Clinical trial NCT03980184
Conditions: Substance Use Disorders
Sponsor: Yale University
Start date: 2019-11-01; Completion date: 2022-11-30
Enrollment: 74 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary:
Hypothesis: Guanfacine (GUA) (3mg/day) will reduce drug craving, improve cognitive flexibility and result in associated lower drug use in women with substance use disorder (SUD) in an outpatient clinical setting.

Detailed description:
This study proposes to extend previous Phase I experimental work to address the following specific aims: (1) assess GUA's target engagement of drug craving and cognitive flexibility in a laboratory challenge session and in a 10-week outpatient clinical study, (2) demonstrate target validation by showing that reduced drug craving and improved cognitive flexibility will predict lower drug use outcomes during the 10-week clinical trial in SUD women, and finally, (3) evaluate data replication and scalability of GUA target effects across two clinical sites (Yale and SUNY-Stony Brook).

Arms: arm 1: guanfacine 3mg/day (GUA) arm 2: placebo (PBO)
Interventions: intervention 1: Guanfacine intervention 2: Behavioral Counseling
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Guanfacine 3mg/day Versus Placebo intervention 2: placebo

Protocol documents:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
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HRP-503B – BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH PROTOCOL 
(2017-1)
Protocol Title: Guanfacine to Improve Substance Use Outcomes in Women
HIC#: 2000023100
Principal Investigator: Rajita Sinha PhD
Version Date: April 2018
(If applicable) Clinicaltrials.gov Registration #: Click or tap here to enter text.
SECTION I: RESEARCH PLAN
1.
Statement of Purpose: State the scientific aim(s) of the study, or the hypotheses to be tested. 
We hypothesize that Guanfacine (GUA) (3mg/day) will reduce drug craving, improve cognitive flexibility and 
result in associated lower drug use in women with substance use disorder (SUD) in an outpatient clinical 
setting. This study proposes to extend our previous Phase I experimental work to address the following 
specific aims: (1) assess GUA’s target engagement of drug craving and cognitive flexibility in a laboratory 
challenge session and in a 10-week outpatient clinical study, (2) demonstrate target validation by showing 
that reduced drug craving and improved cognitive flexibility will predict lower drug use outcomes during the 
10-week clinical trial in SUD women, and finally, (3) evaluate data replication and scalability of GUA target 
effects across two clinical sites (Yale and SUNY-Stony Brook). 
2.
Probable Duration of Project: State the expected duration of the project, including all follow-up and data 
analysis activities.  
3 years followed by 2-years data analysis
3.
Background: Describe the background information that led to the plan for this project. Provide references to 
support the expectation of obtaining useful scientific data.
Growing basic evidence indicates that the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, guanfacine (GUA) decreases drug-
related striatal-limbic up-regulation and stress sensitization resulting in drug cue and stress-induced 
reinstatement in laboratory animals (Shaham and Hope, 2005), and also improves neurocognitive abilities 
such as attention, flexibility, working memory and decision making (Arnsten, 2009). In NIDA-supported 
medications development work (R01-DA027130, PI: Sinha), we identified in a 3-day inpatient laboratory 
controlled experiment that GUA at 3mg/day dose engaged target drug craving and cognitive flexibility 
processes, and more importantly, that GUA engaged these key processes in a sex-specific manner with 
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positive effects in women but not in men (Fox et al., 2012; Sinha et al., 2011). Preliminary data also showed 
that GUA 3 mg/day (bid dosing) vs. placebo led to higher cocaine-negative urines in an 8-week outpatient 
setting only in women and not men. 
4.
Research Plan: Summarize the study design and research procedures using non-technical language that can 
be readily understood by someone outside the discipline. Be sure to distinguish between standard of care vs. 
research procedures when applicable, and include any flowcharts of visits specifying their individual times and 
lengths. Describe the setting in which the research will take place.
The current study will test GUA (3 mg/day) vs Placebo (PBO) in a 10-week clinical trial across 2 sites in a total 
of 100 SUD women. 
All participants will be titrated to steady-state medication levels over 2 weeks followed by a 7-week treatment 
period using a standard cognitive behavioral relapse prevention with medication management and 
contingency management (CM) for treatment attendance. A 5-day taper will be implemented in week 10. All 
participants will also take part in two laboratory challenge test sessions: one at pre-treatment (pre-tx) and 
one during week 9 of treatment, to assess provoked drug craving and cognitive flexibility under stress, drug 
cue and neutral cue conditions in a randomized and counterbalanced order.
Pre-treatment Intake Procedures: Following the initial telephone screening, eligible participants will meet 
with the research staff to obtain written informed consent. Subjects will complete 2-3 intake appointments, 
and during these appointments they will be consented, screened of substance use, and provide demographic 
and psychiatric data. Physical examinations, blood work, a urine test, and a breathalyzer test will also be 
completed. All subjects will meet with the study physician, and if deemed eligible, after discussion of risk and 
benefits, subjects will be randomized into the study.  
Randomization: Eligible subjects will then be randomized in a double blind manner to either placebo or 3 
mg/day (bid dosing) of GUA balancing the patients on age, education, race, ADHD and severity of drug use.
Medication Titration Period (wk 1-3): Following a 3-day abstinence period, a 2-week titration period, 
previously found to be safe and with only mild adverse effects (Fox et al., 2014; Fox et al., 2012; Milivojevic et 
al., 2017) will be initiated (see Table 1). 
Table 1: Dose Titration Schedule
 
Steady state period (wk 3-9 & medication taper (wk 10): Following titration, participants will continue taking 
medication as shown in Table 1 for seven weeks and with a 5-day taper in week 10 as used previously (Fox et 
al., 2012) and complete post treatment assessments. We have had no adverse events of medication 
B.I.D Dose 
(mg)
Day
1-3
Day
4-7
Day
8-11
Day
12-14
Week
3-9
Week 10
5 day taper
8AM
8PM
0
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.0 - 1.0 - 0.5 - 0.5 - 0
1.5 - 1.0 - 1.0 - 0.5 - 0
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discontinuation using this taper schedule.
Discontinuation or dose adjustment due to side effects: While we anticipate subjects will tolerate study 
medication well, should participants experience side effects attributable to medication, titration will be 
stopped at the highest tolerable dose. Our previous studies indicated that 3mg/day was tolerable with 
adverse events rated as minimal or mild. 
Medication compliance: Medication compliance will be assessed in multiple ways: 1) We will include 2X/daily 
cell/home phone prompts as a reminder to take study medication. This strategy has been successfully 
implemented in previous addiction trials (Kranzler et al., 2004); (Simpson et al., 2005). If a subject does not 
have a phone, a prepaid phone will be provided for the duration of the trial. 2) A riboflavin marker will be 
included in study medication and urines will be assessed by fluorescence at each study visit and quantitatively 
measured every other week. 3) We will assess GUA levels as in our previous study at week 3, 6 and 9. 
Importantly, we will explore the relationship between compliance and cocaine use outcomes. 
Laboratory Challenge Component: An identical laboratory challenge session will be conducted in the initial 
week of outpatient treatment Week 0, prior to medication, and again in Week 9.  Our standard imagery script 
development procedures will be used to develop the stress, drug cue and neutral relaxing imagery scripts. 
The stress imagery script will be based on participants’ description of a recent personal event experienced as 
"most stressful", and determined as such by rating it above 8 on a 10-point stress scale. These may include 
breakup with a significant other, marital conflict or job-related stress. A drug cue script will be developed 
based on situations involving people places and things pertaining to drug use that led to wanting drug and 
eventual drug use (e.g., meeting drug using friend, going by a favorite bar, etc). The neutral script will be 
developed from a personal non-alcohol-related relaxing situation. A 5-minute ‘script’ of each scenario will be 
written using Scene Construction Questionnaires (Sinha, 2009) where verbal and non-verbal responses, and 
physiological and bodily sensations regarding the events will be obtained. A script is then written following 
standard format and content procedures and scripts are then recorded onto audiotape for guided imagery in 
the laboratory sessions (Sinha, 2009). On the morning of the day prior to the initial laboratory session, 
participants will be brought into the testing room to receive training in relaxation and imagery procedures, as 
well as familiarize themselves with the subjective rating forms. The 10-min relaxation training will comprise 
muscle relaxation procedures in order to help subjects reach a relaxed state prior to imagery exposure during 
the laboratory sessions. 
The schedule of the laboratory challenge tests at pre-treatment in Week 0 and in week 8-9 is shown in Table 
2 below. Each laboratory session will take place over 2-hours in one afternoon, and comprise exposure to 3, 
5-minute personalized imagery conditions (stress, neutral, drug cue), presented in a randomized and 
counterbalanced order. In each case, all participants will be brought into the testing room at 2:45 PM. If 
needed, a smoke break will be given to control for nicotine withdrawal. An ambulatory EKG (Holter) monitor 
will be used to record vitals and heart rate variability (HRV).  After 10 minutes relaxation, drug craving, 
anxiety, mood, HRV and saliva will be collected at -10 and -5 minutes prior to imagery exposure. Subjects will 
then be given headphones and asked to imagine the situation being described, 'as if' they were actively 
participating in it at that moment. The script will be presented for exactly 5 minutes. All measures will be 
collected again immediately following imagery (0) and at +15 and +30 minutes recovery. The Stroop task will 
be administered at baseline and following imagery only. All participants will have 10 minutes of relaxation in 
between each of the three imagery sessions. All saliva will be placed on ice immediately, prior to storing at -
80. Relaxation instructions will be provided following exposure to all three imagery conditions in order to 
ameliorate any potential residual effects of stress. All staff and participants will be blind to the order of 
imagery presentation. Imagery script development, imagery training and relaxation techniques will be 
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conducted in the week prior to the laboratory sessions as per prior research (Sinha et al., 1999; Sinha et al., 
2000; Sinha et al., 2003) (Fox et al., 2008; Fox et al., 2005; Sinha et al., 2006; Sinha et al., 2011) and our 
standardized imagery procedures manual (Sinha and Tuit, 2012).
Table 2.  Laboratory Experimental Protocol (Eactly same for each of the two laboratory sessions).
2:45 PM
Subject arrived; urine and BAC check
Psychophysiological setup
Stress / Drug Cues (Condition 1)
3:00 PM
BASELINE PERIOD; on-line heart rate and anxiety ratings
3:05 PM
Craving and DES ratings; Cortisol samples
3:10 PM
IMAGE PERIOD; on-line heart rate and anxiety ratings
3:15 PM
Craving and DES ratings; Cortisol samples
3:20 PM
RECOVERY PERIOD; on-line heart rate and anxiety ratings
3:25 PM
Craving and DES ratings; Cortisol samples
3:30 PM
10-minute Relaxation Period
Neutral Imagery Condition (Condition 2)
3:40 PM
Schedule as in condition 1
Stress / Drug Cues (Condition 3)
4:20 PM
Schedule as in condition 1
Order of imagery conditions is counterbalanced across subjects.
Study Assessments: Assessments include the following:  
1) Sample description and eligibility including sociodemographics; psychosocial, substance use, and medical 
history; psychiatric assessment using the:
i) Structured Clinical Interview of Diagnostics (SCID-I) for DSM-V,(First et al., 1995), 
ii) Connors ADHD Assessment and Rating Scale (CAARS,(Conners, 1999)
iii) vitals
iv) CBC, blood chemistry
v) urinalysis 
v) pregnancy testing; 
2) Primary SUD outcomes assessed using the:
i) Substance Use Calendar (SUC) developed by Miller and Del Boca (Miller and Del Boca, 1994) and based on 
the Time-Line Follow-Back (Sobell and Sobell, 1992; Sobell et al., 1996) and urinalysis for objective drug use 
assessed 2X/weekly during the 10 week period (20 urines); 
3) Secondary Outcome Measures assessing drug craving using the standard brief versions of the Drug Craving 
questionnaires for cocaine (Cocaine Craving Questionnaire: CCQ,(Tiffany et al., 1993), cannabis (Marijuana 
Craving Questionnaire: MCQ, (Heishman et al., 2009)), alcohol (Alcohol Urges Questionnaire: AUQ, (Bohn et 
al., 1995) and nicotine (Questionnaire of Smoking Urges: QSU(Tiffany et al., 1993); (Tiffany and Drobes, 1991). 
Drug abstinence symptoms using standardized cocaine selective severity assessment (CSSA, (Kampman et al., 
1998), Clinical Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment-Revised (Sullivan et al., 1989); The Cannabis Withdrawal Scale 
(Allsop et al., 2011); and the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawing Scale (MNWS; (Hughes et al., 1986). Other drug 
use and drug related problems will be measured using the SUC; urinalysis; breathalyzer; the Addiction 
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Severity Index (ASI; (McLellan et al., 1992)) and Treatment Services Review (McLellan et al., 1992); stress 
(Perceived Stress Scale; (Cohen et al., 1983)); anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Ham-A; (Hamilton, 
1960)) and depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Ham-D, (Hamilton, 1960)). cognitive 
flexibility will be assessed using the Stroop Color Word Test; (Golden, 1975), 
4) Safety and Compliance Assessment using vital signs; the Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent 
Effects (SAFTEE; (Rabkin et al., 1992)) to assess adverse events; and medication compliance assessed using 
pills counts, riboflavin markers and plasma levels of GUA. Each of these instruments are widely used, state-of-
the-art and have strong psychometric properties. 
5) Predictor variables:
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1998) is a 28-item self-report inventory that provides 
a brief screening for histories of abuse and neglect. The CTQ will be administered at intake.
The Chronic Stress Checklist (CSC) adapted from the Cumulative Adversity Interview (Turner and Wheaton, 
1995) will be administered at intake. 
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) is a 14 item self-report assessing the 
degree to which situations are appraised as threatening or demanding. The PSS will be administered at intake 
and weekly. 
The Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS) (DERS) (Nock et al., 2008) is a 36-item questionnaire to provide a 
comprehensive measure of the difficulties in emotion regulation. The ERS (DERS) will be administered at 
intake and weekly.
6) Cognitive Control Testing for Executive Function: 
       The Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SHIPLEY) (Shipley, 1940) has been widely used to assess cognitive    
       functioning and impairment. The Shipley will be administered at the intake.
CANTAB (Cambridge Cognition, Inc) Battery will be administered during intake appointments and includes 
cognitive tests of executive function.  
7) Laboratory Challenge Assessments: 
Craving: Participants will rate the intensity of their desire to use primary and secondary drug of choice at the 
current time using a 10-point visual analog scale (0= “not at all” and 10= "extremely high").  Visual analog scales 
will also be administered for cocaine, cannabis, alcohol and nicotine craving. 
Anxiety: Participants will rate how “anxious, nervous and jittery” they feel at the current time using a 10-point 
visual analog scale anchored as above. Mood: Differential Emotion Scale (DES: (Izard, 1972)): comprises 30 
emotional words. Participants rate on a 5-point scale the extent to which each word describes current 
feelings.   
Cardiovascular:  An ambulatory ECG (Holter) GE Seer and Seer Lite recorders (digital sampling 125 sps) will be 
used to measure HRV, and recordings will be scanned using a GE Mars Ambulatory ECG system (PC, version 
7).  
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Saliva: Cortisol saliva samples will be collected using salivette tubes placed between their tongue and cheek 
for approximately 2–3 min until the swab is completely saturated. Samples will immediately be placed in ice 
subsequent to storage at -80 degrees. All samples will be assayed in duplicate at the Yale Core Laboratories.
Contingency management for treatment attendance and behavioral support: 
Twice weekly treatment attendance will be reinforced using standard contingency management (CM) 
procedures, which are known to greatly increase study compliance and attendance (Petry and Simcic, 2002; 
Roll et al., 2006; Stitzer and Petry, 2006). CM will be provided in the form of a “fishbowl” containing 500 
chips. Half of the chips have no monetary value but are imprinted with “good job,” 219 chips have a value of 
$1, 30 chips have a value of $25, and 1 chip has a value of $100. Upon completion of all requirements for a 
given visit, patients will receive fishbowl draws. Attendance at both weekly visits earns the patient bonus 
draws for that week. Failure to attend a visit without prior approval or failure to complete all visit 
requirements results in no draws earned for that visit and loss of bonus draws for that week. Participants will 
initially earn three draws per visit in week one with draws increasing by one each week. The weekly bonus 
draws will remain constant at 5 draws. Patients who attend all required visits will have the opportunity to 
make 264 draws from the fishbowl, for estimated earnings of $725 over 3 months. Subjects will also 
participate in weekly (45 minute) manualized cognitive behavioral relapse prevention therapy (Carroll et al., 
1991) integrated with Medication Management (MM), providing  advice and support from medical 
practitioners concomitantly with dispensing medications, safety checking and compliance (Pettinati, 2004). 
Relapse, d
5.
Genetic Testing   
N/A ☒
6.
Subject Population: Provide a detailed description of the types of human subjects who will be recruited into 
this study.
One hundred treatment seeking women with SUD (50 per site)
7. Subject classification: Check off all classifications of subjects that will be specifically recruited for enrollment in 
the research project. Will subjects who may require additional safeguards or other considerations be enrolled 
in the study? If so, identify the population of subjects requiring special safeguards and provide a justification 
for their involvement.
☐Children
☐ Healthy 
☐Fetal material, placenta, or dead fetus
☐Non-English Speaking
☐ Prisoners
☐Economically disadvantaged persons
☐Decisionally Impaired
☐ Employees
☐Pregnant women and/or fetuses
☐Yale Students 
☐ Females of childbearing potential
NOTE: Is this research proposal designed to enroll children who are wards of the state as potential subjects?
Yes ☐  No ☒ 
8. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: What are the criteria used to determine subject inclusion or exclusion?
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
Inclusion Criteria: 
i) 100 treatment seeking women
ii) Ages 18-55 years
iii) Body mass index (BMI) of 18-35 
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iv) Meet current DSM-V criteria for co-occurring SUDs, with primary DSM-V cocaine AND co-occurring cannabis 
or alcohol or nicotine use disorders; 
v) Positive drug urine toxicology screens for primary addictive disorder during a 2-week intake assessment 
period
vi) Good health as verified by screening examination
vii) Able to read English and complete study evaluations 
viii) Able to provide informed written and verbal consent 
Exclusion Criteria: 
i) Meet criteria for current SUD on other psychoactive substance, excluding cocaine, alcohol, nicotine or 
cannabis 
ii) Meet criteria for physiological dependence on alcohol requiring medical detoxification 
iii) Current use of opiates 
iv) Regular use of anticonvulsants, sedatives/hypnotics, prescription analgesics, other anti-hypertensives, anti-
arrythmics, antiretroviral medications, tricyclic antidepressants, naltrexone, disulfiram, and any other 
psychoactive medications with the exception of individuals stabilized on SSRIs 
v) Psychotic or otherwise severely psychiatrically disabled (i.e., suicidal, homicidal, current mania) 
vi) Significant underlying medical conditions which in the opinion of study physician would preclude patient 
from fully cooperating or be of potential harm during the course of the study
vii) Hypotensive women with sitting blood pressure below 100/50 mmHG
viii) Women who are pregnant, nursing or refuse to use a reliable form of birth control 
ix) EKG evidence at baseline screening of any clinically significant conduction abnormalities, including a 
Bazlett’s QT c>470 msec for women.
9. How will eligibility be determined, and by whom? Write here
Research staff will determine eligibility. Potential subjects will complete an initial telephone screening, and 
then be scheduled to meet with research staff to complete a brief screening. The screening will include 
questions on substance use, psychiatric history, an EKG, blood work and a urine test. Subjects will meet with 
the study physician for a physical examination.
  
10. Risks: Describe the reasonably foreseeable risks, including risks to subject privacy, discomforts, or 
inconveniences associated with subjects participating in the research. 
1) Risk associated with taking the study drug, Guanfacine
2) Risk of including subjects who are otherwise inappropriate 
3) The imagery procedure 
4) Increased risk for relapse
5) Increased risk to subject privacy
11. Minimizing Risks: Describe the manner in which the above-mentioned risks will be minimized.
1) Risk associated with taking the study drug, Guanfacine
Previous research established use of GUA in children with ADHD and tic disorders have used doses ranging 
from 1.5 to 4 mg/day (Hunt et al., 1995); (Scahill et al., 2001). Side effects that have occurred in clinical trials 
in adults with guanfacine include dry mouth, sedation, weakness, dizziness, impotence, and constipation. 
Hypotension and bradycardia may also occur. In the previous work with 3-week treatment of GUA (3mgs/day) 
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versus placebo, we found it to be safe and well tolerated. In the initial study (Fox et al., 2012), the most 
common side effects were mild tiredness and fatigue (guanfacine 24%; placebo: 8%) and headaches 
(guanfacine 18%; placebo 8%). All symptoms dissipated over time without further intervention. Side effects 
from a dose-ranging study comparing placebo, 2 and 3 mg/day of guanfacine (Fox et al., 2009) indicated mild 
symptoms which dissipated rapidly without intervention in 7/21 individuals in the placebo group (33.33%), 
5/12 individuals in the guanfacine (2mg) group (41.7%) and 4/11 individuals in the guanfacine (3mg) group 
(36.4%). Furthermore, there were no significant blood pressure differences across medication and placbeo 
groups. Also, there were no significant sex differences in reported side effects. There is no evidence that 
guanfacine will pose a greater risk in the proposed study sample than those previously reported. Importantly, 
patients will be seen in person on a weekly basis when information on any potential side effects will be 
collected; in case of any concerns, the study physician will be alerted immediately.
2) Risk of including subjects who are otherwise inappropriate 
The screening of subjects using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the comprehensive medical and 
psychiatric evaluation will minimize the risk of including subjects who are otherwise inappropriate. All 
subjects recruited will receive a comprehensive physical examination and laboratory blood work to ensure 
good physical health status. The physical examinations will be conducted by the study medical personnel, 
who will be aware of study entry criteria and will manage recruitment as well as physical and medical 
assessment for this study. Routine laboratory blood work (CBC, electrolytes, etc.) and blood samples for 
medication levels will be collected. Abnormal findings pertaining to physical health and blood chemistry will 
be evaluated further by the study physician and appropriate medical advice will be provided. These are 
routine medical procedures and should add no risks other than those normally associated with these 
procedures. However, the research staff, with advice from the study physician, will ensure that potential 
participants who may be excluded from research due to medical reasons or pregnancy, or who are in 
immediate need for medical or psychiatric attention, will be referred to primary care/psychiatric care facilities 
so they can receive the appropriate clinical care needed to address their condition. Breath screening and 
urine collections are performed primarily as safeguards to contamination of data and should add no risks 
other than those normally associated with these procedures. Pregnant women will be excluded from the 
study. Female subjects will be asked questions to assess the possibility of pregnancy, and if this information 
fails to establish that pregnancy is highly unlikely then a serum beta HCG pregnancy test will be done prior to 
participation. 
3) The imagery procedure
 Imagery exposure in the laboratory experiments involves reliving personalized stressful, drug cue and neutral 
relaxing events, while listening to the guided imagery scripts developed in a previous session.  Although this 
can be particularly emotionally arousing during the sessions themselves, our previous experience has shown 
that there is very little anxiety that carries over after the session, thus posing minimal risk. It is, however, 
possible that some drug craving and low mood may linger for a prolonged period following the laboratory 
sessions and in order to reduce these symptoms the following safeguards will be taken: (a) Subjects will 
participate in relaxation procedures to return craving levels to baseline after the laboratory sessions. We have 
found that the relaxation procedures are particularly effective in reducing craving levels after alcohol/drug 
cue exposure.  (b) To enhance response to relaxation procedures, subjects will also be trained on relaxation 
procedures prior to the laboratory sessions. (c) Any subject reporting residual craving or emotional 
discomfort after completion of laboratory sessions will receive an individual counseling session by the PI or 
her designee experienced in cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce cravings. The focus of this session will be 
coping with emotions and cravings.
4) Increased risk for relapse 
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In order to ensure that alcohol/substance abusing subjects are not at increased risk for relapse after 
completion of the lab experiments, the following safeguards will be taken:
(a) After completion of each lab session, subjects will be exposed to relaxation procedures to return craving 
levels to baseline. We have found that relaxation procedures are particularly effective in reducing craving 
levels after stress imagery (Sinha et al., 1999a.).
(b) To enhance their response to relaxation procedures, subjects will be trained on relaxation procedures in a 
session prior to the testing sessions.
5) Increased risk to subject privacy
To ensure private information regarding subjects is kept confidential, procedures outlined in the 
‘Confidentiality & Security of Data’ section will be followed. Participants in this study will be free to drop out 
at any time without penalty. All data will be kept confidential except in cases of imminent danger to the 
participants. Such limits to confidentiality will be clearly explained to participants verbally and in the written 
consent forms. Confidentiality in regard to collected materials will be maintained via a numbered reference 
system maintained by the investigators. Furthermore, good clinical and research practice procedures and 
HIPAA regulations will be followed.  
12. Data and Safety Monitoring Plan: Include an appropriate Data and Safety Monitoring Plan (DSMP) based on 
the investigator’s risk assessment stated below. (Note: the HIC will make the final determination of the risk to 
subjects.)
a. 
What is the investigator’s assessment of the overall risk level for subjects participating in this 
study? Greater than minimal risk
b.
If children are involved, what is the investigator’s assessment of the overall risk level for the 
children participating in this study? n/a
c.
Include an appropriate Data and Safety Monitoring Plan. Examples of DSMPs are  
available here http://your.yale.edu/policies-procedures/forms/420-fr-01-data-and-safety-
monitoring-plans-templates for
i.
Minimal risk
ii.
Greater than minimal
Greater Than Minimal Risk DSMP
1. Personnel responsible for the safety review and its frequency:
The principal investigator will be responsible for monitoring the data, assuring protocol compliance, and 
conducting the safety reviews at the specified frequency, which must be conducted at a minimum of every 6 
months (including when reapproval of the protocol is sought).  During the review process, the principal 
investigator (monitor) will evaluate whether the study should continue unchanged, require 
modification/amendment, or close to enrollment. Either the principal investigator, the IRB or NIH have the 
authority to stop or suspend the study or require modifications.
2. The risks associated with the current study are deemed greater than minimal for the following reasons: (choose 
those that apply)
1.
We do not view the risks associated with taking the study drug, Guanfacine as a minimal risk.
2.
Given the now established safety and validity of the current study drug in our prior work, we do not view 
the proposed studies as high risk.
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Although we have assessed the proposed study as one of greater than minimal risk, the potential exists for 
anticipated and/or unanticipated adverse events, serious or otherwise, to occur since it is not possible to predict 
with certainty the absolute risk in any given individual or in advance of first-hand experience with the proposed 
study methods. Therefore, we provide a plan for monitoring the data and safety of the proposed study as follows:
3. Attribution of Adverse Events:
Adverse events will be monitored for each subject participating in the study and attributed to the study 
procedures / design by the principal investigator (Dr. Rajita Sinha) according to the following categories:
a.) Definite: Adverse event is clearly related to investigational procedures(s)/agent(s).
b.) Probable: Adverse event is likely related to investigational procedures(s)/agent(s).
c.) Possible: Adverse event may be related to investigational procedures(s)/agent(s).
d.) Unlikely: Adverse event is likely not to be related to the investigational procedures(s)/agent(s).
e.) Unrelated: Adverse event is clearly not related to investigational procedures(s)/agent(s).
4. Plan for Grading Adverse Events:
The following scale will be used in grading the severity of adverse events noted during the study:
1.
Mild adverse event
2.
Moderate adverse event
3.
Severe 
5. Plan for Determining Seriousness of Adverse Events:
Serious Adverse Events:
In addition to grading the adverse event, the PI will determine whether the adverse event meets the criteria for a 
Serious Adverse Event (SAE).  An adverse event is considered serious if it results in any of the following outcomes:
1.
Death;
2.
A life-threatening experience in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; 
3.
A persistent or significant disability or incapacity; 
4.
A congenital anomaly or birth defect; OR
5.
Any other adverse event that, based upon appropriate medical judgment, may jeopardize the subject’s 
health and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in 
this definition. 
An adverse event may be graded as severe but still not meet the criteria for a Serious Adverse Event.  Similarly, an 
adverse event may be graded as moderate but still meet the criteria for an SAE.  It is important for the PI to 
consider the grade of the event as well as its “seriousness” when determining whether reporting to the IRB is 
necessary.
6. Plan for reporting UPIRSOs (including Adverse Events) to the IRB
The principal investigator will report the following types of events to the IRB: 
Any incident, experience or outcome that meets ALL 3 of the following criteria:
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1.
Is unexpected (in terms of nature, specificity, severity, or frequency) given (a) the research 
procedures described in the protocol-related documents, such as the IRB-approved protocol and 
informed consent document and (b) the characteristics of the subject population being studied; AND 
2.
Is related or possibly related to participation in the research (possibly related means there is a 
reasonable possibility that the incident, experience, or outcome may have been caused by the 
procedures involved in the research); AND
3.
Suggests that the research places subjects or others at greater risk of harm (including physical, 
psychological, economic, legal, or social harm) than was previously known or recognized.
Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to Subjects or Others (UPIRSOs) may be medical or non-medical in 
nature, and include – but are not limited to – serious, unexpected, and related adverse events and 
unanticipated adverse device effects.  Please note that adverse events are reportable to the IRB as UPIRSOs 
only if they meet all 3 criteria listed above.
These UPIRSOs/SAEs will be reported to the IRB in accordance with IRB Policy 710, using the appropriate forms 
found on the website. All related events involving risk but not meeting the prompt reporting requirements 
described in IRB Policy 710 should be reported to the IRB in summary form at the time of continuing review. If 
appropriate, such summary may be a simple brief statement that events have occurred at the expected frequency 
and level of severity as previously documented.  In lieu of a summary of external events, a current DSMB report 
can be submitted for research studies that are subject to oversight by a DSMB (or other monitoring entity that is 
monitoring the study on behalf of an industry sponsor).
7. Plan for reporting adverse events to co-investigators on the study, as appropriate the protocol’s research 
monitor(s), e.g., industrial sponsor, Yale Cancer Center Data and Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC), Protocol 
Review Committee (PRC), DSMBs, study sponsors, funding and regulatory agencies, and regulatory and decision-
making bodies.
For the current study, the following individuals, funding, and/or regulatory agencies will be notified (choose those 
that apply):
x All Co-Investigators listed on the protocol.
□ Yale Cancer Center Data and Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC)
x National Institutes of Health
□ Food and Drug Administration (Physician-Sponsored IND #_______)
□ Medical Research Foundation (Grant______)
□ Study Sponsor
□ Other Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) or Committee (DSMC)
The principal investigator (Dr. Rajita Sinha) will conduct a review of all adverse events upon completion of every 
study subject. The principal investigator will evaluate the frequency and severity of the adverse events and 
determine if modifications to the protocol or consent form are required.
d. For multi-site studies for which the Yale PI serves as the lead investigator:
i.
How will adverse events and unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others be 
reported, reviewed and managed? Dr. Schlager will serve as the medical monitor and oversee 
adverse event reports and all medical questions for both sites.
ii.
What provisions are in place for management of interim results? Write here
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iii.
What will the multi-site process be for protocol modifications? Any modifications made to the 
protocol for one site, will be duplicated and submitted to the second site.
13. Statistical Considerations: Describe the statistical analyses that support the study design. 
Data Management:  Data entry will be conducted using the Web-based REDCAP direct data entry system. Both 
sites are fully trained and running with REDCAP and have implemented this platform in clinical outcome studies 
with SUD samples. Utilizing the REDCAP system will allow data to be directly collected into the Yale managed web-
based system across sites with no identifying information transmitted over the internet.  Field validation (e.g. no 
out of range/invalid responses accepted) and form validation (e.g. logically impossible responses to different 
questions) are built into the REDCAP system and the study data manager will conduct weekly quality control and 
data management. After online reviews, the data are archived onto servers and password protected with only 
certain members of the team having appropriate level of data access. All quality control and management issues 
will be addressed immediately and also discussed in the across site weekly study meetings.
Data Analysis:  Data analysis will be performed under the direction of Project PIs in consultation with Dr. Ralitza 
Geuorgueiva, the Yale biostatistician.  Screening for data entry errors, outlier checks and assessment of missing data 
and testing of normality assumptions will be conducted. Transformations will be applied as necessary. We will 
compare the treatment groups on demographic and clinical variables using t-tests/chi-square analyses as appropriate. 
If any group differences are found, the specific variable will be entered as a covariate in all specific analyses. For the 
primary outcome, we will use significance level of 0.05. Significance levels for secondary outcomes will be adjusted 
using Bonferroni correction for number of analyses performed.  
Adequacy of Sample Size: Sample size estimates are limited by the fact that there are no previous clinical 
outcome studies of GUA/PBO in SUD women. As shown in above, data from our previous work with GUA yielded 
highly significant sex X med group effects for target engagement measures of drug craving and Stroop 
improvements with moderate to high effect sizes (f’s ranging from 0.39-1.22). Using the GUA/PBO preliminary 
data from the 8-week pilot trial, percent of negative cocaine urines were 40.18% versus 67.86% in PBO vs GUA for 
the whole group (large effect size d=0.76), with 53.12% versus 100% for PBO vs. GUA in women (d=1.0) and 35% 
vs 55% negative urines in placebo vs guanfacine in men (d=0.628). Thus, assuming power=0.80, and at p<0.05, α 
level of 0.05, sample size estimates indicate that we will need 40 subjects per cell (Medgroup) to assess GUA/PBO 
in clinical outcome hypotheses in Aim 2 and Aim 3. This sample size allows for detection of medium effect sizes 
(f=0.25, Cohen) with more than 80% power assuming α level of 0.05 for the main effect of medication group on 
the primary outcome variable. Assuming an α level of 0.01 to correct for multiple tests for the secondary outcome 
measures we can detect effects in the medium range (f=0.28) with 80% power for all the main effects for 
secondary outcome variables. Including a 20% attrition rate, we propose an N=50 per group for a total N of 100 
(50 per site).
SECTION II: RESEARCH INVOLVING DRUGS, BIOLOGICS, RADIOTRACERS, PLACEBOS AND DEVICES
If this section (or one of its parts, A or B) is not applicable, check off N/A and delete the rest of the section.
A.  RADIOTRACERS
☒N/A
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B.  DRUGS/BIOLOGICS    ☐N/A
1.
If an exemption from IND filing requirements is sought for a clinical investigation of a drug product that is 
lawfully marketed in the United States, review the following categories and complete the category that 
applies (and delete the inapplicable categories):
Exempt Category 1: The clinical investigation of a drug product that is lawfully marketed in the United States 
can be exempt from IND regulations if all of the following are yes: 
1.
The intention of the investigation is NOT to report to the FDA as a well-controlled study in support 
of a new indication for use or to be used to support any other significant change in the labeling for 
the drug.
☒
2.
The drug that is undergoing investigation is lawfully marketed as a prescription drug product, and 
the intention of the investigation is NOT to support a significant change in the advertising for the 
product.
☒
3.
The investigation does NOT involve a route of administration or dosage level or use in populations 
or other factor that significantly increases the risks (or decreases the acceptability of the risks) 
associated with the use of the drug product
☒
2.
The investigation will be conducted in compliance with the requirements for institutional (HIC) 
review and with the requirements for informed consent of the FDA regulations (21 CFR Part 50 and 
21 CFR Part 56).
☒
3.
The investigation will be conducted in compliance with the requirements regarding promotion and 
charging for investigational drugs.
☒
2. Background Information: Provide a description of previous human use, known risks, and data addressing 
dosage(s), interval(s), route(s) of administration, and any other factors that might influence risks. If this is the first 
time this drug is being administered to humans, include relevant data on animal models. 
In a previous medication development project (R01-DA27132, PI: Sinha), we conducted a human laboratory study 
to assess GUA dosing and its effects on provoked craving, anxiety stress physiology and cognitive flexibility. Men 
and women with Cocaine Use Disorder and co-occurring substance abuse (non opiates), were admitted on an 
inpatient treatment unit and treated with GUA or placebo (PBO) using a 14-day titration in a randomized double 
blind manner (Fox and Sinha, 2014). Guanfacine at 2 mgs/day versus placebo was able to lower peripheral 
sympathetic arousal and drug cue-induced craving but did not address stress-induced drug craving in 42 SUD men 
and women (25). Basal attenuation in norepinephrine (p<.05), heart rate (p=.001), and blood pressure (SBP: 
p<.02; DBP: p=.01) was seen in men and women given GUA, compared with the placebo group.  
In preparation for the proposed study, Dr. Sinha compared guanfacine (3mg/day) versus placebo in a randomized, 
double blind laboratory study of SUD men (N=29) and women (N=13). After the 14-day dosing titration period and 
at the full 3mgs/day dose, participants were exposed to 3, 10-minute personalized guided imagery procedures (i) 
stress, (ii) drug cue, (iii) combined stress / cue, one per day, across three consecutive days in a randomized and 
counterbalanced order (Fox et al., 2014); (Fox and Sinha, 2014). Guanfacine was found to be safe and well 
tolerated in both men and women. Drug Group X Sex X Time-point interactions were observed for cocaine 
craving, alcohol craving and anxiety indicating attenuation of Drug craving (cocaine, nicotine and alcohol) as well 
as anxiety was observed in guanfacine compared with the placebo group immediately following all three 
provocation conditions, but only in the women not the men. A Drug Group X Sex interaction for negative mood, 
again indicated a decrease in negative affect following all three imagery conditions and time-points in the SUD 
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women on GUA but not men (106). Guanfacine also attenuated basal heart rate in males and females, but to a 
greater extent in females and decreased stress-induced heart rate in SUD women only. In contrast, a main effect 
of Drug Group for nicotine craving showed that guanfacine was able to reduce craving in both men and women 
administered guanfacine compared with placebo. Dr. Sinha also assessed the Stroop task at baseline and 
immediately following exposure to all three provoked imagery conditions (stress, stress/cue, cue/cue). Findings 
indicated that GUA (3mgs/day) improved stress and cue- provoked Stroop performance relative to placebo but 
only in women and not in men. 
In the previous work with 3-week treatment of GUA (3mgs/day) versus placebo discussed above, Dr. Sinha found 
it to be safe and well tolerated. In the initial study (25), the most common side effects were mild tiredness and 
fatigue (guanfacine 24%; placebo: 8%) and headaches (guanfacine 18%; placebo 8%). All symptoms dissipated 
over time without further intervention. Side effects from a dose-ranging study comparing placebo, 2 and 3 
mg/day of guanfacine (26) (106) indicated mild symptoms which dissipated rapidly without intervention in 7/21 
individuals in the placebo group (33.33%), 5/12 individuals in the guanfacine (2mg) group (41.7%) and 4/11 
individuals in the guanfacine (3mg) group (36.4%). Furthermore, there were no significant blood pressure 
differences across medication and placebo groups. Also, there were no significant sex differences in reported side 
effects. 
In preparation for this proposal, Dr. Sinha conducted a randomized, double-blind, 8-week pilot study of GUA 
(3mgs/day) with treatment seeking CUD men and women (n=7: 5M/2F) vs placebo (n=7: 4M/3F). Using the same 
16-day titration schedule used previously and proposed in the current project, GUA plasma levels were assessed 
as at weeks 4 and 8 in the outpatient study as well as in the inpatient study described above. GUA levels obtained 
in the outpatient pilot were comparable to levels to those from the inpatient study described above. These data 
suggest that generic GUA with bid dosing was acceptable, and patients showed high medication compliance in the 
outpatient setting. 
Together, data indicates guanfacine 3 mg/day to be safe and tolerable with regard to assessing target 
engagement and validation across multiple sites in SUD women.          
                                          
3. 
Source:  Identify the source of the drug or biologic to be used. 
GUA pills will be obtained from Watson Pharmaceuticals by the Investigational Drug Service (IDS) at Yale-New 
Haven Hospital (YNHH). The research pharmacist will make up identical active and placebo capsules for 
medication administration for both sites. Medications will be shipped to Stony Brook from Yale for randomization 
and dispensing at the Stony Brook site. Medication administration will occur at 8am and 8pm each day to 
standardize the time of administration.
a)
Is the drug provided free of charge to subjects? ☒YES 
☐NO 
If yes, by whom? IDS at YNHH
1.
Storage, Preparation and Use: Describe the method of storage, preparation, stability information, and for 
parenteral products, method of sterilization and method of testing sterility and pyrogenicity.
 Yale research staff will pick up the prepared capsule blister packs from IDS and disperse to subjects at their 
outpatient appointments.
Check applicable Investigational Drug Service utilized:
    ☒  YNHH IDS                                                        ☐  CMHC Pharmacy                                           ☐ West Haven VA
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    ☐  PET Center                                                      ☐    None      
    ☐  Other: 
Note: If the YNHH IDS (or comparable service at CMHC or WHVA) will not be utilized, explain in detail how the PI 
will oversee these aspects of drug accountability, storage, and preparation.  
2.
Use of Placebo: 
☐Not applicable to this research project
If use of a placebo is planned, provide a justification which addresses the following:
a)
Describe the safety and efficacy of other available therapies. If there are no other available therapies, state 
this.
 No other available FDA medications for co-occurring SUDs in women, thus use of placebo is justified.
b)
State the maximum total length of time a participant may receive placebo while on the study. 
10 weeks
c)
Address the greatest potential harm that may come to a participant as a result of receiving placebo. 
No known risks
d)
Describe the procedures that are in place to safeguard participants receiving placebo. 
n/a
3.
Continuation of Drug Therapy After Study Closure   ☒Not applicable to this project
Are subjects provided the opportunity to continue to receive the study drug(s) after the study has ended?
☐ Yes   If yes, describe the conditions under which continued access to study drug(s) may apply as well as 
conditions for termination of such access.  Write here
☐ NO   If no, explain why this is acceptable. Write here
 B.  DEVICES
 ☐N/A
SECTION III: RECRUITMENT/CONSENT AND ASSENT PROCEDURES 
1. Targeted Enrollment: Give the number of subjects: 
a.
Targeted for enrollment at Yale for this protocol: 50
b.
If this is a multi-site study, give the total number of subjects targeted across all sites: 100
2.
Indicate recruitment methods below.  Attach copies of any recruitment materials that will be used.
☒Flyers
☒ Internet/web postings
☐ Radio
☒ Posters
☒ Mass email solicitation
☐ Telephone
☒ Letter
☐ Departmental/Center website
☐ Television
☐ Medical record review* 
☐ Departmental/Center research boards
☐ Newspaper
☐ Departmental/Center newsletters
☐ Web-based clinical trial registries
☒ Clinicaltrails.gov 
☒ YCCI Recruitment database
☒ Social Media (Twitter/Facebook): 
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☐ Other: 
* Requests for medical records should be made through JDAT as described at 
http://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/oncore/availableservices/datarequests/datarequests.aspx
3.  Recruitment Procedures: 
a. Describe how potential subjects will be identified. 
Participants for the Yale site will be recruited for this study via on-line, posting flyers in the area, and via the 
Yale Stress Center Recruitment Network. The Network includes large primary care facilities such as the Adult 
Primary Care Clinic at Yale-New Haven Hospital (5000 patients/yr), Fair Haven Community Health Center and 
Greater New Haven area addiction treatment facilities and one of the largest family and child guidance 
services centers in New Haven (Clifford Beers Clinic) especially useful for recruitment of women, as established 
previously through our Stress and Addiction Women’s Health and Addiction Center (P50-DA016556).
Dr. Fox at SUNY Stony Brook has established recruitment of SUD samples specifically women for her research 
through the Stony Brook Hospital system’s secure Cerner Millennium electronic health records (EHR) system, 
the Emergency Room (ER) and Psychiatric ER departments, and the New York state supported Addictions 
Treatment Facilities for the Long Island region, in an addition to posting on-line ads and posting flyers in the 
area.
b. Describe how potential subjects are contacted. 
Potential subjects will contact us via our toll free phone number and be screened by research staff as detailed 
in HIC protocol 911006003: Telephone Screening and Repository for Stress and Lifestyle Behaviors (Trialdb).
c.
Who is recruiting potential subjects? Research staff at the Yale Stress Center (HIC 911006003).
4. Assessment of Current Health Provider Relationship for HIPAA Consideration:
Does the Investigator or any member of the research team have a direct existing clinical relationship with any 
potential subject? 
☐Yes, all subjects
☐Yes, some of the subjects
☒No
If yes, describe the nature of this relationship. Write here
5. Request for waiver of HIPAA authorization: (When requesting a waiver of HIPAA Authorization for either the 
entire study, or for recruitment purposes only.  Note: if you are collecting PHI as part of a phone or email 
screen, you must request a HIPAA waiver for recruitment purposes.)
Choose one: 
☐ For entire study 
☒ For recruitment/screening purposes only
☐ For inclusion of non-English speaking subject if short form is being used and there is no translated HIPAA 
research authorization form available on the University’s HIPAA website at hipaa.yale.edu.
i.
Describe why it would be impracticable to obtain the subject’s authorization for use/disclosure of this 
data: We are collecting PHI as part of a phone screen.
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ii.
If requesting a waiver of signed authorization, describe why it would be impracticable to obtain the 
subject’s signed authorization for use/disclosure of this data: Write here
The investigator assures that the protected health information for which a Waiver of Authorization has been 
requested will not be reused or disclosed to any person or entity other than those listed in this application, except 
as required by law, for authorized oversight of this research study, or as specifically approved for use in another 
study by an IRB.
Researchers are reminded that unauthorized disclosures of PHI to individuals outside of the Yale HIPAA-Covered 
entity must be accounted for in the “accounting for disclosures log”, by subject name, purpose, date, recipients, 
and a description of information provided.  Logs are to be forwarded to the Deputy HIPAA Privacy Officer.
6.
Process of Consent/Assent: Describe the setting and conditions under which consent/assent will be obtained, 
including parental permission or surrogate permission and the steps taken to ensure subjects’ independent 
decision-making. 
Following the initial telephone screening conducted as part of the Yale Stress Center telephone screening 
protocol (HIC protocol 0911006003), eligible participants will meet with a research assistant to obtain 
informed consent. 
7.
Evaluation of Subject(s) Capacity to Provide Informed Consent/Assent: Indicate how the personnel obtaining 
consent will assess the potential subject’s ability and capacity to consent to the research being proposed. 
After the participant has read over the consent form, research staff will further explain the study, including 
the risks involved. Research staff will ask the potential subject how well they understood the consent, and 
answer questions they may have. Subjects who are under the influence of alcohol will not be consented at 
that time.
8.
Non-English Speaking Subjects: Explain provisions in place to ensure comprehension for research involving 
non-English speaking subjects. If enrollment of these subjects is anticipated, translated copies of all consent 
materials must be submitted for approval prior to use. 
Non-English speaking individuals will not be recruited for this study
As a limited alternative to the above requirement, will you use the short form* for consenting process if you 
unexpectedly encounter a non-English speaking individual interested in study participation and the translation of 
the long form is not possible prior to intended enrollment?  YES ☐  NO ☒
9.
Consent Waiver: In certain circumstances, the HIC may grant a waiver of signed consent, or a full waiver of 
consent, depending on the study. If you will request either a waiver of consent, or a waiver of signed consent for 
this study, complete the appropriate section below.  
☐Not Requesting any consent waivers 
☒Requesting a waiver of signed consent:
☒ Recruitment/Screening only (if for recruitment, the questions in the box below will apply to 
recruitment activities only)
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☐ Entire Study (Note that an information sheet may be required.)
 For a waiver of signed consent, address the following:
Would the signed consent form be the only record linking the subject and the research?  YES ☐  NO ☒ 
Does a breach of confidentiality constitute the principal risk to subjects? YES ☐  NO ☒
 
OR
Does the research pose greater than minimal risk? YES ☐    NO☐ 
Does the research include any activities that would require signed consent in a non-research context? YES ☐   
NO ☐
 ☐ Requesting a waiver of consent:
☐ Recruitment/Screening only (if for recruitment, the questions in the box below will apply to 
recruitment activities only)
☐ Entire Study 
 
For a full waiver of consent, please address all of the following:

Does the research pose greater than minimal risk to subjects?  
☐ Yes If you answered yes, stop. A waiver cannot be granted.  
☐ No

Will the waiver adversely affect subjects’ rights and welfare? YES ☐    NO☐

Why would the research be impracticable to conduct without the waiver? Write here

Where appropriate, how will pertinent information be returned to, or shared with subjects at a later date? 
Write here
SECTION IV: PROTECTION OF RESEARCH SUBJECTS
    Confidentiality & Security of Data:
1.
What protected health information (medical information along with the HIPAA identifiers) about subjects will 
be collected and used for the research?   
Results of the physical examination, psychological assessments, self-reports, and data collected during the lab 
sessions will be collected and used for research. The proposed study will be conducted by specialized and 
trained research staff using standardized biophysiological and psychosocial assessments. Data collected and 
analyzed in the study will be derived from three main sources (1) semi-structured clinical interviews and self-
rating scales: psychiatric history, medical history, levels of alcohol and substance use and demographic self-
reports of age, race, socioeconomic status, marital status, educational and occupational levels. (2)  
Biophysiological data: includes heart rate, blood pressure, saliva and plasma HPA axis markers (cortisol and 
ACTH). Additionally, health checks prior to enrollment will comprise a physical examination and blood work. (3) 
Urine and breathalyzer data: will be used to confirm alcohol and substance use.  It will be collected at intake 
and during weekly appointments.  
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2.
How will the research data be collected, recorded and stored? 
Research data will be collected on paper assessments and using Yale University’s REDCap system.  All research 
data is stored in two places--one as a hardcopy in a locked file, with records identified only by the participant’s 
study number, and the second in computerized databases protected by two-level password systems on Yale 
encrypted desktop computers.
3.
How will the digital data be stored? ☐CD  ☐DVD  ☐Flash Drive  ☐Portable Hard  Drive   ☒Secured Server  
☐Laptop Computer  ☒Desktop Computer  ☐Other
4.
What methods and procedures will be used to safeguard the confidentiality and security of the identifiable 
study data and the storage media indicated above during and after the subject’s participation in the study? 
Upon enrollment, all study subjects will be assigned a unique study number. The study number—and no 
personal identifiers—will be used as labels for study records, samples and any other related research 
documentation. All electronic and digital files will be stored on the secure Yale network, and the PC accessing 
the network will be password protected and encrypted. All paper files, such as consent forms, will be stored in 
a locked file cabinet in a locked office and access is limited to members of the study research team.
All portable devices must contain encryption software, per University Policy 5100.  If there is a technical reason a 
device cannot be encrypted please submit an exception request to the Information Security, Policy and Compliance 
Office by clicking on url http://its.yale.edu/egrc or email it.compliance@yale.edu
5.
What will be done with the data when the research is completed? Are there plans to destroy the identifiable 
data? If yes, describe how, by whom and when identifiers will be destroyed. If no, describe how the data and/or 
identifiers will be secured. 
Upon completion of study and data analysis, a professional information protection, storage, and disposal 
company will be retained to dispose of research files and informed consent documentation.
6.
If appropriate, has a Certificate of Confidentiality been obtained? 
As this study will be NIH funded, we expect that a CoC will be issued as outlined in the new NIH policy. 
SECTION V: POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Potential Benefits: Identify any benefits that may be reasonably expected to result from the research, either to 
the subject(s) or to society at large. (Payment of subjects is not considered a benefit in this context of the risk 
benefit assessment.) 
All patients will receive free empirically validated cognitive behavioral relapse prevention and medical management. 
However, because they will be in an experimental protocol with a medication that may not have direct benefits to the 
individual participant, subjects will be offered payment for completions of research assessments during the 10-week 
trial.  Subjects will also receive vouchers for treatment attendance in the 10-week trial.  Monitoring substance use, as 
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well as providing referrals and inpatient treatment may be helpful to those at risk in the short-term. In addition, 
the potential long-term benefits of the proposed research to the participants and to their community are great. 
Identifying some of the mechanisms underlying relapse in salient sub-populations of individuals with substance 
use disorders will assist in the development of customized, efficacious remedies. These could potentially include a 
broad range of medications and behavioral therapies. 
 
         SECTION VI: RESEARCH ALTERNATIVES AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
1.
Alternatives: What other alternatives are available to the study subjects outside of the research? 
Subjects need not participate in this study to receive treatment for SUD.
2.
Payments for Participation (Economic Considerations): Describe any payments that will be made to subjects, 
the amount and schedule of payments, and the conditions for receiving this compensation.
Participants will receive $25 compensation for all the screening visits, $5 a week for returning unused study 
medication, and $25 at weeks 4, 8 and 10. Subjects will be compensated $2 per day for completing the daily 
MetricWire smartphone app surveys, and a $6 bonus for completing all 7 surveys for the week. Subjects will also 
receive vouchers for treatment attendance. The fishbowl contingency management procedure described above 
will be used to enhance treatment retention. Participants can earn a total of 264 draws during the course of the 
study, for estimated earnings of $725. If needed, subjects will also receive bus passes and parking validation 
stickers to help cover transportation costs to attend appointments.
Screening visits: ($25)
Returned medication: 10 x $5 ($50)
$25 bonus at weeks 4, 8, and 10: ($75)
MetricWire: 10 x $20: ($200)
CM fishbowl: max ($725)
Total: $1075
3.
Costs for Participation (Economic Considerations): Clearly describe the subject’s costs associated with 
participation in the research, and the interventions or procedures of the study that will be provided at no cost 
to subjects. 
All parts of the research process will be provided at no cost to the subjects.
4.
In Case of Injury: This section is required for any research involving more than minimal risk, and for minimal 
risk research that presents the potential for physical harm (e.g., research involving blood draws).
a.
Will medical treatment be available if research-related injury occurs? Medical therapy will be 
offered for any physical injuries sustained as a consequence of participation in this research
b.
Where and from whom may treatment be obtained? Any licensed facility / practitioner
c.
Are there any limits to the treatment being provided? No
d.
Who will pay for this treatment? The subject and their insurance carrier will be responsible for 
the cost of treatment. Financial compensation for injury is not available.  
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e.
How will the medical treatment be accessed by subjects? 
IMPORTANT REMINDERS
Will this study have a billable service?  Yes ☐ 
 No☒
A billable service is defined as any service rendered to a study subject that, if he/she was not on a study, would 
normally generate a bill from either Yale-New Haven Hospital or Yale Medical Group to the patient or the patient’s 
insurer. The service may or may not be performed by the research staff on your study, but may be provided by 
professionals within either Yale-New Haven Hospital or Yale Medical Group (examples include x-rays, MRIs, CT 
scans, specimens sent to central labs, or specimens sent to pathology). Notes: 1. There is no distinction made 
whether the service is paid for by the subject or their insurance (Standard of Care) or by the study’s funding 
mechanism (Research Sponsored). 2. This generally includes new services or orders placed in EPIC for research 
subjects. 
If answered, “yes”, this study will need to be set up in OnCore, Yale’s clinical research management system, for 
Epic to appropriately route research related charges. Please contact oncore.support@yale.edu
Are there any procedures involved in this protocol that will be performed at YNHH or one of its affiliated entities?  
Yes ☐  No ☒ 
If Yes, please answer questions a through c and note instructions below.  
a. Does your YNHH privilege delineation currently include the specific procedure that you will perform? Yes ☐  No 
☐
b. Will you be using any new equipment or equipment that you have not used in the past for this procedure? Yes 
☐  No ☐
c. Will a novel approach using existing equipment be applied? Yes ☐  No ☐
 
If you answered “no” to question 4a, or "yes" to question 4b or c, please contact the YNHH Department of 
Physician Services (688-2615) for prior approval before commencing with your research protocol.
IMPORTANT REMINDER ABOUT RESEARCH AT YNHH 
Please note that if this protocol includes Yale-New Haven Hospital patients, including patients at the HRU, the 
Principal Investigator and any co-investigators who are physicians or mid-level practitioners (includes PAs, APRNs, 
psychologists and speech pathologists) who may have direct patient contact with patients on YNHH premises 
must have medical staff appointment and appropriate clinical privileges at YNHH. If you are uncertain whether 
the study personnel meet the criteria, please telephone the Physician Services Department at 203-688-2615. By 
submitting this protocol as a PI, you attest that you and any co-investigator who may have patient contact has a 
medical staff appointment and appropriate clinical privileges at YNHH.
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ICF_001.pdf: 
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COMPOUND AUTHORIZATION AND CONSENT FOR PARTICIPATION IN A 
RESEARCH PROJECT
200 FR. 4 (2016-2) 
                                       YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE  
Study Title: Guanfacine to Improve Substance Use Outcomes in Women 
Principal Investigator: Rajita Sinha, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209 New Haven CT
Funding Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH/DHHS
Invitation to Participate and Description of Project
You are invited to take part in a research study designed to look at the effects of a study medication on your 
craving, thinking and substance use. You have been asked to take part because it is our understanding that 
you are seeking treatment for your substance use. Approximately 100 people will be recruited for this study.
In order to decide whether or not you wish to be a part of this research study you should know enough about 
its risks and benefits to make an informed decision.  This consent form gives you detailed information about 
the study, which a member of the research team will discuss with you. This discussion should go over all 
aspects of this research: its purpose, the procedures that will be performed, any risks of the procedures, and 
possible benefits. Once you understand the study, you will be asked if you wish to participate; if so, you 
will be asked to sign this form.
Purpose
The purpose of this research study is to see if the study medication called Guanfacine reduces the 
desire to use substances (including alcohol), and also reduces substance use in individuals who are 
dependent on substances, such as cocaine, alcohol, marijuana and nicotine. You may only be using 
some of these substances. You may or may not experience craving for substances when you are in 
stressful, neutral or substance-related situations. We will check your craving and mood to see the 
effect that these situations may have on your substance craving. Guanfacine is an FDA approved 
medication that has been used to treat Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and tic 
disorders in children. It has been also used for other indications for which it is not FDA approved. 
One of these is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We are trying to see if it will prevent or reduce 
substance use relapse related to stress. These findings may also help us understand the physical and 
mental effects of stress, so as to better understand the factors that lead to substance use and relapse.
In addition, the purpose of this study is to determine if Guanfacine can be used in combination with 
standard substance abuse treatment to prevent relapse, and increase compliance with treatment.
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Description of Procedures
If you agree to take part in this study, and after the intake, you will be seen two times a week at 
the Yale Stress Center (YSC) at 2 Church Street South for 10 weeks. While being seen at the YSC, 
you will be offered outpatient substance abuse treatment, as well as urine screens and 
breathalyzers.
Intake procedures
If you agree to take part in this study, you will be asked to complete 2-3 intake appointments. 
Intake appointments take approximately 1.5 hours to complete. During these appointments we will 
ask questions about your substance use, demographics and health history. You will also complete 
a physical examination and blood work to ensure that all inclusion and exclusion criteria for the 
study are met.
As this study encourages abstinence from substances including alcohol, during the intake and 
throughout the study, we will assess for alcohol and substance withdrawal symptoms. The risks 
associated with stopping drinking and other substances may include: anxiety, shakiness, confusion, 
rapid heart rate, fever, and in rare cases, life-threatening seizures. These risks and the treatment 
required for these possible risks will be thoroughly reviewed with you during the intake process 
by both the clinical research staff. If you show clinical signs of alcohol withdrawal, you will be 
evaluated by the study doctor who will refer you for treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Depending 
on the severity of your alcohol withdrawal symptoms, she may send you for medical detoxification 
assessment and treatment to the Yale New Haven Hospital – Emergency Room (YNHH –ER) or 
to a medical detoxification facility such as Southern Connecticut Rehabilitation Center (SCRC). 
The detoxification treatment and referral is not part of this research study and your decision to take 
part in the research study will not be affected by your clinical treatment for alcohol withdrawal. 
Outpatient treatment
You will be seen at the YSC two times a week with 1x per week individual substance use 
counseling with a psychologist or qualified counselor. You will be asked about your substance use 
and other psychological and physical problems that you may be experiencing. You will do 
questionnaires, which include questions about any side effects you may be experiencing. 
Each time that you visit the clinic, we will obtain a urine sample for drugs and take a sample of 
your breath by asking you to blow into a breathalyzer to see if you have recently consumed alcohol. 
These procedures are for research purposes only. We also ask encourage you to reduce and abstain 
from substance use. In the event that your substance use increases or gets worse, you will be 
offered inpatient treatment or referred to a higher level of care at another facility. Your progress 
will be reviewed with you at each appointment.
After you are admitted to outpatient treatment, you will be started on either a placebo or the study 
medication, Guanfacine. A placebo is a dummy pill that does not contain any medication and is 
used for the comparison purposes of this study. You will be randomly assigned to one of these 
conditions: the first condition involves slowly increasing the dose of Guanfacine over the course 
of 2 weeks and then maintaining you at 3 mg per day or your “best” dose of Guanfacine until week 
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9, at which point your dose will be slowly deceased. For the second condition you will receive 
placebo medication throughout the study from week 1 to week 10.
The assignment to the first or second condition will be done by random selection, which means 
that it will be decided by the luck of the draw, and not selected deliberately because of any special 
characteristics or problems you have.  After taking the first dose of study medication, we will ask 
you to stay while we check your pulse, blood pressure and other withdrawal symptoms. If you 
have any side effects from taking Guanfacine, you will meet with the research nurse or doctor who 
will check your symptoms and may adjust your dose if required.
The study drug is to be taken two times daily. Your study drug dose will be slowly increased up 
to your “best” dose up to 3 mg daily over the first 2 weeks.  You will not know whether you are 
taking placebo or Guanfacine. We will prompt you on a smartphone using an application called 
MetricWire to remind you to take your study medication, and make ratings on your mood, craving, 
and tell us about your substance consumption. To check that you are taking your study medication, 
we will be collecting urines, and doing a blood draw at weeks 3, 6, and 9.
In week 9, your study medication will be reduced slowly down to zero over the course of 5 days. 
We will continue to check your pulse, blood pressure and withdrawal symptoms at each 
appointment. You will be asked to stay for up to one hour each time you come to the clinic during 
this week for monitoring.
If at any point during the 10-weeks you have any side effects from taking the medication, you 
should tell the investigators by calling the cell phone number 203-859-2840. If you would like to 
stop taking the medication, you may stop taking the next dose and we will schedule you for an 
appointment at the clinic within the next day so that we can slowly reduce your study drug dose.
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required 
by U.S. Law. This web site will not include information that can identify you. At most, the Web 
site will include a summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any time.
Laboratory sessions
To help us understand stress and addiction, you will complete two laboratory sessions: one in the 
first week before you start taking the study drug, and again in Week 9. We need you to abstain 
from any drug use for at least 48 hours prior to these laboratory sessions. To prepare for these 
sessions, we will interview you to tell us about specific events from your personal life, events that 
were stressful for you, and those that are associated with using alcohol and drugs. Stories about 
these situations will be put together with you. These stories will be later played back to you during 
the laboratory sessions and you will be asked to briefly imagine these situations. In addition to 
these stories we will ask you to select some situations that are neutral and relaxing from your own 
experiences. The neutral relaxing events that you select will also be described to you in a laboratory 
session and you will be asked briefly imagine that situation as well. 
After completing the interview sessions, you will have a training session. The research assistant 
will meet with you and train you on how to generate and hold an image in your mind’s eye. We 
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will guide you through imagining some common scenes such as reading a popular magazine and 
doing sit-ups in gym class, and train you on how to focus and keep the image in your mind. 
We will also train you on how to get your body to relax by using relaxation procedures. The 
purpose of this training will be so you can clearly imagine the scenes that we describe to you in 
the laboratory sessions and so you can get yourself to become completely relaxed after imagining 
the scenes. In this session, we will once again describe the laboratory procedures to you and show 
you around the testing room. In addition, we will provide you with clear instructions on how to fill 
out questionnaires on your feelings and craving. 
After the training session, you will take part in the laboratory sessions. During the laboratory 
sessions we will place headphones on your ears. After a brief relaxation period, you will be given 
instructions on the imagery task and you will then hear a story over the headphones. Your task will 
be to imagine yourself in the situation being described and relive it 'as if' it were happening to you 
at that moment. At various times during the session we will place a small cotton ball in your mouth 
for you to hold on the side against your cheek for 2-3 minutes. This cotton ball will soak up saliva. 
We will collect the cotton ball in 3 minutes and place another one in your mouth every 10-15 
minutes. Your saliva will then be analyzed for naturally occurring chemicals that your body 
produces regularly.
The story you will hear will be a description of one of your personal situations that you described 
to us during the intake or a description of the neutral situation that you selected. The order of the 
stories will be selected randomly; you will not be told of the order of the stories presentation. After 
the imagery period, you will remain seated. From time to time, the research assistant will enter to 
collect saliva and you will also be asked to make some ratings of your feelings and alcohol and 
drug craving. You will also be asked to complete some brief mental tests. 
During the course of the imagery session you may have some alcohol craving and changes in 
feelings due to your recall of personal events that were stressful or alcohol related. At the end of 
the laboratory session, we will give you relaxation instructions to help you reduce your craving 
and bring yourself into a relaxed mood. Once you are returned to your original mood state, the 
session will be over. 
Each laboratory imagery session will last for about two hours. You will be given brief rest periods 
if you so desire. Should you feel anxious or unduly uncomfortable at any time during the session, 
you may ask that the session be stopped. 
Risks and Inconveniences
The main risks that might occur if you decide to participate in this study have to do with taking 
the study medication Guanfacine, possibility of alcohol withdrawal if you are using alcohol 
heavily, blood draws and imaging you own stressful and drug-related situations briefly in the 
laboratory sessions. These are explained below:
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i. Guanfacine: There are some risks associated with taking Guanfacine. Possible side effects 
commonly associated with Guanfacine include: low blood pressure, drowsiness, dry mouth, 
impotence, constipation, and dizziness. Usually all symptoms will disappear over time. If you 
regularly take barbiturates, sedatives, or drink alcohol, you should not take Guanfacine. We will 
make a full assessment of your intake of these substances when you start the study and will 
continue to monitor your breath and urine samples for recent alcohol consumption and use of other 
drugs. Guanfacine is used to treat hypertension. It has also been used to treat ADHD in children. 
We are currently studying its effects on alcohol relapse prevention for a period longer than the 
typical 7-10 days. While taking Guanfacine, you must exercise caution when operating dangerous 
machinery or driving motor vehicles until it is determined that you are not drowsy or dizzy from 
the study drug. The long-term use of Guanfacine for alcohol addiction is experimental, knowledge 
of its side effects may be incomplete and its use may involve risks that are currently unknown and 
unforeseeable.
ii. Alcohol Withdrawal and Abstinence: Abstinence from alcohol poses a risk of alcohol 
withdrawal symptoms. The risks associated with stopping drinking may include: anxiety, 
shakiness, confusion, rapid heart rate, fever and in rare cases, life-threatening seizures. These risks 
and the treatment required for these possible risks will be thoroughly reviewed with you during 
the intake process by both the clinical research staff. If you show clinical signs of alcohol 
withdrawal, you will be evaluated by the study doctor who will refer you for treatment for alcohol 
withdrawal. Depending on the severity of your alcohol withdrawal symptoms, she may send you 
for medical detoxification assessment and treatment to the Yale New Haven Hospital – Emergency 
Room (YNHH –ER) or to a medical detoxification facility such as Southern Connecticut 
Rehabilitation Center (SCRC). The detoxification treatment and referral is not part of this research 
study and your decision to take part in the research study will not be affected by your clinical 
treatment for alcohol withdrawal.  As the treatment may lead to alcohol abstinence, we will assess 
alcohol withdrawal symptoms throughout the study period. If you show moderate to severe clinical 
signs of alcohol withdrawal, we will refer you to alcohol detoxification treatment as described 
above.   
iii. Drawing of Blood: Blood will be drawn at your intake physical, and at 3, 6 and 9 weeks to 
check that you are taking your medication, to check your liver function, and if you are female, to 
see if you are pregnant. The total amount of blood drawn during the study is less than a can of soda 
and less than a regular blood donation. People who are in good health are not usually affected by 
this kind of blood loss. However, to be safe, you should not donate blood for at least 8 weeks after 
the three laboratory sessions.  
iv. Imagining stressful and drug cue situations in the Laboratory Sessions: You will imagine your 
own reported stressful and drug related situations along with a neutral relaxing situation briefly 
during the laboratory sessions. This may lead to some passing feelings of anxiety, distress or drug 
craving. We find that these feelings are temporary and tend to go away after the session. To help 
with making them go away, we will help you do progressive muscle relaxation so you can make 
these feelings go away quickly. We will also offer a brief counseling session if you need to speak 
with someone about how you are feeling. 
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Benefits
There are no known benefits to you at this time.  There are benefits to society, which would result 
from increased knowledge about treatments for substance abuse.
Economic Considerations
You will earn chances to win a prize ranging from 0 to $100 for each scheduled appointment that 
you keep. You will earn a chance to draw a prize, regardless of whether the urine sample you 
provide is clean or not. For every two biweekly appointments you attend, the chance to draw a 
prize from a fish bowl increases by one. The fish bowl prizes are valued at $0, $1, $25, or $100. If 
you miss your scheduled appointment, or do not take your study medication as directed, the 
number of draws will be reset to one. 
In addition, you will receive $25 for completing the intake appointment phase, a $25 bonus at 
weeks 4, 8 and 10, and $5 for returning your medication packet each week. You will be 
compensated $2 per day for completing the daily smartphone app surveys, and a $6 bonus for 
completing all 7 surveys for the week. If you complete all aspects of the study, the most you can 
make is $350 plus the various amounts you will win for keeping your appointments and taking 
your study medication. 
According to the rules of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), payments that are made to you as a 
result of your participation in a study may be considered taxable income.
 
Alternatives
You may be able to enroll in behavioral treatment recovery groups and twelve step based self-help 
groups such as Narcotics Anonymous outside of this study. If you wish to enroll in one of these 
alternative treatments, research staff will help you arrange this treatment. However, you are not 
allowed to initiate any medication treatment for tobacco dependence and alcohol dependence 
during the course of this study. There are no FDA approved medications for the treatment of 
cocaine or cannabis dependence. We will help you in making referrals to outpatient treatment for 
behavioral and medications if you choose after the completion of the study.
Confidentiality and Privacy
If you decide to take part in this research study, you will be required to give us information 
about your substance use, criminal behavior, and HIV status. We will receive a Certificate of 
Confidentiality (CoC) issued by DHHS/NIDA. The researchers can use this Certificate to 
legally refuse to disclose information that may identify you in any federal, state, or local civil, 
criminal, administrative, legislative, or other proceedings, for example, if there is a court 
subpoena. The researchers will use the Certificate to resist any demands for information that 
would identify you, except as explained below.
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The protection offered by the CoC does not stop us from voluntarily reporting information about 
suspected or known sexual, physical, or other abuse of a child or older person, or a participant’s 
threats of violence to self or others. If any member of the research team is given such 
information, he or she will make a report to the appropriate authorities. When the CoC is 
obtained, we will inform all active study participants.
Because this research is sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services through 
NIDA, staff from that and other DHHS agencies may review records that identify you only for 
audit or program evaluation. They cannot report anything that would harm you or other research 
subjects.
Any identifiable information that is obtained in connection with this study will remain confidential 
and will be disclosed only with your permission or as permitted by U.S. or State law.  Examples 
of information that we are legally required to disclose include abuse of a child or elderly person, 
or certain reportable diseases. All information collected on you will be kept in a locked cabinet or 
password protected on a computer. When the results of the research are published or discussed in 
conferences, no information will be included that would reveal your identity unless your specific 
consent for this activity is obtained.
We understand that information about you obtained in connection with your health is personal, 
and we are committed to protecting the privacy of that information.  If you decide to be in this 
study, the researcher will get information that identifies you and your personal health information.  
This may include information that might directly identify you, such as your name and date of birth. 
This information will be de-identified at the earliest reasonable time after we receive it, meaning 
we will replace your identifying information with a code that does not directly identify you. The 
principal investigator will keep a link that identifies you to your coded information, and this link 
will be kept secure and available only to selected members of the research team. Any information 
that can identify you will remain confidential. The research team will only give this coded 
information to others to carry out this research study. The link to your personal information will 
be kept for five years, after which time the link will be destroyed and the data will become 
anonymous. The data will be kept in this anonymous form indefinitely until it is destroyed.
The information about your health that will be collected in this study includes: 
Research study records
Medical and laboratory records of only those services provided in connection with this study.
Records about phone calls made as part of this research
Records about your study visits
Information obtained during this research regarding

HIV / AIDS

Hepatitis infection

Sexually transmitted diseases

Other reportable infectious diseases

Physical exams

Laboratory, x-ray, and other test results

Questionnaires
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
The diagnosis and treatment of a mental health condition

Use of illegal drugs or the study of illegal behavior

Records about any study drug you received
Information about you and your health which might identify you may be used by or given to:

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) agencies

Representatives from Yale University, the Yale Human Research Protection Program and the 
Yale Human Investigation Committee (the committee that reviews, approves, and monitors 
research on human subjects), who are responsible for ensuring research compliance.  These 
individuals are required to keep all information confidential.

Those individuals at Yale who are responsible for the financial oversight of research 
including billings and payments

The Principal Investigator at Yale University (Dr. Rajita Sinha) and the Co-Investigator at 
Stonybrook University (Dr. Helen Fox)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) This is done so that the FDA can review 
information about the drug product involved in this research.  The information may also be 
used to meet the reporting requirements of drug regulatory agencies.

Governmental agencies to whom certain diseases (reportable diseases) must be reported

Health care providers who provide services to you in connection with this study.

Laboratories and other individuals and organizations that analyze your health information 
in connection with this study, according to the study plan.

Co-Investigators and other investigators

Study Coordinator and Members of the Research Team

Data and Safety Monitoring Boards and others authorized to monitor the conduct of the 
study
By signing this form, you authorize the use and/or disclosure of the information described above 
for this research study.  The purpose for the uses and disclosures you are authorizing is to ensure 
that the information relating to this research is available to all parties who may need it for 
research purposes.
All health care providers subject to HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability 
Act) are required to protect the privacy of your information. The research staff at the Yale 
School of Medicine and are required to comply with HIPAA and to ensure the confidentiality 
of your information. Some of the individuals or agencies listed above may not be subject to 
HIPAA and therefore may not be required to provide the same type of confidentiality protection. 
They could use or disclose your information in ways not mentioned in this form. However, to 
better protect your health information, agreements are in place with these individuals and/or 
companies that require that they keep your information confidential.
You have the right to review and copy your health information in your medical record in 
accordance with institutional medical records policies. However, by deciding to take part in a 
double blinded treatment study and sign this permission form, you will not be allowed to look at 
or copy your study related information until after the research is completed.
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This authorization to use and disclose your health information collected during your participation 
in this study will never expire.
In Case of Injury
If you are injured while in the study, seek treatment and contact the Principal Investigator, Dr. 
Rajita Sinha at 203-737-5805 as soon as you are able.
The Yale School of Medicine do not provide funds for the treatment of research-related injury.  If 
you are injured as a result of your participation in this study, treatment will be provided.  You or 
your insurance carrier will be expected to pay the costs of this treatment.  No additional financial 
compensation for injury or lost wages is available.
You do not give up any of your legal rights by signing this form.
Voluntary Participation and Withdrawal
Participating in this study is voluntary. You are free to choose not to take part in this study.   
Refusing to participate will involve no penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise 
entitled (such as your health care outside the study, the payment for your health care, and your 
health care benefits).  However, you will not be able to enroll in this research study and will not 
receive study procedures as a study participant if you do not allow use of your information as part 
of this study.
Withdrawing from the Study
If you do become a subject, you are free to stop and withdraw from this study at any time during 
its course. To withdraw from the study, you can call a member of the research team at any time 
and tell them that you no longer want to take part.  This will cancel any future appointments. The 
researchers may withdraw you from participating in the research if you repeatedly do not show up 
for appointments, do not take your study medication, or are found ineligible for the study. 
Withdrawing from the study will involve no penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise 
entitled.  It will not harm your relationship with your own doctors
Withdrawing Your Authorization to Use and Disclose Your Health Information
You may withdraw or take away your permission to use and disclose your health information at 
any time. You may withdraw your permission by telling the study staff or by writing to Rajita 
Sinha PhD at the Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven CT 06519.
If you withdraw your permission, you will not be able to stay in this study.
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When you withdraw your permission, no new health information identifying you will be gathered 
after that date.  Information that has already been gathered may still be used and given to others 
until the end of the research study, as necessary to insure the integrity of the study and/or study 
oversight.
Questions
We have used some technical terms in this form. Please feel free to ask about anything you don't 
understand and to consider this research and the consent form carefully – as long as you feel is 
necessary – before you make a decision.
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Authorization and Permission
I have read this form and have decided to participate in the project described above.  Its general 
purposes, the particulars of my involvement and possible hazards and inconveniences have been 
explained to my satisfaction.  My signature also indicates that I have received a copy of this consent 
form.
By signing this form, I give permission to the researchers to use (and give out) information about 
me for the purposes described in this form.  By refusing to give permission, I understand that I will 
not be able to be in this research.
                                                        
_________________________________             ____________________________
Name of Subject                                                    Signature of Subject
_________________________________             ___________________
Signature of Person Obtaining Consent                Date
If after you have signed this form you have any questions about your privacy rights, please contact 
the Yale Privacy Officer at 203/432-5919.
If you have further questions about this project or if you have a research-related problem, you may 
contact the Principal Investigator, Dr. Rajita Sinha 203-737-5805. If you would like to talk with 
someone other than the researchers to discuss problems, concerns, and questions you may have 
concerning this research, or to discuss your rights as a research subject, you may contact the Yale 
Human Investigation Committee at (203) 785-4688.
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