Clinical trial NCT04915950
Conditions: Raynaud's Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Keywords: Raynaud's phenomenon SSc-RP Systemic sclerosis SSc Digital cold sensitivity Digital blood flow APD791 Temanogrel
Sponsor: Pfizer
Start date: 2021-11-03; Completion date: 2022-09-02
Enrollment: 13 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: CROSSOVER

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to determine whether oral temanogrel improves digital blood flow in participants with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc-RP) as a potential safe and effective treatment for symptoms associated with SSc-RP.

Detailed description:
The study will be conducted in 2 stages: Stage A and Stage B. In both stages, participants will be equally randomized in a double-blind manner to a 3-period crossover treatment sequence. Separate cohorts of participants will participate in each stage. In Stage A, participants will be treated with two dose levels of temanogrel and placebo. Doses in Stage B will be determined based on the results of Stage A.

Arms: arm 1: None arm 2: None arm 3: None arm 4: None arm 5: None arm 6: None
Interventions: intervention 1: Temanogrel intervention 2: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Participants will receive a single oral dose of temanogrel during the treatment visit. intervention 2: Participants will receive a single oral dose of temanogrel matching placebo during the treatment visit.

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL
Protocol title:
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled,
Crossover Study to Assess the Effect of Oral Temanogrel on Digital Blood 
Flow in Subjects with Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic 
Sclerosis
Protocol number:
APD791-204
Version:
Amendment 3.0, dated 22 February 2022
Compound name:
Temanogrel (APD791)
Study phase:
2
Indication:
Treatment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Sponsor name:
Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Legal registered 
address:
6154 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego, California 92121
USA
Sponsor’s Responsible 
Medical Officer:
Sponsor’s Authorized 
Signatory
 MD, MBA
, MD
Clinical Lead:
Tel:
E-mail: 
SAE reporting:
IQVIA Pharmacovigilance
Tel: +1-866-599-1341
Fax: +1-866-599-1342
E-mail: ArenaSafety@iqvia.com
Sponsor approval:
This protocol was approved by the Sponsor’s Responsible Medical Officer 
or delegate. The electronic signature manifest is appended.
Confidentiality Statement
This document contains confidential information of Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Unauthorized 
distribution, copying, or disclosure is strictly prohibited unless required by applicable law. Persons 
receiving this information must be notified that it is confidential and may not be further distributed, 
copied, or disclosed.
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PROTOCOL HISTORY
Document
Amendment Type
Date
Amendment 3.0
Global
22 February 2022
Amendment 2.0
Global
17 May 2021
Amendment 1.1
Country-specific (United Kingdom)
27 April 2021
Amendment 1.0
Global
12 February 2021
Original 0.0
Global
05 October 2020


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PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS
Sponsor: Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Name of Investigational Study Drug: Temanogrel (APD791)
Protocol Title: A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 
Crossover Study to Assess the Effect of Oral Temanogrel on Digital Blood Flow in Subjects 
with Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Protocol Number: APD791-204
Phase: 2
Country(ies)/Region(s) (planned): United States and United Kingdom
Objectives:
Primary:

To assess the effect of temanogrel on digital blood flow following a cold challenge in 
subjects with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc-RP)
Secondary:

To assess the effect of temanogrel on additional measures related to digital blood flow
at room temperature and following a cold challenge in subjects with SSc-RP

To assess the safety and tolerability of temanogrel in subjects with SSc-RP
Study Design:
This is a Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study assessing the 
effect of oral temanogrel on digital blood flow in subjects with SSc-RP. The study will be 
conducted in 2 stages (Stage A and Stage B). Separate cohorts of subjects will participate in 
each stage. Subjects who participate in Stage A may not participate in Stage B.
In Stage A, subjects will be equally randomized in a double-blind manner to a 3-period
crossover treatment sequence. The Screening Period will last for up to 28 days prior to Day 1
(Treatment Visit 1). Each subject will participate in 3 Treatment Visits, which will each be 
separated by a Washout Period of at least 72 hours and up to approximately 7 days between
study treatment administrations. During each Treatment Visit, subjects will receive a single 
dose of study treatment (placebo, 60 mg temanogrel, or 120 mg temanogrel) according to their 
crossover treatment sequence assignment.
On Day 1, subjects will be admitted to the clinic for Treatment Visit 1. After Check-in 
assessments including blood sampling for clinical laboratory assessments, pharmacokinetics 
(PK), and biomarkers, subjects will acclimatize for at least 20 minutes in a 
temperature-controlled room (23 [± 1]°C), followed by Predose digital blood flow assessments 
for 5 minutes at room temperature based on simultaneous collection of temperature and 
perfusion data using infrared (IR) thermography and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), 
respectively. After study treatment administration, subjects will undergo re-acclimatization for 
at least 20 minutes, followed by Postdose assessments. Postdose assessments will start 
45 (± 5) minutes after dosing with digital blood flow assessments performed once again for 
5 minutes at room temperature. A cold challenge will then be conducted by immersing the 
hands in a temperature-controlled water bath (15 [± 1]°C) for 1 minute, followed by post-cold 


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challenge digital blood flow assessments for 30 minutes. Blood samples for clinical laboratory 
assessments, PK and biomarkers will be collected again after post-cold challenge digital blood 
flow assessments are complete. Subjects will be discharged from the study unit once all 
planned Postdose assessments have been completed. For Treatment Visit 2 and Treatment 
Visit 3, subjects will return to the clinic at approximately the same time of the day as for 
Treatment Visit 1 (between 0800 and 1200 hours) and will undergo the same assessments as 
for Treatment Visit 1. A Follow-Up Visit will occur 4 (± 1) days after administration of final 
study treatment for a total study duration of 10 to 47 days.
Following the double-blinded conduct of Stage A, the Sponsor will conduct an unblinded 
evaluation of the efficacy and safety results prior to proceeding to Stage B. In Stage B, 
2 single doses of temanogrel (doses to be determined after review of Stage A data, but not 
exceeding 240 mg) and placebo are planned to be evaluated with a study design identical to 
Stage A.
Number of Subjects (Planned):
Approximately 48 subjects are planned to be enrolled in the study. Approximately 24 subjects 
are planned to be enrolled in Stage A. The number of subjects planned to be enrolled in 
Stage B is approximately 24; however, sample size may be adjusted based on the results of 
Stage A. Subjects participating in Stage A may not participate in Stage B.
Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
Subjects must meet ALL of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for enrollment into 
the study:
1. Raynaud’s phenomenon (defined as a history of digital cold sensitivity associated with 
color changes of cyanosis and pallor, with on average at least 5 attacks per week
during the winter period) secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc) based on either:
a.
Diagnosis of SSc (using the American College of Rheumatology/European League 
Against Rheumatism [ACR/EULAR 2013] and/or LeRoy and Medsger 
classification)
b. Diagnosis of very early SSc (using the Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis 
[VEDOSS] criteria)
2. 18 to 75 years of age, inclusive 
3. Females must meet a and c or b and males must meet d to qualify for the study:
a.
Female and not pregnant or breastfeeding
b. Female and not of child-bearing potential by one of the following:

Postmenopausal, defined as no menses for 12 months without an alternative 
medical cause

Permanent sterilization procedure, such as hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, 
or bilateral oophorectomy
c.
Female of child-bearing potential and using a highly effective contraception 
method during treatment and for 30 days following treatment that can achieve a 


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failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly. The 
following methods are considered highly effective birth control methods:

Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception 
associated with inhibition of ovulation, which may be oral, intravaginal, or 
transdermal

Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation, 
which may be oral, injected, or implanted

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS)

Bilateral tubal occlusion

Vasectomized partner

Sexual abstinence (complete sexual abstinence defined as refraining from 
heterosexual intercourse for the entire period of risk associated with study 
treatments). The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to 
the duration of the clinical study and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. 
Periodic abstinence (calendar, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods), 
withdrawal (coitus interruptus), spermicides only, and lactational amenorrhoea 
method (LAM) are not acceptable methods of contraception
d. Males with pregnant or non-pregnant female partners of child-bearing potential 
agree to using a condom during treatment and for 90 days following treatment
4. Body mass index 18.0 to 40.0 kg/m2, inclusive
5. Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
Subjects who meet ANY of the following exclusion criteria will not be eligible for enrollment 
into the study:
1. Active digital ulcer(s), recent history (within 3 months of Screening) of digital ulcers, 
or history of recurrent digital ulcerations that in the opinion of the Investigator increase 
the likelihood of developing a digital ulcer during the course of the study. Any history 
of gangrene, amputations, or other critical digital ischemic event
2. Presence of severe contractures (advanced fixed flexion) of the digits, which in the 
opinion of the Investigator could prevent accurate assessment of digital perfusion of 
the dorsal fingers
3. Raynaud’s phenomenon due to any cause other than SSc (eg, peripheral or central 
vasculopathy other than SSc, past exposure to vasculopathic agents, past frostbite 
injury)
4. Severe gastrointestinal complications related to SSc that in the opinion of the 
Investigator could significantly affect study drug absorption
5. History of gastrointestinal bleeding or active gastric or duodenal ulcers


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6. Subject’s digits do not reach a temperature of ≥27°C after 20 minutes of 
acclimatization at room temperature (23 [± 1]°C) at Screening
7. Any change in dosage of the following medications within 30 days of Day 1 or 
planned change in dosage during study participation: Calcium channel blockers 
(CCBs), phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), alpha-blockers, or angiotensin II 
receptor blockers (ARBs)
8. Use of nitrates within 30 days of Day 1
9. Use of endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (ERAs) and therapies targeting the 
prostacyclin receptor within 3 months of Day 1
10. Local treatment (of digits) with botulinum toxin within 30 days of Day 1
11. Surgical sympathectomy of digit within 3 months of Day 1
12. Use of vasoconstrictive drugs (eg, ergot derivatives, triptans) within 7 days of Day 1
13. Use of antiplatelet therapy with the exception of aspirin (eg, adenosine diphosphate 
receptor [P2Y12] inhibitors, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors), or anti-coagulants (eg, 
warfarin or direct oral anti-coagulants [DOACs], including oral thrombin inhibitors)
within 7 days of Day 1
14. Use of any medications affecting the serotonin system (eg, selective serotonin reuptake 
inhibitors [SSRI], serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs], atypical 
[second generation] antipsychotics possessing 5-HT2A pharmacology, or any other 
serotonergic agents possessing 5-HT2A pharmacology [eg, naftidrofuryl and the 
triazolopyridine antidepressant trazodone]) within 14 days of Day 1
15. Use of prescription medications/products or herbal preparations that are strong 
inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4, or are strong inhibitors of 
P-glycoprotein within 14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, 
whichever is longer. Refer to Section 5.4 Restricted Medications for details.
16. Use of prescription medications/products that are strong inhibitors of multidrug and 
toxin extrusion transporter-1 (MATE1) or organic cation transporter-2 (OCT2) within 
14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, whichever is longer. Refer 
to Section 5.4 Restricted Medications for details.
17. Use of prescription medications/products that are sensitive or moderately sensitive 
substrates of CYP2C8 within 14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the 
medication/product, whichever is longer. Refer to Section 5.4 Restricted Medications 
for details.
18. Use of prescription medications/products that are sensitive substrates of CYP3A4/5
within 14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, whichever is longer.
Exceptions are PDE5i (allowed per Exclusion Criterion #7) and atorvastatin. Refer to 
Section 5.4 Restricted Medications for details.
19. Consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice within 3 days of Check-in


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20. Diabetes mellitus diagnosed more than 5 years ago or with known history of end-organ 
damage (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy)
21. History of advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class 3 or 4)
or myocardial infarction within 1 month prior to Screening
22. Any history of stroke, seizure disorder, intracranial bleeding, or intracranial aneurysm; 
significant head injury requiring hospital assessment within 30 days prior to Screening
23. Transient ischemic attack within the 6 months prior to Screening
24. History of major trauma, major surgery, and/or clinically significant hemorrhage 
within the 6 months prior to Screening
25. Active hepatitis C
26. At the discretion of the Investigator, any history or clinical manifestation of any 
endocrine, allergic, dermatological, hepatic, renal, hematological, pulmonary, 
gastrointestinal, neurological or psychiatric disorder, or any malignancy treated within 
1 year of Screening (with the exception of basal cell carcinoma of skin which is not 
advanced) that would prevent the individual from participating in the study due to risk 
to the scientific validity of study assessments or to personal well being
27. Any abnormal clinical chemistry, hematology, electrocardiogram (ECG), urinalysis, or 
physical finding at Screening that in the opinion of the Investigator is deemed 
clinically significant and that would prevent the individual from participating in the 
study due to risk to the scientific validity of study assessments or to the patient’s 
personal well being
28. Hepatic dysfunction (history of cirrhosis with diagnosed portal hypertension, or
alanine aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] > 3 × upper limit 
of normal [ULN]) at Screening)
29. Clinically significant renal insufficiency (ie, serum creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL or estimated 
glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2; calculated using the Chronic 
Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD Epi] equation) at Screening 
30. Impaired hemostasis (eg, thrombocytopenia [platelet count < 100,000/μL] at 
Screening; abnormal coagulation test defined as prothrombin time [PT] or partial 
thromboplastin time [PTT] > 1.5 × ULN, or international normalized ratio [INR] > 2 at 
Screening; past or present bleeding disorder, sickle cell or other platelet disorders, or 
carcinoid disorder)
31. Any surgeries or interventional procedures planned or anticipated during study 
participation
32. Positive urine test for amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, 
marijuana, methadone, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, opiate, 
oxycodone, or phencyclidine. Exception is a test that is positive due to a prescription 
drug or medication. 


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33. Known history of alcohol or substance use disorder that is considered clinically 
significant per the judgement of the Investigator and that would represent risk to the 
scientific validity of study assessments or the patient’s well being
34. Use of tobacco or nicotine-containing products (including but not limited to cigarettes, 
e-cigarettes, pipes, cigars, chewing tobacco, nicotine patches, nicotine lozenges, or 
nicotine gum) for at least 90 days prior to Screening 
35. Previous participation in a study with temanogrel
36. Subjects who have received any investigational device or investigational drug within 
30 days of Day 1, or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever is greater) prior 
to Screening
37. Hypersensitivity to temanogrel or placebo compounds
38. Inability to swallow capsules as required per the protocol 
39. In the opinion of the Investigator, subject is not a candidate for blood sampling as 
required per the protocol
Test Product, Dose, and Mode of Administration:
The oral formulation of temanogrel contains 20 mg of active pharmaceutical ingredient in a 
Swedish orange hard-gelatin capsule.
Duration of Treatment:
Subjects will receive a single oral dose of study treatment on each of the 3 Treatment Visits in 
a randomized 3-period crossover treatment sequence.
Reference Therapy, Dose, and Mode of Administration:
Placebo will contain microcrystalline cellulose in a Swedish orange hard-gelatin capsule. 
Visual appearance and mode of administration of placebo will match that of the temanogrel 
drug product to maintain the blind.
Endpoints:
Primary Endpoint:

Change in digital blood flow based on:
o
Rewarming area under the curve (AUC; °C, assessed with IR thermography) 
during the 30 minutes following a cold challenge
o
Reperfusion AUC (perfusion units [pu], assessed with LSCI) during the 
30 minutes following a cold challenge
Secondary Endpoints:

Change in the following temperature (°C, assessed with IR thermography) and 
perfusion (pu, assessed with LSCI) parameters:
o
Maximum reduction following a cold challenge
o
Maximum recovery during the 30 minutes following a cold challenge
o
AUC during the initial 2 minutes following a cold challenge
o
Slope during the initial 2 minutes following a cold challenge


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o
Time to achieve 50% recovery from the cold challenge-induced reduction
o
Time to achieve 70% recovery from the cold challenge-induced reduction

Change from Predose to Postdose in the following temperature (°C, assessed with IR 
thermography) and perfusion (pu, assessed with LSCI) parameters:
o
Room temperature values
o
Distal dorsal difference (DDD) (defined as the difference in measurements 
between the dorsum and the finger) at room temperature
Safety Endpoint:

Safety and tolerability of temanogrel
Pharmacodynamic Assessments:
Pharmacodynamic (PD) assessments of digital blood flow based on both temperature and 
perfusion will be conducted simultaneously using IR thermography and LSCI, respectively. 
Digital blood flow will be assessed at each Treatment Visit at Predose for 5 minutes at room 
temperature, and at Postdose prior to cold challenge for 5 minutes at room temperature and for 
30 minutes following a cold challenge. Region(s) of interest (ROIs) on both hands will be 
predefined and the same ROIs will be used for analysis during all digital blood flow 
measurements for all subjects. Data will be presented in temperature (°C) for IR thermography 
or in arbitrary pu for LSCI and averaged for all ROIs.
Biomarker Assessments:
Plasma serotonin concentration as well as markers of vascular injury and endothelial 
dysfunction (endothelin-1, factor VIII activity, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1], 
tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen [t-PA], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]
activity, PAI-1 antigen, vascular adhesion molecule 1 [VCAM-1], vascular endothelial growth 
factor [VEGF], and von Willebrand factor [VWF]) will be assessed at each Treatment Visit at 
Check-in and following the post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessments. 
The relationships between selected PD measures and biomarker concentrations may be 
explored.
Pharmacokinetic Assessments:
Blood samples for plasma PK analysis of temanogrel and its metabolites will be collected at 
each Treatment Visit at Check-in and after the post-cold challenge digital blood flow 
assessments are completed. 
The relationships between plasma concentration of selected analytes (temanogrel, its active 
metabolites, and/or all analytes combined) and selected PD measures may be explored.
Safety Assessments:
Safety assessments will include assessment of adverse events, ECGs, vital signs, clinical 
chemistry and hematology, and physical examinations.


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Statistical Methods:
Determination of Sample Size:
Approximately 24 subjects are planned to be randomized in Stage A, which is sufficient to 
achieve at least 80% power to detect a treatment effect of 16.6% from placebo for change in 
digital blood flow based on rewarming AUC (°C, assessed with IR thermography) during the 
30 minutes following a cold challenge for each of the 2 temanogrel treatments based on a 
difference of means test for a 3-period, 3-treatment crossover design with a significance level 
0.05 (2-sided). The test assumes the temanogrel treatment group mean of 365, placebo group 
mean of 313, and a standard deviation of the difference in temanogrel treatment and placebo 
group means of 86. In addition, with 24 subjects there is at least 80% power to detect a 
treatment effect of 23.5% from placebo for change in digital blood flow based on reperfusion 
AUC (pu, assessed with LSCI) during the 30 minutes following a cold challenge for each of 
the 2 temanogrel treatments (temanogrel treatment group mean of 24.7, placebo group mean 
of 20, and a standard deviation of the difference in temanogrel treatment and placebo group 
means of 7.8). Assumptions are based on previous studies in SSc-RP utilizing these or similar 
methods (Herrick 2014, Wilkinson 2018, Wise 2004). Subjects will be equally randomized 
(1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio) to 1 of the 6 treatment sequences (4 subjects per sequence).
Approximately 24 subjects are planned to be randomized in Stage B using the same 3-period, 
3-treatment crossover design. Based on Stage A results, Stage B sample size may be modified, 
but not limited to, Stage A dose levels will be enriched or 2 additional temanogrel doses will 
be evaluated.
Stratification:
No randomization stratification factors will be employed.
Testing Strategy:
No formal testing strategy or adjustments of the Type I error will be employed for the 
evaluation of secondary or exploratory endpoints. Estimates and 95% confidence intervals 
(CI) for treatment groups and from pairwise comparisons will be reported in an exploratory 
manner.
Statistical Analysis:
The primary and secondary endpoints will be analyzed using the Full Analysis Set (FAS) and 
safety endpoints will be performed using the Safety Set. Other important statistical 
considerations and sensitivity analyses, will be described in the Statistical Analysis Plan 
(SAP).
The primary endpoints of the study are the change in digital blood flow based on 
rewarming/reperfusion AUC (assessed with IR thermography and LSCI, respectively) during 
the 30 minutes following a cold challenge. The primary analyses will be analyzed using 
analysis of variance (ANOVA; Williams’ design) with a model that includes treatment group, 
sequence, and period as factors. Least square means, standard errors (SEs), and 95% CIs for 
the treatments and their difference will be presented together with their p-values.


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Unless otherwise specified, secondary continuous endpoints will be analyzed using ANOVA 
(Williams’ design) with a model that includes treatment group, sequence, and period as 
factors. Least square means, SEs, and 95% CIs for the treatments and their difference will be 
presented together with their p-values.
Given subjects will receive all 3 treatments in 1 of 6 possible sequences, first-order carryover 
effects will be evaluated to assess the extent to which the order of treatments affected primary 
and secondary endpoints.
The primary safety endpoint of the study is the assessment of treatment-emergent adverse 
events (TEAEs) and will be performed using the Safety Set. All bleeding-related adverse 
events will be classified using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria.
Pairwise comparisons of each temanogrel treatment group compared to placebo will be 
conducted. In addition, analyses of the pooled temanogrel treatment groups compared to 
placebo will be conducted.
Where statistical assumptions (eg, normality, first-order carry effects) are not met, alternative 
approaches will be evaluated (eg, nonparametric analysis, log transformation). All statistical 
tests for efficacy parameters will be performed at the 0.05 significance level (2-sided).
Details regarding the statistical analyses will be provided in the SAP.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis:
The PK analysis will be conducted using plasma concentrations of temanogrel and its 
metabolites from subjects who have received temanogrel and have evaluable plasma 
concentrations. Further details will be provided in the SAP.
Safety Analysis:
Adverse events will be listed and summarized by system organ class and preferred term, as 
well as according to severity and relationship to study treatment. TEAEs will be summarized 
by study stage and treatment group. Similarly, bleeding events will be summarized by BARC 
classification by study stage and treatment group. Observed values for clinical chemistry and 
hematology tests and vital signs will be summarized by study stage, treatment group, and 
study day. Individual data listings of clinical chemistry and hematology tests results will be 
presented for each subject. Observed values and changes from Baseline will be summarized 
descriptively. Observed values will be classified for normal, abnormality that is not clinically 
significant, and clinically significant abnormality by study stage, treatment group, and 
timepoint of collection. Results of other safety assessments will be listed and summarized as 
appropriate. A detailed description of all safety analyses will be provided in the SAP.
Interim Analysis:
Following Stage A, unblinded analyses will be conducted to review the safety, PK, and 
efficacy (eg, observed treatment effect, variability of digital blood flow measures) data. Based 
on Stage A results, Stage B sample size may be modified, such as, but not limited to, Stage A 
dose levels will be enriched or 2 additional doses will be evaluated. Full details of the safety, 
PK, and efficacy data interim analyses will be provided in the SAP.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROTOCOL HISTORY..................................................................................................................2
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................3
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS................................................17
1.
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................21
1.1.
Background.................................................................................................................22
1.1.1.
Clinical Experience.....................................................................................................22
1.2.
Benefit-Risk Considerations.......................................................................................22
2.
OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................24
3.
STUDY DESIGN .......................................................................................................25
3.1.
Overall Design............................................................................................................26
3.2.
Discussion and Scientific Rationale for Study Design...............................................26
3.2.1.
Scientific Rationale for Temanogrel in SSc-RP .........................................................26
3.2.2.
Study Population.........................................................................................................27
3.2.3.
Study Design and Methodology .................................................................................27
3.2.4.
Rationale for Dose Selection ......................................................................................28
4.
STUDY POPULATION.............................................................................................29
4.1.
Inclusion Criteria ........................................................................................................29
4.2.
Exclusion Criteria.......................................................................................................30
5.
SUBJECT RESTRICTIONS ......................................................................................33
5.1.
Meals and Dietary Restrictions...................................................................................33
5.2.
Activity Restrictions ...................................................................................................33
5.3.
Clothing Restrictions ..................................................................................................33
5.4.
Restricted Medications ...............................................................................................33
5.5.
Additional Restrictions...............................................................................................34
6.
STUDY TREATMENT..............................................................................................34
6.1.
Study Treatment(s) Administered...............................................................................34
6.2.
Identity of Study Treatments ......................................................................................35
6.2.1.
Temanogrel.................................................................................................................35
6.2.2.
Placebo........................................................................................................................35
6.3.
Dosage and Administration ........................................................................................35
6.3.1.
Instructions for Missed Dose(s)..................................................................................35


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6.3.2.
Dose Interruptions ......................................................................................................35
6.4.
Method of Assigning Subjects to Treatment ..............................................................36
6.5.
Selection and Timing of Dose for Each Subject.........................................................36
6.6.
Blinding ......................................................................................................................36
6.7.
Treatment Compliance................................................................................................37
6.8.
Concomitant Therapy .................................................................................................37
6.8.1.
Required Concomitant Therapy..................................................................................37
6.8.2.
Allowed Concomitant Therapy...................................................................................37
7.
STUDY TREATMENT MATERIALS MANAGEMENT........................................37
7.1.
Packaging and Labeling..............................................................................................37
7.2.
Storage and Handling .................................................................................................38
7.3.
Study Treatment Accountability.................................................................................38
7.4.
Retention and Disposal...............................................................................................38
8.
REMOVAL OF SUBJECTS FROM THERAPY OR ASSESSMENT .....................39
8.1.
Discontinuation of Study Treatment...........................................................................39
8.2.
Other Discontinuation from the Study........................................................................39
8.3.
Lost to Follow-Up.......................................................................................................40
8.4.
Premature Termination of the Study or a Study Site..................................................40
9.
STUDY PERIODS .....................................................................................................41
9.1.
Screening ....................................................................................................................41
9.2.
Treatment Visits..........................................................................................................41
9.3.
Follow-Up/End of Study.............................................................................................42
9.4.
Early Termination.......................................................................................................42
10.
STUDY ASSESSMENTS AND PROCEDURES......................................................42
10.1.
Subject Informed Consent ..........................................................................................42
10.2.
Screening and Eligibility ............................................................................................42
10.2.1.
Rescreening.................................................................................................................42
10.2.2.
Demography and Other Subject Characteristics.........................................................43
10.2.3.
Prior and Ongoing Therapies......................................................................................43
10.2.4.
Medical History/Disease Specific History..................................................................43
10.2.4.1.
Substance Use.............................................................................................................43
10.2.5.
Urinalysis....................................................................................................................43
10.2.6.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments ...............................................................................43


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10.2.7.
Urine Drug Screen ......................................................................................................43
10.2.8.
Pregnancy Testing ......................................................................................................43
10.2.9.
Virology Screening.....................................................................................................44
10.2.10.
Acclimatization Test...................................................................................................44
10.3.
Pharmacodynamic Assessments.................................................................................44
10.3.1.
Digital Blood Flow Assessments and Cold Challenges .............................................44
10.3.1.1.
Infrared Thermography...............................................................................................45
10.3.1.2.
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging.................................................................................45
10.3.2.
Visual Analogue Scale for Pain..................................................................................45
10.4.
Urine Drug Screen ......................................................................................................45
10.5.
Procedures for Blood Draws.......................................................................................46
10.6.
Pharmacokinetic Assessments....................................................................................46
10.7.
Biomarker Assessments..............................................................................................46
10.7.1.
Future Biomarker Research........................................................................................46
10.8.
Safety Assessments.....................................................................................................47
10.8.1.
Vital Signs ..................................................................................................................47
10.8.2.
Physical Examinations................................................................................................47
10.8.3.
Electrocardiography....................................................................................................48
10.8.4.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments ...............................................................................48
10.8.4.1.
Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, and Coagulation....................................................50
10.8.5.
Adverse Events ...........................................................................................................50
10.8.5.1.
Definitions ..................................................................................................................50
10.8.5.2.
Eliciting, Recording, and Reporting Adverse Events.................................................53
10.8.5.3.
Reporting Serious Adverse Events.............................................................................54
10.8.6.
Pregnancy ...................................................................................................................55
10.9.
Safety-Related Stopping Criteria................................................................................55
10.9.1.
Bleeding Events..........................................................................................................55
10.9.2.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury .........................................................................................55
10.10.
Maximum Blood Volume...........................................................................................55
10.11.
Procedures for Overdose.............................................................................................55
11.
PLANNED STATISTICAL METHODS...................................................................56
11.1.
General Considerations...............................................................................................56
11.2.
Determination of Sample Size....................................................................................56


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11.3.
Analysis Sets...............................................................................................................57
11.4.
Missing Data...............................................................................................................57
11.5.
Efficacy Analyses .......................................................................................................57
11.5.1.
Primary Endpoint........................................................................................................58
11.5.2.
Secondary Endpoints ..................................................................................................58
11.5.3.
Exploratory Endpoints................................................................................................58
11.6.
Testing Strategy..........................................................................................................59
11.7.
Interim Analysis..........................................................................................................59
11.8.
Safety Analyses ..........................................................................................................59
11.8.1.
Safety Endpoints.........................................................................................................59
11.8.2.
Adverse Events ...........................................................................................................59
11.8.2.1.
BARC Bleeding Criteria Assessment.........................................................................60
11.8.3.
Extent of Exposure .....................................................................................................61
11.8.4.
Clinical Laboratory Parameters ..................................................................................61
11.8.5.
Vital Signs ..................................................................................................................61
11.8.6.
Physical Examination .................................................................................................61
11.8.7.
Electrocardiography....................................................................................................61
11.9.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ..........................................................................................61
12.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................61
12.1.
Ethical Conduct of the Study......................................................................................61
12.2.
Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee Approval..................62
12.3.
Informed Consent .......................................................................................................62
12.4.
Confidentiality............................................................................................................62
12.5.
Protocol Compliance ..................................................................................................63
13.
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE .........................................63
13.1.
Training of Study Site Personnel................................................................................63
13.2.
Monitoring..................................................................................................................64
13.3.
Audit ...........................................................................................................................64
14.
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING......................................................64
14.1.
Data Management.......................................................................................................64
14.1.1.
Case Report Forms .....................................................................................................64
14.1.2.
Source Documents......................................................................................................65
14.2.
Study Documentation and Records Retention............................................................65


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14.3.
Clinical Study Report .................................................................................................66
14.4.
Disclosure of Study Results........................................................................................66
15.
RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................66
15.1.
Investigator Responsibilities.......................................................................................66
15.2.
Sponsor Responsibilities.............................................................................................66
16.
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................67
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1:
SCHEDULE OF ASSESSMENTS ....................................................................72
APPENDIX 2:
TREATMENT VISIT FLOW OF ASSESSMENTS .........................................74
APPENDIX 3:
INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE.......................................................................75
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:
Study Treatment(s) .....................................................................................................35
Table 2:
Clinical Laboratory Tests ...........................................................................................49
Table 3:
Analysis Sets...............................................................................................................57
Table 4:
BARC Definitions for Bleeding .................................................................................60
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1:
Schematic Diagram of Study Design..........................................................................26


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Abbreviation
Explanation
β-hCG
beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
ACR
American College of Rheumatology
ADL
activities of daily living
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
ADR
adverse drug reaction
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
APD791
temanogrel
ANOVA
analysis of variance
ARB
angiotensin II receptor blocker
Arena
Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
AUC
area under the curve
BARC
Bleeding Academic Research Consortium
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CCB
calcium channel blocker
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CI
confidence interval
CK
creatine kinase
CKD Epi
Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
CMP
Clinical Monitoring Plan
CRO
contract research organization
CTCAE
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
CYP
cytochrome P450
DAPT
dual antiplatelet therapy
DDD
distal dorsal difference
DOAC
direct oral anti-coagulant
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
ECG
electrocardiogram
EC
European Commission
eCRF
electronic case report form
eDiary
electronic diary


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Abbreviation
Explanation
eGFR
estimated glomerular filtration rate
ERA
endothelin-1 receptor antagonist
EULAR
European League Against Rheumatism
FAS
Full Analysis Set
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
GCP
Good Clinical Practices
5-HT
5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin
IB
Investigator’s Brochure
ICAM-1
intracellular adhesion molecule 1
ICF
informed consent form
ICH
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements 
for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
IEC
Independent Ethics Committee
IND
Investigational New Drug
INR
international normalized ratio
IR
infrared
IRB
Institutional Review Board
IRT
interactive response technology
IUD
intrauterine device
IUS
intrauterine hormone-releasing system
IV
intravenous
Ki
inhibition constant
LAM
lactational amenorrhoea method
LSCI
laser speckle contrast imaging
MATE1
multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter-1
MedDRA
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
mFAS
modified Full Analysis Set
NYHA
New York Heart Association
OCT2
organic cation transporter-2
P2Y12
adenosine diphosphate receptor
PAI-1
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PD
pharmacodynamic
PDE
phosphodiesterase


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Abbreviation
Explanation
PDE5i
phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
PK
pharmacokinetic(s)
POM
proof-of-mechanism
PRO
patient-reported outcome
PRP
platelet-rich plasma
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
pu
perfusion units
QTc
corrected QT interval
QTcB
corrected QT interval using Bazett’s formula
QTcF
corrected QT interval using Fridericia’s formula
RNA
ribonucleic acid
ROI
region of interest
RSI
Reference Safety Information
SAE
serious adverse event
SAP
Statistical Analysis Plan
SD
standard deviation
SE
standard error
SOP
standard operating procedure
SNRI
serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
SSc
systemic sclerosis
SSc-RP
Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
TBL
total bilirubin
TEAE
treatment-emergent adverse event
TMF
Trial Master File
t-PA
tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen
ULN
upper limit of normal
US
United States
VAS
visual analogue scale
VCAM-1
vascular adhesion molecule 1
VEDOSS
Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis


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Abbreviation
Explanation
VEGF
vascular endothelial growth factor
VWF
von Willebrand factor
WOCBP
women of child-bearing potential


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1.
INTRODUCTION
Raynaud’s phenomenon is an exaggerated vascular response to cold temperature or emotional 
stress, which leads to vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow to the extremities (Herrick 2005). 
It can be idiopathic (primary Raynaud’s phenomenon) or associated with other conditions such 
as connective tissue diseases (secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon) (Bakst 2008, Herrick 2017, 
Pauling 2019). Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease resulting in hardening of the 
connective tissue, characterized by vasculopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and excessive 
deposition of extracellular matrix that leads to fibrosis of the skin and internal organs (Varga 
2017). Raynaud’s phenomenon is present in ~95% of patients with SSc and is often an initial 
manifestation of this disease (Herrick 2019, Meier 2012). In both primary and secondary 
Raynaud’s phenomenon, attacks are characterized by skin color changes as a result of ischemia 
(white), followed by deoxygenation (blue), and reperfusion/hyperemia (red), and are usually 
accompanied by substantial numbness and pain (Herrick 2005, Pauling 2019). However, in 
patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc-RP), more severe 
Raynaud’s phenomenon manifestation is commonly observed, with reports of progression to 
digital ulcers or critical ischemia leading to gangrene and amputation in up to 60% of cases 
(Maundrell 2015).
Management of symptoms in primary Raynaud’s phenomenon is usually focused on 
conservative approaches including avoidance of triggering conditions by limiting the exposure of 
extremities to cold conditions, cessation of smoking, and discontinuation of vasoconstrictive 
drugs (Bakst 2008, Herrick 2017). Considering the severity of Raynaud’s phenomenon in SSc 
and subsequent complications, management based on lifestyle modifications is often insufficient 
for these patients and pharmacological treatment is typically initiated (Bakst 2008, Herrick 2017, 
Herrick 2019, Pauling 2019). There are, however, no currently approved treatments that reduce 
the frequency, duration, or severity of Raynaud’s attacks in SSc-RP, and physicians are guided 
based on the limited evidence from agents approved in other indications. Recommended 
treatment options include vasodilating agents such as calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 
phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and topical 
nitrates; in more severe cases intravenous (IV) prostanoids or endothelin-1 receptor antagonists 
(ERAs) can be used (Herrick 2017, Herrick 2019, Linnemann 2016, Pauling 2019). The limited 
available evidence for most of these agents, particularly those often initiated early in the 
treatment of SSc-RP, suggests modest efficacy in SSc-RP (Herrick 2017, Linnemann 2016). 
Furthermore, CCBs and nitrates, often initiated early in treatment, increase the risk for 
hypotension, and IV prostanoids and ERAs, usually initiated in more advanced stages, often 
require more stringent monitoring owing to a more serious adverse effect profile (Linnemann 
2016). Thus, there is an unmet need for an agent with demonstrated efficacy and acceptable 
safety profile that can be used early in treatment of SSc-RP.
Study APD791-204 is a Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 
crossover study to assess the effect of oral temanogrel on digital blood flow in subjects with 
SSc-RP. The study will be conducted in compliance with ICH guidelines for GCP and applicable 
regulatory requirements, the study protocol, and where applicable, Sponsor and/or contract 
research organization (CRO) standard operating procedures (SOPs).


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1.1.
Background
Temanogrel (APD791) is a chemical entity being developed by Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 
(Arena) for the treatment of SSc-RP. As a potent inverse agonist of the serotonin (5-HT)2A
receptor, temanogrel inhibits 5-HT-mediated amplification of platelet aggregation and blocks
5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction through its action at 5-HT2A receptors on the surface of platelets 
and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Temanogrel has a high binding affinity for the human 
5-HT2A receptor 
 and minimal affinity for 5-HT2B
 receptors, with no significant binding to any of 
the tested common receptors and transporters.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A complete summary of the nonclinical data relevant to the investigational product and its study 
in human subjects is provided in the current edition of the Investigator’s Brochure (IB).
1.1.1.
Clinical Experience
The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orally 
administered temanogrel and its primary metabolites AR295980 and AR295981 have been 
evaluated in 4 completed Phase 1 studies in healthy adult human subjects, 2 in the US and 2 in 
South Korea. The US studies evaluated safety, tolerability, PK, and PD effects of single and 
repeated doses of oral temanogrel. The 2 studies conducted in South Korea evaluated safety, 
tolerability, PK, and PD effects of single and repeated doses of temanogrel alone and 
co-administered with aspirin and clopidogrel (dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT]).
Intravenously administered temanogrel has been evaluated in 1 Phase 1 clinical study in healthy 
adult human subjects. The study evaluated safety, tolerability, PK, and PD of temanogrel and its 
primary metabolites AR295980 and AR295981 after administration of single IV doses.
A complete summary of the clinical data relevant to the investigational product and its study in 
human subjects is provided in the current edition of the IB.
1.2.
Benefit-Risk Considerations
As of the date of this protocol, the safety, tolerability, PK, and PD of temanogrel have been 
assessed in 5 Phase 1 studies in healthy subjects. Single and repeated doses of oral temanogrel 
were evaluated in 4 studies, and single IV doses of temanogrel were evaluated in a separate
study. In completed clinical studies, temanogrel was well-tolerated and there were no safety 
concerns associated with doses planned to be used in this study. In completed clinical studies, 
CCI
CCI
CCI


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doses of temanogrel planned to be used in this study were well-tolerated and there were no 
associated safety concerns. In healthy volunteers who received single oral doses of temanogrel, 
the most common side effects were dizziness and headache, and less commonly tiredness, back 
pain, skin rash, and nausea. The most common adverse events in subjects treated with single 
doses of IV temanogrel were mild pain and redness at the treatment administration site.
Subjects are not expected to receive any significant health benefit from participating in the study 
beyond that of an assessment of their medical status. However, assessments included in this 
study may afford additional insight into the individual disease pathophysiology. Findings from 
this study may also offer valuable insight into a new therapeutic approach for treatment of 
SSc-RP.
Antiplatelet agents, such as temanogrel, can be associated with increased bleeding risk 
(Wallentin 2009, Wiviott 2007, Yusuf 2001). Platelet aggregation is primarily triggered by 
factors such as ADP, thrombin, collagen, or damaged endothelium (Saini 2004, Vikenes 1999), 
while 5-HT mediates amplification of platelet aggregation induced by these factors via activation 
of the 5-HT2A receptors present on the surface of platelets. Considering that temanogrel does not 
inhibit primary platelet aggregation pathways but instead attenuates the amplification of platelet 
aggregation mediated by 5-HT, the associated bleeding risk is expected to be significantly lower 
compared to standard antiplatelet agents. Completed clinical studies include the assessment of IV 
temanogrel alone and oral temanogrel administered alone or co-administered with DAPT
consisting of aspirin and clopidogrel. When oral temanogrel was given to healthy subjects as 
single dose alone (up to 320 mg), there were no observed bleeding events. Two cases of 
nosebleed occurred with the highest evaluated dose of oral temanogrel alone (total daily dose 
240 mg) following multiple days of dosing. In the studies where single doses of oral temanogrel 
were co-administered with DAPT, there was an increase in mild bleeding-related events 
(primarily bruising at the site of blood draw and red spots on the skin). Mild bleeding events 
were also observed with lower multiple doses of oral temanogrel co-administered with DAPT; 
however, the bleeding risk was generally similar in the placebo and temanogrel treatment groups.
Bleeding-related side effects seen in healthy subjects who received single doses of IV
temanogrel alone up to 40 mg were mild bruising at the site of blood vessel puncture, and 2 of
the 47 participants (including a participant treated with placebo) experienced nosebleed. The 
risks of participation are primarily those associated with adverse reactions to the study 
treatments, although there may also be some discomfort from collection of blood samples and 
other study procedures such as conducting the hand cold challenges. Further description of 
identified risks, any potential risks, and the reference safety information for temanogrel are 
provided in the current edition of the IB.


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2.
OBJECTIVES
Primary Objective

To assess the effect of temanogrel on digital blood flow following a cold challenge in 
subjects with SSc-RP
Secondary Objectives

To assess the effect of temanogrel on additional measures related to digital blood 
flow at room temperature and following a cold challenge in subjects with SSc-RP

To assess the safety and tolerability of temanogrel in subjects with SSc-RP
Exploratory Objectives

To explore relationships between select PD endpoints and the concentration of 
temanogrel/active metabolites and/or select biomarkers

To assess pain following a cold challenge in subjects with SSc-RP


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3.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study assessing the 
effect of oral temanogrel on digital blood flow in subjects with SSc-RP. The study will be 
conducted in 2 stages (Stage A and Stage B). Separate cohorts of subjects will participate in each 
stage. Subjects who participate in Stage A may not participate in Stage B. A study schematic is 
provided in Figure 1.
In Stage A, subjects will be equally randomized in a double-blind manner to a 3-period crossover 
treatment sequence. The Screening Period will last for up to 28 days prior to Day 1 (Treatment 
Visit 1). Each subject will participate in 3 Treatment Visits, which will each be separated by a 
Washout Period of at least 72 hours and up to approximately 7 days between study treatment 
administrations. During each Treatment Visit, subjects will receive a single dose of study 
treatment (placebo, 60 mg temanogrel, or 120 mg temanogrel) according to their crossover 
treatment sequence assignment.
On Day 1, subjects will be admitted to the clinic for Treatment Visit 1. After Check-in 
assessments including blood sampling for clinical laboratory assessments, PK, and biomarkers,
subjects will acclimatize for at least 20 minutes in a temperature-controlled room (23 [± 1]°C)
followed by Predose digital blood flow assessments for 5 minutes at room temperature based on 
simultaneous collection of temperature and perfusion data using infrared (IR) thermography and 
laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), respectively. After study treatment administration, 
subjects will undergo re-acclimatization for at least 20 minutes, followed by Postdose 
assessments. Postdose assessments will start 45 (± 5) minutes after dosing with digital blood 
flow assessments performed once again for 5 minutes at room temperature. A cold challenge will 
then be conducted by immersing the hands in a temperature-controlled water bath (15 [± 1]°C) 
for 1 minute, followed by post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessments that will start 
30 (± 10) seconds after the end of the cold challenge and last for 30 minutes. Blood samples for 
clinical laboratory assessments, PK, and biomarkers will be collected again after post-cold 
challenge digital blood flow assessments are complete. Subjects will be discharged from the 
study unit once all planned Postdose assessments have been completed. For Treatment Visit 2 
and Treatment Visit 3, subjects will return to the clinic at approximately the same time of the day 
as for Treatment Visit 1 (between 0800 and 1200 hours) and will undergo the same assessments 
as for Treatment Visit 1. A schematic of Treatment Day assessments and procedures is provided 
in Appendix 2. Refer to the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1) for additional details on 
study assessments and procedures. A Follow-Up Visit will occur 4 (± 1) days after 
administration of final study treatment for a total study duration of 10 to 47 days.
Following the double-blinded conduct of Stage A, the Sponsor will conduct an unblinded 
evaluation of the efficacy and safety results prior to proceeding to Stage B. In Stage B, 2 single 
doses of temanogrel (doses to be determined after review of Stage A data, but not exceeding 
240 mg) and placebo are planned to be evaluated with a study design identical to Stage A.


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3.1.
Overall Design
A schematic diagram of the study design is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1:
Schematic Diagram of Study Design
The study schematic is identical for Stage A and Stage B. In both stages, subjects will be equally randomized in a double-blind 
manner to a 3-period crossover treatment sequence. Separate cohorts of subjects will participate in each stage. In Stage A 
subjects will be treated with 60 mg temanogrel, 120 mg temanogrel, and placebo. Doses in Stage B will be determined based on 
the results of Stage A. Approximately 24 subjects are planned to be enrolled in Stage A. The number of subjects planned to be 
enrolled in Stage B is approximately 24; however, sample size may be adjusted based on the results of Stage A.
3.2.
Discussion and Scientific Rationale for Study Design
3.2.1.
Scientific Rationale for Temanogrel in SSc-RP
The purpose of this Phase 2 proof-of-mechanism (POM) study is to assess the effect of oral 
temanogrel on digital blood flow in subjects with SSc-RP. Temanogrel is a potent inverse 
agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor that inhibits 5-HT-mediated amplification of platelet aggregation 
and blocks 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction through its action on 5-HT2A receptors at the surface 
of platelets and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Based on its mode of action, temanogrel is 
expected to improve microvascular digital blood flow and provide benefit to SSc patients at risk 
of Raynaud’s attacks.
Raynaud’s phenomenon in SSc is associated with more severe disease manifestation owing to a 
complex underlying pathophysiology, including vasculopathy and endothelial dysfunction
(Herrick 2019, Pauling 2019), which detrimentally affect the microcirculation (Abraham 2007, 
Trojanowska 2010). Intravascular factors, including platelet activation and 5-HT release, likely 
also contribute to SSc-RP (Bakst 2008, Herrick 2005, Ntelis 2019, Postlethwaite 2007). 
Evidence suggests an important role of the 5-HT2A pathway in platelets and smooth muscle cells, 
resulting in dual mechanism-of-action (amplification of platelet aggregation and 
vasoconstriction) by which 5-HT potentially impacts the pathophysiology of Raynaud’s 
phenomenon in SSc. Raynaud’s phenomenon in SSc is commonly triggered by cold temperature, 
which is known to enhance activation of platelets (Faraday 1998, Maurer-Spurej 2001). In 
addition, platelets from SSc patients have an increased aggregation response to collagen or 5-HT 
compared to platelets from healthy individuals (Friedhoff 1984, Goodfield 1988), suggesting 
hypersensitivity of platelets in patients with SSc may contribute to the elevated levels of 5-HT 
observed in patients with SSc-RP (Biondi 1988). It has been reported that 5-HT induces arterial 
vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow in human hands to a similar extent as observed with 
exposure to cold, and 5-HT2A blockade attenuates the 5-HT-induced effects (Arneklo-Nobin 
1985, Coffman 1988). In addition, enhanced vasoconstriction response to 5-HT has been 
observed in SSc patients compared to healthy individuals (Winkelmann 1976).


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Importantly, the relevance of 5-HT and the 5-HT2A pathway in SSc-RP has been validated in 
clinical studies evaluating the effects of 5-HT2A antagonism using ketanserin and sarpogrelate,
which have shown benefits on both digital blood flow and improvement of Raynaud’s symptoms 
(Baart de la Faille 1986, Coffman 1989, Dormandy 1988, Igarashi 2000, Kato 2000, Klimiuk 
1989, Kunnen 1988, Lukac 1985, Marasini 1990, Meloni 1987, Roald 1984, Seibold 1984, 
Stranden 1982, Tatnall 1985, Tooke 1990, Yoshimasu 2012).
3.2.2.
Study Population
The study population consisting of subjects with SSc-RP was chosen as representative of the 
target population. However, subjects with active (or recurrent) skin ulcerations were excluded to 
avoid the additional burden associated with performing cold challenges, as well as potentially
confounding the blood flow assessments. Subjects with advanced multiorgan disease, in 
particular gastrointestinal dysfunction, have been excluded due to the potential for delayed
and/or poor absorption of temanogrel. Although embryo-fetal development studies have not been 
completed for the temanogrel program, women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) will be 
included in the study population. Considering SSc occurs in women approximately 5 to 10 times 
more frequently than in men (Bergamasco 2019, Lo Monaco 2011), it would be difficult to 
effectively meet study objectives and perform a representative assessment without the inclusion 
of WOCBP in this population. In accordance with FDA Guidance for Industry, M3(R2) 
Nonclinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Human Clinical Trials and Marketing 
Authorization for Pharmaceuticals (FDA 2010), inclusion of WOCBP is acceptable because the 
study is of short treatment duration (less than 2 weeks). In addition, participants who are of 
child-bearing potential will practice effective control of pregnancy risk and will undergo urine 
pregnancy testing prior to treatment administration on each Treatment Visit day and a home 
urine pregnancy test will be administered as part of the final Follow-Up Visit. Serum pregnancy 
testing will be performed prior to study enrollment and at each Treatment Visit. 
3.2.3.
Study Design and Methodology
This study has been designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study 
to reduce patient selection and assessment bias, and account for placebo effect and inter-subject 
differences in digital blood flow. Non-invasive assessment of the effect on digital blood flow 
following a single dose of study treatment was chosen as the primary objective for this POM 
study to ensure a reliable and objective initial evaluation of pharmacodynamic effects in the 
setting of SSc-RP (Wilkinson 2018). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) designed to evaluate the 
frequency, duration, and severity of Raynaud’s attacks, commonly used to evaluate real-world 
efficacy of pharmacotherapies in this setting, have not been included as primary efficacy 
assessment in this study due to short treatment duration.
Exposure to cold challenge was incorporated in the study design to allow for a dynamic 
assessment of digital blood flow under conditions similar to a common physiological trigger 
responsible for Raynaud’s attacks in SSc (Pauling 2012). Digital blood flow will be assessed
each Treatment Visit at Predose for 5 minutes at room temperature, and at Postdose prior to cold 
challenge for 5 minutes at room temperature and for 30 minutes following a cold challenge. 
Washout Periods between Treatment Visits are defined as a minimum of 72 hours, which is a 
sufficient period to ensure elimination of temanogrel, and up to approximately 7 days, to 
accommodate feasibility of multiple study visits for the study participants. Biomarkers related to 


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the mechanism of action of temanogrel (plasma serotonin concentration) as well as vascular
injury and endothelial dysfunction will be evaluated to explore their relationship with digital 
blood flow and the PD effects of temanogrel, in order to provide additional mechanistic insights.
Assessments of digital blood flow will be performed using state-of-the-art noninvasive methods 
(ie, IR thermography and LSCI). IR thermography is an indirect method for evaluation of blood 
flow based on imaging skin temperature, while LSCI is based on differences in the speckle 
pattern (occurring when laser light illuminates a tissue) due to movement of blood cells (Ruaro 
2019). While both mechanisms provide real-time dynamic assessment of perfusion, LSCI 
potentially allows for increased spatial and temporal resolution compared to IR thermography 
(Pauling 2015) but it is also more technically challenging due to its sensitivity to 
movement/vibrations and lighting (Wilkinson 2018). Imaging software for IR thermography and 
LSCI provide quantitative measures of blood flow within predefined regions of interest (ROIs) 
as mean temperature (°C) and arbitrary perfusion units (pu), respectively. Although based on 
different principles, LSCI and IR thermography have been demonstrated to have a comparable 
high test-retest reliability as well as a high latent correlation when measuring the 
rewarming/reperfusion area under the curve (AUC) following a cold challenge (Wilkinson 
2018). These methods can be performed simultaneously and have been chosen to offer 
complementary results. These results will inform the further development of temanogrel for the 
treatment of SSc-RP, including appropriate selection of temanogrel dose(s) for evaluation of the 
effect on symptoms associated with Raynaud’s attacks (ie, frequency, duration, severity).
3.2.4.
Rationale for Dose Selection
Temanogrel doses selected for evaluation in Stage A are 60 mg and 120 mg, each administered 
as single oral dose. The 60 mg dose was chosen because the plasma concentrations anticipated to 
be achieved have exhibited near-maximal inhibition of 5-HT-mediated amplification of platelet 
aggregation, based on results from Study APD791-001 (Roupe 2008) and Study APD791-002
(Roupe 2009), and have demonstrated anti-vasoconstriction effects, based on data with 
ketanserin (a 5-HT2A antagonist with similar affinity and potency at the 5-HT2A receptor) in 
which concentrations of ~150 to 200 nM were associated with increased blood flow in SSc-RP
patients (Klimiuk 1989) and anti-vasoconstrictive effects in the coronary microcirculation 
(Golino 1994). Temanogrel 120 mg was chosen as the second dose in Stage A to evaluate the 
dose-response of temanogrel in this study. Both doses are well below the highest tested single 
oral dose of temanogrel (320 mg), which demonstrated no tolerability or safety concerns in 
Study APD791-001. Choosing a range of doses to be tested in Stage A of this study will facilitate 
the evaluation of the dose response and selection of doses to potentially be tested in Stage B of 
the study. Dose selection in Stage B will be limited to doses that are not anticipated to exceed 
previously observed Cmax values obtained from single oral dosing of temanogrel (ie, maximum 
concentration of 1610 ng/mL).
Doses in Stage B are not planned to exceed 240 mg, which is 25% lower than the highest tested 
single dose of oral temanogrel (320 mg) and demonstrated no tolerability or safety concerns in 
Study APD791-001.


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4.
STUDY POPULATION
4.1.
Inclusion Criteria
Subjects must meet ALL of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the 
study:
1. Raynaud’s phenomenon (defined as a history of digital cold sensitivity associated with 
color changes of cyanosis and pallor, with on average at least 5 attacks per week during 
the winter period) secondary to SSc based on either:
a.
Diagnosis of SSc (using the American College of Rheumatology/European 
League Against Rheumatism [ACR/EULAR 2013] and/or LeRoy and Medsger 
classification) (LeRoy 2001, van den Hoogen 2013)
b. Diagnosis of very early SSc (using the Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic 
Sclerosis [VEDOSS] criteria) (Avouac 2011)
2. 18 to 75 years of age, inclusive 
3. Females must meet a and c or b and males must meet d to qualify for the study:
a.
Female and not pregnant or breastfeeding
b. Female and not of child-bearing potential by one of the following:

Postmenopausal, defined as no menses for 12 months without an alternative 
medical cause

Permanent sterilization procedure, such as hysterectomy, bilateral 
salpingectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy
c.
Female of child-bearing potential and using a highly effective contraception 
method during treatment and for 30 days following treatment that can achieve a 
failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly. The 
following methods are considered highly effective birth control methods:

Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception 
associated with inhibition of ovulation, which may be oral, intravaginal, or 
transdermal

Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of 
ovulation, which may be oral, injected, or implanted

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS)

Bilateral tubal occlusion

Vasectomized partner

Sexual abstinence (complete sexual abstinence defined as refraining from 
heterosexual intercourse for the entire period of risk associated with study 
treatments). The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in 
relation to the duration of the clinical study and the preferred and usual 


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lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (calendar, symptothermal, 
post-ovulation methods), withdrawal (coitus interruptus), spermicides only, 
and lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM) are not acceptable methods of 
contraception.
d. Males with pregnant or non-pregnant female partners of child-bearing potential 
agree to using a condom during treatment and for 90 days following treatment
4. Body mass index 18.0 to 40.0 kg/m2, inclusive
5. Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent
4.2.
Exclusion Criteria
Subjects who meet ANY of the following exclusion criteria will not be eligible for enrollment 
into the study:
1. Active digital ulcer(s), recent history (within 3 months of Screening) of digital ulcers, or 
history of recurrent digital ulcerations that in the opinion of the Investigator increase the 
likelihood of developing a digital ulcer during the course of the study. Any history of 
gangrene, amputations, or other critical digital ischemic event.
2. Presence of severe contractures (advanced fixed flexion) of the digits, which in the 
opinion of the Investigator could prevent accurate assessment of digital perfusion of the 
dorsal fingers
3. Raynaud’s phenomenon due to any cause other than SSc (eg, peripheral or central 
vasculopathy other than SSc, past exposure to vasculopathic agents, past frostbite injury)
4. Severe gastrointestinal complications related to SSc that in the opinion of the Investigator 
could significantly affect study drug absorption
5. History of gastrointestinal bleeding or active gastric or duodenal ulcers
6. Subject’s digits do not reach a temperature of ≥27°C after 20 minutes of acclimatization 
at room temperature (23 [± 1]°C) at Screening
7. Any change in dosage of the following medications within 30 days of Day 1 or planned 
change in dosage during study participation: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 
phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), alpha-blockers, or angiotensin II receptor 
blockers (ARBs). 
8. Use of nitrates within 30 days of Day 1
9. Use of endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (ERAs) and therapies targeting the prostacyclin 
receptor within 3 months of Day 1
10. Local treatment (of digits) with botulinum toxin within 30 days of Day 1
11. Surgical sympathectomy of digit within 3 months of Day 1
12. Use of vasoconstrictive drugs (eg, ergot derivatives, triptans) within 7 days of Day 1
13. Use of antiplatelet therapy with the exception of aspirin (eg, adenosine diphosphate 
receptor [P2Y12] inhibitors, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors), or anti-coagulants (eg, 


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warfarin or direct oral anti-coagulants [DOACs], including oral thrombin inhibitors) 
within 7 days of Day 1
14. Use of any medications affecting the serotonin system (eg, selective serotonin reuptake 
inhibitors [SSRI], serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs], atypical 
[second generation] antipsychotics possessing 5-HT2A pharmacology, or any other 
serotonergic agents possessing 5-HT2A pharmacology [eg, naftidrofuryl and the 
triazolopyridine antidepressant trazodone]) within 14 days of Day 1
15. Use of prescription medications/products or herbal preparations that are strong inhibitors 
or inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 or are strong inhibitors of P-glycoprotein 
within 14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, whichever is longer.
See Section 5.4 Restricted Medications for details.
16. Use of prescription medications/products that are strong inhibitors of multidrug and toxin 
extrusion transporter-1 (MATE1) or organic cation transporter-2 (OCT2) within 14 days 
of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, whichever is longer. See Section 5.4
Restricted Medications for details. 
17. Use of prescription medications/products that are sensitive or moderately sensitive 
substrates of CYP2C8 within 14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, 
whichever is longer. See Section 5.4 Restricted Medications for details. 
18. Use of prescription medications/products that are sensitive substrates of CYP3A4/5 
within 14 days of Day 1 or 5 half-lives of the medication/product, whichever is longer.
Exceptions are PDE5i (allowed per Exclusion Criterion #7) and atorvastatin. See 
Section 5.4 Restricted Medications for details. 
19. Consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice within 3 days of Check-in
20. Diabetes mellitus diagnosed more than 5 years ago or with known history of end-organ 
damage (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy)
21. History of advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class 3 or 4) or 
myocardial infarction within 1 month prior to Screening. 
22. Any history of stroke, seizure disorder, intracranial bleeding, or intracranial aneurysm;
significant head injury requiring hospital assessment within 30 days prior to Screening
23. Transient ischemic attack within the 6 months prior to Screening
24. History of major trauma, major surgery, and/or clinically significant hemorrhage within 
the 6 months prior to Screening
25. Active hepatitis C
26. At the discretion of the Investigator, any history or clinical manifestation of any 
endocrine, allergic, dermatological, hepatic, renal, hematological, pulmonary, 
gastrointestinal, neurological, or psychiatric disorder, or any malignancy treated within 
1 year of Screening (with the exception of basal cell carcinoma of skin which is not 
advanced) that would prevent the individual from participating in the study due to risk to 
the scientific validity of study assessments or to personal well being


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27. Any abnormal clinical chemistry, hematology, electrocardiogram (ECG), urinalysis, or 
physical finding at Screening that in the opinion of the Investigator is deemed clinically 
significant and that would prevent the individual from participating in the study due to 
risk to the scientific validity of study assessments or to the patient’s personal well being
28. Hepatic dysfunction (history of cirrhosis with diagnosed portal hypertension, or alanine 
aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] > 3 × upper limit of normal 
[ULN]) at Screening
29. Clinically significant renal insufficiency (ie, serum creatinine > 2.5 mg/dL or estimated 
glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2; calculated using the Chronic 
Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD Epi] equation) at Screening 
30. Impaired hemostasis (eg, thrombocytopenia [platelet count < 100,000/μL] at Screening; 
abnormal coagulation test defined as prothrombin time [PT] or partial thromboplastin 
time [PTT] > 1.5 × ULN, or international normalized ratio [INR] > 2 at Screening); past 
or present bleeding disorder, sickle cell or other platelet disorders, or carcinoid disorder)
31. Any surgeries or interventional procedures planned or anticipated during study 
participation
32. Positive urine test for amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana, 
methadone, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, opiate, oxycodone, or 
phencyclidine. Exception is a test that is positive due to a prescription drug or 
medication. 
33. Known history of alcohol or substance use disorder that is considered clinically 
significant per the judgement of the Investigator and that would represent risk to the 
scientific validity of study assessments or the patient’s well being
34. Use of tobacco or nicotine-containing products (including but not limited to cigarettes, 
e-cigarettes, pipes, cigars, chewing tobacco, nicotine patches, nicotine lozenges, or 
nicotine gum) for at least 90 days prior to Screening
35. Previous participation in a study with temanogrel
36. Subjects who have received any investigational device or investigational drug within 
30 days of Day 1, or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever is greater) prior to 
Screening
37. Hypersensitivity to temanogrel or placebo compounds
38. Inability to swallow capsules as required per the protocol
39. In the opinion of the Investigator, subject is not a candidate for blood sampling as 
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5.
SUBJECT RESTRICTIONS
5.1.
Meals and Dietary Restrictions
Subjects must not consume grapefruit or grapefruit juice within 3 days of each Treatment Visit
as described in Section 4.2 and through the completion of scheduled blood draws.
Subjects will be instructed to consume a breakfast of approximately 400 to 500 calories at least 
2 hours prior to Check-in on Treatment Visit days. The breakfast should have a fat content of 
less than 25% (11 to 14 g). Examples of this type of breakfast may include 8 oz of 2% milk, 
1 boiled egg, a large orange, and 1 packet of instant oatmeal/porridge made with water
(containing approximately 415 calories and 10 g of fat) or two slices of toast, 2 tablespoons of 
marmalade, 1 tablespoon of butter, and 8 oz of orange juice (approximately 450 calories and 12 g 
of fat). However, a breakfast with similar fat content and total calories can be consumed. After 
breakfast, subjects should refrain from eating or drinking for at least 1.5 hours before or after 
dosing. On each Treatment Visit at Check-in, all subjects will be asked if dietary restrictions 
were adhered to, and their response will be noted in the source and electronic case report for 
(eCRF).
Subjects will be advised to avoid consuming alcohol, caffeine, and food high in indoles (eg, 
avocado, banana, tomato, plum, walnut, pineapple, and eggplant [aubergine]) for a minimum of 
24 hours, and ideally 3 days, prior to each Treatment Visit and through the completion of 
scheduled blood draws to increase the accuracy of serotonin concentration assessments. On each 
Treatment Visit at Check-in, all subjects will be asked if they consumed alcohol, caffeine, or
foods high in indoles, in the preceding 24 hours and/or 3 days and their response should be 
documented. If alcohol, caffeine, or foods high in indoles were consumed in the preceding 
24 hours and/or 3 days, it should be noted in the eCRF. Blood samples for serotonin 
concentration assessment will be taken for all subjects, even if dietary restrictions are not 
adhered to.
5.2.
Activity Restrictions
Subjects will be instructed to refrain from vigorous exercise for at least 4 hours prior to the start 
of digital blood flow assessments at each Treatment Visit. On each Treatment Visit at Check-in, 
all subjects will be asked if activity restrictions were adhered to, and their response will be noted 
in the source and eCRF. 
Subjects will be instructed to stay indoors for the duration of each Treatment Visit.
5.3.
Clothing Restrictions
Subjects will be instructed to wear light clothing that exposes the forearms and hands, and to 
remove jewelry, nail polish, and/or nail coverings from the hands-on Treatment Visit days.
5.4.
Restricted Medications
Subjects are to follow the medication restrictions outlined in the inclusion (Section 4.1) and 
exclusion (Section 4.2) criteria throughout study participation (until the Follow-Up Visit). 
Additional details regarding prohibited drugs will be provided in a separate Prohibited 
Medications list.


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The following are restricted medications:

Change in dosage of CCBs, PDE5i, alpha-blockers, or ARBs

Antiplatelet therapy with the exception of aspirin (eg, P2Y12 inhibitors, 
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors), or anti-coagulants (eg, warfarin or DOACs, 
including oral thrombin inhibitors)

Nitrates

ERAs and therapies targeting the prostacyclin receptor

Vasoconstrictive drugs (eg, ergot derivatives, triptans)

SSRIs, SNRIs, atypical (second generation) antipsychotics possessing 5-HT2A
pharmacology, or any other serotonergic agents possessing 5-HT2A pharmacology 
(eg, naftidrofuryl and the triazolopyridine antidepressant trazodone)

Local treatment (of digits) with botulinum toxin

Strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein (details provided in a 
separate Prohibited Medications list)

Strong inhibitors of MATE1 or OCT2 (details provided in a separate Prohibited 
Medications list)

Sensitive or moderately sensitive substrates of CYP2C8 (details provided in a 
separate Prohibited Medications list)

Sensitive substrates of CYP3A4/5. Exceptions are PDE5i (allowed per Exclusion 
Criterion #7) and atorvastatin (details provided in a separate Prohibited Medications 
list)
If such medications are required, consider switching to another medication in the class that is not 
restricted, or refrain from dosing during Treatment Visit days. If a restricted medication is 
required, seek approval of the Medical Monitor and use with caution per approved product label. 
5.5.
Additional Restrictions
Tobacco or nicotine-containing products are prohibited for at least the 90 days prior to Screening
as outlined in the exclusion criterion (Section 4.2) throughout study participation (until the 
Follow-Up Visit). 
Subjects must refrain from the use of drugs of abuse listed in Table 2 for the duration of study 
participation. Prescription drugs and medications are allowed.
6.
STUDY TREATMENT
6.1.
Study Treatment(s) Administered
Study treatments in this study include the investigational medicinal product, defined as a 
pharmaceutical form of the active substance being tested (temanogrel) and the placebo being 
used as a reference (reference therapy). Study treatments are listed in Table 1.


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Table 1:
Study Treatment(s)
Study Treatment
Strength
Mode of Administration
Frequency
Formulation
Temanogrel
20 mg
Oral
Once per Treatment Visit
Capsule
Placebo
Not applicable
Oral
Once per Treatment Visit
Capsule
6.2.
Identity of Study Treatments
6.2.1.
Temanogrel
The oral formulation of temanogrel contains 20 mg of active pharmaceutical ingredient in a 
Swedish orange hard-gelatin capsule.
6.2.2.
Placebo
Placebo will contain microcrystalline cellulose in a Swedish orange hard-gelatin capsule. Visual 
appearance and mode of administration of placebo will match that of the temanogrel drug 
product to maintain the blind.
6.3.
Dosage and Administration
All enrolled subjects will receive a single oral dose of study treatment at each Treatment Visit, 
for a total of 3 doses of study treatment. Each subject will receive a single administration of each 
dose strength. Temanogrel doses to be administered in Stage A will be 60 mg (3 temanogrel 
capsules and 3 placebo capsules) or 120 mg (6 temanogrel capsules). Placebo doses will be 
administered as 6 placebo capsules. Selection of doses for Stage B will be based on the results 
from Stage A. Refer to Section 6.4 for further details related to treatment assignment.
Study treatment will be administered in a blinded fashion to the subjects. Study treatment 
administration will be performed by the Investigator or a qualified designee (eg, nurse). Study 
treatment will be administered orally with water (a maximum of 250 mL should be targeted; 
however, additional water may be ingested if required to administer the full dose of medication). 
A mouth check will be performed by the qualified designee to ensure that the subject has
swallowed the study treatment. The date and exact clock time of each dosing will be recorded.
Study treatment requirements, dispensation, administration, destruction, and study staff roles will 
be further defined in a pharmacy manual.
6.3.1.
Instructions for Missed Dose(s)
Subjects will be administered a single dose of study treatment at each Treatment Visit under the 
supervision of qualified study personnel. No missed doses are expected. Any deviation from 
expected dosing must be documented in the eCRF.
6.3.2.
Dose Interruptions
Subjects will be administered a single dose of study treatment at each Treatment Visit. 
Therefore, there will not be any dose interruptions.


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6.4.
Method of Assigning Subjects to Treatment
Each subject will be assigned a unique identification number upon Screening. Eligible subjects 
will be centrally randomized into the study using an interactive response technology (IRT) 
system. Subjects who complete the study Screening assessments and meet all the eligibility 
criteria will be equally randomized (1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio) to 1 of 6 crossover treatment sequences (ie, 
ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA; where A = the higher dose of temanogrel, B = the lower 
dose of temanogrel, and C = placebo). In each stage, 4 subjects are planned to be randomized to 
each treatment sequence. Subjects will receive the corresponding study treatment at each 
Treatment Visit according to their crossover treatment sequence assignment.
Subject identification numbers will be 12 characters in length, including dashes, 
204-CCSS-XXX. The first 3 digits represent the study number, the 4 digits following the first 
dash represent the combination of country code (CC) and the site number (SS), and the last 
3 digits represent the subject number (XXX). Subject numbers will be assigned strictly 
sequentially at every site as subjects become eligible for enrollment, starting from 001. If a 
subject withdraws their participation in the study, then their unique subject number cannot be 
reused. 
Subjects who discontinue from the study may be replaced at the discretion of the Sponsor. A 
replacement subject will be allocated to the same treatment sequence as the replaced subject.
6.5.
Selection and Timing of Dose for Each Subject
Subjects will receive a single dose of study treatment at each Treatment Visit (with water, 
without food) based on their crossover treatment sequence assignment. Dosing should occur at 
approximately the same time of day at each Treatment Visit.
6.6.
Blinding
The Investigator, subjects, and personnel directly involved with the conduct of the study will be 
blinded to the identity of study treatment and all randomization assignments during the conduct 
of each study stage. Individuals who are unblinded (eg, representatives from the bioanalytical lab
responsible for analyzing PK samples, representatives from the Sponsor responsible for drug 
supply, and representatives from the Sponsor’s safety team responsible for regulatory reporting 
and not involved in the assessment of adverse events) will not be involved in the management of 
the study and will not have access to other subject data beyond what is needed to perform their 
assigned function. The identity of specific treatments is not to be disclosed to subjects or to any 
other study personnel during conduct of each study stage. At the end of Stage A, an unblinded 
review of the data will be conducted by the Sponsor.
Treatment assignments should remain blinded unless that knowledge is necessary to determine 
subject emergency medical care. In case of an emergency, the Investigator has the sole 
responsibility for determining if unblinding of a subject’s treatment assignment is warranted to 
provide appropriate medical care. Subject safety must always be the first consideration in making 
such a determination. The IRT is programmed with blind-breaking instructions to guide the 
Investigator on how to obtain treatment assignment in the event of an emergency unblinding. If a 
subject’s treatment assignment is unblinded, the Sponsor must be notified within 24 hours after 


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breaking the blind. The date and reason the blind was broken must be recorded in the source 
documentation and eCRF, as applicable.
6.7.
Treatment Compliance
Study treatment administration will be performed in a controlled environment by trained, 
qualified personnel designated by the Investigator. The date and start/end time of study treatment 
administration will be documented. Any changes in study treatment procedures will be 
documented as a protocol deviation.
6.8.
Concomitant Therapy
Any medication (including over the counter or prescription medicines, vitamins, and/or herbal 
supplements) or vaccine that a subject receives from 30 days prior to Screening through the 
Follow-Up Visit must be recorded along with:

Reason for use

Dates of administration including start and end dates

Dosage information including dose and frequency
Investigators should carefully evaluate local prescribing information of concomitant therapy for 
interactions described in Section 5.4. The Medical Monitor should be contacted if there are any 
questions regarding concomitant therapy.
6.8.1.
Required Concomitant Therapy
None
6.8.2.
Allowed Concomitant Therapy
Medications deemed by the Investigator to be appropriate and unlikely to interfere with the 
scientific validity of the study or personal well being of the subject, and which are not prohibited 
as indicated in inclusion and exclusion criteria and/or in Section 5, are permitted.
Concomitant medications, including any prescription or over-the-counter therapeutics, natural 
products, and vitamins, should not be changed (including the type of medication and its dosage)
during Screening or at any time during the study, unless medically necessary; such changes will 
be captured in the eCRF.
7.
STUDY TREATMENT MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
7.1.
Packaging and Labeling
Study treatment will be provided in induction-sealed, high-density polyethylene bottles with 
child-resistant screw caps. Each bottle will be labeled as required per country requirement.


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7.2.
Storage and Handling
Study treatment must be stored in an appropriate, restricted-access, secure location that is not 
accessed by unauthorized study personnel. Study treatment should be stored within a temperature 
range between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
The site must maintain a temperature log to document the temperature of study treatment storage 
conditions. Sites may use their own temperature log as long as it captures, at a minimum, the 
following required information: min/max values recorded once daily, protocol ID, site ID, and 
storage location.
Temperature should be monitored on a daily basis, either by continuous temperature registration, 
or by using a min-max thermometer. A copy of the temperature log should be filed in the 
Investigator Site File or Pharmacy Binder.
Study treatment should not be used beyond the expiration or retest date printed on the study 
treatment label.
Used and/or partially used bottles should be stored in an appropriate, restricted-access, secure 
location that is not accessed by unauthorized study personnel.
7.3.
Study Treatment Accountability
The authorized pharmacist (or designated personnel) will keep accurate records of the quantities 
of the study treatment (temanogrel and placebo) dispensed. Reasons for any deviation from the 
expected dispensing regimen must also be recorded. Study treatment will be reconciled by the 
Sponsor, monitor, or contracted designee before the site is closed. The Investigator agrees to 
provide sufficient access to study treatment as required for the reconciliation process to be 
completed in a timely fashion.
7.4.
Retention and Disposal
All study treatment will be reconciled by the clinical monitor and then returned to the Sponsor or 
destroyed according to applicable country regulations. On-site destruction is permitted following 
all local regulations and in accordance with the site’s SOPs. Final reconciliation will be 
performed at study completion.


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8.
REMOVAL OF SUBJECTS FROM THERAPY OR ASSESSMENT
Subjects who do not complete all 3 Treatment Visits may be replaced at the discretion of the 
Sponsor. 
8.1.
Discontinuation of Study Treatment
A subject’s study treatment may be discontinued for any of the following reasons:

Adverse event

Death

Lost to follow-up

Physician decision

Pregnancy (Section 10.8.6)

Protocol deviation

Study terminated by Sponsor

Withdrawal by subject
8.2.
Other Discontinuation from the Study
Subjects may discontinue from the study at any time for any of the following reasons:

Adverse event

Death

Lost to follow-up

Physician decision

Pregnancy (Section 10.8.6)

Protocol deviation

Study terminated by Sponsor

Withdrawal by subject

Other
A subject may elect to discontinue study participation at any time for any reason without 
prejudice to their future medical care by the physician or at the institution. When possible, all 
Follow-Up procedures specified in Section 9.3 and Section 9.4 should be performed. If a subject 
withdraws consent, no further evaluation should be performed, and no additional data should be 
collected. The Sponsor may retain and continue to use any data collected before such withdrawal 
of consent. The Investigator should make a reasonable attempt to document the specific reason 
why consent was withdrawn.


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8.3.
Lost to Follow-Up
A subject will be considered lost to Follow-Up if the subject repeatedly fails to return for 
scheduled visits or participate in the Follow-Up Visit and cannot be contacted by the study site.
The following actions must be taken if a subject fails to return to the clinic for a required study 
visit:

The site must attempt to contact the subject, reschedule the missed visit as soon as 
possible, counsel the subject on the importance of maintaining the assigned visit 
schedule, and ascertain whether or not the subject wishes to and/or should continue in 
the study.

Before a subject is deemed lost to Follow-Up, the Investigator or designee must make 
every effort to regain contact with the subject (where possible, 3 telephone calls and 
if necessary, a certified letter to the subject’s last know mailing address or local 
equivalent methods). These contact attempts should be documented in the subject’s 
medical record.
Should the subject continue to be unreachable, he/she will be considered lost to follow-up.
8.4.
Premature Termination of the Study or a Study Site
The Sponsor has the right to terminate this study at any time. Reasons for terminating the study 
may include, but are not limited to, the following:

The incidence or severity of adverse events in this or other studies indicates a 
potential health hazard to subjects

Subject enrollment is unsatisfactory

Upon request of Health Authorities
The Sponsor will notify the Investigator if the study is placed on hold or if the Sponsor decides 
to discontinue the study. Health authorities and Independent Ethics Committees (IECs)/
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) will be informed about the termination of the study in 
accordance with applicable regulations.
The Sponsor has the right to replace a study site at any time. Reasons for replacing a study site 
may include, but are not limited to:

Excessively slow recruitment

Poor protocol adherence

Inaccurate or incomplete data recording

Non-compliance with the ICH guideline for GCP


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9.
STUDY PERIODS
9.1.
Screening
The Screening period is to occur up to 28 days prior to Treatment Visit 1 (Day 28 to 1). For 
details of the study Screening and enrollment see the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1).
Potential subjects will provide written informed consent before any study-specific procedure is 
performed. Eligible subjects meeting all inclusion/exclusion criteria requirements may be 
enrolled.
9.2.
Treatment Visits
Randomization can occur after confirmation of all inclusion and exclusion criteria at Check-in 
prior to the planned administration of study treatment on Treatment Visit 1.
Each subject will participate in 3 Treatment Visits, which will each be separated by a Washout 
Period of at least 72 hours and up to approximately 7 days between study treatment 
administrations. When possible, it is preferred to schedule Treatment Visits with the minimum 
possible Washout Period between visits. For each Treatment Visit, subjects will be admitted to 
the clinic at approximately the same time of the day (between 0800 and 1200 hours). A 
schematic of Treatment Day assessments and procedures is provided in Appendix 2. Refer to the 
Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1) for additional details on study assessments and 
procedures.
Venipuncture is the preferred blood collection method; however, if warranted, an indwelling 
catheter may be placed at the beginning of each Treatment Visit for collection of blood samples 
(the same blood collection method should be used at all Treatment Visits for a given subject; 
refer to Section 10.5 for guidelines regarding blood collection and catheter placement). After
Check-in assessments including blood sampling for clinical laboratory assessments, PK, and 
biomarkers; subjects will acclimatize for at least 20 minutes in a temperature-controlled room 
(23 [± 1]°C), followed by Predose digital blood flow assessments. Digital blood flow 
assessments will be performed for 5 minutes at room temperature based on simultaneous 
collection of temperature and perfusion data using IR thermography (Section 10.3.1.1) and LSCI 
(Section 10.3.1.2), respectively. After study treatment administration, subjects will undergo 
re-acclimatization for at least 20 minutes, followed by Postdose assessments. Postdose digital 
blood flow assessments will start 45 (± 5) minutes after dosing and will again be performed for 
5 minutes at room temperature. A cold challenge will then be conducted by immersing the hands 
in a temperature-controlled water bath (15 [± 1]°C) for 1 minute (± 3 seconds). The post-cold 
challenge digital blood flow assessments must begin 30 (± 10) seconds after the completion of 
the cold challenge and will last for 30 minutes. Blood samples for clinical laboratory 
assessments, PK and biomarkers will be collected after the post-cold challenge digital blood flow 
assessments are complete, followed by visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment.
Subjects will be discharged from the study unit once all planned assessments have been 
completed.


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9.3.
Follow-Up/End of Study
Subjects will have one Follow-Up Visit via phone call, and preferably via teleconference,
4 (± 1) days after the completion of Treatment Visit 3 to assess for adverse events, update 
concomitant medications, and if applicable, communicate the results of the home pregnancy test
(Section 10.2.8). For each subject, study participation is completed once the Follow-Up Visit has 
been conducted. The End of Study Date is the date when the last subject completes his/her final 
Follow-Up Visit.
9.4.
Early Termination
Subjects who are randomized but not subsequently dosed and subjects who discontinue study 
participation will be considered Early Termination subjects. Should a subject who has been 
randomized become unwilling or unable to complete a study Visit (individual missing data 
points do not count as early discontinuation), the Follow-Up Visit should be performed. Site staff 
should work with subjects who withdraw early to obtain as much follow up data as possible.
10.
STUDY ASSESSMENTS AND PROCEDURES
10.1.
Subject Informed Consent
The Investigator, or a person designated by the Investigator, will obtain written informed consent 
from each subject before any study-specific activity is performed.
10.2.
Screening and Eligibility
Subject eligibility will be assessed based on protocol inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 
screening evaluations must be completed and reviewed to confirm potential subjects meet all 
eligibility criteria prior to receiving the first dose of study treatment on Treatment Visit 1
(Appendix 1).
Individuals may qualify for study enrollment following an abnormal laboratory test, ECG, or 
vital signs finding by having that test repeated once with acceptable results as judged by the 
Investigator (or designee). The Investigator may consult with the Medical Monitor as needed. If 
additional retests are considered, the Sponsor’s Clinical Lead should be consulted, and the 
outcome of the conversation should be documented.
10.2.1.
Rescreening
Subjects who have not been randomized and do not meet inclusion and/or exclusion criteria may 
be reconsented and rescreened with a new screening number if the Investigator assesses that the 
subject is an appropriate candidate for rescreening. The Investigator may consult with the 
Medical Monitor if there are any questions related to rescreening a subject. Subjects may not be 
rescreened more than once.


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10.2.2.
Demography and Other Subject Characteristics
Subject demographic information (ie, year of birth, age at consent, sex at birth, reproductive 
status for female subjects, ethnicity, and race as described by the subject) will be collected at 
screening.
10.2.3.
Prior and Ongoing Therapies
All medications and procedures conducted within 30 days prior to Screening will be recorded at 
Screening. Updates to medications or procedures prior to dosing on Treatment Visit 1 should be 
made as needed.
10.2.4.
Medical History/Disease Specific History
A complete medical history of each subject will be collected and documented during screening to 
determine subject eligibility. The history should include recent blood donations (within 30 days), 
illnesses, and participation in other investigational drug or device studies.
Disease-specific history to be collected includes date of onset of Raynaud’s phenomenon 
symptoms and first non-RP symptoms relevant to SSc, date of SSc diagnosis, frequency of 
Raynaud’s phenomenon attacks, history of digital ulcers or critical 
ischemia/gangrene/amputations, and other relevant SSc-RP disease characteristics and history 
(eg, presence of SSc-specific autoantibodies, nailfold capillaroscopy findings, gastrointestinal
dysfunction, other organ involvement).
10.2.4.1.
Substance Use
At screening, the amount and duration of tobacco, nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine usage will be 
collected.
10.2.5.
Urinalysis
Urinalysis parameters are identified in Table 2. Results of urinalysis assessments are required for 
eligibility purposes prior to randomization (Appendix 1).
10.2.6.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments
Clinical laboratory assessments are identified in Table 2. Results of clinical laboratory 
assessments are required for eligibility purposes prior to randomization (Appendix 1).
10.2.7.
Urine Drug Screen
A standard urine drug screen will be performed to determine eligibility prior to randomization 
(Appendix 1). Subjects who test positive for any drug included in Table 2 will not be eligible for 
study participation.
10.2.8.
Pregnancy Testing
A serum pregnancy test for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) will be performed on 
WOCBP at screening to determine eligibility and at each Treatment Visit. At each treatment 
visit, urine pregnancy tests (β-hCG) will be performed, and a negative result is required to be 
documented, prior to administration of study treatment. The results of the serum pregnancy test 


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at each Treatment Visit are not required prior to dosing. If at any point there is a case of a 
positive urine β-hCG test, the subject will have study treatment interrupted. If the serum test 
confirms positive, the subject will be discontinued from the study treatment and all the necessary 
follow up will be conducted as per Section 10.8.6. If the serum test is negative, the subject may 
resume study treatment.
At Treatment Visit 1, WOCBP will also be provided with a urine pregnancy test that is to be 
taken at home prior to the subject’s Follow-Up visit on the same day of the Follow-Up visit. 
During the first Treatment Visit subjects will receive adequate training on the use of the home 
pregnancy test and will be informed on how to properly communicate the results of their test. If 
the result of the home pregnancy test is positive, subjects will be required to undergo a serum 
pregnancy test. If the serum test confirms positive, all necessary follow-up will be conducted as 
per Section 10.8.6. If the serum test is negative, no further follow-up is required.
Women who are surgically sterile or who are postmenopausal are not considered to be of 
child-bearing potential. Postmenopausal is defined as 12 consecutive months with no menses 
without an alternative medical cause.
10.2.9.
Virology Screening
As defined in Table 2, hepatitis C screening will be performed to determine eligibility prior to 
randomization (Appendix 1).
10.2.10.
Acclimatization Test
Subjects will be required to undergo acclimatization for at least 20 minutes in a temperature-
controlled room (23 [± 1]°C). IR thermography will be used to assess digit temperature to 
determine eligibility. If a subject’s digits do not reach a temperature of at least 27°C, the subject 
will not be eligible for study participation.
10.3.
Pharmacodynamic Assessments
10.3.1.
Digital Blood Flow Assessments and Cold Challenges
Assessments of digital blood flow based on both temperature and perfusion and will be 
conducted simultaneously using IR thermography (Section 10.3.1.1) and LSCI
(Section 10.3.1.2), respectively. Digital blood flow data will be analyzed by a central core lab. 
Details on the applicable instructions regarding the collection, transfer, and analysis of blood 
flow data will be provided in a separate operation manual. Digital blood flow will be assessed at 
each Treatment Visit at Predose for 5 minutes at room temperature, and at Postdose prior to cold 
challenge for 5 minutes at room temperature and for 30 minutes following a cold challenge.
Digital blood flow will be assessed and analyzed as previously described (Wilkinson 2018) and 
details on the applicable methods can be found in separate operation manuals. Briefly, imaging 
should be performed at each Treatment Visit at approximately the same time of the day in a 
temperature-controlled (23 [± 1]°C), low-lit room, and any vibrations (included those caused by
walking or talking) should be minimized during the digital blood flow assessments. The room 
temperature should be assessed at least during the acclimatization and re-acclimatization periods, 
and after the post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessments have been completed. Subjects 
should be in a seated position during the digital blood flow assessments; standing up and walking 


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for a minimum of 5 minutes before the start of imaging should be avoided. Hands should be 
placed at a fixed distance and angle from the thermal camera and LSCI and secured to avoid 
movement during imaging. Both hands will be used for digital blood flow assessments and cold 
challenges. Room temperature digital blood flow assessment will be performed following 
acclimatization for at least 20 minutes. For the cold challenge, hands will be placed in nitrile 
gloves (to prevent evaporative cooling) and immersed in a temperature-controlled water bath
(15 [± 1]°C) up to the radiocarpal joints for 1 minute (± 3 seconds). The water temperature 
should be recorded at the beginning and at the end of the cold challenge. Immediately after the 
cold challenge, the gloves will be removed, the hands will be dried and returned to their original 
position on the insulating surface, and the post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessment will 
start 30 (± 10) seconds after the end of the cold challenge.
ROIs on both hands will be predefined and the same ROIs will be used for analysis during all 
digital blood flow measurements for all subjects. Data will be presented in temperature (°C) for 
IR thermography or in arbitrary pu for LSCI and averaged for all ROIs. Absolute measurements 
(eg, room temperature values, maximum reduction/recovery) as well as dynamic assessments 
dependent on the characteristics of the rewarming/reperfusion curve (eg, AUC, time to 50% and 
70% recovery [minimum value + (baseline value minimum value) × 0.5 and minimum 
value + (baseline value minimum value) × 0.7]) will be assessed.
10.3.1.1.
Infrared Thermography
Skin temperature will be assessed using a thermal camera. Imaging software for IR 
thermography provides quantitative measures of blood flow within predefined ROIs as mean 
temperature (°C). Additional details regarding the procedures for collection, transfer, and 
analysis of IR thermography data will be provided in a separate operation manual.
Planned timepoints for IR thermography assessments are provided in the Schedule of 
Assessments (Appendix 1).
10.3.1.2.
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
Skin perfusion will be assessed using LSCI. Imaging software for LSCI provides quantitative 
measures of blood flow within predefined ROIs as mean arbitrary pu. Additional details 
regarding the procedures for collection, transfer, and analysis of LSCI data will be provided in a 
separate operation manual.
Planned timepoints for LSCI assessments are provided in the Schedule of Assessments
(Appendix 1).
10.3.2.
Visual Analogue Scale for Pain
Subjects will complete a 0 to 100 mm VAS assessment in response to the question “How much 
pain did you have in your hands after the cold challenge?”. The VAS for pain will be completed 
as specified in the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1).
10.4.
Urine Drug Screen
A standard urine drug screen for the presence of non-prescribed drugs of interest will be 
performed at each Treatment Visit as specified in the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1). 


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The results of the urine drug screen are not required prior to initiating study conduct of each
Treatment Visit. However, if at any time a subject tests positive for any drug included in Table 2, 
the subject may be discontinued from study treatment at the discretion of the Sponsor.
10.5.
Procedures for Blood Draws
Standard venipuncture may be used for blood collection at Screening. Blood sample collection at 
Treatment Visits should be performed preferably via venipuncture; however, an indwelling 
catheter may be used if warranted. If a catheter is used, it should be used consistently for all 
Treatment Visits for a given subject. The preferred placement of the indwelling catheter is in the 
antecubital region of the subject’s non-dominant arm. The catheter should be placed in the same 
arm and region of the arm for each Treatment Visit. The method used and the location of the 
blood draws must be documented at each Treatment Visit. 
10.6.
Pharmacokinetic Assessments
Blood samples for plasma PK analysis of temanogrel, AR295980, and AR295981 will be 
collected for all subjects. Blood samples will be obtained as specified in the Schedule of 
Assessments (Appendix 1). Clock time will be documented for each PK blood sample. Detailed 
instructions regarding sample collection, processing, and shipping will be provided in a separate 
laboratory manual.
Collected plasma PK samples may also be stored for up to 3 years after the closing of the study 
and used for profiling of drug binding proteins, bioanalytical method validation purposes, 
stability assessments, or to assess other actions of temanogrel (and/or its metabolites) with 
plasma constituents or for context pertaining to safety events arising during or after the study.
During conduct of each study stage, drug concentration information that may unblind the study 
will not be reported to investigative sites or blinded personnel.
10.7.
Biomarker Assessments
Blood samples for assessment of plasma serotonin concentration and markers of vascular injury 
and endothelial dysfunction (specified in Table 2) will be collected as specified in the Schedule 
of Assessments (Appendix 1). Detailed instructions regarding sample collection, processing, and 
shipping will be provided in a separate laboratory manual.
10.7.1.
Future Biomarker Research
Where allowed by the regulatory authorities and if the subject has granted consent, residual 
plasma from samples collected to measure biomarkers may be stored for up to 10 years after the 
closing of the study. Samples will be stored according to local regulations for the study at a 
facility selected by the Sponsor to enable potential future analysis of analytes and biomarkers 
with the aim to further understand the efficacy, safety, and/or mechanism of action of 
temanogrel. Tubes will be identified with a barcode using an appropriate label. No 
diseases/conditions, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or ribonucleic acid (RNA) will be the focus 
of these analyses. Samples will not be submitted to a public database. The Sponsor and CROs 
involved in the clinical conduct and analyses of the samples/data will have access to the samples 
and/or the data that result from the analysis, if performed. By signing the informed consent form 


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(ICF), subjects agree to the possible future analysis of these samples. At any time, the subjects 
can contact the clinical staff to request destruction of their residual samples after the required 
assessments are completed.
10.8.
Safety Assessments
Safety assessments will include adverse events, vital signs (Section 10.8.1), physical 
examinations (Section 10.8.2), ECGs (Section 10.8.3), and clinical laboratory tests
(Section 10.8.4). Planned timepoints for all safety assessments are indicated in the Schedule of 
Assessments (Appendix 1).
10.8.1.
Vital Signs
Vital signs measurements will be made in the sitting position and include heart rate, blood 
pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate. Subjects should be seated for at least 5 minutes 
prior to the collection of vital signs. Vital signs will be measured prior to any blood draws that 
occur at the same study visit or overlapping timepoint, with the exception of the Postdose blood 
draw for biomarkers and PK (Appendix 2). Planned timepoints for vital signs assessments are 
provided in the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1).
10.8.2.
Physical Examinations
The Investigator will complete the physical exam at Screening. A full physical examination will
include the following assessments:

General inspection

Head/ears/eyes/nose/throat examination

Neck

Cardiac examination

Auscultation of lungs

Abdominal examination (liver, spleen, and lower abdomen)

Neurological assessment

Musculoskeletal assessment to include lower extremity edema evaluation
A symptom-based physical exam will be performed at the end of the final Treatment Visit. 
Focused physical examination of the hands (hand examination) will be performed by the 
Investigator (or designee) at Screening and at each Treatment Visit for inspection of any active 
skin ulcerations. If a subject develops an ulcer on their hand during the study, the subject will be 
discontinued from study treatment and from the study and will follow Early Termination 
(Section 9.4) procedures.
At each Treatment Visit, the first day of the most recent menstrual cycle will be documented for 
all women.
Planned timepoints for physical examinations, hand examinations, and menstrual cycle 
monitoring are provided in the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1). In addition, a 


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symptom-directed physical examination may be performed at the Investigator’s discretion at any 
time during the study.
10.8.3.
Electrocardiography
ECGs will be recorded from a 12-lead ECG machine. ECGs will be captured, recorded, and 
analyzed according to the ECG Procedure Manual. Parameters to be provided on the confirmed 
read for each safety ECG are heart rate, RR, PR, QRS, QT, corrected QT interval (QTc), 
corrected QT interval using Bazett’s formula (QTcB), and corrected QT interval using 
Fridericia’s formula (QTcF). All ECGs will be recorded with subjects in supine position. Supine 
rest time prior to ECGs will be at least 5 minutes. It is recommended to collect ECGs at least 
30 minutes after the end of the subject’s most recent meal.
The Investigator will be responsible for review and interpretation of ECGs on site for eligibility 
purposes, and for determining if the ECG is normal, abnormal clinically insignificant, or 
abnormal clinically significant and recording any clinically relevant worsening from Baseline 
occurring during the study in the adverse event section of the eCRF. ECGs obtained during 
Treatment Visits will also be analyzed by the core lab. Both local and central reports must be 
filed with the source documents.
ECG extractions will be collected during the study as outlined in the Schedule of Assessments 
(Appendix 1).
10.8.4.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments
Details regarding clinical laboratory sample collection, preparation, and shipment are provided in 
the laboratory manual. Unless otherwise specified, all laboratory assessments required by the 
protocol will be performed by a central laboratory. Refer to Table 2 for the list of clinical 
laboratory tests to be performed and the Schedules of Assessments (Appendix 1) for timing and 
frequency for each test.
The Investigator must review the laboratory reports, document the review, and record any 
clinically relevant changes on the adverse event section of the eCRF. The laboratory reports must 
be filed with the source documents. Clinically significant abnormal laboratory findings are those 
that are not associated with the underlying disease, unless judged by the Investigator to be more 
severe than expected for the subject’s condition. All laboratory tests with values considered
clinically significantly abnormal during participation in the study should be repeated until the 
values return to normal or Baseline or are no longer considered clinically significant by the 
Investigator or Medical Monitor.
In cases when laboratory values from nonprotocol-specified assessments are performed at the 
institution’s local laboratory and result in a change in subject management or are considered 
clinically significant by the Investigator (eg, adverse event or study treatment discontinuation), 
then the details must be documented in the appropriate eCRF.


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Table 2:
Clinical Laboratory Tests
Pregnancy Testinga
Coagulation
Virology Screening
Serum pregnancy test beta-human 
chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)
Urine β-hCG
Activated partial thromboplastin time 
(PTT)
Fibrinogen
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
Prothrombin time (PT)
Thrombin time (TT)
Hepatitis C virus
Urinalysis
Hematology
Appearance
Bilirubin
Color
Glucose
Ketones
Leukocyte esterase
Microscopic examination of sediment
Nitrite
Occult blood
pH
Protein
Specific gravity
Urobilinogen
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Platelet count
Red blood cell (RBC) count 
White blood cell (WBC) count with differential
Serum Chemistry
Endocrinology
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Albumin
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Bicarbonate 
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Calcium
Chloride
Creatinine
Direct bilirubin
Creatine kinase (CK)
Glucose
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Total bilirubin 
Total cholesterol
Total protein
Triglycerides
Uric acid
Thyroid-stimulating hormone 
(TSH)
Thyroxine (T4) free
Triiodothyronine (T3) free


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Biomarkers
Endothelin-1
Factor VIII activity
Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1] activity
PAI-1 antigen
Serotonin
Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen [t-PA]
Vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Von Willebrand factor [VWF]
Urine Drug Screen
Amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana, methadone, methamphetamine, 
methylenedioxymethamphetamine, opiate, oxycodone, phencyclidine
a Required only for women of child-bearing potential. 
10.8.4.1.
Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, and Coagulation
Clinical chemistry, hematology, and coagulation parameters that will be assessed during the 
study are identified in Table 2 and planned timepoints for blood collection are provided in the 
Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1).
10.8.5.
Adverse Events
10.8.5.1.
Definitions
10.8.5.1.1. Adverse Event
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence that does not necessarily have a causal 
relationship with this treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any unfavorable and 
unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, 
whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Adverse events will be collected 
from the time of consent.
Adverse events can include, but are not limited to, any of the following:

Unfavorable changes in general condition

Subjective or objective signs/symptoms

Concomitant disease or accidents

Clinically relevant adverse changes in laboratory parameters over the course of the 
study

Pre-existing conditions that worsen in severity, increase in frequency, or have new 
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10.8.5.1.2. Serious Adverse Event
An adverse event should be classified as a serious adverse event (SAE) if it meets one of the 
following criteria:
Fatal:
The adverse event resulted in death.
Life-threatening:
The adverse event placed the subject at immediate risk of death. This 
classification does not apply to an adverse event that hypothetically 
might cause death if it were more severe.
Hospitalization:
The adverse event required or prolonged an existing inpatient 
hospitalization. Hospitalizations for elective medical or surgical 
procedures or treatments planned before the signing of informed consent 
in the study or routine check-ups are not SAEs by this definition.
Disabling/ 
incapacitating:
The adverse event resulted in a persistent or significant incapacity or 
substantial disruption of the subject’s ability to conduct normal life 
functions.
Congenital anomaly or 
birth defect:
An adverse outcome in a child or fetus of a subject exposed to the study 
treatment before conception or during pregnancy.
Medically significant:
The adverse event did not meet any of the above criteria but could have 
jeopardized the subject and might have required medical or surgical 
intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above or involves 
suspected transmission via a medicinal product of an infectious agent.
10.8.5.1.3. Adverse Drug Reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) in the pre-approval clinical experience with a new medicinal 
product or its new usages, particularly as the therapeutic dose(s) may not be established, is any 
noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product related to any dose. The phrase 
“responses to a medicinal product” means that a causal relationship between a medicinal product 
and an adverse event is at least a reasonable possibility (ie, the relationship cannot be ruled out).
10.8.5.1.4. Severity
The severity of each adverse event will be assessed at the onset by the Investigator. When 
recording the outcome of the adverse event the maximum severity of the adverse event 
experienced will also be recorded. The severity of each adverse event will be graded according to 
the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5.0:
Grade 1:
Mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic 
observations only; intervention not indicated.
Grade 2:
Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; 
limiting age-appropriate instrumental activities of daily living (ADL).
Grade 3:
Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; 
hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling, 
limiting self-care ADL (eg, preparing meals, shopping for groceries or 
clothes, using the telephone, managing money).


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Grade 4:
Life-threatening consequences, urgent intervention indicated.
Grade 5:
Death related to adverse event.
10.8.5.1.5. Relationship
The Investigator is obligated to assess the relationship (causal relationship) between the study 
treatment and each occurrence of each adverse event. The adverse event relationship (causal 
relationship) to study treatment must be characterized as one of the following categories:
Not Related:
The adverse event does not follow a reasonable temporal sequence from
administration of the drug, does not abate upon discontinuation of the 
drug, does not follow a known or hypothesized cause-effect relationship, 
and (if applicable) does not reappear when the drug is reintroduced, 
furthermore, there may exist a clear alternative medical explanation (eg, 
underlying disease state) or association with study procedure or study 
conduct.
Unlikely Related:
The temporal association between the adverse event and the drug is such 
that the drug is not likely to have any reasonable association with the 
adverse event.
Probably Related:
The adverse event follows a reasonable temporal sequence from 
administration of the drug and cannot be reasonably explained by the 
known characteristics of the subject’s clinical state, environmental, or 
toxic factors, or other modes of therapy administered to the subject.
Related:
The adverse event follows a reasonable temporal sequence from 
administration of the drug, abates upon discontinuation of the drug, 
follows a known or hypothesized cause-effect relationship, and (if 
appropriate) reappears when the drug is reintroduced.
The Investigator will use clinical judgment to determine the relationship. Alternative causes, 
such as underlying disease(s), concomitant therapy, and other risk factors, as well as the 
temporal relationship of the event to the study treatment administration should be considered and 
investigated. The Investigator should consult the IB and the Product Information of marketed 
products within the drug class, when applicable. For each adverse event, the Investigator must 
document in the medical notes that he/she has reviewed the adverse event and has provided an 
assessment of causality. There may be situations in which an SAE has occurred, and the 
Investigator has minimal information to include in the initial report to the Sponsor; however, the 
Investigator should always make an initial assessment of causality for every event before the 
initial transmission of the SAE to the Sponsor. The Investigator may change his/her opinion of 
causality based on subsequent receipt of information and send an SAE follow-up report with the 
updated causality assessment. The causality assessment is one of the criteria used when 
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10.8.5.2.
Eliciting, Recording, and Reporting Adverse Events
10.8.5.2.1. Eliciting Adverse Events
Subjects will be instructed that they may report adverse events at any time. An open-ended or 
nondirected method of questioning should be used at each study visit to elicit the reporting of 
adverse events.
10.8.5.2.2. Recording Adverse Events
The adverse event reporting period for safety surveillance begins when the subject is initially 
included in the study (date of first signature of informed consent) and continues up to 30 days 
after the last study treatment administration. If an adverse event is not resolved or stabilized by 
this time, the Sponsor in consultation with the Investigator will decide whether or not further 
follow-up is necessary. 
Investigator and study personnel will record all adverse events and SAEs whether received 
through an unsolicited report by a subject, elicited during subject questioning, discovered during 
physical examination, laboratory testing, and/or other means by recording them on the eCRF and 
SAE Report Form, as appropriate. The following information should be recorded on the adverse 
event eCRF:

Description including onset and resolution dates

Whether it met SAE criteria

Severity

Relationship to study treatment or other causality

Outcome
Any SAE suspected to be related to the study treatment must be reported whenever it occurs, 
irrespective of the time elapsed since the last study treatment administration.
For SAEs, events occurring secondary to the primary event should be described on the SAE 
Report Form in the narrative description of the case.
The following should be considered when recording SAEs:

Death is an outcome of an event. The event that resulted in the death should be 
recorded and reported on both an SAE Report Form and eCRF.

For hospitalizations, surgical, or diagnostic procedures, the illness leading to the 
surgical or diagnostic procedure should be recorded as the SAE, not the procedure 
itself. The procedure should be captured in the narrative as part of the action taken in 
response to the illness.
10.8.5.2.3. Diagnosis Versus Signs or Symptoms
In general, the use of a unifying diagnosis is preferred to the listing out of individual symptoms. 
Grouping of symptoms into a diagnosis should only be done if each component sign and/or 
symptom is a medically confirmed component of a diagnosis as evidenced by standard medical 


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textbooks. If any aspect of a sign or symptom does not fit into a classic pattern of the diagnosis, 
report the individual symptom as a separate adverse event.
10.8.5.3.
Reporting Serious Adverse Events
All SAEs are subject to reporting requirements.
10.8.5.3.1. Serious Adverse Events
All SAEs, whether or not considered related to study treatment, must be reported to the Sponsor 
Contact within 24 hours of becoming aware of the event. In addition, a completed report using 
the Sponsor’s SAE Report Form must be submitted within 24 hours of notification to the 
designated Sponsor Contact.
IQVIA Pharmacovigilance
Phone: +1-866-599-1341
Fax: +1-866-599-1342
Email (preferred method): ArenaSafety@iqvia.com
If additional follow-up information is required or becomes available for a previously reported 
SAE, the new information should be reported to the designated Sponsor Contact within 
24 hours of awareness.
Elective hospitalization and/or surgery for clearly preexisting conditions (eg, a surgery that has 
been scheduled prior to the subject’s entry into the study) will not be reported as an SAE. All 
other hospitalizations, including elective hospitalizations for any condition that was not 
preexisting, will be reported as an SAE.
Any SAE that is ongoing when the subject completes the study or discontinues the study will be 
followed by the Investigator until the event resolves, stabilizes or returns to baseline status.
10.8.5.3.2. Serious, Unexpected Adverse Drug Reactions
All ADRs that are both serious and unexpected are subject to expedited reporting to regulatory 
agencies and will be reported in accordance with Directive 2001/20/EC or as per national 
regulatory requirements in participating countries. An unexpected ADR is one for which the 
nature or severity is not consistent with information in the relevant source documents.
The following documents or circumstances will be used to determine whether an adverse 
event/ADR is expected:

For a medicinal product not yet approved for marketing in a country, the Reference 
Safety Information (RSI) section of a company’s IB will serve as the source 
document in that country.

Reports that add significant information on specificity or severity of a known, already 
documented serious ADR constitute unexpected events. For example, an event more 
specific or more severe than described in the RSI in the IB would be considered 
“unexpected”.


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10.8.6.
Pregnancy
If at any point any pregnancy test is positive, the subject will be withdrawn from the study 
treatment.
Details of all pregnancies in female subjects and female partners of male subjects will be 
collected after the start of study treatment and until 90 days after the last dose.
Pregnancy (during maternal or paternal exposure to study treatment) does not meet the definition 
of an adverse event; however, to fulfill regulatory requirements, any pregnancy and/or pregnancy 
outcome should be reported via the Pregnancy Report Form to the designated Sponsor Contact 
(IQVIA) within 24 hours of awareness.
Abnormal pregnancy outcomes (eg, spontaneous abortion, fetal death, stillbirth, congenital 
anomalies, ectopic pregnancy) are considered SAEs and should be reported as such even if 
outside the SAE reporting period.
10.9.
Safety-Related Stopping Criteria
10.9.1.
Bleeding Events
Any bleeding event reported as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or greater 
will pause enrollment and the event will be reviewed by the Investigator and Medical Monitor. 
Following review, the event may trigger unblinding, study stop, or the study may resume
(following approval by health authorities and IECs/IRBs in accordance with applicable 
country-specific regulations). 
10.9.2.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Discontinuation of study treatment for an individual subject should be considered if any of the 
following occur:

ALT or AST > 8 × ULN

ALT or AST > 5 × ULN for more than 2 weeks

ALT or AST > 3 × ULN and total bilirubin (TBL) > 2 × ULN or International 
Normalized Ratio (INR) > 1.5

ALT or AST > 3 × ULN with the appearance of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, right upper 
quadrant pain or tenderness, fever, rash, and/or eosinophilia (> 5%)
10.10.
Maximum Blood Volume
The maximum amount of blood collected from each subject over the duration of the study, 
including planned pharmacokinetic, biomarkers, and clinical laboratory samples will not exceed 
240 mL. Repeat or unscheduled samples may be taken for safety reasons or for technical issues 
with the samples.
10.11.
Procedures for Overdose
Overdose is not expected as study treatment will be administered in a highly controlled 
environment by qualified designees at the study centers. The Sponsor does not recommend 


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specific treatment for an overdose; there is no known antidote to temanogrel. After an overdose 
or suspected overdose, subjects should be monitored for adverse events. 
If a subject receives a dose in excess of the instructed dose (eg, due to pharmacy error) and if
symptoms are present, the Investigator or designee should contact the Medical Monitor 
immediately. In the absence of associated adverse events as assessed per the clinical judgement 
of the Investigator, no further action is required. Overdoses must be documented as protocol 
deviations.
11.
PLANNED STATISTICAL METHODS
11.1.
General Considerations
Details regarding the statistical analyses will be provided in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP),
which will be finalized prior to breaking the blind for the Stage A interim analysis.
Continuous variables will be summarized using the number of observations, mean, standard 
deviation (SD), median, minimum, and maximum. Categorical variables will be summarized 
using frequency counts and percentages.
Pairwise comparisons of each temanogrel treatment group compared to placebo will be 
conducted. In addition, analyses of the pooled temanogrel treatment groups compared to placebo 
will be conducted.
Where statistical assumptions (eg, normality, first-order carry effects) are not met, alternative 
approaches will be evaluated (eg, nonparametric analysis, log transformation). All statistical tests 
for efficacy parameters will be performed at the 0.05 significance level (2-sided).
Efficacy data will be analyzed by randomized treatment, while safety data will be analyzed by 
actual treatment.
Details regarding the statistical analyses will be provided in the SAP.
11.2.
Determination of Sample Size
Approximately 24 subjects are planned to be randomized in Stage A, which is sufficient to 
achieve at least 80% power to detect a treatment effect of 16.6% from placebo for change in 
digital blood flow based on rewarming AUC (°C, assessed with IR thermography) during the 
30 minutes following a cold challenge for each of the 2 temanogrel treatments based on a 
difference of means test for a 3-period, 3-treatment crossover design with a significance level 
0.05 (2-sided). The test assumes the temanogrel treatment group mean of 365, placebo group 
mean of 313, and an SD of the difference in temanogrel treatment and placebo group means of 
86. In addition, with 24 subjects there is at least 80% power to detect a treatment effect of 23.5% 
from placebo for change in digital blood flow based on reperfusion AUC (pu, assessed with 
LSCI) during the 30 minutes following a cold challenge for each of the 2 temanogrel treatments 
(temanogrel treatment group mean of 24.7, placebo group mean of 20, and an SD of the 
difference in temanogrel treatment and placebo group means of 7.8). Assumptions are based on 
previous studies in SSc-RP utilizing these or similar methods (Herrick 2014, Wilkinson 2018, 


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Wise 2004). Subjects will be equally randomized (1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio) to 1 of the 6 treatment 
sequences (4 subjects per sequence).
Approximately 24 subjects are planned to be randomized in Stage B using the same 3-period, 
3-treatment crossover design. Based on Stage A results, Stage B sample size may be modified, 
but not limited to, Stage A dose levels will be enriched or 2 additional temanogrel doses will be 
evaluated.
11.3.
Analysis Sets
For purposes of analysis, the following populations are defined (Table 3).
Table 3:
Analysis Sets
Analysis Set
Description
Full Analysis Set (FAS)
The FAS will include all randomized subjects, irrespective of whether they 
received any study treatment.
Modified Full Analysis Set 
(mFAS)
The mFAS will include all randomized subjects who receive at least one dose 
of study treatment and have at least one baseline and post-baseline 
measurement.
Per Protocol Set
The Per Protocol Set will include all subjects from the FAS who receive the 
full dose of all 3 study treatments and are without major protocol violations 
that might affect the evaluation of the effect of study treatment on the primary 
endpoints. The violations will be predefined in the SAP and the Per Protocol 
Set will be specified prior to unblinding.
Pharmacokinetic Set
The Pharmacokinetic Set will include all subjects in the Safety Set with a 
Postdose PK measurement.
Safety Set
The Safety Set will include all randomized subjects who received at least one 
dose of study treatment.
11.4.
Missing Data
If required, imputation of missing data will be performed and details will be given in the SAP.
11.5.
Efficacy Analyses
The primary and secondary endpoints will be analyzed using the FAS. Other important statistical 
considerations and sensitivity analyses will be described in the SAP.
The primary endpoints of the study are the change in digital blood flow based on 
rewarming/reperfusion AUC (assessed with IR thermography and LSCI, respectively) during the 
30 minutes following a cold challenge. The primary analyses will be analyzed using analysis of 
variance (ANOVA; Williams’ design) with a model that includes treatment group, sequence, and 
period as factors. Least square means, standard errors (SEs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)
for the treatments and their difference will be presented together with their p-values.
Unless otherwise specified, continuous secondary endpoints will be analyzed using ANOVA 
(Williams’ design) with a model that includes treatment group, sequence, and period as factors. 
Least square means, SEs, and 95% CIs for the treatments and their difference will be presented 
together with their p-values.


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Time-to-event secondary endpoints will be displayed using Kaplan-Meier plots and analyzed 
with Cox regression with a model that includes treatment group, sequence, and period as factors. 
The hazard ratio will be presented together with 95% CIs and the p-value.
Given subjects will receive all 3 treatments in 1 of 6 possible sequences, first-order carryover 
effects will be evaluated to assess the extent to which the order of treatments affected primary 
and secondary endpoints.
Details of the analysis methods for exploratory endpoints will be described in the SAP.
11.5.1.
Primary Endpoint

Change in digital blood flow based on:

Rewarming AUC (°C, assessed with IR thermography) during the 30 minutes 
following a cold challenge

Reperfusion AUC (pu, assessed with LSCI) during the 30 minutes following a 
cold challenge
11.5.2.
Secondary Endpoints

Change in the following temperature (°C, assessed with IR thermography) and 
perfusion (pu, assessed with LSCI) parameters:

Maximum reduction following a cold challenge

Maximum recovery during the 30 minutes following a cold challenge

AUC during the initial 2 minutes following a cold challenge

Slope during the initial 2 minutes following a cold challenge

Time to achieve 50% recovery from the cold challenge-induced reduction

Time to achieve 70% recovery from the cold challenge-induced reduction

Change from Predose to Postdose in the following temperature (°C, assessed with IR 
thermography) and perfusion (pu, assessed with LSCI) parameters:

Room temperature values

Distal dorsal difference (DDD) (defined as the difference in measurements 
between the dorsum and the finger) at room temperature
11.5.3.
Exploratory Endpoints

The relationship between selected PD endpoints and select biomarkers may be 
explored

The relationship between selected PD endpoints and the concentration of temanogrel 
and/or active metabolites may be explored

VAS for pain


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11.6.
Testing Strategy
No formal testing strategy or adjustments of the Type I error will be employed for the evaluation 
of secondary or exploratory endpoints. Estimates and 95% CI for treatment groups and from 
pairwise comparisons will be reported in an exploratory manner.
11.7.
Interim Analysis
Following Stage A, unblinded analyses will be conducted to review the safety, PK, and efficacy 
(eg, observed treatment effect, variability of digital blood flow measures) data. Based on Stage A 
results, Stage B sample size may be modified, such as, but not limited to, Stage A dose levels 
will be enriched, or 2 additional doses will be evaluated. Full details of the safety, PK, and 
efficacy data interim analyses will be provided in the SAP.
11.8.
Safety Analyses
Observed values for clinical chemistry and hematology tests and vital signs will be summarized 
by study stage, treatment group, and study day. Individual data listings of clinical chemistry and 
hematology tests results will be presented for each subject. Observed values and changes from 
Baseline will be summarized descriptively. Observed values will be classified for normal, 
abnormality that is not clinically significant, and clinically significant abnormality by study 
stage, treatment group, and timepoint of collection. Results of other safety assessments will be 
listed and summarized as appropriate. A detailed description of all safety analyses will be 
provided in the SAP.
11.8.1.
Safety Endpoints

Safety and tolerability of temanogrel
11.8.2.
Adverse Events
Adverse events will be coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA).
Adverse events will be listed and summarized by system organ class and preferred term, as well 
as according to severity and relationship to study treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events 
(TEAEs) will be summarized by study stage and treatment group. Similarly, bleeding events will 
be summarized by BARC classification by study stage and treatment group. 
For each treatment group, the proportion of subjects with TEAEs will be summarized overall, by 
severity, and by relationship to study treatment. SAEs will also be summarized by treatment 
group. A TEAE is defined as:

An adverse event that occurs after initiation of study treatment that was not present at 
the time of treatment start.

An adverse event that increases in severity after the initiation of study treatment, if 
the event was present at the time of treatment start.
Adverse events occurring before the first dose of study treatment will be summarized separately.


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11.8.2.1.
BARC Bleeding Criteria Assessment
Based on mild bleeding events observed with escalating doses of oral temanogrel when 
co-administered with aspirin and clopidogrel in healthy adult subjects during completed Phase 1 
studies, administration of single doses of oral temanogrel in this study may potentially increase 
the tendency of bleeding; therefore, the assessment of bleeding-related adverse events will be 
categorized by the Investigator (or qualified designee) using the BARC definition for bleeding 
(Mehran 2011) (Table 4). For any bleeding events that occur after the final Treatment Visit and 
before the Follow-Up Visit, applicable corresponding medical records should be requested for 
review by the Investigator (or qualified designee).
Table 4:
BARC Definitions for Bleeding
Type
Definition
0
No bleeding
1
Bleeding that is not actionable and does not cause the patient to seek unscheduled performance of 
studies, hospitalization, or treatment by a healthcare professional; may include episodes leading to 
self-discontinuation of medical therapy by the patient without consulting a healthcare professional
2
Any overt, actionable sign of hemorrhage (ie, more bleeding than would be expected for a clinical 
circumstance, including bleeding found by imaging alone) that does not fit the criteria for Type 3, 4, 
or 5 but does meet at least one of the following criteria:

Requiring nonsurgical, medical intervention by a healthcare professional.

Leading to hospitalization or increased level of care.

Prompting evaluation.
3
a.
Overt bleeding plus hemoglobin drop of 3 to < 5 g/dLa (provided hemoglobin drop is 
related to bleed). Any transfusion with overt bleeding.
b.
Overt bleeding plus hemoglobin drop ≥5 g/dLa (provided hemoglobin drop is related to 
bleed). Cardiac tamponade bleeding requiring surgical intervention for control 
(excluding dental/nasal/skin/hemorrhoid). Bleeding requiring intravenous vasoactive 
agents.
c.
Intracranial hemorrhage (does not include microbleeds or hemorrhagic transformation, 
does include intraspinal). Subcategories confirmed by autopsy or imaging or lumbar 
puncture. Intraocular bleed compromising vision.
4
CABG-related bleeding. Perioperative intracranial bleeding within 48 hours. Reoperation after 
closure of sternotomy for the purpose of controlling bleeding. Transfusion of ≥5 U whole blood or 
packed red blood cells within a 48-hour period.b Chest tube output ≥2 L within a 24-hour period.
5
Fatal bleeding
a.
Probable fatal bleeding; no autopsy or imaging confirmation but clinically suspicious.
b.
Definite fatal bleeding; overt bleeding or autopsy or imaging confirmation.
a Corrected for transfusion (1 U packed red blood cells or 1 unit whole blood = 1 g/dL hemoglobin).
b Cell saver products are not counted.
Note: CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft. Platelet transfusions should be recorded and reported but are not included in 
these definitions until further information is obtained about the relationship to outcomes. If a CABG-related bleed is not 
adjudicated as at least a Type 3 severity event, it will be classified as not a bleeding event. If a bleeding event occurs with a clear 
temporal relationship to CABG (ie, within a 48-hour time frame) but does not meet Type 4 severity criteria, it will be classified 
as not a bleeding event.
BARC, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; U, unit
Source: (Mehran 2011).


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11.8.3.
Extent of Exposure
The number of treatments received by each subject and the number of subjects exposed to each
treatment will be summarized. 
11.8.4.
Clinical Laboratory Parameters
Observed values for clinical chemistry and hematology tests and vital signs will be summarized 
by study stage, treatment group, and study day. Individual data listings of clinical chemistry and 
hematology tests results will be presented for each subject. Observed values and changes from 
Baseline at each Treatment Visit will be summarized descriptively. Observed values will be 
classified for normal, abnormality that is not clinically significant, and clinically significant 
abnormality by study stage, treatment group, and timepoint of collection.
11.8.5.
Vital Signs
Descriptive statistics for vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body 
temperature) will be presented by treatment group.
11.8.6.
Physical Examination
Clinically significant physical examination abnormalities will be included in medical history or 
recorded and summarized as an adverse event.
11.8.7.
Electrocardiography
Individual ECG values will be listed by visit and summarized using descriptive statistics. 
Parameters to be provided for each ECG are heart rate, RR, PR, QRS, QT, QTc, QTcB, and 
QTcF. Post-Baseline ECGs for each subject will be compared with the Baseline ECG at each
Treatment Visit. Any clinically significant change from Baseline may be recorded as an adverse 
event if deemed appropriate by the investigator, or investigator in consultation with the Clinical 
Lead. Outlier analysis will be performed on all subjects with QTcF values greater than 500 ms or 
change from Baseline > 60 ms in the absence of Baseline ECG abnormalities that preclude 
accurate surface ECG assessment of ventricular repolarization (eg, bundle branch block).
11.9.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis
The PK analysis will be conducted using plasma concentrations of temanogrel and its 
metabolites from subjects who have received temanogrel and have evaluable plasma 
concentrations. Further details will be provided in the SAP.
12.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
12.1.
Ethical Conduct of the Study
This study shall be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in 
the Declaration of Helsinki and that are consistent with GCP, ICH guidelines, and other 
applicable regulatory requirements (eg, local requirements).


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12.2.
Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee 
Approval
Before initiating a study, the Investigator must have written and dated approval from the 
IRB/IEC for the study protocol, written ICF, subject recruitment materials and procedures (eg, 
advertisements or websites), and any other written information to be provided to subjects. 
Approval from the committee must be documented in a letter to the Investigator specifying the 
protocol number, protocol version, documents reviewed, and the date on which the committee 
met and granted the approval.
All documents subject to review during the study, including any modifications made to the 
protocol after receipt of IRB/IEC approval, must also be submitted to the committee for approval 
prior to implementation. The Investigator must also provide periodic reports as required and 
promptly report important safety information (ie, SAEs) and protocol violations, as appropriate, 
to the IRB/IEC.
As part of the Investigator’s written application to the IRB/IEC, the Investigator should provide 
the committee with a current copy of the IB. If the IB is updated during the study, the 
Investigator should supply an updated copy to the committee.
12.3.
Informed Consent
The Investigator will fully inform the subject of all pertinent aspects of the study, including the 
approval of the study by the IRB/IEC. Before informed consent may be obtained, the 
Investigator should provide the subject ample time and opportunity to inquire about details of the 
study and to decide whether to participate.
Prior to a subject’s participation in the study, the IRB/IEC-approved ICF must be signed and 
personally dated by the subject and by the person who conducted the informed consent 
discussion. If a subject is unable to read, an impartial witness will be present during the entire 
informed consent discussion.
The written ICF and any other written information to be provided to subjects should be revised 
whenever important new information becomes available that may be relevant to the subject’s 
consent. Any revised written ICF or study materials to be available and/or supplied to subjects 
should receive the IRB/IEC’s approval in advance of use. The subject will be informed in a 
timely manner if new information becomes available that may be relevant to the subject’s 
willingness to continue participation in the study. The communication of this information should 
be documented.
12.4.
Confidentiality
All information generated in this study is considered highly confidential and must not be 
disclosed to any person or entity not directly involved with the study unless prior written consent 
is provided from the Sponsor.
Prior to study participation, the Investigator shall inform the subject that the monitor(s), 
auditor(s), IRB/IEC, and the regulatory authorities will be granted direct access to the subject’s 
original medical records for verification of clinical study procedures and/or data, and that, by 
signing a written ICF, the subject is authorizing such access.


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In addition, prior to study participation, the subject must be informed that the records identifying 
the subject will not be made publicly available; if the results of the study are published, the 
subject’s identity will remain confidential.
12.5.
Protocol Compliance
The Investigator/institution will conduct the study in compliance with the protocol agreed to by 
the Sponsor and regulatory authorities (if applicable) and that was approved by the IRB/IEC. The 
Investigator/institution and the Sponsor should sign the protocol, or an alternative contract, to 
confirm agreement.
The Investigator should not implement any deviation from, or changes to, the protocol without 
agreement by the Sponsor and prior review and documented approval from the IRB/IEC of an 
amendment, except where necessary to eliminate immediate hazard(s) to study subjects or when 
the change involves only logistical or administrative aspects of the study (eg, change in monitor, 
change of telephone number).
When an important deviation from the protocol is deemed necessary for an individual subject, 
the Investigator must contact the Sponsor’s Clinical Lead for the study. Such contact must be 
made as soon as possible to permit a review by the Sponsor to determine the impact of the 
deviation on the subject’s participation and/or the assessment of safety or efficacy in the study. 
Any significant protocol deviations affecting subject eligibility and/or safety must be reported by 
Investigator or site delegate to the IRB/IEC and regulatory authorities, as applicable, prior to 
implementation.
The Investigator should document and explain any deviation from the approved protocol.
13.
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality assurance and quality control systems shall be implemented and maintained with written 
SOPs to ensure that the study is conducted, and data are generated, documented (recorded), and 
reported in compliance with the protocol, GCP, and the applicable regulatory requirement(s). 
Quality control shall be applied to each stage of data handling to ensure that all data are reliable 
and have been processed correctly.
An agreement must be secured from all involved parties to ensure direct access to all 
study-related sites, source documents, and reports for the purpose of monitoring and auditing by 
the Sponsor and inspection by regulatory authorities.
13.1.
Training of Study Site Personnel
Prior to study activities being initiated at the study site, the Sponsor or designee will train study 
site personnel on the protocol and applicable procedures. Training will be documented.
Note: If new study site personnel are assigned to the study after the initial training, study sites 
should contact the study monitor to coordinate training. Qualified study personnel may conduct 
training, as appropriate. Training of new study personnel should also be documented.


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13.2.
Monitoring
Study site monitoring is conducted to ensure the study is progressing as expected, the rights and 
well being of human subjects are protected, the reported study data are accurate, complete, and 
verifiable, and the conduct of the study is in compliance with the currently approved protocol, 
with GCP and with applicable regulatory requirements. Protocol deviations identified will be 
documented.
Details of study site monitoring are documented in the study Clinical Monitoring Plan (CMP) or 
similar document. The CMP describes in detail who will conduct the monitoring, at what 
frequency monitoring will be done, at what level of detail monitoring will be performed (eg, 
targeted and/or risk based), and the distribution of monitoring reports. Monitoring may include a 
study site selection visit, which may be conducted in person or via communication media (eg, 
teleconference, online meeting) or may be waived in accordance with policy and procedures 
being followed for the study, if appropriate. Monitoring will include a study site initiation visit, 
interim monitoring visit(s), and a study site closeout visit. An interim monitoring visit may be 
combined with a closeout visit, if applicable.
13.3.
Audit
An audit of one or more participating study sites may be performed independently of, and 
separately from, routine monitoring to evaluate clinical study conduct and compliance with the 
protocol, SOPs, GCP, and the applicable regulatory requirements.
14.
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING
14.1.
Data Management
14.1.1.
Case Report Forms
An eCRF must be completed for each subject enrolled in this study. These forms will be used to 
transmit information collected during the study to the Sponsor and regulatory authorities, as 
applicable.
The documentation related to the validation of the eCRFs will be maintained in the Trial Master 
File (TMF). The TMF will be maintained by the CRO and the Sponsor.
The Investigator will document subject data in his/her own subject files. These subject files will 
serve as source data for the study. All eCRF data required by this protocol will be recorded by 
study site personnel. All data entered into the eCRF will be supported by source documentation.
The Investigator or an authorized member of the Investigator’s staff will make any necessary 
corrections to the eCRF. All changed information, including the date and person performing the 
corrections, will be available via the audit trail, which will be part of the electronic data capture 
system. For any correction, a reason for the alteration will be provided. The eCRFs will be 
reviewed periodically for completeness and acceptability by Sponsor personnel (or their 
representatives). The Sponsor (or their representatives) will also be allowed access to all source 
documents pertinent to the study in order to verify eCRF entries. The Investigator will review the 


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eCRFs for completeness and accuracy and provide his or her electronic signature and date to the 
eCRFs as evidence thereof.
14.1.2.
Source Documents
Per regulatory requirements, the Investigator or designee will maintain accurate and up-to-date 
study documentation, including source documentation for each study subject. Source documents 
are defined as original documents, data, and records. These may include, but are not limited to, 
hospital records, clinical and office charts, endoscopy reports, laboratory data/information, 
subject electronic diaries (eDiaries) or evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing and other 
records, recorded data from automated instruments, ECGs, X-rays, ultrasounds, right heart 
catheterization reports, echocardiograms. Data collected during this study must be recorded on 
the appropriate source documents.
The Investigator(s)/institution(s) will permit study-related monitoring, audits, IRB/IEC review, 
and regulatory inspection(s) and will provide direct access to the source data.
14.2.
Study Documentation and Records Retention
The Investigator and study staff have the responsibility of maintaining a comprehensive and 
centralized filing system containing all study-related documentation. These files must be 
available for inspection by the Sponsor, representatives of the Sponsor, the IRB/IEC, and 
regulatory authorities (ie, FDA or international regulatory authorities) at any time, and should 
consist of the following elements:

Subject files: Containing the completed eCRFs (if applicable), supporting source 
documentation including medical records, laboratory data, and signed ICFs.

Regulatory files: Containing the protocol with all amendments and Investigator 
signature pages, copies of all other regulatory documentation, all correspondence 
between the study site and the IRB/IEC and Sponsor, and drug accountability files, 
including a complete account of the receipt and disposition of the study treatment.
Records will be available for 2 years after the last marketing application approval, or if the 
application is not approved or never submitted, 2 years after the appropriate regulatory 
authorities have been notified of the discontinuation of clinical development of the
investigational product. The Sponsor will provide written notification when it is appropriate for 
the Investigator to discard the study-specific documents referenced above.
During the record retention period, the Investigator or designee must inform the Sponsor or 
designee (eg, CRO), of the following: 

Location of study documentation

If the custody of documentation will be transferred or moved to another location

If the Investigator is unable to retain documentation for the specified period


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14.3.
Clinical Study Report
Whether the study is completed or prematurely terminated, a clinical study report will be 
prepared and provided to the regulatory agencies according to applicable regulatory 
requirement(s).
14.4.
Disclosure of Study Results
The Sponsor will post the results of the study in a publicly accessible database in accordance 
with the applicable laws and regulations.
15.
RESPONSIBILITIES
15.1.
Investigator Responsibilities
The Investigator must comply with this protocol and the conduct of all study procedures. The 
Investigator will disclose to the Sponsor sufficient, accurate, financial information to allow the 
Sponsor to submit accurate disclosure statements to the FDA per 21 Code of Federal Regulations 
(CFR) Part 54 (Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators) or to other regulatory authorities 
that have similar requirements. The Investigator is responsible for compliance with applicable 
sections of ICH GCP requirements. The investigator may also be responsible for compliance 
with 21 CFR Part 312, Subpart D, (Responsibilities of Investigators) and other federal, and local 
laws, applicable to conducting drug studies.
The Investigator is responsible for ensuring an investigation is conducted according to the signed 
Investigator statement, the investigational plan, and applicable regulations; for protecting the 
rights, safety, and welfare of subjects under the Investigator’s care; and for the control of drugs 
under investigation. An Investigator shall, in accordance with the provisions of ICH GCP 
guidelines and/or 21 CFR Part 50, obtain the informed consent of each human subject to whom 
the drug is administered.
15.2.
Sponsor Responsibilities
The Sponsor is responsible for compliance with applicable sections of ICH E6(R2) and 21 CFR
Part 312, Subpart D (Responsibilities of Sponsors). The Sponsor is responsible for selecting 
qualified Investigators, providing them with the information they need to conduct an 
investigation properly, and ensuring proper monitoring of the investigation(s). Sponsors are also 
responsible for ensuring the investigation(s) is conducted in accordance with the general 
investigational plan and protocols contained in the Investigational New Drug (IND) application
(or equivalent), maintaining an effective IND (or equivalent) with respect to the investigations, 
and ensuring the FDA (and/or other regulatory authorities as applicable), and all participating 
Investigators are promptly informed of significant new adverse effects or risks with respect to the 
drug.


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APPENDIX 1:
SCHEDULE OF ASSESSMENTS
Visita
Screening
Treatment Visit 1
Treatment Visit 2
Treatment Visit 3
Follow-Up
Visitb
Timepoint
Screenc
Check-in
Predosed
Postdosee
Check-in
Predosed
Postdosee
Check-in
Predosed
Postdosee
Informed consent
X
Inclusion/exclusion
X
Demographics
X
Medical history
X
Acclimatization testf
X
Virology screening
X
Physical examinationg
X
X
Hand examinationh
X
X
X
X
Prior/concomitant medication
Height
X
Body weight
X
X
X
X
Urinalysis
X
Endocrinology
X
Serum chemistry/hematology/ 
coagulation
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Plasma serotonin blood drawi
X
X
X
X
X
X
Markers of vascular injury and 
endothelial dysfunctioni
X
X
X
X
X
X
PK blood drawi
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pregnancy testj
X
X
X
X
X
Urine drug screenk
X
X
X
X
Vital signs
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ECG
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Adverse event reporting


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Visita
Screening
Treatment Visit 1
Treatment Visit 2
Treatment Visit 3
Follow-Up
Visitb
Timepoint
Screenc
Check-in
Predosed
Postdosee
Check-in
Predosed
Postdosee
Check-in
Predosed
Postdosee
Randomization
X
Menstrual cycle monitoringl
X
X
X
Dietary and activity restriction 
monitoringm
X
X
X
Room temperature digital blood 
flow assessmentsn
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cold challenge and post-cold 
challenge digital blood flow 
assessmentso
X
X
X
Study treatment administrationp
X
X
X
Visual analogue scale for painq
X
X
X
a Treatment visits will be separated by a Washout period of at least 72 hours and a up to approximately 7 days between study treatment administrations. When possible, it is preferred to schedule 
Treatment Visits with the minimum possible Washout period between visits.
b The Follow-Up Visit will occur via phone call 4 (± 1) days after the final Treatment Visit (Treatment Visit 3) to assess for adverse events and any changes to concomitant medications. Site staff will 
work with subjects who withdraw early to obtain as much follow-up data as possible.
c The Screening Period will last for up to 28 days prior to Treatment Visit 1 (Day -28 to 1).
d Predose assessments are to occur on each Treatment Visit at approximately the same time of the day after the subject has acclimatized for at least 20 minutes in a temperature-controlled room 
(23 [± 1]°C).
e Postdose assessments are to occur at each Treatment Visit at 45 (± 5) minutes after study treatment administration and re-acclimatization for at least 20 minutes in a temperature-controlled room 
(23 [± 1]°C).
f Subjects are required to undergo acclimatization for at least 20 minutes in a temperature-controlled room (23 [± 1]°C) and IR thermography is used to assess digit temperature to determine eligibility.
g A full physical examination is performed per the site’s standard of care at Screening. A symptom-based physical exam is performed at the end of final Treatment Visit (Treatment Visit 3).
h An exam of the hands for digital ulcers is performed at each Treatment Visit at Check-in.
i Postdose PK and biomarkers blood samples will be collected after the post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessment are completed. Refer to Section 10.5 for further information on blood sample 
collection.
j Pregnancy tests are required for all women of child-bearing potential. A serum pregnancy test is performed at Screening to determine eligibility and at each Treatment Visit. Urine pregnancy tests with 
a negative result are required prior to dosing at each Treatment Visit. Results of the serum pregnancy test at each Treatment Visit are not required prior to dosing. A home pregnancy test will be 
performed as part of the Follow-Up Visit. 
k Urine drug screen at Screening is performed to determine eligibility. The results of subsequent urine drug screens are not required prior to initiating study conduct of each Treatment Visit. However, if 
at any time a subject test positive for any drug included in the urine drug screen, the subject may be discontinued from study treatment at the discretion of the Sponsor.
l The first day of the most recent menstrual cycle is documented at each Treatment Visit at Check-in.
m Subjects will be asked about their adherence to restrictions described in Section 5. Responses will be documented in the eCRF. 
n Room temperature digital blood flow is assessed at each Treatment Visit at Predose for 5 minutes and at Postdose for 5 minutes prior to the cold challenge. 
o The cold challenge is conducted at each Treatment Visit at after Postdose room temperature (pre-cold challenge) digital blood flow assessments by immersing the hands in temperature-controlled 
water bath (15 [± 1]°C) for 1 minute (± 3 seconds). The post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessments will begin 30 (± 10) seconds after the completion of the cold challenge and last for 
30 minutes. 
p Dosing is to occur at each Treatment Visit after completion of the Predose assessments.
q To be completed at each Treatment Visit at Postdose after completion of post-cold challenge digital blood flow assessments and blood draws.
ECG, electrocardiogram; eCRF, electronic case report form; IR, infrared; PK, pharmacokinetic


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Amendment 3.0
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APPENDIX 2:
TREATMENT VISIT FLOW OF ASSESSMENTS
DBF, Digital Blood Flow; ECG, electrocardiogram; PK, pharmacokinetic; VAS, visual analogue scale
1 DBF Assessment – pre-cold challenge DBF
2 DBF Assessment – post-cold challenge DBF
Note: Postdose assessments should begin 45 minutes (± 5) after study drug administration and re-acclimatization for at least 20 minutes in a 
temperature-controlled room (23°C [± 1°C]).


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Amendment 3.0
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APPENDIX 3:
INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE
Study title:
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 
Crossover Study to Assess the Effect of Oral Temanogrel on Digital Blood 
Flow in Subjects with Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic 
Sclerosis
Study number:
APD791-204
I have read the protocol described above. I agree to comply with all applicable regulations and to 
conduct the study as described in the protocol.
Investigator Signature
Date
Investigator Name and Credentials - Printed
Institution Name - Printed


 
APD791-204-Pharmacokinetic NTF, 28 December 2022 
Note to File Template Version 1.0, 28Aug2020 
 
Page 1 of 3
Note to File, Addendum 
Date: 
28 December 2022 
To: 
TMF 
From:  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Protocol No.: 
APD791-204 
Subject:  
Document the status of documents and outline plans for select post-database lock 
pharmacokinetic analyses 
Background: 
On 25 August 2022, the decision was made to discontinue development of the 
Arena cardiovascular programs, which includes APD791. 
As a result of the immediate termination, the biostatistics aspects related to 
finalizing documents (e.g., statistical analysis plan [SAP]) and other downstream 
activities pertaining to pharmacokinetic analyses were either immature and/or had 
not been established. These tasks would have taken significant time and resources 
by both the Arena and Medpace team to finalize, which was not feasible given the 
accelerated study close-out timeline, including the database lock (DBL) which 
occurred on 13 October 2022. The document here serves as the addendum to 
APD791-204 NTF (approved on 28 October 2022) to outline the plans for select 
post-database lock pharmacokinetic analyses. 
Final Status: 
 
Pharmacokinetic Analysis  
 
As per draft statistical analysis plan (SAP) v0.5 
 
Final pharmacokinetic parameters received from Medpace on December 16, 
2022 
 
Revised TFLs with updated numbering for Listings 16.2  were  received 
from Medpace on December 28, 2022  
 
Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics Analysis 
 
Development has not begun. 
 
Serotonin Analysis 
 
Development has not begun. 
 
Raw data for plasma serotonin concentrations were received on 19 October 
2022 
 
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APD791-204-Pharmacokinetic NTF, 28 December 2022 
Note to File Template Version 1.0, 28Aug2020 
 
Page 2 of 3
Deliverables & 
Analyses: 
Pharmacokinetic(PK)  parameters were estimated as per stated in SAP (v0.5) by 
Medpace Personnel. TFLs containing key pharmacokinetic information were 
produced as presented in Appendix A of this Note to File, Addendum. Arena 
utilized this existing report structure in place of SAP-based TFLs for the final 
report. 
Signatures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________
Distribution: 
  TMF or applicable document repository 
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APD791-204-Pharmacokinetic NTF, 28 December 2022 
Note to File Template Version 1.0, 28Aug2020 
 
Page 3 of 3
Appendix A – Table of Contents of APD791-204 Plasma Concentration Summary 
14.4.4.1.1
Summary of Plasma Temanogrel Concentrations (ng/mL) by Treatment and Visit
14.4.4.1.2
Summary of Plasma AR295980 (M1) Concentrations (ng/mL) by Treatment and Timepoint
14.4.4.1.3
Summary of Plasma AR295981 (M2) Concentrations (ng/mL) by Treatment and Timepoint 
16.2.8.3 
Plasma Temanogrel Pharmacokinetic Sample Collection 
16.2.8.4
Plasma AR295980 (M1) Pharmacokinetic Sample Collection
16.2.8.5
Plasma AR295981 (M2) Pharmacokinetic Sample Collection
 


 
APD791-204 Biostatistics NTF Amendment 1, 28 October 2022 
Note to File Template Version 1.0, 28Aug2020 
 
Page 1 of 3                             
 
Note to File (Amendment 1) 
 
Date: 
28 October 2022 
To: 
TMF 
From:  
 
 
 
 
 
Protocol No.: 
APD791-204 
Subject:  
Document the status of biometrics-related documents/processes and outline plan 
for select post-database lock safety and efficacy analyses 
 
Background: 
On 25 August 2022, the decision was made to discontinue development of the Arena 
cardiovascular programs, which includes APD791 (temanogrel). Enrollment into the 
ongoing clinical trial APD791-204 was terminated effective immediately and study 
team activities were reprioritized to focus and accelerate study close-out activities. 
For this study, the biostatistics, data management, and statistical programming 
deliverables and activities are outsourced to the clinical research organization (CRO) 
Medpace. 
As a result of the immediate termination, the biostatistics aspects related to finalizing 
documents (e.g., statistical analysis plan [SAP]) and other downstream activities are 
either immature and/or have not been established. These tasks would take significant 
time and resources by both the Arena and Medpace team to finalize, which is not 
feasible given the accelerated study close-out timeline, which includes the database 
lock (DBL) which occurred on 13 October 2022.  
Final Status: 
 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
 
Draft SAP (v0.5) 
 
Statistical Analysis Plan: Table, Listing, and Figure (TLF) Shells 
 
Draft TLF specifications (v0.2) 
 
CDISC Specifications and Datasets (aCRF/SDTM/ADaM) 
 
aCRF (dbCRF; based on protocol amendment v3.0) 
 
SDTM: Specifications and datasets by 04 November 2022  
 
ADaM: Draft specifications (development not yet begun) 
 
Statistical Analysis Plan: Table, Listing, and Figure (TLF) Programming 
 
Based on Programming Specifications (v1.0 dated 11 October 2022), the 
listings described in “Deliverables & Analyses” section will be produced. 
 
Define.xml 
 
Development has not begun for either SDTM or ADaM Defines 
 
 
 
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APD791-204 Biostatistics NTF Amendment 1, 28 October 2022 
Note to File Template Version 1.0, 28Aug2020 
 
Page 2 of 3                             
 
Reviewer’s Guide (SDTM/ADaM) 
 
Development has not begun for either SDTM or ADaM Reviewer’s Guides 
Unblinding 
Procedure: 
Following completion of the DBL sign-off form, the Medpace project statistician will 
circulate the Unblinding form for signature by Arena (Lead Study Statistician, Head 
of Biostatistics and Data Management) and by appropriate Medpace team members. 
The Medpace project statistician will then present both the signed DBL and 
Unblinding forms to the IRT group to document that the unblinded treatment 
assignments could be shared with the Biostatistics team for incorporation into the 
final database. The signed DBL and Unblinding forms will be included in TMF. 
Deliverables & 
Analyses: 
Since the SAP, CDISC ADaM data development, and statistical programming (e.g., 
dataset level, table level) will not be finalized, alternative solutions are being utilized 
to provide post-DBL safety and efficacy analyses.  
 
Following DBL, Medpace Biostatistics will produce the outputs based on raw 
datasets, both eCRF (EDC) and external non-CRF. The table of contents of the final 
outputs is contained in Appendix A. Upon approval of the Note to File Amendment 
1, any updates on TFL shells, including but not limited to titles, footnotes, headings, 
table re-numbering, and additional TFLs, are allowed without amendment. 
 
Efficacy analyses from laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and infrared 
thermography (IR) data obtained from the Medpace core lab will not be included in 
outputs described in this Note to File. Instead, efficacy analyses and reporting will be 
conducted separately and are not planned to be included in the clinical study report. 
Signatures:  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Distribution: 
☒  TMF or applicable document repository 
 
 
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APD791-204 Biostatistics NTF Amendment 1, 28 October 2022 
Note to File Template Version 1.0, 28Aug2020 
 
Page 3 of 3                             
Appendix A – Table of Contents of Final Report 
 
 
Table 1 Stage A. Subject Disposition (All screened Subjects) 
 
Table 2 Stage A. Subject Disposition (Full Analysis Set) 
 
Table 3 Stage A. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics (Full Analysis Set) 
 
Table 4 Stage A. Overview Summary of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) (Safety Set) 
 
Table 5 Stage A. Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) by System Organ Class and Preferred Term (Safety Set) 
 
Table 6 Stage A. Summary of Selected Laboratory Parameters – Chemistry, hematology, coagulation (Safety Set) 
 
Table 7 Stage A. Summary of 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (Safety Set) 
 
 
 Figure 1.1 Stage A. Plots of Vital Signs – SBP (mmHg) (Safety Set) 
 
 Figure 1.2 Stage A. Plots of Vital Signs – DBP (mmHg) (Safety Set) 
 
 Figure 1.3 Stage A. Plots of Vital Signs – Heart Rate (bpm) (Safety Set) 
 
 Figure 1.4 Stage A. Plots of Vital Signs – Respiratory Rate (resp/min) (Safety Set) 
 
 Figure 1.5 Stage A. Plots of Vital Signs – Body Temperature (C) (Safety Set) 
 
 
 
Listing 1 Stage A. Subject Disposition (Full Analysis Set) 
 
Listing 2 Stage A. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics (Full Analysis Set) 
 
Listing 3 Stage A. Disease History (Full Analysis Set) 
 
Listing 4 Stage A. Study Drug Administration (Safety Set) 
 
Listing 5 Stage A. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (Safety Set) 
 
Listing 6 Stage A. Abnormal 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (Safety Set) 
 
Listing 7 Stage A. Significant Abnormal Physical Exam Findings (Safety Set)