Clinical trial NCT04802967
Conditions: No Condition
Keywords: Male healthy volunteers
Sponsor: Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A
Start date: 2021-02-08; Completion date: 2022-04-25
Enrollment: 141 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: PARALLEL

Brief summary:
Part A The primary objective of this study is to determine the single dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of ketoprofen lysine salt combined with gabapentin (KLS-GABA \[80 mg-34 mg\]) compared to KLS alone (80 mg) in healthy male subjects.

The secondary objective of this study is:

• To determine the safety and tolerability of a single oral dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) compared to KLS alone (80 mg) in healthy male subjects.

Part B The primary objective of this study is to determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of KLS-GABA in the Intradermal (ID) capsaicin model in healthy male subjects.

The secondary objectives of this study are:

* To further investigate the safety, tolerability, and PK of single oral doses of KLS-GABA and KLS alone.
* To investigate the possible relationship between plasma levels of drug and efficacy in pain reduction.

Detailed description:
This is a Phase I, Double-Blind, Pharmacokinetic, Safety and Tolerability Study of Ketoprofen Lysine Salt Combined with Gabapentin (KLS-GABA) Compared to Ketoprofen Lysine Salt (KLS) Alone in Healthy Male Subjects (Part A) Followed by a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate the Pharmacodynamic Effects of KLS, and KLS in Combination with Gabapentin (GABA), in Healthy Male Subjects Using the Intradermal (ID) Capsaicin Model (Part B).

Part A is a randomized, double-blind, crossover group study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and PK profile of a single oral dose of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone in healthy male subjects. It is planned to enroll 12 subjects. All subjects take part in 2 treatment periods, in which they are randomized to receive either a single dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) or a single dose of KLS (80 mg) alone in each treatment period.

Subjects' participation in Part A lasts approximately 7 weeks and will consist of the following:

* A screening visit (up to 28 days prior to Day 1 of Treatment Period 1),
* Admission to the clinical research unit (CRU) on Day -1 prior to Treatment Period 1,
* Treatment Period 1 (Day 1 to Day 3),
* A washout period of a minimum of 7 days,
* Admission to the CRU on Day -1 prior to Treatment Period 2,
* Treatment Period 2 (Day 1 to Day 3),
* A follow-up visit (5 to 7 days post-final dose following Treatment Period 2). Safety will is assessed through Adverse Events (AE) reporting, 12-lead ECGs, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory examinations. Pharmacokinetics are assessed by blood sampling.

Part A treatment lasts 2 days (Day 1 in Treatment Period 1; Day 1 in Treatment Period 2)

Part B is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study to investigate the PD effects, PK/PD correlation, safety, and tolerability of three single oral dose levels of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone, 300 mg gabapentin and placebo in the ID capsaicin model in healthy male subjects.

It is planned to enroll 128 subjects, randomized evenly to 8 possible treatments; subjects receive either KLS alone, KLS-GABA, 300 mg gabapentin or placebo. The planned treatments are:

* KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg, or 160 mg)
* KLS-GABA (40 mg-17 mg, 80 mg-34 mg or 160 mg-68 mg)
* Gabapentin (300 mg)
* Placebo

Subjects' participation in Part B lasts approximately 6 weeks and consists of the following:

* A screening visit (up to 28 days prior to dosing)
* An additional screening visit (at least 7 days prior to dosing) to determine the subject's response to capsaicin and to familiarise them in the pain measurements,
* Admission to the CRU on Day -1, for collection of pain measurements and completion of the ID capsaicin model
* A treatment period (morning of Day 1 until 12 hours postdose)
* Discharge from the CRU 12 hours postdose
* A follow-up visit (5 to 7 days postdose). Safety is assessed through AE reporting, 12-lead ECGs, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory examinations. Pharmacokinetics are assessed by blood sampling. Pharmacodynamics are assessed using the ID capsaicin model and pain measurements. Part B treatment lasts 1 day (Day 1).

Arms: arm 1: KLS-GABA 80 mg-34 mg capsules are administered once in the morning of Day 1 in Part A in Treatment Periods 1 and 2 in the fasted state, according to the randomisation schedule. Capsules are administered with 240 mL of water.

KLS-GABA (40 mg-17mg, 80 mg-34 mg, or 160 mg-68 mg) in Part B are administered as capsules once in the morning of Day 1 in the fasted state. Capsules are administered with 240 mL of water.

To maintain he blind, subjects assigned to receive 160 mg-68 mg KLS-GABA are administered two co-crystal KLS-GABA 114 mg (80 mg-34 mg) capsules, and subject assigned to receive 40 mg-17 mg KLS-GABA or 80 mg-34 mg KLS-GABA also receive a placebo capsule (dummy placebo). arm 2: KLS 80 mg capsules are administered once in the morning of Day 1 in Part A in Treatment Periods 1 and 2 in the fasted state, according to the randomisation schedule. Capsules will be administered with 240 mL of water.

In the part B KLS (40 mg, 80 mg or 160 mg) are administered as capsules once in the morning of Day 1 in the fasted state. Capsules are administered with 240 mL of water. To maintain the blind, subjects assigned to receive 160 mg KLS alone are administered two KLS 80 mg capsules and subjects assigned to receive either 40 mg KLS alone or 80 mg KLS alone also receive a placebo capsule (dummy placebo). arm 3: Gabapentin 300 mg are administered as capsules once in the morning of Day 1 in the fasted state. Capsules are administered with 240 mL of water.To maintain the blind, subjects assigned to receive 300 mg gabapentin also receive a placebo capsule (dummy placebo). arm 4: To maintain the blind subjects assigned to receive placebo receive 2 placebo capsules. Capsules will be administered with 240 mL of water.
Interventions: intervention 1: Ketoprofen Lysine Salt combined with Gabapentin intervention 2: Ketoprofen Lysine Salt intervention 3: Gabapentin intervention 4: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) in Part A and KLS-GABA (40 mg-17 mg or 80 mg-34 mg or 160 mg-68 mg) in Part B intervention 2: KLS (80 mg) alone in each treatment period in Part A and KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg, or 160 mg) in Part B intervention 3: 300 mg intervention 4: 2 capsules to maintain the blind

Protocol documents:
Prot_000.pdf: 
Protocol Number: KLG0120 
MAC Number: 
 
Version: Final 5.0 
 
Page 1 of 79 
 
Clinical Study Protocol 
A Phase I, Double-Blind, Pharmacokinetic, Safety and Tolerability Study 
of Ketoprofen Lysine Salt Combined with Gabapentin (KLS-GABA) 
Compared to Ketoprofen Lysine Salt (KLS) Alone in Healthy Male 
Subjects (Part A) Followed by a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-
Controlled Study to Investigate the Pharmacodynamic Effects of KLS, and 
KLS in Combination with Gabapentin (GABA), in Healthy Male Subjects 
Using the Intradermal (ID) Capsaicin Model (Part B) 
Investigational Medicinal Product: KLS-GABA 
Sponsor Reference: KLG0120 
MAC Number: 
 
EudraCT Number: 2020-004212-10 
 
Protocol Version: 5.0 
 Protocol Date: 16 June 2021 
Clinical Development Phase: I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sponsor: Dompé farmaceutici s.p.a. 
 
Via Santa Lucia, 6 
 
20122 Milan 
 
Italy 
CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT
The information provided in this document is strictly confidential and is available for review to Investigators, 
potential Investigators, appropriate ethics committees and other national authorities. No disclosure should take 
place without the written authorisation from the Sponsor, except to the extent necessary to obtain informed 
consent from potential subjects 
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES: CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL AMENDMENT 4 
(VERSION 5.0) 
This version of the protocol will supersede the previous version (Version 4.0, dated 
27 May 2021). 
The rationale for this substantial amendment is to address the grounds for non-acceptance of 
Version 4.0 of the Protocol from the Medicines Healthcare products Regulatory Agency 
(MHRA). Minor changes for spelling, grammar and punctuation have also been carried out 
where required, although these have not been described in the table below. 
The changes to the protocol are detailed below: 
Section 
Description of Change 
Section 6.2 
(Page 42) – 
Exclusion Criteria 
(Part A) 
Previous text: 
7. AST, ALT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) or total bilirubin levels ≥1.5 × the 
ULN at screening. These laboratory evaluations may be repeated once at the discretion 
of the Investigator. If the repeat test is within the reference range, the subject may be 
included only if the Investigator considers that the previous finding will not introduce 
additional risk factors and will not interfere with interpretation of safety data. 
Amended text: 
7. AST, ALT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) or total bilirubin levels ≥1.5 × 
above the ULN at screening. These laboratory evaluations may be repeated once at the 
discretion of the Investigator. If the repeat test is within the reference range, the subject 
may be included only if the Investigator considers that the previous finding will not 
introduce additional risk factors and will not interfere with interpretation of safety data. 
Section 6.3 
(Page 43) – 
Exclusion Criteria 
(Part B) 
Previous text: 
9. AST, ALT, GGT or total bilirubin levels ≥1.5 × the ULN at screening. These 
laboratory evaluations may be repeated once at the discretion of the Investigator. If the 
repeat test is within the reference range, the subject may be included only if the 
Investigator considers that the previous finding will not introduce additional risk 
factors and will not interfere with interpretation of safety data. 
Amended text: 
9. AST, ALT, GGT or total bilirubin levels ≥1.5 × above the ULN at screening. These 
laboratory evaluations may be repeated once at the discretion of the Investigator. If the 
repeat test is within the reference range, the subject may be included only if the 
Investigator considers that the previous finding will not introduce additional risk 
factors and will not interfere with interpretation of safety data. 
Strikethrough text indicates deletions. Underlined text indicates additions. 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 
SPONSOR SIGNATURE PAGE ............................................................................................ 2 
INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE PAGE................................................................................ 3 
SUMMARY OF CHANGES: CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL AMENDMENT 4 
(VERSION 5.0) ......................................................................................................................... 4 
KEY STUDY CONTACTS ..................................................................................................... 5 
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ 6 
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. 10 
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 10 
SYNOPSIS .............................................................................................................................. 11 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 15 
1. 
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 18 
1.1. 
Background ............................................................................................................... 18 
1.2. 
Study Rationale ......................................................................................................... 20 
1.3. 
Non-Clinical Experience ........................................................................................... 20 
1.3.1. Pharmacodynamics ................................................................................................ 20 
1.3.2. Pharmacokinetics ................................................................................................... 24 
1.3.3. Toxicology .............................................................................................................. 25 
1.4. 
Clinical Experience ................................................................................................... 26 
1.5. 
Risk/Benefit Assessment ........................................................................................... 26 
2. 
OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS ........................................................................... 30 
2.1. 
Objectives (Part A) .................................................................................................... 30 
2.1.1. Primary Objective ................................................................................................... 30 
2.1.2. Secondary Objectives(s) ......................................................................................... 30 
2.2. 
Objectives (Part B) .................................................................................................... 30 
2.2.1. Primary Objective ................................................................................................... 30 
2.2.2. Secondary Objectives(s) ......................................................................................... 30 
2.3. 
Endpoints (Part A) ..................................................................................................... 30 
2.3.1. Primary Endpoints .................................................................................................. 30 
2.3.2. Secondary Endpoints .............................................................................................. 30 
2.4. 
Endpoints (Part B) ..................................................................................................... 31 
2.4.1. Primary Endpoint ................................................................................................... 31 
2.4.2. Secondary Endpoint(s) ........................................................................................... 31 
3. 
STUDY DESIGN ......................................................................................................... 32 
3.1. 
Part A......................................................................................................................... 32 
3.2. 
Part B ......................................................................................................................... 32 
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3.3. 
Rationale for Study Design ....................................................................................... 34 
3.4. 
Dose Rationale .......................................................................................................... 34 
3.5. 
Individual Stopping Criteria ...................................................................................... 35 
3.6. 
Study Stopping Criteria ............................................................................................. 35 
4. 
STUDY SETTING ...................................................................................................... 37 
5. 
STUDY TREATMENTS ............................................................................................ 38 
5.1. 
Name and Description of Investigational Product(s) ................................................ 38 
5.2. 
Treatment Administration ......................................................................................... 38 
5.2.1. Part A ...................................................................................................................... 38 
5.2.2. Part B ...................................................................................................................... 38 
5.3. 
Concomitant Medication ........................................................................................... 38 
5.4. 
Assessment of Compliance with Treatment .............................................................. 39 
5.5. 
Blinding ..................................................................................................................... 39 
5.6. 
Emergency Unblinding ............................................................................................. 39 
6. 
SELECTION AND WITHDRAWAL OF SUBJECTS ........................................... 40 
6.1. 
Inclusion Criteria ....................................................................................................... 40 
6.1.1. Part A ...................................................................................................................... 40 
6.1.2. Part B ...................................................................................................................... 40 
6.2. 
Exclusion Criteria (Part A) ........................................................................................ 41 
6.3. 
Exclusion Criteria (Part B) ........................................................................................ 43 
6.4. 
Study Restrictions ..................................................................................................... 44 
6.4.1. Contraception Restrictions ..................................................................................... 44 
6.4.2. Lifestyle Restrictions............................................................................................... 45 
6.4.3. Meals and Dietary Restrictions .............................................................................. 45 
6.5. 
Subject Withdrawal Criteria ...................................................................................... 46 
6.6. 
Follow-up Procedures ............................................................................................... 46 
7. 
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS ......................................................................................... 47 
7.1. 
Clinical Laboratory Evaluations................................................................................ 47 
7.2. 
12-lead Electrocardiogram ........................................................................................ 48 
7.3. 
Vital Signs and Oral Temperature ............................................................................. 48 
7.4. 
Physical Examinations .............................................................................................. 48 
7.5. 
Adverse Event Reporting .......................................................................................... 48 
7.5.1. Definition and Criteria ........................................................................................... 49 
7.5.2. Evaluating Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events ........................................ 52 
7.5.3. Reporting Procedures and Requirements ............................................................... 53 
7.5.4. Conditions That Should Not be Reported as SAEs ................................................. 54 
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7.5.5. Adverse Events Exemption ...................................................................................... 54 
7.5.6. Prompt Reporting of Serious Adverse Events......................................................... 54 
7.5.7. Regulatory Reporting of Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions 
(SUSARs) .......................................................................................................................... 55 
7.5.8. Special Considerations ........................................................................................... 55 
7.6. 
Other Assessments .................................................................................................... 56 
8. 
PHARMACOKINETIC ASSESSMENTS................................................................ 57 
8.1. 
Pharmacokinetic Sampling ........................................................................................ 57 
8.2. 
Storage and Analysis of Clinical Samples ................................................................ 57 
9. 
PHARMACODYNAMIC ASSESSMENTS ............................................................. 58 
9.1. 
Evaluation of Response to ID Capsaicin ................................................................... 58 
9.2. 
Measurement of Pain ................................................................................................. 58 
9.3. 
Area and Pain Score of Hyperalgesia ........................................................................ 58 
9.4. 
Area and Pain Score of Allodynia ............................................................................. 58 
9.5. 
Area of Flare.............................................................................................................. 59 
10. 
STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................... 60 
10.1. Randomisation and Subject Allocation ..................................................................... 60 
10.2. Sample Size Determination ....................................................................................... 60 
10.3. Statistical Analysis Plan ............................................................................................ 60 
10.4. Analysis Sets ............................................................................................................. 60 
10.4.1. Safety Set............................................................................................................... 60 
10.4.2. Pharmacokinetic Set ............................................................................................. 60 
10.4.3. Pharmacodynamic Set .......................................................................................... 61 
10.5. Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................... 61 
10.5.1. Subject Disposition and Characteristics .............................................................. 61 
10.5.2. Safety Statistical Analysis ..................................................................................... 61 
10.5.3. Pharmacokinetic Statistical Analysis ................................................................... 62 
10.5.4. Pharmacodynamic Statistical Analysis ................................................................ 63 
10.5.5. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Statistical Analysis .................................... 64 
10.6. Handling of Missing or Incomplete Data .................................................................. 64 
11. 
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING ..................................................... 65 
11.1. Collection of Data ..................................................................................................... 65 
11.2. Inspection of Records ................................................................................................ 65 
11.3. Retention of Records ................................................................................................. 65 
12. 
MONITORING, AUDIT AND INSPECTION ........................................................ 66 
12.1. Study Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 66 
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12.2. Audits and Inspections .............................................................................................. 66 
12.3. Quality Control and Quality Assurance .................................................................... 66 
12.4. Research Ethics Committee (REC) ........................................................................... 67 
13. 
ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ....................................... 68 
13.1. Ethical Conduct of the Study .................................................................................... 68 
13.2. Ethics Review ............................................................................................................ 68 
13.3. Written Informed Consent ......................................................................................... 68 
13.4. End-of-Study ............................................................................................................. 69 
13.5. Notification of Serious Breaches to Good Clinical Practice ..................................... 69 
13.6. Confidentiality and Data Protection .......................................................................... 69 
13.7. Publication Policy ..................................................................................................... 70 
14. 
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 71 
15. 
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................. 74 
15.1. Appendix 1– Schedule of Assessments (Part A) ....................................................... 74 
15.2. Appendix 2– Schedule of Assessments (Part B) ....................................................... 76 
15.3. Appendix 3– Sampling Summary ............................................................................. 78 
15.4. Appendix 4 ................................................................................................................ 79 
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LIST OF TABLES  
Table 1: Main Pharmacokinetic Parameters of KLS/Gabapentin Co-crystal (DFL24412) 
Obtained After Single Capsule Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Mean ± SD). ........ 24 
Table 2: Concentrations of Gabapentin and Ketoprofen in Brain and Plasma 24 hours Post-
Administration via Oral Gavage. ............................................................................................. 25 
Table 3: Risk/Benefit Assessment ........................................................................................... 27 
Table 4: Clinical Laboratory Evaluations ................................................................................ 47 
Table 5: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Part A) ........................................................................ 62 
LIST OF FIGURES 
Figure 1: Effect of oral administration of KLS/Gabapentin co-crystal, KLS, Gabapentin and 
KLS with Gabapentin on carrageenan-induced paw oedema. ................................................. 21 
Figure 2: Effect of oral administration of KLS/Gabapentin co-crystal, KLS, Gabapentin and 
KLS with Gabapentin on carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. ................................... 22 
Figure 3: Time-course of analgesic activity of KLS, gabapentin, KLS with Gabapentin (KLS 
+ Gaba) and co-crystal of Ketoprofen, Lysine and Gabapentin (KLS/Gaba) administered in
capsules compared to Gabapentin (100 mg/kg, oral solution) or vehicle on thermal
hyperalgesia (A) and mechanical hyperalgesia (B) in a rat model of post-incisional pain. .... 24 
Figure 4: Study Design (Part A) .............................................................................................. 32 
Figure 5: Study Design (Part B)............................................................................................... 33 
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SYNOPSIS 
Study Title: A Phase I, Double-Blind, Pharmacokinetic, Safety, and Tolerability Study of Ketoprofen Lysine 
Salt combined with Gabapentin (KLS-GABA) compared to Ketoprofen Lysine Salt (KLS) Alone in Healthy 
Male Subjects (Part A) Followed by A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate 
the Pharmacodynamic Effects of KLS, and KLS in Combination with Gabapentin (GABA), in Healthy Male 
Subjects using the Intradermal (ID) Capsaicin Model (Part B). 
Investigational Medicinal Product: KLS-GABA 
Clinical Phase: I 
Objectives: 
Part A 
The primary objective of this study is to determine the single dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of ketoprofen lysine 
salt combined with gabapentin (KLS-GABA [80 mg-34 mg]) compared to KLS alone (80 mg) in healthy male 
subjects. 
 
The secondary objective of this study is: 
• 
To determine the safety and tolerability of a single oral dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) 
compared to KLS alone (80 mg) in healthy male subjects. 
Part B 
The primary objective of this study is to determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of KLS-GABA in the 
Intradermal (ID) capsaicin model in healthy male subjects. 
 
The secondary objectives of this study are: 
• 
To further investigate the safety, tolerability, and PK of single oral doses of KLS-GABA and 
KLS alone. 
• 
To investigate the possible relationship between plasma levels of drug and efficacy in pain 
reduction. 
Endpoints: 
Part A 
The primary endpoints are plasma PK concentrations and parameters of ketoprofen alone when administered 
as KLS and ketoprofen and gabapentin when administered as KLS-GABA, including but not limited to: area 
under the concentration-time curve (AUC), from zero to the last quantifiable concentrations (AUC0-t), AUC 
from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), AUC from zero to 12 hours postdose (AUC0-12h), AUC from zero to 24 hours 
postdose (AUC0-24h), AUC from zero to 36 hours postdose (AUC0-36h), AUC from zero to 48 hours postdose 
(AUC0-48h), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) and half-life 
(t1/2) in healthy male subjects. 
 
The secondary endpoint of the study is the clinical safety data from adverse event (AE) reporting, 12-lead 
electrocardiogram (ECG), vital signs (supine blood pressure, heart rate, oral temperature), clinical laboratory 
evaluations (chemistry, haematology, urinalysis and coagulation) and physical examinations in healthy male 
subjects. 
 
Part B 
The primary endpoint is: 
• 
 Analgesia/reduction in pain post capsaicin injection from the ID capsaicin model. 
The secondary endpoints are: 
• 
Subjective rating of pain from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Pain score of hyperalgesia from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Area and pain score of brush-evoked allodynia from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Area of flare (AF) from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Plasma PK concentrations. 
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• 
Clinical safety data from AE reporting, 12-lead ECG, vital signs (supine blood pressure, heart 
rate, oral temperature), clinical laboratory evaluations (chemistry, haematology, urinalysis, and 
coagulation) and physical examinations in healthy male subjects. 
Study Design:  
This is a 2-part, randomised study. 
Part A 
Part A is a randomised, double-blind, crossover group study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and PK 
profile of a single oral dose of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone in healthy male subjects. It is planned to 
enrol 12 subjects. All subjects will take part in 2 treatment periods, in which they will be randomised to 
receive either a single dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) or a single dose of KLS (80 mg) alone in each 
treatment period. 
Subjects’ participation in Part A will last approximately 7 weeks and will consist of the following: 
• 
A screening visit (up to 28 days prior to Day 1 of Treatment Period 1), 
• 
Admission to the clinical research unit (CRU) on Day -1 prior to Treatment Period 1, 
• 
Treatment Period 1 (Day 1 to Day 3), 
• 
A washout period of a minimum of 7 days, 
• 
Admission to the CRU on Day -1 prior to Treatment Period 2, 
• 
Treatment Period 2 (Day 1 to Day 3), 
• 
A follow-up visit (5 to 7 days post-final dose following Treatment Period 2). 
Safety will be assessed through AE reporting, 12-lead ECGs, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical 
laboratory examinations. Pharmacokinetics will be assessed by blood sampling. 
Part B 
Part B is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study to investigate the PD effects, 
PK/PD correlation, safety, and tolerability of three single oral dose levels of KLS-GABA compared to KLS 
alone, 300 mg gabapentin and placebo in the ID capsaicin model in healthy male subjects.  
It is planned to enrol 128 subjects, randomised evenly to 8 possible treatments; subjects will receive either 
KLS alone, KLS-GABA, 300 mg gabapentin or placebo. The planned treatments are: 
• 
KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg, or 160 mg) 
• 
KLS-GABA (40 mg-17 mg, 80 mg-34 mg or 160 mg-68 mg) 
• 
Gabapentin (300 mg) 
• 
Placebo 
Subjects’ participation in Part B will last approximately 6 weeks and will consist of the following: 
• 
A screening visit (up to 28 days prior to dosing), 
• 
An additional screening visit (at least 7 days prior to dosing) to determine the subject’s response to 
capsaicin and to familiarise them in the pain measurements, 
• 
Admission to the CRU on Day -1, for collection of pain measurements and completion of the ID 
capsaicin model, 
• 
A treatment period (morning of Day 1 until 12 hours postdose), 
• 
Discharge from the CRU 12 hours postdose, 
• 
A follow-up visit (5 to 7 days postdose). 
Safety will be assessed through AE reporting, 12-lead ECGs, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical 
laboratory examinations. Pharmacokinetics will be assessed by blood sampling. Pharmacodynamics will be 
assessed using the ID capsaicin model and pain measurements. 
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Treatment Duration: 
Part A: 2 days (Day 1 in Treatment Period 1; Day 1 in Treatment Period 2) 
Part B: 1 day (Day 1) 
Study Participants: 
Part A 
Healthy male subjects, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 32 kg/m2 (inclusive), of any ethnic origin. 
Subjects in Part A should be aged between 18 to 55 years, inclusive. Subjects must have a negative test for 
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at Screening and Day -1 of each treatment 
period. 
Part B 
Healthy male subjects, with a BMI of 18 to 32 kg/m2 (inclusive), with a skin type compatible with capsaicin 
measurements without significant skin allergies, pigmentary disorders, or any active dermatological 
conditions that might interfere with the conduct of the study. Subjects must not have any skin trauma, any 
active skin disorder, significant scarring, skin disease or tattoos on either forearm, or a significant history of 
trauma or skin disease in either arm. Subjects in Part B should be aged between 18 to 55 years, inclusive. 
Subjects must be able to tolerate capsaicin injection at Screening, and must not have a known intolerance to 
capsaicin, hot peppers, or any excipient in the IMP. Subjects should not have a history of neurological 
disorders or chronic pain conditions which may impact the perception of pain or impairs the subject’s ability 
to fully participate in the study. Subjects must have a negative test for SARS-CoV-2 at Screening and Day -1. 
Dose and Route of Administration: 
Subjects will be fasted overnight prior to dosing until 3 hours postdose. Water will be allowed ad libitum 
except for 1 hour before and 3 hours after dosing. 
Part A 
KLS 80 mg capsules or KLS-GABA 80 mg-34 mg capsules will be administered once in the morning of 
Day 1 in Part A in Treatment Periods 1 and 2 in the fasted state, according to the randomisation schedule. 
Capsules will be administered with 240 mL of water. 
Part B 
The planned treatments are: 
•
KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg or 160 mg)
•
KLS-GABA (40 mg-17mg, 80 mg-34 mg, or 160 mg-68 mg)
•
Gabapentin (300 mg)
•
Placebo
The active IMP (KLS, KLS-GABA, or gabapentin in Part B) or placebo will be administered as capsules 
once in the morning of Day 1 in the fasted state. Subjects assigned to receive 160 mg KLS alone will be 
administered two KLS 80 mg capsules, and subjects assigned to receive 160 mg-68 mg KLS-GABA will be 
administered two co-crystal KLS-GABA 114 mg (80 mg-34 mg) capsules. To maintain the blind, subjects 
assigned to receive either 40 mg KLS alone, 80 mg KLS alone, 40 mg-17 mg KLS-GABA, 80 mg-34 mg 
KLS-GABA or 300 mg gabapentin will also receive a placebo capsule (dummy placebo). Subjects assigned 
to receive placebo will receive 2 placebo capsules. Capsules will be administered with 240 mL of water. 
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Criteria for Evaluation: 
Part A 
Safety will be assessed through AE reporting, 12-lead ECGs, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical 
laboratory evaluations. Pharmacokinetics will be assessed by blood sampling. 
Part B 
Pharmacodynamics will be assessed through pain measurements (response to ID injection of capsaicin, 
measurement of pain using a visual analogue scale, area and pain score of hyperalgesia, area and pain score 
of allodynia, and AF) and the ID capsaicin model. Safety will be assessed through AE reporting, 12-lead 
ECGs, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory evaluations. Pharmacokinetics will be 
assessed by blood sampling. 
Statistical Analysis:  
The Study Statistical Analysis Plan with more technical and detailed elaboration of the principal features of 
statistical analyses will be finalised before database lock. Any deviation from the original statistical plan will 
be described in the Clinical Study Report.  
No formal sample size calculation has been performed. A study of 12 subjects in Part A and 128 subjects in 
Part B is considered to be sufficient to meet the objectives of the study. 
Summary statistics have been defined for quantitative variables (number of observations, mean, standard 
deviation, median, minimum and maximum) and qualitative variables (number and percentage per category). 
Safety parameters and subjects’ characteristics will be listed and summarised using descriptive statistics. 
Subject disposition will include a summary of the number and percentage of patients entered, enrolled, and 
treated as well as number and percentage of patients completing the study, or discontinuing. A summary of 
all protocol deviations will be provided. 
Demographic and baseline characteristics, medical history, concomitant medication and treatment 
compliance will be summarised for all subjects by treatment. 
AEs will be presented in terms of the number of AEs and incidence. Standard laboratory evaluations, vital 
signs, physical examinations, and 12-lead ECG parameters will be summarised by treatment at each available 
time point.  
For Part A, PK parameters estimates will be calculated by noncompartmental methods. Pharmacokinetic data 
will be listed for each subject, along with summary statistics. A comparison of the main PK parameters 
obtained (Cmax, AUCs, tmax and t1/2) after KLS-GABA and ketoprofen administration will be presented. For 
Part B a PK/PD correlation will be implemented for all administered doses. 
In Part B, the response to ID injection of capsaicin will be assessed in 6 ways (subjective rating of pain, area 
and pain score of hyperalgesia, area and pain score of brush-evoked allodynia and area of flare) and 
summarised using descriptive statistics. 
Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) will be fit to data for each PD parameter using two groups of 
models. Group 1 will assess longitudinal changes in Scores / Area against baseline. Group 2 will assess 
differences in Scores / Area between treatments for each timepoint.  
 
 
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
Abbreviation 
Definition 
ADME 
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion 
AE 
adverse event 
AF 
area of flare 
ALP 
alkaline phosphatase 
ALT 
alanine aminotransferase 
API 
active pharmaceutical ingredient 
AST 
aspartate aminotransferase 
AUC0-12h 
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 12 hours 
postdose 
AUC0-24h 
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 24 hours 
postdose 
AUC0-36h 
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 36 hours 
postdose 
AUC0-48h 
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 48 hours 
postdose 
AUC0-t 
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the last 
quantifiable concentration 
AUC0-∞ 
area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity 
BMI 
body mass index 
BP 
blood pressure 
CI  
confidence interval 
Cmax 
maximum plasma concentration 
CNS 
COVID-19 
central nervous system 
Coronavirus disease 2019 
COX 
cyclo-oxygenases 
CRO 
Contract Research Organisation 
CRU 
clinical research unit 
DRESS 
drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms 
ECG 
electrocardiogram  
eCRF 
electronic case report form 
EudraCT 
European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials 
λz 
terminal rate constant 
FDCs 
ﬁxed-dose combinations 
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GABA 
Gabapentin 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
GDPR 
General Data Protection Regulation 
GGT 
gamma-glutamyl transferase 
GLP 
Good Laboratory Practice 
GMP 
Good Manufacturing Practice 
HBsAg 
hepatitis B surface antigen 
HED 
human equivalent dose 
HIV 
human immunodeficiency virus 
HR 
heart rate 
IASP 
International Association for the Study of Pain 
IB 
Investigator Brochure 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonisation 
ICF 
informed consent form 
ID 
intradermal 
IMP 
investigational medicinal product 
KLS 
Ketoprofen Lysine Salt 
LLOQ 
lower limit of quantification 
LS 
least squares 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
MMRM 
Mixed Model Repeated Measures 
NRS 
numeric rating scale 
NSAIDs 
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 
OTC 
over-the-counter 
PD 
Pharmacodynamic 
PK 
pharmacokinetic 
PT 
preferred term 
QTcF 
QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula 
REC 
research ethics committee 
RSI 
Reference Safety Information 
SAE 
serious adverse event 
SAP 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
SARS-Cov-2 
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 
SD 
standard deviation 
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SJS 
Steven-Johnson Syndrome 
SmPC 
Summary of Product Characteristics 
SOC 
system-organ class 
SOP 
Standard Operating Procedure 
SRC 
Safety Review Committee 
t1/2 
half-life 
TEN 
toxic epidermal necrolysis 
tmax 
time to maximum plasma concentration 
ULN 
upper limit of normal 
VAS 
visual analogue scale 
WHO 
World Health Organization 
 
 
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1. 
INTRODUCTION 
1.1. 
Background 
Pain is a complex and multifactorial medical condition defined by the International Association 
for the Study of Pain (IASP) as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated 
with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage”.1 It is the most 
common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries,2 and can have a strong 
impact on patient’s activities of daily living and quality of life. 
Acute pain is a physiologic response to noxious stimuli that is usually transitory and time 
limited,3 acute pain requires treatment for a few weeks but often the administration of a single 
drug is not sufficient to reach pain relief and many patients with acute pain will not obtain an 
acceptable analgesia.4 Untreated or inadequately treated acute pain can determine patient 
frustration, improved cost of therapies, prolonged hospitalisation, and generally progression of 
acute pain to chronic pain. 
Chronic pain is considered a distinct entity with its own medical characterisation and taxonomy 
and is generally a consequence of a disease or damage. Targeted prevention and management 
approaches of chronic pain should take into account a number of factors (such as the biological, 
psychological, socio-demographic, and lifestyle determinants and outcomes of pain) and 
provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatments, including pharmacotherapy. 
Non-opioid medications are currently considered as the first line therapy for chronic pain; 
indeed, considering the recent epidemic of opioid use in the United States,5 opioids or 
combination drugs containing opioids should be used for treatment of moderate to severe pain 
for which alternative therapies are unsatisfactory. 
According to its pathophysiology, pain was described as either nociceptive or neuropathic; 
these differ in terms of onset and expression; in general, nociceptive pain is associated with 
acute pain, whereas neuropathic is more frequently chronic. However, this division excluded 
many patients. The term “mixed pain” has never been formally defined and does not appear in 
the IASP taxonomy even if it is increasingly recognised and accepted by clinicians and used in 
the scientific literature to describe a combination of nociceptive and neuropathic components. 
An international group of specialists addressed this question, proposing the following 
definition “Mixed pain is a complex overlap of the different known pain types (nociceptive, 
neuropathic, and nociplastic) in any combination, acting simultaneously and/or concurrently to 
cause pain in the same body area. Either mechanism may be more clinically predominant at 
any point of time. Mixed pain can be acute or chronic”.6 
Patients experiencing mixed pain have more comorbidities such as depression, anxiety and 
sleep disorders, more adverse psycho-social factors, a lower health-related quality of life and 
shows a greater clinical complexity that negatively impact on response to the treatment.7 
A number of common pain states are considered to be mixed pain conditions including the 
following: cancer pain, lower back pain, osteoarthritis pain, postsurgical pain, chronic joint 
pain and pain in primary care.6 The phenotypical complexity of mixed pain makes its 
evaluation, diagnosis and above all treatment, significantly challenging; no clear guidelines 
specific to mixed pain are presently available and, thus, the best guidance on treatment 
decision-making derives only from treatment approvals for neuropathic pain.8 
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An individualised, multimodal therapy which target potentially both nociceptive and 
neuropathic pain components represents a rational approach to address this unmet medical 
need.9 
Although drug combination is commonly empirically adopted in clinical practice, prospective 
studies regarding the relative efficacy and safety of therapeutic drug associations to treat 
various painful conditions are still few,10 and more preclinical, clinical, and translational 
studies are needed to improve the efficacy of combination drug therapy.11 
Multimodal engagement can be reached through different methods. To date, these have 
included treatments with open combinations of two or more concomitant drugs, ﬁxed-dose 
combinations (FDCs), or multimodal agents. Each of these approaches present beneﬁts and 
limitations: the use of open combinations allows personalised treatment but can also lead to 
decreased compliance. On the other hand, FDCs offer a more standardised approach, improve 
patient compliance and reduce costs but do not permit an individualised approach. 
A new method to achieve multimodal pharmacotherapy comprises the development of an 
innovative type of pharmaceutical co-crystal. A co-crystal is formed by an active 
pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a second component contained within a single, unique 
crystal structure. Currently available pharmaceutical co-crystals contain a single API and a 
nonactive co-crystal former (coformer) in the same crystal structure but could also contain 
more than one API (“API–API co-crystals”).12 
Co-crystals of ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin are in development, have more than one API 
and might offer the potential to provide beneﬁts beyond the simple combination of the 
constituent APIs therein, as well as a reduced pill burden and improved compliance. The salt 
of ketoprofen is a well-known and established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 
and gabapentin is a gamma-butyric mimetic compound with an antiepileptic and peripheral 
neuropathic analgesic activity. Changes in physico-chemical characteristics of constituent APIs 
can lead to clinical benefits more efficiently than individual ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) and 
gabapentin, with a better gastric tolerability profile, as already evidenced by preclinical models. 
From the safety data available for the two products, the combination of ketoprofen, lysine and 
gabapentin (KLS-GABA) does not pose any safety concern. The dose of ketoprofen will not 
exceed the current prescribed doses as per the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), 
and the gabapentin dose will be at least 10-15-fold lower than the dose prescribed for 
neuropathic pain or epilepsy (up to 1800 mg/day). Furthermore, gabapentin is not metabolised 
by hepatic enzymes and is almost completely excreted by the kidney as the parent drug; 
therefore, there is no drug-drug metabolic interaction foreseen. In summary, co-crystal of 
ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin might become an advantageous addition to the current 
armamentarium against acute and chronic pain and could be particularly effective in mixed 
pain, matching two different mechanisms of action. 
From a regulatory view, according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) 
guideline M3(R2) for combination drugs which are both late stage products, there are no causes 
for toxicological concern based on the available data, although there is no clinical experience 
with co-administration. Nonclinical combination studies generally are not recommended to 
support small-scale clinical Phase II studies up to a duration of 3 months. Combination toxicity 
studies will be necessary for clinical Phase III studies and for marketing. 
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The ICH guideline M3(R2) did not require toxicity studies to be performed before the 
administration of the drug combination to humans, however Dompé voluntarily carried out a 
pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability study in minipigs by oral administration. 
1.2. 
Study Rationale 
The co-crystal KLS-GABA showed its ability to reduce mechanical allodynia, thermal 
hyperalgesia and oedema formation very efficiently in several preclinical studies in 
inflammatory and chronic pain models. 
Human experimental pain models are useful in understanding the mechanisms underlying 
clinical pain conditions and can be used to test the analgesic efficacy of drugs used in the 
management of pain. Furthermore, the use of pain models excludes confounding variables due 
to coexisting fever, general malaise, and psychological cognitive and social aspects of illness.13 
The capsaicin model is the most widely used model to mimic the symptoms of neurogenic 
hyperalgesia as observed in neuropathic pain.14 
Capsaicin, an active component of hot peppers, exerts its hyperalgesic effects via transient 
receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 receptor activation. The intradermal 
(ID) injection of capsaicin induces a localised release of substance P (neurokinin 1), calcitonin 
gene related peptide and other neuropeptides resulting in localised hyperaemia (flare), 
hyperalgesia, and allodynia. These effects are similar to those seen in neuropathic pain. 
Furthermore, ID capsaicin has been found to have a dose-dependent relationship with flare, 
allodynia and hyperalgesia responses in pain-free volunteers,15 and has been shown to detect 
the effects of a single dose of pregabalin in healthy volunteers.16 Therefore, the ID capsaicin 
model is a potentially useful tool to study the mechanisms of neuropathic-type symptoms and 
the efficacy of analgesic drugs in relieving these symptoms, such as ketamine, magnesium, 
lidocaine, alfentanil, diclofenac, orphenadrine, gabapentin, cannabis, lamotrigine, H1 
antagonists, hydromorphone, and the lidocaine.17 
According to the current literature, calcium channel α2‐δ ligands and opioids, anaesthetics, and 
N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptor antagonists seem to have an attenuating effect on capsaicin‐
induced hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other 
compounds showed no, or very limited, efficacy in attenuating capsaicin‐induced 
hyperalgesia.18-22 
As proof of concept, the co-crystal of KLS and gabapentin could demonstrate an attenuation 
of secondary effects induced by a model commonly used and accepted as a paradigm of clinical 
neuropathic pain. 
1.3. 
Non-Clinical Experience 
1.3.1. Pharmacodynamics 
Peripheral inflammatory pain was studied in the rat. Peripheral inflammatory pain was induced 
in the left hind paw of each animal by a single intra-plantar injection of 1% λ-carrageenan 
vehicle, and drugs were orally administered 1 hour before the carrageenan injection. The 
animal’s paw volume, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were measured 
respectively by plethysmometer, von Frey filaments (mechanical allodynia) and a hot plate test 
(thermal hyperalgesia), and were performed before (0 hour) and post injection of carrageenan 
at multiple time points (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hour post-carrageenan). 
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The activity of co-crystal of ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin (67.5 mg/kg) was compared to 
the activity of KLS (47.1 mg/kg), gabapentin (20.4 mg/kg), KLS with gabapentin (47.1 and 
20.4 mg/kg); all the compounds were orally administered 1 hour prior to carrageenan injection 
in gelatine capsules while indomethacin (10 mg/kg), used as a reference standard, was orally 
administered as solution. 
A time-dependent paw swelling was observed starting from 1 hour, with a peak of oedema 
formation at 6 hours post-carrageenan injection. The co-crystal significantly inhibited oedema 
formation from 3 hours to 6 hours post carrageenan, with a more pronounced effect as 
compared to all the other tested compounds, as shown in Figure 1. 
 
Figure 1: Effect of oral administration of KLS/Gabapentin co-crystal, KLS, Gabapentin 
and KLS with Gabapentin on carrageenan-induced paw oedema. 
Time-course of anti-inflammatory effect of KLS/Gaba co-crystal or KLS with Gaba combinations compared with KLS, Gaba, Indomethacin 
or Vehicle on rat paw swelling (ml) after intra-plantar injection of 1% carrageenan Each time point represents the mean ± SEM of four-six 
(vehicle)/eight (drugs) rats. Black arrows indicate vehicle/drugs or carrageenan injection. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant 
and calculated by using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 vs Vehicle, 
p<0.05 vs Indomethacin, &p<0.05 vs KLS, §p<0.05 vs KLS with Gaba. 
Under the same experimental conditions, mechanical allodynia was evaluated by von Frey 
filament. Mechanical withdrawal threshold significantly decreased in the ipsilateral paw 
starting from 1 hour after carrageenan and the decrease was maintained until the end of the 
observation period (6 hours). Also in this case, the co-crystal induced a stronger antiallodynic 
activity from 1 to 5 hours as compared to the other drugs (Figure 2). 
 
 
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Figure 2: Effect of oral administration of KLS/Gabapentin co-crystal, KLS, Gabapentin 
and KLS with Gabapentin on carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. 
Time-course of the analgesic effect of KLS/Gabapentin co-crystal or KLS with Gabapentin combinations compared with KLS, Gabapentin, 
Indomethacin or Vehicle on rat paw swelling (mL) after intra-plantar injection of 1% carrageenan. Each time point represents the mean ± 
SEM of four-six (vehicle)/eight (drugs) rats. Black arrows indicate vehicle/drugs or carrageenan injection. P<0.05 was considered as 
statistically significant and calculated by using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs 
Vehicle, p<0.05 vs Indomethacin, &p<0.05, &&p<0.01 vs KLS with Gabapentin. 
Furthermore, a tendency to reduce thermal hyperalgesia was measurable in the co-crystal group 
compared to the other treatment groups.  
In conclusion, the co-crystals anti-inflammatory activity was proven to be more effective as 
compared with the other tested compounds, both when they were given alone as single 
compound (KLS- and gabapentin-treatment group) or administered together (KLS with 
gabapentin-treatment group). These results show that the co-crystal yields an antinociceptive 
synergistic activity that might be useful in the treatment of inflammatory pain. 
A study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the effects of the co-crystal of ketoprofen, 
lysine and gabapentin (67.5 mg/kg), KLS (47.1mg/kg), gabapentin (20.4 mg/kg), KLS with 
gabapentin (47.1 and 20.4 mg/kg) in a model of post-incisional pain in rats. 
Gabapentin was also used as reference standard; in this case, it was orally administered as a 
solution at a dose of 100 mg/kg. 
Briefly, after anaesthesia, an incision with a length of 1 cm was made through skin and fascia 
of the plantar aspect of the paw, starting 0.5 cm from the proximal edge of the heel and 
extending toward the toes. The skin and fascia were elevated and incised longitudinally. 
Following haemostasis with gentle pressure, the skin was sutured by using 5–0 nylon. The 
control rats received a sham procedure, which consisted of anaesthesia administration but 
without incision (n=4). 
Mechanical allodynia (von Frey filaments), mechanical hyperalgesia (Randal-Selitto paw 
pressure technique) and thermal hyperalgesia (hot plate test) were evaluated.  
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At the end of behavioural experiments, all animals were sacrificed with a lethal dose of 
urethane, and ulcerogenic activity in the stomach was evaluated. The stomachs were removed 
and opened by cutting along the greater curvature. Gastric lesions in each rat were evaluated 
by an arbitrary scale as follows: 0: no lesion, 1: haemorrhage erosion and damaged mucous, 2: 
from 1 to 4 lesions under 3 mm, 3: over 5 lesions under 3 mm or a single lesion above 3 mm, 
4: over 2 lesions above 3 mm, 5: lesions with pore. The ulcerogenic activity was calculated by 
comparing the ulcerogenicity scores in the drug-treated groups with those in the vehicle-treated 
animals. 
An incision of the plantar surface of the hind paw led to an induction of thermal and mechanical 
hyperalgesia measured by the hot plate and Randal-Selitto test. Paw withdrawal latency(s) and 
threshold (g) significantly decreased starting from 3 hours up to 24 hours post-injury (the latest 
time point monitored in this study) as shown in Figure 3.  
The single dose administration of co-crystal completely blocked the development of thermal 
hyperalgesia throughout the observation period; similarly, co-crystal completely abolished 
mechanical hyperalgesia up to 5 hours after surgery, maintaining a very pronounced effect up 
to 24 hours. On mechanical hyperalgesia, the effects of co-crystal observed at 3 and 5 hours 
(100% of inhibition) significantly differed from those produced by all the other compounds 
(40% and 51,3% for KLS with GABA; 58.5 and 42.2% for GABA; 42.5 and 44,2% for KLS; 
81.8% and 75.4% for Gabapentin, respectively at 3 and 5 hours). 
Observations of the surface of the stomach under a dissecting microscope (1.8x) with square–
grid eye revealed that the only group showing gastrointestinal damage was KLS-treated 
animals. Indeed, this group showed haemorrhagic red spots on gastric mucosa, but no 
congestion, erosion or ulceration were observed (Figure 3). Thus, value for the ulcer index was 
1 for KLS animals. On the contrary, injured rats treated with Gabapentin (orally administered 
as solution at a dose of 100 mg/kg), Gaba, KLS with Gabapentin or KLS/Gabapentin co-crystal 
did not display gastric ulcerogenic signs, similarly to the control group; the ulcer index for 
these groups was 0 (Figure 3). 
In conclusion, the co-crystal produced better pain relief and showed a better gastric tolerability 
profile than KLS and Gabapentin in this model of postsurgical pain. 
 
 
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Figure 3: Time-course of analgesic activity of KLS, gabapentin, KLS with Gabapentin 
(KLS + Gaba) and co-crystal of Ketoprofen, Lysine and Gabapentin (KLS/Gaba) 
administered in capsules compared to Gabapentin (100 mg/kg, oral solution) or vehicle 
on thermal hyperalgesia (A) and mechanical hyperalgesia (B) in a rat model of post-
incisional pain. 
Each time point represents the mean ± SEM of four (vehicle)/eight (drugs) rats. Black arrow indicates surgery induction. P<0.05 was 
considered as statistical significance and calculated by using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for comparisons between 
groups, or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for comparisons within groups. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 
****p<0.0001 vs CTRL; p<0.05, p<0.01, 
p<0.001 vs KLS; §p<0.05, §§§§p<0.0001 vs Gaba, #p<0.05 vs KLS and Gabapentin. 
1.3.2. Pharmacokinetics 
Preliminary PK of the KLS-GABA co-crystal (DFL24412) has been studied in rats after 
administration of gelatine capsules (size 9, Torpac®: 2 capsules for each animal corresponding 
to 56.9 mg/kg of KLS-GABA co-crystal). 
Table 1: Main Pharmacokinetic Parameters of KLS/Gabapentin Co-crystal (DFL24412) 
Obtained After Single Capsule Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Mean ± SD). 
Test Item 
Cmax 
µg/mL 
AUCtot 
h∙µg/mL 
AUC0-24h 
h∙µg/mL 
MRT 
h 
t1/2 
h 
tmax 
h 
Ketoprofen 
32.6 ± 18.8 
 460.3a ± 
109 
368.6 ± 
102.0 
11.7 ± 2.9 
17.0 ± 5.5 
11.1 ± 12 
Gabapentin 
6.7 ± 2.4 
55.7 ± 8.2 
50.8 ± 8.7 
6.2 ± 1.3 
5.5 ± 1.9 
2.3 ± 1.1 
A AUCinf higher than 20% (24.6%) in comparison to the AUC0-24h. This value should be considered with caution. 
 
 
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Table 2: Concentrations of Gabapentin and Ketoprofen in Brain and Plasma 24 hours 
Post-Administration via Oral Gavage. 
Test Item 
Ketoprofen 
in brain 
ng/g 
Gabapentin 
in brain 
ng/g 
Ketoprofen 
in plasma 
ng/mL 
Gabapentin 
in plasma 
ng/mL 
Brain/Plasma 
Ratio 
Ketoprofen 
% 
Brain/Plasma 
Ratio 
Gabapentin 
% 
KLS/ 
Gabapentin 
co-crystal 
633 ± 313 
320 ± 173 
15046 ± 
8590 
386 ± 259 
4.6 ± 1.7 
91.5 ± 18.8 
Data clearly demonstrated that gabapentin was able to cross the blood brain barrier, showing a 
91.5% of brain:plasma ratio. Interestingly, the brain penetration of ketoprofen was higher 
compared to the administration of ketoprofen alone (0.92%). 
Further details regarding the preclinical data can be found in the Investigator Brochure (IB). 
1.3.3. Toxicology  
Two studies in minipigs were conducted. In the first minipig study conducted 
 the 
dose of KLS was mistakenly multiplied by a coefficient factor of 2.25, thus resulting in a 
2.25-fold dose increase (22.5 mg/kg/day instead of 10 mg/kg/day), generating an immediate 
onset of severe clinical signs following the administration of DFL24412. 
After analysis of the study procedures and results, it was determined that the dose level that 
was mistakenly administered to the minipigs corresponded to a human equivalent dose (HED) 
of 1226 mg KLS. This is 15.3-fold higher than the first single dose proposed in Part A of this 
study (80 mg KLS). 
A second study in minipigs was conducted 
 using the correct dose of KLS combined 
with gabapentin. The drug combination was administered to two groups of animals, where each 
group received either a low content of impurity A in gabapentin (0.04%) or a high content of 
impurity A in gabapentin (3.3%). 
Both drug products (with low and high content of impurity A) were well tolerated. There were 
no mortalities or changes in clinical parameters, with the exception of some haematological 
changes, including decreased levels of erythrocytes, haemoglobin and haematocrit, and a slight 
increase of reticulocytes. These values correlated with the minimal or mild erosion/ulceration 
seen in the stomachs of some animals in both treatment groups. 
The changes observed in this study 
 are in line with those induced by NSAIDs in 
animals. Oral NSAIDs mostly affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney, inducing 
changes in these organs when doses are exceeded, or the treatment is prolonged. The minipig 
is a suitable animal model for extrapolating pharmacological, pharmacokinetics and tolerability 
data to humans.23,24 The dose administered makes a fundamental difference in the tolerability 
of NSAIDs including ketoprofen, and this is true in animals and in humans.25 
The HED of KLS administered to minipigs over 1 week of continuous oral treatment is 6.8-fold 
higher than the dose proposed to be administered as a single dose in this clinical study (Part A, 
80 mg KLS). The good tolerability at higher exposure in minipigs provides an adequate safety 
margin for humans, particularly for this drug type (NSAIDs) where we may have adverse 
effects at a certain threshold dose (the lowest effective dose significantly reduces the risk of 
serious adverse effects).25 
CCI
CCI
CCI
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In conclusion, the cause of death of the minipigs in study 
was clearly identified to be 
due to the excessive dose of KLS. In the second study in minipigs (
), the correct dose of 
DFL24412 was administered and was well tolerated, with only mild macroscopic and 
microscopic changes observed in the stomach and in some haematology parameters. Therefore, 
there are no concerns regarding administration of the study drug to healthy volunteers.  
Further details regarding the toxicology studies can be found in the IB. 
1.4. 
Clinical Experience 
No clinical studies have been conducted to date with the co-crystal of ketoprofen, lysine and 
gabapentin (DFL24412). Ketoprofen and gabapentin are well known products with well 
described clinical experience and safety profiles. 
Further details regarding the clinical data of ketoprofen and gabapentin can be found in the IB 
or the SmPC. 
1.5. 
Risk/Benefit Assessment  
There is no clinical data for the co-crystal of ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin (DFL24412). 
All the existing clinical data refer only to ketoprofen and gabapentin. 
Further information about the known and expected benefits and risks and reasonably expected 
AEs of ketoprofen and gabapentin may be found in the current IB.  
The risk assessment of the co-crystal of ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin (DFL24412) is based 
on the preclinical and studies with the co-crystal, and the preclinical studies, clinical studies 
and large marketing experience for ketoprofen and gabapentin conducted to date. Summaries 
of findings from these studies can be found in the IB. Details of these risks and the proposed 
strategy to mitigate/monitor these risks are detailed in Table 3.  
In this study, safety will be monitored closely both by subjective reporting and by objective 
means i.e., serial assessments of vital signs, clinical laboratory evaluations data, physical 
examinations, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and AE monitoring. In addition, further 
assessments may be performed as needed according to the Investigator’s judgement. This study 
will be run in a Clinical Research Unit (CRU) with immediate access to hospital facilities for 
the treatment of medical emergencies. Participants will remain monitored in the clinic for the 
duration of the study period and will only be discharged from the CRU at the end of the study 
period if the Investigator deems it safe to do so.  
In Part A, if a subject is scheduled to receive a first or second dose of a COVID-19 vaccination 
within 5 days prior to receiving a dose of investigational medicinal product (IMP), their dosing 
session will be rescheduled. In Part B, if a subject is scheduled to receive a first or second dose 
of a COVID-19 vaccination within 7 days prior to capsaicin exposure, their dosing session will 
be rescheduled.  
The vaccine will be considered as a concomitant medication with no interaction that requires 
advice.  
 
 
 
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Table 3: Risk/Benefit Assessment 
Potential Risk of Clinical Significance 
Summary of Data/Rationale for Risk 
Mitigation Strategy  
Skin and subcutaneous tissues reactions (including 
reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN] and 
Steven-Johnson Syndrome [SJS]) 
In an analysis of two European and one US database 
sources to quantify the risks of SJS and TEN 
associated with widely used NSAIDs in US and 
Europe, a total of 373 cases who developed SJS or 
TEN as outpatients and 1720 controls were included in 
the International Case-Control Study. Of the 373 cases, 
112 were exposed to NSAIDs (excluding aspirin).26 
Subjects with significant skin allergies, pigmentary 
disorders, or any active dermatological conditions will 
be excluded. Systematic medical examinations will be 
performed closely throughout the trial. 
Gastrointestinal disturbance (including gastrointestinal 
bleeding, ulceration, and perforation) 
By inhibiting cyclo-oxygenases (COX) non-
selectively, NSAIDs block the formation not only of 
pro-inflammatory, but also important gastroprotective 
prostaglandins; this pharmacodynamic effect is 
responsible for the symptomatic gastrointestinal 
disturbance associated with orally administered 
NSAIDs.27 
Subjects with a clinically relevant history of 
gastrointestinal disorder will be excluded. Safety 
monitoring will be performed closely throughout the 
study. 
Hypersensitivity 
Hypersensitivity to ketoprofen, such as life-threatening 
asthma, urticarial and angioedema have been reported 
after ketoprofen treatment.28 
Subjects with history of severe adverse reactions or 
allergies, or a history of anaphylactic reactions to 
prescription medications, non-prescription medications 
or food will be excluded. Safety monitoring will be 
performed closely throughout the study. 
Acute interstitial nephritis 
NSAIDs have been associated with the development of 
acute kidney injury, including acute interstitial 
nephritis.29 In addition, patients with renal impairment, 
cardiac failure or hepatic cirrhosis may show a 
reduction in glomerular blood flow, secondary to a 
reduction in intrarenal vasodilatory prostaglandin 
synthesis.30,31 
Subjects with clinically relevant history of endocrine, 
cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, or renal 
disorders will be excluded. Renal function will be 
closely monitored throughout the trial. 
Cardiovascular thrombotic events 
NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of serious 
cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial 
infarction) and stroke, which can be fatal; this risk may 
increase with duration of use.32  
A study showed that the estimated adjusted relative 
risk of heart failure associated with NSAIDs was 1.6 
(95% confidence interval = 1.2 – 2.1). The relative risk 
Subjects with clinically relevant history of 
endocrine/diabetic and cardiovascular disorders will be 
excluded. 
During the entire trial, medical examinations and the 
collection of vital signs will be systematically 
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was greater during the first month of therapy and was 
independent of treatment indication. The relative risk 
was even higher (1.9 [1.3 – 2.8]) among patients with 
prior history of hypertension, diabetes or renal failure 
in comparison to a rather low incidence (1.3 [0.9 – 
1.9]) among individuals without these conditions.33  
Furthermore, NSAIDs are associated with small, but 
significant, increase in blood pressure in hypertensive 
patients.34 
Jaundice and hepatitis 
Prospective studies show that 1% to 2% of patients 
taking ketoprofen experience at least transient serum 
aminotransferase elevations. Marked aminotransferase 
elevations (>3-fold elevated) occur in <1% of patients. 
Clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice from 
ketoprofen is very rare and only individual case reports 
have been published.35 
Only subjects who have normal range of AST, ALT, 
GGT and total bilirubin levels at the screening will be 
included. These laboratory evaluations will be closely 
monitored throughout the trial.  
Subjects with a positive result for HBsAg and anti-
hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) at screening will be 
excluded.  
For any subject who meets the hepatic transaminase 
threshold criteria, a close observation, including 
monitoring for symptoms and hepatic function will be 
performed. (See Section 7.5.1.3 and Appendix 4). 
COVID-19 vaccination 
No data are available on the use of ketoprofen and 
gabapentin in subjects who have received the 
COVID-19 vaccine. 
In Part A, if a subject is scheduled to receive a first or 
second dose of a COVID-19 vaccination within 5 days 
prior to receiving a dose of IMP, their dosing session 
will be rescheduled. In Part B, if a subject is scheduled 
to receive a first or second dose of a COVID-19 
vaccination within 7 days prior to capsaicin exposure, 
their dosing session will be rescheduled.  
The COVID-19 vaccine will be considered as a 
concomitant medication. 
All the details of the vaccine administered must be 
reported in the eCRF in the concomitant medication 
form. Any symptoms that occur during the study 
period will be reported in the eCRF. 
If a subject has COVID-19 symptoms, they will be 
withdrawn from the study and will be tested for 
SARS-CoV-2 according to the current UK standard 
testing. 
Abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19 = Coronavirus disease 2019; COX = cyclo-oxygenase; eCRF = electronic case report form; GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase; 
HBsAg = Hepatitis B surface antigen; IMP = investigational medicinal product; NSAIDs = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SJS = Steven-Johnson Syndrome; 
TEN = toxic epidermal necrolysis. 
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Important identified risks associated with Gabapentin use are: 
• Abuse and dependence 
• Concomitant use with opioids 
• Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) 
• Drowsiness/dizziness 
Important potential risks associated with Gabapentin use are: 
• Suicidality 
• Pancreatitis 
Given the significantly low dose of gabapentin contained in the investigational medicinal 
product (IMP), the prohibition of taking concomitant drugs and the inclusion of other exclusion 
criteria, these risks associated with gabapentin use are not expected to occur. However, subjects 
will be continuously monitored so that immediate action can be taken if necessary. 
 
 
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2. 
OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS 
2.1. 
Objectives (Part A) 
2.1.1. Primary Objective 
The primary objective of the study is: 
• To determine the single dose PK of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) compared to KLS 
alone (80 mg) in healthy male subjects. 
2.1.2. Secondary Objectives(s) 
The secondary objective of the study is: 
• To determine the safety and tolerability of a single oral dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-
34 mg) compared to KLS alone (80 mg) in healthy male subjects. 
2.2. 
Objectives (Part B) 
2.2.1. Primary Objective 
The primary objective of the study is: 
• To determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of KLS-GABA in the ID capsaicin 
model in healthy male subjects. 
2.2.2. Secondary Objectives(s) 
The secondary objectives of the study are: 
• To further investigate the safety, tolerability, and PK of single oral doses of KLS-
GABA and KLS alone. 
• To investigate the possible relationship between plasma levels of drug and efficacy 
in pain reduction. 
2.3. 
Endpoints (Part A) 
2.3.1. Primary Endpoints 
The primary endpoints are plasma PK concentrations and parameters of ketoprofen alone when 
administered as KLS and ketoprofen and gabapentin when administered as KLS-GABA, 
including but not limited to: area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), from zero to the 
last quantifiable concentrations (AUC0-t), AUC from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), AUC from zero 
to 12 hours postdose (AUC0-12h), AUC from zero to 24 hours postdose (AUC0-24h), AUC from 
zero to 36 hours postdose (AUC0-36h), AUC from zero to 48 hours postdose (AUC0-48h), Cmax, 
tmax and half-life (t1/2) in healthy male subjects. 
2.3.2. Secondary Endpoints 
The secondary endpoint of the study is the clinical safety data from AE reporting, 12-lead ECG, 
vital signs (supine blood pressure, heart rate, oral temperature), clinical laboratory evaluations 
(chemistry, haematology, urinalysis and coagulation) and physical examinations in healthy 
male subjects. 
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2.4. 
Endpoints (Part B) 
2.4.1. Primary Endpoint 
The primary endpoint of the study is: 
• Analgesia/reduction in pain post capsaicin injection from the ID capsaicin model. 
2.4.2. Secondary Endpoint(s) 
The secondary endpoints of the study are: 
• Subjective rating of pain from the ID capsaicin model. 
• Pain score of hyperalgesia from the ID capsaicin model. 
• Area and pain score of brush-evoked allodynia from the ID capsaicin model. 
• Area of flare (AF) from the ID capsaicin model. 
• Plasma PK concentrations. 
• Clinical safety data from AE reporting, 12-lead ECG, vital signs (supine blood 
pressure, heart rate, oral temperature), clinical laboratory evaluations (chemistry, 
haematology, urinalysis, and coagulation) and physical examinations in healthy male 
subjects. 
 
 
 
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3. 
STUDY DESIGN 
This is a Phase I, randomised, 2-part study to determine the PK, safety, and tolerability of single 
oral doses of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone in healthy male subjects (Part A), in addition 
to investigating the PD effects, PK/PD correlation, safety, and tolerability of three single oral 
dose levels of KLS-GABA compared to three single oral dose levels of KLS alone, 300 mg 
gabapentin alone and placebo in the ID capsaicin model in healthy male subjects (Part B). 
3.1. 
Part A 
Part A is a randomised, double-blind, crossover group study to investigate a single oral dose of 
KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone, in healthy male subjects. 
 
Figure 4: Study Design (Part A) 
It is planned to enrol 12 subjects. Subjects will take part in 2 treatment periods, in which they 
will receive a single dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) or a single dose of KLS (80 mg) alone 
in each treatment period. 
Subjects will be required to attend the CRU for a screening visit up to 28 days prior to first 
dosing in Treatment Period 1 to ensure they meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are in 
good general health (Section 6).  
Subjects will be admitted to the CRU on Day -1 of each treatment period for a body weight 
assessment and will receive a dose of KLS-GABA or KLS alone in the morning of Day 1. All 
subjects will undergo predose safety assessments and PK blood sampling on Day 1. All subjects 
will remain in the CRU until Day 3 (48 hours postdose) for the collection of safety assessments 
and PK blood samples at multiple time points. There will be a minimum of 7 days washout 
period between treatment periods. 
Subjects will attend a follow-up visit 5 to 7 days post the final dose after Treatment Period 2. 
The duration of participation for each subject is expected to last approximately 7 weeks. A 
detailed plan of study assessments is provided in Appendix 1. 
3.2. 
Part B 
Part B is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study to investigate 
single oral doses of KLS alone or KLS-GABA compared to 300 mg gabapentin alone or 
placebo, in healthy male subjects using the ID capsaicin model. 
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Figure 5: Study Design (Part B) 
It is planned to enrol 128 subjects randomised evenly to 8 possible treatments; subjects will 
receive either KLS alone, KLS-GABA, 300 mg gabapentin or placebo.  
The planned treatments are: 
• KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg or 160 mg) 
• KLS-GABA (40 mg-17mg, 80 mg-34 mg, or 160 mg-68 mg) 
• Gabapentin* (300 mg) 
• Placebo 
* Product commercialised in Italy: Neurontin 300 mg hard capsules. 
Subjects will be required to attend the CRU for a screening visit within 28 days prior to dosing 
to ensure they meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are in good general health (Section 6).  
Following initial screening, subjects will be required to attend the CRU for an additional 
screening visit at least 7 days prior to first dosing to assess their response to capsaicin and 
familiarise them in the pain measurements. Subjects will receive a single ID administration of 
100 µg capsaicin into a novel site on the volar surface of the forearm. Prior to and 15 minutes 
after administration of capsaicin, measurements of pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia and AF will 
be performed according to the procedures described in Section 9. In order for the subjects to 
be eligible, they must be able to tolerate the injection and also demonstrate a sufficient 
response, defined as an area of hyperalgesia ≥ 15cm2 15 minutes after the injection. 
Subjects will be admitted to the CRU on Day -1 for collection of baseline safety assessments, 
pain measurements and to complete the ID capsaicin model (see Appendix 2). Subjects will 
receive a single 100 µg capsaicin injection into a novel site on the volar surface of the forearm. 
Subjects will receive a single oral dose of KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg or 160 mg), KLS-GABA 
(40 mg-17 mg, 80 mg-34 mg or 160 mg-68 mg), 300 mg gabapentin or placebo in the morning 
of Day 1. All subjects will undergo predose safety assessments, pain measurements and PK 
blood sampling on Day 1. PK blood samples will also be taken prior to application of the ID 
capsaicin model on Day 1. All subjects will have an ID capsaicin injection on Day 1 at the tmax 
determined for KLS alone or KLS-GABA from Part A. All subjects will remain in the CRU 
until 12 hours postdose for the collection of safety assessments, pain measurements and PK 
blood samples at multiple timepoints. 
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Subjects will attend a follow-up visit 5 to 7 days postdose. The duration of participation for 
each subject is expected to last approximately 6 weeks. A detailed plan of study assessments 
is provided in Appendix 2. 
3.3. 
Rationale for Study Design 
This study is designed to evaluate the PK profile, safety, and tolerability of single oral doses 
of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone in healthy male subjects (Part A), in addition to 
investigating the safety, tolerability, PK and PD effects of three single oral dose levels of 
KLS-GABA compared to three single oral dose levels of KLS alone, 300 mg gabapentin alone 
and placebo in the ID capsaicin model in healthy male subjects (Part B). 
A crossover design will be utilised in Part A to permit a within-subject comparative assessment 
of the safety and PK of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone in healthy male subjects. A 
minimum washout period of 7 days has been selected based on the t1/2 of KLS and gabapentin, 
and therefore should be sufficient to ensure clearance of the drug. 
Placebo is included in Part B of the study to permit comparative assessment of the safety and 
tolerability of KLS alone, KLS-GABA, and gabapentin alone, and to evaluate the balance of 
benefit and risk of KLS-GABA.  
Intradermal injection of capsaicin has been widely used as a challenge agent to induce 
symptoms of neuropathic pain such as hyperalgesia and allodynia for periods of up to 8 hours 
post administration. In these challenge studies, capsaicin injection has been shown to be safe, 
well-tolerated and does not produce any lasting damage to the subjects injected. The use of ID 
capsaicin provides a safe and scientifically meaningful model to investigate the potential 
efficacy of drugs for neuropathic pain and other chronic pain conditions.14 
This study includes standard assessments to evaluate safety and tolerability, including vital 
signs, physical examinations, 12-lead ECGs, clinical laboratory evaluations and AE collection. 
Healthy male subjects have been selected for this study to mitigate any confounding effects of 
disease state and concomitant medications. Subjects with a skin type compatible with capsaicin 
measurements have been chosen, and subjects who can tolerate capsaicin injections, have been 
chosen to participate in Part B to allow collection of pain measurements. 
To mitigate the risks to subject and CRU staff safety from the current COVID-19 pandemic, 
participation in the study will be conditional on respecting local lockdown rules. Government 
guidelines and local lockdown rules will be respected throughout the duration of the study. 
MAC and the Sponsor will risk assess any significant changes that may impact on local travel. 
The subject’s ability to travel will be checked during the recruitment process and this 
information updated at the time of scheduling individual subject’s visits. 
3.4. 
Dose Rationale 
Ketoprofen and gabapentin, the two individual components of the IMP, are both authorised 
medicinal products and have been widely used in clinical practice for many years. Therefore, 
the doses selected for this study are supported by clinical safety data deriving from extensive 
experience with these drugs. 
The labelled doses of KLS are 40 mg up to 3 times per day, or KLS 80 mg up to 2 times per 
day. The maximum dose of ketoprofen is 200 mg. Gabapentin administration can be 
administered by titrating the dose (e.g., Day 1: 300 mg once a day; Day 2: 300 mg two times a 
day; Day3: 300 mg three times a day), or by administering 300 mg three times per day from 
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Day 1. Based on individual patient response and tolerability, the gabapentin dose level can be 
further increased in 300 mg/day increments every 2 to 3 days, up to a maximum of 
3600 mg/day. 
The current study in healthy volunteers is planned to consist of a single oral dose of KLS-
GABA (80 mg-34 mg) in Part A, and three oral dose levels of KLS-GABA once daily in Part B, 
as follows: 
• KLS 40 mg/GABA 17 mg,  
• KLS 80 mg/GABA 34 mg  
• KLS 160 mg/GABA 68 mg  
These doses are within the range considered to be safe and with acceptable tolerability in the 
previous clinical trials investigating both ketoprofen and gabapentin. Further details can be 
found in the IB or the SmPC. 
The selection of dose and dose regimen specifically related to the KLS-GABA co-crystal is 
based on the currently available non-clinical information. In preclinical models, the co-crystal 
was proven to be more effective compared to administration of KLS alone, gabapentin alone 
and coadministration of KLS and gabapentin. 
3.5. 
Individual Stopping Criteria 
Any subject who experiences increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine 
aminotransferase (ALT) ≥5-fold upper limit of normal (ULN), or ≥3-fold ULN with 
concomitant serum total bilirubin ≥2-fold the ULN and ≥35% direct, will be withdrawn from 
the study and will be followed until resolution of the abnormal laboratory values. 
Subjects will be withdrawn from any further IMP administration if the subject individually 
fulfils any of the stopping criteria detailed in Section 3.6.  
3.6. 
Study Stopping Criteria 
Other stopping criteria will also include: 
• A ‘serious’ adverse reaction (see Section 7.5.1.2 for definition of ‘serious’) in 
1 subject, i.e., a serious adverse event (SAE) that is considered at least possibly 
related to IMP administration. 
• A ‘severe’ non-serious adverse reaction (i.e., severe non-serious adverse events 
[AEs] considered as, at least, possibly related to IMP administration) in 2 subjects at 
the same dose level, independent of within or not within the same System Organ 
Class (SOC). 
• If there is an unacceptable tolerability profile for the IMP based on the nature, 
frequency and intensity of observed AEs and/or clinical safety monitoring. 
• If a subject tests positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 
(SARS-CoV-2). 
If any of the study stopping criteria are fulfilled, all dosing will be stopped immediately in all 
study subjects. No further dosing will be permitted at a group or individual level. 
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If 2 adverse reactions occur that the concern the Investigator and warrant the unblinding of 
treatment, the study will be halted, and a notification will be sent to the Regulatory Authority 
to confirm the status of the study and the reason for the study halt. The Investigator has the sole 
responsibility for determining if unblinding of treatment is necessary for medical management 
of an event. 
If the trial is halted due to safety concerns, or because the stopping criteria are fulfilled, the 
trial will only resume after Regulatory Authority approval via a substantial Amendment. 
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4. 
STUDY SETTING 
A single clinical research facility will be used for both parts of this study. 
 
 
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5. 
STUDY TREATMENTS 
5.1. 
Name and Description of Investigational Product(s) 
The KLS, KLS-GABA, gabapentin and placebo will be provided as capsules for oral 
administration.  
Further supportive information will be provided in the Pharmacy Manual.  
The KLS-GABA, KLS and placebo IMP will be manufactured to Good Manufacturing Process 
(GMP) standards and used exclusively in the clinical study according to the instructions in this 
Protocol and the Pharmacy Manual. The gabapentin will be a commercially available hard 
capsule (Neurontin) 300 mg. Until the IMP is dispensed to the subjects, it should be stored at 
a controlled room temperature of 15-25°C.  
The Investigator will be responsible for storage and accountability of the IMP. Safety 
information regarding the IMP is provided in the IB. 
5.2. 
Treatment Administration 
5.2.1. Part A 
KLS 80 mg capsules or co-crystal KLS-GABA 114 mg (80 mg-34 mg) capsules will be 
administered once in the morning of Day 1 in Part A in either Treatment Period 1 or 2, 
according to the randomisation schedule in the fasted state. Capsules will be administered with 
240 mL of water. 
5.2.2. Part B 
The active IMP in Part B (KLS, KLS-GABA, or gabapentin) or placebo will be administered 
once in the morning of Day 1 as capsules in the fasted state. Subjects assigned to receive 
160 mg KLS alone will be administered two KLS 80 mg capsules, and subjects assigned to 
receive 160 mg-68 mg KLS-GABA will be administered two co-crystal KLS-GABA 114 mg 
(80 mg-34 mg) capsules. To maintain the blind, subjects assigned to receive either 40 mg KLS 
alone, 80 mg KLS alone, 40 mg-17mg KLS-GABA, 80 mg-34 mg KLS-GABA or 300 mg 
gabapentin will also receive a placebo capsule (dummy placebo). Subjects assigned to receive 
placebo will receive 2 placebo capsules. Capsules will be administered with 240 mL of water. 
Subjects will be fasted overnight prior to dosing until 3 hours postdose. Water will be allowed 
ad libitum except for 1 hour before and 3 hours after dosing. 
5.3. 
Concomitant Medication 
The Investigator may review medication use on a case-by-case basis to determine if its use 
would compromise subject safety or interfere with study procedures or data interpretation 
(exclusion criteria relating to concomitant medication are presented in Section 6.2). By 
exception, the subject may take acetaminophen (less or equal 2 g/day) for up to 48 hours prior 
to dosing. All concomitant medications used (including over-the-counter [OTC] medications 
and herbal supplements) will be recorded in the source documents and on the appropriate 
electronic case report form (eCRF). 
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5.4. 
Assessment of Compliance with Treatment 
All doses will be administered by study staff under direct observation. The administration of 
the study drug will be recorded within the appropriate pages of the eCRF. Any deviations from 
the planned dosing procedure will be recorded within the eCRF. 
5.5. 
Blinding  
This study will be double-blinded (Investigator- and subject-blinded). The randomisation list 
will be kept in a secure location until the end of the study. Only the Pharmacy staff involved in 
handling the study drug, an unblinded dosing team, and laboratory staff responsible for 
analysing the PK blood samples will be unblinded during the study and will have access to the 
randomisation list. The laboratory responsible for analysing the PK blood samples will 
maintain the blind of other individuals involved in the study and will share the draft analytical 
results in a codified manner, according to the Dompé SOP, to maintain the blind. 
The Investigator has complete autonomy over participant safety throughout the duration of the 
study and will have access to the code break envelopes to ensure he/she is able to unblind any 
of the study participants only in the case of medical emergency. EUDRAC Ltd (and Dompé 
Pharmacovigilance) are unblinded for this study and will have access to the code-break 
envelopes for the purposes of carrying out safety related regulatory submissions and also as 
emergency cover should this be necessary. 
5.6. 
Emergency Unblinding  
The study blind should not be broken except in a medical emergency where knowledge of the 
treatment identity is essential for treating the subject. The Investigator has the sole 
responsibility for determining if unblinding of treatment is necessary for medical management 
of an event. If the treatment blind needs to be broken in the interest of patient safety in the 
event of a medical emergency, the Investigator is allowed to break the treatment code for the 
specific patient, even before informing the Sponsor. To ensure the ongoing monitoring of the 
benefit-risk profile of the IMP, the Investigator must always notify the Sponsor of any 
emergency unblinding due to medical reasons, so that the reason for any premature unmasking 
can be documented. This will be done by means of a communication to EUDRAC and 
secondary to Dompé. Unblinding is performed through the use of Code Break materials. The 
Code Break materials are secured in the pharmacy safe with the safe code readily accessible 
by the Investigator if there is an emergency. The applicable SOPs will be followed to break the 
blind. 
Dompé Pharmacovigilance Department is allowed to unblind treatment only for documented 
safety reasons, and before regulatory reporting of a potential Suspected Unexpected Serious 
Adverse Reaction (SUSAR), to fulfil expedited regulatory reporting requirements. 
Unblinded information shall not be disclosed to the Investigator, Medical Monitor and the 
Sponsor’s Clinical Development Department. 
After database lock, the overall randomisation code will be broken only for reporting purposes.  
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6. 
SELECTION AND WITHDRAWAL OF SUBJECTS 
The study population includes 12 healthy male subjects in Part A and 128 healthy male subjects 
in Part B. Each subject should meet all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria 
for this study. Under no circumstances can there be exceptions to this rule.  
6.1. 
Inclusion Criteria 
6.1.1. Part A 
Subjects meeting the following criteria will be included in the study: 
1. Subject is male, of any ethnic origin. 
2. Subject is aged between 18 to 55 years, inclusive. 
3. Subject has a body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 32 kg/m2, inclusive. 
4. Subject is ≥50 kg. 
5. Negative SARS-CoV-2 test at Screening and Day -1 in each treatment period. 
6. Healthy as determined by a responsible physician, based on medical evaluation 
including medical history, physical examinations, concomitant medication, vital signs, 
12-lead ECG, and clinical laboratory evaluations.  
7. Subjects must use a condom during the trial and for 3 months after their final dose of 
trial medication, if their partner is a woman of childbearing potential. In addition, their 
female partner of childbearing potential must use an additional method of highly 
effective contraception (see Section 6.4.1) from dosing until 3 months following 
dosing. 
8. Subject is either a non-smoker or does not smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day (or 
equivalent e-cigarette use). 
9. Provision of giving written informed consent, which includes compliance with the 
requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form. 
6.1.2. Part B 
Subjects meeting the following criteria will be included in the study: 
1. Subject is male, with a skin type compatible with capsaicin measurements. 
2. Subject is aged between 18 to 55 years, inclusive. 
3. Subject has a BMI of 18 to 32 kg/m2, inclusive. 
4. Subject is ≥50 kg. 
5. Negative SARS-CoV-2 test at Screening and Day -1. 
6. Healthy as determined by a responsible physician, based on medical evaluation 
including medical history, physical examination, concomitant medication, vital signs, 
12-lead ECG, and clinical laboratory evaluations.  
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7. Subject must be in good general health with a skin type compatible with the measures, 
and without significant skin allergies, pigmentary disorders, or any active 
dermatological conditions that might interfere with the conduct of the study. 
8. Subjects must use a condom during the trial and for 3 months after their final dose of 
trial medication, if their partner is a woman of childbearing potential. In addition, their 
female partner of childbearing potential must use an additional method of highly 
effective contraception (see Section 6.4.1) from dosing until 3 months following 
dosing. 
9. Subjects must be able to tolerate the capsaicin injection at screening. 
10. Demonstration of positive hyperalgesia as defined by an area of hyperalgesia ≥15 cm2 
15 minutes after ID administration of 100 µg capsaicin at the additional screening visit 
at least 7 days prior to first dosing. 
11. Subject is a either non-smoker or does not smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day (or 
equivalent e-cigarette use). 
12. Provision of giving written informed consent, which includes compliance with the 
requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form. 
6.2. 
Exclusion Criteria (Part A) 
Subjects with any of the following will be excluded from study participation: 
1. Clinically relevant history of abnormal physical or mental health interfering with the 
study as determined by medical history and physical examinations obtained during 
screening as judged by the Investigator (including [but not limited to], neurological, 
psychiatric, endocrine/diabetic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, or 
renal disorder). 
2. Clinically relevant abnormal laboratory results (including hepatic and renal panels, 
complete blood count, chemistry panel and urinalysis), 12-lead ECG and vital signs, or 
physical findings at screening. In case of uncertain or questionable results, tests 
performed during screening may be repeated once to confirm eligibility or judged to be 
clinically irrelevant for healthy subjects. 
3. History or clinical evidence of any disease and/or existence of any surgical or medical 
condition which might interfere with the absorption, distribution, metabolism and 
excretion (ADME) of the study drugs. 
4. Any other concomitant disease or condition that could interfere with, or for which the 
treatment might interfere with, the conduct of the study as outlined in this Protocol, 
safety of the subject as per the SmPC of KLS and gabapentin (Neurontin 300 mg hard 
capsules) or that would, in the opinion of the Investigator, pose an unacceptable risk to 
the subject in this study. 
5. Subject has a history of neurological disorders which may impact the perception of pain 
or impairs the subject’s ability to fully participate in the study. 
6. Subject has a significant skin allergy, pigmentary disorder, or any active dermatological 
condition. 
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7. AST, ALT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) or total bilirubin levels above the ULN 
at screening. These laboratory evaluations may be repeated once at the discretion of the 
Investigator. If the repeat test is within the reference range, the subject may be included 
only if the Investigator considers that the previous finding will not introduce additional 
risk factors and will not interfere with interpretation of safety data.  
8. Positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C antibody (anti-
HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus I and II antibodies (anti-HIV I/II) at 
screening. 
9. Positive urine test for drugs of abuse or alcohol breath test at screening or Day -1 of 
each treatment period.  
10. History of drug and/or alcohol abuse/dependence, or intake of >28 units of alcohol 
weekly, and the inability to refrain from alcohol use from 48 hours before screening 
and each scheduled visit until discharge from the CRU. One unit is equivalent to a 285 
mL glass of full-strength beer or 1 (30 mL) measure of spirits or 1 glass (100 mL) of 
wine. 
11. Habitual and heavy consumption of caffeinated beverages (>8 cups of coffee or 
equivalent per day) at screening; and/or unable to refrain from use of (methyl) xanthine 
(e.g., coffee, tea, cola, chocolate) from 48 hours prior to dosing until discharge from 
the CRU.  
12. The subject has participated in a clinical study and has received a medication or a new 
chemical entity within 3 months or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to dosing of 
current study medication. 
13. Use of any prescription or non-prescription medications, including herbal and 
nutritional supplements (including St. John’s wort), or OTC medications (e.g., 
ibuprofen, aspirin) within 14 days of dosing and throughout the study. By exception, 
the subject may take acetaminophen (less or equal 2 g/day) for up to 48 hours prior to 
dosing. The Investigator may review medication on a case-by-case basis to determine 
if its use would compromise subject safety or interfere with study procedures or data 
interpretation.  
14. History of severe adverse reactions or allergies, or history of an anaphylactic reaction 
to prescription medications, non-prescription medication, food, NSAIDs or gabapentin 
(non-active hay-fever is acceptable). 
15. Consumption of any food or drinks containing cranberry, pomegranate, starfruit, 
grapefruit, pomelos, exotic citrus fruits or Seville oranges (including marmalade and 
juices made from these fruits) within 14 days before admission to the CRU until the 
end of the study. 
16. Strenuous exercise within 48 hours prior to each blood collection for clinical laboratory 
tests. 
17. Donation of blood or plasma of >500 mL within 3 months prior to first dosing, or 
subject intends to donate blood during the study. 
18. Male subject who will not abstain from sperm donation between dosing and 3 months 
after final dosing.  
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19. Any degree of previous or known hypersensitivity to the active substance or the 
excipients of the IMP. 
6.3. 
Exclusion Criteria (Part B) 
Subjects with any of the following will be excluded from study participation: 
1. Clinically relevant history of abnormal physical or mental health interfering with the 
study as determined by medical history and physical examinations obtained during 
screening as judged by the Investigator (including [but not limited to], neurological, 
psychiatric, endocrine/diabetic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, or 
renal disorder). 
2. Clinically relevant abnormal laboratory results (including hepatic and renal panels, 
complete blood count, chemistry panel and urinalysis), 12-lead ECG and vital signs, or 
physical findings at screening. In case of uncertain or questionable results, tests 
performed during screening may be repeated once to confirm eligibility or judged to be 
clinically irrelevant for healthy subjects. 
3. Has a skin trauma, any active skin disorder, significant scarring, significant skin allergy, 
pigmentary disorder, active dermatological condition, skin disease or tattoos on either 
forearm, or a significant history of trauma or skin disease in either arm. 
4. Subject has a known intolerance to capsaicin, hot peppers, or any excipient in the IMP. 
5. Subject has active chronic pain condition(s) or a history of chronic pain conditions. 
6. History or clinical evidence of any disease and/or existence of any surgical or medical 
condition which might interfere with the ADME of the study drug. 
7. Any other concomitant disease or condition that could interfere with, or for which the 
treatment might interfere with, the conduct of the study as outlined in this Protocol, 
safety of the subject as per the SmPCs of KLS and gabapentin (Neurontin 300 mg hard 
capsules) or that would, in the opinion of the Investigator, pose an unacceptable risk to 
the subject in this study. 
8. Subject has a history of neurological disorders which may impact the perception of pain 
or impairs the subject’s ability to fully participate in the study. 
9. AST, ALT, GGT or total bilirubin levels above the ULN at screening. These laboratory 
evaluations may be repeated once at the discretion of the Investigator. If the repeat test 
is within the reference range, the subject may be included only if the Investigator 
considers that the previous finding will not introduce additional risk factors and will 
not interfere with interpretation of safety data.  
10. Positive test for HBsAg, anti-HCV or anti-HIV I/II at screening. 
11. Positive urine test for drugs of abuse or alcohol breath test at screening.  
12. History of drug and/or alcohol abuse/dependence, or intake of >28 units of alcohol 
weekly, and the inability to refrain from alcohol use from 48 hours before Screening 
and each scheduled visit until discharge from the CRU. One unit is equivalent to a 
285 mL glass of full-strength beer or 1 (30 mL) measure of spirits or 1 glass (100 mL) 
of wine. 
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13. Habitual and heavy consumption of caffeinated beverages (>8 cups of coffee or 
equivalent per day) at screening; and/or unable to refrain from use of (methyl) xanthine 
(e.g., coffee, tea, cola, chocolate) from 48 hours prior to dosing until discharge from 
the CRU.   
14. The subject has participated in a clinical study and has received a medication or a new 
chemical entity within 3 months or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to dosing of 
current study medication. 
15. Use of any prescription or non-prescription medications, including herbal and 
nutritional supplements (including St. John’s wort), or OTC medications (e.g., 
ibuprofen, aspirin) within 14 days of dosing and throughout the study. By exception, 
the subject may take acetaminophen (less or equal 2 g/day) for up to 48 hours prior to 
dosing. The Investigator may review medication on a case-by-case basis to determine 
if its use would compromise subject safety or interfere with study procedures or data 
interpretation.  
16. History of severe adverse reactions or allergies, or history of an anaphylactic reaction 
to prescription medication, non-prescription medication, food, NSAIDs, gabapentin, 
(non-active hay-fever is acceptable), the planned local anaesthesia/analgesic regimens, 
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Kolliphor HS 15, butylated hydroxytoluene, or 
capsaicin. 
17. Known hypersensitivity or allergy to any component of the placebo capsules. 
18. Consumption of any food or drinks containing cranberry, pomegranate, starfruit, 
grapefruit, pomelos, exotic citrus fruits, or Seville oranges (including marmalade and 
juices made from these fruits) within 14 days before admission to the CRU until the 
end of the study. 
19. Strenuous exercise within 48 hours prior to each blood collection for clinical laboratory 
tests.  
20. Subject has participated in a clinical study involving administration of capsaicin within 
12 months of the screening visit. 
21. Donation of blood or plasma of >500 mL within 3 months prior to dosing, or subject 
intends to donate blood during the study. 
22. Male subject who will not abstain from sperm donation between dosing and 3 months 
after dosing.  
23. Any degree of previous or known hypersensitivity to the active substance or the 
excipients of the IMP. 
6.4. 
Study Restrictions 
6.4.1. Contraception Restrictions 
Male subjects with a female sexual partner of child-bearing potential must wear a condom 
(from first dosing until 3 months after final dosing) in addition to their female partner using a 
highly effective method of contraception, from first dosing until 3 months following final 
dosing. Contraceptive methods that can achieve a failure rate of less than 1% per year when 
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used consistently and correctly are considered as highly effective birth control methods. Such 
methods include: 
• Combined (oestrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception 
associated with inhibition of ovulation: 
o Oral 
o Intravaginal  
o Transdermal 
• Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation: 
o Oral  
o Injectable 
o Implantable 
• Intrauterine device or intrauterine hormone-releasing system 
• Bilateral tubal occlusion 
• Surgical sterilisation 
If the male subject is vasectomised then this will be accepted as a second form of highly 
effective contraception, in addition to the subject also wearing a condom. Sexual abstinence is 
considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual 
intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with study treatment and must be part of 
the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. 
6.4.2. Lifestyle Restrictions 
Subjects should abstain from strenuous exercise for 48 hours prior to each blood collection for 
clinical laboratory tests, and while in the CRU.  
Subjects participating in Part B of the study must refrain from sunbathing during their 
participation in the study (from Screening to discharge from the CRU following completion of 
all procedures). 
6.4.3. Meals and Dietary Restrictions 
The subjects are required to adhere to the following restrictions: 
• Subjects should refrain from consumption any food or drinks containing cranberry, 
pomegranate, starfruit, grapefruit, pomelos, exotic citrus fruits, or Seville oranges 
(including marmalade and juices made from these fruits) within 14 days before 
admission and throughout the study until completion of study.  
• Subjects should abstain from alcohol for 48 hours prior to each visit until after 
discharge from the CRU.  
• Subjects should abstain from (methyl) xanthine- and caffeine-containing products for 
48 hours prior to dosing until discharge from the unit from CRU.  
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• Subjects will be fasted overnight for at least 8 hours predose until 3 hours postdose. 
In addition, subjects should fast 4 hours prior to clinical laboratory evaluations at 
each visit. Water will be allowed ad libitum, except for 1 hour before and 3 hours 
after dosing. Standard meals and drinks will be provided at all other times.  
• Subjects should refrain from consuming poppy seeds 48 hours prior to Screening and 
Day -1 (in each treatment period for Part A) to avoid a positive result on the drugs of 
abuse screen.  
6.5. 
Subject Withdrawal Criteria 
For all subjects withdrawn from the study, discontinuation procedures as described in 
Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 should be conducted prior to discharge in the study. In Part B, 
subjects will be replaced should they vomit after receiving their dose of IMP, or if they do not 
receive the ID capsaicin. 
Reasons for withdrawal or discontinuation at any time during the study may include any of the 
following reasons: 
• Adverse event: Clinical or para-clinical events occurred that, in the medical 
judgement of the Investigator for the best interest of the subjects, are grounds for 
discontinuation. This includes serious and non-serious AEs regardless of relation to 
the study medication.  
• Withdrawal of consent: The subject desired to withdraw from further participation in 
the study in the absence of an Investigator determined medical need to withdraw. If 
the subject gave a reason for withdrawing it should be recorded in the eCRF.  
• Investigator decision. 
• Lost to follow-up: The subject stopped coming for visits and study personnel were 
unable to contact the subject. 
• The subject tests positive for SARS-CoV-2 at any point during the study. 
• Other: The subject was discontinued for a reason other than those listed above, such 
as termination of the study by the Sponsor. The reason(s) should be recorded in the 
eCRF.  
6.6. 
Follow-up Procedures 
The Investigator will make diligent attempts to contact subjects who fail to return for a 
scheduled visit or were otherwise unable to attend the follow-up visit. All discontinuations and 
the reason for early discontinuation will be documented by the Investigator, and if appropriate 
on the AE form.  
 
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7. 
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS 
Baseline safety data assessments for all parts of the study will be collected predose at the 
nearest timepoint to dosing as shown in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. The subjects will attend 
a follow-up visit 5 to 7 days post-discharge from the CRU for safety follow-up procedures as 
shown in the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). 
7.1. 
Clinical Laboratory Evaluations 
Clinical laboratory evaluations will be performed including [clinical chemistry, haematology, 
coagulation, and urinalysis] as indicated in the table below (Table 4). Serology, drugs of abuse, 
alcohol and SARS-CoV-2 (according to the current UK standard testing) screen will be 
performed as indicated in the table below (Table 4). Approximate blood sampling volumes are 
provided in Appendix 3. 
All blood and urine analyses will be conducted at the sampling times indicated in the Schedule 
of Assessments (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). The clinical laboratory evaluation results will 
be collected at screening (in Part A and B) and at check-in on Day -1 to the CRU (in Part B), 
in time for results to be reviewed prior to dose administration. For abnormal values, additional 
testing may be performed, or clinical laboratory evaluations may be added to evaluate the 
abnormal values. Clinically significant values should be followed until resolution or until they 
reach a stable state.  
Table 4: Clinical Laboratory Evaluations 
Blood Chemistry 
Amylase 
BUN 
Creatinine 
Glucose 
Sodium 
Potassium 
Phosphate 
Chloride 
Calcium 
AST 
ALT 
GGT 
Alkaline phosphatase 
Total bilirubin 
Uric acid 
Albumin 
Total protein 
Lactate dehydrogenase 
Urinalysis (dipstick)  
Glucose 
Bilirubin 
Ketone 
Specific Gravity 
Blood 
pH 
Protein 
Urobilinogen 
Nitrite 
Leukocyte Esterase 
 
Microscopic analysis if dipstick is abnormal 
 
Haematology 
Haemoglobin  
Haematocrit 
RBC count 
RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) 
Platelet count 
White blood cell count with differential 
Drugs of abuse 
Amphetamines  
Barbiturates 
Benzodiazepines 
Cocaine 
Cannabinoids  
Opiates 
Coagulation 
Prothrombin time 
International normalization ratio 
Activated partial thromboplastin time 
Other Screens 
Alcohol (breath)  
SARS-CoV-2 according to the current UK standard 
testing 
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Virology 
Anti-HIV I/II 
Anti-HCV 
HBsAg 
Abbreviations: ALT – alanine aminotransferase; Anti-HIV I/II – Anti-human immunodeficiency virus I and II; Anti-HCV – anti-hepatitis C 
antibody; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; GGT – gamma-glutamyltransferase; HBsAG – hepatitis B surface 
antigen; MCV – mean corpuscular volume; MCH - mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCHC – mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; 
SARS-CoV-2 – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. 
 
7.2. 
12-lead Electrocardiogram 
A 12-lead ECG will be collected at the timepoints indicated in the Schedule of Assessments 
(Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). The 12-lead ECG will be collected in triplicate, approximately 
1 minute apart, at Screening, and within approximately 1-hour predose. Single readings will be 
collected at all other timepoints. 12-lead ECGs should be obtained after the subject has rested 
in the supine position for at least 5 minutes. In the event of an abnormal finding, recordings 
should be performed in triplicate. Triplicate recordings will be performed within 30 minutes of 
an abnormal finding. The ECG machine used should automatically calculate the HR and PR, 
RR, QRS and QTcF intervals. 
For timepoints with multiple assessments: 
• collect the ECG first,  
• then vital signs, 
• then the PK blood draw. The PK sample should be collected at the scheduled time 
postdose.  
7.3. 
Vital Signs and Oral Temperature 
Supine vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure and oral temperature will be collected 
at the timepoints in the Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). Predose vital 
signs should be collected within 30 minutes predose.  
For timepoints with multiple assessments: 
•  collect the ECG first,  
• then vital signs,  
• then the PK blood draw. The PK sample should be collected at the scheduled time 
postdose. 
7.4. 
Physical Examinations 
A physical examination, including height, BMI, and body weight, and assessments of the head, 
eyes, ears, nose, throat, skin, thyroid, neurological, lungs, cardiovascular system, abdomen 
(liver and spleen), lymph nodes and extremities will be conducted at the times indicated in the 
Schedule of Assessments (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). 
7.5. 
Adverse Event Reporting 
Adverse event monitoring will be conducted at the times specified in the Schedule of 
Assessments (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). Adverse events will be elicited through non-
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leading questions and spontaneous reporting by subjects. The Investigator is responsible for 
evaluating AEs and for the appropriate medical care of subjects during the study. 
7.5.1. Definition and Criteria 
7.5.1.1. Adverse Event  
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a study subject which either emerges, or worsens 
from Screening, during the clinical study, regardless of its potential relationship to the 
medicinal product. An AE, therefore, can be any unfavourable or unintended sign, including a 
clinically-significant abnormal laboratory finding, symptom, or disease temporally associated 
with the use of a medical product, whether or not it is considered to be study medication related.  
Examples of an AE include: 
• Exacerbation of a pre-existing condition including either an increase in frequency 
and/or intensity of the condition. 
• New conditions detected or diagnosed. 
• Signs or symptoms of a drug interaction. 
• Signs or symptoms of a suspected overdose of either IMP or a concurrent medication 
(overdose per se should not be reported as an AE/SAE) 
• A new laboratory abnormality occurring after the start of the study (i.e., after 
Screening) that results in subject withdrawal from the study or medical treatment or 
further follow-up.  
o Note: abnormal laboratory or other values obtained during Screening that 
preclude a subject from entering the study are not considered AEs but will be 
recorded.  
Adverse events may include pre- or post-treatment events that occur as a result of 
Protocol- mandated procedures (i.e., invasive procedures, modification of subject’s previous 
therapeutic regimen).  
A medical intervention to address an AE is an “action taken” and not an AE itself. 
7.5.1.2. Serious Adverse Event 
An SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose: 
• Results in death, 
• Is life-threatening, 
o Note: The term ‘life-threatening’ in the definition of ‘serious’ refers to an event 
in which the subject was at risk of death at the time of the event. It does not refer 
to an event, which hypothetically might have caused death, if it were more 
severe. 
• Requires hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation,  
o Note: In general, hospitalisation signifies that the subject has been detained 
(usually involving at least an overnight stay) at the hospital or emergency ward 
for observation and/or treatment that would not have been appropriate in the 
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physician’s office or out setting. Complications that occur during hospitalisation 
are AEs. If complication prolongs hospitalisation or fulfils any other serious 
criteria, the event is serious. When in doubt whether ‘hospitalisation’ occurred 
or was necessary, the AE should be considered serious.  
• Results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, 
o Note: The term ‘disability’ means a substantial disruption of a person’s ability 
to conduct normal life functions. This definition is not intended to include 
experiences of relatively minor medical significance such as uncomplicated 
headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, influenza and accidental trauma (e.g., 
sprained ankle) which may interfere or prevent everyday life functions but do 
not constitute a substantial disruption.  
• Is a congenital abnormality or birth defect, 
• Is an important medical event.  
o Note: Medical or scientific judgement should be exercised in deciding whether 
reporting is appropriate in other situations, such as important medical events 
that may not be immediately life threatening, or result in death or 
hospitalisation, but may jeopardise the subject or may require medical or 
surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in the above 
definition. These should also be considered serious. Examples of such events 
are invasive or malignant cancers, intensive treatment in an emergency room or 
at home for allergic bronchospasm, blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do not 
result in hospitalisation, or development of drug dependency or drug abuse. 
o Note: The terms “serious” and “severe” ARE NOT synonymous. The term 
“severe” is often used to describe the intensity (severity) of a specific event (as 
in mild, moderate or severe myocardial infarction); the event itself, however, 
may be of relatively minor medical significance (such as severe headache). This 
is NOT the same as “serious”, which is based on subject/event outcome or action 
criteria described above and are usually associated with events that pose a threat 
to a subject’s life or functioning. A severe AE does not necessarily need to be 
considered serious. For example, persistent nausea of several hours duration 
may be considered severe nausea but not an SAE. On the other hand, a stroke 
resulting in only a minor degree of disability may be considered mild but would 
be defined as an SAE based on the above criteria. Seriousness (not severity) 
serves as a guide for defining regulatory reporting obligations.   
7.5.1.3. Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSARs) 
A SUSAR is defined as an AE that occurs in a clinical trial subject, which is assessed by the 
Sponsor and or study Investigator as being unexpected, serious and as having a reasonable 
possibility of a causal relationship with the study drug. The Sponsor is responsible for the 
regulatory reporting of SUSARs. An AE will be considered unexpected if the nature, severity, 
frequency of the event is not consistent with the risk information previously described for the 
IMPs, and reported in the IB for the study product KLS-GABA (Reference Safety Information 
[RSI] Section) or in the SmPCs for the medicinal product KLS and gabapentin (Neurontin 
300 mg hard capsules), respectively. The process for recording and reporting SUSARs is 
defined in the Sponsor SOPs in accordance with regulatory guidelines. 
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7.5.1.4. Expectedness 
An AE is considered expected if it is either listed in the IB for KLS-GABA (RSI Section) or 
the SmPCs for KLS and gabapentin (Neurontin 300 mg hard capsules). An event is unexpected 
when it is not listed in the IB for KLS-GABA or the SmPCs for KLS and gabapentin (Neurontin 
300 mg hard capsules), including when it is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been 
observed and reported in the IB or SmPCs. Events that are mentioned in the IB or SmPCs as 
occurring with a class of drugs, or as anticipated from the pharmacological properties of the 
drug but are not specifically mentioned as occurring with the particular IMP, are considered 
unexpected. 
The determination of expectedness shall be made by the Sponsor on the basis of the IB for 
KLS-GABA RSI Section, or the SmPC for KLS or gabapentin (Neurontin 300 mg hard 
capsules). 
7.5.1.5. Clinical Laboratory Abnormalities and Other Abnormal Assessments as Adverse 
Events and Serious Adverse Events 
Abnormal laboratory findings (e.g., clinical chemistry and haematology) or other abnormal 
assessments (e.g., ECGs, vital signs) that are judged by the Investigator as clinically significant 
will be recorded as AEs or SAEs if they meet the definition of an AE or SAE. Clinically 
significant abnormal laboratory findings or other abnormal assessments that are detected during 
the study or are present at baseline and significantly worsen following the start of the study 
will be reported as AEs or SAEs. The Investigator will exercise his or her medical and scientific 
judgment in deciding whether an abnormal laboratory finding, or other abnormal assessment 
is clinically significant. Liver chemistry thresholds have been designed to assure subject safety. 
When subjects meet the hepatic transaminase threshold criteria (AST or ALT ≥3 x ULN), the 
subject should undergo close observation, including monitoring for symptoms (clinical 
symptoms of hepatitis, or hypersensitivity, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, 
abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, or rash) and hepatic function (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase 
[ALP]), and fractionated bilirubin at least every 48 hours, until symptoms and/or hepatic 
function abnormalities resolve, stabilise, or return to baseline values. This event should be 
reported to Dompé within 24 hours of learning of its occurrence.  Appendix 4 represents the 
decision tree for whether or not study medication will be discontinued. A specialist or 
hepatology consultation should be considered in cases of protocol-mandated study medication 
discontinuation. 
In addition, every attempt should be made to obtain the following for any subject who meets 
the hepatic transaminase threshold criteria:  
• Viral hepatitis including: hepatitis A immunoglobulin (IgM) antibody, hepatitis B 
surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody (IgM), HCV RNA, cytomegalovirus 
IgM antibody, Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen IgM antibody (or if unavailable, 
obtain heterophil antibody or monospot testing), and hepatitis E antibody (if subject 
resides outside UK or has travelled outside UK in past 3 months).  
• Serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Record the appearance or 
worsening of clinical symptoms of hepatitis, or hypersensitivity, fatigue, decreased 
appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, or rash as relevant on the 
AE report form.  
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• Record use of concomitant medications, including paracetamol, herbal remedies, 
other OTC medications, putative hepatotoxins, or alcohol on the concomitant 
medications report form. 
• The following are required for subjects with AST or ALT ≥3 x ULN and bilirubin ≥2 
x ULN, but are optional for other abnormal liver chemistries:  
o Anti-nuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, and type 1 anti-liver 
kidney microsomal antibodies.  
o Liver imaging (ultrasound, magnetic resonance, or computerized tomography) 
to evaluate liver disease. 
7.5.1.6. Pharmacokinetic Sampling Associated with Serious Adverse Events or Severe 
Adverse Events 
Every possible attempt will be made to collect an unscheduled PK sample if a subject 
experiences an SAE or a severe AE. As the determination of an SAE or a severe AE is 
sometimes retrospective, unscheduled PK samples obtained when an event that is suspected to 
be serious or severe are also permitted. 
7.5.2. Evaluating Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events 
All AEs will be assessed on two descriptive parameters: intensity and relationship to the study 
medication: 
• Intensity refers to the severity of an event and references impact on a subject’s 
functioning. 
• Relationship refers to the likelihood that the event being assessed was caused by the 
study medication.  
The intensity of each AE (including SAEs) will be recorded in the eCRF and assigned to one 
of the following categories: 
• Mild: An event that is easily tolerated by the patient, causing minimal discomfort 
and not interfering with everyday activities. 
• Moderate: An event that is sufficiently discomforting to interfere with normal 
everyday activities. 
• Severe: An event that prevents normal everyday activities. 
For AEs and SAEs, the relationship to the study treatment is to be assessed according to the 
following definitions: 
Not related: There is no reasonable association between the study treatment and the suspected 
event. 
Unlikely related: It is doubtful that there is an association between the study treatment and the 
suspected event. The event could have been produced by the subject’s clinical state or other 
modes of therapy administered to the subject. 
Possibly related: The suspected adverse event may or may not follow a reasonable temporal 
sequence from study drug administration. The event could have been produced or mimicked 
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by the subject’s clinical state or by other modes of therapy concomitantly administered to the 
subject. 
Probably related: The suspected adverse event follows a reasonable temporal sequence from 
study treatment administration, abates upon discontinuation of the treatment; and cannot be 
reasonably explained by the known characteristics of the subject’s clinical state. 
Definitely related: The suspected adverse event has a strong relationship with study treatment 
administration, the event abates upon discontinuation of treatment and, if applicable, re-appears 
upon repeat exposure.  
When assessing the relationship to the study medication, the following criteria will be 
considered: 
• Known class effect 
• Biological plausibility  
• Lack of alternative explanation – concomitant drug or disease 
7.5.3. Reporting Procedures and Requirements 
7.5.3.1. Adverse Events 
Events occurring from the time of signed informed consent will be considered as AEs. A 
baseline AE assessment will occur after Screening. All AEs between screening to the 
follow- up visit will be recorded in source and eCRF, whether or not considered study 
medication related. All AEs that are possibly or probably related to study medication will be 
followed until resolution or database lock, whichever occurs first. Also, the sign, symptom, or 
disease present before the baseline AE assessment are only considered AEs if they worsen after 
this point. Any AEs already documented at a previous assessment and designated as ongoing 
should be reviewed at subsequent visits as necessary. If these have resolved, this should be 
documented. Changes in intensity or frequency of AEs should be recorded as separate events 
(i.e., a new record started). The Investigator should report all AEs on the AE page(s) of the 
eCRF and source documents, regardless of seriousness, severity, and causality. Whenever 
possible, an AE will be reported using a diagnostic term, (e.g., “common cold” or “upper 
respiratory infection” rather than “runny nose, cough, mild fever”) and should be described 
with the attributes described in Section 7.5.1.1.  
7.5.3.2. Serious Adverse Events 
Each AE will be assessed to determine whether it meets seriousness criteria (Section 7.5.1.2). 
If the AE is considered serious the Investigator should report this event to the Sponsor. The 
Investigator shall also promptly report an SAE with a fatal outcome to the research ethics 
committee (REC). Serious adverse events occurring from the time of signed informed consent 
to the follow-up visit or 7 days after the last dose of study medication (whichever occurs later) 
will be recorded in source and electronic data capture; ongoing SAEs after this time frame will 
be followed until the Investigator, Medical Monitor, and Sponsor agree that the SAE is 
satisfactorily resolved, or stably unresolved.  
Serious adverse events considered by the Investigator to be related to study medication, 
regardless of the time of onset after treatment, should be reported. All information about SAEs 
will be collected and reported via the SAE form and sent by email message (contact information 
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will be contained in the Investigator site file). The Investigator should send the initial report 
within 24 hours of becoming aware of the SAE.  
At a minimum, the initial report should include the following information: 
• Event 
• Seriousness criteria 
• Protocol number 
• Subject number, initials, and age 
• Study medication 
• Reporter name and contact information 
• Relationship assessment 
In the case of a “minimum report” (one that solely comprises the information bulleted above), 
a more detailed follow-up report should be sent as soon as more information becomes available 
but no later than 3 calendar days after the date of the initial report.  
Each SAE should be followed up until resolution or stabilisation and for reported deaths, the 
Investigator should supply Sponsor and the REC with any additional requested information 
(e.g., autopsy reports and terminal medical reports), if available. The original SAE form should 
be kept at the study site. The Investigator will be responsible for determining and in turn, 
reporting SAEs to the Sponsor.  
7.5.4. Conditions That Should Not be Reported as SAEs 
Any condition assessed by the Investigator as serious shall be recorded and reported to the 
Sponsor as an SAE. 
7.5.5. Adverse Events Exemption 
Not applicable. All AEs will be recorded in the eCRF by the Investigator and reported as 
described in this Protocol. 
7.5.6. Prompt Reporting of Serious Adverse Events 
Any SAE, occurring in a subject receiving treatment or if the Investigator becomes aware of 
any SAE post-treatment during the follow-up visit, should be reported by the Investigator via 
email to the Dompé Pharmacovigilance Department, Medical Monitor and EUDRAC Ltd 
within 24 hours even if the SAE does not appear to be medication-related.  
The Investigator shall email a copy of the SAE form, in addition to other related information. 
Additionally, it may be necessary for the Medical Monitor or Sponsor to directly communicate 
with the Investigator if additional information is required. 
All additional follow-up evaluations should be reported to the Sponsor. Such data should be 
emailed to the Dompé Pharmacovigilance Department, Medical Monitor and EUDRAC Ltd 
within 24 hours. 
In line with CT3 Detailed Guidance and ICH E2A provisions, although the Investigator does 
not usually need to actively monitor subjects for AEs once the trial has ended, if the Investigator 
becomes aware of an SAE occurring in a subject after that subject has ended his participation 
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in the study (whether study completion or withdrawal), the SAE should be reported by the 
Investigator to the Dompé Pharmacovigilance Department. Such “post-study cases” should be 
regarded for expedited reporting purposes as though they were study reports. Therefore, a 
causality assessment and determination of expectedness are needed for a decision on whether 
or not expedited reporting is required. 
A list of expected serious adverse reactions reported in patients treated with ketoprofen or 
gabapentin as single substances are provided in the IB. 
7.5.7. Regulatory Reporting of Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions 
(SUSARs) 
During the course of the clinical trial, the Sponsor shall report any SUSAR to the concerned 
REC and regulatory authority, as soon as possible and in no event later than: 
1. 7 calendar days after becoming aware of the information if the event is fatal or life 
threatening; to be followed by any relevant information within 8 calendar days. 
2. 15 calendar days after becoming aware of the information if the event is neither fatal 
nor life threatening. 
The Sponsor will be responsible for completing the safety report and for notifying the relevant 
authorities of any SAE as outlined in the ICH Guidelines and per local regulatory requirements. 
Treatment will be unblinded by the Sponsor’s Pharmacovigilance Department prior to 
regulatory submission of a SUSAR to regulatory authorities and the REC, and only cases 
referred to active treatment will be considered suitable for expedition for regulatory reporting, 
in line with law requirements. 
Follow up information shall be reported within the same timeframes. 
If the results of an investigation show that an adverse drug reaction, not initially determined to 
be reportable, is reclassified as reportable, the Sponsor shall report such reaction in a written 
safety report as soon as possible, but in no event later than 7 or 15 calendar days (whichever is 
applicable) after the determination is made. 
In addition, each Investigator will receive appropriate periodical safety updates as per local 
requirements and regulations. 
The Sponsor shall be responsible to prepare and submit annual safety reports (Development 
Safety Update Report) to relevant regulatory authorities. 
7.5.8. Special Considerations 
7.5.8.1. Pregnancy of Female Partner of Male Subject  
If the female partner of a male subjects becomes pregnant between dosing and 3 months after 
dosing, the Investigator should report pregnancy within 24 hours after learning of the 
pregnancy. The Investigator should contact the designated individual(s) following the SAE 
notification process and record information related to the pregnancy on the designated 
pregnancy form provided by Dompé or its designee. Early discontinuation visit assessments 
are required as soon as possible after learning of the pregnancy. The Investigator is also 
responsible for following any pregnancy following admission until delivery or termination if 
possible. These findings should be reported on the pregnancy form and forwarded to the 
designated individual(s). The event meets the SAE criterion only if it results in a spontaneous 
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abortion, congenital anomaly, or reports of suspected adverse reactions in the neonate that are 
classified as serious. 
7.5.8.2. Overdose (if Appropriate) 
Cases of overdose (accidental or intentional) which may or may not result in serious adverse 
reactions are to be reported to the Sponsor Pharmacovigilance Department and the Medical 
Expert following the same procedure for SAE, within 24 hours from the Investigator’s 
knowledge of its occurrence. This includes reports related to drug intake through different 
routes (e.g., ingestion) or with suicidal intentions and consequent drug overdose. 
In this study, an overdose is defined as the administration of a double dose or more, on any 
given treatment day. 
The Investigator shall provide, in the SAE form, information about symptoms, corrective 
treatment and outcome of overdose. The Medical Expert should be contacted to discuss 
corrective treatment, if necessary. 
7.6. 
Other Assessments 
Assessments to be performed at Screening only and Day -1 only are detailed in the Schedule 
of Assessments (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). 
 
 
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8. 
PHARMACOKINETIC ASSESSMENTS 
8.1. 
Pharmacokinetic Sampling 
Baseline PK blood samples will be collected within 15 minutes predose on Day 1.  
Blood samples for determination of plasma concentrations of ketoprofen and gabapentin when 
administered alone or in combination will be taken at the timepoints stated in Appendix 1 and 
Appendix 2.  
The actual times of collection will be recorded.  
Plasma concentration-time data will be analysed by noncompartmental methods. Nominal 
times may be used for interim decisions, however actual sampling times will be used for final 
calculations.  
8.2. 
Storage and Analysis of Clinical Samples  
Approximate sampling volumes are provided in Appendix 3. Samples will be collected, 
labelled, stored, and shipped on dry ice as detailed in the Sample Handling Sheets.  
Pharmacokinetic blood samples will be collected in polypropylene tubes containing Li-Heparin 
as anticoagulant, and they will be centrifuged at 4° C for 10 minutes at 2500 g to obtain plasma. 
Each plasma sample will be immediately divided into two aliquots and stored frozen at -20° C 
until shipment to the analytical laboratory.  The samples will be analysed to quantify ketoprofen 
and gabapentin using a validated analytical method. The analysis will be performed at Dompé 
analytical laboratories in L’Aquila (Italy).  
Further details will be provided in a standalone document. 
 
 
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9. 
PHARMACODYNAMIC ASSESSMENTS 
9.1. 
Evaluation of Response to ID Capsaicin 
The response to ID injection of capsaicin will be assessed in 6 ways; subjective rating of pain, 
area and pain score of hyperalgesia, area and pain score of brush-evoked allodynia and AF. 
Measurements will be taken prior to (within 15 minutes) and at the 15-, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-
minutes time points post injection. Prior to each injection, 4 intersecting lines forming 45-
degree angles will be drawn on the skin using a fine-tipped skin marker for assessment of areas 
of hyperalgesia and allodynia.  The 4 lines will intersect at the injection site and will be marked 
in 1cm graduations starting from the intersection. 
9.2. 
Measurement of Pain 
Pain will be measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) consisting of a 100 mm line, with 0 
representing “no pain’’ and 100 “worst pain imaginable.” Subjects will be asked to mark the 
VAS using a single vertical stroke at the point they consider to appropriately reflect their 
level of pain from the injection of capsaicin (not general pain). A new VAS will be provided 
for each time-point and subjects will not be allowed to see their previous VAS responses. The 
VAS will be scored by measuring from the left-hand end of the scale to the point where the 
subject has marked the line, and the distance in mm recorded. 
9.3. 
Area and Pain Score of Hyperalgesia 
The area of mechanical hyperalgesia will be assessed using a standard 24 g von Frey hair. The 
von Frey hair will be applied at 1-second intervals along each of the 4 lines intersecting at the 
injection site drawn onto the skin before the injection. Stimulation will begin distal from the 
injection site and will advance in 1cm increments toward the injection site until a pain response 
is elicited. Subjects will be asked to report when the von Frey hair first begins to cause any 
pain sensation or discomfort and the distance of that point from the injection site in centimetres 
for each line at each time-point will be recorded. The area of hyperalgesia will then be 
calculated and recorded in the CRF. Pain in response to von Frey stimulation of the 
hyperalgesic area will be recorded using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 
0 (“no pain”) to 10 (“worst possible pain”). The pain score will reflect the maximum pain 
experienced during the assessment. 
9.4. 
Area and Pain Score of Allodynia 
The area of allodynia will be assessed by sweeping a standard paintbrush at 1-second intervals 
across each of the 4 lines intersecting at the injection site drawn onto the skin before the 
injection. Stimulation will begin distal from the injection site and will advance in 1 cm 
increments toward the injection site until a pain response is elicited. Subjects will be asked to 
indicate when the brush first begins to cause any pain or discomfort and the distance of that 
point from the injection site in centimetres for each line at each time-point will be recorded. 
The area of allodynia will then be calculated and recorded in the CRF. Pain in response to brush 
stimulation of the allodynic area will be recorded using an 11-point NRS ranging from 0 (“no 
pain”) to 10 (“worst possible pain”). The pain score will reflect the maximum pain experienced 
during the assessment. 
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9.5. 
Area of Flare 
The AF will be determined by tracing the outline of visible skin reddening on to a sheet of 
acetate placed on the skin using a fine-tipped, permanent marker. The area will subsequently 
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10. 
STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS 
10.1. Randomisation and Subject Allocation 
Randomisation schemes will be produced by MAC Clinical Research. Separate randomisation 
schemes will be produced for each of study Part A and study Part B. After informed consent is 
obtained, subjects will be allocated to a unique screening number. 
A simple randomisation scheme will be performed for study Part A, while a blocked 
randomisation scheme will be used for study Part B. The block size for Part B will be 16, giving 
8 blocks in total. 
Only subjects who comply with all the inclusion criteria, and none of the exclusion criteria, 
will be randomised onto the study. The randomisation number will have 5 digital numbers, 
with the first being the study part (1 for Part A, 2 for Part B), the second being whether a subject 
is a replacement (0 = original; 1 = replacement), and the last 3 being the subject number; for 
example, 10011 means the 11th subject originally randomised for Part A, whereas 11011 is the 
replacement of 10011. All screened subjects should be identifiable throughout the study. 
10.2. Sample Size Determination 
It is planned to enrol 12 subjects in Part A and 128 subjects in Part B. No formal sample size 
calculation has been performed. A study of 12 subjects in Part A and 128 subjects in Part B are 
considered to be sufficient to meet the objectives of the study. 
10.3. Statistical Analysis Plan  
A Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) will be prepared after finalising the Protocol and before 
database lock. The specifications in this document will detail the implementation of all the 
planned statistical analyses in accordance with the principal features stated in the Protocol. The 
SAP will provide full details of the analyses, data displays, and algorithms to be used for data 
derivation. Any deviation from the original SAP will be described in the Clinical Study Report. 
10.4. Analysis Sets 
A subject who withdraws prior to the last planned observation in the study period will be 
included in the analyses up to the time of discontinuation.  
10.4.1. Safety Set 
10.4.1.1. Part A 
The Safety Set will consist of all subjects who received a dose of the IMP (KLS-GABA or 
KLS). 
10.4.1.2. Part B 
The Safety Set will consist of all subjects who received a dose of the IMP (KLS, KLS-GABA, 
gabapentin, or Placebo). 
10.4.2. Pharmacokinetic Set 
10.4.2.1. Part A 
The PK Set will consist of all subjects who received a dose of the IMP (KLS-GABA or 
gabapentin) and have evaluable PK data. 
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10.4.2.2. Part B 
The PK Set will consist of all subjects who received a dose of the IMP (KLS, KLS-GABA, 
gabapentin, or placebo) and have evaluable PK data. 
10.4.3. Pharmacodynamic Set 
10.4.3.1. Part A 
The PD set it not required for Part A of this study. 
10.4.3.2. Part B 
The PD set will consist of all randomised subjects who received a dose of randomised therapy. 
Patients will be analysed according to their actual treatment received (a per protocol analysis 
set). The analyses of efficacy endpoints will use the PD set. 
10.5. Statistical Analysis 
Separate analyses will be provided for Part A and Part B study. 
Appropriate descriptive statistics will be produced, according to the nature of the variable. For 
continuous data n, mean, standard deviation (SD), median and range (minimum and maximum) 
will be presented. For categorical data, frequency distributions and percentages will be 
presented.  
All the data collected and derived in the study will be presented in subject data listings. 
Statistical analyses will be performed using SAS 9.4.  
10.5.1. Subject Disposition and Characteristics 
A description of subject disposition will be provided. It will include a summary of the number 
and percentage of subjects entered into the study, enrolled in the study, and treated as well as 
number and percentage of subjects completing the study, or discontinuing (overall and by 
reason for discontinuation). All entered subjects will be accounted for in this summary of 
disposition. A summary of all protocol deviations will be provided. 
Demographic and baseline characteristics, medical history, concomitant medication and 
treatment compliance will be summarised for all subjects in the Safety Set by treatment. 
10.5.2. Safety Statistical Analysis 
Safety assessments will include standard laboratory safety evaluations (haematology, 
biochemistry, coagulation, and urinalysis), vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and oral 
temperature), physical examinations, 12-lead ECG and AE monitoring. 
10.5.2.1. Adverse Events 
All AEs will be listed according to SOC and preferred term (PT) assigned to the event using 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA; highest version). Number and 
percentage of subjects who experienced any AEs will be summarised by treatment. 
Furthermore, AEs will be summarised by causality and the maximum intensity. Any SAEs 
and/or AEs that led to withdrawal will be listed.  
10.5.2.2. Clinical Laboratory Evaluations 
Clinical Laboratory evaluation results will be listed and compared to laboratory reference 
ranges, with those values outside of the applicable range flagged as high (H) or low (L). The 
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quantitative laboratory data will be summarised using descriptive statistics for each parameter 
by treatment and time. Urinalysis data will be listed only. A summary of subjects reporting an 
abnormal value will be reported. 
10.5.2.3. Vital Signs 
Vital signs (supine systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and body 
temperature) will be listed for individual subjects. Summary statistics will be calculated for 
each parameter by treatment and time. 
10.5.2.4. 12-Lead Electrocardiogram 
Standard 12-lead ECG parameters (RR, PR, QRS, QTcF intervals and HR) will be listed for 
individual subjects. Out-of-range ECG values will be flagged as high (H) or low (L). Summary 
statistics will be calculated for each parameter by treatment and time. Where multiple values 
are recorded at a timepoint for a subject, the mean of the values will be used in the summary 
statistics. 
10.5.2.5. Physical Examination 
Physical examination data will be listed for individual subjects. Summary statistics will be 
calculated for each parameter by treatment and time.   
10.5.3. Pharmacokinetic Statistical Analysis 
KLS, KLS-GABA and gabapentin concentrations and parameters will be summarised using all 
subjects in the PK Set. Full details of the PK analysis will be included in the PK Analysis Plan. 
10.5.3.1. Derivation of Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Part A only) 
Pharmacokinetic parameters will be derived from plasma concentration data of ketoprofen 
when given alone (KLS) and ketoprofen and gabapentin when given in combination 
(KLS-GABA) by noncompartmental analysis. The PK parameters derived to assess the single 
dose PK of KLS and KLS-GABA are shown in Table 5. 
Table 5: Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Part A) 
Abbreviation 
Definition  
Cmax 
Maximum plasma concentration 
tmax 
Time of maximum plasma concentration 
AUC0-12h 
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 12 hours postdose 
AUC0-24h 
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 24 hours postdose 
AUC0-36h 
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 36 hours postdose 
AUC0-48h 
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 48 hours postdose 
AUC0-t 
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the last quantifiable 
concentration 
AUC0-∞ 
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity 
t1/2 
Apparent terminal half-life 
 
10.5.3.2. Statistical Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Part A only) 
The ketoprofen and gabapentin PK parameters AUC0-t, AUC0-12h, AUC0-24h, AUC0-36h, 
AUC0-48h, AUC0-∞ and t1/2 will be generated using noncompartmental methods. Cmax will be 
determined directly from the data. 
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10.5.4. Pharmacodynamic Statistical Analysis 
Summaries and descriptive statistics will be produced for each PD parameter. This includes 
Scores (VAS or NRS) / Area measured (cm2) for each treatment and timepoint, along with 
change from baseline in Score / Area. 
Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) will be fit to data for each PD parameter using 
two groups of models. Group 1 will assess longitudinal changes in Scores / Area against 
baseline. Group 2 will assess differences in Scores / Area between treatments for each 
timepoint. 
10.5.4.1. Descriptive statistics 
Descriptive statistics will be produced for each PD parameter. Separate tables will be produced 
that report summary statistics for Scores (VAS or NRS) and Area measured (cm2) for each PD 
parameter.  
Corresponding figures will be produced for each PD parameter, separately for each patient and 
combined for all patients in a treatment group. Figures that summarise overall mean/median 
Score/Area across patients will be produced combining all treatment groups. 
10.5.4.2. Modelling 
Two separate sets models will be fit to the data. Individual models will be fit per treatment 
group to assess means and change from baseline in score and area for each PD parameter. 
Combined models will be fit using all treatment groups to assess differences in means and 
change from baseline in score/area against placebo. 
Model Group 1: 
The MMRM model will contain a term for timepoint and will contain baseline Score / Area as 
a covariate and subject as a random effect.  An unstructured covariance matrix will be assumed.  
If the fit of the unstructured covariance structure fails to converge, the following covariance 
structures will be tried in order until convergence is reached: toeplitz with heterogeneity, 
autogressive with heterogeneity, toeplitz, and autoregressive.   
Least squares (LS) means will be reported for each visit along with corresponding 95% 
confidence intervals (CIs). 
The model will be fit separately for each treatment group, for the following dependent 
variables: 
 
A) Score / Area for each PD parameter 
 
B) Change in score / Area for each PD parameter 
Model Group 2: 
The MMRM model will contain terms for randomised treatment group and timepoint and will 
contain baseline Score / Area as a covariate and subject as a random effect. An unstructured 
covariance matrix will be assumed.  
If the fit of the unstructured covariance structure fails to converge, the following covariance 
structures will be tried in order until convergence is reached: toeplitz with heterogeneity, 
autogressive with heterogeneity, toeplitz, and autoregressive.   
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Least squares (LS) means will be reported by visit for each randomised treatment group; the 
difference in LS means between each dose arm and placebo will be presented along with 
corresponding 95% CIs. 
10.5.5. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Statistical Analysis 
Further details of the planned PK/PD correlation analysis will be provided in the SAP. 
10.6. Handling of Missing or Incomplete Data 
Unrecorded values will be treated as missing. Depending on the extent of the missing values, 
further investigation may be made into sensitivity of the analysis results to the method(s) 
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11. 
DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING 
11.1. Collection of Data 
Data collected from each completed subject will be recorded on source documents, which will 
be entered into an eCRF. The Investigator is responsible for ensuring that all sections of the 
eCRF are completed correctly and that entries can be verified against the source documents. If 
certain data are not available or not applicable this will be indicated as such within the 
appropriate area of the eCRF. 
Screening failures (subjects who signed consent to take part in the study but were not dosed) 
will not be entered into the clinical study database. 
Data produced by automatic devices with original printouts (i.e., clinical laboratory evaluation 
results, ECG traces) will be attached to the source documents. Clinical laboratory parameters 
will be provided in laboratory printouts which are to be signed by the Investigator. Comments 
on all clinically significant abnormal values will be provided and documented by the 
Investigator or appropriately recorded within the eCRF. 
Adverse Events and Medical History will be reported by the MedDRA SOC and PT; the latest 
version will be applied to all terms. All Medical History and AEs will be included in the data 
listings. Furthermore, all Prior Medications and Concomitant Medications will be reported 
using the WHODRUG categorization; the latest version will be applied to all terms. 
All Prior Medications and Concomitant Medications will be summarised within the data 
listings. 
Any missing, implausible, or inconsistent recordings within the eCRFs will be referred to the 
Investigator using data query validation procedures; will be documented and resolved for each 
individual subject before database lock is declared. 
All processes pertaining to the Data Management activities will be detailed within the Data 
Management Plan. 
11.2. Inspection of Records 
Authorised representatives of Dompé will be allowed to conduct site visits to the CRU for the 
purpose of monitoring any aspect of the study. The Investigator agrees to allow the monitor to 
inspect the drug storage area, study drug stocks, drug accountability and subject records, study 
source documents and any other pertinent records relative to study conduct.  
11.3. Retention of Records 
The Investigator should maintain all documentation relating to the study for a period of 2 years 
after the last marketing application approval, or if not approved 2 years following the 
discontinuance of the IMP for investigation. If it becomes necessary for Dompé or a regulatory 
authority to review any documentation relating to the study, the Investigator must permit access 
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12. 
MONITORING, AUDIT AND INSPECTION 
12.1. Study Monitoring 
Before a CRU can enter a subject into the study, a representative of Dompé/MAC will visit the 
CRU to: 
• Determine the adequacy of the facilities, 
• Discuss with the Investigator and other personnel their responsibilities with regard to 
Protocol adherence, and the responsibilities of Dompé or its representatives. This will 
be documented in a Clinical Trial Agreement between Dompé and the Investigator. 
During the study, a monitor (MAC) will have regular contacts with the CRU, for the following: 
• Provide information and support to the Investigator. 
• Confirm that facilities remain acceptable. 
• Confirm that the investigational team is adhering to the Protocol, that data are being 
accurately recorded in the eCRFs, and that IMP accountability checks are being 
performed.  
• Perform source data verification. This includes a comparison of the data in the eCRFs 
with the subject’s medical records at the hospital or practice, and other records 
relevant to the study. This will require direct access to all original records for each 
subject (e.g., clinic charts). 
• Record and report any Protocol deviations not previously sent to Dompé 
• Confirm AEs and SAEs have been appropriately documented within eCRFs and 
confirm any SAEs have been communicated to Dompé and those SAEs that met 
criteria for reporting have been provided to the REC. 
The monitor will be available between visits if the Investigator or other staff needs information 
or advice. 
The study will be conducted according to MAC SOPs and a copy of the SOPs will be provided 
to the Sponsor.  
12.2. Audits and Inspections 
Authorised representatives of Dompé, a regulatory authority, or the REC may visit the site to 
perform audits or inspections, including source data verification. The purpose of an audit or 
inspection is to systematically and independently examine all study-related activities and 
documents. The inspection determines whether these activities were conducted, in addition to 
data being recorded, analysed, and accurately reported according to the Protocol; ICH-GCP 
and any applicable regulatory requirements. The Investigator is responsible for making contact 
with Dompé immediately, if approached by a regulatory agency regarding an inspection. 
12.3. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 
To ensure compliance with GCP and all regulatory requirements, Dompé, may conduct a 
Quality Assurance Audit. 
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12.4. Research Ethics Committee (REC) 
The Investigator should obtain REC approval for the study. Initial REC approval, and all 
materials approved by the REC for this study including the subject consent form and 
recruitment materials, should be maintained by the Investigator and made available for 
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13. 
ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 
13.1. Ethical Conduct of the Study 
The study will be conducted in accordance with the EU Clinical Trial Directive 2001/20/EC, 
the ICH guideline for GCP E6(R2) dated December 2016, and the ethical principles laid down 
in the Declaration of Helsinki. Current regulatory requirements will be followed, as applicable.  
13.2. Ethics Review 
The final study Protocol, including the final versions of the Informed Consent Forms (ICFs), 
must be approved or given a favourable opinion in writing by a REC as appropriate. The 
Investigator should submit written approval to Dompé before enrolling any subject into the 
study.  
The Investigator is responsible for informing the REC of any amendment to the Protocol in 
accordance with local requirements. In addition, the REC must approve all advertising used to 
recruit subjects for the study. The Protocol must be reapproved by the REC upon receipt of 
substantial amendments, as local regulations require. 
The Investigator is also responsible for providing the REC with reports of any reportable 
serious adverse drug reactions from any other study conducted with the IMP. Dompé will 
provide this information to the Investigator.  
Progress reports and notifications of serious adverse drug reactions will be provided to the REC 
according to local regulations and guidelines.  
13.3. Written Informed Consent 
Potential subjects will have a detailed verbal presentation of the nature, purpose, risks, and 
requirements, in addition to receiving detailed written information provided in the Participant 
Information Sheet. A Patient Information Sheet and ICF will be produced for each part of the 
study. They will have adequate opportunity to ask the physician presenting the study about any 
aspect of the study. Subjects will also be notified that they are free to discontinue from the 
study at any time. The subject will be given the opportunity to ask questions and allowed time 
to consider the information provided. Once the subject is satisfied that they are willing to 
participate in the study, they will be asked to sign a copy of the study ICF. The subject’s signed 
and dated informed consent must be obtained before conducting any study procedures. The 
Investigator must maintain the original, signed ICF. A copy of the signed ICF will be provided 
to the subject. 
Data and samples collected up to the point of withdrawal can only be used after withdrawal if 
the subject has consented for this. Any intention to utilise such data should be outlined in the 
consent literature.  
A subject may be rescreened for the study once, if: 
• They were ineligible at the first screen due to a transient reason, such as an upper 
respiratory tract infection, which impacted the clinical laboratory results. 
• They were eligible at first screen, but unable to take part in the study dates within the 
Screening window.  
• The subject was finally not enrolled in the initial group, e.g., reserve subjects. 
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In the case of rescreening, only the assessments that were performed more than 28 days before 
the new dosing date will be repeated. The CRU will maintain a record of all subjects screened 
(i.e., who signed the ICF) and any subject who is rescreened will be allocated a new screening 
number. Records up to the time of premature termination should be completed. In the event 
that a subject does not receive a study treatment, the primary reason will be recorded. A list of 
the procedures conducted at Screening are presented in the Schedule of Assessments 
(Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). 
Informed consent will be obtained prior to the subject undergoing procedures that are 
specifically for the purposes of the study. 
13.4. End-of-Study 
The end-of-study is defined as completion of the clinical activities relating to the follow-up 
visit by the last subject.  
13.5. Notification of Serious Breaches to Good Clinical Practice 
A “serious breach” is a breach which is likely to effect to a significant degree: 
• the safety or physical or mental integrity of the subjects of the study; or, 
• the scientific value of the study. 
The Sponsor will be notified immediately of any case where the above definition applies during 
the study conduct phase. The Sponsor of a clinical study will notify the licensing authority in 
writing of any serious breach of: 
•  the conditions and principles of GCP in connection with that study; or  
• the Protocol and/or any Protocol amendments relating to the study, within 7 days of 
an awareness of the breach. 
13.6. Confidentiality and Data Protection 
By signing this protocol, the Investigator and the Contract Research Organisation (CRO) agree 
to keep all the information provided by the Sponsor in strict confidentiality and to request the 
same confidentiality from his/her staff. Study documents provided by the Sponsor (protocols, 
IB, eCRFs and other materials) will be stored appropriately to ensure confidentiality. The 
information provided by the Sponsor to the Investigator and to the CRO cannot be disclosed to 
others without direct written authorisation from the Sponsor, except for the extent necessary to 
obtain the informed consent from the subjects wishing to participate in the study. 
Data on subjects collected in the eCRFs during the study will be documented in a coded way. 
If, as an exception, for safety or regulatory reasons identification of a subject becomes 
necessary, the monitor, the Sponsor and the investigator will be bound to keep this information 
confidential. 
The processing of personal data by the Sponsor, the CRO and the Clinical Site shall always be 
in line with the local regulations, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR; 
Regulation EU 679/2016), and the Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications 
(Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (the UK GDPR). Suitable written information 
will be provided to the study subjects at the time of consenting. 
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13.7. Publication Policy 
The Sponsor agrees that the study results (including negative and inconclusive as well as 
positive results) can be made publicly available by the Investigator publishing in peer reviewed 
journals, presenting results at scientific congresses and posting information and results on 
internet-based public registers and databases. 
Study results will be communicated in full to the competent Health Authorities by the 
submission of a complete clinical study report. 
As the Sponsor agrees that the study results can be published by the Investigator, the 
Investigator agrees to submit any manuscript (abstract, publication, paper, etc.) to the Sponsor 
before any public disclosure. 
This will be done in order to ensure that clinical study results are reported in an objective, 
accurate and balanced manner. The Sponsor reviews the proposed manuscripts, before 
submission, within a reasonable period of time (30 to 90 days in relation with the complexity 
of the work). 
The Investigator will also be provided by the Sponsor with the clinical study report and the 
results of any additional analysis, tables, figures, etc. undertaken for the purposes of the article, 
in order to take responsibility for the content of the publication(s). 
On an exceptional basis, the Sponsor may temporarily delay registration of certain data 
elements (e.g., compound, name, outcome, measures, etc.) to seek necessary intellectual 
property protection. This is because early disclosure of such data could, in some circumstances, 
prevent or negatively impact patentability. 
A description of this clinical trial will be available on the European Union Drug Regulating 
Authorities Clinical Trials (EudraCT) database and on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. 
 
 
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14. 
REFERENCES 
1. 
Raja SN, et al. The Revised International Association for the Study of Pain Definition 
of Pain: Concepts, Challenges and Compromises. Pain. September 2020; 
161(9);1976-1982. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939 
2.  
Dubois MY, Gallagher RM, Lippe PM. Pain Medicine Position Paper. Pain Med. 
2009;10;972-1000. 
3.  
Kent ML, et al. The Acttion-APS-AAPM Pain Taxonomy (AAAPT) 
Multidimensional Approach to Classifying Acute Pain Conditions. Pain Med. 
2017;18(5);947-958. doi: 10.1093/PM/PNX019. 
4.  
Moore RA, Derry S, Aldington D, Wiffen PJ. Single Dose Oral Analgesics for Acute 
Postoperative Pain in Adults – An Overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane 
Database Syst Rev. 2015;9;CD008659. 
5.  
Ahmad F, Rossen L, Spencer M, Warner M, Sutton P. Provisional Drug Overdose 
Death Counts. National Center for Health Statistics. Published 2018. 
https://www.CDC.gov/NCHS/NVSS/VSRR.drug-overdose-data.htm. Accessed 31 
August 2018. 
6.  
Freynhagen R, et al. Current Understanding of the Mixed Pain Concept; A Brief 
Narrative Review. Curr Med Res Opin. November 2018; 27;116. 
7.  
Ibor PJ, et al. Mixed Pain can be Discerned in the Primary Care and Orthopedics 
Settings in Spain; A Large Cross-Sectional Study. Clin J Pain. 2017; 33;1100-1108. 
8.  
Binder A, Baron R. The Pharmacological Therapy of Chronic Neuropathic Pain. 
Stsch Arztebl Int. 2016;113;616-626. 
9.  
Freynhagen R, Busche P. The Mixed Pain Concept. Psychoneuro. 2005;31;331-333. 
10  
Romano CL, Romano D, Lacerenza M. Antineuropathic and Antinociceptive Drugs 
Combination in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain; A Systematic Review. 
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Pain Research and Treatment. 2012. Article ID 
154781. doi: 10.1155/2012/154781 
11.  
Mao J, Gold MS, Backonia MM. Combination Drug Therapy for Chronic Pain: A 
Call for More Clinical Studies. Journal of Pain. 2011;12(2);157-166. 
12.  
Almansa C, Frampton CS, Vela JM, Whitelock S, Plata-Salamán. Co-crystals As A 
New Approach to Multimodal Analgesia and the Treatment of Pain. Journal of Pain 
Research. 2019;12;2679-2689. 
13. 
Drewers AM, Gregersen H, Arendt-Nielson L, Scand J. Experimental pain in 
gastroenterology: a reappraisal of human studies. Gastroenterol. Nov 2003; 
38(11);1115-1130. 
14.  
Staahl C, et al. Assessing Efficacy of Non-Opioid Analgesics in Experimental Pain 
Models in Healthy Volunteers: An Updated Review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. Sep 2009; 
68(3);322-341. 
15.  
Simone DA, Baumann TK, LaMotte RH. Dose-dependent pain and mechanical 
hyperalgesia in humans after intradermal injection of capsaicin. Pain. Jul 1989; 
38(1);99-107. 
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16.  
Wang H, et al. Effect of morphine and pregabalin compared with diphenhydramine 
hydrochloride and placebo on hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by intradermal 
capsaicin in healthy male subjects. Pain. Dec 2008; 9(12);1088-1095. 
17.  
Aykanat V, Gentgall M, Briggs N, Williams D, Yap S, Rolan P. Intradermal 
capsaicin as a neuropathic pain model in patients with unilateral sciatica. Br J Clin 
Pharmacol. 2012;73(1);37-45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04059.  
18.  
Reddy KS, Naidu MU, Rani PU, Rao TR. Human experimental pain models: A 
review of standardized methods in drug development. J Res Med Sci. 
2012;17(6);587-595. 
19.  
Stubhaug A, Romundstad L, Kaasa T, Breivik H. Methylprednisolone and ketorolac 
rapidly reduce hyperalgesia around a skin burn injury and increase pressure pain 
thresholds. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51;1138–1146. 
20.  
Lundell JC, et al. Reduction of postburn hyperalgesia after local injection of ketorolac 
in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 1996; 84;502–509. 
21.  
Petersen KL, Brennum J, Dahl JB. Experimental evaluation of the analgesic effect of 
ibuprofen on primary and secondary hyperalgesia. Pain. 1997; 70:167-174. 
22.  
Warncke T, Brennum J, Arendt‐Nielsen L, Branebjerg PE. Effects of local and 
systemic ibuprofen on primary and secondary hyperalgesia in man. Curr Ther Res 
Clin Exp 1996; 57;937–949. 
23.  
Bode G, et al. The utility of the minipig as an animal model in regulatory 
toxicology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2010; 62(3); 196-220. 
doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2010.05.009. 
24. 
Henze LJ, Koehl NJ, O'Shea JP, Holm R, Vertzoni M, Griffin BT. Toward the 
establishment of a standardized pre-clinical porcine model to predict food effects - 
Case studies on fenofibrate and paracetamol. Int J Pharm X. 2019; 1; 100017. 
Published 2019 May 28. doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100017. 
25. 
Matthews ML. The role of dose reduction with NSAIDs use. AM J Manag Care. 2013; 
19(14 suppl): S273-S277. 
26.  
Mockenhaunt M, et al. The Risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal 
Necrolysis Associated with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Multinational 
Perspective. J Rheumatol. Oct 2003; 30(10); 2234-2240. 
27.  
Becker JC, Domschka W, Pohle T. Current Approaches to Prevent NSAID-Induced 
Gastropathy – COX Selectivity and Beyond. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004; 58(6); 587-
600. 
28.  
Frith P, Dolovich J, Hargreave FE. Life-threatening asthma, urticaria and angioedema 
after ketoprofen. Lancet. Oct 1978;14;2(8094);847-8 ù. 
29.  
Praga M, González E. Acute Interstitial Nephritis. Kidney International. 2010; 77; 
956-961. 
30.  
Dollery C, ed. Therapeutic Drugs. Second Edition. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh; 
1998. 
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31.  
Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference: Ketoprofen. Available at: 
http://www.pharmpress.com/product/MC MART/martindale-the-complete-drug-
reference. Accessed 13 July 2015. 
32.  
Drugs.com Ketoprofen. Available at: 
http://www.drugs.com/pro/ketoprofen.html#footnotereference-1. Accessed on 22 July 
2015. 
33.  
García Rodríguez LA, Hernández-Díaz S. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a 
trigger of clinical heart failure. Epidemiology. Mar 2003; 14(2); 240-246. 
34.  
Aljadhey H, et al. Comparative effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 
(NSAIDs) on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. BMC Cardiovascular 
Disorders. 2012; 12; 93. 
35.  
LiverTox. Drug record: ketoprofen. Available at: 
http://livertox.nih.gov/Ketoprofen.htm. Accessed on 30 July 2015. 
 
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15. 
APPENDICES 
15.1.  Appendix 1– Schedule of Assessments (Part A)  
Schedule of Assessments 
Part A 
 
Screening 
Up to 28 
Days 
Treatment Period 1 and Treatment Period 2 
(minimum washout period of 7 days between periods) 
Post-Study 
(5 to 7 days 
post final-
dose) 
Day -1 
Days 1 to 3 
Informed Consent 
X 
 
 
 
Demography 
X 
 
 
 
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteriaa 
X 
 
 
 
Medical History  
X 
 
 
 
Urine Drugs of Abuse and 
Breath Alcohol Screen 
X 
X 
 
 
SARS-CoV-2 Test 
X 
X 
 
 
Serology 
X 
 
 
 
Study Residency  
 
 
 
 
Admission 
 
X 
 
 
Discharge 
 
 
Day 3 (48 hours postdose) 
 
Non-Residential Visit 
X 
 
 
X 
KLS-GABA/KLS 
Administration 
 
 
Day 1 
 
Safety Assessments 
 
 
 
 
Physical Examination 
X 
X 
 
X 
Vital Signs (HR, BP and oral 
temperature)b 
X 
 
Predose, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours postdose 
X 
12-Lead ECGc 
X 
 
Predose, 1, 4, 24 and 48 hours postdose 
X 
Clinical Laboratory Evaluations 
X 
 
Predose and 48 hours postdose 
X 
AE and Concomitant 
Medication Monitoring 
X 
X 
Predose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours postdose 
X 
Pharmacokinetic Assessments 
 
 
 
 
Blood Samplingd 
 
 
Predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours postdose 
 
Abbreviations: AE – adverse event; BP – blood pressure; ECG – electrocardiogram; GABA – Gabapentin; HR – heart rate; KLS - Ketoprofen Lysine Salt; SARS-CoV-2 – severe acute respiratory syndrome 
coronavirus 2. 
a A full check of inclusion/exclusion criteria will take place at screening. At all other days to which inclusion/exclusion criteria apply, only those particular inclusion/exclusion criteria will be checked 
b Supine only. 
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c ECG assessments will be conducted within a ±30 minute time window. 
d Fourteen samples per subject will be taken per treatment period. 
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15.2. Appendix 2– Schedule of Assessments (Part B) 
Schedule of Assessments 
Part B 
 
Screening 
Up to 28 
Days 
Screening 2 
Prior to 
Day -1 
Treatment Period  
Post-Study 
(5 to 7 days 
post-final 
dose) 
Day -1 
Day 1 
Informed Consent 
X 
 
 
 
 
Demography 
X 
 
 
 
 
Inclusion/Exclusion 
Criteriaa 
X 
 
 
 
 
Medical History  
X 
 
 
 
 
Urine Drugs of Abuse and 
Breath Alcohol Screen 
X 
 
X 
 
 
SARS-CoV-2 Test 
X 
 
X 
 
 
Serology 
X 
 
 
 
 
Study Residency  
 
 
 
 
 
Admission 
 
 
X 
 
 
Discharge 
 
 
 
12 hours postdose 
 
Non-Residential Visit 
X 
 
 
 
X 
KLS-GABA/ 
KLS/Gabapentin/ 
Placebo Administration 
 
 
 
X 
 
Safety Assessments 
 
 
 
 
 
Physical Examination 
X 
 
 
 
X 
Vital Signs (HR, BP and 
oral temperature)b 
X 
 
X 
Predose, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours postdose 
X 
12-Lead ECGc 
X 
 
 
Predose, 1, 4 and 12 hours postdose 
X 
Clinical Laboratory 
Evaluations 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
AE and Concomitant 
Medication Monitoring 
X 
X 
X 
Predose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours postdose 
X 
Plasma Concentration 
Assessments 
 
 
 
 
 
Blood Sampling 
 
 
 
Predose, pre-capsaicin and 2 hours post 
capsaicin 
 
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Pharmacodynamic 
Assessments 
 
 
 
 
 
Intradermal Capsaicin 
Injection 
 
Xd 
Xe 
Xf 
 
Pain Measurement 
 
Xg 
Xh 
Xh 
 
Abbreviations: AE – adverse event; BP – blood pressure; ECG – electrocardiogram; GABA – Gabapentin; HR – heart rate; KLS - Ketoprofen Lysine Salt SARS-CoV-2 – severe acute respiratory syndrome 
coronavirus 2. 
a A full check of inclusion/exclusion criteria will take place at screening. At all other days to which inclusion/exclusion criteria apply, only those particular inclusion/exclusion criteria will be checked 
b Supine only. 
c ECG assessments will be conducted within a ±30 minute time window. 
d Additional screening visit at least 7 days prior to dosing to determine response to capsaicin and vehicle injections 
e At a similar time of day to that anticipated on Day 1 
f At estimated Tmax for KLS alone or KLS-GABA from Part A 
g Pain VAS, Flare, Hyperalgesia, Allodynia conducted pre-capsaicin injection and 15 minutes post injection. 
h Pain VAS, Flare, Hyperalgesia, Allodynia conducted pre-capsaicin injection and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post injection 
 
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15.4. Appendix 4  
 
 
 
Abbreviations: ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; IMP: investigational 
medicinal product; Q48H: every 48 hours; ULN: upper limit of normal.  
* The following tests are required for subjects/patients with AST or ALT ≥3 x ULN and bilirubin ≥2 x ULN: Anti-nuclear antibody, anti-
smooth muscle antibody, and type 1 anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies, in addition to liver imaging (ultrasound, magnetic resonance, 
or computerised tomography) to evaluate liver diseases.  
 
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SAP_001.pdf: 
 
 
Statistical Analysis Plan  
 
 
KLG0120 (
) SAP V2.0 27/MAY/2022 
Page 1 of 23 
 
 
A PHASE I, DOUBLE-BLIND, PHARMACOKINETIC, SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY STUDY OF 
KETOPROFEN LYSINE SALT COMBINED WITH GABAPENTIN (KLS-GABA) COMPARED TO 
KETOPROFEN LYSINE SALT (KLS) ALONE IN HEALTHY MALE SUBJECTS (PART A) FOLLOWED BY A 
RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO- CONTROLLED STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE 
PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF KLS, AND KLS IN COMBINATION WITH GABAPENTIN (GABA), IN 
HEALTHY MALE SUBJECTS USING THE INTRADERMAL (ID) CAPSAICIN MODEL (PART B) 
 
 
STUDY CODE: KLG0120 
 
 
 
 
 
VERSION: 2.0 
 
 
DATE: 27MAY2022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Study Team Approval of SAP 
Study Code:   
 
eCRF Version:   5.0 
Author 
Job Title: 
Senior Statistician 
Name: 
 
Signature: 
 
Date: 
(DD/MMM/YYYY) 
 
MAC Approver 
Job Title: 
Principal Statistician 
Name: 
 
Signature: 
 
Date: 
(DD/MMM/YYYY) 
 
MAC Approver 
Job Title: 
 
Name:  
 
Signature: 
 
Date: 
(DD/MMM/YYYY) 
 
Sponsor Approver 
Job Title: 
Statistician 
Name: 
 
Signature: 
 
Date: 
(DD/MMM/YYYY) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Statistical Analysis Plan  
 
 
KLG0120 (
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Page 3 of 23 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 3 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ................................................... 5 
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 6 
1.  
STUDY OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS ......................................................................... 7 
1.1. 
Study Objectives...................................................................................................................... 7 
1.1.1.  
Primary Objectives (Part A) .............................................................................................. 7 
1.1.2.  
Secondary Objectives (Part A) ........................................................................................... 7 
1.1.3.  
Primary Objectives (Part B) ............................................................................................... 7 
1.1.4.  
Secondary Objectives (Part B) ........................................................................................... 7 
1.2. 
Study Endpoints ...................................................................................................................... 7 
1.2.1.  
Primary Endpoints (Part A) ............................................................................................... 7 
1.2.2. 
 Secondary Endpoints (Part A) .......................................................................................... 8 
1.2.3. 
 Primary Endpoint (Part B) ................................................................................................ 8 
1.2.4. 
 Secondary Endpoints (Part B) ........................................................................................... 8 
2. 
STUDY DESIGN ......................................................................................................................... 9 
2.1. 
Part A ....................................................................................................................................... 9 
2.2. 
Part B ....................................................................................................................................... 9 
3. 
CONVENTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 11 
4. 
ANALYSIS SETS AND TREATMENT GROUPS ................................................................ 13 
4.1.  
Analysis Sets (Part A) ........................................................................................................... 13 
4.1.1.  
Intent-to-Treat Set (Part A).............................................................................................. 13 
4.1.2.  
Safety Set (Part A) ............................................................................................................. 13 
4.1.3.  
Pharmacokinetic Set (Part A) .......................................................................................... 13 
4.2.  
Analysis Sets (Part B) ........................................................................................................... 13 
4.2.1.  
Intent-to-Treat Set (Part B) .............................................................................................. 13 
4.2.2.  
Safety Set (Part B) ............................................................................................................. 13 
4.2.3.  
Pharmacokinetic Set (Part B) ........................................................................................... 13 
4.2.4.  
Pharmacodynamic Set (Part B) ........................................................................................ 13 
4.3. 
Treatment groups .................................................................................................................. 14 
5.  
ANALYSIS PERIODS .......................................................................................................... 15 
6.  
ANALYSIS METHODS ....................................................................................................... 16 
6.1.  
Participant Disposition ......................................................................................................... 16 
6.2.  
Protocol Deviations ............................................................................................................... 16 
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6.3. 
Demographic and Baseline Characteristics......................................................................... 16 
6.4. 
Medical History ..................................................................................................................... 16 
6.5. 
Prior and Concomitant Medication ..................................................................................... 17 
6.6. 
Safety Parameters ................................................................................................................. 17 
6.6.1. 
Adverse Events (AE) ......................................................................................................... 17 
6.6.2. 
12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) .................................................................................... 17 
6.6.3. 
Vital signs........................................................................................................................... 18 
6.6.4. 
Clinical laboratory ............................................................................................................ 18 
6.6.5. 
Physical Examination........................................................................................................ 18 
6.7.  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis .................................................................................................... 18 
6.8.  
Pharmacodynamic Analysis ................................................................................................. 18 
6.8.1.  
Descriptive PD analysis ..................................................................................................... 18 
6.8.2.  
PD Figures ......................................................................................................................... 19 
6.8.3.  
PD Modelling ..................................................................................................................... 19 
6.8.4.  
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Statistical Analysis .............................................. 20 
7.  
HANDLING OF MISSING OR INCOMPLETE DATA ................................................... 21 
7.1. 
Prior and Concomitant Medication Dates ........................................................................... 21 
7.2.  
AE Start and End Dates ....................................................................................................... 21 
8.  
CHANGES FROM THE PROTOCOL-PLANNED ANALYSES ..................................... 22 
9.  
TABLE AND LISTING SHELLS ........................................................................................ 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 
Abbreviation 
Definition 
AE 
Adverse Event 
BMI 
Body Mass Index 
CI 
Confidence Interval 
Cmax 
Peak Exposure 
CRU 
Clinical Research Unit 
ECG 
Electrocardiogram 
eCRF 
Electronic Case Report Form 
GABA 
Gabapentin 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
ICF 
informed consent form 
ICH 
The International Council for Harmonisation 
ID 
Intradermal 
IMP 
Investigational Medicinal Product 
ITT 
Intent-To-Treat 
KLS 
Ketoprofen Lysine Salt 
LOCF 
Last Observation Carried Forwards 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary For Regulatory Activities 
NOCB 
Next Observation Carried Backwards 
PD 
Pharmacodynamic 
PK  
Pharmacokinetic(S)  
PT 
Preferred Term 
SAE 
Serious Adverse Event 
SAP 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
SOC 
System Organ Class 
TEAE 
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event 
 
 
 
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INTRODUCTION  
The purpose of this Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) is to define the efficacy and safety analysis variables 
and analysis methodology to address the study objectives. 
The Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis is outside the scope of this analysis plan. That analysis will be 
described in a separate document.  
The protocol dated 16 Jun 2021 (version V5.0) and the eCRF dated 12 Jul 2021 (version V5.0) were 
used in the development of this SAP. 
 
 
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1.  
STUDY OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS 
1.1. 
Study Objectives 
1.1.1.  Primary Objectives (Part A) 
The primary objective of the Part A is: 
• 
To determine the single dose PK of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) compared to KLS alone (80 mg) 
in healthy male subjects. 
1.1.2.  Secondary Objectives (Part A) 
The secondary objective of the Part A is: 
• 
To determine the safety and tolerability of a single oral dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) 
compared to KLS alone (80 mg) in healthy male subjects.  
1.1.3.  Primary Objectives (Part B) 
The primary objective of the Part B is: 
• 
To determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of KLS-GABA in the ID capsaicin model in 
healthy male subjects. 
1.1.4.  Secondary Objectives (Part B) 
The secondary objectives of the Part B are: 
• 
To further investigate the safety, tolerability, and PK of single oral doses of KLS-GABA and KLS 
alone. 
• 
To investigate the possible relationship between plasma levels of drug and efficacy in pain 
reduction.  
1.2. 
Study Endpoints 
1.2.1.  Primary Endpoints (Part A) 
The primary endpoints are plasma PK concentrations and parameters of ketoprofen alone when 
administered as KLS and ketoprofen and gabapentin when administered as KLS-GABA, including but 
not limited to: area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), from zero to the last quantifiable 
concentrations (AUC0-t), AUC from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), AUC from zero to 12 hours postdose (AUC0-
12h), AUC from zero to 24 hours postdose (AUC0-24h), AUC from zero to 36 hours postdose (AUC0-36h), 
AUC from zero to 48 hours postdose (AUC0-48h), Cmax, tmax and half-life (t1/2) in healthy male subjects. 
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1.2.2.  Secondary Endpoints (Part A) 
The secondary endpoint of the study is the clinical safety data from AE reporting, 12-lead ECG, vital 
signs (supine blood pressure, heart rate, oral temperature), clinical laboratory evaluations (chemistry, 
haematology, urinalysis and coagulation) and physical examinations in healthy male subjects. 
1.2.3.  Primary Endpoint (Part B) 
The primary endpoint of the study is: 
Reduction in area of hyperalgesia post capsaicin injection from the ID capsaicin model. 
1.2.4.  Secondary Endpoints (Part B) 
The secondary endpoints of the study are: 
• 
Subjective rating of pain from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Pain score of hyperalgesia from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Area and pain score of brush-evoked allodynia from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Area of flare (AF) from the ID capsaicin model. 
• 
Plasma PK concentrations. 
• 
Clinical safety data from AE reporting, 12-lead ECG, vital signs (supine blood pressure, heart 
rate, oral temperature), clinical laboratory evaluations (chemistry, haematology, urinalysis, 
and coagulation) and physical examinations in healthy male subjects. 
 
 
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2. 
STUDY DESIGN 
This is a Phase I, randomised, 2-part study to determine the PK, safety, and tolerability of single oral 
doses of KLS-GABA compared to KLS alone in healthy male subjects (Part A), in addition to investigating 
the PD effects, PK/PD correlation, safety, and tolerability of three single oral dose levels of KLS GABA 
compared to three single oral dose levels of KLS alone, 300 mg gabapentin alone and placebo in the 
ID capsaicin model in healthy male subjects (Part B). 
2.1. 
Part A 
Part A is a randomised, double-blind, crossover group study to investigate a single oral dose of KLS-
GABA compared to KLS alone, in healthy male subjects. 
It is planned to enrol 12 subjects. Subjects will take part in 2 treatment periods, in which they will 
receive a single dose of KLS-GABA (80 mg-34 mg) or a single dose of KLS (80 mg) alone in each 
treatment period. 
Subjects will be required to attend the CRU for a screening visit up to 28 days prior to first dosing in 
Treatment Period 1 to ensure they meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are in good general 
health.  
Subjects will be admitted to the CRU on Day -1 of each treatment period for a body weight assessment 
and will receive a dose of KLS-GABA or KLS alone in the morning of Day 1. All subjects will undergo 
pre-dose safety assessments and PK blood sampling on Day 1. All subjects will remain in the CRU until 
Day 3 (48 hours post-dose) for the collection of safety assessments and PK blood samples at multiple 
time points. There will be a minimum of 7 days washout period between treatment periods. 
Subjects will attend a follow-up visit 5 to 7 days post the final dose after Treatment Period 2. The 
duration of participation for each subject is expected to last approximately 7 weeks. 
2.2. 
Part B 
Part B is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study to investigate single oral 
doses of KLS alone or KLS-GABA compared to 300 mg gabapentin alone or placebo, in healthy male 
subjects using the ID capsaicin model. 
It is planned to enrol 128 subjects randomised evenly to 8 possible treatments; subjects will receive 
either KLS alone, KLS-GABA, 300 mg gabapentin or placebo.  
The planned treatments are: 
• 
KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg or 160 mg) 
• 
KLS-GABA (40 mg-17mg, 80 mg-34 mg, or 160 mg-68 mg) 
• 
Gabapentin* (300 mg) 
• 
Placebo 
* Product commercialised in the UK: Neurontin 300 mg hard capsules. 
Subjects will be required to attend the CRU for a screening visit within 28 days prior to dosing to ensure 
they meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria and are in good general health.  
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Following initial screening, subjects will be required to attend the CRU for an additional screening visit 
at least 7 days prior to first dosing to assess their response to capsaicin and familiarise them in the 
pain measurements. Subjects will receive a single ID administration of 100 µg capsaicin into a novel 
site on the volar surface of the forearm. Prior to and 15 minutes after administration of capsaicin, 
measurements of pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia and AF will be performed according to the procedures 
described in Section 9. In order for the subjects to be eligible, they must be able to tolerate the 
injection and also demonstrate a sufficient response, defined as an area of hyperalgesia ≥ 15cm2 15 
minutes after the injection. 
Subjects will be admitted to the CRU on Day -1 for collection of baseline safety assessments, pain 
measurements and to complete the ID capsaicin model (see Appendix 2). Subjects will receive a single 
100 µg capsaicin injection into a novel site on the volar surface of the forearm. 
Subjects will receive a single oral dose of KLS alone (40 mg, 80 mg or 160 mg), KLS-GABA (40 mg-17 
mg, 80 mg-34 mg or 160 mg-68 mg), 300 mg gabapentin or placebo in the morning of Day 1. All 
subjects will undergo pre-dose safety assessments, pain measurements and PK blood sampling on Day 
1. PK blood samples will also be taken prior to application of the ID capsaicin model on Day 1. All 
subjects will have an ID capsaicin injection on Day 1 at the tmax determined for KLS alone or KLS-GABA 
from Part A. All subjects will remain in the CRU until 12 hours post-dose for the collection of safety 
assessments, pain measurements and PK blood samples at multiple timepoints. 
Subjects will attend a follow-up visit 5 to 7 days post-dose. The duration of participation for each 
subject is expected to last approximately 6 weeks. 
 
 
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3. 
CONVENTIONS 
All summary tables, figures and data listings will be produced using SAS software 9.4 or above. 
Summaries will be performed by treatment group, separately for Part A (crossover design) and Part B 
(parallel design). 
Descriptive statistics will be used for all variables, as appropriate. Continuous variables will be 
summarised by the number of observations, mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and 
maximum. For log-transformed data, the geometric mean, coefficient of variation (CV), median, 
minimum and maximum will be presented. No hypothesis testing will be conducted.   
Categorical variables will be summarised by frequency counts and percentages for each category. 
For AE summaries, the n and % of subjects with event, as well as the number of events, will be shown. 
For all Part A endpoints, the last observation before the first dose of corresponding study treatment 
will be considered the baseline measurement unless otherwise specified. However, if an evaluable 
assessment is only available after randomisation but before the first dose of randomised treatment 
then this assessment will be used as baseline. For Part A, baseline for each treatment period will be 
defined as last observation before the first dose of study treatment (Period 1 Day -1 and Period 2  
Day-1). 
For Part B safety and PK endpoints, the last observation before dosing will be considered the baseline 
measurement unless otherwise specified. However, if an evaluable assessment is only available after 
randomisation but before the first dose of randomised treatment then this assessment will be used 
as baseline.  
For Part B PD endpoints, the day -1 observation at each post-Capsaicin injection timepoint will be 
considered the baseline measurement for each corresponding day 1 post-Capsaicin timepoint, i.e., the 
baseline for day 1 15 minutes post-Capsaicin injection will be the day-1 15 minutes post-Capsaicin 
injection value. If a day-1 PD value at the 30-minute, 60-minute or 90-minute post-Capsaicin 
timepoints is missing for a subject, linear interpolation will be used to compute the missing value. If a 
subject’s 120-minute post-Capsaicin value is missing, last observation carried forwards (LOCF) will be 
used instead. If a subject’s 15-minute post-Capsaicin value is missing, next observation carried 
backwards (NOCB) will be used. 
Assessments on the day of the dosing where neither time nor a nominal pre-dose indicator are 
captured will be considered prior to the dosing if such procedures are required by the protocol to be 
conducted before the dosing. 
In all summaries change from baseline variables will be calculated as the post-treatment value minus 
the value at baseline. For Part A change from baseline will be calculated only for post-treatment 
evaluation during the corresponding Period (Days 1 to 3) and assigned to treatment according to 
treatment period (see Section X). 
Data for Part A and Part B will be listed separately. All listings will be ordered by treatment sequence 
for Part A or by treatment for Part B and subject number and will include all available data including 
unscheduled data.  
Unscheduled values will not be used for analysis. Assessments conducted at unscheduled visits will be 
listed. 
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There will be an interim analysis of PK for Part A and a final analysis of both parts. 
Page layout of tables and listings in landscape mode: 
• 
Page size: A4 
• 
Margins: 
o Top = 2.54cm 
o Bottom = 2.54cm 
o Left = 2.54cm 
o Right = 2.54cm  
o Gutter = 0 
o Header (from edge) = 1.25cm 
o Footer (from edge) = 1.25cm  
• 
Font: 
o Font size = 7.5  
o Font = Courier New 
 
 
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4. 
ANALYSIS SETS AND TREATMENT GROUPS 
4.1.  
Analysis Sets (Part A) 
4.1.1.  Intent-to-Treat Set (Part A) 
The ITT Set will be defined as all subjects randomized. A subject’s randomized treatment sequence 
will be used for analysis regardless of the actual treatment received. ITT Set will be used for disposition 
and demographic analysis. 
4.1.2.  Safety Set (Part A) 
The Safety Set will be defined as all subjects who received a at least one dose of the IMP (KLS-GABA 
or KLS). The actual treatment received will be used for analysis according to treatment period. Safety 
Set will be used for all safety analyses and endpoints. 
4.1.3.  Pharmacokinetic Set (Part A) 
The PK Set will be defined as all subjects who received a at least one dose of the IMP (KLS-GABA or 
KLS) and have evaluable PK data. The actual treatment received will be used for analysis according to 
treatment period. PK Set will be used for all PK analyses and endpoints. 
4.2.  
Analysis Sets (Part B) 
4.2.1.  Intent-to-Treat Set (Part B) 
The ITT Set will be defined as all subjects randomized. A subject’s randomized treatment will be used 
for analysis regardless of the actual treatment received. ITT Set will be used for disposition and 
demographic analysis. 
4.2.2.  Safety Set (Part B) 
The Safety Set will be defined as all subjects who received a at least one dose of the IMP (KLS, KLS-
GABA, gabapentin, or Placebo). The actual treatment received will be used for analysis. Safety Set will 
be used for all safety analyses and endpoints. 
4.2.3.  Pharmacokinetic Set (Part B) 
The PK Set will be defined as all subjects who received a at least one dose of the IMP (KLS, KLS-GABA, 
gabapentin, or Placebo) and have evaluable PK data. The actual treatment received will be used for 
analysis. PK Set will be used for all PK analyses and endpoints. 
4.2.4.  Pharmacodynamic Set (Part B) 
The PD Set will be defined as all randomised subjects who received a dose of randomised therapy and 
complete the ID capsaicin injection. The actual treatment received will be used for analysis. The 
analyses of efficacy endpoints will use the PD set. 
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4.3. 
Treatment groups 
For summary statistics, subjects will be presented in different ways, as applicable: 
• 
for Part A: 
o by planned treatment sequence of randomized subjects (“[KLS 80 mg - GABA 34 mg] – KLS 
80 mg” and “KLS 80 mg – [KLS 80 mg - GABA 34 mg]”). This presentation will be used 
optionally for descriptive outputs (disposition, demographics, etc.), but generally will not 
be used for analysis of endpoints. 
o by actual treatment of subjects in each treatment period (“KLS 80 mg - GABA 34 mg” and 
“KLS 80 mg”). This presentation will be used for analysis of endpoints, and optionally for 
descriptive outputs (disposition, demographics, etc.).  
• 
for Part B: 
o by planned treatment of subjects (“KLS 40 mg”, “KLS 80 mg”, “KLS 160 mg”, “KLS 40 mg - 
GABA 17 mg”, “KLS 80 mg - GABA 34 mg”, “KLS 160 mg – GABA 68 mg”, “Gabapentin 300 
mg”, “Placebo”). This presentation will be used for descriptive outputs (disposition, 
demographics, etc.). 
o by actual treatment of subjects (“KLS 40 mg”, “KLS 80 mg”, “KLS 160 mg”, “KLS 40 mg - 
GABA 17 mg”, “KLS 80 mg - GABA 34 mg”, “KLS 160 mg – GABA 68 mg”, “Gabapentin 300 
mg”, “Placebo”). This presentation will be used for analysis of safety, efficacy and PK 
endpoints. 
 
 
 
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5.  
ANALYSIS PERIODS 
There will be two treatment periods within Part A. Analysis phases and treatment periods: 
• 
SCREENING analysis phase starts with sign of Informed Consent and ends with first IMP 
administration; 
• 
TREATMENT PERIOD 1 analysis phase/period starts with first IMP administration within Part 
A and ends with second IMP administration within Part A; 
• 
TREATMENT PERIOD 2 analysis phase/period starts with second IMP administration within 
Part A and ends with the end of study. 
There will be one treatment period within Part B. Analysis phases and treatment periods:  
• 
SCREENING analysis phase starts with sign of Informed Consent and ends with first IMP 
administration; 
• 
TREATMENT PERIOD analysis phase/period starts first study drug administration and ends 
with the end of study. 
 
 
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6.  
ANALYSIS METHODS 
6.1.  
Participant Disposition  
Disposition will be summarized descriptively using counts and percentages for All Patients separately 
for Part A and Part B. Subjects from Part A will be analysed by planned treatment sequence and overall. 
Subjects in the Part B will be analysed by planned treatment and in overall. The number and 
percentage of subjects entered into the study, enrolled in the study, randomized, and treated as well 
as number and percentage of subjects completed the study will be presented, together with number 
and percentage of subjects who prematurely discontinued from the study along with reasons for study 
discontinuation. 
A listing of subject disposition status will be provided separately for Part A and Part B. The number of 
subjects in each analysis set will be summarized descriptively by treatment with counts and 
percentages separately Part A and Part B.  
A listing of subject’s inclusion to analysis sets will be provided separately for Part A and Part B. A 
subject’s eligibility with inclusion/exclusion criteria completions or violations will be listed separately 
for Part A and Part B. 
6.2.  
Protocol Deviations 
The frequency and percentage of participants in each protocol deviation category will be summarised 
using the Safety Set. Participants from Part A will be analysed by planned treatment sequence and 
overall and by actual treatment during the study and overall. Participants in the Part B will be analysed 
by actual treatment and in overall. 
All protocol deviations will be listed using the Safety Set. 
6.3. 
Demographic and Baseline Characteristics  
Demographic data and baseline characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, height, body weight 
and BMI will be summarised. 
Demographic data will include gender, age and ethnicity. Baseline characteristics will include body 
weight, height and BMI.  
Demographics and baseline characteristics will be summarized for all subjects overall and by 
treatment sequence (Part A) or treatment (Part B). Summary statistics will be generated for all 
continuous variables (i.e., age and weight, height and BMI) and the number and percentage of subjects 
within each category will be presented for all categorical variables (i.e., gender, race and ethnicity). 
The summary results for Part A and Part B will be based on the ITT Set.  
6.4. 
Medical History 
Medical history will be coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) of latest 
version (version will be clarified in the output footnotes), listed and summarized with descriptive 
statistics by System Organ Class (SOC) and Preferred Term (PT) separately for Part A (by treatment 
sequence based on ITT Set) and for Part B (by treatment based on ITT Set). 
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6.5. 
Prior and Concomitant Medication 
Medications will be coded with the latest version of the WHO drug dictionary, listed and presented by 
ATC Class 2 and Preferred Term. Each medication will be classified as prior or concomitant. 
Prior medication will be defined as any medication that was stopped prior to the start of taking the 
study drug/ taken during the 30-day period before signing the ICF. Prior medications will be 
summarised based on ITT Set by treatment sequence and overall for Part A and based on Safety Set 
by treatment and overall for Part B.  
Concomitant medication will be defined as any ongoing medication used at the time of the start of 
taking the study drug /all medications taken after the study drug administration. Concomitant 
medications will be summarised based on Safety Set by treatment according to treatment period and 
overall. If the medication was ongoing during both treatment periods in Part A then it will be 
considered as concomitant for both treatments. 
6.6. 
Safety Parameters 
Unless specified in any of the furthers sections, analysis of Safety parameters will be based on Safety 
Set. 
6.6.1. Adverse Events (AE) 
All verbatim AE terms will be coded using MedDRA of latest version (version will be clarified in the 
output footnotes) and summarized by system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT).  
A TEAE will be defined as any AE that has an onset on or after taking study drug, or any pre-existing 
condition that has worsened on or after taking study drug. For Part A each TEAE will be attributed to 
treatment period and treatment according to onset date. 
The frequency and incidence of TEAEs will be summarised by SOC and PT by treatment according to 
treatment period and overall. Summaries will also include, but not limited to, relationship to study 
drug and maximum severity. The summary will be sorted by SOC and PT by frequency from the highest 
to the lowest. All AE data will be listed. 
For each of the summaries produced at the participant level, multiple occurrences of the same event 
within a participant will be counted once in the summaries by SOC and PT; multiple occurrences of the 
same event within a participant will be counted once in the maximum severity category and/or 
maximum drug relationship category. If severity or relationship is found to be missing, the most severe 
occurrence will be imputed for that particular summary. 
These summaries will also present the number of events that occurred, so multiple occurrences of the 
same event within a participant will all be accounted for in the maximum intensity category and 
maximum relationship category they were classed as. 
6.6.2. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) 
Descriptive statistics will be calculated for absolute value and change from baseline (pre-dose) of each 
parameter by visit and by treatment according to treatment period and overall. Where multiple values 
are recorded at a timepoint for a subject, the mean of the values will be used in the summary statistics. 
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6.6.3. Vital signs 
Vital signs will include systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body temperature and heart 
rate. Descriptive statistics will be calculated for absolute value and change from baseline (pre-dose) 
of each parameter by visit, by timepoint and by treatment according to treatment period. Frequency 
tabulations of the abnormalities will be provided for each parameter by visit, by timepoint (including 
only timepoints with PI Interpretation) and by treatment according to treatment period and overall. 
6.6.4. Clinical laboratory  
Clinical Laboratory evaluation results (haematology and blood chemistry) will be summarised. 
Descriptive statistics will be calculated for absolute value and change from baseline (pre-dose) of each 
parameter by visit and by treatment according to treatment period. Categorical parameters (if 
applicable) will be summarised by counts and percentages of participants within each category by 
treatment group and visit. All presentations will be based on the International System of Units. The 
frequency of laboratory abnormalities will be tabulated.  
Urinalysis data will be listed only. Clinical Laboratory listings will flag values that are outside normal 
reference ranges or markedly abnormal findings. 
6.6.5. Physical Examination 
Physical examination data will be summarised separately for Part A (by treatment sequence based on 
ITT Set) and for Part B (by treatment based on Safety Set). 
6.7.  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis 
The PK analysis is outside the scope of this analysis plan. That analysis will be described in a separate 
document. 
6.8.  
Pharmacodynamic Analysis 
PD analysis will be conducted for Part B only and will be based on Pharmacodynamic Set. 
6.8.1.  Descriptive PD analysis 
Descriptive statistics will be calculated for absolute value and change from baseline (with baseline 
defined as the day -1 observation at each post-Capsaicin injection timepoint) for Scores (VAS or NRS) 
and Area measured (cm2) by visit and by treatment according to treatment period. 
The list of PD parameters includes: 
• 
area of hyperalgesia (Primary Endpoint); 
• 
measurement of pain score; 
• 
pain score of hyperalgesia; 
• 
area of allodynia; 
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• 
pain score of allodynia; 
• 
area of flare. 
6.8.2.  PD Figures 
Corresponding figures will be produced for each PD parameter (see Section 6.8.1): 
• 
individual PD figures by timepoint separately for each patient. 
• 
PD figures by treatment group (individual and combined – see below) and timepoint with the 
overall mean (± Standard Error) across patients.  
6.8.3.  PD Modelling  
Two separate sets models will be fit to the data. Individual models will be fit per treatment group (“KLS 
40 mg”, “KLS 80 mg”, “KLS 160 mg”, “KLS 40 mg - GABA 17 mg”, “KLS 80 mg - GABA 34 mg”, “KLS 160 
mg – GABA 68 mg”, “Gabapentin 300 mg”, “Placebo”) to assess means and change from baseline in 
score and area for each PD parameter (see Section 6.8.1). Combined models will be fit using combined 
treatments (i.e. different doses of the same treatment combined –“KLS alone”, “KLS-GABA”, 
“Gabapentin”, “Placebo”) to assess differences in means and change from baseline in score and area 
for each PD parameter (see Section 6.8.1). 
Individual models (by treatment): 
The MMRM model will contain terms for the actual treatment group (and timepoint and will contain 
baseline Score / Area as a covariate and subject as a random effect. 
An unstructured covariance matrix will be assumed. If the fit of the unstructured covariance structure 
fails to converge, the following covariance structures will be tried in order until convergence is 
reached: toeplitz with heterogeneity, autogressive with heterogeneity, toeplitz, and autoregressive.  
Least squares (LS) means will be reported by timepoint along with corresponding 95% confidence 
intervals (CIs). 
The model will be fit separately for each treatment group, for the following dependent variables: 
• 
Score / Area for each PD parameter 
• 
Change in score / Area for each PD parameter 
Combined models (treatment as a term; comparing against placebo): 
The MMRM model will contain terms for actual combined treatment group and timepoint and will 
contain baseline Score / Area as a covariate and subject as a random effect.  
An unstructured covariance matrix will be assumed. If the fit of the unstructured covariance structure 
fails to converge, the following covariance structures will be tried in order until convergence is 
reached: toeplitz with heterogeneity, autogressive with heterogeneity, toeplitz, and autoregressive. 
LS means will be reported by timepoint for each treatment group; the difference in LS means between 
each dose arm and placebo will be presented along with corresponding 95% CIs. 
The modelling will be conducted separately for the following dependent variables: 
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• 
Score / Area for each PD parameter 
• 
Change in score / Area for each PD parameter 
6.8.4.  Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Statistical Analysis 
The relationship between the PK parameters and PD parameters will be investigated by estimating 
the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients by treatment. This analysis will be conducted for 
Part B only based on PK population. 
 
 
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7.  
HANDLING OF MISSING OR INCOMPLETE DATA 
Unrecorded values, other than PD baseline values, will be treated as missing. Efforts will be made to 
prevent this from occurring. For complete missing visits, the missing data will be treated as missing at 
random and will not be imputed in the statistical analysis except for partial dates.  
As mentioned in Section 3, any missing PD baseline values at the 30-minute, 60-minute and 90-minute 
post-Capsaicin timepoints will be imputed using Linear Interpolation. Missing PD baseline values at 
the 15-minute and 120-minute post-Capsaicin timepoints will be imputed using NOCB and LOCF, 
respectively. If there are any missing PD baseline values, the imputed values will be clearly flagged in 
the listings. Separate summary statistics tables will be created for the PD data with non-imputed 
values and the PD data with imputed values.  
7.1. 
Prior and Concomitant Medication Dates 
Partial dates for any prior and concomitant medications recorded in the eCRF will be imputed using 
the following convention: 
• 
If the partial date is a start date, a ‘01’ will be used for the day and ‘Jan’ will be used for the 
month. 
• 
If the partial date is a stop date, a ‘28/29/30/31’ will be used for the day (dependent on the 
month and year) and ‘Dec’ will be used for the month. 
The recorded partial date will be displayed in listings. No imputation will be performed for completely 
missing start and end dates. 
7.2.  
AE Start and End Dates 
The eCRF allows for the possibility of partial dates (i.e. only month and year) to be recorded for AE 
start and end dates; that is the day of the month may be missing. In such a case, the following 
conventions will be applied for calculating the time of onset and the duration of the event: 
• 
Missing Start Day: First of the month will be used unless this is before the start date of first 
study treatment; in this case the study treatment start date will be used and hence the event 
is considered treatment emergent. 
• 
Missing Stop Day: Last day of the month will be used, unless this is after the stop date of study 
completion; in this case the study stop date will be used. 
Completely missing start or end dates will remain missing, with no imputation applied. Consequently, 
time to onset and duration of such events will be missing. 
 
 
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8.  
CHANGES FROM THE PROTOCOL-PLANNED ANALYSES 
Primary endpoint of Part B has been changed to “Reduction in area of hyperalgesia” from 
“Analgesia/reduction in pain”. 
 
 
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9.  
TABLE AND LISTING SHELLS 
TFL Shells will be provided as a separate document. The TFLs listed and the corresponding numbering 
may be subject to alteration. 
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