dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 18648 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18648. Accelerator research and development
(a) Program
As part of the activities authorized under section 7139 of this title, the Director shall carry out a research program—
(1) to advance accelerator science and technology relevant to the Department, other Federal agencies, and United States industry;
(2) to foster partnerships to develop, demonstrate, and enable the commercial application of accelerator technologies;
(3) to support the development of a skilled, diverse, and inclusive accelerator workforce; and
(4) to provide access to accelerator design and engineering resources.
(b) Accelerator research
In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support—
(1) research activities in cross-cutting accelerator technologies including superconducting magnets and accelerators, beam physics, data analytics-based accelerator controls, simulation software, new particle sources, advanced laser technology, and transformative research; and
(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test Facility.
(c) Accelerator development
In carrying out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall support partnerships to foster the development, demonstration, and commercial application of accelerator technologies, including advanced superconducting wire and cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators.
(d) Research collaborations
In developing accelerator technologies under the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall—
(1) consider the requirements necessary to support translational research and development for medical, industrial, security, and defense applications; and
(2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies and fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with institutions of higher education, industry, and other Federal agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced accelerator technologies.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—
(1) $19,080,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(2) $20,224,800 for fiscal year 2024;
(3) $21,438,288 for fiscal year 2025;
(4) $22,724,585 for fiscal year 2026; and
(5) $24,088,060 for fiscal year 2027.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 310, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10109, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1451.)
42 U.S.C. § 18650 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18650. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists
The Director shall support the development of a scientific workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration between and among teachers at elementary schools and secondary schools served by local educational agencies, students at institutions of higher education, early-career researchers, faculty at institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories, including through the use of proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the mission of the Office of Science.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 312, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10111(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1456.)
42 U.S.C. § 18651 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18651. High intensity laser research initiative
(a) In general
The Director shall establish a high intensity laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the National Academies report entitled “Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light” and the report from the Brightest Light Initiative workshop entitled “The Future of Intense Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.”. The initiative should include research and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery science and to advance energy technologies, as well as support for a user network of academic and National Laboratory high intensity laser facilities.
(b) Leverage
The Director shall leverage new laser technologies for more compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator systems needed for science applications.
(c) Coordination
(1) Director
The Director shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection (a) among all relevant programs within the Office of Science.
(2) Under Secretary
The Under Secretary for Science shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection (a) with other relevant programs within the Department and other Federal agencies.
(d) Authorization of appropriations
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—
(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 313, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10112(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1459.)
42 U.S.C. § 18652 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18652. Helium conservation program
(a) In general
The Secretary shall establish a program to reduce the consumption of helium for Department grant recipients and facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse. The program shall competitively award grants for—
(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, and recycle helium;
(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of new and existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling equipment; and
(3) helium alternatives research and development activities.
(b) Report
Not later than 2 years after August 9, 2022, and every 3 years thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the purchase of helium as part of research projects and facilities supported by the Department. The report shall include—
(1) the quantity of helium purchased for projects and facilities supported by Department grants;
(2) a cost-analysis for such helium;
(3) to the maximum extent practicable, information on whether such helium was imported from outside the United States, and if available, the country or region of the world from which the helium was imported;
(4) expected or experienced impacts of helium supply shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities supported by the Department; and
(5) recommendations for reducing Department grant recipients’ exposure to volatile helium prices and supply shortages.
(c) Coordination
In carrying out the program under this section, the Director shall coordinate with the National Science Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies on helium conservation activities.
(d) Duration
The program established under this section shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(e) Renewal
Upon expiration of any period of support of the program under this section, the Director may renew support for the program for a period of not more than 5 years.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 314, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10112(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1460.)
42 U.S.C. § 18654 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18654. Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program
(a) In general
The Director shall establish a midscale instrumentation and research equipment program to develop, acquire, and commercialize research instrumentation and equipment needed to meet the missions of the Department and to provide platform technologies for the broader scientific community.
(b) Activities
Under the program established under subsection (a), the Director shall—
(1) enable the development and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments that—
(A) range in cost from $1,000,000 to $20,000,000 each; and
(B) would significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user facilities; and
(2) strongly encourage partnerships among—
(A) National Laboratories;
(B) user facilities; and
(C)
(i) institutions in a State receiving funding under the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research established under section 13503(b)(3) of this title;
(ii) historically Black colleges or universities;
(iii) minority-serving institutions of higher education; or
(iv) institutions of higher education in a rural area.
(c) Coordination with other programs
The Director shall coordinate the program established under subsection (a) with all other programs carried out by the Office of Science of the Department.
(d) Research equipment and technology development coordination
The Director shall encourage coordination among the Office of Science, the National Laboratories, the Office of Technology Transitions, and relevant academic and private sector entities to identify, disseminate, and commercialize research instruments, equipment, and related technologies developed to aid basic science research discoveries that meet the mission of the Department.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $150,000,000 for each of fiscals 1 years 2023 through 2027.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 316, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10112(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1463.)
42 U.S.C. § 18655 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18655. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this subchapter—
(1) $8,902,392,400 for fiscal year 2023;
(2) $9,541,895,744 for fiscal year 2024;
(3) $10,068,198,994 for fiscal year 2025;
(4) $10,468,916,520 for fiscal year 2026; and
(5) $10,831,342,317 for fiscal year 2027.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 317, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10112(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1464.)
42 U.S.C. § 18921 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18921. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1) Director
The term “Director” means the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(2) Enrollment of needy students
The term “enrollment of needy students” has the meaning given the term in section 1058(d) of title 20.
(3) Framework
The term “Framework” means the Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and referred to in Executive Order No. 13800 issued on May 11, 2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 22391 et seq.).
(4) Institute
The term “Institute” means the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(5) International standards organization
The term “international standards organization” has the meaning given such term in section 2571 of title 19.
(6) Secretary
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10201, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1471.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Executive Order No. 13800, referred to in par. (3), is set out as a note preceding section 1500 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
42 U.S.C. § 18931 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18931. Engineering biology and biometrology
(a) In general
The Director, in coordination with the National Engineering Biology Research and Development Initiative established pursuant to subchapter IV, shall—
(1) support basic measurement science and technology research for engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biometrology to advance—
(A) measurement technologies to support foundational understanding of the mechanisms of conversion of DNA information into cellular function;
(B) technologies for measurement of such biomolecular components and related systems;
(C) new data tools, techniques, and processes to improve engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and biometrology research; and
(D) other areas of measurement science and technology research determined by the Director to be critical to the development and deployment of engineering biology, biomanufacturing and biometrology;
(2) support activities to inform and expand the development of measurements infrastructure needed to develop technical standards to establish interoperability and facilitate commercial development of biomolecular measurement technology and engineering biology applications;
(3) convene industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, and other Federal agencies engaged in engineering biology research and development to develop coordinated technical roadmaps for authoritative measurement of the molecular components of the cell;
(4) provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique equipment, services, materials, and other resources to industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies to perform research and testing;
(5) establish or expand collaborative partnerships or consortia with other Federal agencies engaged in engineering biology research and development, institutions of higher education, Federal laboratories, and industry to advance engineering biology applications; and
(6) support graduate and postgraduate research and training in biometrology, biomanufacturing, and engineering biology.
(b) Rule of construction
Nothing in this section may be construed to alter the policies, processes, or practices of individual Federal agencies in effect on the day before August 9, 2022, relating to the conduct or support of biomedical research and advanced development, including the solicitation and review of extramural research proposals.
(c) Controls
In carrying out activities authorized by this section, the Secretary shall ensure proper security controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10221, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1474.)
42 U.S.C. § 18933 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18933. Software security and authentication
(a) Vulnerabilities in open source software
The Director shall assign severity metrics to identified vulnerabilities with open source software and produce voluntary guidance to assist the entities that maintain open source software repositories to discover and mitigate vulnerabilities.
(b) Artificial intelligence-enabled defenses
The Director shall carry out research and testing to improve the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-enabled cybersecurity, including by generating optimized data sets to train artificial intelligence defense systems and evaluating the performance of varying network architectures at strengthening network security.
(c) Authentication of Institute software
The Director shall ensure all software released by the Institute is digitally signed and maintained to enable stakeholders to verify its authenticity and integrity upon installation and execution.
(d) Assistance to Inspectors General
Subject to available funding, the Director shall provide technical assistance to improve the education and training of individual Federal agency Inspectors General and staff who are responsible for the annual independent evaluation they are required to perform of the information security program and practices of Federal agencies under section 3555 of title 44.
(e) Software supply chain security practices
(1) In general
The Director shall, in coordination with industry, academia, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, develop a set of security outcomes and practices, including security controls, control enhancements, supplemental guidance, or other supporting information to enable software developers and operators to identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks over the full lifecycle of software products.
(2) Outreach
The Director shall conduct outreach and coordination activities to share technical expertise with Federal agencies, relevant industry stakeholders, and standards development organizations, as appropriate, to encourage the voluntary adoption of the software lifecycle security practices by Federal agencies and industry stakeholders.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10224, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1478.)
42 U.S.C. § 18935 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18935. Dissemination of resources for research institutions
(a) Dissemination of resources for research institutions
(1) In general
Not later than one year after August 9, 2022, the Director shall, using the authorities of the Director under subsections (c)(15) and (e)(1)(A)(ix) of section 272 of title 15, disseminate and make publicly available tailored resources to help qualifying institutions identify, assess, manage, and reduce their cybersecurity risk related to conducting research.
(2) Requirements
The Director shall ensure that the resources disseminated pursuant to paragraph (1)—
(A) are generally applicable and usable by a wide range of qualifying institutions;
(B) vary with the nature and size of the qualifying institutions, and the nature and sensitivity of the data collected or stored on the information systems or devices of the qualifying institutions;
(C) include elements that promote awareness of simple, basic controls, a workplace cybersecurity culture, and third-party stakeholder relationships, to assist qualifying institutions in mitigating common cybersecurity risks;
(D) include case studies, examples, and scenarios of practical application;
(E) are outcomes-based and can be implemented using a variety of technologies that are commercial and off-the-shelf; and
(F) to the extent practicable, are based on international technical standards.
(3) National cybersecurity awareness and education program
The Director shall ensure that the resources disseminated under paragraph (1) are consistent with the efforts of the Director under section 7443 of title 15.
(4) Updates
The Director shall review periodically and update the resources under paragraph (1) as the Director determines appropriate.
(5) Voluntary resources
The use of the resources disseminated under paragraph (1) shall be considered voluntary.
(b) Other Federal cybersecurity requirements
Nothing in this section may be construed to supersede, alter, or otherwise affect any cybersecurity requirements applicable to Federal agencies.
(c) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Qualifying institutions
The term “qualifying institutions” means institutions of higher education that are awarded in excess of $50,000,000 per year in total Federal research funding.
(2) Resources
The term “resources” means guidelines, tools, best practices, technical standards, methodologies, and other ways of providing information.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10229, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1481.)
42 U.S.C. § 18936 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18936. Neutron scattering
(a) Strategic plan for the Institute neutron reactor
The Director shall develop a strategic plan for the future of the NIST Center for Neutron Research after the current neutron reactor is decommissioned, including—
(1) a succession plan for the reactor, including a roadmap with timeline and milestones;
(2) conceptual design of a new reactor and accompanying facilities, as appropriate; and
(3) a plan to minimize disruptions to the user community during the transition.
(b) Coordination with the Department of Energy
The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall coordinate with the Secretary of Energy on issues related to Federal support for neutron science, including estimation of long-term needs for research using neutron sources, and planning efforts for future facilities to meet such needs.
(c) Report to Congress
Not later than 30 months after August 9, 2022, the Director shall submit to Congress the plan required under subsection (a), and shall notify Congress of any substantial updates to such plan in subsequent years.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10231, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1483.)
42 U.S.C. § 18937 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18937. Artificial intelligence
(a) In general
The Director shall continue to support the development of artificial intelligence and data science, and carry out the activities of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 authorized in division E of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283), including through—
(1) expanding the Institute’s capabilities, including scientific staff and research infrastructure;
(2) supporting measurement research and development for advanced computer chips and hardware designed for artificial intelligence systems;
(3) supporting the development of technical standards and guidelines that promote safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, such as enhancing the accuracy, explainability, privacy, reliability, robustness, safety, security, and mitigation of harmful bias in artificial intelligence systems;
(4) creating a framework for managing risks associated with artificial intelligence systems; and
(5) developing and publishing cybersecurity tools, encryption methods, and best practices for artificial intelligence and data science.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10232(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1484.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020, referred to in introductory provisions of subsec. (a), is div. E of Pub. L. 116–283, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4523, which is classified principally to chapter 119 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of div. E to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9401 of Title 15 and Tables.
Division E of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, referred to in introductory provisions of subsec. (a), is div. E of Pub. L. 116–283, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3388, also known as the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 18938 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18938. Sustainable chemistry research and education
In accordance with section 9303 of title 15, the Director shall carry out activities in support of sustainable chemistry, including coordinating and partnering with academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and other entities in activities to support clean, safe, and economic alternatives, technologies, and methodologies to traditional chemical products and processes.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10233, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1484.)
42 U.S.C. § 18939 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18939. Premise plumbing research
(a) In general
The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall create a program, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency, for premise plumbing research, including to—
(1) conduct metrology research on premise plumbing in relation to water safety, security, efficiency, sustainability, and resilience; and
(2) coordinate research activities with academia, the private sector, nonprofit organizations, and other Federal agencies.
(b) Definitions
For purposes of this section, the term “premise plumbing” means the water distribution system located within the property lines of a property, including all buildings and permanent structures on such property. Such term includes building supply and distribution pipes, fixtures, fittings, water heaters, water-treating and water-using equipment, and all respective joints, connections, devices, and appurtenances.
(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title II, § 10234, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1485.)