22 U.S.C. § 2291h (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2291h. Reporting requirements
(a) International narcotics control strategy report
Not later than March 1 of each year, the President shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, a report containing the following:
(1) For each country that received assistance under this part for either of the 2 preceding fiscal years, a report on the extent to which the country has—
(A) met the goals and objectives of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, including action on such issues as illicit cultivation, production, distribution, sale, transport, and financing, and money laundering, asset seizure, extradition, mutual legal assistance, law enforcement and transit cooperation, precursor chemical control, and demand reduction;
(B) accomplished the goals described in an applicable bilateral narcotics agreement with the United States or a multilateral agreement; and
(C) taken legal and law enforcement measures to prevent and punish public corruption, especially by senior government officials, that facilitates the production, processing, or shipment of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances, or that discourages the investigation or prosecution of such acts.
(2)
(A) A description of the policies adopted, agreements concluded, and programs implemented by the Department of State in pursuit of its delegated responsibilities for international narcotics control, including appropriate information on the status of negotiations between the United States and other countries on updated extradition treaties, mutual legal assistance treaties, precursor chemical controls, money laundering, and agreements pursuant to section 2015 of the International Narcotics Act of 1986 (relating to interdiction procedures for vessels of foreign registry).
(B) Information on multilateral and bilateral strategies with respect to money laundering pursued by the Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Treasury, and other relevant United States Government agencies, either collectively or individually, to ensure the cooperation of foreign governments with respect to narcotics-related money laundering and to demonstrate that all United States Government agencies are pursuing a common strategy with respect to major money laundering countries. The report shall include specific detail to demonstrate that all United States Government agencies are pursuing a common strategy with respect to achieving international cooperation against money laundering and are pursuing a common strategy with respect to major money laundering countries, including a summary of United States objectives on a country-by-country basis.
(3) The identity of those countries which are—
(A) major illicit drug producing countries or major drug-transit countries as determined under section 2291j(h) of this title;
(B) major sources of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics; or
(C) major money laundering countries.
(4) In addition, for each country identified pursuant to paragraph (3),1 the following:
(A) A description of the plans, programs, and timetables adopted by such country, including efforts to meet the objectives of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, and a discussion of the adequacy of the legal and law enforcement measures taken and the accomplishments achieved in accord with those plans.
(B) Whether as a matter of government policy or practice, such country encourages or facilitates the illicit production or distribution of narcotic or psychotropic drugs or other controlled substances or the laundering of proceeds from illegal drug transactions; and whether any senior official of the government of such country engages in, encourages, or facilitates the illicit production or distribution of such drugs or substances, or the laundering of proceeds from illegal drug transactions.
(5) In addition, for each country identified pursuant to paragraph (3)(A) or (3)(B),1 a detailed status report, with such information as can be reliably obtained, on the narcotic or psychotropic drugs or other controlled substances which are being cultivated, produced, or processed in or transported through such country, noting significant changes in conditions, such as increases or decreases in the illicit cultivation and manufacture of and traffic in such drugs and substances.
(6) In addition, for those countries identified pursuant to paragraph (3)(C)— 1
(A) which countries are parties to international agreements on a method for maintaining records of transactions of an established list of precursor and essential chemicals;
(B) which countries have established a procedure by which such records may be made available to United States law enforcement authorities; and
(C) which countries have enacted national chemical control legislation which would impose specific recordkeeping and reporting requirements for listed chemicals, establish a system of permits or declarations for imports and exports of listed chemicals, and authorize government officials to seize or suspend shipments of listed chemicals.
(7) In addition, for those countries identified pursuant to paragraph (3)(D) 1 the following:
(A)
(i) Which countries have financial institutions engaging in currency transactions involving international narcotics trafficking proceeds that include significant amounts of United States currency or currency derived from illegal drug sales in the United States or that otherwise significantly affect the United States;
(ii) which countries identified pursuant to clause (i) have not reached agreement with the United States authorities on a mechanism for exchanging adequate records in connection with narcotics investigations and proceedings; and
(iii) which countries identified pursuant to clause (ii)—
(I) are negotiating in good faith with the United States to establish such a record-exchange mechanism, or
(II) have adopted laws or regulations that ensure the availability to appropriate United States Government personnel and those of other governments of adequate records in connection with narcotics investigations and proceedings.
(B) Which countries—
(i) have ratified the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and are taking steps to implement that Convention and other applicable agreements and conventions such as the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force, the policy directive of the European Community, the legislative guidelines of the Organization of American States, and other similar declarations; and
(ii) have entered into bilateral agreements for the exchange of information on money-laundering with countries other than the United States.
(C) Findings on each country’s adoption of law and regulations considered essential to prevent narcotics-related money laundering. Such findings shall include whether a country has—
(i) criminalized narcotics money laundering;
(ii) required banks and other financial institutions to know and record the identity of customers engaging in significant transactions, including the recording of large currency transactions at thresholds appropriate to that country’s economic situation;
(iii) required banks and other financial institutions to maintain, for an adequate time, records necessary to reconstruct significant transactions through financial institutions in order to be able to respond quickly to information requests from appropriate government authorities in narcotics-related money laundering cases;
(iv) required or allowed financial institutions to report suspicious transactions;
(v) established systems for identifying, tracing, freezing, seizing, and forfeiting narcotics-related assets;
(vi) enacted laws for the sharing of seized narcotics assets with other governments;
(vii) cooperated, when requested, with appropriate law enforcement agencies of other governments investigating financial crimes related to narcotics; and
(viii) addressed the problem on international transportation of illegal-source currency and monetary instruments.
The report shall also detail instances of refusals to cooperate with foreign governments, and any actions taken by the United States Government and any international organization to address such obstacles, including the imposition of sanctions or penalties.
(8)
(A) A separate section that contains the following:
(i) An identification of the five countries that exported the largest amount of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine (including the salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers of such chemicals, and also including any products or substances containing such chemicals) during the preceding calendar year.
(ii) An identification of the five countries that imported the largest amount of the chemicals described in clause (i) during the preceding calendar year and have the highest rate of diversion of such chemicals for use in the illicit production of methamphetamine (either in that country or in another country).
(iii) An economic analysis of the total worldwide production of the chemicals described in clause (i) as compared to the legitimate demand for such chemicals worldwide.
(B) The identification of countries that imported the largest amount of chemicals under subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be based on the following:
(i) An economic analysis that estimates the legitimate demand for such chemicals in such countries as compared to the actual or estimated amount of such chemicals that is imported into such countries.
(ii) The best available data and other information regarding the production of methamphetamine in such countries and the diversion of such chemicals for use in the production of methamphetamine.
(9)
(A) An assessment conducted by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of National Intelligence, of the extent to which any diplomatic efforts described in section 7217(a) of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act have been successful.
(B) Each assessment required by subparagraph (A) shall include an identification of—
(i) the countries the governments of which have agreed to undertake measures to apply economic or other financial sanctions to foreign traffickers of illicit opioids and a description of those measures; and
(ii) the countries the governments of which have not agreed to measures described in clause (i), and, with respect to those countries, other measures the Secretary of State recommends that the United States take to apply economic and other financial sanctions to foreign traffickers of illicit opioids.
(10) A separate section that contains an identification of all United States Government-supported units funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs and any Bureau-funded operations by such units in which United States law enforcement personnel have been physically present.
(11) A separate section that contains the following:
(A) An identification of the countries, to the extent feasible, that are the most significant sources of illicit fentanyl, xylazine, and fentanyl analogues significantly affecting the United States during the preceding calendar year.
(B) A description of the extent to which each country identified pursuant to subparagraph (A) has cooperated with the United States to prevent the articles or chemicals described in subparagraph (A) from being exported from such country to the United States.
(C) A description of whether each country identified pursuant to subparagraph (A) has adopted and utilizes scheduling or other procedures for illicit drugs that are similar in effect to the procedures authorized under title II 1 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 811 et seq.) for adding drugs and other substances to the controlled substances schedules;
(D) A description of whether each country identified pursuant to subparagraph (A) is following steps to prosecute individuals involved in the illicit manufacture or distribution of controlled substance analogues (as defined in section 102(32) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(32))); and
(E) A description of whether each country identified pursuant to subparagraph (A) requires the registration of tableting machines and encapsulating machines or other measures similar in effect to the registration requirements set forth in part 1310 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, and has not made good faith efforts, in the opinion of the Secretary, to improve regulation of tableting machines and encapsulating machines.
(12) Covered synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances.—
(A) Covered synthetic drugs.—
Information that contains an assessment of the countries significantly involved in the manufacture, production, transshipment, or trafficking of covered synthetic drugs, to include the following:
(i) The scale of legal domestic production and any available information on the number of manufacturers and producers of such drugs in such countries.
(ii) Information on any law enforcement assessments of the scale of illegal production of such drugs, including a description of the capacity of illegal laboratories to produce such drugs.
(iii) The types of inputs used and a description of the primary methods of synthesis employed by illegal producers of such drugs.
(iv) An assessment of the policies of such countries to regulate licit manufacture and interdict illicit manufacture, diversion, distribution, shipment, and trafficking of such drugs and an assessment of the effectiveness of the policies’ implementation.
(B) New psychoactive substances.—
Information on, to the extent practicable, any policies of responding to new psychoactive substances, to include the following:
(i) Which governments have articulated policies on scheduling of such substances.
(ii) Any data on impacts of such policies and other responses to such substances.
(iii) An assessment of any policies the United States could adopt to improve its response to new psychoactive substances.
(C) Definitions.—
In this paragraph, the terms “covered synthetic drug” and “new psychoactive substance” have the meaning given those terms in section 5558 of the FENTANYL Results Act.
(b) Annual reports on assistance
(1) In general
At the time that the report required by subsection (a) is submitted each year, the Secretary of State, in consultation with appropriate United States Government agencies, shall report to the appropriate committees of the Congress on the assistance provided or proposed to be provided by the United States Government during the preceding fiscal year, the current fiscal year, and the next fiscal year to support international efforts to combat illicit narcotics production or trafficking.
(2) Information to be included
Each report pursuant to this subsection shall—
(A) specify the amount and nature of the assistance provided or to be provided;
(B) include, for each country identified in subsection (a)(3)(A), information from the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Customs Service, and the Coast Guard describing in detail—
(i) the assistance provided or to be provided to such country by that agency, and
(ii) the assistance provided or to be provided to that agency by such country,
with respect to narcotic control efforts during the preceding fiscal year, the current fiscal year, and the next fiscal year; and
(C) list all transfers, which were made by the United States Government during the preceding fiscal year, to a foreign country for narcotics control purposes of any property seized by or otherwise forfeited to the United States Government in connection with narcotics-related activity, including an estimate of the fair market value and physical condition of each item of property transferred.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 489, as added Pub. L. 102–583, § 5(a), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4917; amended Pub. L. 103–447, title I, § 101(f)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4692; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1112(c), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 109–177, title VII, § 722(a), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 268; Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXII, § 7217(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2269; Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LI, § 5102(b), div. F, title LXVI, § 6610(c), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2344, 2447; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5555(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3342; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXVIII, § 7808, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2562.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2015 of the International Narcotics Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), probably means section 2015 of the International Narcotics Control Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, which was set out as a note under section 1902 of the former Appendix to Title 46, Shipping, prior to being repealed by Pub. L. 103–447, title I, § 103(c), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4694.
Paragraph (3), referred to in subsec. (a)(4) to (7), means par. (3) of subsec. (a), which was amended by Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(B)(ii), by striking out subpar. (B) relating to sources of narcotics and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances and redesignating subpars. (C) and (D) as (B) and (C), respectively. See 1994 Amendment note below.
Section 7217(a) of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(9)(A), is section 7217(a) of Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXII, 133 Stat. 2269, which is not classified to the Code.
The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(10)(C), is title II of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§ 801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. Title II of Pub. L. 91–513 does not itself contain a title II, but it does contain a part B, with provisions relating to controlled substance schedules, which is classified generally to part B (§ 811 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 13 of Title 21. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.
Section 5558 of the FENTANYL Results Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(12)(C), is section 5558 of subtitle C of title LV of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, which is set out as a note under section 2291l of this title.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2291h, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 489, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title IV, § 4507, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4286, related to permissible uses of aircraft and other equipment, prior to amendment by Pub. L. 102–583, § 4(f)(2), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4917, which also transferred subsecs. (a) and (b) to section 2291c(b) and (c) of this title, respectively, and repealed the designation, heading, and subsecs. (c) and (d).
heading: Amendments
text: 2024—Subsec. (a)(11)(A). Pub. L. 118–159, § 7808(1), inserted “, xylazine,” after “illicit fentanyl”.
Subsec. (a)(11)(D). Pub. L. 118–159, § 7808(2), inserted third closing parenthesis before “; and”.
2022—Subsec. (a)(10), (11). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5555(a)(1), redesignated second par. (10), relating to separate section that contains identification of the countries that are the most significant sources of illicit fentanyl and fentanyl analogues, as (11).
Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5555(a)(2), added par. (12).
2021—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 117–81, § 6610(c), added par. (10) relating to separate section that contains identification of the countries that are the most significant sources of illicit fentanyl and fentanyl analogues.
Pub. L. 117–81, § 5102(b), added par. (10) relating to separate section that contains an identification of all United States Government-supported units funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs.
2019—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 116–92 added par. (9).
2006—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 109–177 added par. (8).
1995—Pub. L. 104–66, § 1112(c)(1), struck out “for fiscal year 1995” after “Reporting requirements” in section catchline.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–66, § 1112(c)(2), struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “This section applies only during fiscal year 1995. Section 2291i of this title does not apply during that fiscal year.”
1994—Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(A), substituted “for fiscal year 1995” for “for fiscal years 1993 and 1994” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(B)(i), substituted “March 1” for “April 1” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(3)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(B)(ii), redesignated subpars. (C) and (D) as (B) and (C), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “the significant direct or indirect sources of narcotics and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances significantly affecting the United States;”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(D), (E), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and amended heading and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “This section applies only during fiscal years 1993 and 1994. Section 2291i of this title does not apply during those fiscal years.”
Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(C), struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “As used in this section—
“(1) the term ‘precursor chemical’ has the same meaning as the term ‘listed chemical’ has under paragraph (33) of section 802 of title 21; and
“(2) the term ‘major money laundering country’ means a country whose financial institutions engage in currency transactions involving significant amounts of proceeds from international narcotics trafficking.”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–447, § 101(f)(1)(D), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2021 Amendment
text: Amendment by section 6610(c) of Pub. L. 117–81 effective 90 days after Dec. 27, 2021, see section 6610(e) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out as a note under section 2291 of this title.
heading: Rule of Construction
text: Nothing in subtitle C (§§ 5551–5558) of title LV of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, or the amendments made by that subtitle, to be construed as affecting the prioritization of extradition requests, see section 5557 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2291l of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
heading: Plan To Address Diversion of Precursor Chemicals
text: Pub. L. 109–177, title VII, § 722(d), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 269, required the Secretary of State, not later than 180 days after the date on which the President transmits the report required by subsec. (a) of this section, to submit to Congress a comprehensive plan to address the diversion of the chemicals described in subsec. (a)(8)(A)(i) of this section to the illicit production of methamphetamine for each identified country for which the President has not submitted a certification under section 2291j(b) of this title.
heading: Statutory References to Annual Reports, Certifications, and Definitions
text: Pub. L. 102–583, § 6(a), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4932, provided that after Sept. 30, 1994, any reference in any provision of law to section 2291h or 2291j of this title would be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of section 2291i or 2291k of this title, respectively, unless the context required otherwise; any reference in any provision of law enacted before Nov. 2, 1992, to section 2291(e) or (i) of this title be deemed a reference to section 2291h or 2291(e) of this title, respectively; and that any reference in any provision of law enacted before Nov. 2, 1992, to section 2291(h) of this title be deemed, as of Oct. 1, 1992, to be a reference to section 2291j of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–447, title I, § 103(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4693.
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Delegation of Functions
text: For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.