dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
15 U.S.C. § 3710b (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3710b. Rewards for scientific, engineering, and technical personnel of Federal agencies
The head of each Federal agency that is making expenditures at a rate of more than $50,000,000 per fiscal year for research and development in its Government-operated laboratories shall use the appropriate statutory authority to develop and implement a cash awards program to reward its scientific, engineering, and technical personnel for—
(1) inventions, innovations, computer software, or other outstanding scientific or technological contributions of value to the United States due to commercial application or due to contributions to missions of the Federal agency or the Federal government,1 or
(2) exemplary activities that promote the domestic transfer of science and technology development within the Federal Government and result in utilization of such science and technology by American industry or business, universities, State or local governments, or other non-Federal parties.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 13, as added and renumbered § 12, Pub. L. 99–502, §§ 6, 9(e)(1), Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1792, 1797; renumbered § 13, Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5122(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1438; amended Pub. L. 100–519, title III, § 302, Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2597.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–519 inserted “computer software,” after “inventions, innovations,”.
15 U.S.C. § 3710d (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3710d. Employee activities
(a) In general
If a Federal agency which has ownership of or the right of ownership to an invention made by a Federal employee does not intend to file for a patent application or otherwise to promote commercialization of such invention, the agency shall allow the inventor, if the inventor is a Government employee or former employee who made the invention during the course of employment with the Government, to obtain or retain title to the invention (subject to reservation by the Government of a nonexclusive, nontransferrable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice the invention or have the invention practiced throughout the world by or on behalf of the Government). In addition, the agency may condition the inventor’s right to title on the timely filing of a patent application in cases when the Government determines that it has or may have a need to practice the invention.
(b) “Special Government employees” defined
For purposes of this section, Federal employees include “special Government employees” as defined in section 202 of title 18.
(c) Relationship to other laws
Nothing in this section is intended to limit or diminish existing authorities of any agency.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 15, as added and renumbered § 14, Pub. L. 99–502, §§ 8, 9(e)(1), Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1794, 1797; renumbered § 15, Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5122(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1438; amended Pub. L. 104–113, § 6, Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 779.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–113 substituted “ownership of or the right of ownership to an invention made by a Federal employee” for “the right of ownership to an invention under this chapter” and inserted “obtain or” before “retain title to the invention”.
15 U.S.C. § 3711 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3711. National Technology and Innovation Medal
(a) Establishment
There is hereby established a National Technology and Innovation Medal, which shall be of such design and materials and bear such inscriptions as the President, on the basis of recommendations submitted by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, may prescribe.
(b) Award
The President shall periodically award the medal, on the basis of recommendations received from the Secretary or on the basis of such other information and evidence as he deems appropriate, to individuals or companies, which in his judgment are deserving of special recognition by reason of their outstanding contributions to the promotion of technology or technological manpower for the improvement of the economic, environmental, or social well-being of the United States.
(c) Presentation
The presentation of the award shall be made by the President with such ceremonies as he may deem proper.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 16, formerly § 12, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2319; renumbered § 16, Pub. L. 99–502, § 2, Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1785; renumbered § 15, Pub. L. 99–502, § 9(e)(1), Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1797; renumbered § 16, Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5122(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1438; Pub. L. 110–69, title I, § 1003, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 576.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2007—Pub. L. 110–69, § 1003(1), which directed substitution of “National Technology and Innovation Medal” for “National Medal” in section catchline, was executed by making the substitution for “National Technology Medal” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–69, § 1003(2), substituted “Technology and Innovation Medal” for “Technology Medal”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: National Technology Medal for Environmental Technology
text: Pub. L. 105–309, § 10, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2939, provided that: “In the administration of section 16 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3711), Environmental Technology shall be established as a separate nomination category with appropriate unique criteria for that category.”
15 U.S.C. § 3711b (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3711b. Conference on advanced automotive technologies
Not later than 180 days after December 18, 1991, the Secretary of Commerce, through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology, in consultation with other appropriate officials, shall convene a conference of domestic motor vehicle manufacturers, parts suppliers, Federal laboratories, and motor vehicle users to explore ways in which cooperatively they can improve the competitiveness of the United States motor vehicle industry by developing new technologies which will enhance the safety and energy savings, and lessen the environmental impact of domestic motor vehicles, and the results of such conference shall be published and then submitted to the President and to the Committees on Science, Space, and Technology and Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 18, as added Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, § 6019, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2183.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2.
15 U.S.C. § 3712 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3712. Personnel exchanges
The Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation, jointly, shall establish a program to foster the exchange of scientific and technical personnel among academia, industry, and Federal laboratories. Such program shall include both (1) federally supported exchanges and (2) efforts to stimulate exchanges without Federal funding.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 20, formerly § 13, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2320; renumbered § 17, Pub. L. 99–502, § 2, Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1785; renumbered § 16, Pub. L. 99–502, § 9(e)(1), Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1797; renumbered § 17, Pub. L. 100–107, § 3(a), Aug. 20, 1987, 101 Stat. 725; renumbered § 18, Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5122(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1438; renumbered § 20, Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, § 6019, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2183; Pub. L. 109–58, title X, § 1009(c), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 936.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2005—Pub. L. 109–58 substituted “, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation” for “and the National Science Foundation”.
15 U.S.C. § 3714 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3714. Spending authority
No payments shall be made or contracts shall be entered into pursuant to the provisions of this chapter (other than sections 3710a, 3710b, and 3710c of this title) except to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 22, formerly § 15, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2320; renumbered § 19, Pub. L. 99–502, § 2, Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1785; renumbered § 18, and amended Pub. L. 99–502, § 9(b)(13), (e)(1), (4), Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1796, 1797; renumbered § 19, Pub. L. 100–107, § 3(a), Aug. 20, 1987, 101 Stat. 725; renumbered § 20, Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5122(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1438; renumbered § 22, Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, § 6019, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2183; Pub. L. 106–404, § 7(8), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1746.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2000—Pub. L. 106–404 made technical amendments to references in original act which appear in text as references to sections 3710a, 3710b, and 3710c of this title.
1986—Pub. L. 99–502, § 9(e)(4), made technical amendment to references to sections 3710a, 3710b, and 3710c of this title to reflect renumbering of corresponding sections of original act.
Pub. L. 99–502, § 9(b)(13), inserted exception relating to sections 3710a, 3710b, and 3710c of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 3716 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3716. Critical industries
(a) Identification of industries and development of plan
The Secretary shall—
(1) identify those civilian industries in the United States that are necessary to support a robust manufacturing infrastructure and critical to the economic security of the United States; and
(2) list the major research and development initiatives being undertaken, and the substantial investments being made, by the Federal Government, including its research laboratories, in each of the critical industries identified under paragraph (1).
(b) Initial report
The Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress within 1 year after February 14, 1992, on the actions taken under subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 102–245, title V, § 504, Feb. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 24.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Subsec. (c) of this section, which required the Secretary to annually submit to Congress an update of the report submitted under subsec. (b) of this section, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 52 of House Document No. 103–7.
Section was enacted as part of the American Technology Preeminence Act of 1991, and not as part of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.
15 U.S.C. § 3801 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3801. Congressional statement of findings and declaration of policy
(a) The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) gasoline and diesel fuel for vehicular use are in short supply and constitute a sizable portion of domestic petroleum consumption;
(2) methane use in fleet-operated vehicles would result in substantial reduction in oil imports;
(3) methane is in more abundant domestic supply than petroleum products, is the primary component of natural gas and can be derived in increased quantities from coal, biomass, waste products, and other renewable resources;
(4) recoverable methane presently available in the United States is not fully utilized;
(5) test results to date indicate that methane use as a substitute for gasoline as a motor fuel can result in emission reductions;
(6) experience to date has shown methane to be a safe motor fuel in properly modified vehicles and is therefore particularly suitable as fuel for fleet vehicles; and
(7) the introduction into commerce of methane-fueled vehicles would be expedited and facilitated by the establishment of a Federal program of research, development, and demonstration to explore and refine technologies related to methane use as a vehicular fuel.
(b) It is therefore declared to be the policy of the Congress in this chapter to—
(1) provide for and support advanced and accelerated research into, and development of, methane vehicle design, and related technologies;
(2) demonstrate the economic and technological practicalities of methane-fueled vehicles for fleet use and of methane-fueled farm equipment;
(3) facilitate, and remove barriers to, the use of methane-fueled vehicles in lieu of gasoline- or diesel-powered motor vehicles where practicable;
(4) promote the substitution of methane-fueled vehicles for gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles currently used on farms and in fleet operations, particularly in areas where such substitution would facilitate plans to meet air quality standards set under the Clean Air Act, as amended [42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.]; and
(5) supplement, but neither supplant nor duplicate, the automotive propulsion system research and development efforts of private industry.
(Pub. L. 96–512, § 2, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2827.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Clean Air Act, as amended, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§ 7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 96–512, § 1, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2827, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1980’.”
15 U.S.C. § 3904 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3904. Securities laws
(a) Ownership interest of members in risk retention groups
The ownership interests of members in a risk retention group shall be—
(1) considered to be exempted securities for purposes of section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933 [15 U.S.C. 77e] and for purposes of section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 U.S.C. 78l]; and
(2) considered to be securities for purposes of the provisions of section 17 of the Securities Act of 1933 [15 U.S.C. 77q] and the provisions of section 10 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 U.S.C. 78j].
(b) Investment companies
A risk retention group shall not be considered to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a–1 et seq.).
(c) State blue sky laws
The ownership interests of members in a risk retention group shall not be considered securities for purposes of any State blue sky law.
(Pub. L. 97–45, § 5, Sept. 25, 1981, 95 Stat. 952.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Investment Company Act of 1940, referred to in subsec. (b), is title I of act Aug. 22, 1940, ch. 686, 54 Stat. 789, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 80a–1 et seq.) of chapter 2D of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 80a–51 of this title and Tables.
15 U.S.C. § 4002 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4002. Definitions
(a) For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “export trade” means trade or commerce in goods or services produced in the United States which are exported, or in the course of being exported, from the United States to any other country;
(2) the term “services” includes, but is not limited to, accounting, amusement, architectural, automatic data processing, business, communications, construction franchising and licensing, consulting, engineering, financial, insurance, legal, management, repair, tourism, training, and transportation services;
(3) the term “export trade services” includes, but is not limited to, consulting, international market research, advertising, marketing, insurance, product research and design, legal assistance, transportation, including trade documentation and freight forwarding, communication and processing of foreign orders to and for exporters and foreign purchasers, warehousing, foreign exchange, financing, and taking title to goods, when provided in order to facilitate the export of goods or services produced in the United States;
(4) the term “export trading company” means a person, partnership, association, or similar organization, whether operated for profit or as a nonprofit organization, which does business under the laws of the United States or any State and which is organized and operated principally for purposes of—
(A) exporting goods or services produced in the United States; or
(B) facilitating the exportation of goods or services produced in the United States by unaffiliated persons by providing one or more export trade services;
(5) the term “State” means any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands;
(6) the term “United States” means the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and
(7) the term “antitrust laws” means the antitrust laws as defined in section 12(a) of this title, section 45 of this title to the extent that section 45 of this title applies to unfair methods of competition, and any State antitrust or unfair competition law.
(b) The Secretary of Commerce may by regulation further define any term defined in subsection (a), in order to carry out this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 97–290, title I, § 103, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1234.)
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
text: For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
15 U.S.C. § 4003 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4003. Office of Export Trade in Department of Commerce
The Secretary of Commerce shall establish within the Department of Commerce an office to promote and encourage to the greatest extent feasible the formation of export trade associations and export trading companies. Such office shall provide information and advice to interested persons and shall provide a referral service to facilitate contact between producers of exportable goods and services and firms offering export trade services. The office shall establish a program to encourage and assist the operation of other export intermediaries, including existing and newly formed export management companies.
(Pub. L. 97–290, title I, § 104, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1235; Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2310, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1346.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Pub. L. 100–418 inserted requirement that the office establish a program to encourage and assist operation of other export intermediaries, including existing and newly formed export management companies.
15 U.S.C. § 4011 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4011. Export trade promotion duties of Secretary of Commerce
To promote and encourage export trade, the Secretary may issue certificates of review and advise and assist any person with respect to applying for certificates of review.
(Pub. L. 97–290, title III, § 301, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1240.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 97–290, title III, § 312, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1245, provided that:
“(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this title [enacting this subchapter] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 1982].
“(b) Section 302 and section 303 [enacting sections 4012 and 4013 of this title] shall take effect 90 days after the effective date of the rules and regulations first promulgated under section 310 [enacting section 4020 of this title].”
heading: Report on Export Trading Companies
text: Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2311, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1346, directed Secretary of Commerce to submit a report, not later than 18 months after Aug. 23, 1988, to Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of Senate, and to Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Committee on the Judiciary of House of Representatives, on activities of Department of Commerce to promote and encourage formation of new and operation of existing and new export promotion intermediaries, including export management companies, export trade associations, bank export trading companies, and export trading companies, with report to include a survey of activities of export management companies, export trade associations, and those bank export trading companies and export trading companies established pursuant to amendments made by title II of the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 and pursuant to title III of that Act, but not to contain any information subject to the protections from disclosure provided in that Act.
heading: Federal Coal Export Commission
text: Pub. L. 99–83, title XIII, § 1304, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 282, provided for establishment, membership, etc., of Federal Coal Export Commission, required Commission to convene at least four times a year for consultation on activities leading to increased cooperation among entities involved in United States coal exports, with goal of expanding the United States share of international market, specified activities of Commission, including examination of potential for small- and medium-sized companies to enter export coal trade through exporting trading companies, directed Commission to report its finding and recommendations to President and Congress within two years after its first meeting, and terminated Commission upon submission of its report.
15 U.S.C. § 4012 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4012. Application for issuance of certificate of review
(a) Written form; limitation to export trade; compliance with regulations
To apply for a certificate of review, a person shall submit to the Secretary a written application which—
(1) specifies conduct limited to export trade, and
(2) is in a form and contains any information, including information pertaining to the overall market in which the applicant operates, required by rule or regulation promulgated under section 4020 of this title.
(b) Publication of notice of application; transmittal to Attorney General
(1) Within ten days after an application submitted under subsection (a) is received by the Secretary, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice that announces that an application for a certificate of review has been submitted, identifies each person submitting the application, and describes the conduct for which the application is submitted.
(2) Not later than seven days after an application submitted under subsection (a) is received by the Secretary, the Secretary shall transmit to the Attorney General—
(A) a copy of the application,
(B) any information submitted to the Secretary in connection with the application, and
(C) any other relevant information (as determined by the Secretary) in the possession of the Secretary, including information regarding the market share of the applicant in the line of commerce to which the conduct specified in the application relates.
(Pub. L. 97–290, title III, § 302, Oct. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 1240.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 90 days after effective date of rules and regulations first promulgated under section 4020 of this title, see section 312(b) of Pub. L. 97–290 set out as a note under section 4011 of this title.