dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
7 U.S.C. § 136x (AGRICULTURE)
§ 136x. Severability
If any provision of this subchapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this subchapter which can be given effect without regard to the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this subchapter are severable.
(June 25, 1947, ch. 125, § 34, formerly § 26, as added Pub. L. 92–516, § 2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 998; renumbered § 30, Pub. L. 95–396, § 24(1), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 836; renumbered § 33, Pub. L. 104–170, title I, § 121(1), Aug. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 1492; renumbered § 34, Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title V, § 501(f)(1), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 422.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 34 of act June 25, 1947, ch. 125, was renumbered section 35 and is classified to section 136y of this title.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: For effective date of section, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–516, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 138i (AGRICULTURE)
§ 138i. Effect of other laws
Nothing in this chapter shall alter the authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIII, § 1330, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3565.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in text, is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of Title 21 and Tables.
(AGRICULTURE)
§§ 146, 147. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 146, act Feb. 9, 1927, ch. 90, 44 Stat. 1065, authorized an appropriation of $10,000,000 to eradicate or control European corn borer.
Section 147, act May 24, 1928, ch. 734, 45 Stat. 734, authorized an additional appropriation of $7,000,000 to eradicate or control European corn borer.
(AGRICULTURE)
§§ 147a, 147b. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 147a, acts Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title I, § 102, 58 Stat. 735, as amended, which related to fees for inspection of plants for exporting or transiting, was transferred to section 7759 of this title.
Section 147b, Pub. L. 97–46, § 1, Sept. 25, 1981, 95 Stat. 953, as amended, which related to transfer of funds for emergency arrest of animal or poultry diseases, was transferred to section 129a of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and was subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10418(a)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507.
7 U.S.C. § 150...150g (AGRICULTURE)
§§ 150 to 150g. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 438(a)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
text: Section 150, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 1, 62 Stat. 442, set forth governmental policy for protection of potatoes and tomatoes from golden nematode.
text: Section 150a, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 2, 62 Stat. 443, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to carry out operations to eradicate, suppress, control, or prevent spread of golden nematode.
text: Section 150b, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 3, 62 Stat. 443, related to inspections, quarantines, restrictions on planting, crop destruction, and compensation of growers.
text: Section 150c, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 4, 62 Stat. 443, made expenditure of funds discretionary with Secretary.
text: Section 150d, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 5, 62 Stat. 443, made State legislative action prerequisite to restrictions on or destruction of crops.
text: Section 150e, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 6, 62 Stat. 443, related to determination of amount of compensation paid to growers.
text: Section 150f, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 7, 62 Stat. 443, authorized expenditures, including employment of personnel, printing and binding, and purchase of vehicles.
text: Section 150g, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 8, 62 Stat. 443, directed that chapter be construed to supplement existing legislation.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, § 9, 62 Stat. 443, provided that act June 15, 1948, enacting this chapter, could be cited as the “Golden Nematode Act”, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 438(a)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454.
7 U.S.C. § 150aa...150jj (AGRICULTURE)
§§ 150aa to 150jj. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 438(a)(2), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
text: Section 150aa, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 102, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 31, defined terms as used in this chapter.
text: Section 150bb, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 103, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 32; Pub. L. 97–461, § 1(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2523; Pub. L. 100–449, title III, § 301(f)(1), Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 431(c)(1), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4967, prohibited movement of plant pests into or through the United States or interstate.
text: Section 150cc, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 104, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 32; Pub. L. 100–449, title III, § 301(f)(2), Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1869; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 431(c)(2), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4967, prohibited mailing of plant pests.
text: Section 150dd, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 105, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 32; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, § 1119(1), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1272, authorized emergency measures to prevent dissemination of plant pests.
text: Section 150ee, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 106, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 33, authorized promulgation of regulations requiring inspection of products and articles.
text: Section 150ff, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 107, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 90–578, title IV, § 402(b)(2), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, § 1119(2), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117, authorized warrantless stops and inspections and entries with warrants for inspections and seizures.
text: Section 150gg, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 108, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 97–461, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2523, set forth criminal and civil penalties.
text: Section 150hh, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 109, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 34, related to separability of provisions.
text: Section 150ii, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 111, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 34, provided that authority conferred by this chapter was to be in addition to that conferred by other statutes.
text: Section 150jj, Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 111, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 35, provided that nothing in this chapter was to amend or repeal provisions of the Plant Quarantine Act.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 85–36, title I, § 101, May 23, 1957, 71 Stat. 31, provided that title I of Pub. L. 85–36, which enacted this chapter and provisions set out as a note under section 147a of this title, amended section 149 of this title, and repealed sections 141 to 144 and 441 of this title, could be cited as the “Federal Plant Pest Act”, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 438(a)(2), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454.
7 U.S.C. § 151...154 (AGRICULTURE)
§§ 151 to 154. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 438(a)(1), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
text: Section 151, act Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, § 11, 37 Stat. 319, defined “person” as used in this chapter.
text: Section 152, act Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, § 6, 37 Stat. 317, defined “nursery stock” for purpose of this chapter.
text: Section 153, act Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, § 11, 37 Stat. 319, related to liability of principal for act or omission of agent.
text: Section 154, acts Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, § 1, 37 Stat. 315; July 31, 1947, ch. 405, 61 Stat. 680; Pub. L. 100–449, title III, § 301(f)(3)(A), Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1869; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 431(d)(1), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4967, required that movement of nursery stock into or through the United States be made in accordance with regulations to prevent dissemination of plant pests, plant diseases, or insect pests.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section 14 of act Aug. 20, 1912, provided that act Aug. 20, 1912, enacting this chapter, was effective Oct. 1, 1912, except as otherwise provided, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, § 438(a)(1), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454.
7 U.S.C. § 155 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 155. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145, § 1 [part], 37 Stat. 854, provided that any class of nursery stock or of any other class of plants, fruits, vegetables, roots, bulbs, seeds, or other plant products of which the importation could be forbidden from any country or locality under the provisions of section 160 of this title could be imported for experimental or scientific purposes by the Department of Agriculture.
7 U.S.C. § 161a (AGRICULTURE)
§ 161a. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was from the Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act, 1945, act June 28, 1944, ch. 296, 58 Stat. 440, related to disposition of moneys from inspection and certification of domestic plants and plant products for export, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in prior appropriation acts as follows:
July 12, 1943, ch. 215, 57 Stat. 408.
July 22, 1942, ch. 516, 56 Stat. 686.
7 U.S.C. § 165 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 165. Repealed. Pub. L. 88–448, title IV, § 402(a)(13), Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 493
text: Section, act Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, § 12, 37 Stat. 319, related to appointment of members of a Federal Horticultural Board from among employees of Department of Agriculture.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective on first day of first month which begins later than ninetieth day following Aug. 19, 1964, see section 403 of Pub. L. 88–448.
7 U.S.C. § 165a (AGRICULTURE)
§ 165a. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, act May 16, 1928, ch. 572, 45 Stat. 565, provided that the functions of the Federal Horticultural Board should devolve upon and be exercised by the Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. Said act also created an Advisory Federal Plant Quarantine Board which was abolished by act Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 203, 47 Stat. 1463. Appropriations to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to carry into effect the provisions of this chapter, which in prior appropriation acts had been made to the Plant Quarantine and Control Administration, were made to the Bureau of Plant Quarantine by the appropriation act of July 7, 1932, ch. 443, 47 Stat. 640, and to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine by the appropriation act of Mar. 26, 1934, ch. 89, 48 Stat. 486, and subsequent appropriation acts.
7 U.S.C. § 174 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 174. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was from the Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act, 1946, act July 5, 1945, ch. 271, title I, 59 Stat. 423, provided for the disposition of proceeds from the sale of guayule and other rubber-bearing plants, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in prior appropriation acts as follows:
May 5, 1945, ch. 109, 59 Stat. 152.
June 28, 1944, ch. 296, 58 Stat. 447.
July 12, 1943, ch. 215, 57 Stat. 415.
July 2, 1942, ch. 476, title I, 56 Stat. 597.
Apr. 28, 1942, ch. 247, title III, 56 Stat. 240.
7 U.S.C. § 176 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 176. Sale of guayule shrub to Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Guayule shrub may be sold to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation at a price reflecting the net realization from the sale of the rubber recovered from such shrub in mills operated by said Corporation after deducting the cost of milling and amortization of the cost of mills constructed for the purpose by said Corporation.
(June 30, 1945, ch. 215, § 1, 59 Stat. 310; July 5, 1945, ch. 271, title I, 59 Stat. 423.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: Rubber Reserve Company dissolved and functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation by Joint Res. June 30, 1945, eff. July 1, 1945.
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Abolition of Reconstruction Finance Corporation
text: Section 6(a) of 1957 Reorg. Plan No. 1, eff. June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 649, set out as a note under section 601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, abolished Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
7 U.S.C. § 178a (AGRICULTURE)
§ 178a. Definitions
As used in this subchapter—
(a) The term “State” means each of the fifty States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(b) The term “Secretaries” means the Secretary of Agriculture and/or the Secretary of Commerce acting each separately or jointly.
(c) The term “commercialization” means the stage in the development or advancement of a technology at which point private enterprise is willing to invest in a full-scale production facility.
(d) The term “native” means hydrocarbon-containing plants and other agricultural crops of strategic and industrial importance which may be cultured in North America, especially plants which are members of the genus Parthenium known as Guayule.
(Pub. L. 95–592, § 3, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 98–284, § 3, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 181.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–284, § 3(a), inserted “and other agricultural crops of strategic and industrial importance” and “plants which are”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–284, § 3(b), struck out subsec. (e) which defined “Regional Commissions” as the Regional Action Planning Commissions established pursuant to title V of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965.
7 U.S.C. § 178d (AGRICULTURE)
§ 178d. Research and development program by Secretary of Commerce
The Secretary of Commerce is authorized and directed to initiate and carry out research, technology development, technology transfer, and demonstration projects to test and demonstrate the economic feasibility of the manufacture and commercialization of natural rubber from Parthenium or other hydrocarbon-containing plants or the manufacture and commercialization of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance. Such research shall include but not be limited to—
(a) conducting research and development on extraction and processing techniques;
(b) economic analysis of the production of native latex, including usable byproducts;
(c) studying the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the commercial development of native latex;
(d) evaluating the commercial marketability of Parthenium and rubber derived from other hydrocarbon-containing plants;
(e) further refining present extraction and manufacturing technologies and future extraction and manufacturing technologies, including technologies which utilize solar energy;
(f) developing pertinent material and records on manufacturing of natural rubber which shall be available to other Federal and State agencies and private persons who are interested in or involved in natural rubber development, or manufacture; and
(g) to the extent appropriate, carrying out research activities with respect to native agricultural crops (other than Parthenium and other hydrocarbon-containing plants) that would supply critical agricultural materials for strategic and industrial purposes, in the manner specified in clauses (a) through (f).
(Pub. L. 95–592, § 6, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2531; Pub. L. 98–284, § 6, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 183.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–284, § 6(1), (2), inserted in provisions preceding cl. (a) reference to the manufacture and commercialization of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance, and struck out “may be carried out through the Regional Commissions or otherwise and” after “Such research”.
Cl. (g). Pub. L. 98–284, § 6(5), added cl. (g).
7 U.S.C. § 178e (AGRICULTURE)
§ 178e. Cooperative projects with Mexico, Australia, and Israel
The Secretaries, in consultation with the Secretary of State, are authorized and encouraged to enter into cooperative projects with the Government of Mexico, the Government of Australia, and the Government of Israel in order to accomplish appropriate aspects of the research and development provided for in this subchapter. Such cooperative projects should include, but not be limited to, projects to determine the economic feasibility of extraction and processing of latex and other critical agricultural materials produced in the United States.
(Pub. L. 95–592, § 7, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 98–284, § 7, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 183.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–284 inserted “, the Government of Australia, and the Government of Israel”, and substituted “extraction and processing of latex and other critical agricultural materials produced in the United States” for “latex extraction and processing”.
7 U.S.C. § 178f (AGRICULTURE)
§ 178f. Assistance from States and public agencies; contracts and agreements
The Secretaries are authorized to accept financial or other assistance from any State or public agency to aid in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter and to enter into contracts with respect to such assistance and to enter into agreements with any State or public agency for the purpose of demonstrating, transferring, or applying results of research or methods of economic development relating to native latex or to other critical agricultural materials.
(Pub. L. 95–592, § 8, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 98–284, § 8, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 183.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–284 inserted “or to other critical agricultural materials”.
7 U.S.C. § 178g (AGRICULTURE)
§ 178g. Powers of Secretary of Agriculture
In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to—
(a) make grants to States, education institutions, scientific organizations, and Indian tribes as defined in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93–638, 25 U.S.C. 450),1 and enter into contracts with such institutions and organizations and with industrial or engineering firms;
(b) acquire the services of biologists, agronomists, foresters, geneticists, chemists, engineers, economists, and other personnel by contract or otherwise;
(c) utilize the facilities of Federal and State scientific laboratories;
(d) establish and operate necessary facilities and plantations to carry out the continuous research, testing, development, and programing necessary to effectuate the purposes of this subchapter;
(e) acquire secret processes, technical data, inventions, patent applications, patents, licenses, land and interest in land (including water rights), facilities, and other property or rights by purchase, license, lease, or donation;
(f) assemble and maintain pertinent and current literature and publications, patents and licenses, land and interests in land;
(g) cause onsite inspections to be made of promising projects, domestic or foreign, and, in the case of projects located in the United States, cooperate and participate in their development when the Secretary determines that the purpose of this subchapter will be served thereby;
(h) foster and participate in regional, national, and international conferences relating to native latex culture or the culture of other native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials;
(i) coordinate, correlate, and publish information with a view to advancing the development of native latex technology or the technology of other native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials; and
(j) cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, with State and local departments, agencies, and instrumentalities, and with interested persons, firms, institutions, and organizations.
(Pub. L. 95–592, § 9, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 98–284, § 9, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 183.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93–638, 25 U.S.C. 450), referred to in cl. (a), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which was classified principally to subchapter II (§ 450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as chapter 46 (§ 5301 et seq.) of Title 25. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Cl. (h). Pub. L. 98–284, § 9(1), inserted “or the culture of other native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials”.
Cl. (i). Pub. L. 98–284, § 9(2), inserted “or the technology of other native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials”.
7 U.S.C. § 178h (AGRICULTURE)
§ 178h. Powers of Secretary of Commerce
In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary of Commerce is authorized to—
(a) make grants to States, education institutions, scientific organizations, and Indian tribes as defined in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93–638, 25 U.S.C. 450),1 and enter into contracts with such institutions and organizations and with industrial or engineering firms;
(b) acquire the services of biologists, agronomists, foresters, geneticists, engineers, economists, and other personnel having expertise in native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials by contract or otherwise;
(c) utilize the facilities of Federal and State institutions and other scientific laboratories;
(d) establish and operate necessary facilities and pilot plants to carry out the continuous research, testing, development, and programing necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section;
(e) acquire secret processes, technical data, invention, patent applications, patents, licenses, land and interests in land (including water rights), plants and facilities, and other property or rights by purchase, license, lease, or donation; and
(f) foster and participate in regional, national, and international conferences relating to the activities authorized by this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 95–592, § 10, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2533; Pub. L. 98–284, § 10, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 184.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93–638, 25 U.S.C. 450), referred to in cl. (a), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which was classified principally to subchapter II (§ 450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as chapter 46 (§ 5301 et seq.) of Title 25. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–284, § 10(1), (2), in provisions preceding cl. (a) substituted “this subchapter” for “this section” and struck out “, acting through the Regional Commissions or otherwise,” after “the Secretary of Commerce”.
Cl. (b). Pub. L. 98–284, § 10(3), inserted “having expertise in native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials”.
Cl. (f). Pub. L. 98–284, § 10(4), substituted “the activities authorized by this subchapter” for “natural rubber manufacture”.