dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
7 U.S.C. § 5943 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 5943. Rice research
(a) Regional and national research programs; rules; purposes
The Secretary of Agriculture may, under rules prescribed by such Secretary, carry out regional and national research programs with regard to rice for the following purposes:
(1) to reduce fertilizer and herbicide usage in excess of production needs;
(2) to develop varieties of rice more susceptible to complete fertilizer utilization;
(3) to improve the resistance of rice plants to disease and to enhance their conservation and environmental qualities;
(4) to increase the usage of rice and its processing byproducts;
(5) to develop better husbandry practices in production and conservation of rice;
(6) to develop more efficient rice storage practices;
(7) to improve domestic and international marketing of rice; and
(8) to benefit the general welfare.
(b) Utilization of services of Federal, State, local governmental and private agencies; priority consideration
The Secretary shall, in implementing the program authorized in subsection (a), utilize the technical and related services of appropriate Federal, State, local governmental, and private agencies, with priority consideration for land grant universities, State experiment stations, and other agricultural institutions of higher learning.
(c) Authorization of appropriations; use restriction
There is authorized to be appropriated not more than $1,000,000 for the period ending September 30, 1976, to carry out the provisions of this section. No funds authorized by this section shall be used for advertising or promotional activities.
(Pub. L. 94–214, title II, § 201, Feb. 16, 1976, 90 Stat. 187.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 428c of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
Section was enacted as part of the Rice Production Act of 1975, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.
7 U.S.C. § 6008 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6008. Petition and review
(a) Petition
(1) In general
A person subject to a plan issued under this chapter may file with the Secretary a petition—
(A) stating that the plan, any provision of the plan, or any obligation imposed in connection with the plan is not in accordance with law; and
(B) requesting a modification of the plan or an exemption from the plan.
(2) Hearings
The petitioner shall be given the opportunity for a hearing on the petition, on the record and in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary.
(3) Ruling
After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition, which shall be final if in accordance with law.
(b) Review
(1) Commencement of action
The district courts of the United States in any district in which a person who is a petitioner under subsection (a) resides or carries on business are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review the ruling on such person’s petition, if a complaint for that purpose is filed within 20 days after the date of the entry of a ruling by the Secretary under subsection (a).
(2) Process
Service of process in such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
(3) Remands
If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions either—
(A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law; or
(B) to take such further proceedings as, in the opinion of the court, the law requires.
(4) Enforcement
The pendency of proceedings instituted under subsection (a) shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the Secretary from taking any action under section 6009 of this title.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1913, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3850.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 6010 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6010. Investigations and power to subpoena
(a) In general
The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary determines necessary—
(1) for the effective administration of this chapter; or
(2) to determine whether a person has engaged or is engaging in any act or practice that constitutes a violation of any provision of this chapter, or of any plan, rule, or regulation issued under this chapter.
(b) Power to subpoena
(1) Investigations
For the purpose of an investigation made under subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations and to issue a subpoena to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.
(2) Administrative hearings
For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 6008 or 6009 of this title, the presiding officer is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.
(c) Aid of courts
In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued by the Secretary under subsection (b). The court may issue an order requiring such person to comply with such a subpoena.
(d) Contempt
Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.
(e) Process
Process in any such case may be served in the judicial district in which such person resides or conducts business or wherever such person may be found.
(f) Hearing site
The site of any hearings held under section 6008 or 6009 of this title shall be within the judicial district where such person resides or has a principal place of business.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1915, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3852; Pub. L. 102–237, title VIII, § 802(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1882.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1991—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out “section” after “6008 or”.
7 U.S.C. § 6101 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6101. Findings and declaration of policy
(a) Findings
Congress finds that—
(1) mushrooms are an important food that is a valuable part of the human diet;
(2) the production of mushrooms plays a significant role in the Nation’s economy in that mushrooms are produced by hundreds of mushroom producers, distributed through thousands of wholesale and retail outlets, and consumed by millions of people throughout the United States and foreign countries;
(3) mushroom production benefits the environment by efficiently using agricultural byproducts;
(4) mushrooms must be high quality, readily available, handled properly, and marketed efficiently to ensure that the benefits of this important product are available to the people of the United States;
(5) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets and uses, and the development of new markets and uses, for mushrooms are vital to the welfare of producers and those concerned with marketing and using mushrooms, as well as to the agricultural economy of the Nation;
(6) the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated program of mushroom promotion, research, and consumer information are necessary to maintain and expand existing markets for mushrooms; and
(7) mushrooms move in interstate and foreign commerce, and mushrooms that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce in mushrooms.
(b) Policy
It is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing through adequate assessments on mushrooms produced domestically or imported into the United States, and carrying out, an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of promotion, research, and consumer and industry information designed to—
(1) strengthen the mushroom industry’s position in the marketplace;
(2) maintain and expand existing markets and uses for mushrooms; and
(3) develop new markets and uses for mushrooms.
(c) Construction
Nothing in this chapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of individual producers to produce mushrooms.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1922, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3855.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Constitutionality
text: For information regarding constitutionality of subtitle B of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, which enacted this chapter (sections 6101 et seq.), see Congressional Research Service, The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Table of Laws Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1921, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3854, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle B (§§ 1921–1933) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990’.”
7 U.S.C. § 6106 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6106. Petition and review
(a) Petition
(1) In general
A person subject to an order issued under this chapter may file with the Secretary a petition—
(A) stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any obligation imposed in connection with the order, is not in accordance with law; and
(B) requesting a modification of the order or an exemption from the order.
(2) Hearings
The petitioner shall be given the opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary.
(3) Ruling
After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition, which shall be final if in accordance with law.
(b) Review
(1) Commencement of action
The district courts of the United States in any district in which a person who is a petitioner under subsection (a) resides or carries on business are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review the ruling on such person’s petition, if a complaint for that purpose is filed within 20 days after the date of the entry of such ruling of the Secretary under subsection (a).
(2) Process
Service of process in such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
(3) Remands
If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions either—
(A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law; or
(B) to take such further action as, in the opinion of the court, the law requires.
(4) Enforcement
The pendency of proceedings instituted under subsection (a) shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the Secretary from obtaining relief pursuant to section 6107 of this title.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1927, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3862.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 6108 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6108. Investigations and power to subpoena
(a) Investigations
The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration of this chapter or to determine whether any person subject to this chapter has engaged or is engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this chapter or of any order, rule, or regulation issued under this chapter.
(b) Subpoenas, oaths, and affirmations
(1) In general
For the purpose of an investigation made under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations and issue a subpoena to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.
(2) Administrative hearings
For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 6106 or 6107 of this title, the presiding officer is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.
(c) Aid of courts
In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued by the Secretary under subsection (b). The court may issue an order requiring such person to comply with such a subpoena.
(d) Contempt
Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.
(e) Process
Process in any such case may be served in the judicial district in which such person resides or conducts business or wherever such person may be found.
(f) Hearing site
The site of any hearings held under section 6106 or 6107 of this title shall be within the judicial district where such person resides or has a principal place of business.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1929, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3864; Pub. L. 102–237, title VIII, § 803(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1882.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1991—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out “section” after “6106 or”.
7 U.S.C. § 6202 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6202. Definitions
As used in this chapter:
(1) Board
The term “Board” means the Lime Board provided for under section 6204(b) of this title.
(2) Consumer information
The term “consumer information” means any action taken to provide information to, and broaden the understanding of, the general public regarding the use, nutritional attributes, and care of limes.
(3) Handle
The term “handle” means to sell, purchase, or package limes.
(4) Handler
The term “handler” means any person in the business of handling limes.
(5) Importer
The term “importer” means any person who imports limes into the United States.
(6) Lime
The term “lime” means the fruit of a citrus latifolia tree for the fresh market.
(7) Marketing
The term “marketing” means the sale or other disposition of limes in commerce.
(8) Order
The term “order” means a lime research, promotion, and consumer information order issued by the Secretary under section 6203(a) of this title.
(9) Person
The term “person” means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or other legal entity.
(10) Producer
The term “producer” means any person who produces limes in the United States for sale in commerce.
(11) Producer-handler
The term “producer-handler” means any person who is both a producer and handler of limes.
(12) Promotion
The term “promotion” means any action taken under this chapter (including paid advertising) to present a favorable image for limes to the general public with the express intent of improving the competitive position and stimulating the sale of limes.
(13) Research
The term “research” means any type of research relating to the use and nutritional value of limes and designed to advance the image, desirability, marketability, or quality of limes.
(14) Secretary
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(15) State and United States
The term—
(A) “State” means each of the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and
(B) “United States” means the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1953, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3871; Pub. L. 103–194, § 3, Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2295.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1993—Par. (6). Pub. L. 103–194 substituted “citrus latifolia” for “citrus aurantifolia”.
7 U.S.C. § 6206 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6206. Petition and review
(a) Petition
(1) In general
A person subject to an order may file with the Secretary a petition—
(A) stating that such order, a provision of such order, or an obligation imposed in connection with such order is not in accordance with law; and
(B) requesting a modification of the order or an exemption from the order.
(2) Hearings
A person submitting a petition under paragraph (1) shall be given an opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary.
(3) Ruling
After the hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition which shall be final if in accordance with law.
(b) Review
(1) Commencement of action
The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person who is a petitioner under subsection (a) resides or carries on business are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review the ruling on such person’s petition, if a complaint for that purpose is filed within 20 days after the date of the entry of a ruling by the Secretary under subsection (a).
(2) Process
Service of process in such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
(3) Remands
If the court determines that the ruling is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions either—
(A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law; or
(B) to take such further action as, in the opinion of the court, the law requires.
(4) Enforcement
The pendency of proceedings instituted pursuant to subsection (a) shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the Secretary from obtaining relief pursuant to section 6207 of this title.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1957, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3876.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 6208 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6208. Investigations and power to subpoena
(a) In general
The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary—
(1) for the effective carrying out of the responsibilities of the Secretary under this chapter; or
(2) to determine whether a person subject to the provisions of this chapter has engaged or is engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of any provision of this chapter, or any order, rule, or regulation issued under this chapter.
(b) Power to subpoena
(1) Investigations
For the purpose of an investigation made under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations and may issue a subpoena to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.
(2) Administrative hearings
For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 6206 or 6207 of this title, the presiding officer is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.
(c) Aid of courts
In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued by the Secretary under subsection (b). The court may issue an order requiring such person to comply with such a subpoena.
(d) Contempt
Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.
(e) Process
Process in any such case may be served in the judicial district of which such person resides or conducts business or wherever such person may be found.
(f) Hearing site
The site of any hearings held under section 6206 or 6207 of this title shall be within the judicial district where such person is an inhabitant or has a principal place of business.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1959, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3878; Pub. L. 102–237, title VIII, § 805(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1882.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1991—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out “section” after “6206 or”.
7 U.S.C. § 6301 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 6301. Findings and declaration of policy
(a) Findings
Congress finds that—
(1) soybeans are an important source of nutritious foods that are a valuable part of the human diet and are an important feedstuff for the livestock industry;
(2) the production of soybeans plays a significant role in the economy of the United States in that soybeans are produced by thousands of soybean producers, processed by numerous processing entities, and soybeans and soybean products produced in the United States are consumed by people and livestock throughout the United States and foreign countries;
(3) soybeans and soybean products should be readily available and marketed efficiently to ensure that consumers have an adequate supply of soybean products at a reasonable price;
(4) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets and development of new markets for soybeans and soybean products are vital to the welfare of soybean producers and processors and those concerned with marketing soybeans and soybean products, as well as to the general economy of the United States, and are necessary to ensure the ready availability and efficient marketing of soybeans and soybean products;
(5) there exist established State and national organizations conducting soybean promotion, research, and consumer education programs that are valuable to the efforts of promoting the consumption of soybeans and soybean products;
(6) the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated national program of soybean promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information are necessary to maintain and expand existing markets and develop new markets for soybeans and soybean products; and
(7) soybeans and soybean products move in interstate and foreign commerce, and soybeans and soybean products that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce in soybeans and soybean products.
(b) Policy
Congress declares that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing through assessments on domestically-produced soybeans, and implementing a program of promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information designed to strengthen the soybean industry’s position in the marketplace, to maintain and expand existing domestic and foreign markets and uses for soybeans and soybean products, and to develop new markets and uses for soybeans and soybean products.
(c) Construction
Nothing in this chapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of individual producers to produce soybeans.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1966, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3881.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, § 1965, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3881, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle E (§§ 1965–1976) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Soybean Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act’.”