be used upon withdrawal 
from the study). Analyses will occur in the full intent-to-treat sample.  
 
Logistic regression analyses will be used to estimate intervention main and interactive 
effects on binary abstinence outcomes. Both unadjusted models and models adjusted for 
covariates will be run. Separate models will be run for different outcomes (e.g., 
biochemically confirmed abstinence at 26-weeks post-quit, self-reported abstinence at 12 
weeks post-quit, continuous abstinence between 4 and 26-weeks post-quit) under different 
assumptions regarding missing abstinence data (e.g., assuming all missing are smoking, 
assuming 80% of missing are smoking, using multiple imputation). 
 
Data Sources and Collection: The primary outcome data will be collected by UW-CTRI via 
telephone follow-up interview and in-person, mailed, or emailed validation of abstinence 
via CO breath testing and/or urinary or salivary cotinine testing.  Covariates will be 
assessed by WTQL staffers at registration or enrollment and transferred securely to UW-
CTRI for analysis. 
 
To assess Aim 2, we will evaluate the costs and cost-effectiveness of each intervention 
component overall and in the context of the other components (i.e., additive and interactive effects 
and their impact on cost-effectiveness).   
 
Measures, Populations and Analysis:  
Cost data will come from: research participants who will report on their out-of-pocket costs 
of tobacco and treatment and health care utilization at enrollment and follow-up; Optum 
who will report on intervention delivery, supply, and support costs; SmokefreeTXT who will 
report minute/data use costs associated with cumulative message volume and the 
estimated cost per user for the program; and from public data sources (on the costs and 
savings associated with cessation and continued smoking).   
 
The population will be the eligible, consented, enrolled subjects who were randomized to 
treatment.  Participants who were randomized but did not complete the study will be 
included. Analyses will occur in the full intent-to-treat sample whenever possible, using 
model estimation that permits missing data. Utilization rates have important implications 
for intervention costs, so both low and high utilizers of intervention components will 
contribute important data to these analyses. 
 
Cost and efficacy data (abstinence outcomes assessed in Aim 1) will be used to estimate 
the costs per verified quit by treatment condition, in accordance with recommendations for 
cost-effectiveness analyses28. These data will also be used to estimate costs per quality-
adjusted-life-year (QALY) saved, based on prior estimates of QALY associated with 
smoking status. As recommended by Feirman et al. 29 sensitivity analyses will be 
conducted, using alternative QALY measures to assess robustness of estimates. We can 


Version: September 20, 2022 
14 
 
use data from the project’s factorial design to generate smoothed estimates of the costs 
per quit and costs per QALY for different combinations, using multivariate regression 
analysis. We will also estimate potential savings related to reduced smoking levels, as a 
function of previous smoking frequency and the estimated effects of the interventions on 
quitting or self-reported post-intervention smoking frequency. This approach could use 
information from the factorial design to create smoothed estimates of personal savings.  
 
Data Sources and Collection: Participants will self-report health care utilization and 
spending on tobacco and cessation treatments; Optum will report on WTQL intervention 
costs; and SmokefreeTXT will report on the volume of text message exchanges and total 
costs per user. UW-CTRI will collate data from these sources for analyses. 
 
To assess Aim 3, we will identify demographic and smoking history moderators of treatment 
engagement and response and mediators of intervention effects (e.g., treatment engagement) on 
6-month abstinence. Such analyses examining treatment by moderator interactions or examining 
treatment effects in subgroups of participants (e.g., the uninsured versus Medicaid-eligible; men 
versus women) will identify sub-populations that may not benefit equally from enhanced WTQL 
services using data collected by the WTQL at registration or study enrollment. We will also 
explore the extent to which treatment engagement (measured throughout counseling and 
SmokefreeTXT and at follow-up for medication) and cessation motivation and confidence 
(assessed at follow-up) differed across treatment conditions, and the extent to which such 
differences may mediate or account for treatment effects on abstinence. 
 
Measures, Populations and Analysis:  
Self-report demographic, smoking history, health status, psychiatric history, and texting 
use collected at WTQL registration or study enrollment will be examined as candidate 
moderators of treatment response. Mediators (treatment engagement; perceived support; 
reduction in exposure to smoking/triggers; quitting motivation and confidence) will be 
assessed during treatment (in the case of treatment engagement) or during follow-up 
telephone interviews at 12- and 26-weeks post-quit. 
   
The population will be the eligible, consented, enrolled subjects who were randomized to 
treatment.  Participants who were randomized but did not complete the study will be 
included (unless they requested that their data not be used upon withdrawal from the 
study). Analyses will occur in the full intent-to-treat sample whenever possible, using 
model estimation that permits missing data.  
 
Evaluation of moderators will be accomplished with moderated logistic regression models 
that include effect-coded intervention main and interaction effects on abstinence, a given 
moderator, and interactions of the moderator with the intervention effects. Mediation 
analyses will include linear regression models in which mediators are regressed on 
intervention main effects and interactions, logistic regression models in which binary 
abstinence outcomes are regressed on both intervention variables and mediators, and 
estimates of the mediated effect. Formal mediation analysis computed via the SAS 
PROCESS macro30.   
 
Data Sources and Collection: Candidate moderators will be assessed via participant self-
report by the WTQL during initial registration or study enrollment. Treatment engagement 
mediators will be assessed by the WTQL (for counseling completion), SmokefreeTXT (for 
SmokefreeTXT completion and interactions), and by UW-CTRI at follow-up telephone 
interviews (for self-reported patch and mini-lozenge use). Other candidate mediators 


Version: September 20, 2022 
15 
 
(cessation motivation and confidence) will be assessed by UW-CTRI during 12- and 26-
week telephone follow-up interviews. 
 
Products in the Evaluation/Research Reports: We anticipate writing at least four different 
research articles for publication in peer-reviewed journals based on this project.  Aim 1 results 
regarding intervention efficacy will be published in a single manuscript. Aim 2 results 
regarding costs and cost-effectiveness will be published in a separate manuscript.  Aim 3 
results on moderators of intervention effects will be published in a third manuscript and 
mediation results will be published in a fourth manuscript.  It is also possible that we will 
publish a separate protocol and process description of the experimental study while the study 
is underway. 
 
H. Human Subjects Protections and Data Sharing 
Describe any potential direct benefits to subjects. If there are no direct benefits, state this. 
The health benefits of quitting smoking are considerable and the current study may increase the 
likelihood that study participants will successfully quit by proactively offering a second round of 
evidence-based treatment to WTQL callers who did not achieve lasting abstinence following a 
prior round of treatment.  All treatments used in this study have been demonstrated to be effective 
compared to unaided quitting in clinical practice guidelines and/or multiple research studies. 
Describe the potential benefits of this research to society.  
This experiment will generate knowledge regarding the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and reach of 
interventions that can be delivered remotely and inexpensively (with few physical or financial 
barriers) to a high-priority population, low-income smokers who have benefited less from existing 
interventions and delivery methods than have higher-income smokers.  The results of this study 
have the potential to identify highly efficient and cost-effective means of enhancing abstinence 
rates in this high priority population, and thereby to reduce socioeconomic disparities in the 
burden of tobacco use. These results also have the potential to inform the design and delivery of 
public benefit programs (e.g., state quit lines) serving the target population of low-income 
smokers. This may reduce the substantial individual and societal costs of tobacco use and related 
productivity losses, disease, and death. 
Describe any potential psychosocial risks to subjects, such as psychological stress or 
confidentiality risks (including risk to reputation, economic risks, and legal risks). 
Risks associated with this research are judged to be minimal, consistent with the minimal risks 
associated with use of nationally available smoking cessation quit line and text messaging 
services.  
The processes of collecting treatment engagement, self-report, and biochemical (breath and 
urine) data carry minimal risks, and sensitive questions (e.g., regarding illegal behaviors) will not 
be asked. Despite this and the safeguards to protect participant information we will apply, breach 
of confidentiality is a risk that cannot be eliminated completely. There is a remote possibility that a 
subject's identity will become known to unauthorized persons. 
In addition, NRT may cause side effects. NRT risks are well-documented, given their wide-scale 
use and over-the-counter availability (in both of the forms to be used here: patch and lozenge). 
Use of the nicotine patch may lead to dizziness, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, weakness, 
skin irritation at the site of application, sleep disturbance, rapid heartbeat, headache, and muscle 


Version: September 20, 2022 
16 
 
or joint aches and stiffness. According to the package insert, the most likely side effects 
associated with the nicotine lozenge are heartburn, hiccup, nausea, upper respiratory tract 
infections, coughing and sore throat. These NRT side effects are typically mild to moderate, even 
when individuals smoke while using nicotine replacement31-33 and the symptoms typically subside 
when NRT use is reduced or discontinued. It is important to note that quit lines currently screen 
clients for medication eligibility, dispense NRT via mail in many states, including Wisconsin, and 
that some currently dispense combination nicotine replacement (patch with gum, or patch with 
lozenge). As such, the proposed study procedures should not pose additional risks of medication 
side effects above and beyond current quit line practices.  
An additional risk is the experience of aversive nicotine withdrawal symptoms upon cessation, 
such as sleep disturbance, hunger, craving, difficulty concentrating, and negative mood. These 
symptoms are temporary and pose minimal health risk.  
Providing breath and urine samples for biochemical verification of abstinence carries minimal 
risks, as these procedures are non-invasive. Risks from study participation are deemed to be 
much lower than the known health risks of continued smoking. 
Describe how ALL the risks of the study will be minimized. 
To protect against breach of confidentiality or violations of privacy, we will ensure that data are 
stored on secure, encrypted servers at all participating sites, and that transfer of data between 
sites is conducted via HIPAA-compliant means. A unique study ID will be used to store all data on 
individual participants and information linking that study ID to participant identifying information 
will be maintained by the data manager. Data being used for analysis will be identified with the 
study ID only. Participant contact information will only be available to study staff having direct 
contact with participants. Data will be stripped of direct identifiers (limited datasets) or completely 
de-identified prior to sharing with others outside the IRB-approved research team.  
To protect against adverse reactions to over-the-counter nicotine medication, the WTQL will 
screen participants for eligibility using their standard, physician-reviewed protocol over the phone 
and participants will receive simple, clear instructions in their proper use in the mailing sent post-
enrollment. These forms will advise participants of common side effects and will describe ways to 
prevent or address these (i.e., putting a new patch on a different part of the body each day, taking 
the patch off at night if sleep disturbance is too bothersome). These medication instruction forms 
and all written study materials will be written at no higher than a sixth-grade reading level. In 
addition, people who report recent cardiac-related surgeries or hospitalizations, and those with 
allergies or past negative reactions to nicotine replacement, will be screened out of medication 
eligibility at enrollment to further reduce risks of nicotine administration. All Quit Coaches receive 
training on smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and assess medical conditions that may preclude 
or complicate NRT use at registration. In addition, Quit Coaches have access to Optum 
physicians who can address questions or concerns about pharmacotherapies. Optum will conduct 
routine monitoring for adverse or unanticipated events according to their standing protocols. 
Participants will be alerted to possible withdrawal effects at enrollment, will be offered over-the-
counter medication to manage these symptoms (if medically eligible), and will be advised that 
these symptoms are typically mild and temporary. 
Optum, the WTQL vendor, employs physicians to review medication protocols and has a rigorous 
adverse event monitoring protocol. All medications will be dispensed in ways that are consistent 
with the protocol and packaging instructions, with clear instructions. No more than a 4-week 
supply will be provided. Participants experiencing side effects will be advised to seek local 


Version: September 20, 2022 
17 
 
medical care as needed, with the understanding that the costs of the medical care will be the 
responsibility of the participant (or the participant’s insurer), as discussed in the consent process. 
The risk of aversive withdrawal symptoms will be addressed in two ways. First, standard WTQL 
practice addresses the nicotine withdrawal syndrome in an individually tailored manner. This will 
not change in the current study. Second, we will provide nicotine replacement to all participants, in 
accordance with best practice and current practices at the WTQL. All participants will be advised 
that they can call the WTQL for additional coaching calls, as needed, so even those in the single-
scheduled-counseling-call-condition will have access to ongoing support regarding the 
management of nicotine withdrawal. Everyone medically eligible for NRT will receive at least 
nicotine patches (and half with receive lozenges in addition to patches) to address withdrawal 
during the first 2-4 weeks of the smoking cessation effort.    
Explain why the risks to the subjects are reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits. 
This study carries minimal risk. None of the interventions to be deployed poses significant risk 
above and beyond standard WTQL treatment and every participant will receive at least one form 
of evidence-based smoking cessation treatment.  No information about illegal behavior will be 
entered in databases. The risk of someone's identity becoming known to unauthorized persons is 
low. This risk is outweighed by the benefits of quitting smoking for any individual, and the benefit 
to society of having fewer people use tobacco products.  This research has the potential to benefit 
low-income smokers in the future by helping to identify optimal combinations of remotely delivered 
interventions for population-wide dissemination. The proposed project will accelerate refinement 
of treatments with broad reach and low barriers to access using an efficient factorial research 
design. The risks associated with the use of over-the-counter nicotine patches and nicotine 
lozenges are minor relative to the risks of continued smoking, particularly with the medication 
eligibility screening used by the WTQL. If successful, this treatment approach could be used more 
broadly to reduce the considerable financial and personal costs associated with smoking-related 
disease. Therefore, the potential gain in knowledge regarding treatments and mechanisms of 
change associated with the proposed study outweigh the risks of participation. 
Describe the provisions in place to identify and address unanticipated problems or 
complications. 
The Principal Investigators (PIs) will be responsible for routinely monitoring study progress. 
Optum, the WTQL vendor, has an adverse event monitoring protocol and team in place and will 
alert the study PIs to adverse events among study participants. Any data safety concerns will be 
reported to the study PIs immediately and addressed.  We will report any unanticipated problems 
to the IRB according to posted guidelines. A full data safety and monitoring plan is included at the 
end of this protocol. 
Describe the precautions that will be used to ensure subject privacy is protected 
Collection of sensitive information about subjects will be limited to the amount necessary to 
achieve the aims of the research. Participants will not be asked to disclose any information about 
illegal behavior.   
Describe the measures that will be implemented by your research team to safeguard the 
identifiable subject information from unauthorized use or disclosure for both paper and 
electronic forms of information. Include how and where data will be stored. 
Participant study data will be collected by the WTQL through a Computer Assisted Telephonic 
Interview (CATI) and will be stored on secure, password protected servers.  Data will be 


Version: September 20, 2022 
18 
 
accessible only to assigned study staff for their study function; computer workstations will be 
password-protected, thus secured from unauthorized use.  WTQL will transmit study data—
enrollment information, randomization data, all assessment data, service utilization data, and 
identifying information to CTRI via a secure FTP site.  On a monthly basis, identifiable research 
data including contact data needed to conduct follow-up interviews at UW-CTRI, will be 
transmitted through a secure FTP site by the WTQL to UW-CTRI.   
Data received from participants in SmokefreeTXT are overseen by the site sponsor (National 
Cancer Institute).  SmokefreeTXT data regarding completion of the program will be transmitted to 
the WTQL so staff there may process the $30 incentive for completing the program for those in 
the active incentive conditions. At the end of the study, more complete data on participant 
engagement in SmokefreeTXT will be transmitted to UW-CTRI for analyses via a secure FTP site. 
Required patient identifying data will be stored in a separate file linked to all study data via a study 
identifier after it is received from WTQL and SmokefreeTXT. Confidentiality of participant data and 
information will be accomplished by using participant numbers as unique identifiers, allowing us to 
keep participant data separate from identifying information. Once transferred to UW-CTRI, data 
generated through study participation and data obtained on medical and psychiatric history from 
participants will be stored in secure databases under protections and procedures consistent with 
the guidelines and regulations of the UW School of Medicine and Public Health (UW-SMPH). 
Outside access is available only via an encrypted connection to the Department of Medicine Citrix 
server located at the UW Clinical Science Center in Madison. The servers at the UW-CTRI 
Madison office are physically secured in a locked room. Data backups are created nightly and 
stored in a locked safe. Significant safeguards have been implemented to protect data including 
virus and adware protection, firewall, access controls and encryption when appropriate such as 
wireless and remote access. All UW-CTRI staff members have completed HIPAA and human 
subjects training and are aware of the sensitivity of study-related data. The UW SMPH has 
developed school-wide data security policies and procedures. UW-CTRI data security policies and 
procedures conform to those of the SMPH. UW-CTRI will use an enterprise-level database that 
supports audit trails such as access, change logging, and more sophisticated access control for 
managing and tracking user access privileges. No publications or presentations resulting from this 
research program will contain any identifying information about individual participants. Following 
cleaning and verification of data at the conclusion of the study, all research data will be placed in 
a de-identified data set at UW-CTRI. 
Data Safety and Monitoring Plan 
The Data Safety and Monitoring Plan (DSMP) for this research comprises not only the research 
conducted directly by the University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention 
(UW-CTRI) researchers, but also research conducted by other investigators collaborating with 
UW-CTRI-funded projects. All investigators must agree to comply with the procedures outlined in 
this DSMP. This DSMP does not reduce any investigator’s obligation to comply with the 
requirements of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at his/her home institution or the IRB of any 
collaborating organizations. 
Monitoring the progress of trials and the safety of participants. The Principal Investigators (PIs) 
are responsible for routine monitoring of study progress. This includes scheduled meetings with 
study staff at least monthly; review of weekly reports from the Wisconsin Tobacco Quitline 
(WTQL) vendor, Optum, whose personnel will recruit, screen, enroll, counsel, and compensate 
participants for treatment engagement; and review of monthly reports of use of SmokefreeTXT. 
Weekly reviews of WTQL reports and follow-up discussions as needed to address any concerns 
with Optum are vital as the study procedures, database queries, and reports are being developed, 


Version: September 20, 2022 
19 
 
launched, and refined in the first year of the project. Following roll-out, monthly review meetings 
will continue to monitor progress and to consider up- or down-regulating the rate of recruitment 
from month to month. Data reviewed at these meetings will include the number and type of 
participants enrolled, the number and reasons for exclusions from enrollment, the number of 
counseling sessions completed, the number of SmokefreeTXT enrollees who opt-out, and the 
timeliness and accuracy of incentive payments to participants. Adverse or unanticipated events 
reported at WTQL counseling calls will be addressed using standard WTQL protocols to address 
medication side effects, withdrawal, or other concerns. The DSMC will review reports on adverse 
events reported to the WTQL. Adverse or unanticipated events (e.g., failure to receive an earned 
incentive) reported by participants directly to UW-CTRI through proactive participant calls 
(participants will receive this contact information at enrollment) will be reported to Optum to record 
and attempt to resolve the event, and will be reported to the IRB, FDA, or NCI, as appropriate 
based on the severity and protocol relevance of the event.  
To facilitate participant safety, study participants must meet study inclusion and exclusion criteria. 
Once enrolled, WTQL protocols will assess NRT eligibility and the presence of AEs and SAEs 
during treatment. Should either excessive risk to study participants and/or convincing evidence of 
lack of measurable benefit to study participants be determined, the study will be stopped and all 
participants notified in a manner appropriate to the nature of the risk and/or lack of benefit. When 
taking that step, the investigators will consult with the IRB and NCI. 
Plans for assuring compliance with requirements regarding the reporting of adverse events. This 
DSMP requires that investigators notify NIH and the University of Wisconsin IRB in a timely 
manner (consistent with IRB and NIH policies) of the occurrence of any SAE or any AE which is 
severe, unexpected, and possibly related to study medication or protocol. Because this study 
involves pharmaceutical agents, if an unexpected SAE might be related to study drug use, both 
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the manufacturer will also be notified within 5 days 
of investigators becoming aware of the event. Examples of unexpected SAEs would be untoward 
medical or intervention occurrences that result in death, are life-threatening, require 
hospitalization or prolonging of existing hospitalization, create persistent or significant 
disability/incapacity, or involve congenital abnormality/birth defects. Unanticipated AEs include 
less serious problems that merit reporting to the DSMC because they are severe, unexpected, 
and possibly related to study participation. Any SAE will be queried and reported even if it 
appears that the serious adverse event is unrelated to study participation. Because the 
interventions will be delivered by our WTQL partner, Optum, staff there will be responsible for 
assessing and managing any adverse events related to study medication in accordance with their 
existing protocols for monitoring NRT medication side effects or unanticipated health events 
during counseling calls. The study team will review Optum reports of unanticipated health events 
no less than bi-weekly, and Optum will notify the PIs of any severe, unanticipated, and possibly 
study-related adverse events in a timely manner so that NIH, FDA, and the IRB may be notified, 
as needed.   
Adverse event assessment, recording, reporting, and investigation will be accomplished through 
staff training, structured/standardized assessments of untoward occurrences/events, and regular 
monitoring by Optum staff and the study team. The PIs have ultimate responsibility for ensuring 
that SAEs are detected and reported in a timely manner. Additionally, the IRB will receive an 
annual report of all SAEs and AEs meeting the criteria listed above. 
Plans for assuring that any action resulting in a temporary or permanent suspension of an NIH-
funded clinical trial is reported to the NIH grant program director responsible for the grant. The 
NIH grant program director will be notified within 5 days if the PIs deem it necessary to suspend 


Version: September 20, 2022 
20 
 
the clinical trial. In the case of a temporary suspension, the PIs will develop a plan for continuation 
of the study and discuss this plan with the NIH grant program director in a reasonable time frame.   
Plans for assuring data accuracy and confidentiality and protocol compliance. The UW-CTRI PIs 
will develop protocols for assuring UW-CTRI data collection accuracy and protocol compliance 
(relevant to follow-up assessments). Such protocols will include data verification and protocol 
compliance checks. The UW-CTRI team will also work with Optum and SmokefreeTXT to ensure 
that their protocols have similar quality assurance standards and data security checks. The 
researchers at UW-CTRI will abide by the uploaded Data Use Agreement terms for use of 
SmokefreeTXT use data. The Data Manager and PIs will also be responsible for ensuring that the 
data for the project are securely transferred from Optum and SmokefreeTXT and stored at UW-
CTRI, and that storage is in compliance with University and federal regulations and that no 
unauthorized persons have access (electronic or physical) to any participant-identifiable data. 
HIPAA regulations and guidelines are currently implemented at UW-CTRI and Optum, and all 
study staff must complete approved human subjects and HIPAA training programs.  
Inter-site data transfers are accomplished via secure file transfer protocols (SFTP) using an 
internet server maintained by the UW School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH) 
Department of Medicine. To protect the privacy of database records and the integrity of the 
network, this server is firewall-protected and is stored in a locked server room with a numeric 
keypad to restrict entry. The server is continuously scanned for the presence of viruses. A 
complete virus scan of all workstations also takes place once a week. Server system log files are 
scanned for unusual activity, which is immediately investigated. Network and Server 
Administration staff members apply critical and non-critical patches as needed. In addition, the 
UW-CTRI and the UWSMPH Department of Medicine also have multiple mechanisms for 
preserving confidentiality of research participants and providing data security in the transfer of 
data from participant machines to the SFTP server. The Department of Medicine web servers use 
Secure Socket Layer (SSL or https) technology to encrypt data exchanged between the client and 
the server. In addition, all online and offline components of the data systems described in the 
proposal will be accessible only through a login and password unique to each user.  The security 
access levels for these login accounts are tiered and the features and privileges given to each 
staff member will be determined by the PIs and IT Manager. To further protect confidentiality, only 
the UW-CTRI IT Manager will be permitted to transmit data to the SFTP server. Finally, the 
Department of Medicine employs extensive data backup and server redundancy procedures and 
performs full backups to tape weekly of all servers, along with incremental and daily backups.  
Data and Safety Monitoring Committee. In addition to the protections outlined in the DSMP 
(above), all research activities conforming to the NIH definition of a clinical trial will also have an 
independent Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (DSMC). This application includes a Phase 
IV clinical trial using FDA-approved medications. The DSMP specifies overall monitoring that will 
be conducted by Optum, as the intervention deliverer, and by the PIs, including timely reporting of 
AEs and SAEs. Every six months, the DSMC will convene to review the overall safety data, as 
well as data on safety summarized by treatment condition. As per NIH guidelines, the objective of 
these reviews will be to determine whether continued conduct of the trial poses any undue risk for 
participants. 
The existing UW-CTRI DSMC is chaired by Dr. James Cleary, leader of the Cancer Control 
Program of the UW Comprehensive Cancer Center. Dr. Cleary is an experienced physician and 
clinical trial researcher with no involvement in any of this project’s research activities. Dr. Cleary is 
joined on the DSMC by Dr. James Sosman and Dr. Burke Richmond. Dr. Sosman is Associate 
Professor of Medicine and Medical Director of the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Care Program at UW 
Hospital and Clinics who has previously collaborated on a clinical trial of smoking cessation with 


Version: September 20, 2022 
21 
 
UW-CTRI. Dr. Richmond is an otolaryngologist who has served on independent DSMBCs for 
Phase II and III trials involving a nicotine vaccine. Neither has direct involvement with any of the 
proposed research. The PIs will report to the DSMC; the three DSMC members will be unblinded 
as to treatment conditions and will make the final determinations as to study continuation.


 
 
          
 
References 
1. 
Frieden TR. The health consequences of smoking-50 years of progress. Executive 
summary. 2014. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-
progress/exec-summary.pdf. 
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Clarke TC, Ward BW, Freeman G, Schiller JS. Early release of selected estimates 
based on data from the January–September 2015 National Health Interview Survey. 
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Jamal A, Homa DM, O'Connor E, et al. Current cigarette smoking among adults - United 
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking rates for uninsured and adults on 
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Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Miller BA, et al. Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer 
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: 
50 years of progress. a report of the Surgeon General. 2014. 
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David A, Esson K, Peruice A-M, Fitzpatrick C. Tobacco use: equity and social 
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quitting smoking among adults - United 
States 2001-2010. MMWR. 2011;60(44):1513-1519. 
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Reid JL, Hammond D, Boudreau C, Fong GT, Siahpush M, Collaboration ITC. 
Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence 
among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco 
Control Four Country Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12 Suppl:S20-33. 
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Caleyachetty A, Lewis S, McNeill A, Leonardi-Bee J. Struggling to make ends meet: 
exploring pathways to understand why smokers in financial difficulties are less likely to 
quit successfully. Eur J Public Health. 2012;22 Suppl 1:41-48. 
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North American Quitline Consortium. Results from the 2015 NAQC Annual Survey of 
Quitlines. 2015. http://www.naquitline.org/?page=2015Survey. Accessed 13 Sep 2016. 
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Wisconsin Tobacco Quitline. Annual data report. 2015. 
13. 
Borland R, Segan CJ. The potential of quitlines to increase smoking cessation. Drug 
Alcohol Rev. 2006;25(1):73-78.  
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Lichtenstein E, Zhu SH, Tedeschi GJ. Smoking cessation quitlines: an underrecognized 
intervention success story. Am Psychol. 2010;65(4):252-261. 
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Tzelepis F, Paul CL, Walsh RA, Wiggers J, Duncan SL, Knight J. Predictors of 
abstinence among smokers recruited actively to quitline support. Addiction. 
2013;108(1):181-185. 
16. 
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Evaluation of Colorado 
QuitLine outcomes  among FY2010-2011 enrollees. 2012. 
http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/PublicHealth/community/CEPEG/WkProdu
cts/Reports/Documents/71QL%20evaluation%20report,%20corrected%20final%20with%
20q'aires,%202-9-12.pdf. Accessed 16 Sep 2016. 


 
 
          
 
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Piper ME, Smith SS, Schlam TR, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of 5 
smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(11):1253-1262. 
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Bolt DM, Piper ME, Theobald WE, Baker TB. Why two smoking cessation agents work 
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Scott-Sheldon LA, Lantini R, Jennings EG, et al. Text messaging-based interventions for 
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Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Rodgers A, Gu Y. Mobile phone-based 
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Cahill K, Hartmann-Boyce J, Perera R. Incentives for smoking cessation. Cochrane 
Database Syst Rev. 2015(5):CD004307. 
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Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, et al. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive 
programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(22):2108-2117. 
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Idler EL, Benyamini Y. Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven 
community studies. J Health Soc Behav. 1997;38(1):21-37. 
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Short ME, Goetzel RZ, Pei X, et al. How accurate are self-reports? Analysis of self-
reported health care utilization and absence when compared with administrative data. J 
Occup Environ Med. 2009;51(7):786-796. 
26. 
Tedeschi GJ, Cummins SE, Anderson CM, Anthenelli RM, Zhuang YL, Zhu SH. 
Smokers with self-reported mental health conditions: a case for screening in the context 
of tobacco cessation services. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159127. 
27.  
Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention. Medicaid Incentives to Prevent Chronic 
Disease: Wisconsin Striving to Quit – Quit Line Incentive Program Final Report. 2016. 
Report to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Report No. P-01700. 
28.  
Sanders GD, Neumann PJ, Basu A, et al. Recommendations for conduct, 
methodological practices, and reporting of cost-effectiveness analyses: second Panel on 
Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. JAMA. 2016;316(10):1093-1103. 
29.  
Feirman SP, Glasser AM, Teplitskaya L, et al. Medical costs and quality-adjusted life 
years associated with smoking: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:646. 
30. 
Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A 
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31. 
Rose JE, Herskovic JE, Behm FM, Westman EC. Precessation treatment with nicotine 
patch significantly increases abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment. Nicotine 
Tob Res. 2009;11(9):1067-1075. 
32. 
Schuurmans MM, Diacon AH, van Biljon X, Bolliger CT. Effect of pre-treatment with 
nicotine patch on withdrawal symptoms and abstinence rates in smokers subsequently 
quitting with the nicotine patch: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2004;99(5):634-
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33. 
Fucito LM, Bars MP, Forray A, et al. Addressing the evidence for FDA nicotine 
replacement therapy label changes: a policy statement of the Association for the 
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and Tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(7):909-914. 

ICF_000.pdf: 
 
 
Improving Quitline Support (IQS) Study 
 
NCT03538938 
10/28/2020 


Informed Consent 
Version: October 22, 2020 
IRB Approval Date: 10/28/2020 
University of Wisconsin – Madison 
 
 
Study Information Sheet 
 
 
Title of the Study: Improving Quitline Support (IQS) Study 
 
Principal Investigators: Danielle E. McCarthy, Ph.D. and Michael C. Fiore, M.D., M.P.H., 
M.B.A. (phone: 608-262-8673) 
 
Description of the study 
 
Thank you for your interest. This sheet goes over the information we talked about on the phone 
when you enrolled. 
 
The purpose of this study is to test ways to improve Quit Line services for people who want to 
quit smoking in the next two weeks. This study will test four ways to add to current Quit Line 
services to help more people quit smoking. 
 
This study is being done by the Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention at the University 
of Wisconsin - Madison. About 1600 people will participate in this study. 
 
We asked you to take part because you reside in Wisconsin and you were interested in quitting 
smoking within two weeks. 
 
The first step in the study was to answer some questions about your use of tobacco and stop- 
smoking aids, mental and physical health, cell-phone use, employment, and family income over 
the phone. You have already completed this step. 
 
After answering these questions, I told you what kind of support we will give you to help you quit 
smoking. Everyone in the study was assigned randomly to a set of smoking support services. 
This means that the type of support you are receiving was selected by chance, like by a coin 
flip. 
 
Everyone in the study is receiving Quit Line coaching at no cost, like the support you had 
before. People who are medically able to take nicotine medication are also getting this treatment 
at no cost. The Quit Line coaching call and nicotine medication that everybody will get will take 
the place of usual Quit Line services for about 6 months. This means you will not be able to 
receive the usual state Quit Line benefits while also receiving study treatment for the 6 months 
you are in the study. 
 
Some people were assigned randomly to receive more support. 
 
The extra support that some will get includes more coaching calls; an extra two weeks of 
nicotine medication, including both nicotine lozenges and patches, for those who are medically 
able to use nicotine medication; 6-8 weeks of SmokefreeTXT text messages with tips and 
support for quitting; and additional gift card payments for using coaching and text treatments. 
Only some people in the study will get each of these extra treatments. 
 
Everyone in the study will be asked to answer follow-up questions by phone about 3 and 6 
months from now and will be paid $30 for completing each of these10-15-minute calls. 
Everyone in the study will have this chance to earn $60 by answering questions over the phone. 


Informed Consent 
Version: October 22, 2020 
IRB Approval Date: 10/28/2020 
University of Wisconsin – Madison 
 
 
 
In about six months, we may also ask you to come to a research office near you to blow your 
breath into a carbon monoxide tester and to give us a urine sample (like you would at a doctor’s 
office). Or, we may ask you to complete a test at home using a special breath-testing machine 
we would send you, or a kit you would use to collect your spit (or saliva). If you do the test at 
home, you will email or mail the result to us. We will use breath, saliva, and urine to test for 
signs of smoking. This helps us make sure our results are correct. People who complete these 
tests will earn $40. Payments will be sent after completing each call or visit and can take up to 
four weeks to reach you. 
 
You will be in the study for a about 6 months and it will end after your final phone call or the 6 
month follow-up visit if you are asked to take part in that visit. 
 
How is this study different from usual QuitLine services? 
 
For many people, the study offers as much or more support as usual QuitLine services. For 
some people who have access to intensive QuitLine programs, the study may offer less than the 
QuitLine. 
 
If you are American Indian or Alaskan Native, the American Indian Commercial Tobacco 
Cessation program offers more medication and more calls with specially trained Quit Coaches 
than the study. You cannot be in both the study and the American Indian QuitLine program at 
the same time. I can help you enroll in the American Indian program if you do not want to be in 
the study. Of, you can enroll in the American Indian program after your study participation ends 
in 6 months. 
 
If you are 18-24 years old, the QuitLine offers the Text2Quit program, a year-long text-message 
program similar to SmokefreeTXT. Only half the people in the study will be offered 
SmokefreeTXT, so you may not get a text-message program if you enter the study. I can help 
you enroll in the study or QuitLine Text2Quit, but not both programs at the same time. 
 
 
What are the risks and benefits of being in the study? 
 
A risk if you participate in the study is that your study information could become known to 
someone who is not involved in performing or monitoring this study. All your information will be 
kept on secure, password-protected computers and will be sent to the University of Wisconsin 
Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention securely to protect your information from 
unauthorized use and disclosure. 
 
You may experience side effects from nicotine medication if you use this. For the nicotine patch, 
the most common side effect is irritated skin. In very rare cases, some patch users may have an 
allergic reaction that would require medical attention. If you were assigned to a group receiving 
nicotine lozenges, they may cause heartburn, hiccups, coughing, sore throat, and cold-like 
symptoms. Most smokers are used to nicotine due to smoking and, because of this, using 
nicotine medications should not be a problem. However, it is possible that you might get too 
much nicotine and experience nausea, vomiting, and other unpleasant symptoms. If you have 
such symptoms, you can reduce your use of patch and/or lozenges. 


Informed Consent 
Version: October 22, 2020 
IRB Approval Date: 10/28/2020 
University of Wisconsin – Madison 
 
 
There is also a risk of unpleasant symptoms related to nicotine withdrawal because of quitting 
smoking. These symptoms may include problems sleeping, hunger, craving for cigarettes, 
difficulty concentrating, irritability, and bad mood. Your Quit Line coach will talk with you about 
how to manage such symptoms. 
 
It is important for you to know that Quit Line coaching and text messages will be delivered over 
the phone and may cost you cell phone minutes. There will be no other costs for participating in 
this study. 
 
The main benefit of this study for you is getting treatment that could help you stop smoking. 
The researchers also hope that the information they learn from you will help other smokers quit. 
 
What happens if I am injured or get sick because of this study? 
 
Being injured during this research is very unlikely. However, accidents can happen. If you are 
injured or get sick because of this study, medical care is available to you through UW Health, 
your local provider, or emergency services, as it is to all sick or injured people. 
  If it is an emergency, call 911 right away or go to the emergency room. 
  For non-emergency medical problems, contact your regular health care provider. You may 
also call your Quit Coach at the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line at 1-800-QUIT-NOW. 
  Call the Lead Research, Danielle McCarthy, at 608-262-8673 to report your sickness or injury. 
 
Here are some things you need to know if you get sick or are injured because of this research: 
  If the sickness or injury requires medical care, the costs for the care will be billed to you or 
your insurance, just like any other medical costs. 
  Your health insurance company may or may not pay for this care. 
  No other compensation (such as lost wages or damages) is usually available. 
  UW-Madison and UW Health do not have a program to pay you if you get sick or are injured 
because of this study. 
  By taking part in this study, you are not giving up any legal rights you may have. You keep 
your legal rights to seek payment for care required because of a sickness or injury resulting 
from this study. 
 
 
What health information will be collected for this study? 
The information collected will include your background (such as your name, phone number, 
age, race, and county), your health, and your history of tobacco use that was shared when you 
registered for the Quit Line. It will also include the answers to the questions you provided on the 
day you enrolled in the study. This information will be used by the researchers to determine how 
well study treatments work for particular groups of smokers. 
 
Information about your use of Quit Line coaching and the SmokefreeTXT support program will 
be used by the researchers to see how much support you actually received. Information about 
your use of the Quit Line coaching calls includes how many calls you complete and how long 
they last, but the things you discuss during coaching calls will not be used for this study. If you 
are assigned to use the SmokefreeTXT program, the study will gather information about how 
much you use the program and about the texts you send to the system about your smoking, 
mood, and cravings to smoke. 


Informed Consent 
Version: October 22, 2020 
IRB Approval Date: 10/28/2020 
University of Wisconsin – Madison 
 
 
Information about your use of tobacco and stop smoking treatments and your beliefs about 
quitting smoking will be collected by researchers 3- and 6-months from now to see how the 
treatments changed these. 
 
Who will use your health information from this study? 
 
  
The information collected from you during this study will be used by the researchers at 
the UW-Center for Tobacco Research & Intervention. It may also be shared with others 
at the UW-Madison. Whenever possible your health information will be kept confidential 
 
  
The Quit Line, which is helping the researchers at UW-Madison complete this study. 
 
  
The information collected during this study may be shared with researchers at other 
institutions helping with the project. Whenever possible we will not share any information 
that could identify you directly. 
 
  
UW-Madison regulatory and research oversight boards and offices 
How Will Your Privacy Be Protected? 
Both Quit Line and the University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have strict rules to protect 
your personal information and protected health information. We will limit who has access to 
your name, address, phone number, and other information that can identify you. We will also 
store this information securely. The UW Madison may publish and present what we learn from 
this study, but none of this information will identify you directly without your permission. 
 
The information collected from you during this study will be used by the researchers and 
research staff of the UW-Madison for this study. It may also be shared with others at the UW- 
Madison. Whenever possible your health information will be kept confidential. 
 
People outside of UW- Madison and its affiliates who receive your health information may not be 
covered by privacy laws and may be able to share your health information with others without 
your permission This study, however, does not involve sharing any of your health information 
with individuals outside of the UW-Madison. 
 
How long will your permission to use your health information last? 
 
By agreeing to participate in the study you gave permission for your health information to be 
used for the study and be shared with the individuals and institutions described in this form. 
Unless you withdraw your permission to stop the use of your health information, there is no end 
date for its use for this research. You can withdraw your permission at any time by contacting 
the research team by phone at 1-888-497-0920 or in writing at 1930 Monroe St., Suite 200, 
Madison, WI 53711. 
 
Once you withdraw your permission, no new health information will be used. Any health 
information that was shared before you withdrew will continue to be used. If you decide to 
withdraw your permission, you can no longer take part in this study. 
 
Is participating in the study voluntary? 


Informed Consent 
Version: October 22, 2020 
IRB Approval Date: 10/28/2020 
University of Wisconsin – Madison 
 
 
Your participation is voluntary. You don’t have to participate in this study and you may refuse to 
do so. If you refuse to give your consent, you cannot take part in this study. You can still get 
support from the Quit Line, but will not be able to participate in any of the study activities or 
receive any payments related to the study. Any relationship you have with the Quit Line or the 
University of Wisconsin-Madison will not be affected by your decision whether or not to 
participate. You may completely withdraw from the study at any time. 
 
When we ask you questions for the study, you can choose to skip any question that you do not 
feel comfortable answering. You will not be punished or penalized for choosing not to answer 
study questions. 
 
If You Have Questions 
 
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by 
U.S. Law. This website will not include information that can identify you. At most, the website 
will include a summary of the results. You can search this website at any time. 
 
If you have any questions about your treatment or compensation, you can call the Wisconsin 
Tobacco QuitLine at 1-800-QUIT-NOW. 
 
If you have for questions about your follow-up interviews, how your information will be used, or 
results of the research you can call the researchers at the University of Wisconsin – Madison at 
1-888-497-0920. 
 
If you have any questions about your rights as a research subject or complaints about the 
research study that you could not resolve with the study team, contact UWHC Patient Relations 
Representative at 608-263-8009.