dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
49 U.S.C. § 28501 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 28501. Definitions
In this chapter—
(1) the term “Board” means the Surface Transportation Board;
(2) the term “capital work” means maintenance, restoration, reconstruction, capacity enhancement, or rehabilitation work on trackage that would be treated, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, as a capital item rather than an expense;
(3) the term “commuter rail passenger transportation” has the meaning given that term in section 24102;
(4) the term “public transportation authority” means a local governmental authority (as defined in section 5302) established to provide, or make a contract providing for, commuter rail passenger transportation;
(5) the term “rail carrier” means a person, other than a governmental authority, providing common carrier railroad transportation for compensation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under chapter 105;
(6) the term “segregated fixed guideway facility” means a fixed guideway facility constructed within the railroad right-of-way of a rail carrier but physically separate from trackage, including relocated trackage, within the right-of-way used by a rail carrier for freight transportation purposes; and
(7) the term “trackage” means a railroad line of a rail carrier, including a spur, industrial, team, switching, side, yard, or station track, and a facility of a rail carrier.
(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title IV, § 401(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4955; amended Pub. L. 117–58, div. C, § 30001(b)(4), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 890.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2021—Par. (4). Pub. L. 117–58 substituted “section 5302” for “section 5302(a)(6)”.
49 U.S.C. § 28502 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 28502. Surface Transportation Board mediation of trackage use requests
If, after a reasonable period of negotiation, a public transportation authority cannot reach agreement with a rail carrier to use trackage of, and have related services provided by, the rail carrier for purposes of commuter rail passenger transportation, the public transportation authority or the rail carrier may apply to the Board for nonbinding mediation. The Board shall conduct the nonbinding mediation in accordance with the mediation process of section 1109.4 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of this section.
(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title IV, § 401(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4955.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.
49 U.S.C. § 28503 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 28503. Surface Transportation Board mediation of rights-of-way use requests
If, after a reasonable period of negotiation, a public transportation authority cannot reach agreement with a rail carrier to acquire an interest in a railroad right-of-way for the construction and operation of a segregated fixed guideway facility to provide commuter rail passenger transportation, the public transportation authority or the rail carrier may apply to the Board for nonbinding mediation. The Board shall conduct the nonbinding mediation in accordance with the mediation process of section 1109.4 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of this section.
(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title IV, § 401(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4956.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.
49 U.S.C. § 28505 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 28505. Rules and regulations
Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Board shall issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title IV, § 401(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4956.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.
49 U.S.C. § 30104 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30104. Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $98,313,500 for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to carry out this part in each fiscal year beginning in fiscal year 1999 and ending in fiscal year 2001.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, § 7102(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 106–39, § 1(a), July 28, 1999, 113 Stat. 206.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30104
15:1392 (note).
Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, § 2501(a), 105 Stat. 2081.
In this section, before clause (1), the words “to the Secretary of Transportation for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration” are substituted for “For the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration” for clarity and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The reference to fiscal year 1992 is omitted as obsolete.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–39 substituted “$98,313,500” for “$81,200,000”.
1998—Pub. L. 105–178 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The following amounts may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to carry out this chapter:
“(1) $71,333,436 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993.
“(2) $74,044,106 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994.
“(3) $76,857,782 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995.”
49 U.S.C. § 30105 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30105. Restriction on lobbying activities
(a) In General.—
No funds appropriated to the Secretary for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall be available for any activity specifically designed to urge a State or local legislator to favor or oppose the adoption of any specific legislative proposal pending before any State or local legislative body.
(b) Appearance as Witness Not Barred.—
Subsection (a) does not prohibit officers or employees of the United States from testifying before any State or local legislative body in response to the invitation of any member of that legislative body or a State executive office.
(Added and amended Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, § 7104(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 466; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9012(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 864.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, § 7104(c), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, inserted “for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration” after “Secretary”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 30106 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30106. Rented or leased motor vehicle safety and responsibility
(a) In General.—
An owner of a motor vehicle that rents or leases the vehicle to a person (or an affiliate of the owner) shall not be liable under the law of any State or political subdivision thereof, by reason of being the owner of the vehicle (or an affiliate of the owner), for harm to persons or property that results or arises out of the use, operation, or possession of the vehicle during the period of the rental or lease, if—
(1) the owner (or an affiliate of the owner) is engaged in the trade or business of renting or leasing motor vehicles; and
(2) there is no negligence or criminal wrongdoing on the part of the owner (or an affiliate of the owner).
(b) Financial Responsibility Laws.—
Nothing in this section supersedes the law of any State or political subdivision thereof—
(1) imposing financial responsibility or insurance standards on the owner of a motor vehicle for the privilege of registering and operating a motor vehicle; or
(2) imposing liability on business entities engaged in the trade or business of renting or leasing motor vehicles for failure to meet the financial responsibility or liability insurance requirements under State law.
(c) Applicability and Effective Date.—
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this section shall apply with respect to any action commenced on or after the date of enactment of this section without regard to whether the harm that is the subject of the action, or the conduct that caused the harm, occurred before such date of enactment.
(d) Definitions.—
In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) Affiliate.—
The term “affiliate” means a person other than the owner that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the owner. In the preceding sentence, the term “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person whether through ownership of voting securities or otherwise.
(2) Owner.—
The term “owner” means a person who is—
(A) a record or beneficial owner, holder of title, lessor, or lessee of a motor vehicle;
(B) entitled to the use and possession of a motor vehicle subject to a security interest in another person; or
(C) a lessor, lessee, or a bailee of a motor vehicle, in the trade or business of renting or leasing motor vehicles, having the use or possession thereof, under a lease, bailment, or otherwise.
(3) Person.—
The term “person” means any individual, corporation, company, limited liability company, trust, association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, or any other entity.
(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title X, § 10208(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1935.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.
49 U.S.C. § 30120A (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30120A. Recall obligations and bankruptcy of a manufacturer
A manufacturer’s filing of a petition in bankruptcy under chapter 7 or chapter 11 of title 11 does not negate the manufacturer’s duty to comply with section 30112 or sections 30115 through 30120 of this title. In any bankruptcy proceeding, the manufacturer’s obligations under such sections shall be treated as a claim of the United States Government against such manufacturer, subject to subchapter II of chapter 37 of title 31, United States Code, and given priority pursuant to section 3713(a)(1)(A) of such chapter, notwithstanding section 3713(a)(2), to ensure that consumers are adequately protected from any safety defect or noncompliance determined to exist in the manufacturer’s products. This section shall apply equally to actions of a manufacturer taken before or after the filing of a petition in bankruptcy.
(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31312(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 772; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. B, title XXIV, § 24106, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1705.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Pub. L. 114–94 substituted “chapter 7 or chapter 11 of title 11” for “chapter 11 of title 11,”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 30124 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30124. Nonuse of safety belts
A motor vehicle safety standard prescribed under this chapter may not require a manufacturer to comply with the standard by using a safety belt interlock designed to prevent starting or operating a motor vehicle if an occupant is not using a safety belt.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31202(a)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 757.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30124
15:1410b.
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, § 125; added Oct. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93–492, § 109, 88 Stat. 1482.
The text of 15:1410b(a) and (c)–(e) is omitted as obsolete. The text of 15:1410b(b)(2) and (3) and (f)(2) and (3) is omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The words “After the effective date of the amendment prescribed under subsection (a) of this section” are omitted as executed. The words “prescribed under this chapter” are substituted for “Federal” for consistency in this chapter.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A motor vehicle safety standard prescribed under this chapter may not require or allow a manufacturer to comply with the standard by using a safety belt interlock designed to prevent starting or operating a motor vehicle if an occupant is not using a safety belt or a buzzer designed to indicate a safety belt is not in use, except a buzzer that operates only during the 8-second period after the ignition is turned to the ‘start’ or ‘on’ position.”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 30128 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30128. Vehicle rollover prevention and crash mitigation
(a) In General.—
The Secretary shall initiate rulemaking proceedings, for the purpose of establishing rules or standards that will reduce vehicle rollover crashes and mitigate deaths and injuries associated with such crashes for motor vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of not more than 10,000 pounds.
(b) Rollover Prevention.—
One of the rulemaking proceedings initiated under subsection (a) shall be to establish performance criteria to reduce the occurrence of rollovers consistent with stability enhancing technologies. The Secretary shall issue a proposed rule in this proceeding by rule by October 1, 2006, and a final rule by April 1, 2009.
(c) Occupant Ejection Prevention.—
(1) In general.—
The Secretary shall also initiate a rulemaking proceeding to establish performance standards to reduce complete and partial ejections of vehicle occupants from outboard seating positions. In formulating the standards the Secretary shall consider various ejection mitigation systems. The Secretary shall issue a final rule under this paragraph no later than October 1, 2009.
(2) Door locks and door retention.—
The Secretary shall complete the rulemaking proceeding initiated to upgrade Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 206, relating to door locks and door retention, no later than 30 months after the date of enactment of this section.
(d) Protection of Occupants.—
One of the rulemaking proceedings initiated under subsection (a) shall be to establish performance criteria to upgrade Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 216 relating to roof strength for driver and passenger sides. The Secretary may consider industry and independent dynamic tests that realistically duplicate the actual forces transmitted during a rollover crash. The Secretary shall issue a proposed rule by December 31, 2005, and a final rule by July 1, 2008.
(e) Deadlines.—
If the Secretary determines that the deadline for a final rule under this section cannot be met, the Secretary shall—
(1) notify the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce and explain why that deadline cannot be met; and
(2) establish a new deadline.
(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title X, § 10301(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1939.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.
heading: Codification
text: Section 10301(a) of Pub. L. 109–59, which directed that this section be added at the end of subchapter II of chapter 301, without specifying the title to be amended, was executed by adding this section at the end of subchapter II of this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
49 U.S.C. § 30129 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30129. Crash avoidance technology
(a) In General.—
The Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate a rule—
(1) to establish minimum performance standards with respect to crash avoidance technology; and
(2) to require that all passenger motor vehicles manufactured for sale in the United States on or after the compliance date described in subsection (b) shall be equipped with—
(A) a forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking system that—
(i) alerts the driver if—
(I) the distance to a vehicle ahead or an object in the path of travel ahead is closing too quickly; and
(II) a collision is imminent; and
(ii) automatically applies the brakes if the driver fails to do so; and
(B) a lane departure warning and lane-keeping assist system that—
(i) warns the driver to maintain the lane of travel; and
(ii) corrects the course of travel if the driver fails to do so.
(b) Compliance Date.—
The Secretary of Transportation shall determine the appropriate effective date, and any phasing-in of requirements, of the final rule promulgated pursuant to subsection (a).
(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, § 24208(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 823.)
49 U.S.C. § 30144 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30144. Importing motor vehicles on a temporary basis
(a) General.—
Section 30112(a) of this title does not apply to a motor vehicle imported on a temporary basis for personal use by an individual who is a member of—
(1)
(A) the personnel of the government of a foreign country on assignment in the United States or a member of the Secretariat of a public international organization designated under the International Organizations Immunities Act (22 U.S.C. 288 et seq.); and
(B) the class of individuals for whom the Secretary of State has authorized free importation of motor vehicles; or
(2) the armed forces of a foreign country on assignment in the United States.
(b) Verification.—
The Secretary of Transportation or the Secretary of the Treasury may require verification, that the Secretary of Transportation considers appropriate, that an individual is a member described under subsection (a) of this section. The Secretary of Transportation shall ensure that a motor vehicle imported under this section will be exported (at no cost to the United States Government) or abandoned to the Government when the individual no longer—
(1) resides in the United States; and
(2) is a member described under subsection (a) of this section.
(c) Sale in the United States.—
A motor vehicle imported under this section may not be sold when in the United States.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 964; Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(57), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3394.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30144(a)
15:1397(h) (1st sentence).
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, § 108(h); added Oct. 31, 1988, Pub. L. 100–562, § 2(b), 102 Stat. 2823.
30144(b)
15:1397(h) (2d, 3d sentences).
30144(c)
15:1397(h) (last sentence).
In subsection (a)(1)(B), the word “importation” is substituted for “entry” for clarity and consistency in this chapter.
In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words “that an individual is a member described under subsection (a) of this section” are substituted for “such status” for clarity. The word “imported” is substituted for “entered” for clarity and consistency in this chapter. In clause (2), the words “a member described under subsection (a) of this section” are substituted for “hold such status” for clarity.
heading: Pub. L. 104–287
text: This amends 49:30144(a)(1)(A) to correct an erroneous cross-reference.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The International Organizations Immunities Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is title I of act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, 59 Stat. 669, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter XVIII (§ 288 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 288 of Title 22 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted “International Organizations” for “International Organization”.
49 U.S.C. § 30162 (TRANSPORTATION)
§ 30162. Petitions by interested persons for standards and enforcement
(a) Filing.—
Any interested person may file a petition with the Secretary of Transportation requesting the Secretary to begin a proceeding—
(1) to prescribe a motor vehicle safety standard under this chapter; or
(2) to decide whether to issue an order under section 30118(b) of this title.
(b) Statement of Facts.—
A petition under this section must state facts that the person claims establish that a motor vehicle safety standard or order referred to in subsection (a) of this section is necessary and briefly describe the order the Secretary should issue.
(c) Proceedings.—
The Secretary may hold a public hearing or conduct an investigation or proceeding to decide whether to grant a petition under this section.
(d) Actions of Secretary.—
(1) In general.—
The Secretary shall determine whether to approve or deny a petition under this section by not later than 120 days after the petition is filed.
(2) Approval.—
If a petition under this section is approved, the Secretary shall begin the proceeding promptly.
(3) Denial.—
If a petition under this section is denied, the Secretary shall publish the reasons for the denial in the Federal Register.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 967; Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, § 24206, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 822.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30162(a)
15:1410a(a).
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, § 124(a)–(d); added Oct. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93–492, § 106, 88 Stat. 1481.
30162(b)
15:1410a(b).
30162(c)
15:1410a(c).
30162(d)
15:1410a(d).
Subsection (a)(1) is substituted for “the issuance of an order pursuant to section 1392 of this title” for clarity and because of the restatement.
In subsection (b), the words “a motor vehicle safety standard” are added because of the restatement. The words “referred to in subsection (a) of this section” are added for clarity. The words “of the substance” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (c), the words “as he deems appropriate in order” and “or not” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (d), the words “described in subsection (b) of this section”, “either”, and “requested in the petition” are omitted as surplus.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2021—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24206(1), substituted “A petition under this section” for “The petition”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24206(2), substituted “a petition under this section” for “the petition”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24206(3), designated first to third sentences of existing provisions as pars. (1) to (3), respectively, and inserted headings.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24206(3)(C), substituted “The Secretary shall determine whether to approve or deny a petition under this section by” for “The Secretary shall grant or deny a petition”.
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24206(3)(B), substituted “If a petition under this section is approved” for “If a petition is granted”.
Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24206(3)(A), substituted “If a petition under this section” for “If a petition”.