22 U.S.C. § 2348 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2348. General authorization
The President is authorized to furnish assistance to friendly countries and international organizations, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for peacekeeping operations and other programs carried out in furtherance of the national security interests of the United States. Such assistance may include reimbursement to the Department of Defense for expenses incurred pursuant to section 287d–1 of this title, except that such reimbursements may not exceed $5,000,000 in any fiscal year unless a greater amount is specifically authorized by this section.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 551, as added Pub. L. 95–384, § 12(a), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 736; amended Pub. L. 96–92, § 10(b), Oct. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 705.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1979—Pub. L. 96–92 authorized reimbursement of Department of Defense for expenses incurred in furnishing assistance to the United States limited to $5,000,000 per fiscal year unless specifically authorized.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Required Notification and Reports Related to Peacekeeping Operations Account
text: Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXV, § 6502, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2422, provided that:
“(a) Congressional Notification.—
Not later than 15 days prior to the obligation of amounts made available to provide assistance pursuant to section 551 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2348), the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a notification, in accordance with the applicable procedures under section 634A of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2394–1), that includes, with respect to such assistance, the following:
“(1) An itemized identification of each foreign country or entity the capabilities of which the assistance is intended to support.
“(2) An identification of the amount, type, and purpose of assistance to be provided to each such country or entity.
“(3) An assessment of the capacity of each such country or entity to effectively implement, benefit from, or use the assistance to be provided for the intended purpose identified under paragraph (2).
“(4) A description of plans to encourage and monitor adherence to international human rights and humanitarian law by the foreign country or entity receiving the assistance.
“(5) An identification of any implementers, including third party contractors or other such entities, and the anticipated timeline for implementing any activities to carry out the assistance.
“(6) As applicable, a description of plans to sustain and account for any military or security equipment and subsistence funds provided as an element of the assistance beyond the date of completion of such activities, including the estimated cost and source of funds to support such sustainment.
“(7) An assessment of how such activities promote the following:
“(A) The diplomatic and national security objectives of the United States.
“(B) The objectives and regional strategy of the country or entity receiving the assistance.
“(C) The priorities of the United States regarding the promotion of good governance, rule of law, the protection of civilians, and human rights.
“(D) The peacekeeping capabilities of partner countries of the country or entity receiving the assistance, including an explanation if such activities do not support peacekeeping.
“(8) An assessment of the possible impact of such activities on local political and social dynamics, including a description of any consultations with local civil society.
“(b) Reports on Programs Under Peacekeeping Operations Account.—
“(1) Annual report.—
Not later than 90 days after the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on any security assistance made available, during the three fiscal years preceding the date on which the report is submitted, to foreign countries that received assistance authorized under section 551 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2348) for any of the following purposes:
“(A) Building the capacity of the foreign military, border security, or law enforcement entities, of the country.
“(B) Strengthening the rule of law of the country.
“(C) Countering violent extremist ideology or recruitment within the country.
“(2) Matters.—
Each report under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to each foreign country that has received assistance as specified in such paragraph, the following:
“(A) An identification of the authority used to provide such assistance and a detailed description of the purpose of assistance provided.
“(B) An identification of the amount of such assistance and the program under which such assistance was provided.
“(C) A description of the arrangements to sustain any equipment provided to the country as an element of such assistance beyond the date of completion of the assistance, including the estimated cost and source of funds to support such sustainment.
“(D) An assessment of the impact of such assistance on the peacekeeping capabilities and security situation of the country, including with respect to the levels of conflict and violence, the local, political, and social dynamics, and the human rights record, of the country.
“(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.—
In this section, the term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ means—
“(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
“(2) the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and of the House of Representatives.”
heading: United States Proposal for the Early Warning System in Sinai
text: Pub. L. 94–110, Oct. 13, 1975, 89 Stat. 572, provided that:
“Whereas an agreement signed on September 4, 1975, by the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Government of Israel may, when it enters into force, constitute a significant step toward peace in the Middle East;
“Whereas the President of the United States on September 1, 1975, transmitted to the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt and to the Government of Israel identical proposals for United States participation in an early-warning system, the text of which has been submitted to the Congress, providing for the assignment of no more than two hundred United States civilian personnel to carry out certain specified noncombat functions and setting forth the terms and conditions thereof;
“Whereas that proposal would permit the Government of the United States to withdraw such personnel if it concludes that their safety is jeopardized or that continuation of their role is no longer necessary; and
“Whereas the implementation of the United States proposals for the early-warning system in Sinai may enhance the prospect of compliance in good faith with the terms of the Egyptian-Israeli agreements and thereby promote the cause of peace: Now, therefore, be it
“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President is authorized to implement the ‘United States Proposal for the Early Warning System in Sinai’: Provided, however, That United States civilian personnel assigned to Sinai under such proposal shall be removed immediately in the event of an outbreak of hostilities between Egypt and Israel or if the Congress by concurrent resolution determines that the safety of such personnel is jeopardized or that continuation of their role is no longer necessary. Nothing contained in this resolution shall be construed as granting any authority to the President with respect to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situations wherein involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances which authority he would not have had in the absence of this joint resolution.
“Sec. 2. Any concurrent resolution of the type described in the first section of this resolution which is introduced in either House of Congress shall be privileged in the same manner and to the same extent as a concurrent resolution of the type described in section 5(c) of Public Law 93–148 [section 1544(c) of Title 50, War and National Defense] is privileged under section 7 of such law [section 1546 of title 50, War and National Defense].
“Sec. 3. The United States civilian personnel participating in the early warning system in Sinai shall include only individuals who have volunteered to participate in such system.
“Sec. 4. Whenever United States civilian personnel, pursuant to this resolution, participate in an early warning system, the President shall, so long as the participation of such personnel continues, submit written reports to the Congress periodically, but no less frequently than once every six months, on (1) the status, scope, and anticipated duration of their participation, and (2) the feasibility of ending or reducing as soon as possible their participation by substituting nationals of other countries or by making technological changes. The appropriate committees of the Congress shall promptly hold hearings on each report of the President and report to the Congress any findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
“Sec. 5. The authority contained in this joint resolution to implement the ‘United States Proposal for the Early Warning System in Sinai’ does not signify approval of the Congress of any other agreement, understanding, or commitment made by the executive branch.”
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Delegation of Functions
text: For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
heading: Executive Order No. 11896
text: Ex. Ord. No. 11896, Jan. 13, 1976, 41 F.R. 2067, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12150, July 23, 1979, 44 F.R. 43455; Ex. Ord. No. 12227, July 22, 1980, 45 F.R. 49237; Ex. Ord. No. 12357, Apr. 6, 1982, 47 F.R. 15093, which established the United States Sinai Support Mission, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.