10 U.S.C. § 2326 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 2326. Undefinitized contractual actions: restrictions
(a) In General.—
The head of an agency may not enter into an undefinitized contractual action unless the request to the head of the agency for authorization of the contractual action includes a description of the anticipated effect on requirements of the military department concerned if a delay is incurred for purposes of determining contractual terms, specifications, and price before performance is begun under the contractual action.
(b) Limitations on Obligation of Funds.—
(1) A contracting officer of the Department of Defense may not enter into an undefinitized contractual action unless the contractual action provides for agreement upon contractual terms, specifications, and price by the earlier of—
(A) the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the contractor submits a qualifying proposal to definitize the contractual terms, specifications, and price; or
(B) the date on which the amount of funds obligated under the contractual action is equal to more than 50 percent of the negotiated overall ceiling price for the contractual action.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), the contracting officer for an undefinitized contractual action may not obligate with respect to such contractual action an amount that is equal to more than 50 percent of the negotiated overall ceiling price until the contractual terms, specifications, and price are definitized for such contractual action.
(3) If a contractor submits a qualifying proposal (as defined in subsection (h)) 1 to definitize an undefinitized contractual action before an amount equal to more than 50 percent of the negotiated overall ceiling price is obligated on such action, the contracting officer for such action may not obligate with respect to such contractual action an amount that is equal to more than 75 percent of the negotiated overall ceiling price until the contractual terms, specifications, and price are definitized for such contractual action.
(4) The head of an agency may waive the provisions of this subsection with respect to a contract of that agency if that head of an agency determines that the waiver is necessary in order to support any of the following operations:
(A) A contingency operation.
(B) A humanitarian or peacekeeping operation.
(5) This subsection does not apply to an undefinitized contractual action for the purchase of initial spares.
(c) Limitation on Unilateral Definitization by Contracting Officer.—
With respect to any undefinitized contractual action with a value greater than $50,000,000, if agreement is not reached on contractual terms, specifications, and price within the period or by the date provided in subsection (b)(1), the contracting officer may not unilaterally definitize those terms, specifications, or price over the objection of the contractor until—
(1) the service acquisition executive for the military department that awarded the contract, or the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment if the contract was awarded by a Defense Agency or other component of the Department of Defense, approves the definitization in writing;
(2) the contracting officer provides a copy of the written approval to the contractor; and
(3) a period of 30 calendar days has elapsed after the written approval is provided to the contractor.
(d) Inclusion of Non-Urgent Requirements.—
Requirements for spare parts and support equipment that are not needed on an urgent basis may not be included in an undefinitized contractual action for spare parts and support equipment that are needed on an urgent basis unless the head of the agency approves such inclusion as being—
(1) good business practice; and
(2) in the best interests of the United States.
(e) Modification of Scope.—
The scope of an undefinitized contractual action under which performance has begun may not be modified unless the head of the agency approves such modification as being—
(1) good business practice; and
(2) in the best interests of the United States.
(f) Allowable Profit.—
(1) The head of an agency shall ensure that the profit allowed on an undefinitized contractual action for which the final price is negotiated after a substantial portion of the performance required is completed reflects—
(A) the possible reduced cost risk of the contractor with respect to costs incurred during performance of the contract before the final price is negotiated; and
(B) the reduced cost risk of the contractor with respect to costs incurred during performance of the remaining portion of the contract.
(2) If a contractor submits a qualifying proposal to definitize an undefinitized contractual action and the contracting officer for such action definitizes the contract after the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the contractor submitted the qualifying proposal, the head of the agency concerned shall ensure that the profit allowed on the contract accurately reflects the cost risk of the contractor as such risk existed on the date the contractor submitted the qualifying proposal.
(g) Time Limit.—
No undefinitized contractual action may extend beyond 90 days without a written determination by the Secretary of the military department concerned, the head of the Defense Agency concerned, the commander of the combatant command concerned, or the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment (as applicable) that it is in the best interests of the military department, the Defense Agency, the combatant command, or the Department of Defense, respectively, to continue the action.
(h) Foreign Military Contracts.—
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a contracting officer of the Department of Defense may not enter into an undefinitized contractual action for a foreign military sale unless the contractual action provides for agreement upon contractual terms, specifications, and price by the end of the 180-day period described in subsection (b)(1)(A).
(2) The requirement under paragraph (1) may be waived in accordance with subsection (b)(4).
(i) Applicability.—
This section does not apply to the Coast Guard or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(j) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) The term “undefinitized contractual action” means a new procurement action entered into by the head of an agency for which the contractual terms, specifications, or price are not agreed upon before performance is begun under the action. Such term does not include contractual actions with respect to the following:
(A) Purchases in an amount not in excess of the amount of the simplified acquisition threshold.
(B) Special access programs.
(C) Congressionally mandated long-lead procurement contracts.
(2) The term “qualifying proposal” means a proposal that contains sufficient information to enable the Department of Defense to conduct a meaningful audit of the information contained in the proposal.
(Added Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(c) [title X, § 908(d)(1)(A)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–140, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(c) [title X, § 908(d)(1)(A)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–140; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, § 908(d)(1)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3920, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, § 3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; amended Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, § 1622(c)(6), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1604; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(d)(5), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, § 1505, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3298; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, § 803(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1831; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, § 811, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2268; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, § 815(a), (b), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, § 902(50), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1548; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1819(b), (c)(1), (d), (e)(1), (f), (g), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4189–4191.)
heading: Amendment of Section
text: Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§ 1801(d), 1819(b), (c)(1), (d), (e)(1), (f), (g), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4151, 4189–4191, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, this section is amended as follows:
(1) by transferring subsection (a) to section 3371 of this title;
(2) by transferring subsections (b) and (c) to section 3372(a), (b), respectively, of this title;
(3) by transferring subsections (d) and (e) to section 3373(a), (b), respectively, of this title;
(4) by transferring subsection (f) to section 3374 of this title;
(5) by transferring subsection (g) to section 3375 of this title;
(6) by transferring subsection (h) to section 3372(c) of this title; and
(7) by transferring subsections (i) and (j) to section 3377(a), (b), respectively, of this title.
See 2021 Amendment notes below.
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§ 1801(d), 1881(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4151, 4293, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, this section is repealed.
heading: References in Text
text: Subsection (h), referred to in subsec. (b)(3), probably should be a reference to subsec. (j) of this section. When enacted, such reference was to subsec. (g) of this section, which was first redesignated as subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 114–328, § 811(2), and then as subsec. (j) by Pub. L. 115–91, § 815(a)(1).
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
Pub. L. 99–500, Pub. L. 99–591, and Pub. L. 99–661 added identical sections.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2326 was renumbered section 2346 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(b), redesignated subsec. (a) as section 3371 of this title.
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(c)(1), redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c) as section 3372(a), (b), respectively, of this title.
Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(d), redesignated subsecs. (d) and (e) as section 3373(a), (b), respectively, of this title.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(e)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as section 3374 of this title.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(f), redesignated subsec. (g) as section 3375 of this title.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (h) as section 3372(c) of this title.
Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1819(g), redesignated subsecs. (i) and (j) as section 3377(a), (b), respectively, of this title.
2019—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted “Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment” for “Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics”.
2017—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–91, § 815(b), substituted “subsection (h)” for “subsection (g)”.
Subsecs. (c) to (j). Pub. L. 115–91, § 815(a), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) to (i) as (d) to (j), respectively.
2016—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–328, § 811(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).
Subsecs. (f) to (i). Pub. L. 114–328, § 811(2), (3), added subsecs. (f) and (g) and redesignated former subsecs. (f) and (g) as (h) and (i), respectively.
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, § 811(4)(A), redesignated subpars. (B) to (D) as (A) to (C), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “Foreign military sales.”
Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, § 811(4)(B), substituted “a meaningful audit of the information contained in the proposal.” for “complete and meaningful audits of the information contained in the proposal and of any other information that the Department is entitled to review in connection with the contract, as determined by the contracting officer.”
1997—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–85 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “The head of an agency may waive the provisions of this subsection with respect to a contract of that agency if such head of an agency determines that the waiver is necessary in order to support a contingency operation.”
1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–355, § 1505(a)(1), struck out “and expenditure” after “obligation” in heading.
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–355, § 1505(a)(2), struck out “or expended” after “obligated”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–355, § 1505(a)(3), substituted “obligate” for “expend”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 103–355, § 1505(a)(4), substituted “obligated” for “expended” and “obligate” for “expend”.
Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 103–355, § 1505(b), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).
Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–355, § 1505(c), substituted “simplified acquisition threshold” for “small purchase threshold”.
1991—Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 102–25 substituted “in an amount not in excess of the amount of the small purchase threshold” for “of less than $25,000”.
1989—Subsec. (g)(1)(D). Pub. L. 101–189 substituted “Congressionally mandated” for “Congressionally-mandated”.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal by section 1881(a) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 2021 Amendment
text: Amendment by section 1819(b), (c)(1), (d), (e)(1), (f), (g) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
text: For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 103–355, see section 10001 of Pub. L. 103–355, set out as a note under section 2302 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(c) [title X, § 908(d)(2)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–142, Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(c) [title X, § 908(d)(2)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–142, and Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, § 908(d)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3921, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, § 3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, provided that: “Section 2326 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (d)(1)), applies to undefinitized contractual actions that are entered into after the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986].”
heading: Regulations
text: Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, § 815(c), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1462, provided that: “Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], the Secretary of Defense shall revise the Department of Defense Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to implement section 2326 of title 10, United States Code, as amended by this section.”
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
heading: Relaxation of Undefinitized Contract Action Limitations and Restrictions Related to National Emergency for Coronavirus Disease 2019
text: Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title III, § 13004, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 522, provided that:
“(a) Section 2326(b)(3) of title 10, United States Code, shall not apply to any undefinitized contract action of the Department of Defense related to the national emergency for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19).
“(b) In this section, the term ‘undefinitized contract action’ has the meaning given that term in section 2326(j)(6) of title 10, United States Code [probably means section 2326(j)(1) of title 10, United States Code, which defines “undefinitized contractual action”].”
Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title III, § 13005, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 522, provided that:
“(a) The head of an agency may waive the provisions of section 2326(b) of title 10, United States Code, with respect to a contract of such agency if the head of the agency determines that the waiver is necessary due to the national emergency for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19).
“(b) In this section, the term ‘head of an agency’ has the meaning given that term in section 2302(2) [probably means section 2302(1)] of title 10, United States Code.”
heading: Revision of Defense Supplement Relating to Payment of Costs Prior to Definitization
text: Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, § 812, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2406, provided that:
“(a) Revision Required.—
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], the Secretary of Defense shall revise the Defense Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to ensure that any limitations described in subsection (b) are applicable to all categories of undefinitized contractual actions (including undefinitized task orders and delivery orders).
“(b) Limitations.—
The limitations referred to in subsection (a) are any limitations on the reimbursement of costs and the payment of profits or fees with respect to costs incurred before the definitization of an undefinitized contractual action of the Department of Defense, including—
“(1) such limitations as described in part 52.216-26 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation; and
“(2) any such limitations implementing the requirements of section 809 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. 2326 note).”
heading: Implementation and Enforcement of Requirements Applicable to Undefinitized Contractual Actions
text: Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, § 809, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 216, provided that:
“(a) Guidance and Instructions.—
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall issue guidance, with detailed implementation instructions, for the Department of Defense to ensure the implementation and enforcement of requirements applicable to undefinitized contractual actions.
“(b) Elements.—
The guidance and instructions issued pursuant to subsection (a) shall address, at a minimum—
“(1) the circumstances in which it is, and is not, appropriate for Department of Defense officials to use undefinitized contractual actions;
“(2) approval requirements (including thresholds) for the use of undefinitized contractual actions;
“(3) procedures for ensuring that timelines for the definitization of undefinitized contractual actions are met;
“(4) procedures for ensuring compliance with regulatory limitations on the obligation of funds pursuant to undefinitized contractual actions;
“(5) procedures for ensuring compliance with regulatory limitations on profit or fee with respect to costs incurred before the definitization of an undefinitized contractual action; and
“(6) reporting requirements for undefinitized contractual actions that fail to meet required timelines for definitization or fail to comply with regulatory limitations on the obligation of funds or on profit or fee.
“(c) Reports.—
“(1) Report on guidance and instructions.—
Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report setting forth the guidance and instructions issued pursuant to subsection (a).
“(2) GAO report.—
Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the extent to which the guidance and instructions issued pursuant to subsection (a) have resulted in improvements to—
“(A) the level of insight that senior Department of Defense officials have into the use of undefinitized contractual actions;
“(B) the appropriate use of undefinitized contractual actions;
“(C) the timely definitization of undefinitized contractual actions; and
“(D) the negotiation of appropriate profits and fees for undefinitized contractual actions.”
heading: Limitation on Use of Funds for Undefinitized Contractual Actions; Oversight by Inspector General; Waiver Authority
text: Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(c) [title X, § 908(a)–(c), (e)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–139, 1783–140, 1783–142, Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(c) [title X, § 908(a)–(c), (e)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–139, 3341–140, 3341–142, and Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, § 908(a)–(c), (e), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3918, 3919, 3921, renumbered title IX and amended by Pub. L. 100–26, §§ 3(5), 5(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, 274; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, § 4322(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 677, which related to limitations on funding for undefinitized contractual actions, Inspector General audits and oversight, and waiver authority, were repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 812(b)(21), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1848.