dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
49 U.S.C. § 42306 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 42306. Know Your Rights posters
(a) In General.—
Each large hub airport, medium hub airport, and small hub airport with scheduled passenger service shall prominently display posters that clearly and concisely outline the rights of airline passengers under Federal law with respect to, at a minimum—
(1) flight delays and cancellations;
(2) refunds;
(3) bumping of passengers from flights and the oversale of flights; and
(4) lost, delayed, or damaged baggage.
(b) Location.—
Posters described in subsection (a) shall be displayed in conspicuous locations throughout the airport, including ticket counters, security checkpoints, and boarding gates.
(c) Accessibility Assistance.—
Each large hub airport, medium hub airport, and small hub airport with scheduled passenger service shall ensure that passengers with a disability (as such term is defined in section 382.3 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations) who identify themselves as having such a disability are notified of the availability of accessibility assistance and shall assist such passengers in connecting to the appropriate entities to obtain the same information required in this section that is provided to other passengers.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title V, § 504(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1190.)
heading: Delayed Effective Date of Section
text: Section effective 1 year after May 16, 2024, see Effective Date note below.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 118–63, title V, § 504(d), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1191, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 46301 of this title] shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [May 16, 2024].”
49 U.S.C. § 42307 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 42307. Requirement to maintain a live customer chat or monitored text messaging number
(a) Requirement.—
(1) In general.—
A covered air carrier that operates a domestic or international flight to, from, or within the United States shall maintain—
(A) a customer service telephone line staffed by live agents;
(B) a customer chat option that allows for customers to speak to a live agent within a reasonable time, to the greatest extent practicable; or
(C) a monitored text messaging number that enables customers to communicate and speak with a live agent directly.
(2) Provision of services.—
The services required under paragraph (1) shall be provided to customers without charge for the use of such services, and shall be available at all times.
(b) Rulemaking Authority.—
The Secretary shall promulgate such rules as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(c) Covered Air Carrier Defined.—
In this section, the term “covered air carrier” means an air carrier that sells tickets for scheduled passenger air transportation on an aircraft that, as originally designed, has a passenger capacity of 30 or more seats.
(d) Effective Date.—
Beginning on the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this section, a covered air carrier shall comply with the requirement specified in subsection (a) without regard to whether the Secretary has promulgated any rules to carry out this section as of the date that is 120 days after such date of enactment.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title V, § 505(b)(1), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1191.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 118–63, which was approved May 16, 2024.
49 U.S.C. § 44507 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44507. Regions and centers
The Civil Aeromedical Institute established by section 106(j) of this title may—
(1) conduct civil aeromedical research, including research related to—
(A) the protection and survival of aircraft occupants;
(B) medical accident investigation and airman medical certification;
(C) toxicology and the effects of drugs on human performance;
(D) the impact of disease and disability on human performance;
(E) vision and its relationship to human performance and equipment design;
(F) human factors of flight crews, air traffic controllers, mechanics, inspectors, airway facility technicians, and other individuals involved in operating and maintaining aircraft and air traffic control equipment; and
(G) agency work force optimization, including training, equipment design, reduction of errors, and identification of candidate tasks for automation;
(2) make comments to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on human factors aspects of proposed air safety regulations;
(3) make comments to the Administrator on human factors aspects of proposed training programs, equipment requirements, standards, and procedures for aviation personnel;
(4) advise, assist, and represent the Federal Aviation Administration in the human factors aspects of joint projects between the Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government, industry, and governments of foreign countries; and
(5) provide medical consultation services to the Administrator about medical certification of airmen.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1179; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title V, § 524(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3363; Pub. L. 118–63, title II, § 206(h), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1046.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
44507
49 App.:1353(e).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, § 312(e); added Nov. 3, 1988, Pub. L. 100–591, § 5(b), 102 Stat. 3013.
In clause (4), the words “departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government” are substituted for “Government agencies” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2024—Pub. L. 118–63 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading “Civil Aeromedical Institute” at beginning of section and struck out subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: “The Secretary of Transportation shall define the roles and responsibilities of the William J. Hughes Technical Center in a manner that is consistent with the defined roles and responsibilities of the Civil Aeromedical Institute under subsection (a).” See section 106(h) of this title.
2018—Pub. L. 115–254 substituted “Regions and centers” for “Civil aeromedical research” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
49 U.S.C. § 44510 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44510. Repealed. Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, § 401(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1148
text: Section, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1181, related to airway science curriculum grants.
49 U.S.C. § 44514 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44514. Repealed. Pub. L. 118–63, title III, § 337, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1093
text: Section, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1183, related to closing, reopening, and reducing hours of certain flight service stations and establishment of manned auxiliary flight service stations.
49 U.S.C. § 44515 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44515. Repealed. Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, § 401(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1148
text: Section, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1184, related to grants for advanced training facilities for maintenance technicians for air carrier aircraft.
49 U.S.C. § 44738 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff
In addition to other training requirements, each air carrier shall provide training to ticket counter agents, gate agents, and other air carrier workers whose jobs require regular interaction with passengers on recognizing and responding to potential human trafficking victims.
(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title IV, § 408(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3330.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Airport Human Trafficking Prevention Grants
text: Pub. L. 118–63, title VII, § 774A, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1299, provided that:
“(a) In General.—
The Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a grant program to provide grants to airports described in subsection (b)(1) to address human trafficking awareness, education, and prevention efforts, including by—
“(1) coordinating human trafficking prevention efforts across multimodal transportation operations within a community; and
“(2) accomplishing the best practices and recommendations provided by the Department of Transportation Advisory Committee on Human Trafficking.
“(b) Distribution.—
“(1) In general.—
The Secretary shall distribute amounts made available for grants under this section to—
“(A) the 75 airports in the United States with the highest number of passenger enplanements annually, based on the most recent data available; and
“(B) as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, an airport not described in subparagraph (A) that serves an area with a high prevalence of human trafficking, on application of the airport.
“(2) Priority; considerations.—
In distributing amounts made available for grants under this section, the Secretary shall—
“(A) give priority in grant amounts to airports referred to in paragraph (1) that serve regions with a higher prevalence of human trafficking; and
“(B) take into consideration the effect the amounts would have on surrounding areas.
“(3) Consultation.—
In distributing amounts made available for grants under this section, the Secretary shall consult with the Department of Transportation Advisory Committee on Human Trafficking in determining the amounts to be distributed to each grant recipient to ensure the best use of the funds.
“(c) Authorization of Appropriations.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028.”
49 U.S.C. § 44746 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44746. Flight data recovery from overwater operations
(a) In General.—
Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall complete a rulemaking proceeding to require that, not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this section, all applicable aircraft are—
(1) fitted with a means, in the event of an accident, to recover mandatory flight data parameters in a manner that does not require the underwater retrieval of the cockpit voice recorder or flight data recorder;
(2) equipped with a tamper-resistant method to broadcast sufficient information to a ground station to establish the location where an applicable aircraft terminates flight as the result of such an event; and
(3) equipped with an airframe low-frequency underwater locating device that functions for at least 90 days and that can be detected by appropriate equipment.
(b) Applicable Aircraft Defined.—
In this section, the term “applicable aircraft” means an aircraft manufactured on or after January 1, 2028, that is—
(1) operated under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
(2) required by regulation to have a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder; and
(3) used in extended overwater operations.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title III, § 352(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1112.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 118–63, which was approved May 16, 2024.
49 U.S.C. § 44748 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44748. Aircraft dispatching
(a) Aircraft Dispatching Certificate.—
No person may serve as an aircraft dispatcher for an air carrier unless such person holds the appropriate aircraft dispatcher certificate issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
(b) Proof of Certification.—
Upon the request of the Administrator or an authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board, or other appropriate Federal agency, a person who holds such a certificate, and is performing dispatching, shall present the certificate for inspection.
(c) Dispatch Centers and Flight Following Centers.—
(1) Establishment.—
Each air carrier shall establish and maintain sufficient dispatch centers and flight following centers necessary to maintain operational control of each flight of the air carrier at all times.
(2) Requirements.—
An air carrier shall ensure that each dispatch center and flight following center of the air carrier—
(A) has a sufficient number of aircraft dispatchers on duty at the dispatch center or flight following center to ensure proper operational control of each flight of the air carrier at all times;
(B) has the necessary equipment, in good repair, to maintain proper operational control of each flight of the air carrier at all times; and
(C) includes the presence of physical security and cybersecurity protections to prevent unauthorized access to the dispatch center or flight following center or to the operations of either such center.
(d) Prohibition.—
(1) In general.—
Except as provided in paragraph (2), an air carrier may not dispatch aircraft from any location other than the dispatch center or flight following center of the air carrier.
(2) Emergency authority.—
In the event of an emergency or other event that renders a dispatch center or a flight following center inoperable, an air carrier may dispatch aircraft from a location other than the dispatch center or flight following center of the air carrier for a period of time not to exceed 14 consecutive days per location without approval of the Administrator.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, § 420(b)(1), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1164.)
49 U.S.C. § 44804 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44804. Unmanned aircraft in the Arctic
(a) In General.—
The Secretary of Transportation shall develop a plan and initiate a process to work with relevant Federal agencies and national and international communities to designate permanent areas in the Arctic where unmanned aircraft may operate 24 hours per day for research and commercial purposes.
(b) Plan Contents.—
The plan under subsection (a) shall include the development of processes to facilitate the safe operation of unmanned aircraft beyond the visual line of sight.
(c) Requirements.—
Each permanent area designated under subsection (a) shall enable over-water flights from the surface to at least 2,000 feet in altitude, with ingress and egress routes from selected coastal launch sites.
(d) Agreements.—
To implement the plan under subsection (a), the Secretary may enter into an agreement with relevant national and international communities.
(e) Aircraft Approval.—
(1) In general.—
Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 1 year after the entry into force of an agreement necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section, the Secretary shall work with relevant national and international communities to establish and implement a process for approving the use of a unmanned aircraft in the designated permanent areas in the Arctic without regard to whether the unmanned aircraft is used as a public aircraft, a civil aircraft, or a model aircraft.
(2) Existing process.—
The Secretary may implement an existing process to meet the requirements under paragraph (1).
(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title III, § 344(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3290; amended Pub. L. 118–63, title IX, § 902(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1341.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 332(d) of Pub. L. 112–95, which was set out in a note under section 40101 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title III, § 341(b)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3287. The remainder of the note comprised of subtitle B of title III of Pub. L. 112–95 was transferred and is set out under section 44802 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2024—Pub. L. 118–63, § 902(a)(1), substituted “Unmanned” for “Small unmanned” in section catchline.
Subsecs. (a), (b), (e)(1). Pub. L. 118–63, § 902(a)(2), struck out “small” before “unmanned aircraft” wherever appearing.
49 U.S.C. § 44811 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44811. Beyond visual line of sight operations for unmanned aircraft systems
(a) Proposed Rule.—
Not later than 4 months after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024, the Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking establishing a performance-based regulatory pathway for unmanned aircraft systems (in this section referred to as “UAS”) to operate beyond visual line of sight (in this section referred to as “BVLOS”).
(b) Requirements.—
The proposed rule required under subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, establish the following:
(1) Acceptable levels of risk for BVLOS UAS operations, including the levels developed pursuant to section 931 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024.
(2) Standards for remote pilots or UAS operators for BVLOS operations, taking into account varying levels of automated control and management of UAS flights.
(3) An approval or acceptance process for UAS and associated elements (as defined by the Administrator), which may leverage the creation of a special airworthiness certificate or a manufacturer’s declaration of compliance to a Federal Aviation Administration accepted means of compliance. Such process—
(A) shall not require, but may allow for, the use of type or production certification;
(B) shall consider the airworthiness of any UAS that—
(i) is within a maximum gross weight or kinetic energy, as determined by the Administrator; and
(ii) operates within a maximum speed limit as determined by the Administrator;
(C) may require such systems to operate in the national airspace system at altitude limits determined by the Administrator; and
(D) may require such systems to operate at standoff distances from the radius of a structure or the structure’s immediate uppermost limit, as determined by the Administrator.
(4) Operating rules for UAS that have been approved or accepted as described in paragraph (3).
(5) Protocols, if appropriate, for networked information exchange, such as network-based remote identification, in support of BVLOS operations.
(6) The safety of manned aircraft operating in the national airspace system and consider the maneuverability and technology limitations of certain aircraft, including hot air balloons.
(c) Final Rule.—
Not later than 16 months after publishing the proposed rule under subsection (a), the Administrator shall issue a final rule based on such proposed rule.
(d) Savings Clause.—
Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the agency to rescope any rulemaking efforts related to UAS BVLOS operations that are ongoing as of the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title IX, § 930(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1366.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 118–63, which was approved May 16, 2024.
Section 931 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is section 931 of Pub. L. 118–63, which is set out as a note under section 44801 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44813 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44813. Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
(a) In General.—
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall continue operation of the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (referred to in this section as the “Center”).
(b) Responsibilities.—
The Center shall carry out the following responsibilities:
(1) Conduct applied research and training on the safe and efficient integration of unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility into the national airspace system.
(2) Promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, the Federal Aviation Administration, Federal agency partners, and industry stakeholders (including manufacturers, operators, service providers, standards development organizations, carriers, and suppliers), with respect to the safe and efficient integration of unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility into the national airspace system.
(3) Establish goals set to advance technology, improve engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education with respect to the safe and efficient integration of unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility into the national airspace system.
(c) Program Participation.—
The Administrator shall ensure the participation in the Center of institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) and research institutions that provide accredited bachelor’s degree programs in aeronautical sciences that provide pathways to commercial pilot certifications and that include a focus on pilot training for women aviators.
(d) Leveraging of Certain Capacity and Capabilities.—
The Administrator shall, in carrying out research necessary to validate consensus safety standards accepted pursuant to section 44805, to the maximum extent practicable, leverage the research and testing capacity and capabilities of—
(1) the Center;
(2) the test ranges designated under section 44803;
(3) existing Federal and non-Federal test ranges and testbeds;
(4) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and
(5) the William J. Hughes Technical Center for Advanced Aerospace.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title X, § 1006(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1388.)
49 U.S.C. § 44814 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 44814. ASSUREd Safe credentialing authority
(a) In General.—
Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a credentialing authority for the program of record of the Federal Aviation Administration (referred to in this section as “ASSUREd Safe”) under the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
(b) Purposes.—
ASSUREd Safe shall offer services throughout the United States, and to allies and partners of the United States, including—
(1) online and in-person standards, education, and testing for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by first responders for emergency and disaster management operations;
(2) uniform communications standards, operational standards, and reporting standards for civilian, military, and international allies and partners; and
(3) any other relevant standards development related to operation of unmanned aircraft systems, as determined appropriate by the Administrator.
(c) Coordination.—
The Administrator shall ensure that the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems coordinates with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Federal Emergency Management Agency on establishment of ASSUREd Safe, and on any services offered by ASSUREd Safe.
(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title X, § 1007(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1389.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 118–63, which was approved May 16, 2024.