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31 U.S.C. § 711 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 711. General authority
The Comptroller General may—
(1) prescribe regulations to carry out the duties and powers of the Comptroller General;
(2) delegate the duties and powers of the Comptroller General to officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office as the Comptroller General decides is necessary to carry out those duties and powers;
(3) regulate the practice of representatives of persons before the Office; and
(4) administer oaths to witnesses when auditing and settling accounts.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 889; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
711
31:44(1st sentence).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 304(1st par. 1st sentence), 42 Stat. 24.
31:52(c), (d).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 311(c), (d), 42 Stat. 25; Feb. 15, 1980, Pub. L. 96–191, § 8(e)(4), 94 Stat. 33.
31:52–1(related to direct).
Feb. 15, 1980, Pub. L. 96–191, § 2(related to direct), 94 Stat. 27.
31:117.
R.S. § 297.
In clause (1), the words “may . . . prescribe regulations to carry out the duties and powers of the Comptroller General” are substituted for “shall make such rules and regulations as may be necessary for carrying on the work of the General Accounting Office” in 31:52(d) for consistency.
In clause (2), the word “delegate” is substituted for “direct” in 31:52–1, and the words “officers and employees” are substituted for “personnel”, and 31:52(c) is omitted, for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
In clause (3), the words “rules and” in 31:52(d) are omitted as surplus. The words “representatives of persons” are substituted for “attorneys” for clarity and consistency in the revised title.
In clause (4), the words “in any case in which they may deem it necessary for the due” in 31:117 are omitted as surplus. The words “auditing and settling” are substituted for “examination” for consistency. The words “with which they shall be charged” are omitted because of the restatement.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Par. (2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
heading: Expired Appropriations Available for Deposit Into Employees’ Compensation Fund
text: Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title VI, § 1611, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 427, provided that:
“(a) In General.—
Available balances of expired Government Accountability Office appropriations shall be available to the Government Accountability Office to make the deposit to the credit of the Employees’ Compensation Fund required by section 8147(b) of title 5[,] United States Code.
“(b) Effective Date.—
This section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2013 and each fiscal year thereafter.”
31 U.S.C. § 721 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 721. Access to certain information
(a) No provision of the Social Security Act, including section 453(l) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 653(l)), shall be construed to limit, amend, or supersede the authority of the Comptroller General to obtain any information or to inspect any record under section 716 of this title.
(b) The specific reference to a statute in subsection (a) shall not be construed to affect access by the Government Accountability Office to information under statutes that are not so referenced.
(Added Pub. L. 115–3, § 2(a), Jan. 31, 2017, 131 Stat. 7.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
31 U.S.C. § 732a (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 732a. Critical positions
(a) The Comptroller General may establish senior-level positions to meet critical scientific, technical or professional needs of the Government Accountability Office. An individual serving in such a position shall—
(1) be subject to the laws and regulations applicable to the General Accounting Office Senior Executive Service 1 under section 733 of this title, with respect to rates of basic pay, performance awards, ranks, carry over of annual leave, benefits, performance appraisals, removal or suspension, and reductions in force;
(2) have the same rights of appeal to the General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board 1 as are provided to the Office Senior Executive Service;
(3) be exempt from the same provisions of law as are made inapplicable to the Office Senior Executive Service under section 733(d) of this title, except for section 732(e) of this title;
(4) be entitled to discontinued service retirement under chapter 83 or 84 of title 5 as if a member of the Office Senior Executive Service; and
(5) be subject to reassignment by the Comptroller General to any position in the Office Senior Executive Service under section 733 of this title, as the Comptroller General determines necessary and appropriate.
(b) Senior-level positions under this section may include positions referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 731(e) of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 106–303, § 4(a)(1), Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1068; amended Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–323, § 9(b)(1), Sept. 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 3548.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–323 substituted “paragraph (1) or (2) of section 731(e)” for “section 731(d), (e)(1), or (e)(2)”.
2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in introductory provisions.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: General Accounting Office redesignated Government Accountability Office. See section 8 of Pub. L. 108–271, set out as a note under section 702 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 734 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 734. Assignments and details to Congress
The Comptroller General may assign or detail an officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office to full-time continuous duty with a committee of Congress for not more than one year.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 899; Pub. L. 98–367, title I, § 8, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
734(a)
31:1175(a).
Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–510, § 235(a), 84 Stat. 1171.
734(b)
31:1175(c).
Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–510, 84 Stat. 1140, § 235(c); added Oct. 11, 1971, Pub. L. 92–136, § 8, 85 Stat. 378.
In the section, the words “officer or” are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
In subsection (a), the words “Notwithstanding any other provision of law” are omitted as surplus. The word “continuous” is substituted for “on a continuing basis” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “committee of Congress” are substituted for “committee of the Senate or House of Representatives or with any joint committee of Congress” for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “any period of” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b), the words “Comptroller General” are substituted for “General Accounting Office” for consistency. The word “pay” is substituted for “salary” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
1984—Pub. L. 98–367 struck out designation of provisions as “(a)” and struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: “A committee of the Senate or a joint committee of Congress for which the Secretary of the Senate disburses amounts shall reimburse the Comptroller General for the pay of each officer or employee of the Office for the time the officer or employee is assigned or detailed to the committee or joint committee.”
31 U.S.C. § 735 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 735. Relationship to other laws
(a) Except as provided in section 733(c) of this title, this subchapter and subchapter IV of this chapter do not affect sections 702(b), 703, 731(c) and (e), 772, 775(a) and (d) of this title.
(b) Except as specifically provided in this subchapter and subchapter IV of this chapter, those subchapters do not change the application of a law applicable to officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 899; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–323, § 9(b)(3), Sept. 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 3548.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
735(a)
31:52–6(a).
Feb. 15, 1980, Pub. L. 96–191, § 7, 94 Stat. 33.
735(b)
31:52–6(b).
In subsection (a), the words “repealing, amending, or otherwise” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b), the words “repeal . . . or limit” are omitted as surplus. The words “officers and” are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–323 substituted “731(c) and (e),” for “731(c)–(e),”.
2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
31 U.S.C. § 754 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 754. Action by the Comptroller General
When the Comptroller General has authority, the Comptroller General promptly shall carry out action the General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board 1 orders under section 753 of this title.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 902.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
754
31:52–3(i).
Feb. 15, 1980, Pub. L. 96–191, § 4(i), 94 Stat. 31.
The words “to do so” and “corrective” are omitted as surplus. The words “under section 753 of this title” are added for clarity.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: General Accounting Office redesignated Government Accountability Office. See section 8 of Pub. L. 108–271, set out as a note under section 702 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 778 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 778. Dependency and disability decisions
The General Counsel of the Government Accountability Office shall decide a question of dependency, disability, or dependency and disability under sections 773–776 of this title. A decision under this section is final.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
778
31:43b(h).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 42 Stat. 20, § 319(h); added July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–87, 73 Stat. 198.
The words “arising” and “and conclusive” are omitted as surplus.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
31 U.S.C. § 779 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 779. Use of appropriations
Annuities and refunds under this subchapter shall be paid by the Comptroller General from appropriations of the Government Accountability Office.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
779
31:43(2d par. 3d sentence).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 42 Stat. 20, § 303(2d par. 3d sentence); added July 28, 1953, ch. 256, 67 Stat. 229.
31:43b(r).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 42 Stat. 20, § 319(r); added July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–87, 73 Stat. 200.
The words “of deposits” in 31:43b(r) are omitted as surplus.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
31 U.S.C. § 782 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 782. Leasing of space in the General Accounting Office Building
The Comptroller General is authorized to lease or otherwise provide space and services within the General Accounting Office Building 1 to persons, both public and private, or to any department, agency or instrumentality of the United States Government upon such terms and conditions as the Comptroller General deems necessary to protect the public interest. The Comptroller General shall establish a rental rate for such leased space equivalent to the prevailing commercial rate for comparable space devoted to a similar purpose in the vicinity of the General Accounting Office Building.1 Additionally, the Comptroller General may make available, on occasion, or may lease at such rates and on such other terms and conditions as the Comptroller General deems to be in the public interest, auditoriums, meeting rooms, and lobbies of the General Accounting Office Building 1 to persons, firms, or organizations engaged in cultural, educational, or recreational activities (as defined in section 3306(a) of title 40). The Comptroller General will consult with the Administrator of General Services and will give priority to Federal agencies in filling available space within the General Accounting Office Building.1 Payments for space or services may be made in advance or by way of reimbursement and shall be deposited to a special account and shall be available for expenditure for operation, maintenance, protection, alteration, or repair of the General Accounting Office Building 1 in such amounts as are specified in annual appropriation Acts without regard to fiscal year limitations.
(Added Pub. L. 100–545, § 1, Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2728; amended Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(f)(1)(D), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(h)(2), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1299.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–217 substituted “(as defined in section 3306(a) of title 40)” for “(as defined in section 105 of the Public Buildings Cooperative Use Act of 1976 (40 U.S.C. 612a))”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “612a)).” for “612a).”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: General Accounting Office redesignated Government Accountability Office. See section 8 of Pub. L. 108–271, set out as a note under section 702 of this title.
heading: Payments of Reimbursements Incident to Operation of General Accounting Office Building
text: Pub. L. 101–520, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2275, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided in part that “notwithstanding the provisions of section 782 of title 31, United States Code, hereinafter any payments of reimbursements received incident to the operation of the General Accounting Office Building shall be credited to the appropriation currently available to the Government Accountability Office and remain available until expended, and not more than $5,915,000 of such funds shall be available for use in fiscal year 1991”.
31 U.S.C. § 783 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 783. Rules and regulations
(a) The Comptroller General is authorized to make all needful rules and regulations for the Government of the General Accounting Office Building,1 and to annex to such rules and regulations such reasonable penalties, within the limits prescribed in subsection (b), as will ensure their enforcement. Such rules and regulations shall be posted and kept posted in a conspicuous place on such Federal property.
(b) Whoever shall violate any rule or regulation promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both.
(Added Pub. L. 100–545, § 1, Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2728.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: General Accounting Office redesignated Government Accountability Office. See section 8 of Pub. L. 108–271, set out as a note under section 702 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 791 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 791. Center for Audit Excellence
(a) Establishment.—
The Comptroller General shall establish, maintain, and operate a center within the Government Accountability Office to be known as the “Center for Audit Excellence” (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the “Center”).
(b) Purpose and Activities.—
(1) In general.—
The Center shall build institutional auditing capacity and promote good governance by providing affordable, relevant, and high-quality training, technical assistance, and products and services to qualified personnel and entities of governments (including the Federal Government, State and local governments, tribal governments, and governments of foreign nations), international organizations, and other private organizations.
(2) Determination of qualified personnel and entities.—
Personnel and entities shall be considered qualified for purposes of receiving training, technical assistance, and products or services from the Center under paragraph (1) in accordance with such criteria as the Comptroller General may establish and publish.
(c) Fees.—
(1) Permitting charging of fees.—
The Comptroller General may establish, charge, and collect fees (on a reimbursable or advance basis) for the training, technical assistance, and products and services provided by the Center under this subchapter.
(2) Deposit into separate account.—
The Comptroller General shall deposit all fees collected under paragraph (1) into the Center for Audit Excellence Account established under section 792.
(d) Gifts of Property and Services.—
The Comptroller General may accept and use conditional or non-conditional gifts of property (both real and personal) and services (including services of guest lecturers) to support the operation of the Center, except that the Comptroller General may not accept or use such a gift if the Comptroller General determines that the acceptance or use of the gift would compromise or appear to compromise the integrity of the Government Accountability Office.
(e) Sense of Congress Regarding Personnel.—
It is the sense of Congress that the Center should be staffed primarily by personnel of the Government Accountability Office who are not otherwise engaged in carrying out other duties of the Office under this chapter, so as to ensure that the operation of the Center will not detract from or impact the oversight and audit work of the Office.
(Added Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, § 1401(a)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2539.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Approval of Business Plan
text: Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, § 1401(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2541, provided that:
“The Comptroller General may not begin operating the Center for Audit Excellence under subchapter VII of chapter 7 of title 31, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)) until—
“(1) the Comptroller General submits a business plan for the Center to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and Senate; and
“(2) each such Committee approves the plan.”
31 U.S.C. § 903 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 903. Establishment of agency Deputy Chief Financial Officers
(a) There shall be within each agency described in section 901(b) an agency Deputy Chief Financial Officer, who shall report directly to the agency Chief Financial Officer on financial management matters. The position of agency Deputy Chief Financial Officer shall be a career reserved position in the Senior Executive Service.
(b) Consistent with qualification standards developed by, and in consultation with, the agency Chief Financial Officer and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the head of each agency shall appoint as Deputy Chief Financial Officer an individual with demonstrated ability and experience in accounting, budget execution, financial and management analysis, and systems development, and not less than 6 years practical experience in financial management at large governmental entities.
(Added Pub. L. 101–576, title II, § 205(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2845.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Senior Executive Service, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 5382 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
31 U.S.C. § 1102 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 1102. Fiscal year
The fiscal year of the Treasury begins on October 1 of each year and ends on September 30 of the following year. Accounts of receipts and expenditures required under law to be published each year shall be published for the fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 908.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
1102
31:1020.
R.S. § 237; Oct. 1, 1890, ch. 1256, § 9, 26 Stat. 646; restated July 12, 1974, Pub. L. 93–344, § 501, 88 Stat. 321.
The words “in all matters of accounts, receipts, expenditures, estimates, and appropriations” are omitted as being included in “fiscal”. The word “prepared” is omitted as being included in “published”. The words “as established by subsection (a) of this section” are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The text of 31:1020(a)(1) and the words “beginning on October 1, 1976” are omitted as executed.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Fiscal Year Transition Period of July 1, 1976, Through September 30, 1976
text: Pub. L. 94–274, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 383, provided for an orderly transition to the new Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 fiscal year for particular acts by specifying how the period of July 1, 1976, through Sept. 30, 1976, was to be treated for fiscal year purposes.
31 U.S.C. § 1107 (MONEY AND FINANCE)
§ 1107. Deficiency and supplemental appropriations
The President may submit to Congress proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations the President decides are necessary because of laws enacted after the submission of the budget or that are in the public interest. The President shall include the reasons for the submission of the proposed appropriations and the reasons the proposed appropriations were not included in the budget. When the total proposed appropriations would have required the President to make a recommendation under section 1105(c) of this title if they had been included in the budget, the President shall make a recommendation under that section. The President shall transmit promptly to Congress without change, proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations submitted to the President by the legislative branch and the judicial branch.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 911; Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VI, § 619, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 926.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
1107
31:14.
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, § 203, 42 Stat. 21; restated Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, § 102(b), 64 Stat. 833.
In the section, the words “reach an aggregate which” are omitted as surplus.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2011—Pub. L. 112–74 inserted at end “The President shall transmit promptly to Congress without change, proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations submitted to the President by the legislative branch and the judicial branch.”