dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 1856n–1 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856n–1. Reciprocal agreements with liability coverage
(a) Protection from liability for foreign firefighters and foreign fire organizations
Subject to subsection (b), in an agreement with a foreign fire organization entered into under section 1856n of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior may provide that—
(1) a foreign firefighter shall be considered to be an employee of the United States for purposes of tort liability while the foreign firefighter is acting within the scope of an official duty under the agreement; and
(2) any claim against the foreign fire organization or any legal organization associated with the foreign firefighter that arises out of an act or omission of the foreign firefighter in the performance of an official duty under the agreement, or that arises out of any other act, omission, or occurrence for which the foreign fire organization or legal organization associated with the foreign firefighter is legally responsible under applicable law, may be prosecuted only—
(A) against the United States; and
(B) as if the act or omission were the act or omission of an employee of the United States.
(b) Protection from liability for Federal firefighters and the Federal Government
The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior may provide the protections under subsection (a) if the foreign fire organization agrees—
(1) to assume any and all liability for any legal action brought against the Federal firefighter for an act or omission of the Federal firefighter while acting within the scope of an official duty under the agreement; and
(2) to the extent the United States or any legal organization associated with the Federal firefighter is not entitled to immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts having jurisdiction over the foreign fire organization receiving the services of the Federal firefighters, to assume any and all liability for any legal action brought against the United States or the legal organization arising out of—
(A) an act or omission of the Federal firefighter in the performance of an official duty under the agreement; or
(B) any other act, omission, or occurrence for which the United States or the legal organization associated with the Federal firefighter is legally responsible under the laws applicable to the foreign fire organization.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 4, as added Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(5), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1040.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 4 of Pub. L. 100–428 was renumbered section 5 and is classified to section 1856o of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1856o (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856o. Funds
Funds available to the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior for wildfire protection resources in connection with activities under the jurisdiction of such Secretary may be used to carry out activities authorized under agreements or otherwise under this subchapter, or for reimbursements authorized under this subchapter: Provided, That no such funds may be expended for wildfire protection resources (including personnel) provided by a foreign fire organization for wildfire suppression activities unless the Secretary determines that no wildfire protection resources (including personnel) within the United States are reasonably available to provide wildfire suppression.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, formerly § 4, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1616; renumbered § 5 and amended Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(4), (6), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1040, 1041.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 5 of Pub. L. 100–428 was classified to section 1856p of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–11.
heading: Amendments
text: 2011—Pub. L. 112–74, § 411(6), substituted “under this subchapter” for “under section 1856n(c) of this title”, “wildfire protection resources (including personnel)” for “wildfire protection resources or personnel” in two places, and “provide wildfire suppression” for “provide wildfire protection” and inserted “for wildfire suppression activities” before “unless”.
42 U.S.C. § 1857c–10 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1857c–10. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–95, title I, § 112(b)(1), Aug. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 709
text: Section, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 119, as added June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 3, 88 Stat. 248, related to the authority of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to deal with energy shortages. See section 7413 of this title.
text: References to section 1857c–10 appearing in section 792 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, shall be construed to refer to section 7413(d) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, see Compliance Orders note set out under section 792 of Title 15.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective Aug. 7, 1977, see section 406 of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 7401 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857d...1857f (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857d to 1857f. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857d, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 115, formerly § 5, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 396; renumbered § 105 and amended Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, §§ 101(2), (3), 102, 79 Stat. 992, 995; renumbered § 108 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 491; renumbered § 115 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 4(a), (b)(2)–(10), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1678, 1688, 1689, 1713, which related to abatement of air pollution by means of conference procedure, was transferred to section 7415 of this title.
Section 1857d–1, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 116, formerly § 109 as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 497; renumbered and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 4(a), (c), 84 Stat. 1678, 1689; June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 6(b), 88 Stat. 259, which related to retention of State authority concerning air pollution, was transferred to section 7416 of this title.
Section 1857e, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 117, formerly § 6, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 399; renumbered § 106, Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(3), 79 Stat. 992; renumbered § 110 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 498; renumbered § 117 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 4(a), (d), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1678, 1689, 1713, which related to an Air Quality Advisory Board and to advisory committees, was transferred to section 7417 of this title.
Section 1857f, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 118, formerly § 7, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 399; renumbered § 107, Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(3), 79 Stat. 992; renumbered § 111 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 499; renumbered § 118 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 4(a), 5, 84 Stat. 1678, 1689, which related to control and abatement of air pollution from Federal facilities, Presidential exemption, and report to Congress on Presidential exemptions, was transferred to section 7418 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–1...1857f–5 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857f–1 to 1857f–5. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857f–1, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 202, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 992; amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 499; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 6(a), 84 Stat. 1690; June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 5, 88 Stat. 258, which related to establishment of motor vehicle emission and fuel standards, was transferred to section 7521 of this title.
Section 1857f–2, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 203, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 993; amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 499; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 7(a), 11(a)(2)(A), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1693, 1705, 1713, which related to prohibited acts with regard to motor vehicle emissions, was transferred to section 7522 of this title.
Section 1857f–3, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 204, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 994; amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 500; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 7(b), 84 Stat. 1694, which related to subpenas and to jurisdiction of district courts to restrain violations, was transferred to section 7523 of this title.
Section 1857f–4, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 205, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 994; amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 500; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 7(c), 84 Stat. 1694, which related to penalties for violations, was transferred to section 7524 of this title.
Section 1857f–5, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 206, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 8(a), 84 Stat. 1694, which related to motor vehicle and motor vehicle engine compliance testing and certification, was transferred to section 7525 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–5a...1857f–6c (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857f–5a to 1857f–6c. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857f–5a, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 207, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 8(a), 84 Stat. 1696, which related to compliance by vehicles and engines in actual use, was transferred to section 7541 of this title.
Section 1857f–6, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 208, formerly § 207, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 994; amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 501; renumbered and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 8(a), 10(a), 11(a)(2)(A), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1694, 1700, 1705, 1713, which related to reports, records, and information required, access to and copying records, availability of records to the public, and disclosure of trade secrets, was transferred to section 7542 of this title.
Section 1857f–6a, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 209, formerly § 208, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 501; renumbered and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 8(a), 11(a)(2)(A), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1694, 1705, 1713, which related to State standards regarding control of emissions from new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, was transferred to section 7543 of this title.
Section 1857f–6b, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 210, formerly § 209, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 502; renumbered and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 8(a), 10(b), 84 Stat. 1694, 1700, which related to Federal assistance in developing and maintaining vehicle emission devices and systems inspection and emission testing and control programs, was transferred to section 7544 of this title.
Section 1857f–6c, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 211, formerly § 210, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 502; renumbered and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 8(a), 9(a), 84 Stat. 1694, 1698; Nov. 18, 1971, Pub. L. 92–157, title III, § 302(d), (e), 85 Stat. 464, which related to regulation of fuels, was transferred to section 7545 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–6e...1857f–7 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857f–6e to 1857f–7. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857f–6e, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 212, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 10(c), 84 Stat. 1700; amended Apr. 9, 1973, Pub. L. 93–15, § 1(b), 87 Stat. 11; June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 13(b), 88 Stat. 265, which related to low emission vehicles, was transferred to section 7546 of this title.
Section 1857f–6f, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 213, as added June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 10, 88 Stat. 261; amended S. Res. 4, Feb. 4, 1977, which related to fuel economy for new vehicles, was transferred to section 7547 of this title.
Section 1857f–7, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 214, formerly § 208, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 994; renumbered § 212 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 503; renumbered § 213 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 8(a), 10(d), 11(a)(2)(A), 84 Stat. 1694, 1703, 1705; renumbered § 214, June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 10, 88 Stat. 261, which related to definitions concerning motor vehicle emission and fuel standards, was transferred to section 7550 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–9...1857f–12 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857f–9 to 1857f–12. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857f–9, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 231, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1703, which related to the establishment of aircraft emission standards, was transferred to section 7571 of this title.
Section 1857f–10, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 232, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1704, which related to enforcement of aircraft emission standards, was transferred to section 7572 of this title.
Section 1857f–11, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 233, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1704, which related to State standards and controls regarding aircraft emissions, was transferred to section 7573 of this title.
Section 1857f–12, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 234, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1705, related to definitions concerning aircraft emissions standards, was transferred to section 7574 of this title.
(THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1858, 1858a. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1858, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title IV, § 402, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 14, 84 Stat. 1709, which established Office of Noise Abatement and Control and authorized investigation of noise and its effects on public health and welfare and a report to Congress on results of this investigation, was transferred to section 7641 of this title.
Section 1858a, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title IV, § 403, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 14, 84 Stat. 1710, which authorized appropriations concerning noise pollution, was transferred to section 7642 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1862d (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862d. Set-aside for certain institutions
Of the amounts appropriated to the Foundation for the Program, as authorized under section 101 of this Act, in each fiscal year, at least 12 percent shall be reserved for historically Black colleges or universities defined as “part B institutions” by section 1061(2) of title 20 and other institutions of higher education whose enrollment includes a substantial percentage of students who are Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, or Native Americans.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title II, § 205, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2877.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 101 of this Act, referred to in text, is section 101 of Pub. L. 100–570, title I, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2865, which is not classified to the Code.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Academic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988, and also as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862e (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862e. Evaluations of research centers
In carrying out performance reviews of research centers by the Foundation, the Director shall take such action as may be necessary, consistent with the merit review process of the Foundation, to ensure that—
(1) members of review panels are free from any conflict of interest; and
(2) the conditions of each award to such centers have been fulfilled.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title I, § 109, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2869.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862f (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862f. Research center consortia
In Foundation programs making grants to research centers, the Director shall encourage the formation of consortia that include research universities, two-year and four-year colleges, and the private sector.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title I, § 110, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2869.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862g (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862g. Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(a) The Director shall operate a program to stimulate competitive research (known as the “Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research”), the purpose of which is to assist those States that—
(1) historically have received relatively little Federal research and development funding; and
(2) have demonstrated a commitment to develop their research bases and improve science and engineering research and education programs at their universities and colleges.
(b) A State which has received an initial award under such Program, whether or not the award was received before or after October 31, 1988, shall be eligible for up to 5 years of additional support under the Program if that State provides assurances of new matching funds and submits an acceptable new plan for using Program funds and matching funds to build the research capabilities of the State.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title I, § 113, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2870; Pub. L. 114–329, title I, § 103(e)(2), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat. 2975.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Pub. L. 114–329, § 103(e)(2)(A), substituted “Established” for “Experimental” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–329, § 103(e)(2)(B), substituted “a program to stimulate competitive research (known as the ‘Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research’)” for “an Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–329, § 103(e)(2)(C), substituted “the Program” for “the program”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Planning Grants
text: Pub. L. 107–368, § 26, Dec. 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 3067, provided that: “The Director is authorized to accept planning proposals from applicants who are within .075 percentage points of the current eligibility level for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research. Such proposals shall be reviewed by the Foundation to determine their merit for support under the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research or any other appropriate program.”
[For definitions of terms used in section 26 of Pub. L. 107–368, set out above, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–368, set out as a note under section 1862n of this title.]
42 U.S.C. § 1862h (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862h. Congressional statement of findings and declaration of purposes respecting scientific and technical education and training
(a) Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) the position of the United States in the world economy faces great challenges from highly trained foreign competition;
(2) the workforce of the United States must be better prepared for the technologically advanced, competitive, global economy;
(3) the improvement of our work force’s productivity and our international economic position depend upon the strengthening of our educational efforts in science, mathematics, and technology, especially at the associate-degree level;
(4) shortages of scientifically and technically trained workers in a wide variety of fields will best be addressed by collaboration among the Nation’s associate-degree-granting colleges and private industry to produce skilled, advanced technicians; and
(5) the National Science Foundation’s traditional role in developing model curricula, disseminating instructional materials, enhancing faculty development, and stimulating partnerships between educational institutions and industry, makes an enlarged role for the Foundation in scientific and technical education and training particularly appropriate.
(b) Purposes
It is the purpose of sections 1862h to 1862j of this title to—
(1) improve science and technical education at associate-degree-granting colleges;
(2) improve secondary school and postsecondary curricula in mathematics and science;
(3) improve the educational opportunities of postsecondary students by creating comprehensive articulation agreements and planning between 2-year and 4-year institutions; and
(4) promote outreach to secondary schools to improve mathematics and science instruction.
(Pub. L. 102–476, § 2, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2297.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Sections 1862h to 1862j of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 102–476, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2297, known as the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992, which enacted this section and sections 1862i and 1862j of this title and amended section 1862 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note set out under section 1861 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862j (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862j. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated, from sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, to the Director for carrying out sections 1862h to 1862j of this title—
(1) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; and
(2) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1993.
(Pub. L. 102–476, § 5, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2301.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Sections 1862h to 1862j of this title, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 102–476, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2297, known as the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992, which enacted this section and sections 1862h and 1862i of this title and amended section 1862 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note set out under section 1861 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862m (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862m. Financial disclosure
Persons temporarily employed by or at the Foundation shall be subject to the same financial disclosure requirements and related sanctions under the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) as are permanent employees of the Foundation in equivalent positions.
(Pub. L. 105–207, title II, § 204, July 29, 1998, 112 Stat. 876.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Ethics in Government Act of 1978, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–521, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1824, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 101 of Pub. L. 95–521 in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1998, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.