dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 2732 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2732. Public diplomacy responsibilities of the Department of State
(a) Integral component
The Secretary of State shall make public diplomacy an integral component in the planning and execution of United States foreign policy.
(b) Coordination and development of strategy
The Secretary shall make every effort to—
(1) coordinate, subject to the direction of the President, the public diplomacy activities of Federal agencies; and
(2) coordinate with the Broadcasting Board of Governors to—
(A) develop a comprehensive and coherent strategy for the use of public diplomacy resources; and
(B) develop and articulate long-term measurable objectives for United States public diplomacy.
(c) Objectives
The strategy developed pursuant to subsection (b) shall include public diplomacy efforts targeting developed and developing countries and select and general audiences, using appropriate media to properly explain the foreign policy of the United States to the governments and populations of such countries, with the objectives of increasing support for United States policies and providing news and information. The Secretary shall, through the most effective mechanisms, counter misinformation and propaganda concerning the United States. The Secretary shall continue to articulate the importance of freedom, democracy, and human rights as fundamental principles underlying United States foreign policy goals.
(d) Identification of United States foreign assistance
In cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other public and private assistance organizations and agencies, the Secretary should ensure that information relating to foreign assistance provided by the United States, nongovernmental organizations, and private entities of the United States is disseminated widely, and particularly, to the extent practicable, within countries and regions that receive such assistance. The Secretary should ensure that, to the extent practicable, projects funded by USAID not involving commodities, including projects implemented by private voluntary organizations, are identified as provided by the people of the United States.
(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, § 60, as added Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7109(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3792.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
22 U.S.C. § 2734g (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2734g. Promoting transparency and accountability in the Department of State workforce
(a) In general
The Secretary should establish a mechanism to ensure that appointments or details of Department career employees to staff positions in the Office of the Secretary, the Office of the Deputy Secretary of State, the Office of the Counselor of the Department, any office of the Secretary’s Policy Planning Staff, and any office of an Under Secretary of State, and details to the National Security Council, are transparent, competitive, inclusive, and merit-based.
(b) Report
Not later than 90 days after December 23, 2022, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding the mechanism established pursuant to subsection (a).
(c) Availability
The Secretary shall—
(1) use transparent, competitive, inclusive, and merit-based processes for appointments and details to the staff positions specified in subsection (a); and
(2) ensure that such positions are equally available to all employees of the Civil Service and the Foreign Service of the Department.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCIV, § 9404, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3896.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Rule of Construction
text: Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCIV, § 9405, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3897, provided that: “Nothing in this title [enacting this section] may be construed as altering existing law regarding merit system principles.”
heading: Definitions
text: For definitions of “Secretary”, “Department”, and “appropriate congressional committees” as used in this section, see section 9002 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2878...2883 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§§ 2878 to 2883. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 310(e), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 442
text: Section 2878, Pub. L. 93–129, § 9, as added Pub. L. 95–426, title III, § 307, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 977, required reciprocity in use of broadcasting facilities by Communist countries.
text: Section 2879, Pub. L. 93–129, § 10, as added Pub. L. 96–60, title III, § 303, Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 402, required preparation and submission of report to Congress on alternative plans to relocate activities of RFE/RL, Incorporated to United States territory.
text: Section 2880, Pub. L. 93–129, § 11, as added Pub. L. 97–241, title IV, § 403(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 296, related to merger of Board for International Broadcasting and RFE/RL Board.
text: Section 2881, Pub. L. 93–129, § 12, as added Pub. L. 98–164, title III, § 304, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1036, authorized use of funds for benefits for certain retirees and surviving spouses of employees of RFE/RL.
text: Section 2882, Pub. L. 93–129, § 13, as added Pub. L. 98–164, title III, § 305(a), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1037, limited salary of RFE/RL President.
text: Section 2883, Pub. L. 93–129, § 14, as added Pub. L. 99–93, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 434, authorized use of funds for radio broadcasting to Afghanistan in the Dari and Pashto languages.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective Aug. 11, 1995, see former section 6209(e) of this title as enacted by Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 310, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 442, and Cong. Rec., vol. 141, pt. 16, p. 23371, Aug. 11, 1995.
22 U.S.C. § 3352 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3352. Establishment
Subject to section 2321h of this title, the President may establish a regional contingency stockpile for Taiwan that consists of munitions and other appropriate defense articles.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5503(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3298.)
22 U.S.C. § 3353 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3353. International military education and training cooperation with Taiwan
(a) In general
The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall establish or expand a comprehensive training program with Taiwan designed to—
(1) enhance interoperability and capabilities for joint operations between the United States and Taiwan;
(2) enhance rapport and deepen partnership between the militaries of the United States and Taiwan, and foster understanding of the United States among individuals in Taiwan;
(3) improve Taiwan’s defense capabilities; and
(4) train future leaders of Taiwan, promote professional military education, civilian control of the military, and protection of human rights.
(b) Elements
The training program required by subsection (a) should prioritize relevant and realistic training, including as necessary joint United States-Taiwan contingency tabletop exercises, war games, full-scale military exercises, and an enduring rotational United States military presence that assists Taiwan in maintaining force readiness and utilizing United States defense articles and services transferred from the United States to Taiwan.
(c) Authorization of participation of Taiwan in the International Military Education and Training program
The Secretary of State is authorized to provide training and education to relevant entities in Taiwan through the International Military Education and Training program authorized under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq).
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5504, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3298.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapter 5 of part II of the Act is classified generally to part V (§ 2347 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 3354 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3354. Use of Special Defense Acquisition Fund
The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall seek to utilize the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established under chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.) to expedite the procurement and delivery of defense articles and defense services for the purpose of assisting and supporting the armed forces of Taiwan.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5505(c), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3299.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320. Chapter 5 of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§ 2795 et seq.) of chapter 39 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 3356 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3356. Fast-tracking sales to Taiwan under foreign military sales program
(a) Preclearance of certain foreign military sales items
(1) In general
Not later than 1 year after December 23, 2022, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, and in conjunction with coordinating entities such as the National Disclosure Policy Committee, the Arms Transfer and Technology Release Senior Steering Group, and other appropriate entities, shall compile a list of available and emerging military platforms, technologies, and equipment that are pre-cleared and prioritized for sale and release to Taiwan through the Foreign Military Sales program.
(2) Rules of construction
(A) Selection of items
The list compiled pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not be construed as limiting the type, timing, or quantity of items that may be requested by, or sold to, Taiwan under the Foreign Military Sales program.
(B) Notifications required
Nothing in this chapter may be construed to supersede congressional notification requirements under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et. seq.).
(b) Prioritized processing of foreign military sales requests from Taiwan
(1) Requirement
The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall prioritize and expedite the processing of requests from Taiwan under the Foreign Military Sales program, and may not delay the processing of requests for bundling purposes.
(2) Duration
The requirement under paragraph (1) shall continue until the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives that the threat to Taiwan has significantly abated.
(c) Interagency policy
The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly review and update interagency policies and implementation guidance related to Foreign Military Sales requests from Taiwan, including incorporating the preclearance provisions of this section.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5507, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3301.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, subtitle A (§§ 5501–5540), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3292, known as the Taiwan Enhanced Resilience Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3351 of this title and Tables.
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§ 2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 3357 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3357. Findings and statement of policy
(a) Findings
Congress finds the following:
(1) Advancing peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific has been a central element of United States foreign policy toward the region.
(2) The Government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), especially since the election of Tsai Ing-Wen in 2016, has conducted a coordinated campaign to weaken Taiwan diplomatically, economically, and militarily in a manner that threatens to erode United States policy and create a fait accompli on questions surrounding Taiwan’s future.
(3) To secure United States interests and preserve the ability of the people of Taiwan to determine their own future, it is necessary to reinforce Taiwan’s diplomatic, economic, and territorial space.
(b) Statement of policy
It is the policy of the United States to—
(1) maintain the position that peace and stability in the Western Pacific are in the political, security, and economic interests of the United States, and are matters of international concern; and
(2) work with allies and partners to promote peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific and deter military acts or other forms of coercive behavior that would undermine regional stability.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5511, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3308.)
22 U.S.C. § 3357a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3357a. Statement of policy on Taiwan
(a) Statement of policy
Consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act (22 U.S.C. 3301 et. seq.), it shall be the policy of the United States to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist a fait accompli that would jeopardize the security of the people on Taiwan.
(b) Fait accompli defined
In this section, the term “fait accompli” refers to the resort to force by the People’s Republic of China to invade and seize control of Taiwan before the United States can respond effectively.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XII, § 1263, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2858.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Taiwan Relations Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 96–8, Apr. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 14, which is classified generally to chapter 48 (§ 3301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3301 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, but not as part of the Taiwan Enhanced Resilience Act which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 3361 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3361. Strategy to respond to influence and information operations targeting Taiwan
(a) In general
Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, shall develop and implement a strategy to respond to—
(1) covert, coercive, and corrupting activities carried out to advance the Chinese Communist Party’s “United Front” work related to Taiwan, including activities directed, coordinated, or otherwise supported by the United Front Work Department or its subordinate or affiliated entities; and
(2) information and disinformation campaigns, cyber attacks, and nontraditional propaganda measures supported by the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party that are directed toward persons or entities in Taiwan.
(b) Elements
The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include descriptions of—
(1) the proposed response to propaganda and disinformation campaigns by the People’s Republic of China and cyber-intrusions targeting Taiwan, including—
(A) assistance in building the capacity of Taiwan’s public and private-sector entities to document and expose propaganda and disinformation supported by the Government of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party, or affiliated entities;
(B) assistance to enhance Taiwan’s ability to develop a holistic strategy to respond to sharp power operations, including election interference; and
(C) media training for Taiwan officials and other Taiwan entities targeted by disinformation campaigns;
(2) the proposed response to political influence operations that includes an assessment of the extent of influence exerted by the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party in Taiwan on local political parties, financial institutions, media organizations, and other entities;
(3) support for exchanges and other technical assistance to strengthen the Taiwan legal system’s ability to respond to sharp power operations; and
(4) programs carried out by the Global Engagement Center to expose misinformation and disinformation in the Chinese Communist Party’s propaganda.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5513, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3309.)
22 U.S.C. § 3371 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3371. Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Since 2016, the Gambia, Sao Tome and Principe, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Burkina Faso, El Salvador, the Solomon Islands, and Kiribati have severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan in favor of diplomatic relations with China.
(2) Taiwan was invited to participate in the World Health Assembly (WHA), the decision-making body of the World Health Organization (WHO), as an observer annually between 2009 and 2016. Since the 2016 election of President Tsai, the PRC has increasingly resisted Taiwan’s participation in the WHA. Taiwan was not invited to attend the WHA in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, or 2021.
(3) The Taipei Flight Information Region reportedly served 1,750,000 flights and 68,900,000 passengers in 2018, and is home to Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, the eleventh busiest airport in the world. Taiwan has been excluded from participating at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) since 2013.
(4) United Nations (UN) General Assembly Resolution 2758 does not address the issue of representation of Taiwan and its people at the United Nations, nor does it give the PRC the right to represent the people of Taiwan.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5516, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3317.)
22 U.S.C. § 3372 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3372. Strategy to support Taiwan’s meaningful participation in international organizations
(a) In general
Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022, the Secretary of State, in consultation with other Federal departments and agencies as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy—
(1) to advance Taiwan”s meaningful participation in a prioritized set of international organizations (IOs); and
(2) that responds to growing pressure from the PRC on foreign governments, IOs, commercial actors, and civil society organizations to comply with its “One-China Principle”, with respect to Taiwan.
(b) Matters to be included
The strategy required under subsection (a) should include the following elements:
(1) An assessment of the methods the PRC uses to coerce actors to into adhering to its “One-China Principle.” The methods should include those employed against governments, IOs, and civil society organizations. The assessment should also include pressure on commercial actors, to the extent it is relevant in the context of Taiwan’s meaningful participation in IOs.
(2) An assessment of the policies of foreign governments toward the PRC and Taiwan, to identify likeminded allies and partners who might become public or private partners in the strategy.
(3) A systematic analysis of all IOs, as practicable, to identify IOs that best lend themselves to advancing Taiwan’s participation.
(4) A plan to expand economic, security, and diplomatic engagement with nations that have demonstrably strengthened, enhanced, or upgraded relations with Taiwan, in accordance with United States interests.
(5) A survey of IOs that have allowed Taiwan’s meaningful participation, including an assessment of whether any erosion in Taiwan’s engagement has occurred within those organizations and how Taiwan’s participation has positively strengthened the capacity and activity of these organizations, thereby providing positive models for Taiwan’s inclusion in other similar forums.
(6) A list of no more than 20 IOs at which the United States Government will prioritize for using its voice, vote, and influence to advance Taiwan’s meaningful participation over the three-year period following December 23, 2022. The list should be derived from the IOs identified in paragraph (3).
(7) A description of the diplomatic strategies and the coalitions the United States Government plans to develop to implement paragraph (6).
(c) Form of report
The strategy required in subsection (a) shall be classified, but it may include an unclassified summary.
(d) Support for meaningful participation
The Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations and other relevant United States officials shall actively support Taiwan’s meaningful participation in all appropriate international organizations.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5518, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3318.)
22 U.S.C. § 3381 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3381. Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96–8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.) affirmed United States policy “to preserve and promote extensive, close, and friendly commercial, cultural, and other relations between the people of the United States and the people on Taiwan, as well as the people on the China mainland and all other peoples of the Western Pacific area”.
(2) Consistent with the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409), the United States has grown its strategic partnership with Taiwan’s vibrant democracy of 23,000,000 people.
(3) The creation of a United States fellowship program with Taiwan would support—
(A) a key priority of expanding people-to-people exchanges, which was outlined in President Donald J. Trump’s 2017 National Security Strategy;
(B) President Joseph R. Biden’s commitment to Taiwan, “a leading democracy and a critical economic and security partner”, as expressed in his March 2021 Interim National Security Strategic Guidance; and
(C) April 2021 guidance from the Department of State based on a review required under the Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020 (subtitle B of title III of division FF of Public Law 116–260) to “encourage U.S. government engagement with Taiwan that reflects our deepening unofficial relationship”.
(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, § 5527, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3324.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Taiwan Relations Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 96–8, Apr. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 14, which is classified generally to chapter 48 (§ 3301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3301 of this title and Tables.
The Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 115–409, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5387. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 2651 of this title and Tables.
The Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020, referred to in par. (3)(C), is subtitle B (§§ 311–315) of Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title III, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3099, which enacted provisions set out as notes under section 3301 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2020 Amendment note set out under section 3301 of this title and Tables.