16 U.S.C. § 1244 (CONSERVATION)
§ 1244. National scenic and national historic trails
(a) Establishment and designation; administration
National scenic and national historic trails shall be authorized and designated only by Act of Congress. There are hereby established the following National Scenic and National Historic Trails:
(1) The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, a trail of approximately two thousand miles extending generally along the Appalachian Mountains from Mount Katahdin, Maine, to Springer Mountain, Georgia. Insofar as practicable, the right-of-way for such trail shall comprise the trail depicted on the maps identified as “Nationwide System of Trails, Proposed Appalachian Trail, NST–AT–101–May 1967”, which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director of the National Park Service. Where practicable, such rights-of-way shall include lands protected for it under agreements in effect as of October 2, 1968, to which Federal agencies and States were parties. The Appalachian Trail shall be administered primarily as a footpath by the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture.
(2) The Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail, a trail of approximately two thousand three hundred fifty miles, extending from the Mexican-California border northward generally along the mountain ranges of the west coast States to the Canadian-Washington border near Lake Ross, following the route as generally depicted on the map, identified as “Nationwide System of Trails, Proposed Pacific Crest Trail, NST–PC–103–May 1967” which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Chief of the Forest Service. The Pacific Crest Trail shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior.
(3) The Oregon National Historic Trail, a route of approximately two thousand miles extending from near Independence, Missouri, to the vicinity of Portland, Oregon, following a route as depicted on maps identified as “Primary Route of the Oregon Trail 1841–1848”, in the Department of the Interior’s Oregon Trail study report dated April 1977, and which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director of the National Park Service. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.
(4) The Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, a route of approximately one thousand three hundred miles extending from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Salt Lake City, Utah, following the primary historical route of the Mormon Trail as generally depicted on a map, identified as, “Mormon Trail Vicinity Map, figure 2” in the Department of the Interior Mormon Trail study report dated March 1977, and which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.
(5) The Continental Divide National Scenic Trail, a trail of approximately thirty-one hundred miles, extending from the Montana-Canada border to the New Mexico-Mexico border, following the approximate route depicted on the map, identified as “Proposed Continental Divide National Scenic Trail” in the Department of the Interior Continental Divide Trail study report dated March 1977 and which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Chief, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. The Continental Divide National Scenic Trail shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1246(c) of this title, the use of motorized vehicles on roads which will be designated segments of the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail shall be permitted in accordance with regulations prescribed by the appropriate Secretary. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.
(6) The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, a trail of approximately 4,900 miles, extending from the Ohio River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon, following the outbound and inbound routes of the Lewis and Clark Expedition depicted on the map entitled “Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Authorized Trail Including Proposed Eastern Legacy Extension”, dated April 2018, and numbered 648/143721. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.
(7) The Iditarod National Historic Trail, a route of approximately two thousand miles extending from Seward, Alaska, to Nome, Alaska, following the routes as depicted on maps identified as “Seward-Nome Trail”, in the Department of the Interior’s study report entitled “The Iditarod Trail (Seward-Nome Route) and other Alaskan Gold Rush Trails” dated September 1977. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.
(8) The North Country National Scenic Trail, a trail of approximately 4,600 miles, extending from the Appalachian Trail in Vermont to the vicinity of Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota, following the approximate route depicted on the map identified as “ ‘North 1 Country National Scenic Trail, Authorized Route”, dated February 2014, and numbered 649/116870. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(9) The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, a system totaling approximately two hundred seventy-two miles of trail with routes from the mustering point near Abingdon, Virginia, to Sycamore Shoals (near Elizabethton, Tennessee); from Sycamore Shoals to Quaker Meadows (near Morganton, North Carolina); from the mustering point in Surry County, North Carolina, to Quaker Meadows; and from Quaker Meadows to Kings Mountain, South Carolina, as depicted on the map identified as Map 3—Historic Features—1780 in the draft study report entitled “Overmountain Victory Trail” dated December 1979. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the Director, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior.
(10) The Ice Age National Scenic Trail, a trail of approximately one thousand miles, extending from Door County, Wisconsin, to Interstate Park in Saint Croix County, Wisconsin, generally following the route described in “On the Trail of the Ice Age—A Hiker’s and Biker’s Guide to Wisconsin’s Ice Age National Scientific Reserve and Trail”, by Henry S. Reuss, Member of Congress, dated 1980. The guide and maps shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the Director, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. Overall administration of the trail shall be the responsibility of the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to subsection (d) of this section. The State of Wisconsin, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, may, subject to the approval of the Secretary, prepare a plan for the management of the trail which shall be deemed to meet the requirements of subsection (e) of this section. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1246(c) of this title, snowmobile use may be permitted on segments of the Ice Age National Scenic Trail where deemed appropriate by the Secretary and the managing authority responsible for the segment. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(11) The Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail, a corridor of approximately seven hundred and four miles following the route as generally depicted on the map identified as “National Trails System, Proposed Potomac Heritage Trail” in “The Potomac Heritage Trail”, a report prepared by the Department of the Interior and dated December 1974, except that no designation of the trail shall be made in the State of West Virginia. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall initially consist of only those segments of the corridor located within the exterior boundaries of federally administered areas. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(12) The Natchez Trace National Scenic Trail, a trail system of approximately six hundred and ninety-four miles extending from Nashville, Tennessee, to Natchez, Mississippi, as depicted on the map entitled “Concept Plan, Natchez Trace Trails Study” in “The Natchez Trace”, a report prepared by the Department of the Interior and dated August 1979. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior.
(13) The Florida National Scenic Trail, a route of approximately thirteen hundred miles extending through the State of Florida as generally depicted in “The Florida Trail”, a national scenic trail study draft report prepared by the Department of the Interior and dated February 1980. The report shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Chief of the Forest Service, Washington, District of Columbia. No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Florida Trail except with the consent of the owner thereof. The Secretary of Agriculture may designate lands outside of federally administered areas as segments of the trail, only upon application from the States or local governmental agencies involved, if such segments meet the criteria established in this chapter and are administered by such agencies without expense to the United States. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture.
(14) The Nez Perce National Historic Trail, a route of approximately eleven hundred and seventy miles extending from the vicinity of Wallowa Lake, Oregon, to Bear Paw Mountain, Montana, as generally depicted in “Nez Perce (Nee-Me-Poo) Trail Study Report” prepared by the Department of Agriculture and dated March 1982. The report shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the Chief of the Forest Service, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture. So that significant route segments and sites recognized as associated with the Nez Perce Trail may be distinguished by suitable markers, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to accept the donation of suitable markers for placement at appropriate locations. Any such markers associated with the Nez Perce Trail which are to be located on lands administered by any other department or agency of the United States may be placed on such lands only with the concurrence of the head of such department or agency. No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.
(15) The Santa Fe National Historic Trail, a trail of approximately 950 miles from a point near Old Franklin, Missouri, through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado to Santa Fe, New Mexico, as generally depicted on a map entitled “The Santa Fe Trail” contained in the Final Report of the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, dated July 1976. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Santa Fe Trail except with the consent of the owner thereof. Before acquiring any easement or entering into any cooperative agreement with a private landowner with respect to the trail, the Secretary shall notify the landowner of the potential liability, if any, for injury to the public resulting from physical conditions which may be on the landowner’s land. The United States shall not be held liable by reason of such notice or failure to provide such notice to the landowner. So that significant route segments and sites recognized as associated with the Santa Fe Trail may be distinguished by suitable markers, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to accept the donation of suitable markers for placement at appropriate locations.
(16)
(A) The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, a trail consisting of water routes and overland routes traveled by the Cherokee Nation during its removal from ancestral lands in the East to Oklahoma during 1838 and 1839, generally located within the corridor described through portions of Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma in the final report of the Secretary of the Interior prepared pursuant to subsection (b) of this section entitled “Trail of Tears” and dated June 1986. Maps depicting the corridor shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Trail of Tears except with the consent of the owner thereof.
(B) In carrying out his responsibilities pursuant to sections 1244(f) and 1246(c) of this title, the Secretary of the Interior shall give careful consideration to the establishment of appropriate interpretive sites for the Trail of Tears in the vicinity of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, Fort Smith, Arkansas, Trail of Tears State Park, Missouri, and Tahlequah, Oklahoma.
(C) In addition to the areas otherwise designated under this paragraph, the following routes and land components by which the Cherokee Nation was removed to Oklahoma are components of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, as generally described in the environmentally preferred alternative of the November 2007 Feasibility Study Amendment and Environmental Assessment for Trail of Tears National Historic Trail:
(i) The Benge and Bell routes.
(ii) The land components of the designated water routes in Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Tennessee.
(iii) The routes from the collection forts in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee to the emigration depots.
(iv) The related campgrounds located along the routes and land components described in clauses (i) through (iii).
(D) The Secretary may accept donations for the Trail from private, nonprofit, or tribal organizations. No lands or interests in lands outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail except with the consent of the owner thereof.
(17) The Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail, a trail comprising the overland route traveled by Captain Juan Bautista de Anza of Spain during the years 1775 and 1776 from Sonora, Mexico, to the vicinity of San Francisco, California, of approximately 1,200 miles through Arizona and California, as generally described in the report of the Department of the Interior prepared pursuant to subsection (b) entitled “Juan Bautista de Anza National Trail Study, Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment” and dated August 1986. A map generally depicting the trail shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail without the consent of the owner thereof. In implementing this paragraph, the Secretary shall encourage volunteer trail groups to participate in the development and maintenance of the trail.
(18) The California National Historic Trail, a route of approximately five thousand seven hundred miles, including all routes and cutoffs, extending from Independence and Saint Joseph, Missouri, and Council Bluffs, Iowa, to various points in California and Oregon, as generally described in the report of the Department of the Interior prepared pursuant to subsection (b) of this section entitled “California and Pony Express Trails, Eligibility/Feasibility Study/Environmental Assessment” and dated September 1987. A map generally depicting the route shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the United States for the California National Historic Trail except with the consent of the owner thereof.
(19) The Pony Express National Historic Trail, a route of approximately one thousand nine hundred miles, including the original route and subsequent route changes, extending from Saint Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, as generally described in the report of the Department of the Interior prepared pursuant to subsection (b) of this section entitled “California and Pony Express Trails, Eligibility/Feasibility Study/Environmental Assessment”, and dated September 1987. A map generally depicting the route shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the United States for the Pony Express National Historic Trail except with the consent of the owner thereof.
(20) The Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail, consisting of 54 miles of city streets and United States Highway 80 from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church in Selma to the State Capitol Building in Montgomery, Alabama, traveled by voting rights advocates during March 1965 to dramatize the need for voting rights legislation, as generally described in the report of the Secretary of the Interior prepared pursuant to subsection (b) of this section entitled “Selma to Montgomery” and dated April 1993. Maps depicting the route shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. The trail shall be administered in accordance with this chapter, including section 1246(h) of this title. The Secretary of the Interior, acting through the National Park Service, which shall be the lead Federal agency, shall cooperate with other Federal, State and local authorities to preserve historic sites along the route, including (but not limited to) the Edmund Pettus Bridge and the Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church.
(21) El camino real de tierra adentro.—
(A) El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (the Royal Road of the Interior) National Historic Trail, a 404 mile long trail from the Rio Grande near El Paso, Texas to San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico, as generally depicted on the maps entitled “United States Route: El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro”, contained in the report prepared pursuant to subsection (b) entitled “National Historic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment: El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Texas-New Mexico”, dated March 1997.
(B) Map.—
A map generally depicting the trail shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
(C) Administration.—
The Trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior.
(D) Land acquisition.—
No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro except with the consent of the owner thereof.
(E) Volunteer groups; consultation.—
The Secretary of the Interior shall—
(i) encourage volunteer trail groups to participate in the development and maintenance of the trail; and
(ii) consult with other affected Federal, State, local governmental, and tribal agencies in the administration of the trail.
(F) Coordination of activities.—
The Secretary of the Interior may coordinate with United States and Mexican public and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, and, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the government of Mexico and its political subdivisions, for the purpose of exchanging trail information and research, fostering trail preservation and educational programs, providing technical assistance, and working to establish an international historic trail with complementary preservation and education programs in each nation.
(22) Ala kahakai national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (the Trail by the Sea), a 175 mile long trail extending from ‘Upolu Point on the north tip of Hawaii Island down the west coast of the Island around Ka Lae to the east boundary of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park at the ancient shoreline temple known as “Waha‘ula”, as generally depicted on the map entitled “Ala Kahakai Trail”, contained in the report prepared pursuant to subsection (b) entitled “Ala Kahakai National Trail Study and Environmental Impact Statement”, dated January 1998.
(B) Map.—
A map generally depicting the trail shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
(C) Administration.—
The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior.
(D) Land acquisition.—
No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the United States for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(E) Public participation; consultation.—
The Secretary of the Interior shall—
(i) encourage communities and owners of land along the trail, native Hawaiians, and volunteer trail groups to participate in the planning, development, and maintenance of the trail; and
(ii) consult with affected Federal, State, and local agencies, native Hawaiian groups, and landowners in the administration of the trail.
(23) Old spanish national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Old Spanish National Historic Trail, an approximately 2,700 mile long trail extending from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to Los Angeles, California, that served as a major trade route between 1829 and 1848, as generally depicted on the maps numbered 1 through 9, as contained in the report entitled “Old Spanish Trail National Historic Trail Feasibility Study”, dated July 2001, including the Armijo Route, Northern Route, North Branch, and Mojave Road.
(B) Map.—
A map generally depicting the trail shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the Department of the Interior.
(C) Administration.—
The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this paragraph as the “Secretary”).
(D) Land acquisition.—
The United States shall not acquire for the trail any land or interest in land outside the exterior boundary of any federally-managed area without the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(E) Consultation.—
The Secretary shall consult with other Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies in the administration of the trail.
(F) Additional routes.—
The Secretary may designate additional routes to the trail if—
(i) the additional routes were included in the Old Spanish Trail National Historic Trail Feasibility Study, but were not recommended for designation as a national historic trail; and
(ii) the Secretary determines that the additional routes were used for trade and commerce between 1829 and 1848.
(24) El camino real de los tejas national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
El Camino Real de los Tejas (the Royal Road to the Tejas) National Historic Trail, a combination of historic routes (including the Old San Antonio Road) totaling approximately 2,580 miles, extending from the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass and Laredo, Texas, to Natchitoches, Louisiana, as generally depicted on the map entitled “El Camino Real de los Tejas” contained in the report entitled “National Historic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment: El Camino Real de los Tejas, Texas-Louisiana”, dated July 1998.
(B) Map.—
A map generally depicting the trail shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service.
(C) Administration.—
(i) The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this paragraph as “the Secretary”) shall administer the trail.
(ii) The Secretary shall administer those portions of the trail on non-Federal land only with the consent of the owner of such land and when such trail portion qualifies for certification as an officially established component of the trail, consistent with section 1242(a)(3) of this title. An owner’s approval of a certification agreement shall satisfy the consent requirement. A certification agreement may be terminated at any time.
(iii) The designation of the trail does not authorize any person to enter private property without the consent of the owner.
(D) Consultation.—
The Secretary shall consult with appropriate State and local agencies in the planning and development of the trail.
(E) Coordination of activities.—
The Secretary may coordinate with United States and Mexican public and nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, and, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Government of Mexico and its political subdivisions, for the purpose of exchanging trail information and research, fostering trail preservation and educational programs, providing technical assistance, and working to establish an international historic trail with complementary preservation and education programs in each nation.
(F) Land acquisition.—
The United States shall not acquire for the trail any land or interest in land outside the exterior boundary of any federally-administered area without the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(25) Captain john smith chesapeake national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, a series of water routes extending approximately 3,000 miles along the Chesapeake Bay and the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay in the States of Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, and in the District of Columbia, that traces the 1607–1609 voyages of Captain John Smith to chart the land and waterways of the Chesapeake Bay, as generally depicted on the map entitled “Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail Map MD, VA, DE, and DC”, numbered P–16/8000 (CAJO), and dated May 2006.
(B) Map.—
The map referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service.
(C) Administration.—
The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior—
(i) in coordination with—
(I) the Chesapeake Bay Gateways and Watertrails Network authorized under the Chesapeake Bay Initiative Act of 1998 (112 Stat. 2961); and
(II) the Chesapeake Bay Program authorized under section 1267 of title 33; and
(ii) in consultation with—
(I) other Federal, State, tribal, regional, and local agencies; and
(II) the private sector.
(D) Land acquisition.—
The United States shall not acquire for the trail any land or interest in land outside the exterior boundary of any federally-managed area without the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(26) Star-spangled banner national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail, a trail consisting of water and overland routes totaling approximately 290 miles, extending from Tangier Island, Virginia, through southern Maryland, the District of Columbia, and northern Virginia, in the Chesapeake Bay, Patuxent River, Potomac River, and north to the Patapsco River, and Baltimore, Maryland, commemorating the Chesapeake Campaign of the War of 1812 (including the British invasion of Washington, District of Columbia, and its associated feints, and the Battle of Baltimore in summer 1814), as generally depicted on the map titled “Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail”, numbered T02/80,000, and dated June 2007.
(B) Map.—
The map referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be maintained on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service.
(C) Administration.—
Subject to subparagraph (E)(ii), the trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior.
(D) Land acquisition.—
No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the United States for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(E) Public participation.—
The Secretary of the Interior shall—
(i) encourage communities, owners of land along the trail, and volunteer trail groups to participate in the planning, development, and maintenance of the trail; and
(ii) consult with other affected landowners and Federal, State, and local agencies in the administration of the trail.
(F) Interpretation and assistance.—
Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of the Interior may provide, to State and local governments and nonprofit organizations, interpretive programs and services and technical assistance for use in—
(i) carrying out preservation and development of the trail; and
(ii) providing education relating to the War of 1812 along the trail.
(27) Arizona national scenic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Arizona National Scenic Trail, extending approximately 807 miles across the State of Arizona from the U.S.–Mexico international border to the Arizona–Utah border, as generally depicted on the map entitled “Arizona National Scenic Trail” and dated December 5, 2007, to be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and appropriate State, tribal, and local governmental agencies.
(B) Availability of map.—
The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in appropriate offices of the Forest Service.
(28) New england national scenic trail.—
The New England National Scenic Trail, a continuous trail extending approximately 220 miles from the border of New Hampshire in the town of Royalston, Massachusetts to Long Island Sound in the town of Guilford, Connecticut, as generally depicted on the map titled “New England National Scenic Trail Proposed Route”, numbered T06/80,000, and dated October 2007. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service. The Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with appropriate Federal, State, tribal, regional, and local agencies, and other organizations, shall administer the trail after considering the recommendations of the report titled the “Metacomet Monadnock Mattabesset Trail System National Scenic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment”, prepared by the National Park Service, and dated Spring 2006. The United States shall not acquire for the trail any land or interest in land without the consent of the owner.
(29) Washington-rochambeau revolutionary route national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route National Historic Trail, a corridor of approximately 600 miles following the route taken by the armies of General George Washington and Count Rochambeau between Newport, Rhode Island, and Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781 and 1782, as generally depicted on the map entitled “WASHINGTON-ROCHAMBEAU REVOLUTIONARY ROUTE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL”, numbered T01/80,001, and dated June 2007.
(B) Map.—
The map referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service.
(C) Administration.—
The trail shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with—
(i) other Federal, State, tribal, regional, and local agencies; and
(ii) the private sector.
(D) Land acquisition.—
The United States shall not acquire for the trail any land or interest in land outside the exterior boundary of any federally-managed area without the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(30) Pacific northwest national scenic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail, a trail of approximately 1,200 miles, extending from the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana, to the Pacific Ocean Coast in Olympic National Park, Washington, following the route depicted on the map entitled “Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail: Proposed Trail”, numbered T12/80,000, and dated February 2008 (referred to in this paragraph as the “map”).
(B) Availability of map.—
The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the Forest Service.
(C) Administration.—
The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture.
(D) Land acquisition.—
The United States shall not acquire for the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail any land or interest in land outside the exterior boundary of any federally-managed area without the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(31) Butterfield overland national historic trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail, a trail of approximately 3,292 miles following the route operated by the Butterfield Overland Mail Company, known as the “Ox-Bow Route”, to transport mail and passengers between the eastern termini of St. Louis, Missouri, and Memphis, Tennessee, and extending westward through the States of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, to the western terminus of San Francisco, California, as generally depicted on the maps numbered 1 through 15, entitled “Study Route Maps”, and contained in the report prepared by the National Park Service entitled “Butterfield Overland Trail National Historical Trail Special Resource Study” and dated May 2018.
(B) Maps.—
The maps described in subparagraph (A) shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service.
(C) Administration.—
The trail established by subparagraph (A) shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior.
(D) Land acquisition.—
The United States shall not acquire for the trail established by subparagraph (A) any land or interest in land outside of the exterior boundary of any federally administered area without the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.
(E) No buffer zone created.—
(i) In general.—
Nothing in this paragraph, the acquisition of land or an interest in land authorized by this paragraph, or any management plan for the Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail creates a buffer zone outside of the Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail.
(ii) Outside activities.—
The fact that an activity or use on land outside the Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail can be seen, heard, or detected from land or an interest in land acquired for the Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail shall not preclude, limit, control, regulate, or determine the conduct or management of the activity or use.
(F) Effect on energy development, production, or transmission.—
Nothing in this paragraph, the acquisition of land or an interest in land authorized by this paragraph, or any management plan for the Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail shall prohibit, hinder, or disrupt the development, production, or transmission of energy.
(G) No eminent domain or condemnation.—
In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary of the Interior may not use eminent domain or condemnation.
(b) Additional national scenic or national historic trails; feasibility studies; consultations; submission of studies to Congress; scope of studies; qualifications for national historic trail designation
The Secretary of the Interior, through the agency most likely to administer such trail, and the Secretary of Agriculture where lands administered by him are involved, shall make such additional studies as are herein or may hereafter be authorized by the Congress for the purpose of determining the feasibility and desirability of designating other trails as national scenic or national historic trails. Such studies shall be made in consultation with the heads of other Federal agencies administering lands through which such additional proposed trails would pass and in cooperation with interested interstate, State, and local governmental agencies, public and private organizations, and landowners and land users concerned. The feasibility of designating a trail shall be determined on the basis of an evaluation of whether or not it is physically possible to develop a trail along a route being studied, and whether the development of a trail would be financially feasible. The studies listed in subsection (c) of this section shall be completed and submitted to the Congress, with recommendations as to the suitability of trail designation, not later than three complete fiscal years from the date of enactment of their addition to this subsection, or from November 10, 1978, whichever is later. Such studies, when submitted, shall be printed as a House or Senate document, and shall include, but not be limited to:
(1) the proposed route of such trail (including maps and illustrations);
(2) the areas adjacent to such trails, to be utilized for scenic, historic, natural, cultural, or developmental, purposes;
(3) the characteristics which, in the judgment of the appropriate Secretary, make the proposed trail worthy of designation as a national scenic or national historic trail; and in the case of national historic trails the report shall include the recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior’s National Park System Advisory Board as to the national historic significance based on the criteria developed under the Historic Sites Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 461); 2
(4) the current status of land ownership and current and potential use along the designated route;
(5) the estimated cost of acquisition of lands or interests in lands, if any;
(6) the plans for developing and maintaining the trail and the cost thereof;
(7) the proposed Federal administering agency (which, in the case of a national scenic trail wholly or substantially within a national forest, shall be the Department of Agriculture);
(8) the extent to which a State or its political subdivisions and public and private organizations might reasonably be expected to participate in acquiring the necessary lands and in the administration thereof;
(9) the relative uses of the lands involved, including: the number of anticipated visitor-days for the entire length of, as well as for segments of, such trail; the number of months which such trail, or segments thereof, will be open for recreation purposes; the economic and social benefits which might accrue from alternate land uses; and the estimated man-years of civilian employment and expenditures expected for the purposes of maintenance, supervision, and regulation of such trail;
(10) the anticipated impact of public outdoor recreation use on the preservation of a proposed national historic trail and its related historic and archeological features and settings, including the measures proposed to ensure evaluation and preservation of the values that contribute to their national historic significance; and
(11) to qualify for designation as a national historic trail, a trail must meet all three of the following criteria:
(A) It must be a trail or route established by historic use and must be historically significant as a result of that use. The route need not currently exist as a discernible trail to qualify, but its location must be sufficiently known to permit evaluation of public recreation and historical interest potential. A designated trail should generally accurately follow the historic route, but may deviate somewhat on occasion of necessity to avoid difficult routing through subsequent development, or to provide some route variation offering a more pleasurable recreational experience. Such deviations shall be so noted on site. Trail segments no longer possible to travel by trail due to subsequent development as motorized transportation routes may be designated and marked onsite as segments which link to the historic trail.
(B) It must be of national significance with respect to any of several broad facets of American history, such as trade and commerce, exploration, migration and settlement, or military campaigns. To qualify as nationally significant, historic use of the trail must have had a far-reaching effect on broad patterns of American culture. Trails significant in the history of native Americans may be included.
(C) It must have significant potential for public recreational use or historical interest based on historic interpretation and appreciation. The potential for such use is generally greater along roadless segments developed as historic trails, and at historic sites associated with the trail. The presence of recreation potential not related to historic appreciation is not sufficient justification for designation under this category.
(c) Routes subject to consideration for designation as national scenic trails
The following routes shall be studied in accordance with the objectives outlined in subsection (b) of this section:
(1) Continental Divide Trail, a three-thousand-one-hundred-mile trail extending from near the Mexican border in southwestern New Mexico northward generally along the Continental Divide to the Canadian border in Glacier National Park.
(2) Potomac Heritage Trail, an eight-hundred-and-twenty-five-mile trail extending generally from the mouth of the Potomac River to its sources in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, including the one-hundred-and-seventy-mile Chesapeake and Ohio Canal towpath.
(3) Old Cattle Trails of the Southwest from the vicinity of San Antonio, Texas, approximately eight hundred miles through Oklahoma via Baxter Springs and Chetopa, Kansas, to Fort Scott, Kansas, including the Chisholm Trail, from the vicinity of San Antonio or Cuero, Texas, approximately eight hundred miles north through Oklahoma to Abilene, Kansas.
(4) Lewis and Clark Trail, from Wood River, Illinois, to the Pacific Ocean in Oregon, following both the outbound and inbound routes of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
(5) Natchez Trace, from Nashville, Tennessee, approximately six hundred miles to Natchez, Mississippi.
(6) North Country Trail, from the Appalachian Trail in Vermont, approximately three thousand two hundred miles through the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, to the Lewis and Clark Trail in North Dakota.
(7) Kittanning Trail from Shirleysburg in Huntingdon County to Kittanning, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania.
(8) Oregon Trail, from Independence, Missouri, approximately two thousand miles to near Fort Vancouver, Washington.
(9) Santa Fe Trail, from Independence, Missouri, approximately eight hundred miles to Santa Fe, New Mexico.
(10) Long Trail, extending two hundred and fifty-five miles from the Massachusetts border northward through Vermont to the Canadian border.
(11) Mormon Trail, extending from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Salt Lake City, Utah, through the States of Iowa, Nebraska, and Wyoming.
(12) Gold Rush Trails in Alaska.
(13) Mormon Battalion Trail, extending two thousand miles from Mount Pisgah, Iowa, through Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona to Los Angeles, California.
(14) El Camino Real from St. Augustine to San Mateo, Florida, approximately 20 miles along the southern boundary of the St. Johns River from Fort Caroline National Memorial to the St. Augustine National Park Monument.
(15) Bartram Trail, extending through the States of Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
(16) Daniel Boone Trail, extending from the vicinity of Statesville, North Carolina, to Fort Boonesborough State Park, Kentucky.
(17) Desert Trail, extending from the Canadian border through parts of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, California, and Arizona, to the Mexican border.
(18) Dominguez-Escalante Trail, extending approximately two thousand miles along the route of the 1776 expedition led by Father Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Father Silvestre Velez de Escalante, originating in Santa Fe, New Mexico; proceeding northwest along the San Juan, Dolores, Gunnison, and White Rivers in Colorado; thence westerly to Utah Lake; thence southward to Arizona and returning to Santa Fe.
(19) Florida Trail, extending north from Everglades National Park, including the Big Cypress Swamp, the Kissimmee Prairie, the Withlacoochee State Forest, Ocala National Forest, Osceola National Forest, and Black Water River State Forest, said completed trail to be approximately one thousand three hundred miles long, of which over four hundred miles of trail have already been built.
(20) Indian Nations Trail, extending from the Red River in Oklahoma approximately two hundred miles northward through the former Indian nations to the Oklahoma-Kansas boundary line.
(21) Nez Perce Trail extending from the vicinity of Wallowa Lake, Oregon, to Bear Paw Mountain, Montana.
(22) Pacific Northwest Trail, extending approximately one thousand miles from the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana, to the Pacific Ocean beach of Olympic National Park, Washington, by way of—
(A) Flathead National Forest and Kootenai National Forest in the State of Montana;
(B) Kaniksu National Forest in the State of Idaho; and
(C) Colville National Forest, Okanogan National Forest, Pasayten Wilderness Area, Ross Lake National Recreation Area, North Cascades National Park, Mount Baker, the Skagit River, Deception Pass, Whidbey Island, Olympic National Forest, and Olympic National Park in the State of Washington.
(23) Overmountain Victory Trail, extending from the vicinity of Elizabethton, Tennessee, to Kings Mountain National Military Park, South Carolina.
(24) Juan Bautista de Anza Trail, following the overland route taken by Juan Bautista de Anza in connection with his travels from the United Mexican States to San Francisco, California.
(25) Trail of Tears, including the associated forts and specifically, Fort Mitchell, Alabama, and historic properties, extending from the vicinity of Murphy, North Carolina, through Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas, to the vicinity of Tahlequah, Oklahoma.
(26) Illinois Trail, extending from the Lewis and Clark Trail at Wood River, Illinois, to the Chicago Portage National Historic Site, generally following the Illinois River and the Illinois and Michigan Canal.
(27) Jedediah Smith Trail, to include the routes of the explorations led by Jedediah Smith—
(A) during the period 1826–1827, extending from the Idaho-Wyoming border, through the Great Salt Lake, Sevier, Virgin, and Colorado River Valleys, and the Mojave Desert, to the San Gabriel Mission, California; thence through the Tehachapi Mountains, San Joaquin and Stanislaus River Valleys, Ebbetts Pass, Walker River Valley, Bald Mount, Mount Grafton, and Great Salt Lake to Bear Lake, Utah; and
(B) during 1828, extending from the Sacramento and Trinity River Valleys along the Pacific coastline, through the Smith and Willamette River Valleys to the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Washington, on the Columbia River.
(28) General Crook Trail, extending from Prescott, Arizona, across the Mogollon Rim to Fort Apache.
(29) Beale Wagon Road, within the Kaibab and Coconino National Forests in Arizona: Provided, That such study may be prepared in conjunction with ongoing planning processes for these National Forests to be completed before 1990.
(30) Pony Express Trail, extending from Saint Joseph, Missouri, through Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, to Sacramento, California, as indicated on a map labeled “Potential Pony Express Trail”, dated October 1983 and the California Trail, extending from the vicinity of Omaha, Nebraska, and Saint Joseph, Missouri, to various points in California, as indicated on a map labeled “Potential California Trail” and dated August 1, 1983. Notwithstanding subsection (b) of this section, the study under this paragraph shall be completed and submitted to the Congress no later than the end of two complete fiscal years beginning after August 28, 1984. Such study shall be separated into two portions, one relating to the Pony Express Trail and one relating to the California Trail.
(31) De Soto Trail, the approximate route taken by the expedition of the Spanish explorer Hernado de Soto in 1539, extending through portions of the States of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, to the area of Little Rock, Arkansas, on to Texas and Louisiana, and any other States which may have been crossed by the expedition. The study under this paragraph shall be prepared in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, except that it shall be completed and submitted to the Congress with recommendations as to the trail’s suitability for designation not later than one calendar year after December 11, 1987.
(32) Coronado Trail, the approximate route taken by the expedition of the Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado between 1540 and 1542, extending through portions of the States of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The study under this paragraph shall be prepared in accordance with subsection (b) of this section. In conducting the study under this paragraph, the Secretary shall provide for (A) the review of all original Spanish documentation on the Coronado Trail, (B) the continuing search for new primary documentation on the trail, and (C) the examination of all information on the archeological sites along the trail.
(33) The route from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama traveled by people in a march dramatizing the need for voting rights legislation, in March 1965, includes Sylvan South Street, Water Avenue, the Edmund Pettus Bridge, and Highway 80. The study under this paragraph shall be prepared in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, except that it shall be completed and submitted to the Congress with recommendations as to the trail’s suitability for designation not later than 1 year after July 3, 1990.
(34) American Discovery Trail, extending from Pt. Reyes, California, across the United States through Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia, to Cape Henlopen State Park, Delaware; to include in the central United States a northern route through Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana and a southern route through Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana.
(35) Ala Kahakai Trail in the State of Hawaii, an ancient Hawaiian trail on the Island of Hawaii extending from the northern tip of the Island of Hawaii approximately 175 miles along the western and southern coasts to the northern boundary of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
(36)
(A) El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the approximately 1,800 mile route extending from Mexico City, Mexico, across the international border at El Paso, Texas, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.
(B) The study shall—
(i) examine changing routes within the general corridor;
(ii) examine major connecting branch routes; and
(iii) give due consideration to alternative name designations.
(C) The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to work in cooperation with the Government of Mexico (including, but not limited to providing technical assistance) to determine the suitability and feasibility of establishing an international historic route along the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
(37)
(A) El Camino Real Para Los Texas, the approximate series of routes from Saltillo, Monclova, and Guerrero, Mexico across Texas through San Antonio and Nacogdoches, to the vicinity of Los Adaes, Louisiana, together with the evolving routes later known as the San Antonio Road.
(B) The study shall—
(i) examine the changing roads within the historic corridor;
(ii) examine the major connecting branch routes;
(iii) determine the individual or combined suitability and feasibility of routes for potential national historic trail designation;
(iv) consider the preservation heritage plan developed by the Texas Department of Transportation entitled “A Texas Legacy: The Old San Antonio Road and the Caminos Reales”, dated January, 1991; and
(v) make recommendations concerning the suitability and feasibility of establishing an international historical park where the trail crosses the United States-Mexico border at Maverick County, Texas, and Guerrero, Mexico.
(C) The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to work in cooperation with the government of Mexico (including, but not limited to providing technical assistance) to determine the suitability and feasibility of establishing an international historic trail along the El Camino Real Para Los Texas.
(D) The study shall be undertaken in consultation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development and the Texas Department of Transportation.
(E) The study shall consider alternative name designations for the trail.
(F) The study shall be completed no later than two years after the date funds are made available for the study.
(38) The Old Spanish Trail, beginning in Santa Fe, New Mexico, proceeding through Colorado and Utah, and ending in Los Angeles, California, and the Northern Branch of the Old Spanish Trail, beginning near Espanola, New Mexico, proceeding through Colorado, and ending near Crescent Junction, Utah.
(39) The Great Western Scenic Trail, a system of trails to accommodate a variety of travel users in a corridor of approximately 3,100 miles in length extending from the Arizona-Mexico border to the Idaho-Montana-Canada border, following the approximate route depicted on the map identified as “Great Western Trail Corridor, 1988”, which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the Chief of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. The trail study shall be conducted by the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, in accordance with subsection (b) and shall include—
(A) the current status of land ownership and current and potential use along the designated route;
(B) the estimated cost of acquisition of lands or interests in lands, if any; and
(C) an examination of the appropriateness of motorized trail use along the trail.
(40) Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail, tracing the War of 1812 route from the arrival of the British fleet in the Patuxent River in Calvert County and St. Mary’s County, Maryland, the landing of the British forces at Benedict, the sinking of the Chesapeake Flotilla at Pig Point, the American defeat at the Battle of Bladensburg, the siege of the Nation’s Capital, Washington, District of Columbia (including the burning of the United States Capitol and the White House), the British naval diversions in the upper Chesapeake Bay leading to the Battle of Caulk’s Field in Kent County, Maryland, the route of the American troops from Washington through Georgetown, the Maryland Counties of Montgomery, Howard, and Baltimore, and the City of Baltimore, Maryland, to the Battle of North Point, and the ultimate victory of the Americans at Fort McHenry on September 14, 1814.
(B) Affected areas.—
The trail crosses eight counties within the boundaries of the State of Maryland, the City of Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, District of Columbia.
(C) Coordination with other congressionally mandated activities.—
The study under this paragraph shall be undertaken in coordination with the study authorized under section 603 of the Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management Act of 1996 (110 Stat. 4172) and the Chesapeake Bay Gateways and Watertrails Network authorized under the Chesapeake Bay Initiative Act of 1998 (112 Stat. 2961). Such coordination shall extend to any research needed to complete the studies and any findings and implementation actions that result from the studies and shall use available resources to the greatest extent possible to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort.
(D) Deadline for study.—
Not later than 2 years after funds are made available for the study under this paragraph, the study shall be completed and transmitted with final recommendations to the Committee on Resources in the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in the Senate.
(41) Metacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett Trail.—
The Metacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett Trail, a system of trails and potential trails extending southward approximately 180 miles through western Massachusetts on the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, across central Connecticut on the Metacomet Trail and the Mattabesett Trail, and ending at Long Island Sound.
(42) The Long Walk Trail, a series of routes which the Navajo and Mescalero Apache Indian tribes were forced to walk beginning in the fall of 1863 as a result of their removal by the United States Government from their ancestral lands, generally located within a corridor extending through portions of Canyon de Chelley, Arizona, and Albuquerque, Canyon Blanco, Anton Chico, Canyon Piedra Pintado, and Fort Sumner, New Mexico.
(43)
(A) The Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Watertrail, a series of routes extending approximately 3,000 miles along the Chesapeake Bay and the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay in the States of Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware and the District of Columbia that traces Captain John Smith’s voyages charting the land and waterways of the Chesapeake Bay and the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay.
(B) The study shall be conducted in consultation with Federal, State, regional, and local agencies and representatives of the private sector, including the entities responsible for administering—
(i) the Chesapeake Bay Gateways and Watertrails Network authorized under the Chesapeake Bay Initiative Act of 1998 (title V of Public Law 105–312); and
(ii) the Chesapeake Bay Program authorized under section 1267 of title 33.
(C) The study shall include an extensive analysis of the potential impacts the designation of the trail as a national historic watertrail is likely to have on land and water, including docks and piers, along the proposed route or bordering the study route that is privately owned at the time the study is conducted.
(44) Chisholm Trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Chisholm Trail (also known as the “Abilene Trail”), from the vicinity of San Antonio, Texas, segments from the vicinity of Cuero, Texas, to Ft. Worth, Texas, Duncan, Oklahoma, alternate segments used through Oklahoma, to Enid, Oklahoma, Caldwell, Kansas, Wichita, Kansas, Abilene, Kansas, and commonly used segments running to alternative Kansas destinations.
(B) Requirement.—
In conducting the study required under this paragraph, the Secretary of the Interior shall identify the point at which the trail originated south of San Antonio, Texas.
(45) Great Western Trail.—
(A) In general.—
The Great Western Trail (also known as the “Dodge City Trail”), from the vicinity of San Antonio, Texas, north-by-northwest through the vicinities of Kerrville and Menard, Texas, north-by-northeast through the vicinities of Coleman and Albany, Texas, north through the vicinity of Vernon, Texas, to Doan’s Crossing, Texas, northward through or near the vicinities of Altus, Lone Wolf, Canute, Vici, and May, Oklahoma, north through Kansas to Dodge City, and north through Nebraska to Ogallala.
(B) Requirement.—
In conducting the study required under this paragraph, the Secretary of the Interior shall identify the point at which the trail originated south of San Antonio, Texas.
(46) Pike national historic trail.—
The Pike National Historic Trail, a series of routes extending approximately 3,664 miles, which follows the route taken by Lt. Zebulon Montgomery Pike during the 1806–1807 Pike expedition that began in Fort Bellefontaine, Missouri, extended through portions of the States of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, and ended in Natchitoches, Louisiana.
(47) Emancipation national historic trail.—
The Emancipation National Historic Trail, extending approximately 51 miles from the Osterman Building and Reedy Chapel in Galveston, Texas, along Texas State Highway 3 and Interstate Highway 45 North, to Freedmen’s Town, then to Independence Heights and Emancipation Park in Houston, Texas, following the migration route taken by newly freed slaves and other persons of African descent from the major 19th century seaport town of Galveston to the burgeoning community of Freedmen’s Town, located in the 4th Ward of Houston, Texas.
(d) Trail advisory councils; establishment and termination; term and compensation; membership; chairman
The Secretary charged with the administration of each respective trail shall, within one year of the date of the addition of any national scenic or national historic trail to the System, and within sixty days of November 10, 1978, for the Appalachian and Pacific Crest National Scenic Trails, establish an advisory council for each such trail, each of which councils shall expire ten years from the date of its establishment, except that the Advisory Council established for the Iditarod Historic Trail shall expire twenty years from the date of its establishment. If the appropriate Secretary is unable to establish such an advisory council because of the lack of adequate public interest, the Secretary shall so advise the appropriate committees of the Congress. The appropriate Secretary shall consult with such council from time to time with respect to matters relating to the trail, including the selection of rights-of-way, standards for the erection and maintenance of markers along the trail, and the administration of the trail. The members of each advisory council, which shall not exceed thirty-five in number, shall serve for a term of two years and without compensation as such, but the Secretary may pay, upon vouchers signed by the chairman of the council, the expenses reasonably incurred by the council and its members in carrying out their responsibilities under this section. Members of each council shall be appointed by the appropriate Secretary as follows:
(1) the head of each Federal department or independent agency administering lands through which the trail route passes, or his designee;
(2) a member appointed to represent each State through which the trail passes, and such appointments shall be made from recommendations of the Governors of such States;
(3) one or more members appointed to represent private organizations, including corporate and individual landowners and land users, which in the opinion of the Secretary, have an established and recognized interest in the trail, and such appointments shall be made from recommendations of the heads of such organizations: Provided, That the Appalachian Trail Conference shall be represented by a sufficient number of persons to represent the various sections of the country through which the Appalachian Trail passes; and
(4) the Secretary shall designate one member to be chairman and shall fill vacancies in the same manner as the original appointment.
(e) Comprehensive national scenic trail plan; consultation; submission to Congressional committees
Within two complete fiscal years of the date of enactment of legislation designating a national scenic trail, except for the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail and the North Country National Scenic Trail, as part of the system, and within two complete fiscal years of November 10, 1978, for the Pacific Crest and Appalachian Trails, the responsible Secretary shall, after full consultation with affected Federal land managing agencies, the Governors of the affected States, the relevant advisory council established pursuant to subsection (d), and the Appalachian Trail Conference in the case of the Appalachian Trail, submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a comprehensive plan for the acquisition, management, development, and use of the trail, including but not limited to, the following items:
(1) specific objectives and practices to be observed in the management of the trail, including the identification of all significant natural, historical, and cultural resources to be preserved (along with high potential historic sites and high potential route segments in the case of national historic trails), details of anticipated cooperative agreements to be consummated with other entities, and an identified carrying capacity of the trail and a plan for its implementation;
(2) an acquisition or protection plan, by fiscal year, for all lands to be acquired by fee title or lesser interest, along with detailed explanation of anticipated necessary cooperative agreements for any lands not to be acquired; and
(3) general and site-specific development plans including anticipated costs.
(f) Comprehensive national historic trail plan; consultation; submission to Congressional committees
Within two complete fiscal years of the date of enactment of legislation designating a national historic trail or the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail or the North Country National Scenic Trail as part of the system, the responsible Secretary shall, after full consultation with affected Federal land managing agencies, the Governors of the affected States, and the relevant Advisory Council established pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, submit to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a comprehensive plan for the management, and use of the trail, including but not limited to, the following items:
(1) specific objectives and practices to be observed in the management of the trail, including the identification of all significant natural, historical, and cultural resources to be preserved, details of any anticipated cooperative agreements to be consummated with State and local government agencies or private interests, and for national scenic or national historic trails an identified carrying capacity of the trail and a plan for its implementation;
(2) the process to be followed by the appropriate Secretary to implement the marking requirements established in section 1246(c) of this title;
(3) a protection plan for any high potential historic sites or high potential route segments; and
(4) general and site-specific development plans, including anticipated costs.
(g) Revision of feasibility and suitability studies of existing national historic trails
(1) Definitions
In this subsection:
(A) Route
The term “route” includes a trail segment commonly known as a cutoff.
(B) Shared route
The term “shared route” means a route that was a segment of more than 1 historic trail, including a route shared with an existing national historic trail.
(2) Requirements for revision
(A) In general
The Secretary of the Interior shall revise the feasibility and suitability studies for certain national trails for consideration of possible additions to the trails.
(B) Study requirements and objectives
The study requirements and objectives specified in subsection (b) shall apply to a study required by this subsection.
(C) Completion and submission of study
A study listed in this subsection shall be completed and submitted to Congress not later than 3 complete fiscal years from the date funds are made available for the study.
(3) Oregon National Historic Trail
(A) Study required
The Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a study of the routes of the Oregon Trail listed in subparagraph (B) and generally depicted on the map entitled “Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870” and dated 1991/1993, and of such other routes of the Oregon Trail that the Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of 1 or more of the routes as components of the Oregon National Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes
The routes to be studied under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
(i) Whitman Mission route.
(ii) Upper Columbia River.
(iii) Cowlitz River route.
(iv) Meek cutoff.
(v) Free Emigrant Road.
(vi) North Alternate Oregon Trail.
(vii) Goodale’s cutoff.
(viii) North Side alternate route.
(ix) Cutoff to Barlow Road.
(x) Naches Pass Trail.
(4) Pony Express National Historic Trail
The Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a study of the approximately 20-mile southern alternative route of the Pony Express Trail from Wathena, Kansas, to Troy, Kansas, and such other routes of the Pony Express Trail that the Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of 1 or more of the routes as components of the Pony Express National Historic Trail.
(5) California National Historic Trail
(A) Study required
The Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a study of the Missouri Valley, central, and western routes of the California Trail listed in subparagraph (B) and generally depicted on the map entitled “Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870” and dated 1991/1993, and of such other and shared Missouri Valley, central, and western routes that the Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of 1 or more of the routes as components of the California National Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes
The routes to be studied under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
(i) Missouri Valley routes
(I) Blue Mills-Independence Road.
(II) Westport Landing Road.
(III) Westport-Lawrence Road.
(IV) Fort Leavenworth-Blue River route.
(V) Road to Amazonia.
(VI) Union Ferry Route.
(VII) Old Wyoming-Nebraska City cutoff.
(VIII) Lower Plattsmouth Route.
(IX) Lower Bellevue Route.
(X) Woodbury cutoff.
(XI) Blue Ridge cutoff.
(XII) Westport Road.
(XIII) Gum Springs-Fort Leavenworth route.
(XIV) Atchison/Independence Creek routes.
(XV) Fort Leavenworth-Kansas River route.
(XVI) Nebraska City cutoff routes.
(XVII) Minersville-Nebraska City Road.
(XVIII) Upper Plattsmouth route.
(XIX) Upper Bellevue route.
(ii) Central routes
(I) Cherokee Trail, including splits.
(II) Weber Canyon route of Hastings cutoff.
(III) Bishop Creek cutoff.
(IV) McAuley cutoff.
(V) Diamond Springs cutoff.
(VI) Secret Pass.
(VII) Greenhorn cutoff.
(VIII) Central Overland Trail.
(iii) Western routes
(I) Bidwell-Bartleson route.
(II) Georgetown/Dagget Pass Trail.
(III) Big Trees Road.
(IV) Grizzly Flat cutoff.
(V) Nevada City Road.
(VI) Yreka Trail.
(VII) Henness Pass route.
(VIII) Johnson cutoff.
(IX) Luther Pass Trail.
(X) Volcano Road.
(XI) Sacramento-Coloma Wagon Road.
(XII) Burnett cutoff.
(XIII) Placer County Road to Auburn.
(6) Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail
(A) Study required
The Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a study of the routes of the Mormon Pioneer Trail listed in subparagraph (B) and generally depicted in the map entitled “Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870” and dated 1991/1993, and of such other routes of the Mormon Pioneer Trail that the Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of 1 or more of the routes as components of the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes
The routes to be studied under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
(i) 1846 Subsequent routes A and B (Lucas and Clarke Counties, Iowa).
(ii) 1856–57 Handcart route (Iowa City to Council Bluffs).
(iii) Keokuk route (Iowa).
(iv) 1847 Alternative Elkhorn and Loup River Crossings in Nebraska.
(v) Fort Leavenworth Road; Ox Bow route and alternates in Kansas and Missouri (Oregon and California Trail routes used by Mormon emigrants).
(vi) 1850 Golden Pass Road in Utah.
(7) Shared California and Oregon Trail routes
(A) Study required
The Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a study of the shared routes of the California Trail and Oregon Trail listed in subparagraph (B) and generally depicted on the map entitled “Western Emigrant Trails 1830/1870” and dated 1991/1993, and of such other shared routes that the Secretary considers appropriate, to determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of 1 or more of the routes as shared components of the California National Historic Trail and the Oregon National Historic Trail.
(B) Covered routes
The routes to be studied under subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
(i) St. Joe Road.
(ii) Council Bluffs Road.
(iii) Sublette cutoff.
(iv) Applegate route.
(v) Old Fort Kearny Road (Oxbow Trail).
(vi) Childs cutoff.
(vii) Raft River to Applegate.
(Pub. L. 90–543, § 5, Oct. 2, 1968, 82 Stat. 920; Pub. L. 94–527, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2481; Pub. L. 95–248, § 1(1), (2), Mar. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 159; Pub. L. 95–625, title V, § 551 (7)–(15), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3512–3515; Pub. L. 96–87, title IV, § 401(m)(1), Oct. 12, 1979, 93 Stat. 666; Pub. L. 96–199, title I, § 101(b)(1)–(3), Mar. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 67, 68; Pub. L. 96–344, § 14, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1136; Pub. L. 96–370, § 1(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 98–11, title II, § 205, Mar. 28, 1983, 97 Stat. 43; Pub. L. 98–405, § 1, Aug. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1483; Pub. L. 99–445, § 1, Oct. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 1122; Pub. L. 100–35, § 1(a), May 8, 1987, 101 Stat. 302; Pub. L. 100–187, § 3, Dec. 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 1287; Pub. L. 100–192, § 1, Dec. 16, 1987, 101 Stat. 1309; Pub. L. 100–470, § 4, Oct. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 2283; Pub. L. 100–559, title II, § 203, Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2797; Pub. L. 101–321, § 3, July 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 293; Pub. L. 101–365, § 2(a), Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 429; Pub. L. 102–328, § 1, Aug. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 845; Pub. L. 102–461, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2273; Pub. L. 103–144, § 3, Nov. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 1494; Pub. L. 103–145, § 3, Nov. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 1497; Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(d)(38), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4585; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title IV, §§ 402, 403, title V, § 501, Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4148, 4153; Pub. L. 106–135, § 3, Dec. 7, 1999, 113 Stat. 1686; Pub. L. 106–307, § 3, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1075; Pub. L. 106–509, § 3, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2361; Pub. L. 106–510, § 3(a)(2), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2363; Pub. L. 107–214, § 3, Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1053; Pub. L. 107–325, § 2, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2790; Pub. L. 107–338, § 2, Dec. 16, 2002, 116 Stat. 2886; Pub. L. 108–342, § 2, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1370; Pub. L. 108–352, § 14(1), Oct. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 1397; Pub. L. 109–54, title I, § 133, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 526; Pub. L. 109–378, § 1, Dec. 1, 2006, 120 Stat. 2664; Pub. L. 109–418, § 2, Dec. 19, 2006, 120 Stat. 2882; Pub. L. 110–229, title III, § 341, May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 111–11, title V, §§ 5201, 5202(a), 5204–5206, 5301(a), 5302, 5303, title VII, § 7116(f), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1154, 1158, 1159, 1161, 1164, 1203; Pub. L. 116–9, title II, §§ 2501, 2502(a), 2504, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 753, 754; Pub. L. 116–111, § 2, Jan. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 117–345, § 2, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6196.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Chesapeake Bay Initiative Act of 1998, referred to in subsecs. (a)(25)(C)(i)(I) and (c)(40)(C), (43)(B)(i), is title V of Pub. L. 105–312, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2961, which is classified as a note under section 320101 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 461), referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is act Aug. 21, 1935, ch. 593, 49 Stat. 666, also known as the Historic Sites, Buildings, and Antiquities Act, which enacted sections 461 to 467 of this title. The Act was repealed and restated as sections 102303 and 102304 and chapter 3201 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs, and section 1866(a) of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, by Pub. L. 113–287, §§ 3, 4(a)(1), 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3094, 3260, 3272. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of former sections of this title, see Disposition Table preceding section 100101 of Title 54.
Section 603 of the Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management Act of 1996, referred to in subsec. (c)(40)(C), is section 603 of Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VI, Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4172, which was formerly set out as a note under section 1a–5 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2023—Subsec. (a)(31). Pub. L. 117–345 added par. (31).
2020—Subsec. (c)(47). Pub. L. 116–111 added par. (47).
2019—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 116–9, § 2502(a), substituted “4,900” for “three thousand seven hundred”, “the Ohio River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,” for “Wood River, Illinois,”, and “the map entitled ‘Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Authorized Trail Including Proposed Eastern Legacy Extension’, dated April 2018, and numbered 648/143721.” for “maps identified as, ‘Vicinity Map, Lewis and Clark Trail’ study report dated April 1977.”
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 116–9, § 2501(2), substituted “ ‘North Country National Scenic Trail, Authorized Route’, dated February 2014, and numbered 649/116870.” for “ ‘Proposed North Country Trail-Vicinity Map’ in the Department of the Interior ‘North Country Trail Report’, dated June 1975.”
Pub. L. 116–9, § 2501(1), which directed substitution of “4,600 miles, extending from the Appalachian Trail in Vermont” for “thirty two hundred miles, extending from eastern New York State”, was executed by making the substitution for “thirty-two hundred miles, extending from eastern New York State” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (c)(46). Pub. L. 116–9, § 2504, added par. (46).
2009—Subsec. (a)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5301(a)(1)–(5), inserted at end “No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.”
Subsec. (a)(8), (10). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5301(a)(6), (7), inserted at end “No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.”
Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5301(a)(8), struck out “No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Potomac Heritage Trail. The Secretary of the Interior may designate lands outside of federally administered areas as segments of the trail, only upon application from the States or local governmental agencies involved, if such segments meet the criteria established in this chapter and are administered by such agencies without expense to the United States.” before “The trail shall be administered” and inserted at end “No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land.”
Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5301(a)(9), struck out “No lands or interests therein outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Nez Perce National Historic Trail. The Secretary of Agriculture may designate lands outside of federally administered areas as segments of the trail upon application from the States or local governmental agencies involved if such segments meet the criteria established in this chapter and are administered by such agencies without expense to the United States.” before “So that significant route segments” and inserted at end “No land or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than ¼ mile on either side of the trail.”
Subsec. (a)(16)(C). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5206(1), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: “Not later than 6 months after December 1, 2006, the Secretary of the Interior shall complete the remaining criteria and submit to Congress a study regarding the feasibility and suitability of designating, as additional components of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, the following routes and land components by which the Cherokee Nation was removed to Oklahoma:
“(i) The Benge and Bell routes.
“(ii) The land components of the designated water routes in Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Tennessee.
“(iii) The routes from the collection forts in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee to the emigration depots.
“(iv) The related campgrounds located along the routes and land components described in clauses (i) through (iii).”
Subsec. (a)(16)(D). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5206(2), struck out first sentence which read as follows: “No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out subparagraph (C).” and inserted at end “No lands or interests in lands outside the exterior boundaries of any federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Government for the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail except with the consent of the owner thereof.”
Subsec. (a)(25)(A). Pub. L. 111–11, § 7116(f), substituted “The Captain John Smith” for “The John Smith”.
Subsec. (a)(27) to (30). Pub. L. 111–11, §§ 5201, 5202(a), 5204, 5205, added pars. (27) to (30).
Subsec. (c)(44), (45). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5303, added pars. (44) and (45).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–11, § 5302, added subsec. (g).
2008—Subsec. (a)(26). Pub. L. 110–229 added par. (26).
2006—Subsec. (a)(16)(B). Pub. L. 109–378, § 1(1), substituted “sections” for “subsections”.
Subsec. (a)(16)(C), (D). Pub. L. 109–378, § 1(2), added subpars. (C) and (D).
Subsec. (a)(25). Pub. L. 109–418 added par. (25).
2005—Subsec. (c)(43). Pub. L. 109–54 added par. (43).
2004—Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 108–342 added par. (24).
Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 108–352, § 14(1)(A)(i), substituted “Kissimmee” for “Kissimme”.
Subsec. (c)(40)(D). Pub. L. 108–352, § 14(1)(A)(ii), substituted “later than” for “later that”.
Subsec. (c)(41), (42). Pub. L. 108–352, § 14(1)(A)(iii), designated unnumbered pars. relating to the Metacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett Trail and The Long Walk Trail as pars. (41) and (42), respectively, and par. (42) was editorially transferred to follow par. (41) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–352, § 14(1)(B), struck out “establishment.” before “establishment,”.
2002—Subsec. (a)(21) to (23). Pub. L. 107–325 redesignated par. (21) relating to the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail as par. (22) and added par. (23).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–338 added unnumbered par. relating to the Metacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett Trail.
Pub. L. 107–214 added unnumbered par. relating to the Long Walk Trail.
2000—Subsec. (a)(18) to (20). Pub. L. 106–307, § 3(1), and Pub. L. 106–509, § 3(1), made identical amendments, designating unnumbered pars. relating to California National Historic Trail, Pony Express National Historic Trail, and Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail as pars. (18) to (20), respectively.
Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 106–509, § 3(2), added par. (21) relating to Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail.
Pub. L. 106–307, § 3(2), added par. (21) relating to El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
Subsec. (a)(21)(A). Pub. L. 106–510 substituted “Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park” for “Hawaii Volcanoes National Park” in subpar. (A) of par. (21) relating to Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail.
Subsec. (c)(35). Pub. L. 106–510 substituted “Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park” for “Hawaii Volcanoes National Park”.
1999—Subsec. (c)(36), (37). Pub. L. 106–135, § 3(1), redesignated par. (36) relating to El Camino Real Para Los Texas as (37) and substituted “determine” for “detemine” in subpar. (C).
Subsec. (c)(38) to (40). Pub. L. 106–135 designated unnumbered par. relating to the Old Spanish Trail as par. (38) and unnumbered par. relating to the Great Western Scenic Trail as par. (39) and added par. (40).
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–333, § 501, added unnumbered par. relating to Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–333, §§ 402, 403, added unnumbered pars. relating to Old Spanish Trail and Great Western Scenic Trail.
1994—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 103–437 in introductory provisions substituted “Natural Resources” for “Interior and Insular Affairs” after “Committee on”.
1993—Subsec. (c)(36). Pub. L. 103–145 added par. (36) relating to El Camino Real Para Los Texas.
Pub. L. 103–144 added par. (36) relating to El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–328 added unnumbered pars. relating to California National Historic Trail and Pony Express National Historic Trail.
Subsec. (c)(34), (35). Pub. L. 102–461 added pars. (34) and (35).
1990—Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 101–365 added par. (17).
Subsec. (c)(33). Pub. L. 101–321 added par. (33).
1988—Subsec. (c)(32). Pub. L. 100–559 added par. (32).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–470 inserted “establishment, except that the Advisory Council established for the Iditarod Historic Trail shall expire twenty years from the date of its establishment.” after “its establishment.” at end of first sentence.
1987—Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 100–35 added par. (15).
Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 100–192 added par. (16).
Subsec. (c)(31). Pub. L. 100–187 added par. (31).
1986—Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 99–445 added par. (14).
1984—Subsec. (c)(30). Pub. L. 98–405 added par. (30).
1983—Subsec. (a)(11) to (13). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(a), added pars. (11) to (13).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(b)(1), inserted sentence in provisions preceding par. (1) requiring that the feasibility of designating a trail be determined on the basis of an evaluation of whether or not it is physically possible to develop a trail along a route being studied, and whether the development of a trail would be financially feasible.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(b)(2), substituted “16 U.S.C. 461” for “U.S.C. 461”.
Subsec. (b)(11)(B). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(b)(3), inserted “exploration,” after “commerce,” in first sentence.
Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(c)(1), substituted “Santa Fe, New Mexico” for “Sante Fe, New Mexico”.
Subsec. (c)(24) to (29). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(c)(2), added pars. (24) to (29).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(d)(1), in provisions preceding par. (1), inserted requirement that the Secretary advise the appropriate committees in the Congress if the Secretary is unable to establish an advisory council because of the lack of adequate public interest.
Subsec. (d)(1) to (4). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(d)(2), redesignated pars. (i) to (iv) as (1) to (4), respectively, and in par. (1) as so redesignated substituted “the head of each Federal department or independent agency administering lands through which the trail route passes, or his designee” for “a member appointed to represent each Federal department or independent agency administering lands through which the trail route passes, and each appointee shall be the person designated by the head of such department or agency”.
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(e)(1), (2), substituted “national historic trails” for “national recreational trails”.
Subsec. (f)(3), (4). Pub. L. 98–11, § 205(e)(3), added pars. (3) and (4).
1980—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 96–199, § 101(b)(1), added par. (8).
Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 96–344 added par. (9).
Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 96–370 added par. (10).
Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 96–199, § 101(b)(2), (3), inserted reference to the North Country National Scenic Trail.
1979—Subsec. (c)(23). Pub. L. 96–87 substituted “(23)” for “(20)” as the number designation of the paragraph relating to the Overmountain Victory Trail added in 1978 by section 551(13) of Pub. L. 95–625.
1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(7), substituted, in provision preceding par. (1), “scenic and national historic” for “scenic” and “the following National Scenic and National Historic Trails” for “as the initial National Scenic Trails”.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(8), substituted “Appalachian National Scenic Trail” for “Appalachian Trail”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(8), substituted “Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail” for “Pacific Crest Trail”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(9), substituted provisions establishing the Oregon National Historic Trail as a National Scenic and National Historic Trail for provisions requiring the establishment, by the Secretary of the Interior within 60 days after Mar. 21, 1978, of an Advisory Council for the Appalachian National Scenic Trail, which council was to terminate 120 months after Mar. 21, 1978.
Pub. L. 95–248, § 1(1), substituted provisions requiring establishment by the Secretary of the Interior within 60 days of Mar. 21, 1978, of an Advisory Council for the Appalachian National Scenic Trail, which shall terminate within 120 months of Mar. 21, 1978, and provisions relating to functions, membership, etc., of such Council, for provisions requiring establishment by the Secretary of the Interior of an advisory council for the Appalachian National Scenic Trail and by the Secretary of Agriculture of an advisory council for the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail, and provisions relating to functions, membership, etc., of the councils.
Subsec. (a)(4) to (7). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(9), added pars. (4) to (7).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(10), substituted in provision preceding par. (1) “National scenic or national historic” for “national scenic”, inserted “through the agency most likely to administer such trail,” after “Secretary of the Interior,”, struck out third sentence “When completed, such studies shall be the basis of appropriate proposals for additional national scenic trails which shall be submitted from time to time to the President and to the Congress.”; and substituted “The studies listed in subsection (c) of this section shall be completed and submitted to the Congress, with recommendations as to the suitability of trail designation, not later than three complete fiscal years from the date of enactment of their addition to this subsection, or from November 10, 1978, whichever is later. Such studies, when submitted, shall be printed as a House or Senate document, and shall include, but not be limited to:” for “Such proposals shall be accompanied by a report, which shall be printed as a House or Senate document, showing among other things—”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(10), (11), substituted “scenic or national historic” for “scenic” and required in the case of national historic trails the report to include the recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior’s National Park System Advisory Board as to the national historical significance based on the criteria developed under the Historic Sites Act of 1935.
Subsec. (b)(10), (11). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(12), added pars. (10) and (11).
Subsec. (c)(23). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(13), added par. (23). See 1979 Amendment note above.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(14), added subsec. (d) and repealed former subsec. (d) provisions for comprehensive plan for the management, acquisition, development, and use of the Appalachian Trail, submission to Congressional committees, and scope of plan, now covered in subsec. (e) of this section.
Pub. L. 95–248, § 1(2), added subsec. (d).
Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 95–625, § 551(15), added subsecs. (e) and (f).
1976—Subsec. (c)(15) to (22). Pub. L. 94–527 added pars. (15) to (22).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
heading: Effective Date of 2019 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 116–9, title II, § 2502(b), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 754, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date that is 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 12, 2019].”
heading: Termination of Advisory Councils
text: Advisory councils in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
heading: Construction of Title V of Pub. L. 111–11
text: Pub. L. 111–11, title V, § 5401, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1164, provided that:
“(a) Effect on Access for Recreational Activities.—
Nothing in this title [amending this section and sections 1249, 1274, and 1276 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1271 and 1274 of this title] shall be construed as affecting access for recreational activities otherwise allowed by law or regulation, including hunting, fishing, or trapping.
“(b) Effect on State Authority.—
Nothing in this title shall be construed as affecting the authority, jurisdiction, or responsibility of the several States to manage, control, or regulate fish and resident wildlife under State law or regulations, including the regulation of hunting, fishing, and trapping.”
heading: September 11th National Memorial Trail Route
text: Pub. L. 117–48, Oct. 13, 2021, 135 Stat. 400, designated the September 11th National Memorial Trail Route to link the National 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York City, the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, and the Flight 93 National Memorial in Somerset County, Pennsylvania; provided the description and availability of the map of the Trail Route; required the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the National Park Service, to administer the Trail Route program in consultation with the affected landowners; listed activities to be performed to facilitate the administration of the Trail Route program and the dissemination of information regarding the Trail Route; and authorized agreements with other Federal agencies, the State, localities, regional governmental bodies, and private entities to ensure effective coordination of the Federal and non-Federal properties along the Trail Route.
heading: New England National Scenic Trail
text: Pub. L. 111–11, title V, § 5202(b)–(d), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1154, 1155, provided that:
“(b) Management.—
The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this section [amending this section] as the ‘Secretary’) shall consider the actions outlined in the Trail Management Blueprint described in the report titled the ‘Metacomet Monadnock Mattabesett Trail System National Scenic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment’, prepared by the National Park Service, and dated Spring 2006, as the framework for management and administration of the New England National Scenic Trail. Additional or more detailed plans for administration, management, protection, access, maintenance, or development of the trail may be developed consistent with the Trail Management Blueprint, and as approved by the Secretary.
“(c) Cooperative Agreements.—
The Secretary is authorized to enter into cooperative agreements with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (and its political subdivisions), the State of Connecticut (and its political subdivisions), and other regional, local, and private organizations deemed necessary and desirable to accomplish cooperative trail administrative, management, and protection objectives consistent with the Trail Management Blueprint. An agreement under this subsection may include provisions for limited financial assistance to encourage participation in the planning, acquisition, protection, operation, development, or maintenance of the trail.
“(d) Additional Trail Segments.—
Pursuant to section 6 of the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1245), the Secretary is encouraged to work with the State of New Hampshire and appropriate local and private organizations to include that portion of the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail in New Hampshire (which lies between Royalston, Massachusetts and Jaffrey, New Hampshire) as a component of the New England National Scenic Trail. Inclusion of this segment, as well as other potential side or connecting trails, is contingent upon written application to the Secretary by appropriate State and local jurisdictions and a finding by the Secretary that trail management and administration is consistent with the Trail Management Blueprint.”
heading: Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail
text: Pub. L. 111–11, title V, § 5203, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1155, described and designated the Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail in the States of Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon; provided for its administration by the Secretary of the Interior acting through the Director of the National Park Service; required the Secretary to prepare a cooperative management and interpretive plan; authorized the Secretary to establish a trail management office and interpretative facilities and to enter into cooperative management agreements; provided that designation of the Trail does not create liability for, or affect liability under any law of, any private property owner with respect to any person injured on the private property; and authorized appropriations.
heading: Silver State Off-Highway Vehicle Trail
text: Pub. L. 109–432, div. C, title III, §§ 303, 355, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3028, 3040, directed the Secretary of the Interior to complete a study of routes for the extension of the Silver State Off-Highway Vehicle Trail into White Pine County, Nevada, not later than 3 years after Dec. 20, 2006, to identify the preferred route for the Trail in consultation with the State of Nevada, White Pine County, and any interested persons, to designate the Trail not later than 90 days after the study is completed, to complete a management plan for the Trail not later than 2 years after the designation, and to annually assess the effects of use of the Trail on the environment and cultural resources and to temporarily close or permanently reroute a portion of the Trail where there is an adverse environmental impact, a threat to public safety, or where necessary to repair damage to the Trail or a resource.
Pub. L. 108–424, title IV, § 401, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2416, provided that the Secretary of the Interior would manage the system of trails designated as the Silver State Off-Highway Vehicle Trail in the Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation and Development Act Map for Lincoln County, Nevada, in a manner consistent with motorized and mechanized use of the Trail, the safety of the people who use the Trail and its sensitive habitat and cultural resources, and that the Secretary would, in consultation with the State, County and other interested parties, develop a management plan, not later than 3 years after Nov. 30, 2004, and monitor and evaluate the effects of the use of the Trail to minimize adverse environmental or cultural impact while giving notice of open routes.
heading: Expedited Report to Congress
text: Pub. L. 107–338, § 3, Dec. 16, 2002, 116 Stat. 2886, provided that: “Notwithstanding the fourth sentence of section 5(b) of the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1244(b)), the Secretary of the Interior shall submit the study required by the amendment made by section 2 [amending this section] to Congress not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2002].”
heading: California Trail Interpretive Center
text: Pub. L. 106–577, title I, Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3068, authorized the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the Bureau of Land Management, to establish the “California Trail Interpretive Center” near Elko, Nevada, and directed the Secretary to initiate a plan for the development of the Center, to acquire land and interests in land for the construction of the Center, to provide for local review of and input concerning the development and operation of the Center by the Advisory Board for the National Historic California Emigrant Trails Interpretive Center of Elko, Nevada, to prepare a budget and funding request periodically that would allow a Federal agency to carry out the maintenance and operation of the Center, to enter into cooperative agreements for snow removal, rescue, firefighting, and law enforcement services, and for development and operation of facilities and services, and to accept donations of funds, property, or services to provide services and facilities, and authorized appropriations.
heading: National Historic Trails Interpretive Center, Wyoming
text: Pub. L. 105–290, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2782, authorized appropriations for the National Historic Trails Interpretive Center in Casper, Wyoming, and authorized the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Center, to construct and operate facilities, to accept donations, and to charge an entrance fee.
heading: Sacramento to San Francisco Mail Route; Feasibility Study for Inclusion in Pony Express National Historic Trail
text: Pub. L. 102–328, § 2, Aug. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 845, as amended by Pub. L. 103–437, § 6(d)(39), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4585, provided that the Secretary of the Interior would undertake a study of the land and water route used to carry mail from Sacramento to San Francisco, California, to determine the feasibility and suitability of designation of such route as a component of the Pony Express National Historic Trail and, if determined feasible and suitable, would designate such route as part of the trail and publish notice of such designation in the Federal Register and submit the study to Congress.
heading: De Soto Expedition Trail Commission
text: Pub. L. 101–607, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3105, established for 4 years in the Department of the Interior the De Soto Expedition Trail Commission, the purpose of which is to encourage and direct research, and to coordinate the distribution of interpretive materials to the public, regarding the De Soto expedition, the native societies the expedition encountered, and the effects of that contact, provided for the functions, staff, and powers of the Commission, and authorized research, technical assistance, and appropriations.
heading: Authorization for Development of Trails Interpretation Center in Iowa
text: Pub. L. 101–191, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1697, as amended by Pub. L. 116–9, title II, § 2411, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 752, authorized Secretary of the Interior to provide for development of a trails interpretation center in city of Council Bluffs, Iowa, set forth provisions relating to Congressional findings and purposes, plan and design of the center and implementation thereof, agreement for operation and maintenance of the center, cooperative agreements for technical assistance, extinguishment of any restrictions, covenants, reversions, limitations, or any other conditions imposed by the Economic Development Administration upon acceptance of donated land by Secretary, and conveyance of reversionary interest if operation of the center is determined no longer to be in the public interest, and authorized appropriations of not more than $8,400,000 to carry out the Act.
heading: Southwestern Pennsylvania Industrial Heritage Route
text: Pub. L. 100–698, title II, §§ 201–203, Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4622, authorized Secretary of the Interior to designate, and authorized appropriations for, a vehicular tour route to provide for public appreciation, education, understanding, and enjoyment of certain nationally and regionally significant sites in southwestern Pennsylvania.
heading: Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Interpretive Center, Montana
text: Pub. L. 100–552, §§ 1–4, Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2766, 2768, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to establish Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Interpretive Center on certain lands in Montana, required the Secretary to administer the Center and to prepare a plan for development and interpretation of the Center, authorized Secretary to accept donations, enter into cooperative agreements for various services such as rescue, firefighting, law enforcement, and development and operation of facilities, authorized Secretary to enter into agreements to provide educational and interpretive materials to the public, and authorized appropriations to carry out the Act and for construction of Center and associated structures and improvements.
heading: New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route
text: Pub. L. 100–515, Oct. 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 2563, as amended by Pub. L. 103–243, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 613; Pub. L. 106–18, § 1, Apr. 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 109–338, title VII, § 703(a), Oct. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 1859; Pub. L. 110–229, title IV, § 475, May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 827; Pub. L. 115–431, § 1(a), Jan. 10, 2019, 132 Stat. 5521; Pub. L. 116–9, title II, § 2408, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 750, authorized Secretary of the Interior, acting through Director of National Park Service, with concurrence of agency having jurisdiction over such roads, to designate and provide for a vehicular tour route along existing public roads linking certain nationally significant natural and cultural sites associated with coastal area of State of New Jersey, to be known as New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route, and provided for termination of authority under this Act on Sept. 30, 2025.
heading: Laurel Highlands National Recreational Trail Designated as Part of Potomac Heritage Trail
text: Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(h) [title I, § 113], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, 1783–262, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(h) [title I, § 113], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242, 3341–262, provided that: “The Secretary of the Interior is directed to designate the Laurel Highlands National Recreational Trail, as designated by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to section 4 of the National Trails System Act [16 U.S.C. 1243], as part of the Potomac Heritage Trail, as requested by the State of Pennsylvania in its April 1984 application, subject to the provisions of paragraph (11) of section 5(a) of the National Trails System Act, as amended [16 U.S.C. 1244(a)(11)].”