dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
15 U.S.C. § 5524 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5524. Department of Commerce activities
(a) General responsibilities
As part of the Program described in subchapter I—
(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall—
(A) conduct basic and applied measurement research needed to support various networking and information technology systems and capabilities;
(B) develop and propose standards and guidelines, and develop measurement techniques and test methods, for the interoperability and usability of networking and information technology systems; and
(C) be responsible for developing benchmark tests and standards for networking and information technology systems and software; and
(2) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall conduct basic and applied research in weather prediction and ocean sciences, particularly in development of new forecast models, in computational fluid dynamics, and in the incorporation of evolving computer architectures and networks into the systems that carry out agency missions.
(b) Networking and information technology security
The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall be responsible for developing and proposing standards and guidelines needed to assure the cost-effective security and privacy of Federal agency information and information systems.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, § 204, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1601; Pub. L. 114–329, title I, § 105(m), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat. 2984.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(m)(1)(A), substituted “networking and information technology systems and capabilities” for “high-performance computing systems and networks”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(m)(1)(B), substituted “interoperability and usability of networking and information technology systems” for “interoperability of high-performance computing systems in networks and for common user interfaces to systems”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(m)(1)(C), substituted “networking and information technology” for “high-performance computing”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(m)(2), in heading, substituted “Networking and information technology” for “High-performance computing and network” and, in text, substituted “The National Institute” for “Pursuant to the Computer Security Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–235; 101 Stat. 1724), the National Institute” and “Federal agency information and information systems” for “sensitive information in Federal computer systems”.
Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(m)(3), struck out subsecs. (c) and (d) which required a study of the impact of Federal procurement regulations and authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1992 to 1996.
15 U.S.C. § 5527 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5527. Miscellaneous provisions
(a) Nonapplicability
Except to the extent the appropriate Federal agency or department head determines, the provisions of this chapter shall not apply to—
(1) programs or activities regarding computer systems that process classified information; or
(2) computer systems the function, operation, or use of which are those delineated in section 3552(b)(6)(A)(i) of title 44.
(b) Acquisition of prototype and early production models
In accordance with Federal contracting law, Federal agencies and departments participating in the Program may acquire prototype or early production models of new networking and information technology systems and subsystems to stimulate hardware and software development. Items of computing equipment acquired under this subsection shall be considered research computers for purposes of applicable acquisition regulations.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, § 207, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 114–329, title I, § 105(p), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat. 2984.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(p)(1), substituted “section 3552(b)(6)(A)(i) of title 44” for “paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 2315(a) of title 10”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(p)(2), substituted “networking and information technology” for “high-performance computing”.
15 U.S.C. § 5541 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5541. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1) Department
The term “Department” means the Department of Energy.
(2) Exascale computing
The term “exascale computing” means computing through the use of a computing machine that performs near or above 10 to the 18th power operations per second.
(3) High-end computing system
The term “high-end computing system” means a computing system with performance that substantially exceeds that of systems that are commonly available for advanced scientific and engineering applications.
(4) Leadership System
The term “Leadership System” means a high-end computing system that is among the most advanced in the world in terms of performance in solving scientific and engineering problems.
(5) Institution of higher education
The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given the term in section 1001(a) of title 20.
(6) Secretary
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Energy.
(Pub. L. 108–423, § 2, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 304(a)(2), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3145.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 108–423, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5501 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: This section was enacted as part of the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Pars. (1) to (5). Pub. L. 115–246, § 304(a)(2)(A), (B), added pars. (1) and (2), redesignated former pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which defined “Center”. Former par. (5) redesignated (6).
Par. (6). Pub. L. 115–246, § 304(a)(2)(A), (C), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and struck out “, acting through the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy” before period at end.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: This subchapter known as the “American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017”, see Short Title note set out under section 5501 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 5544 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5544. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title IX, § 9008, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2600, which related to veterans’ health initiative, was transferred to section 9462 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 5601 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5601. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 102–555, § 2, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4163, which related to findings, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 60101 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
15 U.S.C. § 5701 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5701. Short title; findings
(a) Short title
This chapter may be cited as the “Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act”.
(b) Findings
The Congress finds the following:
(1) The use of pay-per-call services, most commonly through the use of 900 telephone numbers, has grown exponentially in the past few years into a national, billion-dollar industry as a result of recent technological innovations. Such services are convenient to consumers, cost-effective to vendors, and profitable to communications common carriers.
(2) Many pay-per-call businesses provide valuable information, increase consumer choices, and stimulate innovative and responsive services that benefit the public.
(3) The interstate nature of the pay-per-call industry means that its activities are beyond the reach of individual States and therefore requires Federal regulatory treatment to protect the public interest.
(4) The lack of nationally uniform regulatory guidelines has led to confusion for callers, subscribers, industry participants, and regulatory agencies as to the rights of callers and the oversight responsibilities of regulatory authorities, and has allowed some pay-per-call businesses to engage in practices that abuse the rights of consumers.
(5) Some interstate pay-per-call businesses have engaged in practices which are misleading to the consumer, harmful to the public interest, or contrary to accepted standards of business practices and thus cause harm to the many reputable businesses that are serving the public.
(6) Because the consumer most often incurs a financial obligation as soon as a pay-per-call transaction is completed, the accuracy and descriptiveness of vendor advertisements become crucial in avoiding consumer abuse. The obligation for accuracy should include price-per-call and duration-of-call information, odds disclosure for lotteries, games, and sweepstakes, and obligations for obtaining parental consent from callers under 18.
(7) The continued growth of the legitimate pay-per-call industry is dependent upon consumer confidence that unfair and deceptive behavior will be effectively curtailed and that consumers will have adequate rights of redress.
(8) Vendors of telephone-billed goods and services must also feel confident in their rights and obligations for resolving billing disputes if they are to use this new marketplace for the sale of products of more than nominal value.
(Pub. L. 102–556, § 1, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4181.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 102–556, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4181, which enacted this chapter and section 228 of Title 47, Telecommunications, amended sections 227 and 302a of Title 47, enacted provisions set out as a note under section 302a of Title 47, and amended provisions set out as a note under section 227 of Title 47. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
15 U.S.C. § 5713 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5713. Administration and applicability of subchapter
(a) In general
Except as otherwise provided in section 5712 of this title, this subchapter shall be enforced by the Commission under the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.). Consequently, no activity which is outside the jurisdiction of that Act shall be affected by this chapter, except for purposes of this subchapter.
(b) Actions by Commission
The Commission shall prevent any person from violating a rule of the Commission under section 5711 of this title in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and made a part of this subchapter. Any person who violates such rule shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, power, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act were incorporated into and made a part of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 102–556, title II, § 203, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4191.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in text, is act Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 41 et seq.) of chapter 2 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 58 of this title and Tables.
15 U.S.C. § 5714 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5714. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter:
(1) The term “pay-per-call services” has the meaning provided in section 228(i) of title 47, except that the Commission by rule may, notwithstanding subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 228(i)(1) of title 47, extend such definition to other similar services providing audio information or audio entertainment if the Commission determines that such services are susceptible to the unfair and deceptive practices that are prohibited by the rules prescribed pursuant to section 5711(a) of this title.
(2) The term “attorney general” means the chief legal officer of a State.
(3) The term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States.
(4) The term “Commission” means the Federal Trade Commission.
(Pub. L. 102–556, title II, § 204, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4191; Pub. L. 104–104, title VII, § 701(b)(1), Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 147.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Par. (1). Pub. L. 104–104 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “The term ‘pay-per-call services’ has the meaning provided in section 228 of title 47.”
15 U.S.C. § 5722 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5722. Relation to State laws
(a) State law applicable unless inconsistent
This subchapter does not annul, alter, or affect, or exempt any person subject to the provisions of this subchapter from complying with, the laws of any State with respect to telephone billing practices, except to the extent that those laws are inconsistent with any provision of this subchapter, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency. The Commission is authorized to determine whether such inconsistencies exist. The Commission may not determine that any State law is inconsistent with any provision of this subchapter 1 if the Commission determines that such law gives greater protection to the consumer.
(b) Regulatory exemptions
The Commission shall by regulation exempt from the requirements of this subchapter any class of telephone-billed purchase transactions within any State if it determines that under the law of that State that class of transactions is subject to requirements substantially similar to those imposed under this subchapter 1 or that such law gives greater protection to the consumer, and that there is adequate provision for enforcement.
(Pub. L. 102–556, title III, § 302, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4192.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to the last time in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original “this chapter” and was translated as reading “this title” meaning title III of Pub. L. 102–556, to reflect the probable intent of Congress because Pub. L. 102–556 does not contain chapters.
15 U.S.C. § 5723 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5723. Enforcement
The Commission shall enforce the requirements of this subchapter. For the purpose of the exercise by the Commission of its functions and powers under the Federal Trade Commission Act [15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.], a violation of any requirement imposed under this subchapter shall be deemed a violation of a requirement imposed under that Act. All the functions and powers of the Commission under that Act are available to the Commission to enforce compliance by any person with the requirements imposed under this subchapter, irrespective of whether that person is engaged in commerce or meets any other jurisdictional tests in that Act. The Commission may prescribe such regulations as are necessary or appropriate to implement the provisions of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 102–556, title III, § 303, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4192.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in text, is act Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 41 et seq.) of chapter 2 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 58 of this title and Tables.
15 U.S.C. § 5801 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5801. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 102–588, title V, § 501, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5122, which related to findings, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 50501 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
15 U.S.C. § 5901 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5901. Findings
Congress finds that—
(1) the distribution of goods and services to consumers in the United States requires the free flow of currency, bullion, securities, supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits, and other items of unusual value in interstate commerce;
(2) the armored car industry transports and protects such items in interstate commerce, including daily transportation of currency and supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits valued at more than $1,000,000,000;
(3) armored car crew members are often subject to armed attack by individuals attempting to steal such items;
(4) to protect themselves and the items they transport, such crew members are armed with weapons;
(5) various States require both weapons training and a criminal record background check before licensing a crew member to carry a weapon; and
(6) there is a need for each State to reciprocally accept weapons licenses of other States for armored car crew members to assure the free and safe transport of valuable items in interstate commerce.
(Pub. L. 103–55, § 2, July 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1097; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamps”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.
Amendment by section 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.
heading: Short Title of 1998 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 105–287, § 1, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2776, provided that: “This Act [amending section 5902 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5902 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Armored Car Reciprocity Amendments of 1998’.”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 103–55, § 1, July 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 276, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Armored Car Industry Reciprocity Act of 1993’.”
15 U.S.C. § 5904 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5904. Definitions
As used in this chapter:
(1) The term “armored car crew member” means an individual who provides protection for goods transported by an armored car company.
(2) The term “armored car company” means a company—
(A) subject to regulation under subchapter I of chapter 135 of title 49; and
(B) is 1 registered under chapter 139 of such title, in order to engage in the business of transporting and protecting currency, bullion, securities, precious metals, supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits, and other articles of unusual value in interstate commerce.
(3) The term “State” means any State of the United States or the District of Columbia.
(Pub. L. 103–55, § 5, July 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 336, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 954; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1097; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits” for “food stamps”.
1995—Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–88 substituted “subchapter I of chapter 135” for “subchapter II of chapter 105” in subpar. (A) and “is registered under chapter 139” for “holding the appropriate certificate, permit, or license issued under subchapter II of chapter 109” in subpar. (B).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.
Amendment by section 4002(b)(1)(E), (2)(L) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.
heading: Effective Date of 1995 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of Title 49, Transportation.
15 U.S.C. § 6001 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 6001. Establishment of program
(a) In general
The Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration may, in accordance with section 6002 of this title, make grants to States, political subdivisions of States, and nonprofit organizations for programs that require or encourage individuals under the age of 16 to wear approved bicycle helmets. In making those grants, the Administrator shall allow grantees to use wide discretion in designing programs that effectively promote increased bicycle helmet use.
(b) Federal share
The amount provided by a grant under this section shall not exceed 80 percent of the cost of the program for which the grant is made. In crediting the recipient State, political subdivision, or nonprofit organization for the non-Federal share of the cost of such a program (other than planning and administration), the aggregate of all expenditures made by such State, political subdivision, or nonprofit organization (exclusive of Federal funds) for the purposes described in section 6002 of this title (other than expenditures for planning and administration) shall be available for such crediting, without regard to whether such expenditures were actually made in connection with such program.
(Pub. L. 103–267, title II, § 202, June 16, 1994, 108 Stat. 726.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 103–267, title II, § 201, June 16, 1994, 108 Stat. 726, provided that: “This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Children’s Bicycle Helmet Safety Act of 1994’.”