dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 18312 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18312. Goals and objectives
(a) Long-term goals
The long-term goals of the human space flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be—
(1) to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving international, academic, and industry partners;
(2) crewed missions and progress toward achieving the goal in paragraph (1) to enable the potential for subsequent human exploration and the extension of human presence throughout the solar system; and
(3) to enable a capability to extend human presence, including potential human habitation on another celestial body and a thriving space economy in the 21st Century.1
(b) Key objectives
The key objectives of the United States for human expansion into space shall be—
(1) to sustain the capability for long-duration presence in low-Earth orbit, initially through continuation of the ISS and full utilization of the United States segment of the ISS as a National Laboratory, and through assisting and enabling an expanded commercial presence in, and access to, low-Earth orbit, as elements of a low-Earth orbit infrastructure;
(2) to determine if humans can live in an extended manner in space with decreasing reliance on Earth, starting with utilization of low-Earth orbit infrastructure, to identify potential roles that space resources such as energy and materials may play, to meet national and global needs and challenges, such as potential cataclysmic threats, and to explore the viability of and lay the foundation for sustainable economic activities in space;
(3) to maximize the role that human exploration of space can play in advancing overall knowledge of the universe, supporting United States national and economic security and the United States global competitive posture, and inspiring young people in their educational pursuits;
(4) to build upon the cooperative and mutually beneficial framework established by the ISS partnership agreements and experience in developing and undertaking programs and meeting objectives designed to realize the goal of human space flight set forth in subsection (a); and
(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars and beyond through the prioritization of those technologies and capabilities best suited for such a mission in accordance with the stepping stone approach to exploration under section 70504 of title 51.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title II, § 202, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2812; Pub. L. 115–10, title IV, §§ 411, 412, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 33.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–10, § 411, amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The long term goal of the human space flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving international partners.”
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 115–10, § 412, added par. (5).
42 U.S.C. § 18326 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18326. Development of technologies and in-space capabilities for beyond near-Earth space missions
(a) Development authorized
The Administrator may initiate activities to develop the following:
(1) Technologies identified as necessary elements of missions beyond low-Earth orbit.
(2) In-space capabilities such as refueling and storage technology, orbital transfer stages, innovative in-space propulsion technology, communications, and data management that facilitate a broad range of users (including military and commercial) and applications defining the architecture and design of such missions.
(3) Spacesuit development and associated life support technology.
(4) Flagship missions.
(b) Investments
In developing technologies and capabilities under subsection (a), the Administrator may make investments—
(1) in space technologies such as advanced propulsion, propellant depots, in situ resource utilization, and robotic payloads or capabilities that enable human missions beyond low-Earth orbit ultimately leading to Mars;
(2) in a space-based transfer vehicle including these technologies with an ability to conduct space-based operations that provide capabilities—
(A) to integrate with the Space Launch System and other space-based systems;
(B) to provide opportunities for in-space servicing of and delivery to multiple space-based platforms; and
(C) to facilitate international efforts to expand human presence to deep space destinations;
(3) in advanced life support technologies and capabilities;
(4) in technologies and capabilities relating to in-space power, propulsion, and energy systems;
(5) in technologies and capabilities relating to in-space propellant transfer and storage;
(6) in technologies and capabilities relating to in situ resource utilization; and
(7) in expanded research to understand the greatest biological impediments to human deep space missions, especially the radiation challenge.
(c) Utilization of ISS as testbed
The Administrator may utilize the ISS as a testbed for any technology or capability developed under subsection (a) in a manner consistent with the provisions of this chapter.
(d) Coordination
The Administrator shall coordinate development of technologies and capabilities under this section through an overall agency technology approach, as authorized by section 905 of this Act.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title III, § 308, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2818.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 905 of this Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 905, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2836, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 18341 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18341. Commercial Cargo Development program
The Administrator shall continue to support the existing Commercial Resupply Services program, aimed at enabling the commercial space industry in support of NASA to develop reliable means of launching cargo and supplies to the ISS throughout the duration of the facility’s operation. The Administrator may apply funds towards the reduction of risk to the timely start of these services, specifically—
(1) efforts to conduct a flight test;
(2) accelerate development; and
(3) develop the ground infrastructure needed for commercial cargo capability.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title IV, § 401, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2820; Pub. L. 115–10, title III, § 302(f), Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 26.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Pub. L. 115–10 substituted “Commercial Resupply Services” for “Commercial Orbital Transportation Services” in introductory provisions.
42 U.S.C. § 18351 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18351. Continuation of the International Space Station
(a) Policy of the United States
It shall be the policy of the United States, in consultation with its international partners in the ISS program, to support full and complete utilization of the ISS through at least 2024.
(b) NASA action
In furtherance of the policy set forth in subsection (a), NASA shall—
(1) pursue international, commercial, and intragovernmental means to maximize ISS logistics supply, maintenance, and operational capabilities, reduce risks to ISS systems sustainability, and offset and minimize United States operations costs relating to the ISS;
(2) utilize, to the extent practicable, the ISS for the development of capabilities and technologies needed for the future of human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and
(3) utilize, if practical and cost effective, the ISS for Science Mission Directorate missions in low-Earth orbit.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title V, § 501, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2822; Pub. L. 114–90, title I, § 114(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 715; Pub. L. 115–10, title III, § 301(c), Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 23.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Pub. L. 115–10 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:
“(a) Policy of the United States.—It shall be the policy of the United States, in consultation with its international partners in the ISS program, to support full and complete utilization of the ISS through at least 2024.
“(b) NASA Actions.—In furtherance of the policy set forth in subsection (a), NASA shall pursue international, commercial, and intragovernmental means to maximize ISS logistics supply, maintenance, and operational capabilities, reduce risks to ISS systems sustainability, and offset and minimize United States operations costs relating to the ISS.”
2015—Pub. L. 114–90, § 114(b)(1)(A), struck out “through 2020” after “Station” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–90, § 114(b)(1)(B), substituted “through at least 2024” for “through at least 2020”.
42 U.S.C. § 18362 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18362. Retirement of Space Shuttle orbiters and transition of Space Shuttle program
(a) In general
The Administrator shall retire the Space Shuttle orbiters pursuant to a schedule established by the Administrator and in a manner consistent with provisions of this chapter regarding potential requirements for contingency utilization of Space Shuttle orbiters for ISS requirements.
(b) Utilization of workforce and assets in follow-on Space Launch System
(1) Utilization of vehicle assets
In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent practicable, utilize workforce, assets, and infrastructure of the Space Shuttle program in efforts relating to the initiation of a follow-on Space Launch System developed pursuant to section 18322 of this title.
(2) Other assets
With respect to the workforce, assets, and infrastructure not utilized as described in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall work closely with other departments and agencies of the Federal Government, and the private sector, to divest unneeded assets and to assist displaced workers with retraining and other placement efforts. Amounts authorized to be appropriated by section 101(2)(B) 1 shall be available for activities pursuant to this paragraph.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VI, § 602, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2828.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 101(2)(B), referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 111–267, title I, § 101(2)(B), Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2809, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 18363 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18363. Disposition of orbiter vehicles
(a) In general
Upon the termination of the Space Shuttle program as provided in section 18362 of this title, the Administrator shall decommission any remaining Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles according to established safety and historic preservation procedures prior to their designation as surplus government property. The orbiter vehicles shall be made available and located for display and maintenance through a competitive procedure established pursuant to the disposition plan developed under section 613(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 17761(a)),1 with priority consideration given to eligible applicants meeting all conditions of that plan which would provide for the display and maintenance of orbiters at locations with the best potential value to the public, including where the location of the orbiters can advance educational opportunities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, and with an historical relationship with either the launch, flight operations, or processing of the Space Shuttle orbiters or the retrieval of NASA manned space vehicles, or significant contributions to human space flight. The Smithsonian Institution, which, as of October 11, 2001, houses the Space Shuttle Enterprise, shall determine any new location for the Enterprise.
(b) Display and maintenance
The orbiter vehicles made available under subsection (a) shall be displayed and maintained through agreements and procedures established pursuant to section 613(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 17761(a)).1
(c) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. The amounts authorized to be appropriated by this subsection shall be in addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated by title I, and may be requested by the President as supplemental requirements, if needed, in the appropriate fiscal years.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VI, § 603, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2829.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 613(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is section 613(a) of Pub. L. 110–422, formerly classified to section 17761(a) of this title, which was transferred and is set out as a note under section 70501 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
Title I, referred to in subsec. (c), is title I of Pub. L. 111–267, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2809, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 18381 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18381. Technology development
The Administrator shall ensure that the Science Mission Directorate maintains a long term technology development program for space and Earth science. This effort should be coordinated with an overall Agency technology investment approach, as authorized in section 905 of this Act.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 801, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2832.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 905 of this Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 905, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2836, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 18387 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18387. Near-Earth object survey and policy with respect to threats posed
(a) Policy reaffirmation
Congress reaffirms the policy set forth in section 20102(g) of title 51 relating to surveying near-Earth asteroids and comets.
(b) Implementation
The Director of the OSTP shall implement, before September 30, 2012, a policy for notifying Federal agencies and relevant emergency response institutions of an impending near-Earth object threat if near-term public safety is at risk, and assign a Federal agency or agencies to be responsible for protecting the United States and working with the international community on such threats.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 808, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2834.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: In subsec. (a), “section 20102(g) of title 51” substituted for “section 102(g) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2451(g))” on authority of Pub. L. 111–314, § 5(e), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443, which Act enacted Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
42 U.S.C. § 18431 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18431. Workforce stabilization and critical skills preservation
Prior to receipt by the Congress of the study, recommendations, and implementation strategy developed pursuant to section 1103,1 none of the funds authorized for use under this Act may be used to transfer the functions, missions, or activities, and associated civil service and contractor positions, from any NASA facility without authorization by the Congress to implement the proposed strategy. The Administrator shall preserve the critical skills and competencies in place at NASA centers prior to October 11, 2010, in order to facilitate timely implementation of the requirements of this chapter and to minimize disruption to the workforce. The Administrator may not implement any reduction-in-force or other involuntary separations of permanent, non-Senior-Executive-Service, civil servant employees before September 30, 2013, except for cause on charges of misconduct, delinquency, or inefficiency.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title XI, § 1105, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2840.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1103, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 111–267, title XI, § 1103, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2840, which is not classified to the Code.
This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 111–267, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2805, known as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010, which enacted this chapter (§ 18301 et seq.) and various other provisions, including provisions authorizing appropriations, which were not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 18301 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 18442 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18442. Reports on program and cost assessment and control assessment
(a) Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The adherence of NASA to program cost and schedule targets and discipline across NASA programs remains a concern.
(2) The James Webb Space Telescope has exceeded its cost estimate.
(3) In 2007 the Government Accountability Office issued a report on NASA’s high risk acquisition performance.
(4) In response, NASA prepared a corrective action plan two years ago.
(b) Reports
(1) Reports required
Not later than 90 days after October 11, 2010, and not later than April 30 of each year thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the implementation during the preceding year for the corrective action plan referred to in subsection (a)(4).
(2) Elements
Each report under this subsection shall set forth, for the year covered by such report, the following:
(A) A description of each NASA program that has exceeded its cost baseline by 15 percent or more or is more than 2 years behind its projected development schedule.
(B) For each program specified under subparagraph (A), a plan for such decrease in scope or requirements, or other measures, to be undertaken to control cost and schedule, including any cost monitoring or corrective actions undertaken pursuant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155),1 and the amendments made by that Act.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title XII, § 1203, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2841.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 109–155, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2895, which was classified principally to chapter 150 (§ 16601 et seq.) of this title and was substantially repealed and restated in chapters 305 (§ 30501 et seq.), 401 (§ 40101 et seq.), 603 (§ 60301 et seq.) and 707 (§ 70701 et seq.) and sections 20301, 20302, 30103(a), (b), 30104, 30306, 30703, 30704, 30902, 31301, 31501, 40701, 40904 to 40909, 50505, 50116, 60505, 70501 to 70503, and 70902 to 70905 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, by Pub. L. 111–314, §§ 3, 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328, 3444. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2005 Act note set out under section 10101 of Title 51 and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 18443 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18443. Eligibility for service of individual currently serving as Administrator of NASA
The individual serving in the position of Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as of October 11, 2010, comes from civilian life and is therefore eligible to serve in such position, in conformance with section 20111 of title 51.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title XII, § 1204, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2842.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: In text, “section 20111 of title 51” substituted for “section 202 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2472(a))” on authority of Pub. L. 111–314, § 5(e), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443, which Act enacted Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
42 U.S.C. § 18445 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18445. Information security
(a) Monitoring risk
(1) Update on system implementation
Not later than 120 days after October 11, 2010, and on a biennial basis thereafter, the chief information officer of NASA, in coordination with other national security agencies, shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress—
(A) an update on efforts to implement a system to provide dynamic, comprehensive, real-time information regarding risk of unauthorized remote, proximity, and insider use or access, for all information infrastructure under the responsibility of the chief information officer, and mission-related networks, including contractor networks;
(B) an assessment of whether the system has demonstrably and quantifiably reduced network risk compared to alternative methods of measuring security; and
(C) an assessment of the progress that each center and facility has made toward implementing the system.
(2) Existing assessments
The assessments required of the Inspector General under section 3545 1 of title 44 shall evaluate the effectiveness of the system described in this subsection.
(b) Information security awareness and education
(1) In general
In consultation with the Department of Education, other national security agencies, and other agency directorates, the chief information officer shall institute an information security awareness and education program for all operators and users of NASA information infrastructure, with the goal of reducing unauthorized remote, proximity, and insider use or access.
(2) Program requirements
(A) The program shall include, at a minimum, ongoing classified and unclassified threat-based briefings, and automated exercises and examinations that simulate common attack techniques.
(B) All agency employees and contractors engaged in the operation or use of agency information infrastructure shall participate in the program.
(C) Access to NASA information infrastructure shall only be granted to operators and users who regularly satisfy the requirements of the program.
(D) The chief human capital officer of NASA, in consultation with the chief information officer, shall create a system to reward operators and users of agency information infrastructure for continuous high achievement in the program.
(c) Information infrastructure defined
In this section, the term “information infrastructure” means the underlying framework that information systems and assets rely on to process, transmit, receive, or store information electronically, including programmable electronic devices and communications networks and any associated hardware, software, or data.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title XII, § 1207, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2844.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 3545 of title 44, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 113–283, § 2(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3073. Provisions similar to section 3545 of title 44 are now contained in section 3555 of title 44, as enacted by Pub. L. 113–283.