42 U.S.C. § 2215 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 2215. Nuclear Regulatory Commission user fees and annual charges for fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year thereafter
(a) Annual budget justification
(1) In general
In the annual budget justification submitted by the Commission to Congress, the Commission shall expressly identify anticipated expenditures necessary for completion of the requested activities of the Commission anticipated to occur during the applicable fiscal year.
(2) Restriction
Budget authority granted to the Commission for purposes of the requested activities of the Commission shall be used, to the maximum extent practicable, solely for conducting requested activities of the Commission.
(3) Limitation on corporate support costs
With respect to the annual budget justification submitted to Congress, corporate support costs, to the maximum extent practicable, shall not exceed the following percentages of the total budget authority of the Commission requested in the annual budget justification:
(A) 30 percent for each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022.
(B) 30 percent for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.
(4) International nuclear export and innovation activities
The Commission shall identify in the annual budget justification international nuclear export and innovation activities described in section 2155b(a) of this title.
(b) Fees and charges
(1) Annual assessment
(A) In general
Each fiscal year, the Commission shall assess and collect fees and charges in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) in a manner that ensures that, to the maximum extent practicable, the amount assessed and collected is equal to an amount that approximates—
(i) the total budget authority of the Commission for that fiscal year; less
(ii) the budget authority of the Commission for the activities described in subparagraph (B).
(B) Excluded activities described
The activities referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) are the following:
(i) Any fee relief activity, as identified by the Commission.
(ii) Amounts appropriated for a fiscal year to the Commission—
(I) from the Nuclear Waste Fund established under section 10222(c) of this title;
(II) for implementation of section 3116 1 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (50 U.S.C. 2601 note; Public Law 108–375);
(III) for the homeland security activities of the Commission (other than for the costs of fingerprinting and background checks required under section 2169 of this title and the costs of conducting security inspections);
(IV) for the Inspector General services of the Commission provided to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board;
(V) for research and development at universities in areas relevant to the mission of the Commission; and
(VI) for a nuclear science and engineering grant program that will support multiyear projects that do not align with programmatic missions but are critical to maintaining the discipline of nuclear science and engineering.
(iii) Costs for activities related to the development of regulatory infrastructure for advanced nuclear reactor technologies, including activities required under section 103.1
(iv) Costs for international nuclear export and innovation activities described in section 2155b(a) of this title.
(v) The total costs of mission-indirect program support and agency support that, under paragraph (2)(B), may not be included in the hourly rate charged for fees assessed and collected from advanced nuclear reactor applicants.
(vi) The total costs of mission-indirect program support and agency support that, under paragraph (2)(C), may not be included in the hourly rate charged for fees assessed and collected from advanced nuclear reactor pre-applicants.
(vii) Costs for—
(I) activities to review and approve or disapprove an application for an early site permit (as defined in section 52.1 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation)) to demonstrate an advanced nuclear reactor on a Department of Energy site or critical national security infrastructure (as defined in section 327(d) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1722)) site; and
(II) pre-application activities relating to an early site permit (as defined in section 52.1 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation)) to demonstrate an advanced nuclear reactor on a Department of Energy site or critical national security infrastructure (as defined in section 327(d) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1722)) site.
(C) Exception
The exclusion described in subparagraph (B)(iii) shall cease to be effective on January 1, 2031.
(D) Report
Not later than December 31, 2029, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report describing the views of the Commission on the continued appropriateness and necessity of the funding described in subparagraph (B)(iii).
(2) Fees for service or thing of value
(A) In general
In accordance with section 9701 of title 31, the Commission shall assess and collect fees from any person who receives a service or thing of value from the Commission to cover the costs to the Commission of providing the service or thing of value.
(B) Advanced nuclear reactor applicants
The hourly rate charged for fees assessed and collected from an advanced nuclear reactor applicant under this paragraph relating to the review of a submitted application described in section 3(1) may not exceed the hourly rate for mission-direct program salaries and benefits.
(C) Advanced nuclear reactor pre-applicants
The hourly rate charged for fees assessed and collected from an advanced nuclear reactor pre-applicant under this paragraph relating to the review of submitted materials as described in the licensing project plan of an advanced nuclear reactor pre-applicant may not exceed the hourly rate for mission-direct program salaries and benefits.
(3) Annual charges
(A) In general
Subject to subparagraph (B) and except as provided in subparagraph (D), the Commission may charge to any licensee or certificate holder of the Commission an annual charge in addition to the fees assessed and collected under paragraph (2).
(B) Cap on annual charges of certain licensees
(i) Operating reactors
The annual charge under subparagraph (A) charged to an operating reactor licensee, to the maximum extent practicable, shall not exceed the annual fee amount per operating reactor licensee established in the final rule of the Commission entitled “Revision of Fee Schedules; Fee Recovery for Fiscal Year 2015” (80 Fed. Reg. 37432 (June 30, 2015)), as may be adjusted annually by the Commission to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.
(ii) Waiver
The Commission may waive, for a period of 1 year, the cap on annual charges described in clause (i) if the Commission submits to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a written determination that the cap on annual charges may compromise the safety and security mission of the Commission.
(C) Amount per licensee
(i) In general
The Commission shall establish by rule a schedule of annual charges fairly and equitably allocating the aggregate amount of charges described in subparagraph (A) among licensees and certificate holders.
(ii) Requirement
The schedule of annual charges under clause (i)—
(I) to the maximum extent practicable, shall be reasonably related to the cost of providing regulatory services; and
(II) may be based on the allocation of the resources of the Commission among licensees or certificate holders or classes of licensees or certificate holders.
(D) Exemption
(i) Definition of research reactor
In this subparagraph, the term “research reactor” means a nuclear reactor that—
(I) is licensed by the Commission under section 2134(c) of this title for operation at a thermal power level of not more than 10 megawatts; and
(II) if licensed under subclause (I) for operation at a thermal power level of more than 1 megawatt, does not contain—
(aa) a circulating loop through the core in which the licensee conducts fuel experiments;
(bb) a liquid fuel loading; or
(cc) an experimental facility in the core in excess of 16 square inches in cross-section.
(ii) Exemption
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the holder of any license for a federally owned research reactor used primarily for educational training and academic research purposes.
(c) Performance and reporting
(1) In general
Not later than 180 days after January 14, 2019, the Commission shall develop for the requested activities of the Commission—
(A) performance metrics; and
(B) milestone schedules.
(2) Delays in issuance of final safety evaluation
The Executive Director for Operations of the Commission shall inform the Commission of a delay in issuance of the final safety evaluation for a requested activity of the Commission by the completion date required by the performance metrics or milestone schedule under paragraph (1) by not later than 30 days after the completion date.
(3) Delays in issuance of final safety evaluation exceeding 90 days
If the final safety evaluation for the requested activity of the Commission described in paragraph (2) is not completed by the date that is 90 days after the completion date required by the performance metrics or milestone schedule under paragraph (1), the Commission shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a timely report describing the delay, including a detailed explanation accounting for the delay and a plan for timely completion of the final safety evaluation.
(4) Periodic updates to metrics and schedules
(A) Review and assessment
Not less frequently than once every 3 years, the Commission shall review and assess, based on the licensing and regulatory activities of the Commission, the performance metrics and milestone schedules established under paragraph (1).
(B) Revisions
After each review and assessment under subparagraph (A), the Commission shall revise and improve, as appropriate, the performance metrics and milestone schedules described in that subparagraph to provide the most efficient metrics and schedules reasonably achievable.
(d) Accurate invoicing
With respect to invoices for fees described in subsection (b)(2), the Commission shall—
(1) ensure appropriate review and approval prior to the issuance of invoices;
(2) develop and implement processes to audit invoices to ensure accuracy, transparency, and fairness; and
(3) modify regulations to ensure fair and appropriate processes to provide licensees and applicants an opportunity to efficiently dispute or otherwise seek review and correction of errors in invoices for those fees.
(e) Report
Not later than September 30, 2021, the Commission shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report describing the implementation of this section, including any impacts and recommendations for improvement.
(f) Effective date
Except as provided in subsection (c), this section takes effect on October 1, 2020.
(g) Cessation of effectiveness
Paragraphs (1)(B)(vi) and (2)(C) of subsection (b) shall cease to be effective on September 30, 2030.
(Pub. L. 115–439, title I, § 102, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5568; Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title I, § 101(c)(1), title II, §§ 201(b)–(d), 204(a), title V, §§ 503(b), 504, July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1450, 1456, 1460, 1476, 1477.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 3116 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (50 U.S.C. 2601 note; Public Law 108–375), referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii)(II), was formerly set out as a note under section 2602 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and was repealed and restated as section 6192 of Title 10, Armed Forces, by Pub. L. 119–60, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(a), (b)(16), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1395, 1459.
Section 103, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii), is section 103 of Pub. L. 115–439, title I, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5571. Subsec. (a) of section 103 of Pub. L. 115–439 enacted provisions set out as a note under section 2133 of this title. Subsecs. (b) to (e) of section 103 of Pub. L. 115–439 are not classified to the Code.
Section 327(d) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(vii), is section 327(d) of Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title III, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1722, which is not classified to the Code.
Section 3, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), is section 3 of Pub. L. 115–439, which is set out as a note below.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act, and not as part of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 2024—Subsec. (a)(3)(B), (C). Pub. L. 118–67, § 503(b), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpars. (B) and (C) which read as follows:
“(B) 29 percent for each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024.
“(C) 28 percent for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.”
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 118–67, § 101(c)(1)(A), added par. (4).
Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 118–67, § 101(c)(1)(B), added cl. (iv).
Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(v), (vi). Pub. L. 118–67, § 201(b), added cls. (v) and (vi).
Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 118–67, § 204(a), added cl. (vii).
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 118–67, § 201(c), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In accordance with section 9701 of title 31, the Commission shall assess and collect fees from any person who receives a service or thing of value from the Commission to cover the costs to the Commission of providing the service or thing of value.”
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 118–67, § 504(1), substituted “90” for “180” in heading and text.
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 118–67, § 504(2), added par. (4).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 118–67, § 201(d), added subsec. (g).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2024 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title I, § 101(c)(2), July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1451, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2025.”
Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title II, § 201(e), July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1457, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect on October 1, 2025.”
Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title II, § 204(b), July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1460, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2025.”
heading: Purpose
text: Pub. L. 115–439, § 2, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5565, provided that:
“The purpose of this Act [see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 2011 of this title] is to provide—
“(1) a program to develop the expertise and regulatory processes necessary to allow innovation and the commercialization of advanced nuclear reactors;
“(2) a revised fee recovery structure to ensure the availability of resources to meet industry needs without burdening existing licensees unfairly for inaccurate workload projections or premature existing reactor closures; and
“(3) more efficient regulation of uranium recovery.”
[For definition of “advanced nuclear reactors” as used in section 2 of Pub. L. 115–439, set out above, see section 3 of Pub. L. 115–439, set out below.]
heading: Definitions
text: Pub. L. 115–439, § 3, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5565, as amended by Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title II, §§ 201(a), 205(b)(2), title V, § 503(c), July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1455, 1461, 1476, provided that:
“In this Act [see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 2011 of this title]:
“(1) Advanced nuclear reactor.—
The term ‘advanced nuclear reactor’ means a nuclear fission reactor or fusion machine, including a prototype plant (as defined in sections 50.2 and 52.1 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 14, 2019])), with significant improvements compared to commercial nuclear reactors under construction as of the date of enactment of this Act, including improvements such as—
“(A) additional inherent safety features;
“(B) significantly lower levelized cost of electricity;
“(C) lower waste yields;
“(D) greater fuel utilization;
“(E) enhanced reliability;
“(F) increased proliferation resistance;
“(G) increased thermal efficiency; or
“(H) ability to integrate into electric and nonelectric applications.
“(2) Advanced nuclear reactor applicant.—
The term ‘advanced nuclear reactor applicant’ means an entity that has submitted to the Commission an application for a license for an advanced nuclear reactor under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).
“(3) Advanced nuclear reactor fuel.—
The term ‘advanced nuclear reactor fuel’ means fuel for use in an advanced nuclear reactor or a research and test reactor, including fuel with a low uranium enrichment level of not greater than 20 percent.
“(4) Advanced nuclear reactor pre-applicant.—
The term ‘advanced nuclear reactor pre-applicant’ means an entity that has submitted to the Commission a licensing project plan for the purposes of submitting a future application for a license for an advanced nuclear reactor under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).
“(5) Agency support.—
The term ‘agency support’ has the meaning given the term ‘agency support (corporate support and the IG)’ in section 170.3 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation).
“(6) Agreement state.—
The term ‘Agreement State’ means any State with which the Commission has entered into an effective agreement under section 274 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2021(b)).
“(7) Appropriate congressional committees.—
The term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ means the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
“(8) Commission.—
The term ‘Commission’ means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
“(9) Conceptual design assessment.—
The term ‘conceptual design assessment’ means an early-stage review by the Commission that—
“(A) assesses preliminary design information for consistency with applicable regulatory requirements of the Commission;
“(B) is performed on a set of topic areas agreed to in the licensing project plan; and
“(C) is performed at a cost and schedule agreed to in the licensing project plan.
“(10) Corporate support costs.—
“(A) In general.—
The term ‘corporate support costs’ means expenditures for acquisitions, administrative services, financial management, human resource management, information management, information technology, policy support, outreach, and training, as those categories are described and calculated in Appendix A of the Congressional Budget Justification for Fiscal Year 2018 of the Commission.
“(B) Exclusions.—
The term ‘corporate support costs’ does not include—
“(i) costs for rent and utilities relating to any and all space in the Three White Flint North building that is not occupied by the Commission; or
“(ii) costs for salaries, travel, and other support for the Office of the Commission.
“(11) Fusion machine.—
The term ‘fusion machine’ has the meaning given the term in section 11 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014).
“(12) Hourly rate for mission-direct program salaries and benefits.—
The term ‘hourly rate for mission-direct program salaries and benefits’ means the quotient obtained by dividing—
“(A) the full-time equivalent rate (within the meaning of the document of the Commission entitled ‘FY 2023 Final Fee Rule Work Papers’ (or a successor document)) for mission-direct program salaries and benefits for a fiscal year; by
“(B) the productive hours assumption for that fiscal year, determined in accordance with the formula established in the document referred to in subparagraph (A) (or a successor document).
“(13) Licensing project plan.—
The term ‘licensing project plan’ means a plan that describes—
“(A) the interactions between an applicant and the Commission; and
“(B) project schedules and deliverables in specific detail to support long-range resource planning undertaken by the Commission and an applicant.
“(14) Mission-direct program salaries and benefits.—
The term ‘mission-direct program salaries and benefits’ means the resources of the Commission that are allocated to the Nuclear Reactor Safety Program (as determined by the Commission) to perform core work activities committed to fulfilling the mission of the Commission, as described in the document of the Commission entitled ‘FY 2023 Final Fee Rule Work Papers’ (or a successor document).
“(15) Mission-indirect program support.—
The term ‘mission-indirect program support’ has the meaning given the term in section 170.3 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation).
“(16) Regulatory framework.—
The term ‘regulatory framework’ means the framework for reviewing requests for certifications, permits, approvals, and licenses for nuclear reactors.
“(17) Requested activity of the commission.—
The term ‘requested activity of the Commission’ means—
“(A) the processing of applications for—
“(i) design certifications or approvals;
“(ii) licenses;
“(iii) permits;
“(iv) license amendments;
“(v) license renewals;
“(vi) certificates of compliance; and
“(vii) power uprates; and
“(B) any other activity requested by a licensee or applicant.
“(18) Research and test reactor.—
“(A) In general.—
The term ‘research and test reactor’ means a reactor that—
“(i) falls within the licensing and related regulatory authority of the Commission under section 202 of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5842); and
“(ii) is useful in the conduct of research and development activities as licensed under section 104 c. of the Atomic Energy Act [of 1954] (42 U.S.C. 2134(c)).
“(B) Exclusion.—
The term ‘research and test reactor’ does not include a commercial nuclear reactor.
“(19) Secretary.—
The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Energy.
“(20) Standard design approval.—
The term ‘standard design approval’ means the approval of a final standard design or a major portion of a final design standard as described in subpart E of part 52 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act).
“(21) Technology-inclusive regulatory framework.—
The term ‘technology-inclusive regulatory framework’ means a regulatory framework developed using methods of evaluation that are flexible and practicable for application to a variety of reactor technologies, including, where appropriate, the use of risk-informed and performance-based techniques and other tools and methods.
“(22) Topical report.—
The term ‘topical report’ means a document submitted to the Commission that addresses a technical topic related to nuclear reactor safety or design.”