10 U.S.C. § 1091 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 1091. Personal services contracts
(a) Authority.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense, with respect to medical treatment facilities of the Department of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to medical treatment facilities of the Coast Guard when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy, may enter into personal services contracts to carry out health care responsibilities in such facilities, as determined to be necessary by the Secretary. The authority provided in this subsection is in addition to any other contract authorities of the Secretary, including authorities relating to the management of such facilities and the administration of this chapter.
(2) The Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, may also enter into personal services contracts to carry out other health care responsibilities of the Secretary (such as the provision of medical screening examinations at Military Entrance Processing Stations) at locations outside medical treatment facilities, as determined necessary pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(b) Limitation on Amount of Compensation.—
In no case may the total amount of compensation paid to an individual in any year under a personal services contract entered into under subsection (a) exceed the amount of annual compensation (excluding the allowances for expenses) specified in section 102 of title 3.
(c) Procedures.—
(1) The Secretary shall establish by regulation procedures for entering into personal services contracts with individuals under subsection (a). At a minimum, such procedures shall assure—
(A) the provision of adequate notice of contract opportunities to individuals residing in the area of the medical treatment facility involved; and
(B) consideration of interested individuals solely on the basis of the qualifications established for the contract and the proposed contract price.
(2) Upon the establishment of the procedures under paragraph (1), the Secretary may exempt contracts covered by this section from the competitive contracting requirements specified in section 2304 1 of this title or any other similar requirements of law.
(3) The procedures established under paragraph (1) may provide for a contracting officer to authorize a contractor to enter into a subcontract for personal services on behalf of the agency upon a determination that the subcontract is—
(A) consistent with the requirements of this section and the procedures established under paragraph (1); and
(B) in the best interests of the agency.
(d) Exceptions.—
The procedures and exemptions provided under subsection (c) shall not apply to personal services contracts entered into under subsection (a) with entities other than individuals or to any contract that is not an authorized personal services contract under subsection (a).
(Added Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, § 932(a)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 649; amended Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title VII, § 714, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VII, § 712(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VII, § 733(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VII, § 736(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VII, § 733(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2072; Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title VII, § 705], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–175; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, § 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title VII, § 707, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2585; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VII, § 721, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1531; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VII, § 713(b), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1803; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4294.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2304 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§ 1801(d), 1881(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4151, 4293, effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law. Subsecs. (a) to (l) of section 2304 were transferred to various provisions in chapter 221 of this title, with the same effective date and conditions, by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1811(c)(2)–(5), (d)(2)–(9), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4165–4170.
heading: Amendments
text: 2021—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, which directed that each reference in the text of title 10 to a section that was redesignated by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283, as such section was in effect before the redesignation, be amended by striking such reference and inserting a reference to the appropriate redesignated section, was not executed with respect to “section 2304”, which was redesignated as multiple sections.
2013—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 112–239 added par. (3).
2003—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–136 struck out at end “The Secretary may not enter into a contract under this paragraph after December 31, 2003.”
2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted “of Homeland Security” for “of Transportation” in two places.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–314 substituted “December 31, 2003” for “December 31, 2002”.
2000—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted “December 31, 2002” for “December 31, 2000”.
1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–261 substituted “December 31, 2000” for “the end of the one-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this paragraph”.
1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–85 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106 inserted “, with respect to medical treatment facilities of the Department of Defense, and the Secretary of Transportation, with respect to medical treatment facilities of the Coast Guard when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy,” after “Secretary of Defense” and substituted “such facilities” for “medical treatment facilities of the Department of Defense”.
1993—Pub. L. 103–160 substituted “Personal services contracts” for “Contracts for direct health care providers” in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
“(a) The Secretary concerned may contract with persons for services (including personal services) for the provision of direct health care services determined by the Secretary concerned to be required for the purposes of this chapter.
“(b) A person with whom the Secretary contracts under this section for the provision of direct health care services under this chapter may be compensated at a rate prescribed by the Secretary concerned, but at a rate not greater than the rate of basic pay, special and incentive pays and bonuses, and allowances authorized by chapters 3, 5, and 7 of title 37 for a commissioned officer with comparable professional qualifications in pay grade O–6 with 26 or more years of service computed under section 205 of such title.”
1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–510 substituted “basic pay, special and incentive pays and bonuses, and allowances authorized by chapters 3, 5, and 7 of title 37 for a commissioned officer with comparable professional qualifications” for “basic pay and allowances authorized by chapters 3 and 7 of title 37 for a commissioned officer”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2021 Amendment
text: Amendment by section 1883(b)(2) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VII, § 733(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 381, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as of October 1, 1995.”
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 98–94, title IX, § 932(f), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 650, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting this section, amending section 201 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, and repealing sections 4022 and 9022 of this title and section 421 of Title 37] shall take effect on October 1, 1983. Any contract of employment entered into under the authority of section 4022 or 9022 of title 10, United States Code, before the effective date of this section and which is in effect on such date shall remain in effect in accordance with the terms of such contract.”
heading: Acquisition Strategy for Health Care Professional Staffing Services
text: Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, § 727(a)–(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2232, 2233, provided that:
“(a) Acquisition Strategy.—
“(1) In general.—
The Secretary of Defense shall develop and carry out a performance-based, strategic sourcing acquisition strategy with respect to entering into contracts for the services of health care professional staff at military medical treatment facilities located in a State.
“(2) Elements.—
The acquisition strategy under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
“(A) Except as provided by subparagraph (B), a requirement that all the military medical treatment facilities that provide direct care use contracts described under paragraph (1).
“(B) A process for a military medical treatment facility to obtain a waiver of the requirement under subparagraph (A) in order to use an acquisition strategy not described in paragraph (1).
“(C) Identification of the responsibilities of the military departments and the elements of the Department of Defense in carrying out such strategy.
“(D) Projection of the demand by covered beneficiaries for health care services, including with respect to primary care and expanded-hours urgent care services.
“(E) Estimation of the workload gaps at military medical treatment facilities for health care services, including with respect to primary care and expanded-hours urgent care services.
“(F) Methods to analyze, using reliable and detailed data covering the entire direct care component of the military health system, the amount of funds expended on contracts for the services of health care professional staff.
“(G) Methods to identify opportunities to consolidate requirements for such services and reduce cost.
“(H) Methods to measure cost savings that are realized by using such contracts instead of purchased care.
“(I) Metrics to determine the effectiveness of such strategy.
“(J) Metrics to evaluate the success of the strategy in achieving its objectives, including metrics to assess the effects of the strategy on the timeliness of beneficiary access to professional health care services in military medical treatment facilities.
“(K) Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.
“(b) Report.—
Not later than July 1, 2017, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the status of implementing the acquisition strategy under paragraph (1) of subsection (a), including how each element under subparagraphs (A) through (K) of paragraph (2) of such subsection is being carried out.
“(c) Definitions.—
In this section:
“(1) The term ‘covered beneficiary’ has the meaning given that term in section 1072 of title 10, United States Code.
“(2) The term ‘State’ means the several States and the District of Columbia.”
heading: Acquisition Strategy for Health Care Professional Staffing Services
text: Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VII, § 725, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3418, required the Secretary of Defense to develop and carry out an acquisition strategy with respect to entering into contracts for the services of health care professional staff at military medical treatment facilities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, § 727(d), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2233.
heading: Test of Alternative Process for Conducting Medical Screenings for Enlistment Qualification
text: Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VII, § 733(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2072, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1067(3), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774, directed the Secretary of Defense to conduct a test to determine whether an alternative to the system used by the Department of Defense of employing fee-basis physicians for determining the medical qualifications for enlistment of applicants for military service would reduce the number of disqualifying medical conditions detected during the initial entry training of such applicants, and whether an alternative system would meet or exceed the cost, responsiveness, and timeliness standards of the system in use or achieve any savings or cost avoidance, and to submit to committees of Congress a report on the results and findings of the test not later than Mar. 1, 2000.
heading: Ratification of Existing Contracts
text: Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VII, § 733(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 381, provided that: “Any exercise of authority under section 1091 of title 10, United States Code, to enter into a personal services contract on behalf of the Coast Guard before the effective date of the amendments made by subsection (a) [Oct. 1, 1995] is hereby ratified.”
heading: Personal Service Contracts To Provide Care
text: Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VII, § 704(c), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2799, as amended by Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VII, § 717(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1986, provided that:
“(1) The Secretary of Defense may enter into personal service contracts under the authority of section 1091 of title 10, United States Code, with persons described in paragraph (2) to provide the services of clinical counselors, family advocacy program staff, and victim’s services representatives to members of the Armed Forces and covered beneficiaries who require such services. Notwithstanding subsection (a) of such section, such services may be provided in medical treatment facilities of the Department of Defense or elsewhere as determined appropriate by the Secretary.
“(2) The persons with whom the Secretary may enter into a personal services contract under this subsection shall include clinical social workers, psychologists, marriage and family therapists certified as such by a certification recognized by the Secretary of Defense, psychiatrists, and other comparable professionals who have advanced degrees in counseling or related academic disciplines and who meet all requirements for State licensure and board certification requirements, if any, within their fields of specialization.”
heading: Report on Compensation by Medical Specialty
text: Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VII, § 712(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1689, directed the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress a report, not later than 30 days after the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the Secretary had first used the authority provided under this section, as amended by Pub. L. 103–160, specifying the compensation provided to medical specialists who had agreed to enter into personal services contracts under such section during that period, the extent to which amounts of compensation exceeded amounts previously provided, the total number and medical specialties of specialists serving during that period pursuant to such contracts, and the number of specialists who had received compensation in an amount in excess of the maximum which had been authorized under this section, as in effect on Nov. 29, 1993.