dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
21 U.S.C. § 903 (FOOD AND DRUGS)
§ 903. Application of State law
No provision of this subchapter shall be construed as indicating an intent on the part of the Congress to occupy the field in which that provision operates, including criminal penalties, to the exclusion of any State law on the same subject matter which would otherwise be within the authority of the State, unless there is a positive conflict between that provision of this subchapter and that State law so that the two cannot consistently stand together.
(Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 708, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1284.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title II of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, and is popularly known as the “Controlled Substances Act”. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see second paragraph of Short Title note set out under section 801 of this title and Tables.
21 U.S.C. § 1102 (FOOD AND DRUGS)
§ 1102. Congressional declaration of national policy
The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to focus the comprehensive resources of the Federal Government and bring them to bear on drug abuse with the objective of significantly reducing the incidence, as well as the social and personal costs, of drug abuse in the United States, and to develop and assure the implementation of a comprehensive, coordinated long-term Federal strategy to combat drug abuse. To reach these goals, the Congress further declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to meet the problems of drug abuse through—
(1) comprehensive Federal, State, and local planning for, and effective use of, Federal assistance to States and to community-based programs to meet the urgent needs of special populations, in coordination with all other governmental and nongovernmental sources of assistance;
(2) the development and support of community-based prevention programs;
(3) the development and encouragement of effective occupational prevention and treatment programs within the Government and in cooperation with the private sector; and
(4) increased Federal commitment to research into the behavioral and biomedical etiology of, the treatment of, and the mental and physical health and social and economic consequences of, drug abuse.
(Pub. L. 92–255, title I, § 102, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 94–237, § 2, Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 96–181, § 3, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1309.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 92–255, Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 65, known as the Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act, which comprises this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1980—Pub. L. 96–181 inserted additional declarations of policy prescribing methods and programs by which the goals are to be reached.
1976—Pub. L. 94–237 substituted “objective of significantly reducing the incidence, as well as the social and personal costs, of drug abuse in the United States, and to develop and assure the implementation of” for “immediate objective of significantly reducing the incidence of drug abuse in the United States within the shortest possible period of time, and to develop”.
21 U.S.C. § 1403 (FOOD AND DRUGS)
§ 1403. Pesticide analytical methods
The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency—
(1) develop a detailed long-range plan and timetable for research that is necessary for the development of and validation of—
(A) new and improved analytical methods capable of detecting at one time the presence of multiple pesticide residues in food, and
(B) rapid pesticide analytical methods, and
(2) conduct a review to determine whether the use of rapid pesticide analytical methods by the Secretary would enable the Secretary to improve the cost-effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement activities under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], including increasing the number of pesticide residues which can be detected and the number of tests for pesticide residues which can be conducted in a cost-effective manner.
The Secretary shall report the plan developed under paragraph (1), the resources necessary to carry out the research described in such paragraph, recommendations for the implementation of such research, and the result of the review conducted under paragraph (2) not later than the expiration of 240 days after August 23, 1988, to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, § 4704, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1414.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in text, is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of this title and Tables.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Labor and Human Resources of Senate changed to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of Senate by Senate Resolution No. 20, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 19, 1999.
21 U.S.C. § 1901 (FOOD AND DRUGS)
§ 1901. Findings and policy
(a) Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Presidential Decision Directive 42, issued on October 21, 1995, ordered agencies of the executive branch of the United States Government to, inter alia, increase the priority and resources devoted to the direct and immediate threat international crime presents to national security, work more closely with other governments to develop a global response to this threat, and use aggressively and creatively all legal means available to combat international crime.
(2) Executive Order No. 12978 of October 21, 1995, provides for the use of the authorities in the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to target and apply sanctions to four international narcotics traffickers and their organizations that operate from Colombia.
(3) IEEPA was successfully applied to international narcotics traffickers in Colombia and based on that successful case study, Congress believes similar authorities should be applied worldwide.
(4) There is a national emergency resulting from the activities of international narcotics traffickers and their organizations that threatens the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States.
(b) Policy
It shall be the policy of the United States to apply economic and other financial sanctions to significant foreign narcotics traffickers and their organizations worldwide to protect the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States from the threat described in subsection (a)(4).
(Pub. L. 106–120, title VIII, § 802, Dec. 3, 1999, 113 Stat. 1626.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Executive Order No. 12978, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Ex. Ord. No. 12978, Oct. 21, 1995, 60 F.R. 54579, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 106–120, title VIII, § 811, Dec. 3, 1999, 113 Stat. 1636, provided that: “This title [see Short Title note set out below] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 3, 1999].”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 106–120, title VIII, § 801, Dec. 3, 1999, 113 Stat. 1626, provided that: “This title [enacting this chapter and amending section 1182 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act’.”
22 U.S.C. § 277d–12 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 277d–12. Expenditures for flood fighting, rescue operations, repairs or restoration of flood control or sanitation works threatened or destroyed by floodwaters of Rio Grande, Colorado, or Tijuana Rivers
On and after June 20, 1956, in addition to the funds available under the appropriation “Rio Grande emergency flood protection”, the United States Commissioner is authorized to expend from any appropriation available to the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, American Section, such sums as may be necessary for prosecution of emergency flood fighting and rescue operations, repairs or restoration of any flood control or sanitation works threatened or destroyed by floodwaters of the Rio Grande, the Colorado or Tijuana Rivers, or other streams running across or near the boundary, and for taking emergency actions, consistent with the emergency provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act [42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.], to protect against health threatening surface and ground water pollution problems along the United States-Mexico boundary.
(June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title I, 70 Stat. 302; Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, § 412(a), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 69; Pub. L. 103–236, title IV, § 423(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 457.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in text, is title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93–523, § 2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, which is classified generally to subchapter XII (§ 300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–236 substituted “Tijuana Rivers, or other streams running across or near the boundary, and for taking emergency actions, consistent with the emergency provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act, to protect against health threatening surface and ground water pollution problems along the United States-Mexico boundary” for “Tijuana Rivers, and for taking emergency actions to protect against health threatening sanitation problems by repairing or replacing existing capital infrastructure along the United States-Mexico Boundary”.
1990—Pub. L. 101–246 inserted “or sanitation” after “flood control” and inserted before period at end “, the Colorado or Tijuana Rivers, and for taking emergency actions to protect against health threatening sanitation problems by repairing or replacing existing capital infrastructure along the United States-Mexico Boundary”.
22 U.S.C. § 283s (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 283s. Illegal drug traffic; loan restrictions
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the Bank to vote against any loan or other utilization of the funds of the Bank for the benefit of any country with respect to which the President has made a determination, and so notified the Secretary of the Treasury, that the government of such country has failed to take adequate steps to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 [21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.]) produced or processed, in whole or in part, in such country, or transported through such country, from being sold illegally within the jurisdiction of such country to United States Government personnel or their dependents, or from entering the United States unlawfully. Such instruction shall continue in effect until the President determines, and so notifies the Secretary of the Treasury, that the government of such country has taken adequate steps to prevent such sale or entry of narcotic drugs and other controlled substances.
(Pub. L. 86–147, § 22, as added Pub. L. 92–246, § 2, Mar. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 60.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1236, which is classified principally to chapter 13 (§ 801 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 284k (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 284k. Illegal drug traffic; loan restrictions
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association to vote against any loan or other utilization of the funds of the Bank and the Association for the benefit of any country with respect to which the President has made a determination, and so notified the Secretary of the Treasury, that the government of such country has failed to take adequate steps to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 [21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.]) produced or processed, in whole or in part, in such country, or transported through such country, from being sold illegally within the jurisdiction of such country to United States Government personnel or their dependents, or from entering the United States unlawfully. Such instruction shall continue in effect until the President determines, and so notifies the Secretary of the Treasury, that the government of such country has taken adequate steps to prevent such sale or entry of narcotic drugs and other controlled substances.
(Pub. L. 86–565, § 13, as added Pub. L. 92–247, § 2, Mar. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 61.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1236, which is classified principally to chapter 13 (§ 801 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 285a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 285a. Appointment of Governor, Alternate Governor and Director; compensation
(a) The President shall appoint—
(1) a Governor of the Bank and an alternate for the Governor—
(A) by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; or
(B) from among individuals serving as officials required by law to be appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and
(2) a Director of the Bank, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(b) No person shall be entitled to receive any salary or other compensation from the United States for services as a Governor or Alternate Governor. The Director may, in the discretion of the President, receive such compensation, allowances, and other benefits as, together with those received by him from the Bank, will equal those authorized for a chief of mission under the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.].
(Pub. L. 89–369, § 3, Mar. 16, 1966, 80 Stat. 71; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2206(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160; Pub. L. 112–166, § 2(aa), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1289.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§ 3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–166 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: “The President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint a Governor of the Bank, an alternate for the Governor, and a Director of the Bank.”
1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted “a chief of mission under the Foreign Service Act of 1980” for “a Chief of Mission, class 2, within the meaning of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 112–166 effective 60 days after Aug. 10, 2012, and applicable to appointments made on and after that effective date, including any nomination pending in the Senate on that date, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 112–166, set out as a note under section 113 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
heading: Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 285p (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 285p. Illegal drug traffic; loan restrictions
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the Asian Development Bank to vote against any loan or other utilization of the funds of the Bank for the benefit of any country with respect to which the President has made a determination, and so notified the Secretary of the Treasury, that the government of such country has failed to take adequate steps to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 [21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.]) produced or processed, in whole or in part, in such country, or transported through such country, from being sold illegally within the jurisdiction of such country to United States Government personnel or their dependents, or from entering the United States unlawfully. Such instruction shall continue in effect until the President determines, and so notifies the Secretary of the Treasury, that the government of such country has taken adequate steps to prevent such sale or entry of narcotic drugs and other controlled substances.
(Pub. L. 89–369, § 19, as added Pub. L. 92–245, § 2, Mar. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 58.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1236, which is classified principally to chapter 13 (§ 801 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 287d (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 287d. Use of armed forces; limitations
The President is authorized to negotiate a special agreement or agreements with the Security Council which shall be subject to the approval of the Congress by appropriate Act or joint resolution, providing for the numbers and types of armed forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of facilities and assistance, including rights of passage, to be made available to the Security Council on its call for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security in accordance with article 43 of said Charter. The President shall not be deemed to require the authorization of the Congress to make available to the Security Council on its call in order to take action under article 42 of said Charter and pursuant to such special agreement or agreements the armed forces, facilities, or assistance provided for therein: Provided, That, except as authorized in section 287d–1 of this title, nothing herein contained shall be construed as an authorization to the President by the Congress to make available to the Security Council for such purpose armed forces, facilities, or assistance in addition to the forces, facilities, and assistance provided for in such special agreement or agreements.
(Dec. 20, 1945, ch. 583, § 6, 59 Stat. 621; Oct. 10, 1949, ch. 660, § 4, 63 Stat. 735.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Article 43 of said Charter and article 42 of said Charter, referred to in text, are articles of the United Nations Charter.
Herein, referred to in text, means act Dec. 20, 1945, ch. 583, 59 Stat. 619, known as the United Nations Participation Act of 1945, which is classified generally to this subchapter (§ 287 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 287 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1949—Act Oct. 10, 1949, inserted “, except as authorized in section 287d–1 of this title,” in proviso.
22 U.S.C. § 288j (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 288j. International Development Law Institute
For purposes of the International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U.S.C. 288 and following), the International Development Law Institute shall be considered to be a public international organization in which the United States participates under the authority of an Act of Congress authorizing such participation.
(Pub. L. 102–511, title VIII, § 805, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3353.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The International Organizations Immunities Act, referred to in text, is title I of act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, 59 Stat. 669, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 288 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992, also known as the FREEDOM Support Act, and not as part of the International Organizations Immunities Act which comprises this subchapter.
22 U.S.C. § 288k (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 288k. Extension of certain privileges, exemptions, and immunities to Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices
(a) Application of International Organizations Immunities Act
The provisions of the International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U.S.C. 288 et seq.) may be extended to the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices in the same manner, to the same extent, and subject to the same conditions as such provisions may be extended to a public international organization in which the United States participates pursuant to any treaty or under the authority of any Act of Congress authorizing such participation or making an appropriation for such participation.
(b) Application of international agreement on certain State and local taxation
The President is authorized to apply the provisions of Article I of the Agreement on State and Local Taxation of Foreign Employees of Public International Organizations, done at Washington on April 21, 1994, to the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices.
(c) “Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices” defined
The term “Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices” refers to Hong Kong’s official economic and trade missions in the United States.
(Pub. L. 105–22, § 1, June 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 236.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The International Organizations Immunities Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title I of act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, 59 Stat. 669, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 288 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was not enacted as part of the International Organizations Immunities Act which comprises this subchapter.