dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
34 U.S.C. § 12410 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12410. Definitions
As used in this part—
(1) the term “national crime information databases” refers to the National Crime Information Center and its incorporated criminal history databases, including the Interstate Identification Index; and
(2) the term “protection order” includes an injunction or any other order issued for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, or contact or communication with or physical proximity to, another person, including temporary and final orders issued by civil or criminal courts (other than support or child custody orders) whether obtained by filing an independent action or as a pendente lite order in another proceeding so long as any civil order was issued in response to a complaint, petition, or motion filed by or on behalf of a person seeking protection.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40611, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1952.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14040 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12431 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12431. Task force
(a) Establish
The Attorney General, in consultation with national nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations whose primary expertise is in domestic violence, shall establish a task force to coordinate research on domestic violence and to report to Congress on any overlapping or duplication of efforts on domestic violence issues. The task force shall be comprised of representatives from all Federal agencies that fund such research.
(b) Uses of funds
Funds appropriated under this section shall be used to—
(1) develop a coordinated strategy to strengthen research focused on domestic violence education, prevention, and intervention strategies;
(2) track and report all Federal research and expenditures on domestic violence; and
(3) identify gaps and duplication of efforts in domestic violence research and governmental expenditures on domestic violence issues.
(c) Report
The Task Force shall report to Congress annually on its work under subsection (b).
(d) Definition
For purposes of this section, the term “domestic violence” has the meaning given such term by section 10447 1 of this title.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2004.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40901, as added Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, § 1407, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1517.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 10447 of this title, referred to in subsec. (d), was subsequently repealed and a new section 10447 enacted which does not define “domestic violence”. However, such term is defined in section 12291 of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14042 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12441 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12441. Grants to protect the privacy and confidentiality of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking
The Attorney General, through the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women, may award grants under this part to States, Indian tribes, territories, or local agencies or nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations to ensure that personally identifying information of adult, youth, and child victims of domestic violence, sexual violence, stalking, and dating violence shall not be released or disclosed to the detriment of such victimized persons.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41101, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12442 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12442. Purpose areas
Grants made under this part may be used—
(1) to develop or improve protocols, procedures, and policies for the purpose of preventing the release of personally identifying information of victims (such as developing alternative identifiers);
(2) to defray the costs of modifying or improving existing databases, registries, and victim notification systems to ensure that personally identifying information of victims is protected from release, unauthorized information sharing and disclosure;
(3) to develop confidential opt out systems that will enable victims of violence to make a single request to keep personally identifying information out of multiple databases, victim notification systems, and registries; or
(4) to develop safe uses of technology (such as notice requirements regarding electronic surveillance by government entities), to protect against abuses of technology (such as electronic or GPS stalking), or providing training for law enforcement on high tech electronic crimes of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41102, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043b–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12443 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12443. Eligible entities
Entities eligible for grants under this part include—
(1) jurisdictions or agencies within jurisdictions having authority or responsibility for developing or maintaining public databases, registries or victim notification systems;
(2) nonprofit nongovernmental victim advocacy organizations having expertise regarding confidentiality, privacy, and information technology and how these issues are likely to impact the safety of victims;
(3) States or State agencies;
(4) local governments or agencies;
(5) Indian tribal governments or tribal organizations;
(6) territorial governments, agencies, or organizations; or
(7) nonprofit nongovernmental victim advocacy organizations, including statewide domestic violence and sexual assault coalitions.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41103, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043b–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12444 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12444. Grant conditions
Applicants described in paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) through (6) shall demonstrate that they have entered into a significant partnership with a State, tribal, territorial, or local victim service or advocacy organization or condition in order to develop safe, confidential, and effective protocols, procedures, policies, and systems for protecting personally identifying information of victims.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41104, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2984.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) through (6), referred to in text, probably mean paragraphs (1) and (3) through (6) of section 12443 of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043b–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12461 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12461. Findings
Congress finds that—
(1) the former United States Advisory Board on Child Abuse suggests that domestic violence may be the single major precursor to child abuse and neglect fatalities in this country;
(2) studies suggest that as many as 10,000,000 children witness domestic violence every year;
(3) studies suggest that among children and teenagers, recent exposure to violence in the home was a significant factor in predicting a child’s violent behavior;
(4) a study by the Nurse-Family Partnership found that children whose parents did not participate in home visitation programs that provided coaching in parenting skills, advice and support, were almost 5 times more likely to be abused in their first 2 years of life;
(5) a child’s exposure to domestic violence seems to pose the greatest independent risk for being the victim of any act of partner violence as an adult;
(6) children exposed to domestic violence are more likely to believe that using violence is an effective means of getting one’s needs met and managing conflict in close relationships;
(7) children exposed to abusive parenting, harsh or erratic discipline, or domestic violence are at increased risk for juvenile crime; and
(8) in a national survey of more than 6,000 American families, 50 percent of men who frequently assaulted their wives also frequently abused their children.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41301, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title IV, § 401, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3017.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12462 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12462. Purpose
The purpose of this part is to—
(1) prevent crimes involving violence against women, children, and youth;
(2) increase the resources and services available to prevent violence against women, children, and youth;
(3) reduce the impact of exposure to violence in the lives of children and youth so that the intergenerational cycle of violence is interrupted;
(4) develop and implement education and services programs to prevent children in vulnerable families from becoming victims or perpetrators of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking;
(5) promote programs to ensure that children and youth receive the assistance they need to end the cycle of violence and develop mutually respectful, nonviolent relationships; and
(6) encourage collaboration among community-based organizations and governmental agencies serving children and youth, providers of health and mental health services and providers of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking victim services to prevent violence against women and children.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41302, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title IV, § 401, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3018.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043d–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12472 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12472. Purpose
The purpose of this subpart is to reduce domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, and to prevent homelessness by—
(1) protecting the safety of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking who reside in homeless shelters, public housing, assisted housing, tribally designated housing, or other emergency, transitional, permanent, or affordable housing, and ensuring that such victims have meaningful access to the criminal justice system without jeopardizing such housing;
(2) creating long-term housing solutions that develop communities and provide sustainable living solutions for victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;
(3) building collaborations among victim service providers, homeless service providers, housing providers, and housing agencies to provide appropriate services, interventions, and training to address the housing needs of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking; and
(4) enabling public and assisted housing agencies, tribally designated housing entities, private landlords, property management companies, and other housing providers and agencies to respond appropriately to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, while maintaining a safe environment for all housing residents.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41402, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title VI, § 601, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3031; amended Pub. L. 113–4, title VI, § 601(a)(2), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 102.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14043e–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Pub. L. 113–4 substituted “subpart” for “part” in introductory provisions.
34 U.S.C. § 12521 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12521. Increased penalties for drug-dealing in “drug-free” zones
Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, the United States Sentencing Commission shall amend its sentencing guidelines to provide an appropriate enhancement for a defendant convicted of violating section 860 of title 21.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IX, § 90102, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1987.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14051 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
Section is comprised of section 90102 of Pub. L. 103–322 which is also listed in a table relating to sentencing guidelines set out under section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
34 U.S.C. § 12522 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12522. Enhanced penalties for illegal drug use in Federal prisons and for smuggling drugs into Federal prisons
(a) Declaration of policy
It is the policy of the Federal Government that the use or distribution of illegal drugs in the Nation’s Federal prisons will not be tolerated and that such crimes shall be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
(b) Sentencing guidelines
Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, the United States Sentencing Commission shall amend its sentencing guidelines to appropriately enhance the penalty for a person convicted of an offense—
(1) under section 844 of title 21 involving simple possession of a controlled substance within a Federal prison or other Federal detention facility; or
(2) under section 841(b) of title 21 involving the smuggling of a controlled substance into a Federal prison or other Federal detention facility or the distribution or intended distribution of a controlled substance within a Federal prison or other Federal detention facility.
(c) No probation
Notwithstanding any other law, the court shall not sentence a person convicted of an offense described in subsection (b) to probation.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title IX, § 90103, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1987.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14052 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
Section is comprised of section 90103 of Pub. L. 103–322. Subsec. (b) of section 90103 of Pub. L. 103–322 is also listed in a table relating to sentencing guidelines set out under section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
34 U.S.C. § 12531 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12531. Juvenile anti-drug and anti-gang grants in federally assisted low-income housing
Grants authorized in this Act to reduce or prevent juvenile drug and gang-related activity in “public housing” may be used for such purposes in federally assisted, low-income housing.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XV, § 150007, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2035.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 103–322, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1796, known as the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1994 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14061 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12532 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12532. Gang investigation coordination and information collection
(a) Coordination
The Attorney General (or the Attorney General’s designee), in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury (or the Secretary’s designee), shall develop a national strategy to coordinate gang-related investigations by Federal law enforcement agencies.
(b) Data collection
The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall acquire and collect information on incidents of gang violence for inclusion in an annual uniform crime report.
(c) Report
The Attorney General shall prepare a report on national gang violence outlining the strategy developed under subsection (a) to be submitted to the President and Congress by January 1, 1996.
(d) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XV, § 150008, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2036.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14062 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12542 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12542. Rural drug enforcement training
(a) Specialized training for rural officers
The Director of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center shall develop a specialized course of instruction devoted to training law enforcement officers from rural agencies in the investigation of drug trafficking and related crimes.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (a)—
(1) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1996;
(2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
(3) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
(4) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and
(5) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XVIII, § 180103, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2046.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14082 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center of the Department of the Treasury to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(4), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
34 U.S.C. § 12551 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12551. Purposes
The purposes of this part are to—
(1) address violent crime by increasing the number of police with advanced education and training on community patrol; and
(2) provide educational assistance to law enforcement personnel and to students who possess a sincere interest in public service in the form of law enforcement.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, § 200102, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2049.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14091 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12553 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12553. Establishment of Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education
There is established in the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the Attorney General, an Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, § 200104, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2050.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14093 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12554 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12554. Designation of lead agency and submission of State plan
(a) Lead agency
A State that desires to participate in the Police Corps program under this part shall designate a lead agency that will be responsible for—
(1) submitting to the Director a State plan described in subsection (b); and
(2) administering the program in the State.
(b) State plans
A State plan shall—
(1) contain assurances that the lead agency shall work in cooperation with the local law enforcement liaisons, representatives of police labor organizations and police management organizations, and other appropriate State and local agencies to develop and implement interagency agreements designed to carry out the program;
(2) contain assurances that the State shall advertise the assistance available under this part;
(3) contain assurances that the State shall screen and select law enforcement personnel for participation in the program; and
(4) meet the requirements of section 12559 of this title.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, § 200105, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2050.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14094 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12558 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 12558. Service obligation
(a) Swearing in
Upon satisfactory completion of the participant’s course of education and training program established in section 12557 of this title and meeting the requirements of the police force to which the participant is assigned, a participant shall be sworn in as a member of the police force to which the participant is assigned pursuant to the State Police Corps plan, and shall serve for 4 years as a member of that police force.
(b) Rights and responsibilities
A participant shall have all of the rights and responsibilities of and shall be subject to all rules and regulations applicable to other members of the police force of which the participant is a member, including those contained in applicable agreements with labor organizations and those provided by State and local law.
(c) Discipline
If the police force of which the participant is a member subjects the participant to discipline such as would preclude the participant’s completing 4 years of service, and result in denial of educational assistance under section 12555 of this title, the Director may, upon a showing of good cause, permit the participant to complete the service obligation in an equivalent alternative law enforcement service and, if such service is satisfactorily completed, section 12555(d)(1)(B)(iii) of this title shall not apply.
(d) Layoffs
If the police force of which the participant is a member lays off the participant such as would preclude the participant’s completing 4 years of service, and result in denial of educational assistance under section 12555 of this title, the Director may permit the participant to complete the service obligation in an equivalent alternative law enforcement service and, if such service is satisfactorily completed, section 12555(d)(1)(B)(iii) of this title shall not apply.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, § 200109, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2055.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14098 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.