22 U.S.C. § 2211a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2211a. Authorization; implementation; targeted assistance
(a) Authorization
The President is authorized to provide assistance on a non-reimbursable basis for programs in developing countries to increase the availability of credit, including the use of innovative credit scoring models, savings, financial technology, financial literacy, education, insurance, property rights, and other services to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise clients lacking full access to capital, training, technical assistance, and business development services, through—
(1) assistance for the purpose of expanding the availability of credit, savings, and other financial and non-financial services to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise clients, particularly clients owned, managed, and controlled by women;
(2) assistance for the purpose of training, technical assistance, and business development services for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises to enable them to make better use of credit, to better manage their enterprises, to conduct market analysis and product development for expanding domestic and international sales, particularly to United States markets, and to increase their income and build their assets;
(3) capacity-building for financial intermediaries in order to enable them to better meet the credit, savings, and training needs of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises;
(4) policy, regulatory programs, and research at the country level that improve the environment for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, financial intermediaries, and capital markets and institutions that serve the poor and very poor, especially women;
(5) assistance for the purpose of promoting the economic empowerment of women, including through increased access to financial resources and improving property rights, inheritance rights, and other legal protections; and
(6) assistance for the purpose of scaling up evidence-based graduation approaches, which include targeting the very poor and households in ultra-poverty, consumption support, promotion of savings, financial literacy, skills training, and asset transfers.
(b) Implementation
(1) In general
There is authorized to be established within the Agency an office to support the Agency’s efforts to broaden and deepen local financial markets, expand access to appropriate financial products and services, and support the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. The Office shall be headed by a Director who shall possess technical expertise and ability to offer leadership in the field of financial sector development.
(2) Additional provisions
(A) Use of implementing partner organizations
Assistance under this section shall emphasize the use of implementing partner organizations that best meet the requirements of subparagraph (C).
(B) Use of central funding mechanisms
In order to ensure that assistance under this subpart is distributed effectively and efficiently, the office shall provide coordination and support for field-implemented programs, including through targeted core support for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises and local financial markets.
(C) Efficiency and cost-effectiveness
Assistance under this section shall meet high standards of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, particularly by protecting the use and funding of local organizations in countries in which the Agency invests, and shall especially provide the greatest possible resources to the poor and very poor, especially women. When administering assistance under this section, the Administrator shall—
(i) take into consideration the percentage of funds a provider of assistance intends to expend on administrative costs;
(ii) take all appropriate steps to ensure that the provider of assistance keeps administrative costs as low as practicable to ensure the maximum amount of funds are used for directly assisting microfinance and microenterprise clients, for establishing sustainable microfinance and microenterprise institutions, or for advancing the microenterprise development field; and
(iii) give preference to proposals from providers of assistance that are the most technically competitive and have a reasonable allocation to overhead and administrative costs.
(c) Targeted assistance
In carrying out sustainable poverty-focused programs under subsection (a)—
(1) 50 percent of all micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise resources shall be targeted to activities that reach the very poor; and
(2) 50 percent of all small and medium-sized enterprise resources shall be targeted to activities that reach enterprises owned, managed, and controlled by women.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 252, as added Pub. L. 108–484, § 3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3924; amended Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5512.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 252 of Pub. L. 87–195 was classified to section 2212 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(1)(A), title VI, § 605, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942, 961, effective Oct. 1, 1978.
heading: Amendments
text: 2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(1)(A), substituted “credit, including the use of innovative credit scoring models, savings, financial technology, financial literacy, education, insurance, property rights, and other services to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise clients” for “credit, savings, and other services to microfinance and microenterprise clients” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(1)(B), substituted “micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise clients, particularly clients owned, managed, and controlled by women” for “microfinance and microenterprise clients”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(1)(C), substituted “micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises” for “microenterprises”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(1)(D), substituted “financial intermediaries” for “microfinance and microenterprise institutions” and “micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises” for “microfinance and microenterprise clients” and struck out “and” after semicolon at end.
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(1)(E), substituted “micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, financial intermediaries, and capital markets” for “microfinance and microenterprise clients and institutions” and “the poor and very poor, especially women;” for “the poor and very poor.”
Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(1)(F), added pars. (5) and (6).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(2)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There is established within the Agency an office of microenterprise development, which shall be headed by a Director who shall be appointed by the Administrator and who should possess technical expertise and ability to offer leadership in the field of microenterprise development.”
Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(2)(B)(i), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
“(i) Program.—In order to ensure that assistance under this subpart is distributed effectively and efficiently, the office shall also seek to implement a program of central funding under which assistance is administered directly by the office, including through targeted core support for microfinance and microenterprise networks and other practitioners.
“(ii) Funding.—Of the amount made available to carry out this division for a fiscal year, not less than $25,000,000 should be made available to carry out clause (i).”
Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(2)(ii), inserted “, particularly by protecting the use and funding of local organizations in countries in which the Agency invests,” after “and sustainability” and “, especially women” after “the poor and very poor”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(2)(C), struck out par. (3). Text read as follows: “With respect to assistance provided under this section, the office shall be responsible for concurring in the microenterprise development components of strategic plans of missions, bureaus, and other offices of the Agency and providing technical support to field missions to help the missions prepare such components.”
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–428, § 4(b)(3), substituted “subsection (a)—” and pars. (1) and (2) for “subsection (a), 50 percent of all microenterprise resources shall be targeted to clients who are very poor. Specifically, until September 30, 2006, such resources shall be used for—” and former pars. (1) and (2) which identified as entities eligible for microenterprise resources under subsec. (a) programs through certain practitioner institutions and for certain demand-driven business development programs, respectively.