10 U.S.C. § 3455 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 3455. Procurement of a major weapon system as a commercial product: requirement for prior determination by Secretary of Defense and notification to Congress
(a) Requirement for Determination and Notification.—
A major weapon system of the Department of Defense may be treated as a commercial product, or purchased under procedures established for the procurement of commercial products, only if—
(1) the Secretary of Defense determines that—
(A) the major weapon system is a commercial product; and
(B) such treatment is necessary to meet national security objectives; and
(2) the congressional defense committees are notified at least 30 days before such treatment or purchase occurs.
(b) Treatment of Subsystems as Commercial Products.—
(1) A subsystem of a major weapon system (other than a commercially available off-the-shelf item as defined in section 104 of title 41) shall be treated as a commercial product and purchased under procedures established for the procurement of commercial products if either—
(A) the subsystem is intended for a major weapon system that is being purchased, or has been purchased, under procedures established for the procurement of commercial products in accordance with the requirements of subsection (a); or
(B) the contracting officer determines in writing that the subsystem is a commercial product.
(2)
(A) For a subsystem proposed as commercial (as defined in section 103(1) of title 41) and that has not been previously determined commercial in accordance with section 3703(d) of this title, the offeror shall—
(i) identify the comparable commercial product the offeror sells to the general public or nongovernmental entities that serves as the basis for the “of a type” assertion;
(ii) submit to the contracting officer a comparison necessary to serve as the basis of the “of a type” assertion of the physical characteristics and functionality between the subsystem and the comparable commercial product identified under clause (i); and
(iii) provide to the contracting officer the National Stock Number for both the comparable commercial product identified under clause (i), if one is assigned, and the subsystem, if one is assigned.
(B) If the offeror does not sell a comparable commercial product to the general public or nongovernmental entities for purposes other than governmental purposes that can serve as the basis for an “of a type” assertion with respect to the subsystem—
(i) the offeror shall—
(I) notify the contracting officer in writing that it does not so sell such a comparable commercial product; and
(II) provide to the contracting officer a comparison necessary to serve as the basis of the “of a type” assertion of the physical characteristics and functionality between the subsystem and the most comparable commercial product in the commercial marketplace, to the extent reasonably known by the offeror; and
(ii) subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to the offeror for such subsystem.
(c) Treatment of Components and Spare Parts as Commercial Products.—
(1) A component or spare part for a major weapon system (other than a commercially available off-the-shelf item as defined in section 104 of title 41) may be treated as a commercial product for the purposes of chapter 271 of this title if either—
(A) the component or spare part is intended for—
(i) a major weapon system that is being purchased, or has been purchased, under procedures established for the procurement of commercial products in accordance with the requirements of subsection (a); or
(ii) a subsystem of a major weapon system that is being purchased, or has been purchased, under procedures established for the procurement of commercial products in accordance with the requirements of subsection (b); or
(B) the contracting officer determines in writing that the component or spare part is a commercial product.
(2)
(A) For a component or spare part proposed as commercial (as defined in section 103(1) of title 41) and that has not previously been determined commercial in accordance with section 3703(d) of this title, the offeror shall—
(i) identify the comparable commercial product the offeror sells to the general public or nongovernmental entities that serves as the basis for the “of a type” assertion;
(ii) submit to the contracting officer a comparison necessary to serve as the basis of the “of a type” assertion of the physical characteristics and functionality between the component or spare part and the comparable commercial product identified under clause (i); and
(iii) provide to the contracting officer the National Stock Number for both the comparable commercial product identified under clause (i), if one is assigned, and the component or spare part, if one is assigned.
(B) If the offeror does not sell a comparable commercial product to the general public or nongovernmental entities for purposes other than governmental purposes that can serve as the basis for an “of a type” assertion with respect to the component or spare part—
(i) the offeror shall—
(I) notify the contracting officer in writing that it does not so sell such a comparable commercial product; and
(II) provide to the contracting officer a comparison necessary to serve as the basis of the “of a type” assertion of the physical characteristics and functionality between the component or spare part and the most comparable commercial product in the commercial marketplace, to the extent reasonably known by the offeror; and
(ii) subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to the offeror for such component or spare part.
(d) Information Submitted for Procurements That Are Not Covered by the Exceptions in Section 3703(a)(1) of This Title.—
(1) To the extent necessary to determine the reasonableness of the price for items acquired under this section, the offeror shall, in accordance with paragraph (4), submit to the contracting officer or provide the contracting officer access to—
(A) a representative sample, as determined by the contracting officer, of the prices paid for the same or similar commercial products under comparable terms and conditions by both Government and commercial customers, and the terms and conditions of such sales;
(B) if the contracting officer determines that the offeror does not have access to and cannot provide sufficient information described in subparagraph (A) to determine the reasonableness of price, a representative sample, as determined by the contracting officer, of the prices paid for the same or similar commercial products sold under different terms and conditions, and the terms and conditions of such sales; and
(C) only if the contracting officer determines that the information submitted pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) is not sufficient to determine the reasonableness of price because either the comparable commercial products provided by the offeror are not a valid basis for a price analysis or the contracting officer determines the proposed price is not reasonable after evaluating sales data, and the contracting officer receives the approval described in paragraph (5), other relevant information regarding the basis for price or cost, including information on labor costs, material costs, and overhead rates.
(2) An offeror may submit information or analysis relating to the value of a commercial product to aid in the determination of the reasonableness of the price of such item. A contracting officer may consider such information or analysis in addition to the information submitted pursuant to paragraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B).
(3) An offeror may not be required to submit information described in paragraph (1)(C) with regard to a commercially available off-the-shelf item and may be required to submit such information with regard to any other item that was developed exclusively at private expense only after the head of the contracting activity determines in writing that the information submitted pursuant to paragraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B) is not sufficient to determine the reasonableness of price.
(4)
(A) An offeror may redact data information submitted or made available under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) with respect to sales of an item acquired under this section only to the extent necessary to remove information individually identifying government customers, commercial customers purchasing such item for governmental purposes, and commercial customers purchasing such item for commercial, mixed, or unknown purposes.
(B) Before an offeror may exercise the authority under subparagraph (A) with respect to a customer, the offeror shall certify in writing to the contracting officer whether the customer is a government customer, a commercial customer purchasing the item for governmental purpose, or a commercial customer purchasing the item for a commercial, mixed, or unknown purpose.
(5) A contracting officer may not require an offeror to submit or make available information under paragraph (1)(C) without approval from a level above the contracting officer.
(6) Nothing in this subsection shall relieve an offeror of other obligations under any other law or regulation to disclose and support the actual rationale of the offeror for the price proposed by the offeror to the Government for any good or service.
(e) Delegation.—
The authority of the Secretary of Defense to make a determination under subsection (a) may be delegated only to the Deputy Secretary of Defense, without further redelegation.
(f) Major Weapon System Defined.—
In this section, the term “major weapon system” means a weapon system acquired pursuant to a major defense acquisition program (as that term is defined in section 2430 1 of this title).
(g) Applicability.—
(1) In general.—
Subsections (b) and (c) shall apply only with respect to subsystems described in subsection (b) and components or spare parts described in subsection (c), respectively, that the Department of Defense acquires through—
(A) a prime contract;
(B) a modification to a prime contract; or
(C) a subcontract described in paragraph (2).
(2) Subcontract described.—
A subcontract described in this paragraph is a subcontract through which the Department of Defense acquires a subsystem or component or spare part proposed as commercial (as defined in section 103(1) of title 41) under this section and that has not previously been determined commercial in accordance with section 3703(d).
(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VIII, § 803(a)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3370, § 2379; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, § 815(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, § 1071(a)(7), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, § 852(a)–(d), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 917, 918; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, § 872, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2307; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(d)(4), (8)(D), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1868, 1869; renumbered § 3455 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§ 1821(a)(2), (b)(4), 1831(j)(4), 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4195, 4217, 4294; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(b)(10)(i)(ii), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2134; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, § 803, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2693.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2430 of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was transferred to sections 4201, 4202, and 4204 of this title by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1846(c)(1), (d)(1), (f)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4248–4250. Section 4201 of this title defines “major defense acquisition program”.
heading: Amendments
text: 2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “This subsection shall apply only to components and spare parts that are acquired by the Department of Defense through a prime contract or a modification to a prime contract (or through a subcontract under a prime contract or modification to a prime contract on which the prime contractor adds no, or negligible, value).”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(c)(1), inserted “for Procurements That Are Not Covered by the Exceptions in Section 3703(a)(1) of This Title” after “Submitted” in heading.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(c)(2)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted “the offeror shall, in accordance with paragraph (4), submit to the contracting officer or provide the contracting officer access to—” for “the contracting officer shall require the offeror to submit—”.
Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(c)(2)(B), inserted “a representative sample, as determined by the contracting officer, of the” before “prices paid” and “, and the terms and conditions of such sales” before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(c)(2)(C), substituted “a representative sample, as determined by the contracting officer, of the prices paid for the same or similar commercial products sold under different terms and conditions, and the terms and conditions of such sales; and” for “information on—
“(i) prices for the same or similar items sold under different terms and conditions;
“(ii) prices for similar levels of work or effort on related products or services;
“(iii) prices for alternative solutions or approaches; and
“(iv) other relevant information that can serve as the basis for a price assessment; and”.
Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(c)(2)(D), inserted “only” before “if the contracting officer” and “because either the comparable commercial products provided by the offeror are not a valid basis for a price analysis or the contracting officer determines the proposed price is not reasonable after evaluating sales data, and the contracting officer receives the approval described in paragraph (5)” after “reasonableness of price”.
Subsec. (d)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(c)(3), added pars. (4) to (6).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–263, § 803(d), added subsec. (g).
2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1821(a)(2), renumbered section 2379 of this title as this section.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1831(j)(4), which directed amendment of this section by substituting “sections 3701–3708” for “section 2306a” and could not be executed, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(b)(10)(I)(ii).
Pub. L. 116–283, § 1821(b)(4), substituted “chapter 271” for “section 2306a” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1883(b)(2), which directed that each reference in the text of title 10 to a section that was redesignated by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283, as such section was in effect before the redesignation, be amended by striking such reference and inserting a reference to the appropriate redesignated section, was not executed with respect to “section 2430”, which was redesignated as multiple sections.
2018—Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(8)(D), substituted “Procurement of a major weapon system as a commercial product: requirement for prior determination by Secretary of Defense and notification to Congress” for “Requirement for determination by Secretary of Defense and notification to Congress before procurement of major weapon systems as commercial items” in section catchline.
Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(4)(C), substituted “commercial product” for “commercial item” and “commercial products” for “commercial items” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(4)(B), struck out “, as defined in section 103 of title 41” before “; and”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(4)(A), substituted “Commercial Products” for “Commercial Items” in heading.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(4)(B), struck out “, as defined in section 103 of title 41” before period.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(4)(A), substituted “Commercial Products” for “Commercial Items” in heading.
Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–232, § 836(d)(4)(B), struck out “, as defined in section 103 of title 41” before period.
2016—Subsec. (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 114–328 added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).
2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–92, § 852(a), inserted “and” at end of par. (1)(B), redesignated par. (3) as (2), and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “the offeror has submitted sufficient information to evaluate, through price analysis, the reasonableness of the price for such system; and”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–92, § 852(b)(1), substituted “if either” for “only if” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–92, § 852(b)(2), substituted “writing that” for “writing that—”, struck out subpar. (A) designation before “the subsystem is a”, substituted “title 41.” for “title 41; and”, and struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: “the offeror has submitted sufficient information to evaluate, through price analysis, the reasonableness of the price for such subsystem.”
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–92, § 852(c)(1), substituted “title if either” for “title only if” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–92, § 852(c)(2), substituted “writing that” for “writing that—”, struck out cl. (i) designation before “the component or”, substituted “title 41.” for “title 41; and”, and struck out cl. (ii) which read as follows: “the offeror has submitted sufficient information to evaluate, through price analysis, the reasonableness of the price for such component or spare part.”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–92, § 852(d), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “To the extent necessary to make a determination under subsection (a)(2), (b)(2), or (c)(1)(B), the contracting officer may request the offeror to submit—
“(1) prices paid for the same or similar commercial items under comparable terms and conditions by both government and commercial customers; and
“(2) if the contracting officer determines that the information described in paragraph (1) is not sufficient to determine the reasonableness of price, other relevant information regarding the basis for price or cost, including information on labor costs, material costs, and overhead rates.”
2014—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–291, § 1071(a)(7)(A), substituted “section 103 of title 41” for “section 4(12) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403(12))”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–291, § 1071(a)(7)(B), substituted “section 104 of title 41” for “section 35(c) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 431(c))” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–291, § 1071(a)(7)(A), substituted “section 103 of title 41” for “section 4(12) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403(12))”.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–291, § 1071(a)(7)(B), substituted “section 104 of title 41” for “section 35(c) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 431(c))” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 113–291, § 1071(a)(7)(A), substituted “section 103 of title 41” for “section 4(12) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403(12))”.
2008—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–181, § 815(a)(1)(A), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–181, § 815(a)(1)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Former text read as follows: “A subsystem or component of a major weapon system shall be treated as a commercial item and purchased under procedures established for the procurement of commercial items if such subsystem or component otherwise meets the requirements (other than requirements under subsection (a)) for treatment as a commercial item.”
Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 110–181, § 815(a)(1)(C), (D), added subsecs. (c) and (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (e) and (f), respectively.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2021 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below.
Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VIII, § 803(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3371, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006], and shall apply to contracts entered into on or after such date.”