Clinical trial NCT04237584
Conditions: Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Keywords: mCRPC ARB Radiopharmaceutical
Sponsor: MANA RBM
Start date: 2020-06-30; Completion date: 2022-03-07
Enrollment: 23 participants; Allocation: RANDOMIZED; Intervention model: SEQUENTIAL

Brief summary:
This is a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, Phase III study of radium-223 plus enzalutamide or darolutamide compared to enzalutamide or darolutamide treatment plus placebo.

Detailed description:
The hypothesis investigators will test in this study is whether layering radium-223 following 16 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide exposure in patients demonstrating a biochemical response improves disease outcomes. By adding radium-223 following a potential bone flare phenomenon \[after first 12-14 weeks of therapy with an androgen receptor blocker (ARB)\], including patients expected to have durable response to systemic therapy, and mandating the use of bone protective agents during treatment, the investigators aim to demonstrate an optimal time to add radium-223 in the mCRPC landscape.

Arms: arm 1: Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide tablets, 160 mg PO QD) for 12 weeks. arm 2: Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind Radium-223 IV at 55 kBq/kg IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label enzalutamide. arm 3: Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind normal saline placebo IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label enzalutamide. arm 4: Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (darolutamide tablets, 300 mg PO BID) for 12 weeks. arm 5: Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (darolutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind Radium-223 IV at 55 kBq/kg IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label darolutamide. arm 6: Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (darolutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind normal saline placebo IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label darolutamide.
Interventions: intervention 1: Enzalutamide during Lead-in Period intervention 2: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Radium-223/Enzalutamide intervention 3: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Placebo/Enzalutamide intervention 4: Darolutamide during Lead-in Period intervention 5: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Radium-223/Darolutamide intervention 6: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Placebo/Darolutamide
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Participants will receive 12 weeks open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide) that will continue after double-blind randomization to radium-223 or placebo. intervention 2: After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label enzalutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label enzalutamide. intervention 3: After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label enzalutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label enzalutamide. intervention 4: Participants will receive 12 weeks open-label lead-in darolutamide that will continue after double-blind randomization to radium-223 or placebo. intervention 5: After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label darolutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label darolutamide. intervention 6: After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label darolutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label darolutamide.

Protocol documents:
ICF_001.pdf: 
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INFORMED CONSENT FORM
Sponsor / Study Title:
MANA RBM / ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study 
Comparing Xtandi or Nubeqa with Radium-223 vs Xtandi or 
Nubeqa with Placebo and the Effect upon Symptomatic 
Skeletal Event-Free Survival for mCRPC Patients 
Protocol Number:
PC18-1005 
Principal Investigator:
(Study Doctor)
«PiFullName»
Telephone:
«IcfPhoneNumber»
Additional Contact(s):
(Study Staff)
«AdditionalStaffMemberContacts»
Address:
«PiLocations»
KEY INFORMATION 
You are invited to take part in a research study. This research study is studying Xtandi (enzalutamide) or 
Nubeqa (darolutamide) followed by Xofigo (radium-223) or Placebo (saltwater) as a possible treatment for 
metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). MANA RBM is sponsoring this research study. This
Informed Consent provides a summary of this research. It describes the important information that we believe
most people need in order to decide whether to take part in this research. 
Please read this form carefully. Take your time to ask the study doctor or study staff as many questions about 
the study as you would like. The study doctor or study staff can explain words or information that you do not 
understand. Reading this form and talking to the study doctor or study staff may help you decide whether to 
take part or not. If you decide to take part in this study, you must sign your name at the end of this form and 
date it. 
What should you know about this research?

The study doctor is being paid by a grant from Bayer Pharmaceutical for carrying out this study.

Someone will explain this research to you.

Taking part in this research is voluntary. Whether you take part is up to you. If you don’t take part, it
won’t be held against you.

You can take part now and later drop out, and it won’t be held against you.

If you don’t understand, ask questions.

Ask all the questions you want before you decide.
Answering the research question will help doctors learn more about best time to add Xofigo after Xtandi or 
Nubeqa for future patients.  
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There are risks to taking study drugs and the study procedures that are described later in this document. Some 
risks could be serious and not all of the side effects/risks are known. You will be monitored closely for any 
health changes during this study.
What is the research question the study is trying to answer? 
The research is designed to answer whether adding monthly Xofigo injection following 12-16 weeks of oral 
Xtandi or Nubeqa improves your prostate cancer outcome. The best time to add monthly injections of Xofigo 
after 12-16 weeks of Xtandi or Nubeqa has not been established. This study will add Xofigo after you have 
taken Xtandi or Nubeqa for 12-16 weeks, rather than giving Xofigo at the same time as Xtandi or Nubeqa.  
This will allow researchers to evaluate if this dosing schedule will prevent or delay the negative consequences
of cancer which has spread to bone such as bone pain, fractures, and spinal cord compression (an area of 
cancer that presses on the spinal cord).  More information on all drugs used in this study are explained later in
this document. 
About 599 subjects will take part in this research.
How long will you be in this research?
It may take up to 42 days to be accepted into the study during the screening process. Upon entry into the 
study, there are three (3) phases: 
Phase 1 will be 12-16 weeks of an oral (by mouth) therapy. In this phase you will take only Xtandi or Nubeqa
with your androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and a bone health agent. 
Phase 2 will take up to 6 months and will include the addition of 1-6 monthly injections with Xofigo (a form 
of radiation therapy) or placebo along with Xtandi or Nubeqa. 
Phase 3 will be follow-up which can last about 3-4 years on average. In total you can expect to be in the 
study for up to 4 years.
What happens to the information collected for this research?
Efforts will be made to keep your records private to the degree allowed by law. Research records are stored 
and kept according to legal requirements. You will not be identified in any reports or publications about this 
study. No one can promise complete secrecy.
Your records may be reviewed by the following groups:

The IRB (Institutional Review Board) committee that oversees the research;

The sponsor of the study, their agents or study monitors; 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration;

Your insurance company; 

Members of the study staff; 

Additional groups explained in the HIPAA Authorization for Research.
If you consent to the additional blood draw for future prostate cancer research those samples will be de-
identified (no name or medical record number) and may be used by others without seeking additional consent 
from you.
There is a risk of potential loss of confidentiality. Every effort will be made to keep your information 
confidential; however, this cannot be guaranteed. You may stop your participation in this study at any time. A
non-medical risk is the disclosure of your protected health information (PHI). PHI is any health information 
that is collected about you, including your history and new information collected during this study. If your 
study involves the use of your medical records, you will have an opportunity to review the ways in which 
your PHI may be used and disclosed in the HIPAA Authorization for Research part of this consent.
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A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by U.S. Law.
This Web site will not include information that can identify you. At most, the Web site will include a 
summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any time.
If you decide to take part in this research study, you will have tests, exams and procedures that are part of 
your usual care and you will have additional ones for study purposes. There are 3 drugs that are being studied 
in this research. Xtandi, Nubeqa and Xofigo. You will take by mouth either Xtandi or Nubeqa for 12-16 
weeks. Then you will have either Xofigo or placebo (saline) injected into your veins monthly for 6 months 
while you continue taking either Xtandi or Nubeqa. Whether you take Xtandi or Nubeqa or receive Xofigo or 
placebo will be decided by randomizations (flip of a coin) performed by a computer. 
What impact will participating in this research have on you? Will your participation reduce your options 
for standard treatments? 
It is not yet known exactly how your participation in this study will impact your future treatment options. 
How will your experience in this study differ from treatment outside of the study
There will be a few tests that may not normally done such as:
Questions about how often you take Xtandi or Nubeqa
A few tests, similar to games, using an iPAD to measure your cognitive function (brain function) 
A walking test
ECG (to measure the electrical activity of your heart)
Two questionnaires answered on an iPAD: one to see how you feel and another to see how well your 
brain is working
Your doctor visits will take extra time due to these extra tests.
 
In what ways is this research new?
In this study, if you are on the study drug (Xofigo), you will receive it earlier than you would typically receive
it if you were not on this study. It is more common to receive Xofigo only after further prostate cancer 
progression has occurred. If you are on the placebo (saltwater), your study treatment will be closer to what 
occurs in most clinical practices.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 
You are being asked to participate in this research study because you have metastatic castration-resistant 
prostate cancer (mCRPC.
Despite your current treatment, your prostate cancer has progressed, and your physician would like to add a 
drug that will attempt to slow or stop your cancer from growing. For your prostate cancer cells to grow, 
something called an androgen has to attach to a protein in the prostate cancer cell. The drug your physician 
would like to add to your current treatment works by blocking the attachment of androgen to prostate cancer 
cell proteins to slow or stop the cancer from growing. Xtandi and Nubeqa are two such drugs that will be used
during the first 12 weeks of this research study, and will continue during and possibly after Xofigo (radium-
223) or placebo (saltwater) is added and completed. 
If prostate cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it nearly always goes to the bones first. Bone metastasis 
(spread) can be painful and can cause other problems, such as fractures (breaks), spinal cord compression (an 
area of cancer that presses on the spinal cord), or high blood calcium levels, which can be dangerous or even 
life threatening. To treat cancer that has spread to bone, medications called radiopharmaceuticals which that 
contain radioactive elements are injected into a vein and travel to areas of damaged bones (like those 
containing cancer spread). Once there, they give off radiation that kills cancer cells. These drugs can be used 
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to treat prostate cancer that has spread to many bones.  Xofigo is such a drug and will be used in this research 
study. 
The purpose of this research study is to: 
Test the safety and effectiveness of the study drugs, Nubeqa or Xtandi followed by radium-223 or placebo
(saltwater).
Determine if adding radium-223 earlier after mCRPC diagnosis will result in fewer fractures and bone-
related problems.
Xtandi and Xofigo are routine drugs used for your type of cancer; cancer that has metastasized (spread). 
Nubeqa is routinely given for cancers that have not metastasized (spread).
The use of Nubeqa in this study is investigational. An investigational use is one that is not approved by the 
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a particular disease status (indication). Nubeqa has 
been approved by the FDA for patients whose prostate cancer has not spread to other parts of the body; it has 
not been approved by the FDA for patients whose prostate cancer has spread to other parts of the body. 
Nubeqa will be supplied to you by the study at no cost to you or your insurance company.  You have a 50% 
chance of getting Nubeqa.
Xtandi is FDA approved for patients that have demonstrated that their prostate cancer has spread to other 
parts of the body. Therefore, Xtandi is billable to your insurance company and you will be responsible for any
co-pay payments. A prescription will be written for you to fill. You have a 50% chance of getting Xtandi.
Xofigo is FDA approved for patients that have demonstrated that their prostate cancer has spread to other 
parts of the body. Xofigo will be provided through the study for 50% of subjects and 50% will get a placebo 
(inactive substance) instead.
Why is this study using a placebo (saltwater) and why is it double blinded at this phase?
The best and most reliable form of research is a double-blinded (you and the research team don’t know which 
medication is being given), placebo-(saltwater) controlled study.  In this research 50% of subjects receives the
active drug Xofigo. The other 50% receives a placebo (saltwater) that will look like the real drug but has no 
clinical effect.  Again, subjects in both groups do not know whether they are getting the real drug or placebo 
thus they are blinded. Furthermore, the direct research team managing this study is also not told about which 
group is receiving which study treatment (making it a "double-blind" experiment). The purpose of this kind of
study is to eliminate the power of suggestion. If the people in the group that receives real drug (Xofigo) do 
significantly better than those in the placebo (saltwater) group, it is a strong indication that the real drug 
(Xofigo) works and perhaps could be used earlier after mCRPC diagnosis. 
About 599 subjects will be screened in this study, of which about 499 will receive Nubeqa or Xtandi (Phase 
1), and about 414 will receive Xofigo monthly injections Radium-223 or Placebo (Phase 2).
WHAT WILL HAPPEN DURING THE STUDY
Your voluntary participation in this study will last approximately 4 years and will include as many as 35 
study visits to the study center.  
Screening:
Before any study-related tests and procedures are performed, you will be asked to read and sign this consent 
document. If you have had some of these tests or procedures within 42 days of starting the study drug, they 
may or may not have to be repeated. The screening tests and procedures listed below are performed to 
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determine if you qualify to take part in this study. If the review of your medical history and/or medications 
show you do not qualify for the study, you might not need to do all the screening tests.: 
Lab work to make sure you can take either Xtandi or Nubeqa (about 2 tablespoons)
ECG:  a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat.
MRI or CT and bone scans images to see bone and tissue structures inside your body. 
Review of your medical history including your risk for future bone fractures.
Review of your use of bone health agents and your past prostate cancer treatments.
Collection of information about you including race, ethnicity, and highest level of education.
Review of medications you are currently taking and recently stopped medications.
A physical examination including measurement of your height, weight, vital signs, and current health
status
Using an iPAD, you will do practice tests to get you familiar with the real tests that will be done later in
the study
Collect a blood sample (about 2 teaspoons) for future prostate cancer research (this is optional) and you
can decline to participate on the signature page of this document 
Obtain a prescription for enzalutamide and start the process for insurance coverage.
Screening can be completed in multiple visits, if needed.  The total time should take about 2 hours.
After screening, but before your first dose of Xtandi or Nubeqa:
Using an iPad you will complete two (2) questionnaires to measure your cognitive (brain) status and the
way you are feeling (well-being). An iPAD will also be used to take a series of four (4) tests to further
measure your cognitive (brain) function
You will have a walking test to see how fast you can safely get up from a chair and walk 10 feet, turn
around and return to your chair
If you are eligible (fit all entry criteria) you will be randomized (flip of a coin) by a computer to one of the 
two androgen blocking drugs Xtandi or Nubeqa. 
This visit should take about one hour to complete.
This study will use competitive enrollment. This means that when a target number of subjects begins the 
study, all further enrollment will be closed. Therefore, it is possible that you could be in the screening phase, 
ready to begin the study, and be discontinued without your consent if the target number of subjects has 
already begun the study.
If you qualify to take part in this study and go on to receive the study treatment, then the following will 
happen: 
Study Treatment – Phase 1 
For your first study treatment phase, you will be randomly assigned by chance (like the flip of a coin) to 
receive either Xtandi or Nubeqa. You will have a 50% (1 in 2) chance of receiving Xtandi and a 50% (1 in 2) 
chance of receiving Nubeqa. This part of the study is open-label. This means that you, the Investigator, study 
staff and the Sponsor will know the study drugs and the doses that you are given.

If you are assigned to Xtandi, you will need to get your prescription filled, start taking the study 
medication according to the Investigator’s instruction, and notify your Investigator when you have started
the drug.
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
If you are assigned to Nubeqa, you will get your first bottle of study medication at this visit and can start 
taking the medication according to the Investigator’s instruction.

You will continue to take your current hormone therapy as well as a bone protective drug which your 
study doctor has already ordered for you as routine therapy. 
You will have the following study visits and undergo the following procedures: 
Phase 1 PSA Visits, 3 visits:
You will need to take the study medication assigned to you by the first randomization. Xtandi is usually given
(4 capsules) once daily and Nubeqa is usually given (2 tablets) twice daily.
During the visits, the following will be done:

PSA blood levels checked  

Review how you are feeling, doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred

Review and dispense study medications, when needed
The PSA test is routinely done for all patients regardless of whether they are or are not participating in a study
while receiving these drugs.   These monthly visits should take about ½ hour to complete. Your scans will be 
scheduled every 12-weeks, which is also routine while taking these drugs. This visit may take approximately 
one hour to complete
Evaluation for Second Study Treatment Phase of the Study:
After taking either Xtandi or Nubeqa for at least 12 weeks you and your study doctor will decide if you can 
go onto the second study treatment phase. In order to make the decision your study doctor will need to:

Repeat the same scans you had when you entered the study (CT or MRI and bone scan) 

Repeat lab work (about 2 tablespoons) will be used to help determine if it is safe for you to move to
the second study treatment phase.

Repeat ECG

A short physical examination, vital signs, and determination of your current health status.

Review all medications you are taking

Using an iPad you will complete two (2) questionnaires to measure your cognitive (brain) status and
the way you are feeling (well-being). An iPAD will also be used to take a series of four (4) tests to
further measure your cognitive (brain) function

Walking test

Collect a blood sample (about 2 teaspoons) for future prostate cancer research if you consented to this

Review how you are feeling, doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred

Review of your study medications and dispensing more study medication, if needed 
 
If you are eligible (fit all entry criteria) for the second study treatment phase, you will be randomized (flip of 
a coin) by a computer to either Xofigo or placebo. If the decision is made not to proceed to the second 
randomization, your study doctor will discuss other treatment options with you and your participation in the 
study will end after collection of End of Study information.
Study Treatment – Phase 2 
For your second study treatment phase, you will be randomly assigned by chance (like the flip of a coin) to 
receive either Xofigo (radium-223) or placebo (inactive substance). You will have a 50% (1 in 2) chance of 
Xofigo (radium-223) and a 50% (1 in 2) chance of receiving placebo. This second random assignment is a 
double-blind, which means neither you nor the Investigator will know to which of these study drug groups 
you are assigned. In case of an emergency, however, the Investigator can get this information. 
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Xofigo is FDA approved for men whose cancer has spread to bones. Xofigo will be supplied to you by the 
study at no cost to you or your insurance company. 
Xofigo or Placebo Injection Visits:
For this second phase of the research you will be taking all the same medications you have been taking for the
past 12-16 weeks and you will have monthly injections of Xofigo or placebo until 6 doses have been given. 
Xofigo or placebo will be administered in a radiation therapy clinic. The research staff will schedule your 
injections for you and will tell you where the clinic is located.  It should take less than a ½ hour for these 
visits.
Clinic visits before 2nd- 6th injection visits:
You will return to the clinic every month after your first Xofigo or placebo dose to have routine blood work 
done to monitor you for safety and review your medications in order to make sure it is still safe for you to 
receive the next month’s injection.   These visits should take about ½ hour.
The clinic visits between injection visits will include:

Vital signs and determination of your current health status

Review how you are feeling, doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred

Review all medications you are taking

Review of your study medications and dispensing more study medication, if needed 
Imaging visits while taking Xofigo:
Every 3 months starting from the date of your first injection of Xofigo or placebo you will have the same 
imaging tests (CT/MRI/bone scan) you had before, an abbreviated physical exam, and the site staff will ask 
you questions about how you are feeling and about any doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred 
since your last visit.
These are routine for patients with prostate cancer undergoing these therapies.  The scans should take 
approximately one hour.
Follow-up– Phase 3 
After you have completed or stopped the Xofigo/placebo injections and your study doctor has determined that
your disease has or has not progressed based on your imaging results and your clinical findings, your study 
doctor will make a decision about your next treatment option. This may include continuing Xtandi or Nubeqa 
or possibly starting you on a new treatment.  If you continue Nubeqa, it will be supplied to you by the study.
If you continue taking Xtandi or Nubeqa you will visit the clinic every 12 weeks for:

Repeat the same scans you had when you entered the study (CT or MRI and bone scan)

Repeat of your blood work

Vital signs

Review all medications you are taking

Review how you are feeling, doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred

Review of your study medications and dispensing more study medication, if needed

Once every 48 weeks: Repeat ECG, determination of your current health status, and walking test
Follow up visits will be done until either your disease progresses, or your study doctor decides to start a 
therapy that is not allowed on this research study. These visits should take about an hour.
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End of Follow-up:
If you or your study doctor decides to stop your Xtandi or Nubeqa due to progression of your mCRPC or in 
order to start a new therapy that is not allowed on the study, you will be asked to return to the clinic for:

Return of study medication(s), if applicable

Review how you are feeling, doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred

Review all medications you are taking

Review of your study medications 

Collect a blood sample (about 2 teaspoons) for future prostate cancer research if you consented to and
if your disease has progressed
This visit will take about 1 hour.
After Study Treatment:
Because this is a research study, the study drug will be given to you only during this study and not after the 
study is over. We will contact you every 6 months to see how you are doing. This can be done with a phone 
call or a review of your medical record. In the event we cannot reach you, we will perform a public records 
search until the study ends for all subjects.
EXPECTATIONS 
If you participate in this study, you will be expected to: 
Attend study visits to complete the visit expectations
Complete iPAD tests and questionnaires
Take study medications per Investigator’s instruction.
Bring partial and full medication bottles to visits for verification you are taking medications.
Could being in this research hurt you?
While on the study, you are at risk for the following side effects. Most of them are listed below but they will 
vary from person to person 
RISKS, SIDE EFFECTS, AND/OR DISCOMFORTS 
Risks of Xtandi
Xtandi likely side effects (seen in greater than 50% of patients): 

Increased blood sugar

Feeling tired or weak
Xtandi frequent side effects (seen in 1-50% of patients):

Back pain

Hot flush

Constipation

Diarrhea

Joint pain

Blood counts decreased

Decreased appetite

Muscle pain

Upper/lower respiratory infection

Changes in blood chemistry
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
Swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet

Increase in blood pressure

Nausea

Falls

Headache

Dizziness

Weight loss or lack or hunger

Troubled breathing with exertion

Muscle weakness

Fractures

Not able to sleep

Blood in the urine

Changes in taste

Spinal cord compression

Tingling of the hands or feet

Anxiety

Confusion or memory problems

Frequent urination

Decreased sensation (skin)

Itching 

Dry skin

Enlarged breast tissue (males)

Nosebleed

Muscle stiffness

Restless legs 
Xtandi rare side effects (seen in less than 1% of patients):

Seizures
Risks of Nubeqa
Nubeqa frequent side effects (seen in 1-50% of patients):

Feeling tired or weak

Back pain

Joint pain

Arm, leg, hand, or foot pain

Nausea

Constipation

Diarrhea

Decreased appetite

Muscle pain

Vomiting

Anemia (decreased red blood cells)

Headache

Difficulty with sleep

Weight decreased

Swelling in hands, arms, legs and feet
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
Blood in urine

Bone pain

Hot flashes

High blood pressure

Troubled breathing with exertion

Fall

Common cold

Prostate cancer

Rash

Changes in blood (lab) results

General health decline

Acute kidney injury

Gas

Enlarged breasts in males

Abdominal bloating

Changes in taste 

Slow elimination

Infection

Frequent urination

Kidney infection

Difficulty with urination

Urinary tract infection
Nubeqa rare side effects (seen in less than 1% of patients):

Pneumonia
Risks of Xofigo
Xofigo likely side effects (seen in greater than 50% of patients): 

Bone pain
Xofigo frequent side effects (seen in 1-50% of patients):

Nausea

Weight decreased

Feeling tired or weak

Diarrhea

Dehydration

Redness, pain or swelling at injection site

Low blood cell counts

Vomiting

Constipation

Progression of cancer

Swelling in arms or legs (extremities)

Urinary tract infection

Troubled breathing with exertion

Dizziness

Fever
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
Decreased appetite

General health decline

Difficulty with sleeping

Difficulty with urination

Blood in urine

Headache

Fracture

Spinal cord compression

Pneumonia

Tingling sensation in skin

Common cold

Frequent urination

Confusion

Rectal bleeding

Kidney failure and impairment
Xofigo rare side effects (seen in less than1% of patients):

Joint swelling
There also may be other side effects or discomforts that we cannot predict, especially to a fetus or embryo. 
Because the drugs in this study may affect an unborn baby, you should not father a baby while on this study. 
Your study doctor will discuss this with you. 
RISKS OF STUDY PROCEDURES
Blood samples: Possible side effects from blood drawing include faintness, inflammation of the vein,
pain, bruising, or bleeding at the site of puncture. There is also a slight possibility of infection.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Skin irritation is rare but could occur during an ECG from the electrodes or gel
that is used.
Questionnaires: The questionnaires used in this study may be upsetting. You do not need to answer any
questions that you are not comfortable with. 
Despite getting study treatments, your symptoms of mCRPC may not improve or may get worse. 
ALLERGIC REACTION RISKS
As with taking any drug, there is a risk of allergic reaction.  If you have a very serious allergic reaction, you 
may be at risk of death.  Some symptoms of allergic reactions are:

Rash

Wheezing and difficulty breathing

Dizziness and fainting

Swelling around the mouth, throat or eyes

A fast pulse

Sweating
Please seek treatment immediately and tell the study doctor and study staff if you have any of these 
symptoms.
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UNFORESEEN RISKS 
Since the use of the Nubeqa for mCRPC is investigational, there may be other risks that are unknown. 
Additionally, there may be unknown risks to a pregnancy, embryo, or fetus if your female partner become 
pregnant.
BIRTH CONTROL RESTRICTIONS 
In order to reduce the risk of pregnancy, you should use an effective method of birth control while you are 
participating in this study and for 6 months after your last dose of the study drug. Acceptable methods of birth
control for use in this study are condoms plus spermicidal agent. The Investigator or study staff will discuss 
this with you. 
If your female partner becomes pregnant while you are participating in this study or within 6 months after you
have stopped taking the study drug, tell your Investigator or study staff immediately. 
ALTERNATIVES TO PARTICIPATION 
You do not have to be in this study to receive treatment for your mCRPC.  Your options may include: 

Your physician may order Xtandi as well as Xofigo which are routine drugs to give for patients 
whose cancer has spread. There might be other drugs that your physician can discuss with you, 
including the risks and benefits of their use.

If you decide that you don’t want any more active treatment, one of your options is called “comfort 
care”, also called palliative care.  This type of care helps reduce pain, tiredness, appetite problems and
other problems caused by the cancer.  It does not treat the cancer directly, but instead tries to improve
how you feel.  Comfort care tries to keep you as active and comfortable as possible. If you think you 
might prefer comfort care, please discuss this with your family, friends and your doctor.
Your participation in this study is voluntary. Please talk to the study doctor about your options before you 
decide whether or not you will take part in this study.
NEW FINDINGS 
Any new important information that is discovered during the study and which may influence your willingness
to continue participation in the study will be provided to you.
BENEFITS
You may benefit as a result of your participation in this study. There is, however, no guarantee that you will 
benefit from your participation in this study. Information learned from the study may help other people in the 
future. 
COMPENSATION FOR PARTICIPATION 
(This language will be modified by each site for visit payments, travel, or for patient assistance for 
obtaining prescription Xtandi. If no compensation is planned, this section will be removed or will state no 
compensation will be given for visits). 
You will be paid up to a total of $xx.xx if you complete this study. You will be paid for the visits you 
complete according to the following schedule:

$xx.xx for Visits xxx. 

$xx.xx for Visits xxx. 

$xx.xx for Visits xxx. 
If you do not complete the study, for any reason, you will be paid for each study visit you do complete. 
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You will be paid ___________ [“after each visit,” “annually,” “bi-weekly,” etc.]
If you have any questions regarding your compensation for participation, please contact the study staff.  
[OR]
You will not receive any monetary compensation for your participation in this study. 
[If applicable:] We will reimburse you for the cost of [describe: e.g., traveling to your study visits]. You will 
be reimbursed approximately [e.g., 2 weeks, 1 month, etc.] after you submit your travel receipts to the study 
staff.
CONFIDENTIALITY  
Records of your participation in this study will be held confidential except when sharing the information is 
required by law or as described in this informed consent. The Investigator, the sponsor or persons working on 
behalf of the sponsor, and under certain circumstances, the United States Food and Drug Administration 
(FDA) and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) will be able to inspect and copy confidential study-related 
records which identify you by name. This means that absolute confidentiality cannot be guaranteed. If the 
results of this study are published or presented at meetings, you will not be identified.
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by U.S. Law.
This Web site will not include information that can identify you. At most, the Web site will include a 
summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any time.
COMPENSATION FOR INJURY 
If you become ill or are injured while you are in the study, get the medical care that you need right away. You
should inform the healthcare professional treating you that you are participating in this study. If you tell the 
study staff that you think you have been injured, then they will direct you to get the care you need. 
(NOTE: The remaining language will be negotiated between sites and Bayer, the funding source for this 
study, and inserted into this section for consistency. If no compensation for injury is negotiated, this will 
be stated.)
By signing this document, you will not lose any of your legal rights or release anyone involved in the research
from responsibility for mistakes.
COSTS 
There will be no charge to you for your participation in this study. Two study drugs (Nubeqa and Radium-223
or placebo), study-related procedures, and study visits will be provided at no charge to you or your insurance 
company. The only cost to you will be your usual (non-study) treatments for prostate cancer including 
imaging, non-study medications, and insurance costs associated with obtaining the study medication Xtandi, 
if you are assigned to the Xtandi study treatment.
WHOM TO CONTACT ABOUT THIS STUDY
During the study, if you experience any medical problems, suffer a research-related injury, or have questions, 
concerns or complaints about the study, please contact the Investigator at the telephone number listed on the 
first page of this consent document. If you seek emergency care, or hospitalization is required, alert the 
treating physician that you are participating in this research study. 
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An institutional review board (IRB) is an independent committee established to help protect the rights of 
research subjects. If you have any questions about your rights as a research subject, and/or concerns or 
complaints regarding this research study, contact:

By mail:
Study Subject Adviser
Advarra IRB
6940 Columbia Gateway Drive, Suite 110
Columbia, MD 21046

or call toll free:    877-992-4724

or by email:          adviser@advarra.com
Please reference the following number when contacting the Study Subject Adviser: Pro00042616.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION / WITHDRAWAL 
Your decision to participate in this study is voluntary. You may choose to not participate or you may 
withdraw from the study for any reason without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled
and without any effect on your future medical care. However, please note that the FDA requires that any 
information collected up to the point of your withdrawal cannot be removed from the study.
If you or your study doctor decides to stop your participation, you will be asked to return to the clinic for:

Return of study medication(s), if applicable

Review how you are feeling, doctor visits or hospitalizations that have occurred

Review all medications you are taking

Review of your study medications 
This visit should take about an hour.
The Investigator or the sponsor can stop your participation at any time without your consent for the following 
reasons:

If it appears to be medically harmful to you;

If you fail to follow directions for participating in the study;

If it is discovered that you do not meet the study requirements;

If the study is canceled; or 

For administrative reasons.
If you leave the study for any reason, the Investigator may ask you to have some end-of-study tests for your 
safety. 
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CONSENT STATEMENT
I have read and understand the information in this informed consent document. I have had an opportunity to 
ask questions and all of my questions have been answered to my satisfaction. I voluntarily agree to participate
in this study until I decide otherwise. I do not give up any of my legal rights by signing this consent 
document. I will receive a copy of this signed and dated consent document.
________________________________________
Subject’s Printed Name 
________________________________________
___________ 
Subject’s Signature
Date
________________________________________
Printed Name of the Person Conducting the 
Consent Discussion 
________________________________________
___________
Signature of the Person Conducting the 
Date
Consent Discussion
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Prot_SAP_002.pdf: 
The CUSP Group, LLC 
A Uro-Oncology Trial Management Organization 
Confidential 
STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
PC18-1005 
Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
VERSION 1.2 
Page 1 of 102 
ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide with Radium-223 vs Enzalutamide or Darolutamide with 
Placebo and the Effect upon Symptomatic Skeletal Event-Free Survival for 
mCRPC Patients 
STUDY NUMBER: 
PC18-1005 
STUDY DRUG(S): 
Radium-223, Darolutamide, Enzalutamide 
SPONSOR/CRO: 
MANA RBM 
1401 Wewatta St. Unit 813 
Denver, CO 80202 
pmanasco@manarbm.com  
INVESTIGATORS: 
Neal D. Shore, MD, FACS  
Lead-Principal Investigator 
Carolina Urologic Research Center 
823 82nd Parkway 
Suite B 
Myrtle Beach, SC 29579 
1-843-455-1220
NShore@gsuro.com
A Oliver Sartor, MD 
Co-Principal Investigator 
Tulane University 
1415 Tulane Ave. 
New Orleans, LA 70112 
1-504-988-7869
osartor@tulane.edu  
VERSION 
DATE FINAL: 
1.2 
04 MAY 2020 
NCT04237584


 
                                                                                                
 
The CUSP Group, LLC 
A Uro-Oncology Trial Management Organization 
Confidential 
STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
         PC18-1005 
Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 2 of 102 
 
ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide with Radium-223 vs Enzalutamide or Darolutamide with 
Placebo and the Effect upon Symptomatic Skeletal Event-Free Survival for 
mCRPC Patients 
 
 This clinical study shall be conducted in compliance with the protocol, as referenced herein, 
and all applicable local, national, and international regulatory requirements to include, but not 
be limited to: 
• 
International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Guidelines on Good Clinical 
Practice (GCP) 
• 
Ethical principles that have their origins in the Declaration of Helsinki  
• 
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Code of Federal Regulation (CFR): 
o 
Title 21CFR Part 50 & 45 CFR Part 46, Protection of Human Subjects 
o 
Title 21CFR Part 54, Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators 
o 
Title 21CFR Part 56, Institutional Review Boards 
o 
Title 21CFR Part 312, Investigational New Drug Application 
o 
Title 45 CFR Parts 160, 162, and 164, Health Insurance Portability and 
Accountability Act (HIPAA)  
 
As the Study Lead-Principal, Study Co-Principal and/or Site Principal Investigator, I 
understand that my signature on the protocol constitutes my agreement and understanding of 
my responsibilities to conduct the clinical study in accordance with the protocol and applicable 
regulations.  Furthermore, it constitutes my understanding and agreement that any changes 
initiated by myself, without prior agreement in writing from the Sponsor, shall be defined as a 
deviation from the protocol, and shall be formally documented as such. 
 


 
                                                                           
      
The CUSP Group, LLC 
A Uro-Oncology Trial Management Organization 
Confidential 
STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
         PC18-1005 
Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 3 of 102 
 
ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide with Radium-223 vs Enzalutamide or Darolutamide with 
Placebo and the Effect upon Symptomatic Skeletal Event-Free Survival for 
mCRPC Patients 
 
STUDY NUMBER: 
PC18-1005 
STUDY DRUG: 
Radium-223, Darolutamide, Enzalutamide 
VERSION 
DATE FINAL: 
1.2 
04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
 
Neal D. Shore, MD 
 
 
________________________________ 
______________________________________ 
________________ 
Study Lead-Principal Investigator 
Study Lead-Principal Investigator 
Date 
Neal D. Shore, MD, FACS  
Signature 
 
Carolina Urologic Research Center 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A. Oliver Sartor, MD 
 
 
________________________________ 
______________________________________ 
________________ 
Study Co-Principal Investigator 
A. Oliver Sartor, MD 
Tulane University 
Study Co-Principal Investigator 
Signature 
Date 
 
 
 
Penelope Manasco, MD 
 
 
________________________________ 
______________________________________ 
________________ 
Sponsor Representative 
Penelope Manasco, MD 
MANA RBM 
 
Sponsor Representative 
Signature 
Date 
Thomas Paivanas, MHSA 
 
 
________________________________ 
______________________________________ 
________________ 
Trials Management Organization 
Trials Management Organization 
Date 
Thomas Paivanas, MHSA 
The CUSP Group, LLC/ CUSP Clinical 
Research Consortium 
Signature 
 
 
 
 
05-05-2020
05-05-2020
05-05-2020
05-05-2020


                                                                                    
 
The CUSP Group, LLC 
A Uro-Oncology Trial Management Organization 
Confidential 
STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
         PC18-1005 
Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 4 of 102 
 
 
 
ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide with Radium-223 vs Enzalutamide or Darolutamide with 
Placebo and the Effect upon Symptomatic Skeletal Event-Free Survival for 
mCRPC Patients 
 
 
 
STUDY NUMBER: 
 
PC18-1005 
VERSION 
 
DATE FINAL: 
1.2 
 
04 MAY 2020  
 
 
 
By signing this protocol acceptance page, I confirm I have read, understand, and agree to conduct the 
study in accordance with the current protocol. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
___________________________            _______________________________     _________________  
Site Principal Investigator Name 
(Please Print) 
 
Site Principal Investigator Signature 
 
Date 
 


 
Confidential 
STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
         PC18-1005 
Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 5 of 102 
 
Protocol Amendment Changes 
 
Protocol 
Version 
Changes Made 
Sections Affected 
1.1 
Redundant Schedule of 
Assessments removed 
Section 8.2: Schedule of 
Assessments removed. 
1.1 
Addition of footnotes ab and ac. 
Appendix C  
1.1 
Added PCWG3 expectations for 
Screening and RECIST/PCWG3 
expectations for Pre-R2 visit. 
Sections 10.2 and 10.4 
 
1.1 
 
Revised Inclusion #13 
Inc/Exc: pages 13 and 34. 
 
 
1.1 
Moved Abbrev. PE from 
Q12Week imaging to Cycle 4, 
Day 1 only. 
Schedule of Assessments 
Appendix C. Sections 10.5 and 
10.6. 
 
1.2 
Added estimated creatinine 
clearance >/= 30 mL/min by 
Cockroft-Gault calculation to 
inclusion 9. 
Synopsis and 3.1 Inclusion 
Criteria 
1.2 
Added specific details from full 
prescribing information for 
(Xofigo, Xtandi, and Nubeqa) 
regarding allowed dose 
modifications and special 
precautions. 
Section 9- Dose Modifications 
1.2 
Added language to allow remote 
and telemedicine visits: “Visits 
may be split over multiple days if 
needed and may be conducted via 
remote visits (non-clinic) or via 
telemedicine visits as needed to 
facilitate visit completion and 
infection control (e.g. limit 
COVID-19 exposure).” 
Section 10.1 


 
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STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 6 of 102 
 
1.2 
Removed TUG at screening. It is 
only needed at Lead-in RT1 Day 
1 (prior to RT1 first dose). 
Section 10.2 
1.2 
Updated Enza compliance to: 
“Enzalutamide or Darolutamide 
Estimated Compliance (RT1 
Days 28, 56, and 84 only)” 
Section 10.3 
1.2 
Updated Enza compliance to: 
“Enzalutamide or Darolutamide 
Estimated Compliance” 
Section 10.4 
1.2 
Updated Enza compliance to: 
“Enzalutamide or Darolutamide 
Estimated Compliance” 
Section 10.5 
1.2 
Updated Enza compliance to: 
“Enzalutamide or Darolutamide 
Estimated Compliance” 
Section 10.8 
1.2 
Updated Enza compliance to: 
“Enzalutamide or Darolutamide 
Estimated Compliance” 
Section 10.9 
1.2 
Added sentence providing more 
detail on safety interim analysis   
Section 13.6.1 
 
 
 


 
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STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
         PC18-1005 
Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 7 of 102 
 
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS 
Title of Study: 
ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide with Radium-223 vs Enzalutamide or Darolutamide with 
Placebo and the Effect upon Symptomatic Skeletal Event-Free Survival for 
mCRPC Patients 
Study Number: 
PC18-1005 
Sponsor: 
MANA RBM 
Study 
Duration: 
The total duration of the study is 50 months: 18 months 
recruitment, 30 months follow-up, and a 2 month close-
out period. 
Phase of Study:  III 
Study Centers: 
This study will be conducted at approximately 20 sites 
Number of 
Patients: 
Approximately 499 patients are planned to be randomized 1:1 to open-label 
enzalutamide or darolutamide (Randomization #1 [R1]; Randomized Treatment #1, 
[RT1]) and approximately 414 of these patients will be subsequently randomized 
1:1 to double-blind radium-223 or placebo (Randomization #2 [R2]; Randomized 
Treatment #2, [RT2]) while continuing enzalutamide or darolutamide androgen 
receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. 
Objectives: 
Primary Objective 
The primary objective of this study is to: 
• To compare the symptomatic skeletal event-free survival (SSE-FS) of 
patients on radium-223 vs. placebo while taking randomized ARB 
therapy. 
 
Secondary Objectives 
The secondary objectives of this study are to: 
• Assess overall survival (OS) 
• Assess time to chemotherapy initiation after RT2 Cycle 1, Day 1 
(C1D1) 
• Assess radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) after RT2 C1D1 
• Determine the safety profile of androgen receptor blocker (ARB) 
therapy with or without radium-223 
• Assess occurrence of AESI: bone fractures (pathologic and non-
pathologic) 
 
Exploratory Objectives 
The exploratory objectives of this study are to: 
• Compare the safety and cognitive function of enzalutamide and 
darolutamide from RT1 randomization through 12 weeks of enzalutamide 
or darolutamide (prior to RT2)  


 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
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• Determine skeletal progression using PCWG3 criteria for progression based 
upon 99Tc bone scan imaging after RT2 randomization 
• Determine the time to PSA progression following RT2 randomization 
• Determine the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) response rate every 12 
weeks following RT2 randomization 
• Assess time to total ALP progression  
• Assess time to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) progression  
• Assess further correlative biomarkers in the patient population 
• Assess frequency of the following adverse events that are listed as warnings 
for the study drugs (cardiovascular, seizures, falls, weakness, cognitive 
function)   
 
Study Schema: 
  
 


 
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STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
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Randomization 
to Treatments 
   
 
 
 
 
Study Design: 
This is a randomized, multi-center, Phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled 
study in patients with mCRPC. 
 
Screening 
Patients will be screened -42 to -2 days prior to starting RT1 treatment with an 
androgen receptor blocker (ARB).   
 
R1  
Following successful screening for first randomization (i.e., R1 I/E are met), 
patients will be randomized (R1) 1:1 to open-label randomized treatment 1 (RT1) 
with one of ARB’s: enzalutamide or darolutamide. Patients may not switch RT1 
ARB treatment during the study. 
 
RT1: Day 1, Day 28, Day 56 and Day 84 
Ensure patient is taking bone health agent (BHA) at or before first RT1 dose and 
continues on BHA throughout RT1 and RT2 treatment periods. Patients must 
receive at least 12 weeks of RT1 prior to Pre-R2 visit and before starting 
randomized, double-blinded Ra-223 or placebo (RT2). Patients will have serial 
PSAs performed at least every 4 weeks during the first 12 weeks of RT1 therapy. 
 
 
 


 
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STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
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Pre-R2 
Pre-R2 baseline assessments will be done after 12-16 weeks of RT1 have been 
completed and no less than 14 days prior to RT2 (C1D1) to review safety 
parameters and establish baseline values prior to C1D1. Imaging assessments (CT, 
MRI, Bone Scan) should only be done for patients that have a documented ≥ 
30% PSA decline at any time during the first 12 weeks of RT1.  
 
Subjects must meet additional inclusion criteria 12-15 in order to be qualified for 
the second randomization (R2). Only subjects that complete the initial 12 weeks of 
run-in RT1 should be evaluated for the additional inclusion criteria. Prior inclusion 
criteria 1-11 do not need to be re-evaluated.  All subjects that complete the lead-in 
RT1 treatment should perform the second series of Cognitive function testing, 
even if they do not qualify for R2, prior to discontinuation. 
 
R2 
If the all (R2) randomization conditions are all met, subjects will be eligible for 
(R2) randomization and should start the 1st cycle of (RT2) Ra-223 or placebo 
(C1D1) within 14 days following the pre-R2 safety laboratory blood draw.  
 
Patients eligible for RT2 will be centrally randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 
either radium-223 dichloride or placebo (saline) administered IV on Day 1 of each 
cycle for 6, 28-day cycles, and will continue with their open-label, randomized 
ARB and BHA throughout the RT2 treatment period. The placebo will be 
administered in precisely the same fashion as the active drug.  
 
RT2, up to 6 cycles: 
Randomized, Double-Blind Ra-223 or Placebo Cycles 1-6: q 28 days  
First RT2 cycle (C1D1) must occur within 14 days after the pre-R2 safety 
laboratory blood draw. Ideally, subsequent RT2 cycles 2-6 should be scheduled 
to occur every 28 days +/- 7 days following the previous cycle, but dosing may 
be delayed up to 4 weeks per cycle (maximum 8 weeks between cycles). Patients 
will continue with their open-label, randomized ARB irrespective of Ra-
223/placebo delays. Subjects should continue on BHA throughout the RT2 
treatment period. 
 
Safety laboratory assessments must be completed within 14 days of each cycle 
and results assessed for safety to proceed with next cycle before administration. 
 
 
 
 


 
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STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 11 of 102 
 
Q12-Week RT2 Imaging 
After the first administration of RT2 at C1D1, patients will be assessed 
radiologically by CT or MRI and bone scan every 12 weeks, until either: 
 
1) radiological progression defined as soft tissue progression per RECIST 1.1 or 
bone progression per PCWG3 or  
 
2) a prohibited treatment has begun.  
 
The 12-week visits start 12 weeks +/- 7 days after RT2 Cycle 1, Day 1 and must 
remain on this schedule independent of other study visits. The same imaging 
modality should be used for all assessments (CT or MRI).  The RECIST and 
PCWG3 tumor assessments should be completed by the same trained rater 
throughout the study.  
 
Telephone End of Study Drug(s) 
Telephone End of Study Drug Visits are required 30 days +/- 7 days after last dose 
of study drug(s) (Ra-223/Placebo, Enzalutamide, and Darolutamide) are 
administered or at the last clinic visit if patient declines further participation.  
 
Q12-Week Progression Follow-up 
After RT2 cycles are either stopped or (6) cycles completed, patients without 
radiological progression that have not started a prohibited treatment will continue 
to have clinic visits every 12 weeks (continuing with the same schedule based on 
C1D1). Enzalutamide or Darolutamide may continue during the Q12-Week 
Progression Follow-up period. PSA progression alone is not considered progression 
in this protocol [Scher et al. 2016]. Clinical progression will be assessed by the site 
investigator on any scheduled or unscheduled visit.  
 
Overall Survival 
Patients that demonstrate radiological progression or start a prohibited treatment 
will be followed for SSE’s, AESIs, and overall survival.  Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide may continue during the Overall Survival period. Patients in this 
phase of the study will be evaluated every 6 months +/- 1 month after the last Q12-
Week Visit is performed until death or the end of the study. Patients may be 
contacted during outpatient visits or by telephone and/or chart review. 
 
End of Study: 
When patients permanently discontinue the study due to any reason (screen failure, 
lost to follow-up, withdrawn consent, etc.), an End of Study visit will be done to 
capture the reason for screen failure, reason for permanent discontinuation, study 
disposition, and to assess AEs. 


 
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STUDY DRUG:  RADIUM-223 
  
 
 
 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
         VERSION 1.2 
Page 12 of 102 
 
Study Drugs, 
Doses, and 
Modes of 
Administration: 
Randomized Treatment #1, RT1 
Ensure patient is taking a bone health agent (BHA) at the time of starting RT1.   
Patients eligible to receive RT1 will be randomized (R1) in a 1:1 ratio to receive 
open-label enzalutamide (160 mg PO QD) [available commercially through 
prescription] or darolutamide (600 mg PO BID) [provided through the study] for 
mCRPC. Dose reductions of RT1 will be allowed per protocol (see dose-reduction 
guidelines).  Once receiving RT1, subjects should continue RT1 on study until 
toxicity, or other reason listed in section 3.4.  
 
Patients who do not have a ≥ 30% PSA decline at any time during the RT1 period 
will not be randomized to RT2 and will be discontinued from the study.  Patients 
must receive RT1 at least 12 weeks and meet all R2 conditions to proceed to the 
second double-blind randomized treatment phase. 
 
Randomized Treatment #2, RT2 
Patients eligible to receive RT2 will be randomized (R2) in a 1:1 ratio to receive 
double-blind RT2 (radium-223 or placebo) that will be administered IV on Day 1 
of each cycle for 6, 28-day cycles). RT2 active and placebo treatments will be 
administered in precisely the same fashion on Day 1 of each cycle for 6, 28-day 
cycles. Patients will continue with their open-label, randomized ARB and bone 
health agent. 
 
Randomized (Ra-223 or Placebo) will be blinded to patient and study staff 
/investigators who perform any study related procedures/tasks. Designated trained, 
unblinded individual or individuals will prepare and administer radium-223 at 55 
kBq/kg IV or placebo via intravenous infusion on Day 1 of a 28-day cycle for a 
total of 6 cycles. No dose reductions will be allowed, but treatment can be held for 
up to 4 weeks.  If the hold is the result of a treatment-related AE and lasts for >4 
weeks, then treatment will be permanently discontinued. No less than 3 weeks and 
no more than 8 weeks is allowed between doses. Patients will be evaluated for 
toxicity within 14 days prior to each cycle. Radiological assessments will be 
performed every 12 weeks following Cycle 1 Day 1, as defined in Appendix C, 
page 94. Patients will continue on RT2 for up to 6 cycles or until patient has a 
reason for discontinuation as listed in Section 3.5 of the protocol. 
 
Upon radiographic progression, further treatments are decided by the site 
investigator according to standard local practice. Radium-223 or placebo may 
continue at the discretion of the site investigator (if the maximum of 6 doses have 
not been reached) if they believe it to be in the patient’s best interest. If patient 
continues on Ra-223 or placebo after radiological progression, the Q12 Week 
Imaging visits will not be done, and the patient will move into Overall Survival 
phase after all Ra-223 or Placebo cycles are completed. Enzalutamide or 


 
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darolutamide may be continued after progression if the treating investigator 
considers that the patient is still receiving benefit.   
 
PSA progression alone is not considered progression in this protocol [Scher et al. 201
Clinical progression will be assessed by the site investigator on any scheduled or 
unscheduled visit. 
 
 
Inclusion 
Criteria:  
Patients must meet all of the following inclusion criteria in order to be qualified for 
the first randomization (R1) to Open-label Enzalutamide or Darolutamide (Lead-in 
Phase): 
 
1. Able and willing to provide informed consent. 
2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate 
adenocarcinoma. 
3. Men ≥ 18 years. 
4. ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 at screening. 
5. Metastatic to bone with ≥ 2 bone metastases (area of increased 
uptake on 99mTc bone scan); equivocal lesions on the bone scan must 
be confirmed by standard X-ray, CT, or MRI. 
6. Patients must have progressive metastatic castration-resistant 
prostate cancer (mCRPC) at screening and on androgen deprivation 
therapy (ADT) as evidenced by either: 
a. For patients who manifest disease progression solely as a 
rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level - documentation 
of a sequence of two rising PSA values at a minimum of 1-
week apart with the Screening value ≥1 ng/ml (see Appendix 
D); 
b.For patients with disease progression manifested in the bone, 
irrespective of progression by rising PSA – defined by the 
appearance of 2 or more new skeletal lesions demonstrated 
by 99Tc bone imaging. Ambiguous results should be 
confirmed by other imaging modalities than bone scan and x-
ray (e.g.: CT-scan or MRI). 
c. For patients with disease progression manifested at nodal 
sites, irrespective of progression by rising PSA - progression 
defined per RECIST 1.1. 
7. Ongoing ADT with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) 
agonist or antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy. 
8. Use of bone health agents (denosumab or zoledronic acid or other 
bisphosphonates) starting any time prior to R1 unless 
contraindicated or considered not in the best interest of the patient. A 
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agents cannot be used. Bone health agents should be continued 
throughout both RT1 and RT2 treatment periods. 
 
9. Adequate bone marrow and organ function as defined by: 
a. Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL 
b. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L 
c. Platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L 
d. Serum creatinine ≤ 1.95 mg/dL 
e. Estimated creatinine clearance >/= 30 mL/min/1.73m2  by 
Cockroft-Gault calculation  
f. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 175 U/L 
g. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 100 U/L 
h. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.8 mg/dL (unless the patient a diagnosis 
of  Gilbert’s disease or a similar syndrome involving slow 
conjugation of bilirubin; in patients with Gilbert’s, the total 
bilirubin should be less than 6 mg/dL if patient has Gilbert’s 
and the elevation should be seen in the unconjugated or 
indirect bilirubin measurement) 
i. LDH ≤ 224 U/L at screening. 
j. Albumin ≥ 2.5 g/dL 
10. Fertile male patients, defined as all males physiologically capable of 
conceiving offspring with female partners of child-bearing potential, 
must be willing to use condoms plus spermicidal agent during the 
study treatment period and for 6 months after the last dose of study 
drug, and not father a child or donate sperm during this period. 
11. The treating site investigator deems RT1 (Enzalutamide or 
Darolutamide) treatment safe and feasible. 
 
Subjects must meet the remaining inclusion criteria in order to be qualified for the 
second randomization (R2). Only subjects that complete the initial 12 weeks of run-
in RT1 should be evaluated. Prior inclusion criteria do not need to be re-evaluated:  
 
12. Patients must have a documented ≥ 30% decline of PSA at any time 
during the 12 weeks of RT1. 
13. Patients must have no evidence of visceral metastatic disease at the 
time of RT2 randomization. 
14. Ongoing treatment with RT1 and bone health agents at time of RT2 
randomization. 
15. The treating site investigator deems RT2 (Ra-223 dichloride) 
treatment safe and feasible. 
 
 
Exclusion 
Criteria: 
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry: 
1. Pathological finding consistent with small cell carcinoma of the prostate. 


 
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2. Prior chemotherapy for CRPC.  Prior docetaxel for hormone-sensitive 
disease is permitted under the following conditions: started within 3 months 
of ADT initiation, given for a maximum of 6 cycles and progression 
occurred > 6 months after the last dose of docetaxel.  
3. Prior treatment for mCRPC or CRPC. However, the following therapies are 
permitted and not exclusionary: Sipuleucel-T, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, 
estrogens, or older antiandrogens (such as flutamide, bicalutamide, or 
nilutamide). 
4. Prior treatment for more than 2 months with CYP17 inhibitors (e.g. 
abiraterone or orteronel). 
5. Prior treatment for more than 2 months with agents inhibiting androgen 
receptor signaling (e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide). 
6. Prior hemibody or whole-body external radiotherapy.  Other types of prior 
external radiotherapy and brachytherapies are allowed. 
7. Prior therapy with radionuclides (e.g., radium-223, strontium-89, samarium-
153, rhenium-186, rhenium-188, actinium-225 and lutetium-177). 
8. Current involvement in any drug or device trial involving investigational 
agent or medical device within the last 28 days prior to R1.   
9. In general, any prior investigational agent for nmCRPC/mCRPC; however, 
may be reviewed by medical monitor/PIs for waiver consideration, on a 
case-by-case basis.  
10. Hypersensitivity to compounds related to enzalutamide, darolutamide, or 
Ra-223. 
11. A blood transfusion ≤ 28 days prior to R1. 
12. Major surgical procedures ≤ 28 days or minor surgical procedures ≤7 days 
prior to R1.  No waiting period is required following port-a-cath placement. 
13. Patients with visceral metastases, clinical evidence of central nervous 
system metastases, or leptomeningeal tumor spread as demonstrated via 
CT/MRI of chest, abdomen, pelvis, and CNS (if needed). CT/MRI of the 
CNS only performed if suspicion of CNS metastases or leptomeningeal 
tumor spread. Nodules < 1 cm alone will not be considered visceral 
metastases. Renal masses < 3 cm will not be considered exclusionary. 
14. Serious active infection at the time of screening or another serious 
underlying medical condition that would impair the ability of the patient to 
receive protocol treatment. 
15. Presence of other active cancers, or history of treatment for invasive cancer 
≤2 years of R1.  Patients with Stage I/II cancer who have received definitive 
local treatment and are considered unlikely to recur are eligible.  All 
patients with previously treated in situ carcinoma (i.e., non-invasive) and 
superficial bladder cancer are eligible, as are patients with history of non-
melanoma skin cancer. 
16. Any other serious or unstable illness, or medical, social, or psychological 
condition, that could jeopardize the safety of the subject and/or his/her 


 
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compliance with study procedures, or may interfere with the subject’s 
participation in the study or evaluation of the study results.” 
Correlative 
Testing: 
Optional blood samples (i.e., plasma and serum samples) will be collected from 
patients that provide consent.   
Samples will be collected at 3 timepoints:  
• Pre-RT1: Prior to  enzalutamide or darolutamide dosing 
• Pre-R2: After 12-week Lead-in enzalutamide or darolutamide, and 
• Following confirmed radiographic progression or prior to initiation of a 
prohibited anti-cancer treatment, whichever occurs earlier 
Blood samples will be sent to a central biorepository. Samples may also be 
analyzed for exploratory biomarkers to evaluate predictive biomarkers and to assess 
correlation with disease activity, effects of study drug, and clinical outcomes.   
Cognitive  
Testing and 
Patient 
Reported 
Outcomes 
Cognitive Function testing (CANTAB battery of Cognitive Function Tests)  and 
patient reported outcomes (FACT-P and FACT-Cog) will be done to determine 
changes that may occur during the study in relation to exposure to different 
treatments. Data collection will be done electronically at the following timepoints:  
• Screening (practice) 
• Lead-in RT1,  
• Pre-R2  
 
Statistical 
Methodology: 
The following stratification variables will be used in the RT2 randomization 
process: 
• PSA response (≥90% vs < 90% decline at any time from initiation of RT1) 
• ECOG Score 1 or 0 at Pre RT2 visit 
• Prior docetaxel use (yes vs no) 
The primary endpoint of this 1:1 randomized Phase III study is SSE-FS with the 
following assumptions:  
• The ERA-223 study (published data) suggests that the median SSE-FS rate 
for the placebo control arm is 24 months, as per the Bayer adjustment of -4 
months. 
• HR = 0.70 
• Median SSE-FS for enzalutamide of 34.3 months (under the exponential 
assumption).  
• Two-sided alpha = 0.05  
• Power = 0.80 
• Cumulative drop-out rate by the end of the study = 10%   
 
 
 
 


 
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We anticipate:  
Power  
Recruitment 
Period 
(months)  
Follow-up 
Period 
(months)  
Expected 
Number of 
Events  
Total Number 
of Patients 
Randomized 
at R2 
80%  
18  
32  
 246 
 414 
 
No interim analysis for efficacy or futility is being planned.  Fifty nine percent of 
randomized patients are expected to contribute with an event. 
Descriptive statistics, including mean, median, standard deviations and ranges for 
all continuous measures will be tabulated and reported.  Percentages and 
frequencies for all categorical measures will also be presented.  Time-to-events 
endpoints will be reported using Kaplan-Meier estimates, with 95% CI for median 
time-to-event. 
 
 


 
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PC18-1005 CONTACT INFORMATION 
Sponsor/CRO 
MANA RBM 
Contact Information: 
MANA RBM 
1401 Wewatta St. Unit 813 
Denver, CO 80202 
919-556-9456 
support@manarbm.com 
 
Study Principal Investigators: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trial Management Organization 
CUSP Group/CUSP Clinical Research 
Consortium 
Neal D. Shore, MD, FACS  
Study Lead-Principal Investigator 
Carolina Urologic Research Center 
823 82nd Parkway 
Suite B 
Myrtle Beach, SC 29579 
843-455-1220 
NShore@gsuro.com  
 
A. Oliver Sartor, MD co principal investigator 
Study Co-Principal Investigator 
Tulane University 
1415 Tulane Ave. 
New Orleans, LA 70112 
504-988-7869 
osartor@tulane.edu   
 
 
Thomas Paivanas, MHSA 
4440 Sleaford Rd 
Annandale VA 22003 
703-764-4984 
Tom@cuspgroup.net 
 
 


 
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
ADT 
Androgen deprivation therapy 
AE 
AESI 
Adverse event 
Adverse Event of Special Interest 
ALP 
Alkaline phosphatase 
ALT 
Alanine aminotransferase 
ANC 
Absolute neutrophil count 
ARB 
AST 
BCT 
BHA 
Androgen Receptor Blocker 
Aspartate aminotransferase 
Blood Collection Tube 
Bone Health Agents 
BP 
Blood pressure 
Bq 
Becquerel 
BUN 
C1D1 
Blood urea nitrogen 
Cycle 1, Day 1 of Ra-223 or Placebo 
CBC 
Complete blood count 
CBR 
Clinical benefit rate 
CFR 
Code of Federal Regulations 
CI 
Confidence interval 
CMP 
Comprehensive metabolic profile 
CO2 
Carbon dioxide 
CR 
Complete response 
CT 
CTC 
ctDNA 
DNA 
ENZA 
Computed tomography 
Circulating Tumor Cells 
Circulating Tumor DNA 
Deoxyribonucleic Acid 
Enzalutamide 
EBRT 
External beam radiotherapy 
ECOG  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group  
eCRF 
eICF 
eISF 
eTMF 
Electronic case report form 
Electronic informed consent form 
Electronic investigator site file 
Electronic trial master file 
FDA 
Food and Drug Administration 
GCP 
Good Clinical Practice 
GMP 
Good Manufacturing Practice 
HIPAA 
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 
HR 
Hazard ratio 
HSPC 
Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer 
IB 
Investigator’s Brochure 
ICF 
Informed consent form 
ICH 
IDMC 
International Conference on Harmonization 
Independent Data Monitoring Committee 


 
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
IRB 
IV 
LDH 
LHRH 
mCRPC 
MRI 
Investigational review board 
Intravenous 
Lactate dehydrogenate 
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone 
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer 
Magnetic resonance imaging 
NCI CTCAE 
National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 
NE 
Not evaluable 
ORR 
Objective response rate 
OS 
Overall survival 
PCWG 
Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 
 
PD 
Progressive disease 
PS 
Performance Status 
PHI 
Protected health information 
PR 
Partial response 
PSA 
Prostate-specific antigen 
RECIST 1.1 
RNA 
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 
Ribonucleic Acid 
rPFS 
R1 
Radiographic progression-free survival 
First Randomization- 1:1, Open-Label 
RT1 
R2 
Randomized Treatment #1 (Open-Label Darolutamide or Enzalutamide) 
Second Randomization- 1:1, Double-Blind 
RT2 
Randomized Treatment #2 (Double-Blind Ra-223 or Placebo) 
SAE 
Serious adverse event 
SAR 
Suspected adverse reaction 
SD 
Stable disease 
SSE 
Symptomatic skeletal event 
SSE-FS 
Symptomatic skeletal event free survival 
SUSAR 
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction 
UAE 
Unexpected adverse event 
UCP 
Unequivocal clinical progression 
ULN 
Upper limit of normal 
USPI 
US package insert 
WBC 
White blood cell 
 


 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 
1. 
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 25 
1.1 
Background ............................................................................................................ 25 
 
Clinical Studies with radium-223 .......................................................................... 26 
 
Clinical Safety Summary ....................................................................................... 27 
1.2 
Radium-223 in combination with other therapies .................................................. 29 
1.3 
The response of bone metastases to enzalutamide ................................................. 30 
1.4 
Rationale for the Study .......................................................................................... 30 
2. 
STUDY OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................... 31 
2.1 
Primary Objective .................................................................................................. 31 
2.2 
Secondary Objectives ............................................................................................. 31 
2.3 
Exploratory Objectives .......................................................................................... 32 
2.4 
Endpoints ............................................................................................................... 32 
 
Primary Endpoint ................................................................................................... 32 
 
Secondary Endpoints ............................................................................................. 33 
 
Exploratory Endpoints ........................................................................................... 33 
3. 
STUDY PATIENT POPULATION AND DISCONTINUATION ....................... 34 
3.1 
Inclusion Criteria ................................................................................................... 34 
3.2 
Exclusion Criteria .................................................................................................. 36 
3.3 
Discontinuation from Randomized Treatments ..................................................... 37 
3.4 
Required Discontinuation from Randomized (RT1) Treatment (Darolutamide 
or Enzalutamide) .................................................................................................... 37 
3.5 
Required Discontinuation from Randomized (RT2) Treatment (Ra-233 or 
Placebo) .................................................................................................................. 37 
3.6 
Q12-Week Progression Follow-up ........................................................................ 38 
3.7 
Overall Survival Phase ........................................................................................... 38 
4. 
CORRELATIVE TESTING .................................................................................. 39 
 
Planned Use for Biorepository Samples ................................................................ 39 
 
Biorepository Sample Collection Times ................................................................ 39 
 
Biorepository Sample Collection Information ....................................................... 39 
5. 
COGNITIVE TESTING AND EPRO ................................................................... 39 
6. 
STUDY REGISTRATION .................................................................................... 40 
7. 
STUDY DESIGN ................................................................................................... 40 
8. 
STUDY MEDICATIONS ...................................................................................... 44 


 
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8.1 
Randomized Treatment #1, RT1 ............................................................................ 44 
8.2 
Randomized Treatment #2, RT2 ............................................................................ 45 
8.3 
Blinding and Unblinding the Study ....................................................................... 45 
 
Treatment Assignment Unblinding for Blinded Studies ........................................ 45 
8.4 
Concomitant Medications ...................................................................................... 46 
 
Required Concomitant Medications ...................................................................... 46 
 
Permitted Concomitant Medications and Treatments ............................................ 47 
 
Prohibited Concomitant Medications .................................................................... 47 
 
Cautionary Medications ......................................................................................... 48 
9. 
DOSE MODIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 48 
9.1 
Dose and schedule modifications ........................................................................... 48 
 
Ra-223 .................................................................................................................... 48 
 
Enzalutamide .......................................................................................................... 50 
 
Darolutamide .......................................................................................................... 50 
10. 
STUDY ASSESSMENTS AND EVALUATIONS ............................................... 50 
10.1 
Overview ................................................................................................................ 50 
10.2 
Screening ................................................................................................................ 50 
10.3 
Lead-In RT1 (enzalutamide or darolutamide) Therapy Phase (12 weeks 
duration) ................................................................................................................. 52 
10.4 
Pre-R2 Assessments, at 12-16 weeks after RT1 initiation, within 14 days 
prior to RT2 randomization. .................................................................................. 52 
10.5 
Ra-223 or Placebo Administration Cycles 1-6 (every 4 weeks) ............................ 53 
10.6 
12-Week Imaging Visits ........................................................................................ 54 
10.7 
Telephone End of Study Drug Visit ....................................................................... 54 
10.8 
Q12 Week Progression Follow-up Visits .............................................................. 54 
10.9 
Overall Survival ..................................................................................................... 55 
10.10 
End of Study Administrative Assessments ............................................................ 56 
10.11 
Lost to Follow-up ................................................................................................... 56 
11. 
DRUG FORMULATION, AVAILABILITY, ADMINISTRATION, AND 
TOXICITY INFORMATION ................................................................................ 56 
11.1 
Radium-223 ............................................................................................................ 56 
 
Labelling, Packaging, and Supply ......................................................................... 57 
 
General warning ..................................................................................................... 57 
 
Radiation protection ............................................................................................... 57 
 
Preparation and Administration of Radium-223 .................................................... 58 
 
Precautions and Risks Associated with radium-223 .............................................. 59 


 
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11.2 
Enzalutamide .......................................................................................................... 59 
 
Labelling, Packaging, and Supply ......................................................................... 60 
11.3 
Darolutamide .......................................................................................................... 60 
 
Labelling, Packaging, and Supply ......................................................................... 60 
11.4 
Accountability for All Study Drugs ....................................................................... 60 
12. 
RESPONSE EVALUATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS ................................... 61 
13. 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................... 61 
13.1 
Statistical Design ................................................................................................... 61 
13.2 
Stratification factors ............................................................................................... 61 
13.3 
Sample Size Considerations ................................................................................... 61 
13.4 
Analysis Population ............................................................................................... 62 
13.5 
Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 62 
 
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics .......................................................... 62 
 
Efficacy Analysis ................................................................................................... 63 
 
Safety Analysis ...................................................................................................... 63 
13.6 
Analysis Time Points ............................................................................................. 64 
 
Planned Interim Analyses ...................................................................................... 64 
 
Final Analysis ........................................................................................................ 64 
13.7 
Primary Completion Date ...................................................................................... 64 
13.8 
Independent Data Monitoring Committee ............................................................. 64 
13.9 
Steering Committee ............................................................................................... 64 
14. 
SAFETY REPORTING AND ANALYSES ......................................................... 64 
14.1 
Definitions .............................................................................................................. 65 
 
Adverse Events ...................................................................................................... 65 
 
Adverse Events of Special Interest ........................................................................ 65 
 
Serious Adverse Event ........................................................................................... 66 
 
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSAR) ............................... 66 
14.2 
Recording and Reporting of Adverse Events ......................................................... 66 
 
Recording of Adverse Events ................................................................................ 66 
 
Reporting Period for Adverse Events .................................................................... 67 
 
Assessment of Adverse Events .............................................................................. 68 
14.3 
Recording and Reporting of Adverse Events of Special Interest .......................... 68 
14.4 
Recording of Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events .................................. 68 
 
Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms .................................................................. 68 
 
Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events ................................................................. 69 
 
Abnormal Laboratory Values ................................................................................ 69 
 
Deaths .................................................................................................................... 69 


 
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Hospitalization, Prolonged Hospitalization, or Surgery ........................................ 70 
 
Pre-Existing Medical Conditions ........................................................................... 70 
 
New Cancers .......................................................................................................... 70 
 
Radium-223 Overdose ........................................................................................... 71 
14.5 
Sponsor Serious Adverse Event Reporting Requirements ..................................... 71 
 
Sponsor Assessment of Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions ......... 71 
 
Sponsor Reporting for Clinical Studies Under an Investigational New Drug 
Application ............................................................................................................. 72 
15. 
ETHICAL, FINANCIAL, AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ............ 72 
15.1 
Institutional Review Board Approval .................................................................... 72 
15.2 
Regulatory Approval .............................................................................................. 72 
15.3 
Informed Consent ................................................................................................... 72 
15.4 
Patient Confidentiality ........................................................................................... 73 
15.5 
Site Investigator and Staff Information .................................................................. 74 
15.6 
Financial Information ............................................................................................. 74 
16. 
RESEARCH RETENTION AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE STUDY ........ 74 
16.1 
Amendments to the Protocol .................................................................................. 74 
16.2 
Documentation Required to Initiate the Study ....................................................... 75 
16.3 
Study Documentation and Storage ......................................................................... 75 
16.4 
Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 77 
16.5 
Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting ......................................................... 77 
16.6 
Quality Assurance and Quality Control ................................................................. 77 
16.7 
Disclosure and Publication Policy ......................................................................... 78 
17. 
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 79 
18. 
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................... 82 
 
LIST OF APPENDICES 
Appendix A: 
ECOG Performance Status Criteria .......................................................... 82 
Appendix B: 
Guidelines for Fertile Male Patients ......................................................... 90 
Appendix C: 
Schedule of Assessments .......................................................................... 91 
Appendix D: 
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1 
and PCWG3 Bone Progression ................................................................ 96 
Appendix  E:         Remote Risk Based Monitoring and Trial Method (MANA Method)…101 
 


 
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1. 
INTRODUCTION 
1.1 
Background 
Prostate cancer is responsible for the deaths of over 300,000 men annually world-wide [Ferlay et 
al. 2015]. Recurrent and advanced stages of the disease are initially treated with suppression of 
testosterone production through either orchiectomy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). 
Despite low levels of circulating testosterone, the disease progresses and is termed castration-
resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The majority of CRPC patients have or will develop metastatic 
disease (mCRPC). Many patients with metastatic disease will experience clinically relevant 
events related to bone metastases, including pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord 
compression. Since the regulatory approval of docetaxel chemotherapy in 2004 [Tannock et al. 
2014], several life-prolonging treatments have become commercially available for mCRPC - 
including cabazitaxel, sipuleucel-t, radium-223, and novel androgen-targeted therapies 
(abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide)[Flaig et al. 2016). Despite the utilization of these drugs, 
increased benefit by early intensification in this setting has not been well established. 
Enzalutamide: 
Enzalutamide, a targeted androgen-receptor inhibitor that blocks binding of androgen to the 
androgen receptor, translocation to the nucleus, and DNA binding [Tran et al. 2009]. It has been 
FDA-approved for patients with mCRPC based on data from multiple phase III trials, including 
AFFIRM [Scher et al. 2012], PREVAIL [Beer et al. 2014], and TERRAIN [Shore et al. 2016], 
and approved for non-metastatic CRPC based on the PROSPER study [Hussain et al. 2018]. 
Enzalutamide demonstrated superiority to placebo for the treatment of mCRPC including median 
rPFS (20.0 vs. 5.4 months; hazard ratio 0.32, 95% CI: 0.28–0.37; p < 0.0001) and OS (35.3 vs. 
31.3; hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.88; p = 0.0002) [Beer et al. 2017] in chemotherapy naïve 
patients and OS (18.4 vs. 13.6 months; hazard ratio 0.63; 95% CI: 0.53,0.75; P<0.001) in 
patients with prior chemotherapy exposure. The TERRIAN study further validated enzalutamide 
as a standard of care for mCRPC with a median progression-free survival of 15.7 months to 5.8 
months in the bicalutamide arm (hazard ratio 0.44; 95% CI: 4.8, 8.1; p<0.0001). 
Darolutamide: 
Darolutamide, a novel androgen receptor antagonist, was approved for non-metastatic castration-
resistant prostate cancer on July 30, 2019 based on the ARAMIS study (NCT02200614), a 
multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 1,509 patients with non-metastatic 
castration resistant prostate cancer. Patients were randomized (2:1) to receive either 600 mg 
darolutamide orally twice daily (n=955) or matching placebo (n=554). All patients received a 
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog concurrently or had a previous bilateral 
orchiectomy. Twelve patients with previous seizure histories were treated on the darolutamide 
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The primary endpoint was metastasis free survival (MFS), defined as the time from 
randomization to first evidence of distant metastasis or death from any cause within 33 weeks 
after the last evaluable scan, whichever occurred first. The median MFS was 40.4 months (95% 
CI: 34.3, not reached) for patients treated with darolutamide compared with 18.4 months (95% 
CI: 15.5, 22.3) for those receiving placebo (hazard ratio 0.41; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.50; p<0.0001). OS 
data has yet to mature. 
Alpha Particle-emitting therapy Radium-223 
Radium-223 dichloride ([Radium-223], Xofigo®, Bayer Consumer Care AG) is an FDA 
approved alpha particle-emitting radioactive therapeutic agent indicated for the treatment of 
patients with CRPC, symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastatic disease. 
Radium-223 mimics calcium and forms complexes with the bone mineral hydroxyapatite 
preferentially in areas of increased bone turnover, such as bone metastases. The high linear 
energy transfer of alpha particle emitters induces double-strand DNA breaks in adjacent cells, 
resulting in an anti-tumor effect on bone metastases. The alpha particle range from radium-223 
dichloride is less than 100 micrometers (less than 10 cell diameters). This limited range of 
penetration depth minimizes damage to the surrounding normal tissue, including bone marrow, 
resulting in minimal myelosuppression. Radium-223 also acts by interrupting the vicious circle 
of interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the prostate cancer cells. 
 
 
Clinical Studies with radium-223 
The Phase I dose escalation study of radium-223 consisted of 25 breast and prostate cancer 
patients with osteoblastic lesions who were injected with a single dose of the agent. 
Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that within 24 hours, <1% of the administered dose 
remained in circulation and was predominantly eliminated via the gastrointestinal tract. Pain 
relief was reported by 52%, 60%, and 56% of patients after either 1, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively. 
28% of patients experienced a “flare” phenomenon. There was a significant decline in alkaline 
phosphatase among the prostate patient cohort. No dose limiting toxicities (deﬁned as platelets 
<20 x 109/L, or neutrophils <0.5 x 109/L) were experienced. Myelosuppression was mild and 
reversible with a nadir 2-4 weeks after drug administration. However, non-hematologic toxicity 
consisting of transient diarrhea (40% of patients), fatigue (25% of patients), and nausea or 
vomiting (20% of patients) occurred. 
The Phase II double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 64 men with CRPC to receive 
four intravenous (IV) injections of either 50 kBecquerel (Bq)/kg of radium-223 or placebo every 
4 weeks. The primary endpoints were change in bone-alkaline phosphatase and time to skeletal-
related events (SREs). At 4 weeks alkaline phosphatase levels were -65% in the radium-223 arm 
and +9.3% in the placebo arm (p<0.0001). Time to SREs was not statistically significantly 
different (14 versus 11 weeks, p=0.26). There was a statistically significant change in time to 
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression of 26 versus 8 weeks and a median change in 
relative PSA (-24% versus +45%). There was a trend to improvement in overall survival (OS) 
(65.3 versus 46.4 weeks, p=0.066), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. 


 
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Hematological toxicity was comparable in the two arms and noted only in the first 4 weeks of 
treatment with radium-223. 
The Phase III placebo-controlled trial (ALSYMPCA) planned to randomize 921 men with 
symptomatic bone-metastatic CRPC in a 2:1 ratio to receive 6 injections at 4-week intervals of 
either radium-223 (50 kBq/kg) or placebo. Entry criteria included at least two metastatic bone 
lesions, no visceral metastases, and either prior docetaxel treatment or inability to receive 
docetaxel. The primary endpoint was OS, with secondary endpoints of time to first SSE, time to 
alkaline phosphatase progression, alkaline-phosphatase response, alkaline-phosphatase 
normalization, time-to-PSA-progression, safety endpoints, and quality-of-life. The study was 
designed with 90% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) for death of 0.76 at 5% significance 
level. The two arms were well balanced in terms of baseline demographics. The trial was halted 
at an interim analysis after 809 patients had been randomized (541 on radium-223 and 268 on 
placebo) based on the fact that the OS for patients on the radium-223 arm was significantly 
longer than for patients on the placebo arm. At the planned interim analysis, 63% of the patients 
receiving radium-223 had received all 6 injections in comparison to 47% in the placebo arm. 
Median survival was significantly increased from 11.2 months to 14.0 months with a HR of 
0.695 (p= 0.00185) in favor of radium-223. In the final analysis, radium-223 prolonged median 
OS compared with placebo, irrespective of previous docetaxel use (previous docetaxel use, HR 
0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.88; p=0.002; no previous docetaxel use, HR 0.69, 
0.52-0.92; p=0.01). Furthermore, radium-223 significantly prolonged the median time to first 
SSE compared to placebo (15.6 months vs. 9.8 months; hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.83; 
P<0.001) and demonstrated favorable ALP outcomes, including time in total ALP increase 
(hazard ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.22; P<0.001), ALP response (P<0.001), and ALP 
normalization (P<0.001). 
 
 
Clinical Safety Summary 
Enzalutamide 
Enzalutamide carries the following warnings and precautions in the US prescribing information: 
* Seizures occurred in 0.4% of patients taking enzalutamide in clinical studies. In patients 
predisposed to seizures, 2.2% of patients taking enzalutamide experienced a seizure. 
* Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome was reported in post-approval use. Symptoms 
included seizure, headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness and other visual and neurology 
disturbances. 
* Hypersensitivity reactions including edema of the face occurred in 0.5% of patients treated 
with enzalutamide in clinical trials. 
* Ischemic Heart Disease was reported in 2.7% of patients treated 1.2% of patients on placebo. 


 
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* Falls and Fractures occurred in 10% of patients treated with enzalutamide compared to 4% of 
patients treated with placebo. 
The most common adverse events, occurring in more than 10% of patients and >/= 2% over 
placebo included asthenia/fatigue, decreased appetite, hot flush, arthralgia, dizziness/vertigo, 
hypertension, headache and weight loss. 
Drug interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors (increase enzalutamide concentrations) and CYP3A4 
inducers (decrease enzalutamide concentrations) were reported in the Package Insert. In addition, 
recommendations to avoid CYP3A4, CYP 2C9, and CYP2C19 substrates with narrow 
therapeutic indices (e.g. warfarin). 
Darolutamide 
The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) in patients who received darolutamide were fatigue, 
pain in extremity, and rash. Ischemic heart disease (4.0%) and heart failure (2.1%) were more 
common on the darolutamide arm. 
The most frequent adverse events that required dose-interruptions were hypertension (0.6%), 
diarrhea (0.5%), and pneumonia (0.5%). 
The most frequent adverse events that required dose-reductions were fatigue (0.7%), 
hypertension (0.3%), and nausea (0.3%). 
The most frequent adverse events requiring permanent treatment discontinuation were cardiac 
failure (0.4%) and death (0.4%). 
The most common laboratory abnormalities (all grades) were neutrophil count decreased (20%), 
AST increased (23%) and bilirubin increased (16%). 
Radium-223 
Warnings reported in the US package insert include the following: 
* Bone Marrow Suppression- 2% of patients taking Radium-223 experienced bone marrow 
failure or ongoing pancytopenia 
* Hematologic evaluation prior to treatment. Prior to first treatment the absolute neutrophil count 
should be >1.5x109/L, platelets should be >=100x109/L and hemoglobin >=10g/dL. Prior to 
subsequent doses, the ANC should be >=1x109/L and platelets >=50x109/L. 
* Concomitant use with chemotherapy: the safety and efficacy has not been established 
* Increased fractures and mortality in combination with abiraterone plus prednisone/prednisolone 
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* Administration and radiation protection. Administration of Radium-223 is associated with 
potential risks to other persons from radiation or contamination from spills of bodily fluids. 
* Fluid status-dehydration occurred in 3% of patients taking Radium-223 and 1% of placebo-
treated patients 
* Injection site reactions: erythema, pain and edema at the injection site occurred in 1% of 
patients taking Radium-223 
Adverse events (AEs) have been assessed for any man who received ≥ 1 injection of radium-223. 
There were 762 patients in the safety assessment population in studies of radium-223. AEs were 
observed in 88% of the radium-223 patients and 94% of placebo-treated patients. Serious adverse 
events (SAEs) were higher in the placebo group (43% versus 55%) and treatment discontinuation 
due to AEs was higher in the placebo group (13% versus 20%). Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities 
were comparable between the two arms: neutropenia (3% versus 1%), thrombocytopenia (6% 
versus 2%), anemia (13% versus 13%). Non-hematologic grade 3/4 toxicities included bone pain 
(21% versus 26%), nausea (2% in either cohort), diarrhea (2% in either cohort), vomiting (2% in 
either cohort), fatigue (5% versus 6%), and bone pain (21% versus 26%). A statistically higher 
percentage of patients had meaningful improvement in quality of life with radium-223 over 
placebo. 
1.2 
Radium-223 in combination with other therapies 
The ALSYMPCA study showed that the addition of radium-223 to the best standard of care, 
including local external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT), treatment with glucocorticoids, 
antiandrogens, ketoconazole, or estrogens, extended OS compared to patients receiving standard 
of care plus placebo [Parker et al. 2013].  Notably, enzalutamide or abiraterone plus 
corticosteroid were not included in the study.  Data from the expanded access program in Europe 
suggested that patients receiving concomitant radium-223 and enzalutamide or abiraterone plus 
corticosteroid lived longer than those individuals without such concomitant therapy [Jim et al. 
2010].  This is further strengthened by data from the radium-223 US expanded access programs. 
A combination trial of abiraterone plus prednisone/prednisolone in concurrent combination with 
radium-223 (ERA-223) reported results in 2018. This randomized double-blind, placebo-
controlled Phase III ERA-223 trial investigated whether administering radium-223 dichloride 
(radium-223) in combination with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone increased 
symptomatic skeletal event free survival (SSE-FS). The trial has enrolled 806 patients who are 
randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive study treatment (either radium-223 dichloride or placebo in 
addition to abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone for the first six cycles followed by 
abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone thereafter) until an on-study symptomatic 
skeletal event (SSE) occurs (or other withdrawal criteria are met). The study completed 
enrollment in September 2016. On November 14th, 2017, an Independent Data Monitoring 
Committee (IDMC) recommended to unblind the Phase ERA223 III trial due to the observation 
of an imbalance concerning more fractures and deaths events in the treatment arm investigating 
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2017, Bayer had informed health authorities worldwide as well as investigators and healthcare 
professionals about the preliminary findings of an increased incidence of fractures and death in 
the Phase III ERA-223 study. Of note, only 39% and 42% of subjects received concurrent 
denosumab or bisphosphonate treatment in the radium-223 and placebo arms, respectively 
(Smith at al. 2019). 
The FDA finalized its assessment of the Phase III ERA-223 trial results in August 2018 and the 
indication remains unchanged - Xofigo is indicated for the treatment of patients with castration-
resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastatic disease. 
As a consequence of the results of the ERA-223 trial there was an update in the SmPC 
concerning Warnings and Precautions - Increased Fractures and Mortality in Combination with 
Abiraterone plus Prednisone/Prednisolone: Xofigo is not recommended in combination with 
abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone. 
Currently, the PEACE III study (NCT02194842) is ongoing and designed to answer the question 
of whether radium-223 in addition to enzalutamide improves radiological progression-free 
survival in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic mCRPC. This study initiates 
radium-223 and enzalutamide concurrently and does not address the optimal timing of radium-
223. Following the unblinding of ERA-223, the PEACE III study was amended to mandate bone 
protective agents, either denosumab or zoledronic acid [Tombal et al. 2019]. subsequently 
published that subjects initiating bone protective agents at least 6 weeks before their first 
injection of radium-223 had significantly lower rates of bone fractures, regardless of the use of 
Ra-223. Of the subjects receiving enzalutamide and radium-223, 13 of 39 (33%) without a bone 
protective agent reported a fracture, while only 1 of 33 (3%) on a bone protective agent reported 
a fracture. There was no difference in the rate of fractures between enzalutamide and radium-223 
in patients that received a bone protective agent; however, the number of patients evaluated was 
low. 
1.3 
The response of bone metastases to enzalutamide  
Patients responding to enzalutamide therapy often have bone lesions that exhibit the bone flare 
phenomenon on a bone scan [Ryan et al. 2011].  The flare phenomenon is captured on bone scan 
as increased deposition within the hydroxyapatite associated with healing bone and represents an 
osteosclerotic reaction, with deposition of hydroxyapatite and presumably diminution of tumor 
size.  Within the bone, there is an increase in elements to which radium-223 binds, while at the 
same time bone metastases are decreasing in size.  This enhanced stromal/tumor ratio in bone is 
theoretically ideal for radium-223 therapy.  This hypothesis has not been examined in preclinical 
or clinical studies. 
1.4 
Rationale for the Study 
Thousands of patients with bone predominant mCRPC experience disease progression after an 
initial response to enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate and the next treatment choice is unclear 
due to the availability of multiple therapies. Clinical and disease characteristics often dictate 
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might be preferable to another in this setting or have established the ideal timing of radium-223, 
a novel radiopharmaceutical targeting bone metastases. 
The optimal time to add radium-223 to an active hormone treatment regimen such as 
enzalutamide or darolutamide has not been well established. Recent data from ERA-223, a trial 
adding concomitant radium-223 or placebo to abiraterone acetate, demonstrated an increased risk 
of fractures in the radium-223 group [Smith et al. 2019]. The fracture risk was dramatically 
reduced when bone-protective agents were used. A post-hoc analysis showed that both groups of 
patients with alkaline phosphatase flares during the study had a lower proportion of fractures, 
compared to those without flares [Smith et al. 2019]. The ongoing PEACE-III study is 
investigating concurrent enzalutamide and radium-223 and only mandated bone health agents 
subsequent to the release of the ERA-223 fracture data. 
The hypothesis we are testing in this study is whether layering radium-223 following 16 weeks 
of enzalutamide or darolutamide exposure in patients demonstrating a biochemical response 
improves disease outcomes. By adding radium-223 following a potential bone flare phenomenon 
(first 12-14 weeks of therapy with an androgen receptor blocker), maximizing patients expected 
to have durable response to systemic therapy, and using bone protective agents during treatment, 
we aim to demonstrate an optimal time to add radium-223 in the mCRPC landscape. 
In this study, the efficacy of adding radium-223 after an initial PSA decline ≥30% at any time 
during a 12-week lead-in period of enzalutamide or darolutamide, will be assessed via time to 
symptomatic skeletal event-free survival (SSE-FS). In the PREVAIL study, the prognostic 
importance of PSA response was demonstrated; subjects experiencing an initial PSA response 
during enzalutamide treatment had better outcomes than those that did not, including time to 
PSA progression, rPFS, and overall survival. (Armstrong et al. 2018). As radium-223 targets the 
bone only, this study will select for patients that demonstrate systemic control of their disease 
(i.e. a biochemical response during oral therapy) to enable higher likelihood of patient benefit. 
SSE-FS is a clinically meaningful endpoint defined as the first occurrence of a symptomatic 
pathologic fractures, external beam radiation therapy to relieve skeletal symptoms, spinal cord 
compression, or tumor-related orthopedic surgical intervention, or death from any cause. 
2. 
STUDY OBJECTIVES 
2.1 
Primary Objective 
The primary objective of this study is to: 
• To compare the symptomatic skeletal event-free survival (SSE-FS) of patients on 
radium-223 vs. placebo while taking randomized ARB therapy. 
2.2 
Secondary Objectives 
The secondary objectives of this study are to: 
• Assess overall survival (OS) 
• Assess time to chemotherapy initiation after RT2 Cycle 1, Day 1 (C1D1) 


 
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• Assess radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) after RT2 C1D1 
• Determine the safety profile of androgen receptor blocker (ARB) therapy with or 
without radium-223 
• Assess occurrence of AESI: bone fractures (pathologic and non-pathologic) 
 
2.3 
Exploratory Objectives 
The exploratory objectives of this study are to: 
• Compare the safety and cognitive function of enzalutamide and darolutamide from RT1 
randomization through 12 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide (prior to RT2)  
• Determine skeletal progression using PCWG3 criteria for progression based upon 99Tc 
bone scan imaging after RT2 randomization 
• Determine the time to PSA progression following RT2 randomization 
• Determine the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) response rate every 12 weeks following 
RT2 randomization 
• Assess time to total ALP progression  
• Assess time to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) progression  
• Assess further correlative biomarkers in the patient population 
• Assess changes in cognitive function following RT2 randomization 
• Assess frequency of the following adverse events that are listed as warnings for the study 
drugs (cardiovascular, seizures, falls, weakness, cognitive function)   
 
2.4 
Endpoints 
 
Primary Endpoint 
The primary endpoint is the symptomatic skeletal event-free survival (SSE-FS).   
 
Symptomatic skeletal events are defined as the duration of time from RT2 until any one of 
the following: 
• the first use of external-beam radiation therapy to relieve skeletal tumor-related 
symptoms 
• the occurrence of new symptomatic pathologic bone fractures. 
• the occurrence of new symptomatic spinal cord compression 
• a tumor-related orthopedic surgical intervention 
 
For calculating the cumulative incidence of SSE over time, the time to SSE is defined as the time 
elapsed between the day of C1D1 after Randomization 2 to the day of SSE recorded for each 
patient. Patients who are alive and without evidence of an SSE at their last study visit will be 
censored at that visit date. Patients who die without an SSE will be considered as having a 
completed event at the date of their death. 
 
 


 
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Secondary Endpoints 
The secondary efficacy endpoints are: 
• 
Overall survival (OS) defined as the time from RT2 randomization until death on study.  
Patients who are alive at the time of data cut-off will be censored at the last date known 
to be alive. 
• 
Time to chemotherapy initiation defined as the time from RT2 to initiation of docetaxel 
or cabazitaxel treatment, whichever occurs earlier. 
• Radiological progression-free survival (rPFS) defined as time to the first occurrence of 
bone scan progression per PCWG3 criteria, and/or progression by CT/MRI per RECIST 
1.1 criteria, or death from any cause following RT2. Radiological progression is 
interpreted by local assessment only.  
• Determine the safety profile of androgen receptor blockers (enzalutamide or 
darolutamide) with or without radium-223 using adverse event rates, electronic patient 
reported outcomes, and cognitive testing. 
• Assess occurrence of AESI: fractures (pathologic and non-pathologic) 
 
 
Exploratory Endpoints 
Exploratory efficacy endpoints include: 
• Compare the safety of enzalutamide and darolutamide after 12 weeks of enzalutamide or 
darolutamide (pre-RT2) using adverse event rates, electronic patient reported outcomes, 
and cognitive testing. 
o Compare the proportion of subjects meeting criteria for cognitive impairment 
after 12 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide (pre-RT2) by comparing 
objective neurocognitive tests (CANTAB modules).  Cognitive impairment is 
defined per the International Cognition and Cancer Task Force guidelines as 
meeting one of the following:  1) ≥1.5 SDs below (age- and education-adjusted) 
norm on ≥2 cognitive domain modules; or 2) ≥2 SDs below norm on ≥1 cognitive 
domain module Wefel et al. 2011]. 
o Compare the average decline in maximally changed cognitive domain in patients 
in each treatment group after 12 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide (pre-
RT2) using objective neurocognitive testing (CANTAB modules). 
o Compare subjective cognitive function between treatment arms by comparing 
FACT-Cog total scores after 12 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide (pre-
RT2). 
o Compare overall quality of life between treatment arms by comparing FACT-P 
between arms after 12 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide (pre-RT2)  
• Time to first skeletal progression using PCWG3 criteria for progression using 99Tc bone 
scan imaging after RT2 C1D1. 
• Time to PSA progression defined as: 
o For patients with a PSA decline from R2 randomization, an initial PSA increase 
of at least 25% and 2 ng/mL above the nadir, which is confirmed by a second 
value 3 or more weeks later (i.e., a confirmed rising trend).  


 
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o For patients without a PSA decline from R2 randomization, a PSA increase of at 
least 25% and 2 ng/mL above the pre-RT2 value. 
• Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) response rate.  Total ALP response is defined as the 
proportion of patients who had elevated total ALP at R2 randomization which has 
normalized at least 12 weeks after R2 randomization. 
• Time to total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) progression defined as:  
o In patients without a total ALP decline from R2 randomization: a ≥25% increase 
from the value at R2 randomization at least 12 weeks following R2 
randomization,  
o In patients with an initial total ALP decline from the value at RT2 randomization: 
≥25% increase above the nadir value, which is confirmed by a second value 
obtained 3 or more weeks later 
• Time to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) progression defined as   
o In patients with normal LDH at RT2 randomization: one abnormally elevated 
value confirmed by a second abnormal value obtained 3 or more weeks later.  
o In patients with LDH above ULN at RT2 randomization: ≥25% increase from the 
value at RT2 randomization 
• Assess further correlative biomarkers in the patient population 
• Assess frequency of the following adverse events that are listed as warnings for the study 
drugs (cardiovascular, seizures, falls, weakness, cognitive function)   
3. 
STUDY PATIENT POPULATION AND DISCONTINUATION 
3.1 
Inclusion Criteria  
Patients must meet all of the following inclusion criteria in order to be qualified for the first 
randomization (R1) to Open-label Enzalutamide or Darolutamide (Lead-in Phase): 
 
1. Able and willing to provide informed consent. 
2. Progressive mCRPC at screening with histologically or cytologically confirmed 
diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. 
3. Men ≥ 18 years. 
4. ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 at screening. 
5. Metastatic to bone with ≥ 2 bone metastases (area of increased uptake on 99mTc 
bone scan); equivocal lesions on the bone scan must be confirmed by standard X-
ray, CT, or MRI. 
6. Patients must have progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) on 
androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as evidenced by either of: 
a. For patients who manifest disease progression solely as a rising prostate-
specific antigen (PSA) level - documentation of a sequence of two rising 
PSA values at a minimum of 1-week apart with the Screening value ≥1 
ng/ml (see Appendix D); 
b.For patients with disease progression manifested in the bone, irrespective 
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new skeletal lesions demonstrated by 99Tc bone imaging. Ambiguous 
results should be confirmed by other imaging modalities than bone scan 
and x-ray (e.g.: CT-scan or MRI). 
c. For patients with disease progression manifested at nodal sites, 
irrespective of progression by rising PSA - progression defined per 
RECIST 1.1. 
7. Ongoing ADT with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or 
antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy. 
8. Use of bone health agents (denosumab or zoledronic acid or other 
bisphosphonates) starting any time prior to R1 unless contraindicated or 
considered not in the best interest of the patient. A waiver must be approved by 
the medical monitor if bone health agents cannot be used. Bone health agents 
should be continued throughout both RT1 and RT2 treatment periods. 
9. Adequate bone marrow and organ function as defined by: 
a. Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL 
b.Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5 x 109/L 
c. Platelets ≥100 x 109/L 
d.Serum creatinine ≤1.95 mg/dL 
e. Estimated creatinine clearance >/= 30 mL/min/1.73m2  by Cockroft-Gault 
calculation  
f. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 175 U/L 
g.Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 100 U/L 
h.Total bilirubin ≤ 1.8 mg/dL (unless the patient a diagnosis of  Gilbert’s 
disease or a similar syndrome involving slow conjugation of bilirubin; in 
patients with Gilbert’s, the total bilirubin should be less than 6 mg/dl if 
patient has Gilbert’s and the elevation should be seen in the unconjugated 
or indirect bilirubin measurement) 
i. LDH ≤ 224 U/L at screening 
j. Albumin ≥2.5 g/dL 
10. Fertile male patients, defined as all males physiologically capable of conceiving 
offspring with female partners of child-bearing potential, must be willing to use 
condoms plus spermicidal agent during the study treatment period and for 6 
months after the last dose of study drug, and not father a child or donate sperm 
during this period. 
11. The treating site investigator deems RT1 (Enzalutamide or Darolutamide) 
treatment safe and feasible. 
 
Subjects must meet the remaining inclusion criteria in order to be qualified for the second 
randomization (R2). Only subjects that complete the initial 12 weeks of run-in RT1 should be 
evaluated. Prior inclusion criteria do not need to be re-evaluated:  
 
12. Patients must have a documented ≥ 30% decline of PSA at any time during the 12 
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13. Patients must have no evidence of visceral metastatic disease at the time of RT2 
randomization. 
14. Ongoing treatment with RT1 and bone health agents at time of RT2 
randomization. 
15. The treating site investigator deems RT2 (Ra-223 dichloride) treatment safe and 
feasible. 
 
3.2 
Exclusion Criteria 
Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry and will be 
considered Screen Failures (cannot be randomized to R1). These are only evaluated prior to the 
first randomization (R1) and do not need to be re-evaluated for R2: 
 
1. Pathological finding consistent with small cell carcinoma of the prostate 
2. Prior chemotherapy for CRPC.  Prior docetaxel for hormone-sensitive disease is 
permitted under the following conditions: started within 3 months of ADT initiation, 
given for a maximum of 6 cycles and progression occurred > 6 months after the last dose 
of docetaxel.  
3. Prior treatment for mCRPC or CRPC. However, the following therapies are permitted 
and not exclusionary: Sipuleucel-T, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, estrogens, or older 
antiandrogens (such as flutamide, bicalutamide, or nilutamide). 
4. Prior treatment for more than 1 month with CYP17 inhibitors (e.g. abiraterone or 
orteronel) 
5. Prior treatment for more than 2 months with agents inhibiting androgen receptor 
signaling (e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide). 
6. Prior hemibody or whole-body external radiotherapy.  Other types of prior external 
radiotherapy and brachytherapies are allowed. 
7. Prior therapy with radionuclides (e.g., radium-223, strontium-89, samarium-153, 
rhenium-186, rhenium-188, actinium-225 and lutetium-177). 
8. Current involvement in any drug or device trial involving investigational agent or 
medical device within the last 28 days prior to R1.   
9. In general, any prior investigational agent for nmCRPC/mCRPC; however, may be 
reviewed by medical monitor/PIs for waiver consideration, on a case-by-case basis.  
10. Hypersensitivity to compounds related to enzalutamide, darolutamide, or Ra223 
11. A blood transfusion ≤ 28 days prior to R1. 
12. Major surgical procedures ≤ 28 days or minor surgical procedures ≤7 days prior to R1.  
No waiting period is required following port-a-cath placement. 
13. Patients with visceral metastases, clinical evidence of central nervous system metastases 
or leptomeningeal tumor spread as demonstrated via CT/MRI of chest, abdomen, pelvis, 
and CNS (if needed). CT/MRI of the CNS only performed if suspicion of CNS 
metastases or leptomeningeal tumor spread. Nodules <1 cm alone will not be considered 
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14. Serious active infection at the time of screening or another serious underlying medical 
condition that would impair the ability of the patient to receive protocol treatment. 
15. Presence of other active cancers, or history of treatment for invasive cancer ≤2 years of 
study entry.  Patients with Stage I/II cancer who have received definitive local treatment 
and are considered unlikely to recur are eligible.  All patients with previously treated in 
situ carcinoma (i.e., non-invasive) and superficial bladder cancer are eligible, as are 
patients with history of non-melanoma skin cancer. 
16. Any other serious or unstable illness, or medical, social, or psychological condition, that 
could jeopardize the safety of the subject and/or his/her compliance with study 
procedures, or may interfere with the subject’s participation in the study or evaluation of 
the study results. 
 
3.3 
Discontinuation from Randomized Treatments 
Following permanent discontinuation of darolutamide, enzalutamide, or Ra-223 or Placebo, 
patients will have a Telephone End of Study Drug visit, which will include protocol-required 
safety follow-up assessments 30 days after the last dose of study medication unless the patient 
specifically declines further follow-up, in which case the data from last visit will be used.  Study 
site personnel must document the patient’s decision in the clinical records.  
 
3.4 
Required Discontinuation from Randomized (RT1) Treatment (Darolutamide or 
Enzalutamide) 
The primary reasons that require patients to permanently discontinue darolutamide or 
enzalutamide are as follows:  
• Adverse event or inter-current illness: any intolerable adverse event (including toxicity 
related to ARB) that cannot be ameliorated by the use of adequate medical intervention or 
that in the opinion of the Site Investigator or Medical Monitor would lead to undue risk if 
study treatment were continued.  
• Gross noncompliance with protocol: the Medical Monitor or Lead-Principal Investigator 
may request permanent treatment discontinuation in the event of a major protocol 
deviation, lack of cooperation, or noncompliance.  
 
3.5 
Required Discontinuation from Randomized (RT2) Treatment (Ra-233 or 
Placebo) 
The primary reasons that require patients to permanently discontinue the double-blind, 
randomized Ra-223 or placebo treatment regimen are as follows:  
• Radiological disease progression; however, investigators may continue RT2 treatment 
through 6 cycles until it no longer clinically benefits the patient as defined per PCWG3.  
PSA progression is not considered progression in this protocol (Scher et al. 2016).  
• Adverse event or inter-current illness: any intolerable adverse event (including toxicity 
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or that in the opinion of the Site Investigator or Medical Monitor would lead to undue 
risk if study treatment were continued.  
• Gross noncompliance with protocol: the Medical Monitor or Lead-Principal Investigator 
may request permanent treatment discontinuation in the event of a major protocol 
deviation, lack of cooperation, or noncompliance.  
• Required use of a prohibited concomitant therapy (section 8.4.3). 
• Death  
• Lost to follow-up   
• Sponsor discontinuation of study: the Sponsor reserves the right to terminate the study.  
The Sponsor will terminate this study following completion of the study objectives, or 
earlier if deemed necessary.  
• Patient decision: patients may permanently discontinue any of the randomized study drug 
treatments at any time for any reason.  
 
3.6 
Q12-Week Progression Follow-up 
After Ra-223 or placebo (RT2) treatment is completed or discontinued, patients should continue 
RT1 and have follow-up visits every 12 weeks, until radiological progression, or until a 
prohibited treatment (section 8.4.3) is initiated. The visits should remain on the same Q12-Week 
(Imaging) schedule based on Cycle 1, Day 1. 
 
All new reportable AEs occurring during this period must be reported and followed until 
resolution, unless, in the opinion of the Site Investigator, these values are not likely to improve.  
In this case, the Site Investigator must record his or her reasoning for this decision in the 
patients’ medical records and as a comment in the electronic Case Report Form (eCRF). 
Once 12-week follow-up visits are no longer required, the patient enters into the Overall Survival 
phase. 
 
All patients who have Grade 3 or 4 hematological laboratory abnormalities (per National Cancer 
Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [NCI CTCAE] v 5.0) at the time of 
discontinuation must be followed until the laboratory values have returned to Grade 1 or 2, 
unless it is, in the opinion of the Site Investigator, not likely that these values are to improve.  In 
this case, the Site Investigator must record his or her reasoning for making this decision in the 
patients’ medical records and as a comment in the eCRF. 
 
3.7 
Overall Survival Phase  
Patients that have radiological progression or that start a prohibited treatment (section 8.4.3) will 
be followed every 6 months (+/- 1 month) after the last Q12-Week visit was performed (during 
randomized (RT2) treatment or during follow-up). Patients will be followed by outpatient visits, 
telephone contacts, and/or chart review. 
 


 
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Only adverse events identified by the Site Investigator to be related to darolutamide, 
enzalutamide, radium-223, SSE-related AEs, and Adverse Events of Special Interest will need to 
be reported. 
4. 
CORRELATIVE TESTING 
 
 
Planned Use for Biorepository Samples 
Subject participation in the central biorepository is optional and will not alter their participation 
in the overall study.   
 
Sample collection and storage at a central biorepository will enable for future interrogation of 
prostate cancer biomarkers. At this time the ultimate use of these samples has not been 
determined; samples may be used to perform various types of analyses, and these analyses will 
vary depending upon evolving research needs. Potential investigations utilizing stored saliva, 
serum, plasma, buffy coats, or other tissues include but are not limited to proteins, various 
metabolites, and others. Samples may also be analyzed for exploratory biomarkers to evaluate 
predictive biomarkers and to assess correlation with disease activity, effects of study drug, and 
clinical outcomes.  
 
 
Biorepository Sample Collection Times 
Samples will be collected at 3 timepoints:  
• Pre-RT1: Prior to enzalutamide or darolutamide obtained through study. 
• Pre-R2: After 12-week Lead-in enzalutamide or darolutamide (RT1), and 
• At the next visit after radiographic progression is confirmed or initiation of a prohibited 
treatment, whichever occurs earlier 
 
 
Biorepository Sample Collection Information 
Details regarding the biorepository sample collection and site responsibilities are available in 
the laboratory manual.  
5. 
COGNITIVE TESTING AND EPRO 
Studies assessing the effect of ADT on the cognitive function of men with prostate cancer have 
reported mixed results.[McGinty et al. 2014, Alibhai et al. 2010, Joly et al. 2006, Jim et al. 2010]  
One recent prospective, controlled study of the effect of ADT on cognitive function suggests that 
treatment with ADT is associated with a decline in cognitive function [Gonzalez et al. 2015].  
Additionally, the investigators found a specific SNP that may be associated with increased risk 
of cognitive dysfunction during treatment but not in untreated men.[Gonzalez et al. 2015] 
Furthermore, a recent population-based cohort study of men with prostate cancer receiving ADT 
suggests that ADT may be associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.[Nead et al. 
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bind the AR in the central nervous system after crossing the blood brain barrier (enzalutamide) 
when compared with AR targeting agents that do not cross the blood brain barrier 
(darolutamide), has not been adequately described.  
 
In this study we will assess objective neurocognitive changes associated with treatment with AR 
targeting agents that do (enzalutamide) and do not (darolutamide) cross the blood brain barrier.  
Objective neurocognitive change will be compared between arms and longitudinally over time 
using modules from CANTAB neurocognitive tablet-based tests.  A battery of CANTAB 
cognitive function tests will be used.  In addition, we will compare subjective quality of life and 
neurocognitive effects during treatment with darolutamide and enzalutamide using the ePRO 
instruments FACT-P and FACT-COG. Data collection will be done electronically at the 
following timepoints:  
• Screening (practice) 
• Pre-RT1 (prior to enzalutamide or darolutamide given through the study) 
• Pre-R2 (12 weeks post- enzalutamide or darolutamide)  
6. 
STUDY REGISTRATION 
The study will be listed on ClinicalTrials.gov by MANA RBM.  Yearly updates and reporting on 
final study results will be the responsibility of MANA RBM.  
7. 
STUDY DESIGN 
This is a multi-center, Phase III study in patients with mCRPC. 


 
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Screening: 
Patients will be screened -42 to -2 days prior to starting RT1 treatment with an androgen receptor 
blocker.   
 
R1:  
Following successful screening for first randomization (i.e., R1 I/E are met), patients will be 
randomized (R1) 1:1 to open-label randomized treatment 1 (RT1) with either enzalutamide or 
darolutamide. Patients may not switch RT1 ARB treatment during the study. 
 
RT1: Day 1, Day 28, Day 56 and Day 84 
Ensure patient is taking bone health agent (BHA) at or before first RT1 dose and continues on 
BHA throughout RT1 and RT2 treatment periods. Patients must receive at least 12 weeks of RT1 
prior to Pre-R2 visit and before starting randomized, double-blinded Ra-223 or placebo (RT2). 
Patients will have serial PSAs performed at least every 4 weeks during the first 12 weeks of RT1 
therapy.  
 
Pre-R2 
Pre-R2 baseline assessments will be done after at least 12-16 weeks of RT1 have been completed 
and no less than 14 days prior to C1D1 of RT2 to review safety parameters and establish baseline 
values prior to C1D1. Imaging assessments (CT, MRI, Bone Scan) should only be done for 
patients that have a documented ≥ 30% PSA decline at any time during the first 12 weeks of 
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Subjects must meet additional inclusion criteria 12-15 in order to be qualified for the second 
randomization (R2). Only subjects that complete the initial 12 weeks of run-in RT1 should be 
evaluated for the additional inclusion criteria. Prior inclusion criteria 1-11 do not need to be re-
evaluated.  All subjects that complete the lead-in RT1 treatment should perform the second 
series of Cognitive function testing, even if they do not qualify for R2, prior to discontinuation. 
 
R2:  
If the all (R2) randomization conditions are all met, subjects will be eligible for (R2) 
randomization and should start the 1st cycle of (RT2) Ra-223 or placebo (C1D1) within 14 days 
following the pre-R2 safety laboratory blood draw.  
 
Patients eligible for RT2 will be centrally randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either radium-223 
dichloride or placebo (saline) administered IV on Day 1 of each cycle for 6, 28-day cycles, and 
will continue with their open-label, randomized ARB and bone health agent(s).  The placebo will 
be administered in precisely the same fashion as the active drug.  
 
RT2, up to 6 cycles: 
Randomized, Double-Blind Ra-223 or Placebo Cycles 1-6: q 28 days  
First RT2 cycle (C1D1) must occur within 14 days after the pre-R2 safety laboratory blood 
draw. Ideally, subsequent RT2 cycles 2-6 should be scheduled to occur every 28 days +/- 7 
days following the previous cycle, but dosing may be delayed up to 4 weeks per cycle 
(maximum 8 weeks between cycles). Patients will continue with their open-label, randomized 
ARB irrespective of Ra-223/placebo delays. Subjects should continue on BHA throughout the 
RT2 treatment period. 
 
Safety laboratory assessments must be completed within 14 days of each cycle and results 
assessed for safety to proceed with next cycle before administration. 
 
Q12-Week RT2 Imaging 
After the first administration of RT2 at C1D1, patients will be assessed radiologically by CT 
or MRI and bone scan every 12 weeks, until either: 
 
3) radiological progression defined as soft tissue progression per RECIST 1.1 or bone 
progression per PCWG3 or  
 
4) a prohibited treatment has begun.  
 
The 12-week visits start 12 weeks +/- 7 days after RT2 Cycle 1, Day 1 and must remain on 
this schedule independent of other study visits. The same imaging modality should be used for 
all assessments (CT or MRI).  The RECIST and PCWG3 tumor assessments should be 
completed by the same trained rater throughout the study.  
 


 
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Telephone End of Study Drug(s) 
Telephone End of Study Drug visits are required 30 days +/- 7 days after last dose of study 
drug(s) (Ra-223/Placebo, Enzalutamide, and Darolutamide) are administered or at the last clinic 
visit if patient declines further participation.  
 
Q12-Week Progression Follow-up 
After RT2 cycles are either stopped or (6) cycles completed, patients without radiological 
progression that have not started a prohibited treatment will continue to have clinic visits every 
12 weeks (continuing with the same schedule based on C1D1). Enzalutamide or Darolutamide 
may continue during the Q12-Week Progression Follow-up period. PSA progression alone is not 
considered progression in this protocol [Scher et al. 2016]. Clinical progression will be assessed 
by the site investigator on any scheduled or unscheduled visit.  
 
Overall Survival 
Patients that demonstrate radiological progression or start a prohibited treatment will be followed 
for SSE’s, AESIs, and overall survival Enzalutamide or Darolutamide may continue during the 
Overall Survival period. Patients in this phase of the study will be evaluated every 6 months +/- 1 
month after the last Q12-Week Visit is performed until death or the end of the study. Patients 
may be contacted during outpatient visits or by telephone and/or chart review. 
 
End of Study: 
When patients permanently discontinue the study due to any reason (screen failure, lost to 
follow-up, withdrawn consent, etc.), an End of Study visit will be done to capture the reason for 
screen failure, reason for permanent discontinuation, study disposition, and to assess AEs. 
8. 
STUDY MEDICATIONS  
8.1 
Randomized Treatment #1, RT1 
Ensure patient is taking a bone health agent at time of Randomization 1 (R1).  Patients eligible to 
receive RT1 will be randomized (R1) in a 1:1 ratio to receive open-label enzalutamide (160 mg 
PO QD) [available commercially through prescription] or darolutamide (600 mg PO BID) 
[provided through the study] for mCRPC. Dose reductions of RT1 will be allowed per protocol 
(see dose-reduction guidelines).  Once receiving RT1, subjects should continue RT1 on study 
until toxicity, or other reason listed in section 3.4.  
 
Patients who do not have a ≥ 30% PSA decline at any time during the RT1 period will not be 
randomized to RT2 and will be discontinued from the study.  Patients must receive RT1 at least 
12 weeks and meet all R2 conditions to proceed to the second double-blind randomized 
treatment phase. 
 


 
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8.2 
Randomized Treatment #2, RT2 
Patients eligible to receive RT2 will be randomized (R2) in a 1:1 ratio to receive double-blind 
RT2 (radium-223 or placebo) that will be administered IV on Day 1 of each cycle for 6, 28-day 
cycles). RT2 active and placebo treatments will be administered in precisely the same fashion on 
Day 1 of each cycle for 6, 28-day cycles. Patients will continue with their open-label, 
randomized ARB and bone health agent. 
 
Randomized (Ra-223 or Placebo) will be blinded to patient and study staff /investigators who 
perform any study related procedures/tasks. Designated trained, unblinded individual or 
individuals will prepare and administer radium-223 at 55 kBq/kg IV or placebo via intravenous 
infusion on Day 1 of a 28-day cycle for a total of 6 cycles. No dose reductions will be allowed, 
but treatment can be held for up to 4 weeks.  If the hold is the result of a treatment-related AE 
and lasts for >4 weeks, then treatment will be permanently discontinued. No less than 3 weeks 
and no more than 8 weeks is allowed between doses. Patients will be evaluated for toxicity 
within 14 days prior to each cycle. Radiological assessments will be performed every 12 weeks 
following Cycle 1 Day 1, as defined in Appendix C. 
 
Patients will continue on RT2 for up to 6 cycles or until patient has a reason for discontinuation 
as listed in Section 3.5 of the protocol. 
 
Upon radiographic progression, further treatments are decided by the site investigator according 
to standard local practice. Radium-223 or placebo may continue at the discretion of the site 
investigator (if the maximum of 6 doses have not been reached) if they believe it to be in the 
patient’s best interest. If patient continues on Ra-223 or placebo after radiological progression, 
the Q12 Week Imaging visits will not be done, and the patient will move into Overall Survival 
phase after all Ra-223 or Placebo cycles are completed. Enzalutamide or darolutamide may be 
continued after progression if the treating investigator considers that the patient is still receiving 
benefit.   
 
PSA progression alone is not considered progression in this protocol [Scher et al. 2016]. Clinical 
progression will be assessed by the site investigator on any scheduled or unscheduled visit. 
 
8.3 
Blinding and Unblinding the Study 
 
Treatment Assignment Unblinding for Blinded Studies 
Patients will be randomized to receive radium-223 or placebo in a double-blind fashion. 
Ideally, there should be at least 2 staff members at each study site who are unblinded in order 
to allow the individuals to serve as back-up for each other.  
 
All treating physicians, clinical staff, patients, and the sponsor personnel will be blinded as to 
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representatives who will perform drug ordering, drug accountability, preparation of placebo, 
dose calibration, and administration of Ra-223/Placebo. 
 
There is no intention to routinely unblind individual patients at any time.  Individual requests for 
safety unblinding require the approval of the Medical Monitor.  If the investigator decides that 
unblinding is warranted, the investigator should contact the Medical Monitor prior to unblinding 
unless this could delay emergency treatment of the participant. The Site Investigator may hold 
administration of radium-223/placebo while waiting for a decision on unblinding to be made.  
Approval may be obtained by contacting the Medical Monitor directly.  Upon approval by the 
Medical Monitor, appropriate MANA RBM staff member will break the blind and will provide 
the site with the patient’s treatment assignment.  
 
Examples of circumstances requiring unblinding include: 
• 
A life-threatening, unexpected AE (e.g. SUSAR) that is thought to be related to radium-
223 unblinding would change or influence treatment decisions 
• 
In the event of a suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction 
• 
Medication error, such as an accidental overdose, that would warrant unblinding in order 
to more effectively manage toxicity 
• 
Regulatory reporting requirement (e.g. in the event of a safety signal in a treatment arm.) 
• 
Unblinding influences current treatment decisions (e.g. Ra-223 is a reasonable treatment 
option for a patient following disease progression) 
 
Site Investigators may only unblind patients under emergency unblinding rules (See 
unblinding rules document for further details.).  If a patient is unblinded by the Site 
Investigator, he must discontinue Ra-223/Placebo and enter the Overall Survival phase. 
 
The occurrence of a SAE or progressive disease (PD) should not routinely precipitate the 
immediate unblinding.  However, if emergency unblinding is necessary for the treatment of an 
SAE, study treatment can be unblinded.  Should blinding be broken for a patient, the Medical 
Monitor should be contacted by the Site Investigator within one working day of the premature 
unblinding to discuss its rationale.  
 
The study will be unblinded for analysis purposes at the time of final analysis. 
 
8.4 
Concomitant Medications 
At each visit, the patient will be asked about new and ongoing medications taken after the time 
of the initial informed consent.  
 
 
Required Concomitant Medications  
• Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT): all patients who have not had a bilateral 
orchiectomy are required to remain on a LHRH agonist (e.g. leuprolide, goserelin) or 
antagonist (e.g. degarelix).   
 


 
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• Bone Health Agent (BHA): all patients are required to take concomitant bone health 
agents (e.g.,denosumab, zoledronate, or other bisphosphonates) starting prior to the Lead-
In RT1 phase and continuing throughout the study unless the site investigator determines 
there is a contraindication for treatment and requests a medical waiver. All waivers must 
be approved by the Medical Monitor. 
 
 
Permitted Concomitant Medications and Treatments 
All concomitant medications and treatments should be documented in the relevant section of the 
case report form.  Premedication with anti-emetics is allowed according to standard practice 
guidelines. 
 
Medications may be administered for maintenance of existing conditions prior to screening or for 
a new condition that develops while on study, including but not limited to the following: 
• During the duration of the study, other concomitant treatments including but not limited 
to treatments such as such as analgesics, corticosteroids, estrogens (e.g., stilboestrol), 
older antiandrogens (bicalutamide, flutamide, and nilutamide), and ketoconazole are 
permitted throughout the study according to routine clinical practice at the discretion of 
the site Investigator.   
• Herbal therapies are not restricted on study. 
• Blood transfusions are allowed throughout the study after R2.  
• Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor use, as 
recommended according to practice guidelines. 
• EBRT is allowed at the discretion of the Site Investigator. 
 
Other medications considered necessary for the patient’s safety and well-being may be given at 
the discretion of the Site Investigator with the exception of those listed in Section 8.4.3. 
 
 
Prohibited Concomitant Medications 
The following treatments are prohibited while in this study: 
• Any other investigational therapy 
• Radiopharmaceuticals other than study-provided radium-223 
• Darolutamide, if RT1 is enzalutamide 
• Enzalutamide, if RT1 is darolutamide 
• Hemi-body and total body radiation 
• Chemotherapy (estramustine (EmcytTM) is considered a chemotherapy) 
• Novel CYP17 inhibitors (e.g. abiraterone or orteronel) 
• Other novel agents inhibiting androgen receptor signaling (e.g. apalutamide) (ErleadaTM) 
• Immunotherapy 
• Bone marrow stimulating agents [sargramostin (Leukine), filgrastim (NeupogenTM), 
pegfilgrastim (NeulastaTM) and epoetin alpha (EpogenTM, ProcritTM)] 
 


 
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Cautionary Medications 
• PI should review all concomitant medications that have potential drug-drug interactions 
with the study medications - Ra-223, enzalutamide, and darolutamide to determine if 
treatment with the study medications is safe. 
9. 
DOSE MODIFICATIONS 
If toxicity occurs, the toxicity will be graded utilizing the NCI CTCAE v 5.0 
(http://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/CTCAE), and appropriate supportive care treatment will be 
administered to decrease the signs and symptoms thereof.   
 
No dose reductions of radium-223 will be allowed.  Treatment can be held for up to 4 weeks.  If 
the hold lasts for >4 weeks (>8 weeks between cycles), then treatment will be permanently 
discontinued.  Dose reductions of enzalutamide or darolutamide will be allowed at the discretion 
of the site investigator during the study, per current full prescribing information.  
 
9.1 
Dose and schedule modifications 
Dose and schedule modifications are based on recommendations from the investigator's brochure 
of study medications. At each visit during the treatment period, patients should first be evaluated 
for the occurrence of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities. Specific recommendations for 
management of possible adverse events are provided below. 
 
 
Ra-223 
Every effort should be made to administer the full dosing regimen of Ra223 dichloride. 
Adjustment of dose level is not permitted. 
 
9.1.1.1 
Special warnings 
• Patients with evidence of compromised bone marrow reserve e.g. following prior 
cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment (EBRT) should be treated with 
caution. An increased incidence of hematological adverse reactions such as neutropenia 
and thrombocytopenia was observed in these patients during the phase III study. 
• Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: safety and efficacy of Ra-223 in patients with 
Crohn’s disease and with ulcerative colitis have not been studied. Due to the fecal 
excretion of Ra-223, radiation may lead to aggravation of acute inflammatory bowel 
disease. Ra-223 should only be administered after a careful benefit-risk assessment in 
patients with acute inflammatory bowel disease. 
• Osteonecrosis of the jaw: in patients treated with bisphosphonates and Ra-223, an 
increased risk of development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) cannot be excluded. In 
the phase III ALSYMPCA study, cases of ONJ have been reported in 0.67% of patients 
(4/600) in the Ra223 arm compared to 0.33% patients (1/301) in the placebo arm. 
However, all patients with ONJ were also exposed to prior or concomitant 
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• Secondary malignant neoplasms: Ra-223 contributes to a patient’s overall long-term 
cumulative radiation exposure. Therefore, long-term cumulative radiation exposure may 
be associated with an increased risk of cancer and hereditary defects. In particular, the 
risk for osteosarcoma, myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia may be increased. No 
cases of Ra223-induced cancer have been reported in clinical trials in follow-up of up to 
three years 
 
9.1.1.2 
Dose delay 
Dosing delay may be instituted under the following circumstances: 

Myelosuppression: treatment-related changes in hematology parameters may occur: 
• If a patient experiences CTCAE v4 Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia 
lasting > 14 days, further Ra223 administrations must be discontinued. 
• If a patient experiences CTCAE v4 Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia the 
administration of Ra233 should be delayed until recovery to Grade 2 or better. 
• Before subsequent administrations, the ANC should be ≥ 1.0 x 109/L and the platelet count ≥ 
50 x 109/L. 
 
Gastrointestinal events: 
• Diarrhea should be treated as per local practice. A further dose of Ra223 should not be given 
before diarrhea is recovered to CTCAE v4 Grade 2 or baseline levels. 
• Nausea or vomiting should be treated as per local practice. A further dose of Ra223should not 
be given before nausea or vomiting is recovered to CTCAE v.4 Grade 2 or baseline levels. 
 
Spinal Cord Compression: 
In patients with untreated imminent or established spinal cord compression, treatment with 
standard of care, as clinically indicated, should be completed before starting or resuming 
treatment with Ra223. 

Surgical Intervention: 
If surgery is required, the patient should continue with study treatment, if this is considered safe 
in the treating Investigator’s opinion. The surgeon needs to be notified that the patient has been 
given radioactive drug, and needs to follow the guidelines for radioactive protection. 
 
Non-pathological fractures: 
For traumatic fractures in weight-bearing bones during treatment phase, the Ra223 
administration should be delayed for 2-4 weeks from the time of fracture. Orthopedic 
stabilization of fractures should be performed before starting or resuming treatment with Ra223. 

Pathological fractures: 
Pathological fractures may occur as the result of either progressive disease or increased physical 
activity associated with significant pain palliation. Pathologic fractures are to be treated in a 


 
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manner that attempts to maintain the best functional status and quality of life. Study treatment 
may continue as planned. 
 
Any Other Toxicity: 
Local practice will apply. 
 
 
Enzalutamide 
If a patient experiences ≥ Grade 3 toxicity or an intolerable adverse reaction, that does not 
improve with adequate medical intervention, dosing should be withheld for one week or until 
symptoms improve to ≤ Grade 2.Enzalutamide may be restarted at the original dose (160 
mg/day) or at a reduced dose (120 mg or 80 mg) if warranted. After dose reduction, based on 
patient tolerance, enzalutamide may be reincreased to a maximum dose of 160 mg/day at 
Investigator discretion. 
 
Enzalutamide must be interrupted during the evaluation of symptoms suspicious of PRES 
(headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness and other visual and neurological disturbances, with or 
without associated hypertension). Restarting treatment at a reduced dose or after treatment 
interruption for > 2 weeks must be discussed with the Medical Monitor. 
 
 
Darolutamide 
NUBEQA (Darolutamide): If a patient experiences a greater than or equal to Grade 3 toxicity or 
an intolerable adverse reaction, withhold dosing or reduce to 300 mg twice daily until symptoms 
improve. Then the treatment may be resumed at a dose of 600 mg twice daily. Dose reduction 
below 300 mg twice daily is not recommended 
 
10. 
STUDY ASSESSMENTS AND EVALUATIONS 
10.1 
Overview 
All patients should visit the study center on the days and windows specified within this protocol.  
The complete Schedule of Assessments for this study is shown in Appendix C,  page 94. Visits 
may be split over multiple days if needed and may be conducted via remote visits (non-clinic) or 
via telemedicine visits as needed to facilitate visit completion and infection control (e.g. limit 
COVID-19 exposure).  
 
10.2 
Screening  
• Written informed consent prior to any study-related procedures 
 
Screening assessments that can be done up to ≤42 days prior to Lead-in RT1: 
• Bone scan 


 
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• CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis (preferred modality) given with IV contrast 
unless contraindicated.  An MRI may be used in place of a CT scan.  The same 
modality must be used throughout the study.  
• MRI or CT scan of the brain, if indicated by clinical symptoms, ≤4 weeks prior to 
randomization 
• Begin prescription/insurance process for obtaining commercial Enzalutamide (for all 
subjects, in case RT1 is Enzalutamide) 
 
Screening assessments that can be done up to ≤28 days prior to Lead-in RT1: 
• Physical examination  
• Demographics 
• ECOG performance status (see Appendix A), page 77. 
• Vital signs measurements of height (first visit only), weight, resting heart rate, blood 
pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature)  
• Concomitant medication review - all ongoing medications. 
• Prior anticancer/relevant medication and procedure history review- including history 
of androgen deprivation therapy, orchiectomy, radical prostatectomy, history of prior 
bisphosphonate/ denosumab use, vitamin D, calcium, anticancer medications, and 
exclusionary medications.   
• Cognitive Assessments Practice (Battery of CANTAB Cognitive Function Tests) 
• ePRO Assessments (FACT-P, FACT-COG) 
• 12-lead ECG 
• Screening bone fracture risk assessment: This includes a history of prior fractures, 
comorbidities, prior bone density assessment (particularly the most recent bone density 
assessment prior to screening). 
• Past and ongoing medical history 
 
Screening assessments that can be done up to ≤14 days prior to Lead-in RT1: 
• CBC: including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC) with 3-part 
differential, and platelets 
• CMP:  including glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated creatinine 
clearance (Cockcroft-Gault), sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, carbon dioxide 
(CO2), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total 
bilirubin, total protein, and albumin. 
• ALP and LDH 
• PSA  
• Research biomarkers, with optional patient consent 
• If not already taking, start treatment with bone health agent if not contraindicated. 
• Eligibility review 
 
If all I/E are met (except inclusion criteria 12-15), subject may proceed to Randomization 
(R1). PCWG3 read of Screening Bone scan will be performed for all subjects that get 
randomized to R2, so that 2+2 rule can be evaluated. 
 


 
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10.3 
Lead-In RT1 (enzalutamide or darolutamide) Therapy Phase (12 weeks duration) 
• Lead-In RT1/: Day 1 only, prior to first dose of RT1 
• 
ePRO Assessments (FACT-P, FACT-COG) 
• 
ECOG performance status  
• 
TUG (timed up and go) 
• 
Cognitive Assessments (Battery of CANTAB Cognitive Function Tests) 
• Enzalutamide or Darolutamide Estimated Compliance (RT1 Days 28, 56, and 84 
only)  
 
• All RT1 visits (Day 1, Day 28, Day 56, and Day 84) 
• 
Darolutamide Dispensation (if applicable) 
• 
Darolutamide Accountability (if applicable) 
• 
PSA blood sample will be collected at least every 4 weeks (+/- 7 days)   
• 
Adverse event evaluation 
• 
Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
 
10.4 
Pre-R2 Assessments, at 12-16 weeks after RT1 initiation, within 14 days prior to 
RT2 randomization. 
• Abbreviated Physical Exam 
• Vital signs: weight, resting heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and 
temperature. 
• ECOG performance status 
• ePRO Assessments (FACT-P, FACT-COG) 
• Cognitive Assessments (Battery of CANTAB Cognitive Function Tests) 
• TUG (timed up and go) 
• 12-lead ECG 
• Adverse event (AE) assessment 
• Concomitant medication review 
• CBC including hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC with 3-part differential and platelets 
• CMP including glucose, BUN, creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-
Gault), sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, CO2, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, total 
protein, and albumin. 
• ALP and LDH 
• PSA 
• Research biomarkers, with optional patient consent 
• Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
• Review of other anti-cancer therapies 
• Bone fracture assessment 
• SSE evaluation 


 
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• Enzalutamide or Darolutamide Estimated Compliance  
• Darolutamide Dispensation (if applicable) 
• Darolutamide Accountability (if applicable) 
 
NOTE: 
• A CT or MRI and Bone scan should only be done for subjects that meet inclusion 
criterion 12. After imaging results are available, subjects should continue to be 
reviewed for inclusion 13-15. 
• RECIST/PCWG3 assessments associated with the Pre-R2 CT or MRI and Bone scans 
must be done for patients that meet (all) Inc/Exc. (including inclusion criteria 12-15) 
and randomize to R2. 
 
If the Inclusion Criteria 12-15 are met, the patient may proceed to second 
randomization (R2). 
 
10.5 
Ra-223 or Placebo Administration Cycles 1-6 (every 4 weeks) 
               Day 1 of each cycle (up to 14 days prior to Ra-223 or Placebo administration) 
 
• Vital signs: weight, resting heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature. 
• ECOG performance status 
• Adverse event (AE) assessment 
• Abbreviated Physical Exam (C4D1 only) 
• Concomitant medication review 
• Review of other anti-cancer therapies 
• Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
• Review of other anti-cancer therapies 
• CBC including hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC with 3-part differential and platelets 
• CMP including glucose, BUN, creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-
Gault), sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, CO2, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, total 
protein, and albumin. 
• ALP and LDH 
• PSA 
• Research biomarkers, with optional patient consent, at the next visit following confirmed 
radiographic progression or prior to initiation of a prohibited treatment only, whichever 
occurs earlier 
• Administration of Ra-223 or placebo (only after the site investigator deems it is safe for 
patient to be dosed after review of the above) 
• Enzalutamide or Darolutamide Estimated Compliance  
• Darolutamide Dispensation (if applicable) 
• Darolutamide Accountability (if applicable) 
 


 
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10.6 
12-Week Imaging Visits  
Patients will be evaluated for response to treatment every 12 weeks (+/- 7 days).  Visits should 
be scheduled from the first dose of radium-223 or placebo (Cycle 1, Day 1) regardless of 
treatment delays.  The following assessments will be performed:  
• CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis (preferred modality), given with IV 
contrast unless contraindicated.  An MRI may be used in place of a CT scan.  The 
same modality must be used throughout the study. 
• Bone scan 
• RECIST 
• PCWG3 assessment (bone scan) 
• Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
• Adverse event assessment 
All radiographic scans (CT, MRI and bone scans) will be collected and held in the site’s eISF.  
 
10.7 
Telephone End of Study Drug Visit 
The following evaluations are required 30 days +/- 7 days after the last dose of RT1 
(enzalutamide or darolutamide) and/or RT2 (radium-223/placebo). Separate visits may be 
required, in the event RT1 and RT2 are not discontinued simultaneously. If repeat labs are 
needed, unscheduled labs may be done. 
 
• Adverse event (AE) assessment - all AEs must be followed for 30 calendar days after the 
last dose of study medication(s) 
• Concomitant medication review 
• Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
• Review of other anti-cancer therapies 
 
10.8 
Q12 Week Progression Follow-up Visits 
After completion or discontinuation of randomized Ra-223 or placebo treatment (RT2), patients 
without radiological progression that have not started a prohibited treatment will have visits 
every 12 weeks (±7 days) to monitor for radiological progression post completion or 
discontinuation of Ra-223. 
 
During this phase, all assessments should occur according to the original radiology schedule 
(every 12 weeks following C1D1). The following assessments will be performed until either 
radiologic progression or start of a prohibited treatment:   
• Vital signs: weight, resting heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature. 
• Adverse event (AE) assessment - only adverse events identified by the site investigator to 
be related to radium-223 (i.e. new primary malignancies, chronic myelosuppression, etc.), 
darolutamide, or enzalutamide AEs, SSE-related AEs, and adverse events of special 
interest 
• Review of other anti-cancer therapies 
• Concomitant medication review 


 
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• CBC including hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC with 3-part differential and platelets 
• CMP including glucose, BUN, creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-
Gault), sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, CO2, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, total 
protein, and albumin  
• PSA 
• ALP and LDH 
• Research biomarkers, with optional patient consent, at the next visit following confirmed 
radiographic progression or prior to initiation of a prohibited treatment, whichever occurs 
earlier 
• CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis (preferred modality), given with IV contrast 
unless contraindicated.  An MRI may be used in place of a CT scan.  The same modality 
must be used throughout the study. 
• Bone scan 
• RECIST and PCWG3 assessment 
• Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
• Survival status 
• Enzalutamide or Darolutamide Estimated Compliance  
• Darolutamide Dispensation (if applicable) 
• Darolutamide Accountability (if applicable) 
• The following are required every 48 weeks after C1D1: 
o ECOG performance status 
o ePRO Assessments (FACT-P, FACT-COG) 
o TUG (timed up and go) 
o 12-lead ECG 
 
10.9 
Overall Survival 
Patients that have radiological progression or start a prohibited treatment will be followed every 
6 months (+/- 1 month) after the last Q12-Week Imaging Visit showing progression is performed 
(during RT2 treatment or during follow-up).  
 
Patients will have visits until the required number of events for the primary endpoint has been 
reached or death, whichever comes first.  Patients may be contacted during outpatient visits or by 
telephone and/or chart review.  Subjects continuing on darolutamide may be re-supplied with 
study medications between visits. 
 
The following assessments will be performed: 
• Assessment of bone fractures (AESIs) and SSEs 
• Review of other anti-cancer therapies 
• AE assessment - Only adverse events identified by the site investigator to be related to 
radium-223, enzalutamide, or darolutamide (i.e. new primary malignancies other than 
basal cell carcinoma, chronic myelosuppression, etc.), SSE-related AEs, and adverse 
events of special interest 
• Enzalutamide or Darolutamide Estimated Compliance  


 
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• Darolutamide Dispensation (if applicable) 
• Darolutamide Accountability (if applicable) 
• Survival status 
 
10.10 
End of Study Administrative Assessments 
When patients permanently discontinue the study due to any reason (screen failure, lost to 
follow-up, withdrawn consent, etc.), End of Study Administrative Assessments will capture the 
reason for permanent discontinuation and will record: 
• Reason for Discontinuation 
• Study Disposition 
• For subjects that are still in contact with the site and have not withdrawn consent: AE 
assessment via outpatient visit or by telephone and/or chart review.   
o Adverse events identified by the site investigator to be related to radium-223 (i.e. 
new primary malignancies other than basal cell carcinoma, chronic 
myelosuppression, etc.) or darolutamide, SSE-related AEs, and adverse events of 
special interest. 
• Public Records Search: any Deaths that occur after Early Termination (if known). 
 
10.11 
Lost to Follow-up 
Attempts to locate patients should be documented via phone contacts and certified letter. At least 
three (3) documented phone calls and (1) certified letter should be attempted in an effort to 
reinstate contact. If no response from contact attempts, the patient can be considered lost to 
follow-up. Patients that are lost to follow-up should still be followed for survival status using 
available methods for public records search. The method for search used to confirm death, date 
of death and cause of death (if known) will be entered into the EDC- End of Study Record and 
the public record should be filed to the patient’s eISF PHI folder. 
11. 
DRUG FORMULATION, AVAILABILITY, ADMINISTRATION, AND 
TOXICITY INFORMATION 
11.1 
Radium-223 
Investigational Product Dosage Form and Strength 
Manufacturer 
Radium-223 
1,100 kBq/mL 
Algeta’s Institute for Energy 
Technology 
The alpha-pharmaceutical radium-223 is a ready-to-use, sterile, non-pyrogenic, clear and 
colorless aqueous solution of radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2) for IV administration.  It should 
not be diluted or mixed with any solutions.  Each vial is for a single use only. 
 
Radium-223 is an alpha particle emitter with a physical half-life of 11.4 days.  The product is 
isotonic and has a pH of 6.0-8.0. The radioactive concentration at the reference date is 1,100 
kBq/mL.  The product has a pre-calibration of 14 days.  When administered on a day other than 


 
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the reference day, the volume should be corrected according to the physical decay table 
accompanying each shipment. 
 
 
Labelling, Packaging, and Supply 
Radium-223, is manufactured for Bayer Consumer Care AG by the contract manufacturer Algeta 
Institute for Energy Technology, Isotope Laboratories, Kjeller, Norway.  The product is 
produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).  The product will be delivered in a 
glass vial or pre-filled syringe, ready-to-use with a certified activity.  Radium-223 is shipped in a 
lead container and Type A radioactive package according to international transportation 
guidelines for radioactive materials.   
 
For study sites in the US, it is possible to have patient-ready doses (PRD) prepared by the 
country depot.  Dose will be delivered to the sites in pre-filled syringes.  Both radium-223 and 
placebo syringes will be covered with a label masking the syringe content.   
 
The investigational drug is supplied in single-use vials containing 6 mL of solution at a 
concentration of 1,100 kBq/mL (30 microcurie/mL) with a total radioactivity of 6,600 kBq/vial 
(178 microcurie/vial) at the reference date.  Radium-223 has a shelf life of 28 days from 
production day, when stored at ambient temperature.  The shelf life has been demonstrated for 
temperatures from cold storage (2-8°C) up to 40°C.  In addition, it has been shown that the 
product quality is not jeopardized upon freezing.  The shelf life should not be confused with the 
half-life of Radium-223 which is 11.4 days. 
 
All study drugs will be labeled according to the requirements of local law and legislation.  For all 
study drugs, a system of numbering in accordance with all requirements of GMP will be used, 
ensuring that each dose of study drug can be traced back to the respective bulk ware of the 
ingredients.  
 
General warning 
Radium-223 should be received, used and administered only by authorized persons in designated 
clinical settings.  The receipt, storage, use, transfer and disposal of radium-223 are subject to the 
regulations and/or appropriate licenses of the competent official organization.  Radium-223 
should be handled by the user in a manner which satisfies both radiation safety and 
pharmaceutical quality requirements.  Appropriate aseptic precautions should be taken. 
 
 
Radiation protection 
The administration of radium-223 is associated with potential risks for other persons (e.g., 
medical staff, caregivers, and members of the patient’s family) from radiation or contamination 
from spills of body fluids such as urine, feces, or vomit.  Therefore, radiation protection 
precautions must be taken in accordance with national and local regulations.  Since the study is 
blinded, radiation protection must be in place for patients, blinded staff, and members of the 
patient’s family, even when placebo is administered.   
The immediate packaging will contain a statement to conform with U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA) Investigational New Drug (IND) requirements as follows:  
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All study drugs must be kept in a secure place under appropriate storage conditions.  Storage 
conditions for radium-223 are included on the investigational product label. 
 
 
Preparation and Administration of Radium-223 
11.1.4.1 Dose preparation 
Personnel should use appropriate protective clothing and equipment during syringe filling (if 
applicable) and application to prevent contamination with the radioactive solution (medical 
gloves / protective glasses).  For sites receiving radium-223 in a vial, the individual responsible 
for study drug preparation will draw the correct volume of study drug from the vial into a 
syringe.  The size of the syringe should be chosen according to the applied volume to reach the 
required dosing accuracy.   
Radium-223 should not be diluted or mixed with any solutions.  Do not store above 40°C 
(104°F).  If the vials or pre-filled syringes have been stored in a refrigerator, they should be left 
at room temperature for 1 hour prior to use, since cold material should not be injected in a 
patient.  Store radium-223 in the original container or equivalent radiation shielding.  This 
preparation is approved for use by persons under license by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission 
or the relevant regulatory authority of an Agreement State. 
 
11.1.4.2 Dose administration 
Before administration of study drug, the patient must be well hydrated; the patient should be 
instructed to drink ad libitum.  Aseptic technique should be used in the administration of radium-
223.  The syringe should be handed over to the individual who will perform the injection.  The 
study medication will be administered as a bolus IV injection over approximately 1 minute.   
 
After administration, the equipment used in connection with the preparation and administration 
of drug (including placebo) is to be treated as radioactive waste and should be disposed in 
accordance with local procedure for the handling of radioactive material.  
 
The dosage regimen of radium-223 injection is 55 kBq (1.49 microcurie) per kg body weight, 
given at 4-week intervals.  Safety and efficacy beyond 6 injections with radium-223 have not 
been studied. 
 
The volume to be administered to a given patient should be calculated using the: 
• Patient’s body weight (kg)  
• Dosage level 55 kBq/kg body weight or 1.49 microcurie/kg body weight 
• Radioactivity concentration of the product (1,100 kBq/mL; 30 microcurie/mL) at the 
reference date.   
• Decay correction factor to correct for physical decay of 223Ra. 
 
The total volume to be administered to a patient is calculated by the formula below: 
Volume to be administered (mL) = (Body weight in kg x 55 kBq/kg body weight)/ (Decay factor 
x 1,100 kBq/mL) 
 


 
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The Decay Correction Factor is determined from the Table below: 
 
Decay Correction Factor Table 
Days from Reference 
Date 
Decay Factor 
Days from Reference 
Date 
Decay Factor 
-14 
2.296 
0 
0.982 
-13 
2.161 
1 
0.925 
-12 
2.034 
2 
0.870 
-11 
1.914 
3 
0.819 
-10 
1.802 
4 
0.771 
-9 
1.696 
5 
0.725 
-8 
1.596 
6 
0.683 
-7 
1.502 
7 
0.643 
-6 
1.414 
8 
0.605 
-5 
1.330 
9 
0.569 
-4 
1.252 
10 
0.536 
-3 
1.178 
11 
0.504 
-2 
1.109 
12 
0.475 
-1 
1.044 
13 
0.447 
 
 
14 
0.420 
The Decay Correction Factor Table is corrected to 12 noon Central Standard Time (CST).  To 
determine the decay correction factor, count the number of days before or after the reference 
date.  The Decay Correction Factor Table includes a correction to account for the 7-hour time 
difference between 12 noon Central European Time (CET) at the site of manufacture (Norway) 
as 12 noon US CST, which is 7 hours later than CET.   
Immediately before and after administration, the net patient dose of administered radium-223 
should be determined by measurement in an appropriate radioisotope dose calibrator that has 
been CT and corrected for decay using the date and time of calibration.  The dose calibrator must 
be calibrated with nationally recognized standards, carried out at the time of commissioning, 
after any maintenance procedure that could affect the dosimetry and at intervals not to exceed 
one year.  The dose calibration procedure should be conducted by an unblinded person in a 
location where blinded persons are prohibited entry.  Dose calibration data must be recorded in a 
manner that cannot be viewed by the site investigator or any other study personnel.  Clinical 
monitors must confirm the security of the unblinded procedures and data.  
 
Additional details will be included in the Ra-223/Placebo section of the Study Medication Guide. 
 
 
Precautions and Risks Associated with radium-223 
Please refer to the Xofigo Full Prescribing Information for information regarding precautions and 
risks. 
11.2 
Enzalutamide 
Enzalutamide is to be administered in accordance with the terms of its marketing authorization 
and in accordance with institutional standard of practice.  Subjects randomized to enzalutamide 
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RT2 period. After RT2 period is concluded, it may be continued until no longer providing 
benefit or per site’s standard of care.  Dose reductions are allowed to manage adverse events or 
toxicities.  
 
Subjects will be asked about their compliance taking the prescribed enzalutamide at routine visits 
and will be asked to bring their prescription bottles to clinic visits for verification that 
prescriptions are being filled. 
 
 
Labelling, Packaging, and Supply 
Patients randomized to open-label enzalutamide at R1 will be given a prescription to obtain 
commercial enzalutamide. 
 
11.3 
Darolutamide 
Darolutamide is to be administered in accordance with the terms of its marketing authorization 
with the exception of indication.  Darolutamide is not currently indicated for patients with 
mCRPC. In this study, subjects randomized to darolutamide at R1 will receive 600 mg PO BID 
through the study and will be expected to take darolutamide after R1 during the lead-in RT1 
period and the RT2 period. After RT2 period is concluded, it may be continued until no longer 
providing benefit.  Dose reductions are allowed to manage any adverse events or toxicities. 
 
Subjects will be asked about their compliance taking darolutamide at routine visits and will be 
asked to bring partial and empty dispensed bottles to clinic visits to measure compliance. 
 
 
Labelling, Packaging, and Supply 
Patients randomized to open-label darolutamide at R1 will be provided with darolutamide 
sourced through the study.  
 
Additional details will be included in the darolutamide section of the Study Medication Guide. 
 
 
11.4 
Accountability for All Study Drugs 
The Site Investigator (or designee) is responsible for accountability of all used and unused study 
drugs (Ra-223 or Placebo, and darolutamide only) supplies at the site. 
 
Double-Blinded Drug Accountability 
All study drug inventories for Ra-223 or Placebo must be made available for inspection by the 
(unblinded) Sponsor or its representatives and regulatory agency inspectors upon request. Drug 
accountability data will be collected on electronic forms viewable only by unblinded study staff.   
Any paper records (e.g., shipment forms) will be certified as electronic copies and uploaded to a 
separate unblinded area of the eISF. Accountability data for Ra-223 or Placebo will only be 
assessible by designated/trained unblinded monitor(s) and unblinded study staff.  Documentation 
of IP chain of custody will also be included in the Site’s electronic Investigator Site File archive. 


 
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As the Sponsor, MANA RBM’s unblinded staff will access electronic records to perform checks 
of drug storage, dispensing procedures, and accountability records for Ra-223 or Placebo.   
 
Open-Label Drug Accountability 
All study drug inventories for darolutamide must be made available for inspection by the 
Sponsor or its representatives and regulatory agency inspectors upon request. Drug 
accountability data will be collected on electronic forms.   Any paper records (e.g., shipment 
forms) will be certified as electronic copies and uploaded to the eISF. Documentation of IP chain 
of custody will also be included in the Site’s electronic Investigator Site File archive. As the 
Sponsor, MANA RBM central reviewers will access electronic records to perform checks of 
drug storage, dispensing procedures, and accountability records. Darolutamide accountability 
activity oversight will be performed by the central reviewers and monitor remotely using 
electronic records completed by the study site.  
12. 
RESPONSE EVALUATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS 
Skeletal response will be evaluated using PCWG3 measured by 99Tc bone scan imaging. Soft 
tissue response will be evaluated in this study using RECIST 1.1 (see Appendix D). Soft tissue 
lesions are either measurable or non-measurable according to the criteria.  The term “evaluable” 
in reference to measurability will not be used, as it does not provide additional meaning or 
accuracy. 
 
Radiological progression will be interpreted by local assessment only.  
13. 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
13.1 
Statistical Design 
This is a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, Phase III study of radium-223 plus 
enzalutamide or darolutamide compared to enzalutamide or darolutamide treatment plus placebo.   
 
13.2 
Stratification factors  
The following stratification variables will be used in the RT2 randomization process: 
• 
PSA response (≥90% vs < 90% decline at any time from initiation of RT1) 
• 
ECOG Score 1 or 0 at Pre RT2 visit 
• 
Prior docetaxel use (yes vs no) 
 
13.3 
Sample Size Considerations 
1:1 randomized Phase III study with primary endpoint of SSE-FS  
Assumptions:  based on information provided by Bayer. 
 


 
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• The ERA-223 study (published data) suggests that the median SSE-FS rate for the 
placebo control are is 24 months, as per the Bayer adjustment of -4 months. 
• HR = 0.70 
• Median SSE-FS for enzalutamide of 34.3 months (under the exponential assumption).  
• Two-sided alpha = 0.05  
• Power = 0.80 
• Cumulative drop-out rate by the end of the study = 10%   
 
 
 
Therefore:  
Power  
Recruitment 
Period 
(months)  
Follow-up 
Period (months)  
Expected Number 
of Events  
Total Number 
of Patients 
Randomized at 
R2 
80%  
18  
32  
246 
414 
 
No interim analysis for efficacy or futility is being planned.  
 
Fifty nine percent of patients randomized would be expected to contribute with an event. 
Under the expectation that 83% [ per Bayer] of RT1 patients would have a ≥ 30% decrease in 
PSA within 12 weeks, then a total of 499 patients would be involved in the first randomization 
(RT1), to yield the 414 patients needed for the second randomization (RT2). 
13.4 
Analysis Population 
The following analysis populations will be used: 
•  Full Analysis Set is defined as all patients randomized.  Patients will be included in the 
treatment group to which they were randomized, following the intent-to-treat principle. 
• Safety Analysis Set is defined as all randomized patients who have received at least one 
dose of at least one of the study treatments (enzalutamide, darolutamide, radium-223 or 
placebo).  Patients will be included in the treatment group in which they have been 
actually treated.   
13.5 
Data Analysis 
Descriptive statistics, including mean, median, standard deviations and ranges for all continuous 
measures will be tabulated and reported.  Percentages and frequencies for all categorical 
measures will also be presented.  Time-to-events endpoints will be reported using Kaplan-Meier 
estimates, with 95% CI for median time-to-event. 
 
 
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics 
Demographic and disease characteristics prior to lead in treatment as well as prior to 
randomization will be summarized in order to assess the comparability of the treatment groups 


 
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descriptively.  Data to be tabulated will include demographic features such as age, ethnicity, 
race, and highest level of education as well as disease-specific characteristics. 
 
The number and percentages of patients screened, treated in the lead-in portion, randomized, 
who received randomized study drug treatment, and who were withdrawn from treatment/study 
for any reasons will be presented overall and also by treatment group. 
 
 
Efficacy Analysis 
All efficacy analyses will be performed using the Full Analysis Set. 
 
The SSE-FS, rPFS, time to total ALP progression, time to first skeletal progression, time to LDH 
progression, time to chemotherapy, and overall survival will be compared between the two arms 
using a stratified log-rank test with the same stratification factors as for randomization.  The HR 
(radium-223 dichloride / placebo) will be computed together with the 2-sided 95% CI using a 
Cox regression model stratified by the same factors.  Kaplan-Meier estimates and plots for both 
treatment groups will be produced to accompany these analyses.   
 
The median, 2- and 3-year event free rates with associated 95% CI will be generated. Additional 
details, including detailed censoring rules for these endpoints will be described in a separate 
statistical analysis plan (SAP).  For ALP and LDH response rate, the estimates and associated 
95% CI (Clopper et al. 1934), in each treatment group will be calculated.  The absolute and 
relative difference in rate estimates between the two treatment groups will also be presented. 
 
 
Safety Analysis 
Safety will be assessed through the analysis of the reported incidence of treatment-emergent 
AEs.  Treatment-emergent AEs are those with an onset on or after the initiation of therapy after 
randomization 1 and will be graded according to NCI CTCAE 5.0.  A copy of CTCAE scoring 
system may be downloaded from: 
https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/CTCAE_v5_Quick_R
eference_8.5x11.pdf. 
 
The AEs will be coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) and 
summarized using system organ class and preferred term by treatment group for all patients in 
the Safety Analysis Set.  In addition, summaries of SAEs, AEs leading to treatment 
discontinuation, AEs by maximum NCI CTCAE grade, and AEs related to study treatment will 
also be presented by treatment group. 
 
Other safety endpoints, including laboratory results and vital signs findings, will be summarized 
for all patients in the Safety Analysis Set.  
 
Concomitant medications will be coded using the World Health Organization Drug Dictionary 
and they will be listed and summarized by treatment group for the Safety Analysis Set. 


 
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13.6 
Analysis Time Points 
 
Planned Interim Analyses 
Interim analyses to compare the safety and cognitive function of enzalutamide and darolutamide 
after RT1 randomization through 12 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide (prior to RT2) is 
planned. The details and timing of the planned interim analyses will be fully described in the 
Statistical Analysis Plan. 
 
After 25% of patients complete Randomization 2 and are followed for 9 months, a safety analysis 
focusing on fractures and death between the blinded arms, with and without radium-223 will be carried 
out by the IDMC. 
 
 
Final Analysis 
The final analysis of the study will occur after the last visit of the last patient. 
13.7 
Primary Completion Date 
The primary completion date is defined as the date on which the last participant in the study was 
examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure.  
Whether the clinical study ends according to the protocol or is terminated early does not affect 
this date.   
13.8 
Independent Data Monitoring Committee 
An independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) will be formed for this study.  
The specific roles and responsibilities of the IDMC and its members will be documented and 
described in a separate document. 
 
Special analyses of rates of falls, seizures, cardiovascular events (MI’s, sudden death, angina, 
hypertension, heart failure), fatigue, and neurocognitive decline will be evaluated as part of the 
IDMC safety evaluation. 
 
13.9 
Steering Committee 
The Steering Committee will be chaired by Dr. Neal Shore, Study Lead-Principal Investigator. 
The specific roles and responsibilities of the Steering Committee and its members will be 
documented and described in a separate document. 
14. 
SAFETY REPORTING AND ANALYSES 
Safety assessments will consist of monitoring and recording AEs, AESIs and SAEs, 
measurement of protocol-specified hematology and clinical chemistry variables, measurement of 
protocol-specified vital signs, and other protocol-specified tests that are deemed critical to the 
safety evaluation of the study drug. 
 


 
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The Site Investigator is responsible for recognizing and reporting AEs using the electronic data 
collection system.  It is the Sponsor’s responsibility to report SUSARs to the applicable local, 
national, or international regulatory bodies.  In addition, Site Investigators must report SAEs and 
follow-up information to their responsible IRB according to the policies of that IRB.  
The Site Investigator is also responsible for ensuring that every staff member involved in the 
study is familiar with the content of this section. 
14.1 
Definitions   
 
Adverse Events 
Adverse event means any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans, whether or not considered drug-related.  An adverse event (also known as adverse 
experience) can be any unfavorable and unintended sign (e.g., an abnormal laboratory finding), 
symptom, or disease temporarily associated with the use of a drug, without any judgment about 
causality.  An adverse event can arise with any use of the drug (e.g., off-label use, use in 
combination with another drug) and with any route of administration, formulation, or dose 
including overdose. 
 
 
Adverse Events of Special Interest 
Adverse events of special interest (AESIs) are events of scientific and clinical interest specific to 
the safety profile of the study treatment regimen and may require close safety monitoring, 
reporting of events within 24 hours of the first knowledge of the event by the treating physician 
or research personnel, and will be considered in all safety analyses.  An AESI may be either a 
serious or non-serious event.   
 
Adverse events of special interest for the combination of radium-223 plus enzalutamide or 
darolutamide in mCRPC patients include bone fractures.  Appropriate efforts should be made to 
rule out disease progression or other etiologic cause of the AESI.  If the Site Investigator has any 
questions regarding an AE being an AESI, they should immediately contact the Medical 
Monitor.  These will be collected for the duration of the study, even after the patient has 
discontinued therapy.  
 
Adverse events of special interest observed in this study include: 
• All bone fractures, either pathologic or non-pathologic.  


 
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Serious Adverse Event 
An AE or a suspected adverse reaction (SAR) is considered “serious” if it results in any of the 
following outcomes: 
• Death 
• A life-threatening AE 
• Inpatient hospitalization of at least 24 hours or prolongation of existing hospitalization 
• A persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct 
normal life functions 
• A congenital anomaly/birth defect. 
 
Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require 
hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they 
may jeopardize the patient and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the 
outcomes listed in this definition.  Examples of such medical events include allergic 
bronchospasm requiring intensive treatment in an emergency room or at home, blood dyscrasias 
or convulsions that do not result in hospitalization, or development of drug dependency or drug 
abuse.   
 
It is important to distinguish between “serious” and “severe” AEs, as the terms are not 
synonymous.  “Severity” is a measure of intensity; however, an AE of severe intensity need not 
necessarily be considered serious.  Seriousness serves as the guide for defining regulatory 
reporting obligations.  “Serious” is a regulatory definition and is based on patient/event outcome 
or action usually associated with events that pose a threat to a patient’s life or vital functions.  
For example, nausea which persists for several hours may be considered severe nausea but may 
not be considered an SAE.  On the other hand, a stroke which results in only a limited degree of 
disability may be considered only a mild stroke but would be considered an SAE.  Severity and 
seriousness should be independently assessed when recording AEs on the eCRF and SAEs on the 
SAE Report Form.   
 
All SAEs will be reported to the FDA upon completion of the study in the final study report. 
 
 
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSAR) 
MANA RBM will be responsible for determining whether the SAE meets the criteria for a 
SUSAR and will report any relevant potential SUSARs to Bayer Consumer Care AG (Ra-223 or 
darolutamide) or the FDA (enzalutamide). 
14.2 
Recording and Reporting of Adverse Events 
 
Recording of Adverse Events 
All AEs  and SAEs of any patient during the course of the research study will be recorded in 
the EDC, and the Site Investigator will give his or her opinion as to the relationship of the AE 
to the study drug treatment (i.e., whether the event is related or unrelated to study drug 
administration and the drug that is suspected, if related).   
 


 
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All AEs should be documented.  A description of the event, including its date of onset and 
resolution, whether it constitutes an SAE or not, any action taken (e.g., changes to study 
treatment), and outcome, should be provided, along with the Site Investigator’s assessment of 
causality (i.e., the relationship to the study treatment[s]).  For an AE to be a suspected 
treatment-related event there should be at least a reasonable possibility of a causal relationship 
between the protocol treatment and the AE.  Adverse events will be graded according to the 
NCI CTCAE v5.0, and changes will be documented. 
 
Serious Adverse Events will be reported by the research sites using the EDC system within 24 
hours of the site being notified of the SAE. MANA RBM will evaluate each SAE to determine 
whether it meets the criteria for a SUSAR.   All SAEs will be reported in the Clinical Study 
Report at the end of the study.  SUSARs will be immediately reported to the FDA (and Bayer 
Consumer Care AG for those related to Ra-223 or darolutamide).  Death related to disease 
progression is not considered a SAE and will be reported as part of the overall survival 
assessment. 
 
Other untoward events occurring in the framework of a clinical study are to be recorded as 
AEs (i.e., AEs that occur prior to assignment of study treatment that are related to a protocol-
mandated intervention, including invasive procedures such as biopsies, medication washout, 
or no treatment run-in). 
 
Any clinically significant signs and symptoms, abnormal test findings, changes in physical 
examination; hypersensitivity; and other measurements that occur will be reported as an AE 
and collected on the relevant eCRF screen. 
 
Test findings will be reported as an AE if: the test result requires an adjustment in the study 
drug(s) or discontinuation of treatment, and/ or test findings require additional testing or 
surgical intervention, a test result or finding is associated with accompanying symptoms, or a 
test result that is clinically significant by the Site Investigator is considered to be an AE. 
 
 
 
Reporting Period for Adverse Events 
All AEs will be reported regardless of seriousness or relationship to radium-223 or placebo 
treatment or enzalutamide/darolutamide, spanning from the period from signing the informed 
consent until 30 calendar days after discontinuation of these treatments (whichever is 
discontinued last).  
 
All AEs resulting in discontinuation from the study should be followed until resolution or 
stabilization.  All new AEs occurring during this period must be reported and followed until 
resolution unless, in the opinion of the Site Investigator, the AE or laboratory abnormality is/ 
are not likely to improve because of an underlying disease.  In this case, the Site Investigators 
must record his or her reasoning for this decision in the patient’s medical record and as a 
comment on the eCRF screen.   
 


 
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After 30 days following completion of protocol-specific treatment or discontinuation (end of 
study drug visit), AEs, SAEs, or deaths assessed by the Site Investigator as treatment-related 
are to be reported.  In addition, AESIs and SSE-related AEs (e.g. bone pain requiring EBRT) 
are to be reported. 
 
SSEs and AESIs are reported throughout the study.  These are the only adverse events to be 
reported after the final end of study drug visit. 
 
 
Assessment of Adverse Events 
All AEs and SAEs whether volunteered by the patient, discovered by study personnel during 
questioning; or detected through physical examination, laboratory test, or other means, will be 
reported appropriately.  Each reported AE or SAE will be described by its duration (i.e., start 
and end dates), severity, regulatory seriousness criteria if applicable, suspected relationship to 
the study drug (see following guidance), and actions taken. 
 
To ensure consistency of AE and SAE causality assessments, Site Investigators should apply 
the following general guideline: 
 
YES:  There is a plausible temporal relationship between the onset of the AE and 
administration of the study medication, and the AE cannot be readily explained by the 
patient’s clinical state, intercurrent illness, or concomitant therapies; and/or the AE follows a 
known pattern of response to the study drug; and/or the AE abates or resolves upon 
discontinuation of the study drug or dose reduction and, if applicable, reappears upon re-
challenge. 
 
NO:  Evidence exists that the AE has an etiology other than the study drug (e.g., pre-existing 
medical condition, underlying disease, intercurrent illness, or concomitant medication), and/or 
the AE has no plausible temporal relationship to study drug administration (e.g., cancer 
diagnosed 2 days after first dose of study drug). 
 
14.3 
Recording and Reporting of Adverse Events of Special Interest 
All AESIs and SSEs regardless of seriousness or relationship to the study medications, spanning 
from the start of randomized study treatments until the subject completes the study are to be 
reported using the EDC system within 24 hours of the first knowledge of the event by the 
treating physician or research personnel.  Additional data will be collected for all AESI. 
14.4 
Recording of Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events 
 
Diagnosis versus Signs and Symptoms 
All AEs should be recorded individually in the patient’s own words (verbatim) unless, in the 
opinion of the Site Investigator or designated physician, the AEs constitute components of a 
recognized condition, disease, or syndrome.  In the latter case, the condition, disease, or 
syndrome should be named rather than each individual sign or symptom.  If a constellation of 
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the time of reporting, each individual event should be recorded as an AE or SAE as appropriate 
on the relevant form(s) in the EDC.  If a diagnosis is subsequently established, it should be 
reported as follow-up information is available.  If a diagnosis is determined subsequent to the 
reporting of the constellation of symptoms, the signs/symptoms should be updated to reflect the 
diagnosis. 
 
Progression of malignancy (including fatal outcomes), if documented by use of appropriate 
method, should not be reported as an SAE. 
 
 
Persistent or Recurrent Adverse Events 
A persistent AE is one that extends continuously, without resolution, between patient evaluation 
time points.  Such events should only be recorded once on the SAE Report Form and/or the AE 
eCRF screen.  If a persistent AE becomes more severe or lessens in severity, it should be 
recorded on a separate AE or SAE with the relevant change in severity captured in the EDC.  
A recurrent AE is one that occurs and resolves between patient evaluation time points and 
subsequently recurs.  Each instance of the AE should be recorded with appropriate start and stop 
dates in the EDC. 
 
 
Abnormal Laboratory Values 
If an abnormal laboratory value or vital sign is associated with clinical signs and/or symptoms, 
the sign or symptom should be reported as an AE or SAE, and the associated laboratory value or 
vital sign should be considered additional information that must be collected on the relevant 
eCRF screen.  If the laboratory abnormality is a sign of a disease or syndrome, only the diagnosis 
needs to be recorded on the SAE Report Form or AE eCRF screen. All ≥CTCAE Grade 2 will be 
flagged for review of clinical significance by site investigator.  
 
Abnormal laboratory values will be reported as an AE if laboratory result or finding is associated 
with accompanying symptoms, laboratory result is ≥CTCAE Grade 3, or is considered to be 
clinically significant by the Site Investigator. 
 
 
Abnormal laboratory values will also be reported as an AE if laboratory result requires:  
• adjustment in the study drug(s) 
• discontinuation of treatment 
• additional testing, or 
• surgical intervention 
 
 
Deaths 
Deaths that occur during the protocol-specified AE reporting period that are attributed by the Site 
Investigator solely to progression of disease will be recorded on the “End of Study” eCRF 
screen.  All other on-study deaths, regardless of attribution, that occur within the protocol-


 
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specified AE reporting period will be recorded on an SAE Report Form within the EDC within 
24 hours of being notified of the death.  
 
When recording a SAE with an outcome of death, the event or condition that caused or 
contributed to the fatal outcome should be recorded as the single medical concept on the 
AE/SAE Report Form in the EDC.  If the cause of death is unknown and cannot be ascertained at 
the time of reporting, record “Death NOS” on the eCRF Adverse Event screen.  
  
 
Hospitalization, Prolonged Hospitalization, or Surgery 
Any AE that results in hospitalization of >24 hours or prolongation of pre-existing 
hospitalization should be documented and reported as an SAE unless specifically instructed 
otherwise in this protocol.  There are some hospitalizations that do not require reporting as an 
SAE. 
Treatment within or admission to the following facilities is not considered to meet the criteria of 
“inpatient hospitalization” (although if any other SAE criteria are met, the event must still be 
treated as an SAE and immediately reported): 
• Emergency department or emergency room 
• Outpatient or same-day surgery units 
• Observation or short-stay unit 
• Rehabilitation facility 
• Hospice or skilled nursing facility 
• Nursing homes, custodial care or respite care facility 
 
Hospitalization during the study for a pre-planned surgical or medical procedure (one which was 
planned prior to entry in the study), does not require reporting as an SAE. 
 
 
Pre-Existing Medical Conditions 
A pre-existing medical condition is one that is present at the start of the study.  Such conditions 
should be recorded on the Medical History eCRF page.   A pre-existing medical condition should 
be recorded as an AE or SAE only if the frequency, severity, or character of the condition 
worsens during the study.  When recording such events on the AE/ SAE EDC Case Report Form, 
it is important to convey the concept that the pre-existing condition has changed by including 
applicable descriptors. 
 
 
New Cancers 
The development of a new primary cancer, other than non-melanoma skin cancer, should be 
regarded as an SAE and will generally meet at least one of the seriousness criteria.  These will be 
collected for the duration of the study, even after treatment discontinuation.  New primary 
cancers are those that are not the primary reason for the administration of the study treatment and 
have developed after the inclusion of the patient into the study.  They do not include metastases 
of the original cancer.   
 


 
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Radium-223 Overdose 
Symptomatic and non-symptomatic overdose must be reported in the eCRF.  Any accidental or 
intentional overdose with the study treatment that is symptomatic, even if not fulfilling a 
seriousness criterion, is to be reported to the Medical Monitor no greater than 24 hours from first 
knowledge of the event using the corresponding screens in the eCRF and following the same 
process described for SAE reporting if the overdose is symptomatic. 
 
For information on how to manage an overdose of radium-223, see the Ra-223 Full Prescribing 
Information. 
 
14.5 
Sponsor Serious Adverse Event Reporting Requirements 
MANA RBM will forward all SUSARs within 7 days of identifying an SAE meeting the SUSAR 
criteria to Bayer Pharmacovigilance Department for darolutamide or Ra-223.  Bayer Consumer 
Care AG will be notified by automatic email notification of any reported SAEs entered into the 
EDC.   SUSARs related to enzalutamide will be reported directly to the FDA. 
   
Bayer AG will be responsible for reporting relevant SUSARs to the competent authority, other 
applicable regulatory authorities, and participating Site Investigators, in accordance with 
International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, FDA regulations, and/or local 
regulatory requirements.   
 
All SAEs will be reported by MANA RBM to the IRB and a final summary of all SAEs will be 
provided in the Clinical Study Report. 
 
 
Sponsor Assessment of Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions 
Known as Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSARs), these events suspected 
(by the Site Investigator or Sponsor) to be related to the study drug, are unexpected (not listed in 
the IB or USPI), and are serious (as defined by the protocol) and require expedient submission to 
relevant health authorities within 7 days (fatal or life-threatening event) or 15 days (all serious 
events), or as defined by law.   
 
The Sponsor is responsible for final determination of whether a SAE is as “unexpected.”  MANA 
RBM will forward all SUSARs for Ra-233 or darolutamide to Bayer Consumer Care AG. All 
Ra-223 SUSARs will be unblinded to treatment. MANA RBM will forward all SUSARs within 
7 days of identifying an SAE meeting the SUSAR criteria.   
 
Bayer AG will be responsible for reporting relevant SUSARs to the competent authority, other 
applicable regulatory authorities, and participating Site Investigators, in accordance with 
International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, FDA regulations, and/or local 
regulatory requirements.   
 


 
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Sponsor Reporting for Clinical Studies Under an Investigational New Drug 
Application 
Any written IND Safety Reports will be submitted to the FDA by the MANA RBM.  Copies will 
be provided by email to Bayer Consumer Care AG. 
15. 
ETHICAL, FINANCIAL, AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 
This research study will be conducted according to the standards of Good Clinical Practice 
outlined in the ICH E6(R2) Tripartite Guideline and CFR Title 21 part 312, applicable 
government regulations, institutional research policies and procedures and any other local 
applicable regulatory requirement(s). 
15.1 
Institutional Review Board Approval 
The clinical study protocol, ICF, patient documents (e.g., ePRO), patient recruitment procedures 
(e.g., advertisements), information about payments and compensation available to the patients, 
and documentation evidencing the Site Investigator’s qualifications should be submitted to the 
IRB for ethical review and approval if required by local regulations, prior to the study start. 
 
The Site Investigator/Sponsor and/or designee will follow all necessary regulations to ensure 
appropriate, initial, and on-going IRB study review.  The Site Investigator/Sponsor (as 
appropriate) must submit and, where necessary, obtain approval from the IRB for all subsequent 
protocol amendments and changes to the informed consent document.  Site Investigators will be 
advised by the Sponsor or designee whether an amendment is considered substantial or non-
substantial and whether it requires submission for approval or notification only to an IRB. 
Safety updates for radium-223 and darolutamide will be prepared by the Bayer Consumer Care 
AG and distributed by MANA RBM to the Site Investigators and relevant IRB.  
15.2 
Regulatory Approval 
As required by local regulations, the Sponsor will ensure all legal aspects are covered, and 
approval of the appropriate regulatory bodies obtained, prior to study initiation.  If required, the 
Sponsor will also ensure that the implementation of substantial amendments to the protocol and 
other relevant study documents happen only after approval by the relevant regulatory authorities. 
15.3 
Informed Consent 
Informed consent is a process by which a patient voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to 
participate in a particular study after having been informed of all aspects of the study that are 
relevant to the patient’s decision to participate.  Informed consent is documented by means of a 
written, signed, and dated ICF. 
 
An electronic informed consent (eConsent) will be used except in extenuating circumstances 
(e.g., if the internet is not functioning at the time the patient must sign the consent). The ICF, 
including translations, will be submitted for approval to the IRB that is responsible for review 
and approval of the study.  Each consent form must include all of the relevant elements currently 


 
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required by the FDA, as well as local county authority or state regulations and national 
requirements. 
 
Before screening into the study, each prospective candidate will be given a full explanation of 
the research study.  Once the essential information has been provided to the prospective 
candidate, and the Site Investigator (or designee) is sure that the individual candidate 
understands the implications of participating in this research study, the candidate will be asked to 
give consent to participate in the study by signing an ICF.  A copy of the ICF, to include the 
patient’s signature, will be provided by the Site Investigator (or designee) to the patient. 
 
Patients will be given the option to participate in the collection of biomarker samples for 
research.  Patients can participate in the main study and opt out of the collection of biomarker 
samples for research.  Patients can withdraw approval for participating in the research samples at 
any time.  Patients can withdraw consent to main study or biorepository sampling, at any time.  
All data and documents collected between when the informed consent was signed by the patient 
and when the patient withdraws consent will remain in the study databases. 
 
If an amendment to the protocol substantially alters the study design or the potential risks to 
patients, each ongoing patient’s consent to continue participation in the study should be obtained. 
15.4 
Patient Confidentiality 
Confidentiality of patient’s personal data stored in the eISF or eSource limited-access sections 
containing protected health information (PHI) will be protected in accordance with the Health 
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).  HIPAA regulations require that, 
in order to participate in the study, as part of the informed consent process, the patient must sign 
an authorization form for the study that he or she has been informed of the following: 
• What PHI will be collected from patients in this study 
• Who will have access to that information and why? 
• Who will use or disclose that information? 
• That health information may be further disclosed by the recipients of the information, and 
that if the information is disclosed the information may no longer be protected by federal 
or state privacy laws 
• The information collected about the research study will be kept separate from the 
patient’s medical records, but the patient will be able to obtain the research records after 
the conclusion of the study 
• Whether the authorization contains an expiration date 
• The rights of a research patient to revoke his or her authorization 
 
In the event that a patient revokes authorization to collect or use his or her PHI, the Site 
Investigator, by regulation, retains the ability to use all information collected prior to the 
revocation of patient authorization.  For patients that have revoked authorization to collect or use 
PHI, attempts should be made to obtain permission to collect at least vital status (i.e., that the 
patient is alive) during the Overall Survival phase of the study. 
 


 
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In compliance with ICH GCP guidelines and applicable parts of 21 CFR it is a requirement that 
the Site Investigator and institution permit authorized representatives of the Sponsor, the 
regulatory authorities and the IRB direct access to review the patient’s original medical records 
at the site for verification of study-related procedures and data.  
 
Measures to protect confidentiality include identification of subjects by using a unique subject 
ID that will identify patients in the eCRF or other documents submitted to the Sponsor.  This 
information, together with the patient’s year of birth, will be used in the database for patient 
identification.  Patient names or addresses will not be entered in the eCRF portions that are 
accessible to non-site study personnel.  No material bearing a patient’s name or other PHI will be 
transmitted to Bayer Consumer Care AG.  Patients will be informed of their rights within the 
ICF. 
15.5 
Site Investigator and Staff Information 
Professional data of the Site Investigators and sub-Investigators may be included in the MANA 
RBM database and shall be treated in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.  
When archiving or processing personal data pertaining to the Site Investigator or sub 
Investigator, MANA RBM shall take all appropriate measures to safeguard and prevent access to 
this data by any unauthorized party. 
15.6 
Financial Information 
The finances for this clinical study will be subject to a separate written agreement between 
MANA Consulting LLC d/b/a MANA RBM, and/or CUSP and applicable parties.  Any Site 
Investigator financial disclosures as applicable to 21CFR Part 54 shall be appropriately provided. 
16. 
RESEARCH RETENTION AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE STUDY 
16.1 
Amendments to the Protocol 
Amendments to the protocol shall be planned, documented, and signature-authorized prior to 
implementation. 
 
If an amendment to the protocol is required, the amendment will be originated and documented 
by the Sponsor.  All amendments require review and approval of all pharmaceutical companies 
and the Study Lead-Principal Investigator supporting the study.  The written amendment must be 
reviewed and approved by the Sponsor and submitted to the IRB at the Site Investigator’s facility 
for the board’s approval. 
 
Amendments specifically involving change to study design, risk to patient, increase to dosing or 
exposure, patient number increase, or addition or removal of new tests or procedures, shall be 
reviewed and approved by the IRB of record for the Site Investigator’s facility. 
The amendment will be submitted formally to the FDA or other regulatory authorities by the 
Sponsor as applicable, and IRB approval obtained, specifically when an increase to dosing or 
patient exposure and/or patient number has been proposed.  
 


 
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Items requiring a protocol amendment approval from IRB and/or FDA or other regulatory 
authorities include, but are not limited to, the following: 
• Change to study design 
• Increased risk to subjects 
• Increase to dose or patient exposure to drug 
• Patient number increase 
• Addition of tests and/or procedures 
 
It should be further noted that if an amendment to the protocol substantially alters the study 
design or the potential risks to the patients as determined by the IRB, a revision to the ICF and 
their consent to continue participation in the study should be obtained. 
16.2 
Documentation Required to Initiate the Study 
Before the study may begin certain documentation required by FDA regulations and ICH GCP 
must be provided by the Site Investigator.  The required documentation will be provided in 
electronic format or as certified electronic documents and stored in the Site’s electronic 
Investigator Site File (eISF) 
Documents required to begin a study in the US include, but are not limited to, at a minimum, the 
following: 
• A signed protocol signature page and contract 
• A copy of the official IRB approval of the study and the IRB members list 
• Current curricula vitae for the Site Investigator and any Sub-Investigator(s) who will be 
involved in the study 
• Appropriate nuclear medicine licensing 
• Indication of appropriate accreditation for any laboratories to be used in the study and a 
copy of the normal ranges for tests to be performed by that laboratory 
• Original Form FDA 1572 (Statement of Investigator), appropriately completed and 
signed 
• A copy of the IRB-approved consent form (and patient information sheet, if applicable) 
containing permission for audit by representatives of MANA RBM, the IRB, and the 
FDA and other regulatory agencies (as applicable) 
• Financial disclosure forms for all Site Investigators listed on Form FDA 1572 
• Site qualification reports, where applicable 
• Verification of Site Investigator acceptability from local and/or national debarment list(s)  
16.3 
Study Documentation and Storage 
All documents for the trial will be stored in an electronic Investigator Site File or electronic Trial 
Master File.   
 
Documentation of staff associated with the trial, training, delegation of duties, and access to all 
electronic systems will be collected electronically using the Site Tracker Analyzing Risk (STAR 
database).   
 


 
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All data collected de novo for the trial will be entered directly into the electronic source system 
(eSource) using the principles of ALCOA (attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, and 
accurate).  The entry of subject data contemporaneous with subject visits aligns with the FDA 
Guidance on electronic Source and ICHE6(2). 
 
Source documents such as medical history, lab reports, and other documents needed to confirm 
inclusion criteria, safety, or efficacy that reside in another location may be uploaded as certified 
electronic copies and stored in the PHI protected section of the eISF, available only to the Site 
and individuals identified in the Informed Consent.  
 
The eISF should will contain as a minimum all relevant documents and correspondence as 
outlined in ICH GCP Section 8 and 21 CFR Part 312.57.  
 
Drug accountability records will be collected electronically and will contain information 
regarding receipt, dosing, lot number, and disposition.  They will be archived in the site’s eISF. 
 
The Sponsor shall maintain adequate investigational product records and financial interest 
records as per 21CFR Part 54.6 and Part 312.57 for no less than 2 years after the last marketing 
application has been approved by the FDA; or, in the event that the marketing application has not 
been approved by the FDA, for no less than 2 years after the last shipment / delivery of the drug 
for investigational use is discontinued and the FDA has been notified of the discontinuation. 
 
The IRB shall maintain adequate documentation/records of IRB activities as per 21CFR Part 
56.115 for at least 3 years after completion of the research. 
 
The Site Investigator shall maintain adequate records of drug disposition, case histories, and any 
other study-related records as per 21 CFR Part 312.62 for no less than 2 years after the last 
marketing application has been approved by the FDA; or, in the event that the marketing 
application has not been approved by the FDA, for no less than 2 years after the last 
shipment/delivery of the drug for investigational use is discontinued and the FDA has been 
notified of the discontinuation. 
 
To enable evaluations and/or audits from regulatory authorities or from the Sponsor or its 
representative, the Site Investigator additionally agrees to keep records, including the identity of 
all participating patients (sufficient information to link records e.g., eCRFs, medical records).  
Informed consents will be collected electronically and will be archived in the eISF. The 
documents listed above must be retained by the Site Investigator for as long as needed to comply 
with national and international regulations (generally 2 years after discontinuing clinical 
development or after the last marketing approval).   
 
If the Site Investigator relocates, retires, or for any reason withdraws from the study, both the 
Sponsor and its representative should be prospectively notified.  The study records must be 
transferred to an acceptable designee, such as another Site Investigator, another institution, or to 
the Sponsor.    All study files will be maintained by the Sponsor throughout the study and will be 
transferred to Bayer Consumer Care AG at the conclusion of the study. Note any patient-related 


 
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data containing PHI will only be stored in the eISF and will not be provided to Bayer Consumer 
Care AG. 
16.4 
Data Collection 
The study eCRF is the primary data collection instrument for the study. The eCRF, and all data 
collection tools are validated. Systems and processes align with 21 CFR Part 11.  Case report 
forms will be completed using the English language.  For data collected de novo for the study 
will be entered as direct data capture. Patient reported outcomes, cognitive testing, and informed 
consents will be provided in English and Spanish. 
 
In order to maintain confidentiality, only subject ID and year of  birth will identify the patient in 
the eCRF.  All documents containing PHI will be stored as certified copies in a special restricted 
access section of the Site’s electronic Investigator Site File or the site’s protected portion of the 
eSource (EDC) system.  Only individuals with the roles described in the informed consent and 
the Site staff will have access to the data and files containing PHI.   
 
The Site Investigator may file a personal patient identification list (Subject IDs with 
corresponding patient identifiers) in the PHI section of the eISF to enable records to be identified 
and verified as authentic.  Patient data/information will be kept confidential, and will be 
managed according to applicable local, state, and federal regulations. 
 
At the end of the study or at the end of a patient’s participation, the Site Investigator will 
electronically sign and date the patient eCRF casebook indicating that the data in the eCRF has 
been reviewed and approved by the Site Investigator.   
16.5 
Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting 
The study will be monitored using a remote Risk Based Monitoring Approach (MANA Method) 
as described in Appendix E. 
 
The Site Investigator will permit study-related monitoring, quality audits, and inspections by the 
Sponsor or its representative(s), government regulatory authorities, and the IRB of all study-
related documents (e.g., source documents, regulatory documents, data collection instruments, 
case report forms).  The Site Investigator will ensure the capability for inspections of applicable 
study-related facilities.  The Site Investigator will ensure that the study monitor, or any other 
compliance or Quality Assurance reviewer is given access to all study-related documents and 
study-related facilities. 
 
Participation as a Site Investigator in this study implies the acceptance of potential inspection by 
government regulatory authorities, the Sponsor or its representative(s). 
16.6 
Quality Assurance and Quality Control 
Each study site shall be required to have Table of Contents of Standard Operating Procedures to 
define and ensure quality assurance/control processes for study conduct, safety reporting, 
handling radiopharmaceutical, data generation and collection, recording of data/documentation 


 
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and reporting according to the protocol, GCP and any applicable local, national or international 
regulations. 
16.7 
Disclosure and Publication Policy 
All information provided regarding the study, as well as all information collected/documented 
during the course of the study, will be regarded as confidential.  The Sponsor reserves the right 
to release literature publications based on the results of the study.  Results from the study will be 
published/presented as per the Sponsor’s publication strategy. 


 
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17. 
REFERENCES 
Alibhai et al. 2010 
Alibhai SM, Breunis H, Timilshina N, et al. Impact of androgen-deprivation therapy on cognitive 
function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28: 5030-5037. 
 
Armstrong et al. 2018 
Armstrong AJ, Lin P, Higano CS et al. Prognostic Association of Prostate-specific Antigen 
Decline with Clinical Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer 
Treated with Enzalutamide in a Randomized Clinical Trial. Eur Urol Oncol 2018; 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2018.11.005.  
 
Beer et al. 2014 
Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf D et al. Enzalutamide in Men with Chemotherapy-naïve 
Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Extended Analysis of the Phase 3 PREVAIL 
Study. Eur Urol. 2017; 71: 151–154. 
Clopper et al. 1934 
Clopper C and Pearson ES. The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of 
binomial. Biometrika 1934; 26: 404-413. 
Ferlay et al. 2015 
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, 
methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015; 136: E359-86. 
 
Flaig et al. 2016 
Flaig TW, Potluri RC, Ng Y, et al. Treatment evolution for metastatic castration‐resistant 
prostate cancer with recent introduction of novel agents: retrospective analysis of real‐world 
data. Cancer Med. 2016 Feb; 5(2): 182–191. 
 
Hussain et al. 2018 
Hussain M, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. PROSPER: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo 
(PBO)-controlled study of enzalutamide (ENZA) in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant 
prostate cancer (M0 CRPC). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36: 3. 


 
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Jim et al. 2010 
Jim HS, Small BJ, Patterson S, Salup R, Jacobsen PB. Cognitive impairment in men treated with 
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison. 
Support Care Cancer. 2010;18: 21-27. 
 
Joly et al. 2006 
Joly F, Alibhai SM, Galica J, et al. Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on physical and 
cognitive function, as well as quality of life of patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J 
Urol. 2006;176: 2443-2447. 
 
McGinty et al. 2014 
McGinty HL, Phillips KM, Jim HS, et al. Cognitive functioning in men receiving androgen 
deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care 
Cancer. 2014;22: 2271-2280. 
 
Nead et al. 2016 
Nead KT, Gaskin G, Chester C, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Future Alzheimer’s 
Disease Risk. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34: 566-571. 
 
Parker et al. 2013 
Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic 
prostate cancer. New Engl J Med. 2013; 269: 213-223.  
Ryan et al. 2011 
Ryan CJ1, Shah S, Efstathiou E, et al. Phase II study of abiraterone acetate in chemotherapy-
I metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer displaying bone flare discordant with serologic 
response. Clin Cancer Res. 2011; 17: 4854-4861. 
Scher et al. 2012 
Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, de Wit R, Mulders P, Chi 
KN, Shore ND, Armstrong AJ, Flaig TW, Fléchon A, Mainwaring P, Fleming M, Hainsworth 
JD, Hirmand M, Selby B, Seely L, de Bono JS; AFFIRM Investigators. Increased survival 
with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1187-97 
Scher et al. 2016 
Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, et al. Trial design and objectives for castration-resistant 
prostate cancer: updated recommendations from the prostate cancer clinical trials working group 
3. J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34: 1402-1418. 
Shore et al. 2016 
Shore ND, Chowdhury S, Villers A, et al. Efficacy and safety of enzalutamide versus 
bicalutamide for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (TERRAIN): a randomized, double-
blind, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17: 153-163.  


 
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Smith et al. 2019 
Matthew Smith, Chris Parker, Fred Saad, et al. Addition of radium-223 to abiraterone acetate and 
prednisone or prednisolone in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone 
metastases (ERA 223): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 
Oncol 2019; 20: 408–19  
 
Tannock et al. 2014 
Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus 
prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004: 351:1502-1512. 
Tran et al. 2009 
Tran C, Ouk S, Clegg NJ, et al. Development of a second-generation antiandrogen for treatment 
of advanced prostate cancer. Science. 2009; 324: 787-790. 
Wefel et al. 2011 
Wefel JS, Vardy J, Ahles T, et al. International Cognition and Cancer Task Force 
Recommendations to Harmonise Studies of Cognitive Function in Patients with Cancer. Lancet 
Oncology. 2011; 12:703-708. 
Nubeqa (darolutamide) [package insert]. Whippany, NJ: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals 
Inc.; 7/2019. 
Xofigo (radium Ra 223 dichloride) [package insert]. Whippany, NJ: Bayer HealthCare 
Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 8/2018. 
 
Xtandi (enzalutamide) [package insert]. Northbrook, IL: Astellas Pharma US, Inc; 7/2018. 
 


 
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18. 
APPENDICES 
Appendix A: ECOG Performance Status Criteria 
 
ECOG Performance Status Scale 
 
Karnofsky Performance Scale 
Grade 
Descriptions 
Percent 
Description 
0 
Normal activity.  Fully active, able to carry 
on all pre-disease performance without 
restriction. 
 
100 
Normal, no complaints, no evidence of 
disease. 
 
90 
Able to carry on normal activity; minor 
signs or symptoms of disease. 
1 
Symptoms, but ambulatory.  Restricted in 
physically strenuous activity, but 
ambulatory and able to carry out work of a 
light or sedentary nature (e.g., light 
housework, office work). 
 
80 
Normal activity with effort; some signs or 
symptoms of disease. 
 
70 
Cares for self, unable to carry on normal 
activity or to do active work. 
2 
In bed <50% of the time.  Ambulatory and 
capable of all self-care, but unable to carry 
out any work activities.  Up and about 
more than 50% of waking hours. 
 
60 
Requires occasional assistance, but is able 
to care for most of his/her needs. 
 
50 
Requires considerable assistance and 
frequent medical care. 
3 
In bed >50% of the time.  Capable of only 
limited self-care, confined to bed or chair 
more than 50% of waking hours. 
 
40 
Disabled, requires special care and 
assistance 
 
30 
Severely disabled, hospitalization 
indicated.  Death no imminent. 
4 
100% bedridden.  Completely disabled.  
Cannot carry on any self-care.  Totally 
confined to bed or chair. 
 
20 
Very sick, hospitalization indicated.  
Death not imminent. 
 
10 
Moribund, fatal processes progressing 
rapidly. 
5 
Dead 
0 
Dead 
 


 
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FACT-P (Version 4) 
English (Universal) 
 
19 November 2007 
Copyright 1987, 1997 
 
Page 1 of 3 
 
 
Below is a list of statements that other people with your illness have said are important. Please circle 
or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to the past 7 days. 
 
 
 
 
 
PHYSICAL WELL-BEING 
 
Not 
at all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite
a bit 
Very 
much 
GP1 
I have a lack of energy .......................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GP2 
I have nausea......................................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GP3 
Because of my physical condition, I have trouble 
meeting the needs of my family.........................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
GP4 
I have pain..........................................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GP5 
I am bothered by side effects of treatment .........................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GP6 
I feel ill ...............................................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GP7 
I am forced to spend time in bed........................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 
 
SOCIAL/FAMILY WELL-BEING 
 
Not 
at all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite
a bit 
Very 
much 
GS1 
I feel close to my friends....................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GS2 
I get emotional support from my family ............................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GS3 
I get support from my friends.............................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GS4 
My family has accepted my illness ....................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GS5 
I am satisfied with family communication about my 
illness..................................................................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
GS6 
I feel close to my partner (or the person who is my main 
support) ..............................................................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
Q1 
Regardless of your current level of sexual activity, please 
answer the following question. If you prefer not to answer it, 
please mark this box           and go to the next section. 
 
 
 
 
 
GS7 
I am satisfied with my sex life ............................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 


 
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FACT-P (Version 4) 
English (Universal) 
 
19 November 2007 
Copyright 1987, 1997 
 
Page 2 of 3 
 
 
Please circle or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to the past 7 
days. 
 
 
 
 
EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING 
Not 
at all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite
a bit 
Very 
much 
GE1 
I feel sad ..............................................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GE2 
I am satisfied with how I am coping with my illness..........
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GE3 
I am losing hope in the fight against my illness..................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GE4 
I feel nervous.......................................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GE5 
I worry about dying.............................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GE6 
I worry that my condition will get worse............................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 
 
 
 
FUNCTIONAL WELL-BEING 
 
Not 
at all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite
a bit 
Very 
much 
GF1 
I am able to work (include work at home) ..........................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GF2 
My work (include work at home) is fulfilling.....................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GF3 
I am able to enjoy life..........................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GF4 
I have accepted my illness...................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GF5 
I am sleeping well ...............................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GF6 
I am enjoying the things I usually do for fun ......................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
GF7 
I am content with the quality of my life right now..............
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 


 
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FACT-P (Version 4) 
English (Universal) 
 
19 November 2007 
Copyright 1987, 1997 
 
Page 3 of 3 
 
 
Please circle or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to the past 7 
days. 
 
 
 
 
ADDITIONAL CONCERNS 
 
Not at 
all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite 
a bit 
Very 
much 
C2 
I am losing weight...............................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
C6 
I have a good appetite .........................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P1 
I have aches and pains that bother me.................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P2 
I have certain parts of my body where I experience pain....
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P3 
My pain keeps me from doing things I want to do .............
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P4 
I am satisfied with my present comfort level......................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P5 
I am able to feel like a man .................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P6 
I have trouble moving my bowels.......................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P7 
I have difficulty urinating....................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
BL2 
I urinate more frequently than usual ...................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
P8 
My problems with urinating limit my activities..................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
BL5 
I am able to have and maintain an erection.........................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 


 
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FACT-Cognitive Function (Version 3) 
 
FACT-Cog V3 
Copyright 2006, 2016 
Page 1 of 3 
 
 
 
Last Revised 10 February 2008 
                                                                                                                                                  
 
Below is a list of statements that other people with your condition have said are important. Please circle 
or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to the past 7 days. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PERCEIVED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS 
Never 
About 
once a 
week 
Two to 
three 
times a 
week 
Nearly 
every 
day 
Several 
times  
a day 
CogA1 
I have had trouble forming thoughts ..........................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogA3 
My thinking has been slow .........................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogC7 
I have had trouble concentrating ................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogM9 
I have had trouble finding my way to a familiar 
place ............................................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogM10 
I have had trouble remembering where I put things, 
like my keys or my wallet ..........................................
 
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
CogM12 
I have had trouble remembering new information, 
like phone numbers or simple instructions  ................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogV13 
I have had trouble recalling the name of an object 
while talking to someone  ...........................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogV15 
I have had trouble finding the right word(s) to 
express myself ............................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogV16 
I have used the wrong word when I referred to an 
object ..........................................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogV17b 
I have had trouble saying what I mean in 
conversations with others ...........................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogF19 
I have walked into a room and forgotten what I 
meant to get or do there ..............................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogF23 
I have had to work really hard to pay attention or I 
would make a mistake ................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogF24 
I have forgotten names of people soon after being 
introduced ...................................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 


 
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FACT-Cog (Version 3) 
 
FACT-Cog v3 
Copyright 2006, 2016 
Page 2 of 3 
Last Revised 10 February 2008  
 
 
Please circle or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to  
the past 7 days. 
 
 
 
Never 
About 
once a 
week 
Two to 
three 
times a 
week 
Nearly 
every 
day 
 
Several 
times a 
day 
CogF25 
My reactions in everyday situations have been 
slow .............................................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogC31 
I have had to work harder than usual to keep track 
of what I was doing ....................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogC32 
My thinking has been slower than usual ....................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogC33a 
I have had to work harder than usual to express 
myself clearly .............................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogC33c 
I have had to use written lists more often than 
usual so I would not forget things ..............................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogMT1 
I have trouble keeping track of what I am doing if I 
am interrupted .............................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogMT2 
I have trouble shifting back and forth between 
different activities that require thinking .....................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 
Please circle or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to  
the past 7 days. 
 
 
 
 
 
COMMENTS FROM OTHERS 
Never 
About 
once a 
week 
Two to 
three 
times a 
week 
Nearly 
every 
day 
 
Several 
times a 
day 
CogO1 
Other people have told me I seemed to have trouble 
remembering information ............................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogO2 
Other people have told me I seemed to have trouble 
speaking clearly ...........................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogO3 
Other people have told me I seemed to have trouble 
thinking clearly ............................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogO4 
Other people have told me I seemed confused ............
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
  


 
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FACT-Cog (Version 3) 
 
FACT-Cog v3 
Copyright 2006, 2016 
Page 3 of 3 
Last Revised 10 February 2008  
Please circle or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to  
the past 7 days. 
 
 
 
Please circle or mark one number per line to indicate your response as it applies to  
the past 7 days. 
 
 
IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE 
Not  
at all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite 
a bit 
Very 
much 
CogQ35 
I have been upset about these problems .......................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogQ37 
These problems have interfered with my ability to 
work .............................................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogQ38 
These problems have interfered with my ability to 
do things I enjoy ...........................................................
 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
CogQ41 
These problems have interfered with the quality of 
my life ..........................................................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
 
 
 
PERCEIVED COGNITIVE ABILITIES 
Not 
at all 
A little 
bit 
Some-
what 
Quite
a bit 
Very 
much 
 
Cog
PC1 
I have been able to concentrate ..........................................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Cog
PV1 
I have been able to bring to mind words that I wanted to 
use while talking to someone .............................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
Cog
PM1 
I have been able to remember things, like where I left 
my keys or wallet ...............................................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
Cog
PM2 
I have been able to remember to do things, like take 
medicine or buy something I needed ..................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
Cog
PF1 
I am able to pay attention and keep track of what I am 
doing without extra effort ...................................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
Cog
PCH
1 
My mind is as sharp as it has always been .........................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Cog
PCH
2 
My memory is as good as it has always been ....................
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Cog
PMT
1 
I am able to shift back and forth between two activities 
that require thinking ...........................................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 
Cog
PMT
2 
I am able to keep track of what I am doing, even if I am 
interrupted ..........................................................................
 
0 
 
1 
 
2 
 
3 
 
4 


 
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Appendix B: Guidelines for Fertile Male Patients 
Fertile male patients, defined as all males physiologically capable of conceiving offspring with 
female partners of child-bearing potential, must use condoms plus spermicidal agent during the 
study treatment period and for 3 months after the last dose of Ra-223/Placebo, and should not 
father a child during this period. 
 
Male patients must also refrain from donating sperm during their participation in the study and 
for 3 months after the last dose of study drug. 
 
The following are acceptable forms of barrier contraception: 
• Latex condom, diaphragm or cervical/vault cap when used with spermicidal 
foam/gel/film/cream/suppository 


 
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Appendix C: Schedule of Assessments 
Open-Label Period 
Assessments 
Screening 
R1 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 1) 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 28) 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 56) 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 84) 
Pre-R2a 
R2 
-42 to -2  days 
prior to R1 
After R1 and 
before 1st dose 
of RT1 
 
28 days +/- 7 days 
from Day 1 
56 days +/- 7 days 
from Day 1 
84 days + 7 days 
from Day 1 
At 12-16 
weeks 
after starting 
RT1 
Final I/E review completed at least 48 
hours 
prior to R2 
Tests and Observations 
Informed Consent 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
I/E Review (to be completed 
at least 48 hours prior to 
each randomization). 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Review Inc. #12-15. 
 
Demographics 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medical History 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prostate Cancer History 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Physical Exam (PE) 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Abbreviated  PE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Vital Signsb 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Adverse Event Evaluation 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
Relevant Prior Medication 
Revieww 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concomitant Medication 
Review 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Randomization(s) 
 
Xs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xs 
Bone Fracture Risk 
Assessmentc 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CANTAB Practice 
Xu 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CANTAB Assessmentsx 
 
 
Xt 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
TUG (timed up and go) 
 
 
Xt 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
ECOG PS 
X 
 
Xt 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
FACT-P 
 
 
Xt 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
FACT-COG 
 
 
Xt 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
12-lead ECG 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Use of other anti-cancer 
therapies 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 


 
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Open-Label Period 
Assessments 
Screening 
R1 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 1) 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 28) 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 56) 
Lead-in RT1 
(Day 84) 
Pre-R2a 
R2 
-42 to -2  days 
prior to R1 
After R1 and 
before 1st dose 
of RT1 
 
28 days +/- 7 days 
from Day 1 
56 days +/- 7 days 
from Day 1 
84 days + 7 days 
from Day 1 
At 84-112 
days  
after starting 
RT1 
Final I/E review completed at least 48 
hours 
prior to R2 
Lab Observations 
CBC, 3-part differential, and 
plateletsd,aa 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
Review Inc. 15 
 
CMPe,aa 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
Review Inc. 15 
 
PSAaa 
X 
 
Xo 
 
Xo 
Xo 
Xo 
X 
Review Inc. 12 
 
LDHaa 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
ALPaa 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Research Biomarkersq,aa 
,(Optional consent) 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Treatments 
Bone Health Agent 
administrationt 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
Review Inc. 14 
 
All subjects : Write Enza 
prescription/and begin 
insurance qualification 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Enza Compliance (or) 
Daro Dispensing/ 
Accountability  
 
 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
Review Inc. 14 
 
X 
 
Staging 
CT or MRI Scan of the 
chest/ abdomen/pelvisf 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xp 
Review Inc. 13 
 
MRI or CT scan of the braing 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bone Scanf 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xp 
 
 
RECIST Assessment 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xac 
Review Inc. 13 
 
PCWG3 Assessment 
Xac 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xac 
 
 
Bone fracturesh 
 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
Symptomatic Skeletal 
Events 
 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 


 
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Double-Blind Period 
Assessments 
RT2  
Cycles 1-6 
RT2  
Imaging 
 
Telephone End of 
Study Drugi 
 
 
Q12-Week Progression 
Follow-upj 
Overall  
Survivalk 
End of Study 
Q28 days  
±7 days, from previous dosen 
Q12 weeks  
±1 week,  
from C1D1 through Cycle 6, or 
until Q12 week Prog FU 
Q12 weeks  
±1 week 
 
Q24 weeks  
±4 weeks  
At time of 
Permanent Study 
DC 
Tests and Observations 
Abbrev. Physical Exam 
Xab 
 
 
 
 
 
Vital Signsb 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
Adverse Event Evaluation 
X 
X 
X 
Xl 
Xl 
Xl 
Concomitant Medication 
Review 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
 
SSE Assessment 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
Survival Status 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
TUG (timed up and go) 
 
 
 
Xz 
 
 
ECOG PS 
X 
 
 
Xz 
 
 
12-lead ECG 
 
 
 
Xz 
 
 
RECIST and PCWG3 
assessment 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
Bone fractures and  
AESI assessmenth 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
Use of other anti-cancer 
therapies 
 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
 
X 
 


 
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Double-Blind Period 
Assessments 
RT2 
Cycles 1-6 
 
RT2 
Imaging 
 
End of 
Study Drugi 
Q12-Week Progression 
Follow-upj 
Overall  
Survivalk 
End of Study 
Q28 days  
±7 days, from previous dosen 
Q12 weeks  
±1 week,  
from C1D1 
Q12 weeks  
±1 week 
 
Q24 weeks  
±4 weeks  
At time of 
Permanent Study 
DC 
Laboratory Observations 
CBC, 3-part differential, and 
plateletsd 
Xy 
 
 
X 
 
 
CMPe 
Xy 
 
 
X 
 
 
PSA 
Xy 
 
 
X 
 
 
LDH 
Xy 
 
 
X 
 
 
ALP 
Xy 
 
 
X 
 
 
Research Biomarkersq 
(Optional consent) 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
Treatments 
Enza Compliance (or) 
Daro Dispensing/ 
Accountability 
Xm 
 
 
Xm 
Xm 
 
RT2 : Ra-223 or Placebo 
Xn 
 
 
 
 
 
Staging 
CT or MRI Scan of the 
chest/ abdomen/pelvisf 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
Bone Scanf 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
Final Assessments 
Reason for Discontinuation 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
Study Disposition 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
Public Records Search 
 
 
 
 
 
X 


 
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Appendix C: Schedule of Assessments (continued)  
 
a Only done if ≥ 30% PSA decline during the initial 12 weeks of RT1 exposure. 
b Vital signs will include height (first visit only), weight, resting heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oral temperature)  
c The bone fracture risk assessment includes a history of prior fractures, comorbidities, history of androgen deprivation therapy, 
history of prior bisphosphonate/denosumab use, prior bone density assessment (most recent bone density assessment prior to 
screening), and any relevant prior and ongoing medications.  
d CBC includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC) with 3-part differential and platelets.  It must be done within 14 
days prior to each Ra-223 cycle to determine safety of proceeding with each cycle.  
e CMP will include measurements of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-
Gault), sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, carbon dioxide (CO2), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine 
aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin.  CMP may be done up to 14 days prior to RT2 cycles.      
f 
A Screening CT or MRI scan (of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis) and bone scan will be performed within 42 days prior to Lead-
In RT1 therapy. After Cycle 1, Day 1 (C1D1), assessments will occur every 12 weeks (+/- 7 days) after C1D1 irrespective of 
treatment delays, and will continue until the patient experiences radiological progression or initiates a prohibited treatment. All 
radiographic scans (CT, MRI and bone scans) will be collected and held by MANA RBM.  
g MRI or CT scan of the brain ≤4 weeks required at screening only if clinically indicated  
h Patients will be followed for all bone fractures throughout the course of the study. 
i 
Patients should visit the site 30 days (±7 days) after the last dose of radium-223/placebo and 30 days (±7 days) after the last 
dose of enzalutamide/darolutamide. Patients must be followed for all AEs/AESI’s for 30 calendar days after the last dose of 
radium-223/placebo and enzalutamide/darolutamide irrespective of the visit date. 
j 
Patients who discontinue Ra-223 randomized treatment prior to progression or starting prohibited treatment will have 
progression follow-up visits every 12 weeks (±7 days) according to their original radiology schedule to determine disease 
progression. Patients enter Overall Survival Follow-up after documented radiological progression or initiation of a prohibited 
treatment. 
k Patients will be followed every 6 months (±1 month) after the last Q12-Week Imaging Visit is performed (during randomized 
treatment or during follow-up) for survival status (e.g., date and cause of death) until the required number of events have been 
reached in the study or death, whichever occurs first.  Provider or telephone visits are allowed.  
l 
Only adverse events identified by the site investigator as  SSE-related AEs, and Adverse Events of Special Interest (Section 
14.1.2, 14.2.2) are to be reported after the end of  Study drug treatment assessment. 
m RT1 will be taken during the 12 weeks prior to RT2 randomization and continue to be taken throughout the 6 cycles of RT2 
treatment and thereafter. Post Ra-223 or placebo, patients may continue to receive RT1 until no longer clinically beneficial or 
until contraindicated.   
n C1D1 must occur ≤14 days after RT2 randomization.  Ideally, radium-223 or placebo should be administered every 28 days (+/- 
7 days) from the preceding dose after the C1D1. Subsequent cycles must be within >3 weeks and <8 weeks from last cycle. 
Delays are allowed to manage treatment-limiting toxicities or other limitations. Safety assessments needed before each cycle 
should be done within 14 days of the next cycle. 
o PSA will be monitored every 28 days (+/- 7 days) from RT1 initiation during the 84-day (12 week) lead-in phase of the study.  
p Scans will be done at Pre-R2 ONLY for patients who demonstrate ≥ 30% PSA decline during the initial 12 weeks of RT1 
exposure. Window for obtaining repeat scans is within 28 days prior to RT2 randomization.  
q If consented to optional research blood biomarkers, optional samples may be collected at screening (Pre-RT1), Pre-R2, and at 
the time of radiological progression or prior to initiating a prohibited treatment, whichever occurs earlier. 
r 
Laboratory assessments do not need to be repeated on Cycle 1 Day 1 if performed within the prior 14 days. Labs may be 
collected up to 14 calendar days prior to Ra-223 cycles.   
s 
R1 randomization is only done after all inclusion/exclusion criteria are satisfied. R2 randomization is only done if all (4) R2 
randomization conditions are met. 
t     To be completed before taking first dose of enzalutamide or darolutamide. 
u    Cantab and ePRO practice to be done at screening to familiarize the patient with the iPad technologies used, and with testing 
instructions. 
w   Prior anticancer/relevant medication and procedure history review- including history of androgen deprivation therapy, 
orchiectomy, history of prior bisphosphonate/ denosumab use, vitamin D, calcium, anticancer medications, and exclusionary 
medications 
x A battery of CANTAB Cognitive Function Tests.     
y   Repeat Labs are not needed for Cycle 1, Day 1, if they were drawn at Pre-R2 visit within 14 days of C1D1. 
z Should be performed Q48 weeks after C1D1. 
aa  Should be done </= 14 days prior to Lead-in RT1 visit 
ab  Only required at C4D1. 
ac  Screening PCWG3 and Pre-R2 RECIST/PWG3 may be done any time prior to first Q12Week imaging visit. Only required to be 
done if ALL inclusion and exclusion criteria are met and subject is randomized to Ra-223 or Placebo.  


 
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Appendix D: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Version 1.1 and 
PCWG3 Bone Progression 
Definitions 
Response and progression will be evaluated in this study using the Response Evaluation Criteria in 
Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 (Eisenhauer et al 2009).  Lesions are either measurable or non-
measurable using the criteria provided below.  The term “evaluable” in reference to measurability 
will not be used, as it does not provide additional meaning or accuracy. 
Baseline Eligibility 
Measurable Disease: 
Tumor lesions:  Must be accurately measured in at least one dimension 
(longest diameter in the plane of measurement is to be recorded) with a 
minimum size of: 
• 
10 mm by CT (CT scan slice thickness no greater than 5 mm). 
• 
10 mm caliper measurement by clinical exam (lesions that cannot be 
accurately measured with calipers should be recorded as non-
measurable). 
• 
20 mm by chest x-ray. 
 
Skin lesions:  Documentation by color photography, including a ruler to 
estimate the size of the lesion, is recommended. 
 
Malignant lymph nodes:  To be considered pathologically enlarged and 
measurable, a lymph node must be ≥15 mm in short axis when assessed by 
CT scan.  At baseline and in follow-up, only the short axis will be measured 
and followed.  
Non-Measurable Disease: 
All other lesions, including small lesions (longest diameter <10 mm or 
pathological lymph nodes with ≥10- to <15-mm short axis) as well as truly 
non-measurable lesions.  Lesions considered truly non-measurable include: 
leptomeningeal disease, ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion, inflammatory 
breast disease, lymphangitic involvement of skin or lung, abdominal masses, 
and abdominal organomegaly identified by physical exam that is not 
measurable by reproducible imaging techniques.   
Target Lesions: 
The most reproducible measurable lesions, up to a maximum of 2 lesions per 
organ and 5 lesions in total, representative of all involved organs should be 
identified as target lesions and recorded and measured at baseline.   
Target lesions should be selected on the basis of their size (lesions with the 
longest diameter), should be representative of all involved organs, and in 
addition should be those that lend themselves to reproducible repeated 
measurements.  Pathological nodes which are defined as measurable and that 
may be identified as target lesions must meet the criterion or a short axis of 
≥15 mm by CT scan. 
A sum of the diameters (longest for non-nodal lesions, short axis for nodal 
lesions) for all target lesions will be calculated and reported as the baseline 
sum diameters.  If lymph nodes are to be included in the sum, then as noted 
above, only the short axis is added into the sum.  The baseline sum diameters 
will be used as reference to further characterize any objective tumor 
response. 


 
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Non-Target Lesions: 
All other lesions should be identified as non-target lesions at baseline.  
Measurements of these lesions are not required, but the presence or absence 
of each should be noted throughout follow-up. 
Guidelines for Evaluation of Measurable Disease 
All measurements should be taken and recorded in metric notation, using a ruler or calipers.  All baseline evaluations 
should be performed as closely as possible to the beginning of treatment, as per protocol screening requirements. 
The same method of assessment and the same technique should be used to characterize each identified and reported 
lesion at baseline and during follow-up.  Imaging-based evaluation is preferred to evaluation by clinical examination 
when both methods have been used to assess the anti-tumor effect of a treatment. 
 
Clinical Lesions: 
Clinical lesions will only be considered measurable when they are superficial 
(e.g., skin nodules and palpable lymph nodes) and ≥10 mm in diameter.  In 
the case of skin lesions, documentation by color photography, including a 
ruler to estimate the size of the lesion, is recommended. 
Chest X-ray: 
Lesions on chest X-ray are acceptable as measurable lesions when they are 
clearly defined and surrounded by aerated lung.  However, a CT scan is 
preferable. 
Conventional CT and MRI: 
CT, MRI:  CT is the best currently available and reproducible method to 
measure lesions selected for response assessment.  This guideline has defined 
measurability of lesions on CT scan based on the assumption that CT slice 
thickness is 5mm or less.  When CT scans have slice thickness greater than 
5 mm, the minimum size for a measurable lesion should be twice the slice 
thickness.  MRI is also acceptable in certain situations (e.g. for body scans).  
Ultrasound: 
When the primary study endpoint is objective response, ultrasound should 
not be used to measure tumor lesions.  It is, however, a possible alternative to 
clinical measurements of superficial palpable lymph nodes, subcutaneous 
lesions, and thyroid nodules.  Ultrasound may also be useful to confirm the 
complete disappearance of superficial lesions usually assessed by clinical 
examination. 
Endoscopy and Laparoscopy: 
Use of endoscopy and laparoscopy for objective tumor evaluation has not yet 
been fully and widely validated.  Therefore, use of these techniques for 
objective tumor response should be restricted to validation purposes in 
specialized centers.  Such techniques can be useful in confirming complete 
pathological response when biopsies are obtained. 
Tumor Markers: 
Tumor markers alone cannot be used to assess response.  If markers are 
initially above the upper limit of normal, they must normalize for a patient to 
be considered in complete clinical response when all lesions have 
disappeared. 
Cytology and Histology: 
Cytology and histology can be used to differentiate between partial response 
(PR) and complete response (CR) in rare cases (e.g., after treatment to 
differentiate between residual benign lesions and residual malignant lesions 
in tumor types such as germ cell tumors). 


 
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Response Criteria 
Evaluation of Target Lesions 
Complete Response (CR):  
Disappearance of all target lesions.   
Partial Response (PR):  
At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as 
reference the baseline sum diameters. 
Stable Disease (SD):   
Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to 
qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest (nadir) sum of diameters 
since the treatment started. 
Progressive Disease (PD):   
At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking 
as reference the smallest (nadir) sum since the treatment started, or the 
appearance of one or more new lesions.  Requires not only 20% increase, 
but absolute increase of a minimum of 5 mm over sum. 
 
Evaluation of Non-Target Lesions 
Complete Response (CR): 
Disappearance of all non-target lesions and normalization of tumor 
markers.  All lymph nodes must be non-pathological in size (<<10 mm 
short axis). 
Stable Disease (SD):    
 
Persistence of one or more non-target lesions and/or persistence of tumor 
marker level above the normal limits. 
Progressive Disease (PD):  
 
Appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of 
existing non-target lesions.  When the patient also has measurable disease, 
to achieve “unequivocal progression” on the basis of the non-target 
disease, there must be an overall level of substantial worsening in non-
target disease such that, even in presence of SD or PR in the target disease, 
the overall tumor burden has increased sufficiently to merit discontinuation 
of therapy. 
 
Evaluation of Best Overall Response 
As detailed above, the best overall response is the best response recorded from the start of the treatment until disease 
progression/recurrence (taking as reference for PD the smallest measurements recorded since the treatment started).  
In general, the patient’s best response assignment will depend on the achievement of both measurement and 
confirmation criteria.   
Confirmation of response (by repeat scans after 4 weeks or as specified in the protocol) is required for studies in 
which response rate is the primary endpoint, but is not required in randomized studies or studies with primary 
survival endpoints (i.e., where response is not a primary endpoint).
 
Target Lesions 
Non-Target Lesions 
New Lesions 
Overall Response 
CR 
CR 
NO 
CR 
CR 
SD 
NO 
PR 
CR 
NE 
NO 
PR 
PR 
SD OR NE 
NO 
PR 
SD 
SD OR NE 
NO 
SD 
PD 
ANY 
YES OR NO 
PD 


 
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Target Lesions 
Non-Target Lesions 
New Lesions 
Overall Response 
ANY 
PD 
YES OR NO 
PD 
ANY 
ANY 
YES 
PD 
 
In some circumstances, it may be difficult to distinguish residual disease from normal tissue.  When the evaluation 
of a CR depends upon this determination, it is recommended that the residual lesion be investigated by fine needle 
aspirate or biopsy to confirm the CR status.  
When nodal disease is included in the sum of target lesions, and the nodes decrease to “normal” size (<10 mm), they 
may still have a measurement reported on scans.  This measurement should be recorded even though the nodes are 
normal in order not to overstate progression, should it be based on increase in size of the nodes.  As noted earlier, 
this means that patients with CR may not have a total sum of “zero” on the eCRF. 
 
PCWG3 Bone Scan Disease Progression Criteria (Scher et al. 2016) 
Appearance of 2 or more new lesions on bone scan, and, for the first reassessment only, a 
confirmatory scan performed 6 or more weeks later that shows a minimum of 2 or more 
additional new lesions (2+2 rule).  The date of progression is the date of the first scan that shows 
the change.  
Or  
Soft tissue disease progression by modified RECIST v1.1 to report changes in lymph nodes that 
were ≥ 2 cm in diameter at baseline with additional requirement that progression at first 
assessment be confirmed by a second scan 6 or more weeks later. 
Note that for some treatments, a lesion may increase in size before it decreases. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
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PSA Progression Criteria 
 
For eligibility based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes (Inc #7a) use the diagram above 
for guidance on how to determine if the criterion “series of rising PSA” has been met. “Series” 
will refer to more than 1 rising value. 
For the purposes of this protocol, the reference value (#1) will be the nadir PSA (1st PSA), with 
subsequent values obtained a minimum of 1 week apart. In the diagram above, #2 (2nd PSA) 
represents an example of the first increase in PSA after nadir. If the 3rd PSA (example #3A) is 
greater than #2, and total rise from nadir is >1 ng/mL, then eligibility has been met.  
If the 3rd PSA (example #3B) is not higher than #2, but value #4 is, the patient is eligible if #4 is 
1 ng/mL or higher than nadir PSA (#1). 
 
 


 
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Appendix E: Remote Risk Based Monitoring and Trial Management (MANA Method) 
 
All data and essential documents are collected electronically directly or converted to certified 
electronic copies.  Data and documents are reviewed remotely using the following methodology: 
1. Risk Assessment- the study team will conduct a Risk Assessment to identify the 
errors that matter (i.e., errors that affect primary endpoints, human subject 
protection, subject safety, GCP, and investigational product management).  Each 
risk is categorized by Impact, Likelihood of Occurring, and Ability to Detect.  A 
risk score is derived for each risk.  For risks with a score of 75 or above, an 
oversight approach, usually an analytic report, is developed to monitor those risks. 
2. Assuring data sources for all errors that matter:  the study team will review all 
data needed to perform Errors that Matter Analytics and will assure that the data 
are collected in one of the electronic systems. Usually the data will be captured in 
the EDC, Site Tracker Analyzing Risk Database (STAR Database), or 
REACHER, but other data sources may be used to collect the critical data needed 
for the analysis of Errors that Matter 
3.  Developing Errors that Matter Analytics—following identification of all high 
risks (score of 75 or above) and major deviations that affect analysis or subject 
safety, study specific analytic reports are designed, programmed, and validated. 
The analytic reports are listed in the Study Report Specifications Document. The 
number of the report is mapped to the Risk Assessment to provide traceability 
between the Risk and Oversight.  
4. Automating complex analytics--Complex analytics are automated through 
REACHERTM, the MANA RBM clinical quality management system.   This set 
up includes designing workflow and decision support notifications that result 
from the analytics.  Additional oversight reports are also developed in JReview 
including the Subject Profile Analyzing Risk (SPARTM), which provides a 
comprehensive subject specific view of critical data for efficacy and safety data 
across all timepoints, normalized to first date of treatment.    
5. Developing Data and Document Review Guidelines (DDRG)—The data and 
document review guidelines map the review of all critical data and documents by 
reviewer and report number.  The DDRGs define the review by all oversight 
members, regardless of role (e.g., data reviewer, site monitor, central monitor, 
medical monitor).  The frequency of review is included in the DDRG.  
Confirmation of critical data for recruitment or efficacy may be confirmed by a 
comparison of certified copies of document when compared to data entered in the 
data collectors, but traditional SDV or page by page eCRF review is not 
performed. 
6. Training of study team members is performed following completion of analytic 
reports and the DDRGs. It includes training on the data collection system specific 
for the trial and all reports that will be used for oversight by each role.   
7. Review of data for errors that matter is conducted independent of the EDC using 
REACHER analytic reports or JReview, which combine data across databases.  


 
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Final Protocol:  04 MAY 2020 
 
 
 
 
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Review of documents is conducted in the eTMF/eISF.  Documentation of review 
is completed in the Site Tracker Analyzing Risk Database (STAR) or REACHER.  
8. Trend analysis--Monthly the central monitor and lead data manager review all 
trends in errors that matter, issues, major deviations, screening, reason for screen 
failure, reason for early termination, site performance, reviewer performance, 
query topics, and document review.  Trends are reviewed with the Site Monitor 
who provides feedback monthly to the Site Investigators and Study Coordinators.