dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 283c (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 283c. Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
(a) There is established within the Office of the Director of NIH an office to be known as the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (in this section referred to as the “Office”). The Office shall be headed by a director, who shall be appointed by the Director of NIH.
(b)
(1) With respect to research on the relationship between human behavior and the development, treatment, and prevention of medical conditions, the Director of the Office shall—
(A) coordinate research conducted or supported by the agencies of the National Institutes of Health; and
(B) identify projects of behavioral and social sciences research that should be conducted or supported by the national research institutes, and develop such projects in cooperation with such institutes.
(2) Research authorized under paragraph (1) includes research on teen pregnancy, infant mortality, violent behavior, suicide, and homelessness. Such research does not include neurobiological research, or research in which the behavior of an organism is observed for the purpose of determining activity at the cellular or molecular level.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404A, as added Pub. L. 103–43, title II, § 203(a), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 145.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 103–43, title II, § 203(c), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 146, provided that: “The amendment described in subsection (a) [enacting this section] is made upon the date of the enactment of this Act [June 10, 1993] and takes effect July 1, 1993. Subsection (b) [107 Stat. 145] takes effect on such date.”
42 U.S.C. § 283d (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 283d. Children’s Vaccine Initiative
The Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Vaccine Program under subchapter XIX and acting through the Directors of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute for Aging, and other public and private programs, shall carry out activities, which shall be consistent with the global Children’s Vaccine Initiative, to develop affordable new and improved vaccines to be used in the United States and in the developing world that will increase the efficacy and efficiency of the prevention of infectious diseases. In carrying out such activities, the Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, develop and make available vaccines that require fewer contacts to deliver, that can be given early in life, that provide long lasting protection, that obviate refrigeration, needles and syringes, and that protect against a larger number of diseases.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404B, as added Pub. L. 103–43, title II, § 204, June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 146; amended Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 103(b)(3), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3687; Pub. L. 110–154, § 1(b)(2), Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1827; Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2042(d), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1073.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Pub. L. 114–255 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading “Development of New Vaccines” and subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: “In the report required in section 300aa–4 of this title, the Secretary, acting through the Director of the National Vaccine Program under subchapter XIX, shall include information with respect to activities and the progress made in implementing the provisions of this section and achieving its goals.”
2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–154 substituted “Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development” for “National Institute for Child Health and Human Development”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–482 struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “In addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated for activities of the type described in this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1995 and 1996.”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2007 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 283f (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 283f. Requirements regarding surveys of sexual behavior
With respect to any survey of human sexual behavior proposed to be conducted or supported through the National Institutes of Health, the survey may not be carried out unless—
(1) the proposal has undergone review in accordance with any applicable requirements of sections 289 and 289a of this title; and
(2) the Secretary, in accordance with section 289a–1 of this title, makes a determination that the information expected to be obtained through the survey will assist—
(A) in reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, the incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, or the incidence of any other infectious disease; or
(B) in improving reproductive health or other conditions of health.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404D, as added Pub. L. 103–43, title II, § 207, June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 148.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Prohibition Against SHARP Adult Sex Survey and American Teenage Sex Survey
text: Pub. L. 103–43, title XX, § 2015, June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 217, provided that: “The Secretary of Health and Human Services may not during fiscal year 1993 or any subsequent fiscal year conduct or support the SHARP survey of adult sexual behavior or the American Teenage Study of adolescent sexual behavior. This section becomes effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [June 10, 1993].”
(THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 283h, 283i. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 283h, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404F, as added Pub. L. 107–280, § 3, Nov. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1989; amended Pub. L. 109–482, title I, §§ 103(b)(5), 104(b)(1)(B), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3687, 3693, which related to the Office of Rare Diseases, was renumbered section 481 of act July 1, 1944, by Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title II, § 221(c)(2)(A)(i), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1089, and transferred to section 287a–1 of this title.
Section 283i, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404G, as added Pub. L. 107–280, § 4, Nov. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1990; amended Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 103(b)(6), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3687, which related to rare disease regional centers of excellence, was renumbered section 481A of act July 1, 1944, by Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title II, § 221(c)(3), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1089, and transferred to section 287a–2 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 283p (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 283p. Population focused research
The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall, as appropriate, encourage efforts to improve research related to the health of sexual and gender minority populations, including by—
(1) facilitating increased participation of sexual and gender minority populations in clinical research supported by the National Institutes of Health, and reporting on such participation, as applicable;
(2) facilitating the development of valid and reliable methods for research relevant to sexual and gender minority populations; and
(3) addressing methodological challenges.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 404N, as added Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2038(d), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1065.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Reporting
text: Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2038(e), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1065, provided that:
“(1) In general.—
The Secretary, in collaboration with the Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall as appropriate—
“(A) continue to support research for the development of appropriate measures related to reporting health information about sexual and gender minority populations; and
“(B) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 13, 2016], disseminate and make public such measures.
“(2) National academy of medicine recommendations.—
In developing the measures described in paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall take into account recommendations made by the National Academy of Medicine.”
42 U.S.C. § 283q (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 283q. Eureka prize competitions
(a) In general
Pursuant to the authorities and processes established under section 3719 of title 15, the Director of the National Institutes of Health shall support prize competitions for one or both of the following goals:
(1) Identifying and funding areas of biomedical science that could realize significant advancements through a prize competition.
(2) Improving health outcomes, particularly with respect to human diseases and conditions—
(A) for which public and private investment in research is disproportionately small relative to Federal Government expenditures on prevention and treatment activities with respect to such diseases and conditions, such that Federal expenditures on health programs would be reduced;
(B) that are serious and represent a significant disease burden in the United States; or
(C) for which there is potential for significant return on investment to the United States.
(b) Tracking; reporting
The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall—
(1) collect information on—
(A) the effect of innovations funded through the prize competitions under this section in advancing biomedical science or improving health outcomes pursuant to subsection (a); and
(B) the effect of the innovations on Federal expenditures; and
(2) include the information collected under paragraph (1) in the triennial report under section 283 of this title (as amended by section 2032).
(Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title II, § 2002, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1047.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2032, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), means section 2032 of Pub. L. 114–255.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the 21st Century Cures Act, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 284b (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284b. Repealed. Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 104(b)(1)(C), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3693
text: Section, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 407, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 831, related to biennial report and its contents.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as an Effective Date of 2007 Amendment note under section 281 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 284d (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284d. Definitions
(a) Health service research
For purposes of this subchapter, the term “health services research” means research endeavors that study the impact of the organization, financing and management of health services on the quality, cost, access to and outcomes of care. Such term does not include research on the efficacy of services to prevent, diagnose, or treat medical conditions.
(b) Clinical research
As used in this subchapter, the term “clinical research” means patient oriented clinical research conducted with human subjects, or research on the causes and consequences of disease in human populations involving material of human origin (such as tissue specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator or colleague directly interacts with human subjects in an outpatient or inpatient setting to clarify a problem in human physiology, pathophysiology or disease, or epidemiologic or behavioral studies, outcomes research or health services research, or developing new technologies, therapeutic interventions, or clinical trials.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 409, as added Pub. L. 102–321, title I, § 121(b), July 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 358; amended Pub. L. 103–43, title XX, § 2016(a), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 106–505, title II, § 206, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2329.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2000—Pub. L. 106–505 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
1993—Pub. L. 103–43 inserted at end “Such term does not include research on the efficacy of services to prevent, diagnose, or treat medical conditions.”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Oct. 1, 1992, with provision for programs providing financial assistance, see section 801(c), (d) of Pub. L. 102–321, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 236 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 284e (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284e. Research on osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and related bone disorders
(a) Establishment
The Directors of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Dental Research, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, shall expand and intensify the programs of such Institutes with respect to research and related activities concerning osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and related bone disorders.
(b) Coordination
The Directors referred to in subsection (a) shall jointly coordinate the programs referred to in such subsection and consult with the Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases Interagency Coordinating Committee and the Interagency Task Force on Aging Research.
(c) Information clearinghouse
(1) In general
In order to assist in carrying out the purpose described in subsection (a), the Director of NIH shall provide for the establishment of an information clearinghouse on osteoporosis and related bone disorders to facilitate and enhance knowledge and understanding on the part of health professionals, patients, and the public through the effective dissemination of information.
(2) Establishment through grant or contract
For the purpose of carrying out paragraph (1), the Director of NIH shall enter into a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract with a nonprofit private entity involved in activities regarding the prevention and control of osteoporosis and related bone disorders.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 409A, as added Pub. L. 103–43, title III, § 302, June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 151; amended Pub. L. 105–340, title I, § 102, Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3192; Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 103(b)(7), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3687.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2007—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–482 struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: “For the purpose of carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $40,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 2003.”
1998—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–340 substituted “through 2003” for “and 1996”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2007 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 284j (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284j. Muscular dystrophy research
(a) Coordination of activities
The Director of NIH shall expand and increase coordination in the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on muscular dystrophies, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
(b) Administration of program; collaboration among agencies
The Director of NIH shall carry out this section through the appropriate institutes, including the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and in collaboration with any other agencies that the Director determines appropriate.
(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 409F, as added Pub. L. 106–310, div. A, title XXII, § 2201, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1157; amended Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 103(b)(12), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3687.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2007—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–482 struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section for each of the fiscal years 2001 through 2005. Amounts appropriated under this subsection shall be in addition to any other amounts appropriated for such purpose.”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2007 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 284o (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284o. Activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on paralysis
(a) Coordination
The Director of the National Institutes of Health (referred to in this section and sections 280g–9 and 284p of this title as the “Director”), pursuant to the general authority of the Director, may develop mechanisms to coordinate the paralysis research and rehabilitation activities of the Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health in order to further advance such activities and avoid duplication of activities.
(b) Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Research Consortia
(1) In general
The Director may make awards of grants to public or private entities to pay all or part of the cost of planning, establishing, improving, and providing basic operating support for consortia in paralysis research. The Director shall designate each consortium funded through such grants as a Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Research Consortium.
(2) Research
Each consortium under paragraph (1)—
(A) may conduct basic, translational, and clinical paralysis research;
(B) may focus on advancing treatments and developing therapies in paralysis research;
(C) may focus on one or more forms of paralysis that result from central nervous system trauma or stroke;
(D) may facilitate and enhance the dissemination of clinical and scientific findings; and
(E) may replicate the findings of consortia members or other researchers for scientific and translational purposes.
(3) Coordination of consortia; reports
The Director may, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of information among consortia under paragraph (1) and ensure regular communication among members of the consortia, and may require the periodic preparation of reports on the activities of the consortia and the submission of the reports to the Director.
(4) Organization of consortia
Each consortium under paragraph (1) may use the facilities of a single lead institution, or be formed from several cooperating institutions, meeting such requirements as may be prescribed by the Director.
(c) Public input
The Director may provide for a mechanism to educate and disseminate information on the existing and planned programs and research activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to paralysis and through which the Director can receive comments from the public regarding such programs and activities.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title XIV, § 14101, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1452.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Act, and also as part of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 284p (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284p. Activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research with implications for enhancing daily function for persons with paralysis
(a) In general
The Director, pursuant to the general authority of the Director, may make awards of grants to public or private entities to pay all or part of the costs of planning, establishing, improving, and providing basic operating support to multicenter networks of clinical sites that will collaborate to design clinical rehabilitation intervention protocols and measures of outcomes on one or more forms of paralysis that result from central nervous system trauma, disorders, or stroke, or any combination of such conditions.
(b) Research
A multicenter network of clinical sites funded through this section may—
(1) focus on areas of key scientific concern, including—
(A) improving functional mobility;
(B) promoting behavioral adaptation to functional losses, especially to prevent secondary complications;
(C) assessing the efficacy and outcomes of medical rehabilitation therapies and practices and assisting technologies;
(D) developing improved assistive technology to improve function and independence; and
(E) understanding whole body system responses to physical impairments, disabilities, and societal and functional limitations; and
(2) replicate the findings of network members or other researchers for scientific and translation purposes.
(c) Coordination of clinical trials networks; reports
The Director may, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of information among networks funded through this section and ensure regular communication among members of the networks, and may require the periodic preparation of reports on the activities of the networks and submission of reports to the Director.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title XIV, § 14201, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1453.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Act, and also as part of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definition of “Director”
text: “Director” as meaning the Director of the National Institutes of Health, see section 284o(a) of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 284q–1 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 284q–1. NIH opioid research
(a) In general
The Director of the National Institutes of Health (referred to in this section as the “NIH”) may intensify and coordinate fundamental, translational, and clinical research of the NIH with respect to—
(1) the understanding of pain;
(2) the discovery and development of therapies for chronic pain; and
(3) the development of alternatives to opioids for effective pain treatments.
(b) Priority and direction
The prioritization and direction of the Federally funded portfolio of pain research studies shall consider recommendations made by the Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee in concert with the Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force, and in accordance with the National Pain Strategy, the Federal Pain Research Strategy, and the NIH-Wide Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2016–2020, the latter of which calls for the relative burdens of individual diseases and medical disorders to be regarded as crucial considerations in balancing the priorities of the Federal research portfolio.
(Pub. L. 114–198, title I, § 108, July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 705.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.