dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
20 U.S.C. § 10012 (EDUCATION)
§ 10012. Fiscal relief
(a) In general
For the purpose of relieving fiscal burdens on States and local educational agencies that have experienced a precipitous decline in financial resources, the Secretary of Education may waive or modify any requirement of this chapter relating to maintaining fiscal effort.
(b) Duration
A waiver or modification under this section shall be for any of fiscal year 2009, fiscal year 2010, or fiscal year 2011, as determined by the Secretary.
(c) Criteria
The Secretary shall not grant a waiver or modification under this section unless the Secretary determines that the State receiving such waiver or modification will not provide for elementary, secondary, and public higher education, for the fiscal year under consideration, a smaller percentage of the total revenues available to the State than the percentage provided for such purpose in the preceding fiscal year.
(d) Maintenance of effort
Upon prior approval from the Secretary, a State or local educational agency that receives funds under this chapter may treat any portion of such funds that is used for elementary, secondary, or postsecondary education as non-Federal funds for the purpose of any requirement to maintain fiscal effort under any other program, including part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), administered by the Secretary.
(e) Subsequent level of effort
Notwithstanding (d),1 the level of effort required by a State or local educational agency for the following fiscal year shall not be reduced.
(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, § 14012, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 285; Pub. L. 111–8, div. F, title V, § 523(h), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 806.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175. Part C of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1431 et seq.) of chapter 33 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2009—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–8 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall not grant a waiver or modification under this section unless the Secretary determines that the State or local educational agency receiving such waiver or modification will not provide for elementary and secondary education, for the fiscal year under consideration, a smaller percentage of the total revenues available to the State or local educational agency than the amount provided for such purpose in the preceding fiscal year.”
20 U.S.C. § 10013 (EDUCATION)
§ 10013. Definitions
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, as used in this chapter—
(1) the terms “elementary education” and “secondary education” have the meaning given such terms under State law;
(2) the term “high-need local educational agency” means a local educational agency—
(A) that serves not fewer than 10,000 children from families with incomes below the poverty line; or
(B) for which not less than 20 percent of the children served by the agency are from families with incomes below the poverty line;
(3) the term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in section 1001 of this title;
(4) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Education;
(5) the term “State” means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and
(6) any other term used that is defined in section 7801 1 of this title shall have the meaning given the term in such section.
(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, § 14013, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 286.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 7801 of this title, referred to in par. (6), was in the original a reference to section 9101 of Pub. L. 89–10, which was renumbered section 8101 by Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, § 8001(a)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2089.
26 U.S.C. § 194A (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 194A. Contributions to employer liability trusts
(a) Allowance of deduction
There shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to the amount—
(1) which is contributed by an employer to a trust described in section 501(c)(22) (relating to withdrawal liability payment fund) which meets the requirements of section 4223(h) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and
(2) which is properly allocable to such taxable year.
(b) Allocation to taxable year
In the case of a contribution described in subsection (a) which relates to any specified period of time which includes more than one taxable year, the amount properly allocable to any taxable year in such period shall be determined by prorating such amounts to such taxable years under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(c) Disallowance of deduction
No deduction shall be allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any contribution described in subsection (a) which does not relate to any specified period of time.
(Added Pub. L. 96–364, title II, § 209(c)(1), Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1290, § 194; renumbered § 194A, Pub. L. 97–448, title III, § 305(b)(1), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2399.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 4223(h) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to section 1403(h) of Title 29, Labor.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1983 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 97–448, title III, § 311(c)(2), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2411, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (b) of section 305 [redesignating section 194 of this title, relating to contributions to employer liability trusts, as this section] shall take effect on October 14, 1980.”
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 96–364, title II, § 210, Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1291, provided that:
“(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this title [amending sections 401, 404, 411 to 414, 4971, and 4975 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1980].
“(b) Subpart C of part I of subchapter D of chapter 1 of such Code (as added by this Act) [sections 418 to 418E of this title] shall take effect, with respect to each plan, on the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after the earlier of—
“(1) the date on which the last collective-bargaining agreement providing for employer contributions under the plan, which was in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1980], expires, without regard to extensions agreed to after such date of enactment, or
“(2) 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1980].
“(c) The amendments made by section 209 [enacting this section and amending sections 501 and 4975 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1980].”
26 U.S.C. § 198A (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 198A. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(35), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4042]
text: Section, added Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, title VII, § 707(a), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3923, related to expensing of qualified disaster expenses. Repeal was executed to this section, which is in part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding directory language of Pub. L. 113–295, which repealed section 198A in part VI of subchapter A of chapter 1.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as an Effective Date of 2014 Amendment note under section 1 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 211 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 211. Allowance of deductions
In computing taxable income under section 63, there shall be allowed as deductions the items specified in this part, subject to the exceptions provided in part IX (section 261 and following, relating to items not deductible).
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 69; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, § 102(b)(3), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 137.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1977—Pub. L. 95–30 substituted “section 63” for “section 63(a)”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1977 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 95–30 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 106(a) of Pub. L. 95–30, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 212 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 212. Expenses for production of income
In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as a deduction all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year—
(1) for the production or collection of income;
(2) for the management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for the production of income; or
(3) in connection with the determination, collection, or refund of any tax.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 69.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Denial of Deduction for Amounts Paid or Incurred on Judgments in Suits Brought To Recover Price Increases in Purchase of New Principal Residence
text: No deductions to be allowed in computing taxable income for two-thirds of any amount paid or incurred on a judgment entered against any person in a suit brought under section 208(b) of Pub. L. 94–12, see section 208(c) of Pub. L. 94–12, set out as a note under section 44 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 214 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 214. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title V, § 504(b)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1565]
text: Section, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 70; Apr. 2, 1963, Pub. L. 88–4, § 1, 77 Stat. 4; Feb. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 212(a), 78 Stat. 49; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title II, § 210(a), 85 Stat. 518; Mar. 29, 1975, Pub. L. 94–12, title II, § 206, 89 Stat. 32, provided for allowance of deduction for household and dependent care services necessary for gainful employment; defined “qualifying individual”, “employment-related expenses”, “maintaining a household”; limitation on deductible amount; income limitation; and special rules and regulations applicable in the determination and allowance of deduction.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 508 of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 3 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 215 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 215. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 11051(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2089]
text: Section, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 71; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 422(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 797, related to a deduction for alimony or separate maintenance payments paid during an individual’s taxable year.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable to any divorce or separation instrument (as defined in former section 71(b)(2) of this title as in effect before Dec. 22, 2017) executed after Dec. 31, 2018, and to such instruments executed on or before Dec. 31, 2018, and modified after Dec. 31, 2018, if the modification expressly provides that the amendment made by section 11051 of Pub. L. 115–97 applies to such modification, see section 11051(c) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as an Effective Date of 2017 Amendment note under section 61 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 218 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 218. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–600, title I, § 113(a)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2778]
text: Section, added Pub. L. 92–178, title VII, § 702(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 561; amended Pub. L. 93–625, §§ 11(d), 12(b), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2120; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834, related to contributions to candidates for public office.
text: A prior section 218 was renumbered section 224 of this title.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective with respect to contributions the payment of which is made after Dec. 31, 1978, in taxable years beginning after such date, see section 113(d) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 24 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 222 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 222. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, § 104(b)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3041]
text: Section, added Pub. L. 107–16, title IV, § 431(a), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 66; amended Pub. L. 108–357, title I, § 102(d)(3), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1429; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title I, § 101(a), (b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2933; Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3864; Pub. L. 111–312, title VII, § 724(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3316; Pub. L. 112–240, title II, § 207(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2324; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title I, § 107(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4013; Pub. L. 114–27, title VIII, § 804(b), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title I, § 153(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3066; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 13305(b)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2126; Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title I, § 40203(a), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 145; Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, § 104(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3228; Pub. L. 117–2, title IX, § 9042(b)(7), Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 122, related to a deduction for qualified tuition and related expenses.
text: A prior section 222 was renumbered section 224 of this title.
text: Another prior section 222, added Pub. L. 97–34, title I, § 125(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 201; amended Pub. L. 97–448, title I, § 101(f), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2367, related to deduction of adoption expenses, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §§ 135(a), 151(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2116, 2121, applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal of section applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2020, see section 104(c) of div. EE of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as an Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note under section 25A of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 242 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 242. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(33), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1769]
text: Section, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 72; Feb. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88–272, title I, § 123(c), 78 Stat. 30, allowed to corporations as a deduction the amount received as interest on obligations of the United States or on obligations of corporations organized under Acts of Congress which are instrumentalities of the United States under certain conditions.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 244 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 244. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, § 221(a)(41)(A), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4043]
text: Section, Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 73; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 214(b)(1), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, § 301(b)(3), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2820; Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, § 611(a)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2249; Pub. L. 100–203, title X, § 10221(a)(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–408; Pub. L. 100–647, title II, § 2004(i)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3603, allowed to corporations as a deduction a percentage of the amount received as dividends on the preferred stock of a public utility.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal not applicable to preferred stock issued before Oct. 1, 1942 (determined in the same manner as under section 247 of this title as in effect before its repeal by Pub. L. 113–295), see section 221(a)(41)(K) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as an Effective Date of 2014 Amendment note under section 172 of this title.
Except as otherwise provided in section 221(a) of Pub. L. 113–295, repeal effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as an Effective Date of 2014 Amendment note under section 1 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 262 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 262. Personal, living, and family expenses
(a) General rule
Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, no deduction shall be allowed for personal, living, or family expenses.
(b) Treatment of certain phone expenses
For purposes of subsection (a), in the case of an individual, any charge (including taxes thereon) for basic local telephone service with respect to the 1st telephone line provided to any residence of the taxpayer shall be treated as a personal expense.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 76; Pub. L. 100–647, title V, § 5073(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3682.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Pub. L. 100–647 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, no deduction shall be allowed for personal, living, or family expenses.”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 100–647, title V, § 5073(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3682, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1988.”
26 U.S.C. § 266 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 266. Carrying charges
No deduction shall be allowed for amounts paid or accrued for such taxes and carrying charges as, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, are chargeable to capital account with respect to property, if the taxpayer elects, in accordance with such regulations, to treat such taxes or charges as so chargeable.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 78; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.
26 U.S.C. § 269A (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 269A. Personal service corporations formed or availed of to avoid or evade income tax
(a) General rule
If—
(1) substantially all of the services of a personal service corporation are performed for (or on behalf of) 1 other corporation, partnership, or other entity, and
(2) the principal purpose for forming, or availing of, such personal service corporation is the avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax by reducing the income of, or securing the benefit of any expense, deduction, credit, exclusion, or other allowance for, any employee-owner which would not otherwise be available,
then the Secretary may allocate all income, deductions, credits, exclusions, and other allowances between such personal service corporation and its employee-owners, if such allocation is necessary to prevent avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax or clearly to reflect the income of the personal service corporation or any of its employee-owners.
(b) Definitions
For purposes of this section—
(1) Personal service corporation
The term “personal service corporation” means a corporation the principal activity of which is the performance of personal services and such services are substantially performed by employee-owners.
(2) Employee-owner
The term “employee-owner” means any employee who owns, on any day during the taxable year, more than 10 percent of the outstanding stock of the personal service corporation. For purposes of the preceding sentence, section 318 shall apply, except that “5 percent” shall be substituted for “50 percent” in section 318(a)(2)(C).
(3) Related persons
All related persons (within the meaning of section 144(a)(3)) shall be treated as 1 entity.
(Added Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 250(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 528; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, § 1301(j)(4), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2657.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1986—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “section 144(a)(3)” for “section 103(b)(6)(C)”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to bonds issued after Aug. 15, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see sections 1311 to 1318 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under section 141 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 250(c), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 529, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982.”
26 U.S.C. § 270 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 270. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 213(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 572]
text: Section, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 81, related to the limitation on deductions allowable to certain individuals. See section 183 of this title.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 213(d) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as an Effective Date note under section 183 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 271 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 271. Debts owed by political parties, etc.
(a) General rule
In the case of a taxpayer (other than a bank as defined in section 581) no deduction shall be allowed under section 166 (relating to bad debts) or under section 165(g) (relating to worthlessness of securities) by reason of the worthlessness of any debt owed by a political party.
(b) Definitions
(1) Political party
For purposes of subsection (a), the term “political party” means—
(A) a political party;
(B) a national, State, or local committee of a political party; or
(C) a committee, association, or organization which accepts contributions or makes expenditures for the purpose of influencing or attempting to influence the election of presidential or vice-presidential electors or of any individual whose name is presented for election to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, whether or not such individual is elected.
(2) Contributions
For purposes of paragraph (1)(C), the term “contributions” includes a gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit, of money, or anything of value, and includes a contract, promise, or agreement to make a contribution, whether or not legally enforceable.
(3) Expenditures
For purposes of paragraph (1)(C), the term “expenditures” includes a payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit, or gift, of money, or anything of value, and includes a contract, promise, or agreement to make an expenditure, whether or not legally enforceable.
(c) Exception
In the case of a taxpayer who uses an accrual method of accounting, subsection (a) shall not apply to a debt which accrued as a receivable on a bona fide sale of goods or services in the ordinary course of the taxpayer’s trade or business if—
(1) for the taxable year in which such receivable accrued, more than 30 percent of all receivables which accrued in the ordinary course of the trades and businesses of the taxpayer were due from political parties, and
(2) the taxpayer made substantial continuing efforts to collect on the debt.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 82; Pub. L. 94–455, title XXI, § 2104(a), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1901.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1976—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455 added subsec. (c).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1976 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 94–455, title XXI, § 2104(b), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1902, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1975.”