26 U.S.C. § 4611 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 4611. Imposition of tax
(a) General Rule
There is hereby imposed a tax at the rate specified in subsection (c) on—
(1) crude oil received at a United States refinery, and
(2) petroleum products entered into the United States for consumption, use, or warehousing.
(b) Tax on certain uses and exportation
(1) In general
If—
(A) any domestic crude oil is used in or exported from the United States, and
(B) before such use or exportation, no tax was imposed on such crude oil under subsection (a),
then a tax at the rate specified in subsection (c) is hereby imposed on such crude oil.
(2) Exception for use on premises where produced
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any use of crude oil for extracting oil or natural gas on the premises where such crude oil was produced.
(c) Rate of tax
(1) In general
The rate of the taxes imposed by this section is the sum of—
(A) the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate, and
(B) the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate.
(2) Rates
For purposes of paragraph (1)—
(A) the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate is 16.4 cents a barrel, and
(B) the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate is—
(i) in the case of crude oil received or petroleum products entered before January 1, 2017, 8 cents a barrel, and
(ii) in the case of crude oil received or petroleum products entered after December 31, 2016, 9 cents a barrel.
(3) Adjustment for inflation
(A) In general
In the case of a year beginning after 2023, the amount in paragraph (2)(A) shall be increased by an amount equal to—
(i) such amount, multiplied by
(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year, determined by substituting “calendar year 2022” for “calendar year 2016” in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.
(B) Rounding
If any amount as adjusted under subparagraph (A) is not a multiple of $0.01, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $0.01.
(d) Persons liable for tax
(1) Crude oil received at refinery
The tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) shall be paid by the operator of the United States refinery.
(2) Imported petroleum product
The tax imposed by subsection (a)(2) shall be paid by the person entering the product for consumption, use, or warehousing.
(3) Tax on certain uses or exports
The tax imposed by subsection (b) shall be paid by the person using or exporting the crude oil, as the case may be.
[(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13601(a)(1), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1981]
(f) Application of Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate
(1) In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate under subsection (c) shall apply on and after April 1, 2006, or if later, the date which is 30 days after the last day of any calendar quarter for which the Secretary estimates that, as of the close of that quarter, the unobligated balance in the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund is less than $2,000,000,000.
(2) Termination
The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate shall not apply after December 31, 2025.
(Added Pub. L. 96–510, title II, § 211(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2797; amended Pub. L. 99–499, title V, §§ 511(a), 512(a), (b), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1760, 1761; Pub. L. 99–509, title VIII, § 8032(a), (c)(1), (2), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1957, 1958; Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6108, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3712; Pub. L. 101–221, § 8(a), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1891; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7505(a), (b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2363; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11231(a)(1)(B), (2), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–445; Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, § 1361, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title IV, § 405(a)(1), (b)(1), (2), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3860, 3861; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(12)(I), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4039; Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title I, § 40416(a), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 152; Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, § 134(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3234; Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, § 117(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3051; Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13601(a), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1981.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Amendments by Pub. L. 99–509, title VIII, § 8031(a), (b), and (d)(1), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1955, to subsecs. (a) to (e) of this section were not executed to text pursuant to Pub. L. 99–509, title VIII, § 8031(e)(2), which provided that the amendments made by section 8031 shall not take effect if the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 is enacted. The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 was enacted as Pub. L. 99–499, approved Oct. 17, 1986.
heading: Amendments
text: 2022—Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–169, § 13601(a)(2)(A), substituted “16.4 cents” for “9.7 cents”.
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 117–169, § 13601(a)(2)(B), added par. (3).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–169, § 13601(a)(1), struck out subsec. (e) which related to application of Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate.
2020—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted “December 31, 2025” for “December 31, 2020”.
2019—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 116–94 substituted “December 31, 2020” for “December 31, 2018”.
2018—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 115–123 substituted “December 31, 2018” for “December 31, 2017”.
2014—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(12)(I)(i), substituted “this section” for “section 59A, this section,”.
Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–295, § 221(a)(12)(I)(ii), struck out “section 59A,” after “collected under” and comma after “rate)”.
2008—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–343, § 405(a)(1), substituted “is—” for “is 5 cents a barrel.” and added cls. (i) and (ii).
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 110–343, § 405(b)(2), substituted “paragraph (2)” for “paragraphs (2) and (3)”.
Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–343, § 405(b)(1), added par. (2) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3), which provided that the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate would not apply if the unobligated balance in the Fund exceeded $2,700,000,000 and that the Fund financing rate would not apply after Dec. 31, 2014.
2005—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–58 reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
“(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate under subsection (c) shall apply after December 31, 1989, and before January 1, 1995.
“(2) No tax if unobligated balance in fund exceeds $1,000,000,000.—The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund financing rate shall not apply during any calendar quarter if the Secretary estimates that as of the close of the preceding calendar quarter the unobligated balance in the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund exceeds $1,000,000,000.”
1990—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11231(a)(1)(B), substituted “January 1, 1996” for “January 1, 1992”.
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11231(a)(2), substituted “1993” for “1989” and “1994” for “1990” in introductory provisions and “1994” for “1990” and “1995” for “1991” in subpar. (B) and concluding provisions.
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11231(b), substituted “$11,970,000,000” for “$6,650,000,000” in heading.
Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11231(b), substituted “December 31, 1995” for “December 31, 1991”.
Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11231(a)(1)(B), (b), substituted “January 1, 1996” for “January 1, 1992” in heading and text and “$11,970,000,000” for “$6,650,000,000” in heading and twice in text.
1989—Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–221 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate is—
“(i) except as provided in clause (ii), 8.2 cents a barrel, and
“(ii) 11.7 cents a barrel in the case of the tax imposed by subsection (a)(2), and”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–239, § 7505(b), substituted “5 cents” for “1.3 cents”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–239, § 7505(a)(1), amended subsec. (f) generally, substituting pars. (1) and (2) for former pars. (1) general applicability, (2) commencement date, and (3) limit on tax of $300,000,000.
1988—Subsec. (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted “December 31, 1990” for “September 1, 1987”.
1986—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–499, § 512(a), substituted “at the rate specified in subsection (c)” for “of 0.79 cent a barrel”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–509, § 8032(a), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows:
“(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the rate of the taxes imposed by this section is 8.2 cents a barrel.
“(2) Imported petroleum products.—The rate of the tax imposed by subsection (a)(2) shall be 11.7 cents a barrel.”
Pub. L. 99–499, § 512(b), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–499, § 512(b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–509, § 8032(c)(1), substituted “Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate” for “taxes” in heading, substituted “the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate under this section” for “the taxes imposed by this section” in par. (1), inserted “(to the extent attributable to the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate)” after “this section” in pars. (2) and (3)(A), and substituted “the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate under this section shall not apply” for “no tax shall be imposed under this section” in par. (3)(B).
Pub. L. 99–499, §§ 511(a), 512(b), amended subsec. (d) generally and redesignated it as (e). Prior to amendment and redesignation, subsec. (d), termination, read as follows: “The taxes imposed by this section shall not apply after September 30, 1985, except that if on September 30, 1983, or September 30, 1984—
“(1) the unobligated balance in the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund as of such date exceeds $900,000,000, and
“(2) the Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, determines that such unobligated balance will exceed $500,000,000 on September 30 of the following year if no tax is imposed under section 4611 or 4661 during the calendar year following the date referred to above,
then no tax shall be imposed by this section during the first calendar year beginning after the date referred to in paragraph (1).”
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–509, § 8032(c)(2), added subsec. (f).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2022 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13601(c), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1982, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 9507 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 2023.”
heading: Effective Date of 2020 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, § 117(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3051, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply on and after January 1, 2021.”
heading: Effective Date of 2019 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, § 134(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3234, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply on and after the first day of the first calendar month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019].”
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title I, § 40416(b), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 152, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply on and after the first day of the first calendar month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 9, 2018].”
heading: Effective Date of 2014 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title IV, § 405(a)(2), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3860, provided that: “The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply on and after the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning more than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 3, 2008].”
Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title IV, § 405(b)(3), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3861, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 3, 2008].”
heading: Effective Date of 1989 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 101–221, § 8(b), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1891, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1989].”
heading: Effective Date of 1986 Amendments
text: Pub. L. 99–509, title VIII, § 8032(d), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1959, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:
“(1) In general.—
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 4612, 4661, 4671, and 9507 of this title] shall take effect on the commencement date (as defined in [former] section 4611(f)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], as added by this section).
“(2) Coordination with superfund reauthorization.—
The amendments made by this section shall take effect only if the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–499, approved Oct. 17, 1986] is enacted.”
[Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7505(d)(1), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2363, provided that: “For purposes of sections 8032(d) and 8033(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–509, set out as notes above and under section 9509 of this title], the commencement date is January 1, 1990.”
]
Pub. L. 99–499, title V, § 511(c), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1761, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and repealing section 9653 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on January 1, 1987.”
Pub. L. 99–499, title V, § 512(d), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1761, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 4612 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1987.”
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 96–510, title II, § 211(c), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2801, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting subchapters A and B of this chapter] shall take effect on April 1, 1981.”
heading: Short Title
text: For short title of title II of Pub. L. 96–510 as the “Hazardous Substance Response Revenue Act of 1980”, see Short Title of 1980 Amendment note, set out under section 1 of this title.