dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
28 U.S.C. § 1926 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1926. Court of Federal Claims
(a) The Judicial Conference of the United States shall prescribe from time to time the fees and costs to be charged and collected in the United States Court of Federal Claims.
(b) The court and its officers shall collect only such fees and costs as the Judicial Conference prescribes. The court may require advance payment of fees by rule.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 139(p)(1), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, § 902(b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 304 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 191, 36 Stat. 1144).
For distribution of other provisions of section 304 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., see Distribution Table.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1992—Pub. L. 102–572 substituted “Court of Federal Claims” for “Claims Court” as section catchline and “United States Court of Federal Claims” for “United States Claims Court” in subsec. (a).
1982—Pub. L. 97–164 substituted “Claims Court” for “Court of Customs and Patent Appeals” as section catchline and, in text substituted provisions directing the Judicial Conference of the United States to prescribe from time to time the fees and costs to be charged and collected in the United States Claims Court and directing the court and its officers to collect only such fees and costs as the Judicial Conference prescribes, with the court authorized to require advance payment of fees by rule for provisions which had directed that fees and costs in the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals be fixed by a table of fees adopted by such court and approved by the Supreme Court, that the fees and costs so fixed not exceed the fees and costs charged in the Supreme Court, and that the fees be accounted for and paid over to the Treasury.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1992 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1982 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of this title.
heading: Court Fees for Electronic Access to Information
text: Judicial Conference to prescribe reasonable fees for collection by courts under this section for access to information available through automatic data processing equipment and fees to be deposited in Judiciary Automation Fund, see section 303 of Pub. L. 102–140, set out as a note under section 1913 of this title.
28 U.S.C. § 1927 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1927. Counsel’s liability for excessive costs
Any attorney or other person admitted to conduct cases in any court of the United States or any Territory thereof who so multiplies the proceedings in any case unreasonably and vexatiously may be required by the court to satisfy personally the excess costs, expenses, and attorneys’ fees reasonably incurred because of such conduct.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 96–349, § 3, Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1156.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 829 (R.S. § 982).
Word “personally” was inserted upon authority of Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Steiner et al., 1912, 201 F. 63, 119 C.C.A. 401. Reference to “proctor” was omitted as covered by the revised section.
See definition of “court of the United States” in section 451 of this title.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1980—Pub. L. 96–349 substituted judicial authorization to require attorneys to satisfy excess costs, expenses, and attorneys’ fees reasonably incurred because of multiplication of proceedings for such prior authority to impose liability for increased costs based on multiplication of proceedings.
28 U.S.C. § 1928 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1928. Patent infringement action; disclaimer not filed
Whenever a judgment is rendered for the plaintiff in any patent infringement action involving a part of a patent and it appears that the patentee, in his specifications, claimed to be, but was not, the original and first inventor or discoverer of any material or substantial part of the thing patented, no costs shall be included in such judgment, unless the proper disclaimer has been filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office prior to the commencement of the action.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4732(b)(17)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–585.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 821 (R.S. § 973).
Word “action” was substituted for “any suit at law or in equity” to conform with Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Words “or decree” were omitted after “judgment,” because a judgment under Rule 54(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure by definition includes a decree.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–113 substituted “United States Patent and Trademark Office” for “Patent Office”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1999 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.
28 U.S.C. § 1962 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1962. Lien
Every judgment rendered by a district court within a State shall be a lien on the property located in such State in the same manner, to the same extent and under the same conditions as a judgment of a court of general jurisdiction in such State, and shall cease to be a lien in the same manner and time. This section does not apply to judgments entered in favor of the United States. Whenever the law of any State requires a judgment of a State court to be registered, recorded, docketed or indexed, or any other act to be done, in a particular manner, or in a certain office or county or parish before such lien attaches, such requirements shall apply only if the law of such State authorizes the judgment of a court of the United States to be registered, recorded, docketed, indexed or otherwise conformed to rules and requirements relating to judgments of the courts of the State.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 958; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXVI, § 3627, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4965.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 812 and 814 (R.S. § 967; Aug. 1, 1888, ch. 729, § 1, 25 Stat. 357; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167; Aug. 17, 1912, ch. 300, 37 Stat. 311).
Section consolidates sections 812 and 814 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with changes in phraseology necessary to effect consolidation and to clarify the meaning of such sections.
Omitted words “or decree” after “judgments” as unnecessary inasmuch as Rule 54(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure by definition of judgment includes a decree.
Words “in the State of Louisiana” after “or parish” were omitted as unnecessary.
A reference to section 813 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was omitted, since such section is omitted from this revision as covered by Rule 79(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 inserted after first sentence “This section does not apply to judgments entered in favor of the United States.”
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 101–647 effective 180 days after Nov. 29, 1990, see section 3631 of Pub. L. 101–647, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3001 of this title.
28 U.S.C. § 1963A (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
[§ 1963A. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–702, title X, § 1002(b)(2), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4664]
text: Section, added Pub. L. 96–417, title V, § 511(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1743, provided for registration of judgments of the Court of International Trade. See section 1963 of this title.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective 90 days after Nov. 19, 1988, see section 1002(c) of Pub. L. 100–702, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1963 of this title.
28 U.S.C. § 1964 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1964. Constructive notice of pending actions
Where the law of a State requires a notice of an action concerning real property pending in a court of the State to be registered, recorded, docketed, or indexed in a particular manner, or in a certain office or county or parish in order to give constructive notice of the action as it relates to the real property, and such law authorizes a notice of an action concerning real property pending in a United States district court to be registered, recorded, docketed, or indexed in the same manner, or in the same place, those requirements of the State law must be complied with in order to give constructive notice of such an action pending in a United States district court as it relates to real property in such State.
(Added Pub. L. 85–689, § 1(a), Aug. 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 683.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 85–689, § 2, Aug. 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 683, provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [enacting this section] shall only be effective with respect to actions commenced in United States district courts more than one hundred and eighty days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 20, 1958].”
28 U.S.C. § 2001 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2001. Sale of realty generally
(a) Any realty or interest therein sold under any order or decree of any court of the United States shall be sold as a whole or in separate parcels at public sale at the courthouse of the county, parish, or city in which the greater part of the property is located, or upon the premises or some parcel thereof located therein, as the court directs. Such sale shall be upon such terms and conditions as the court directs.
Property in the possession of a receiver or receivers appointed by one or more district courts shall be sold at public sale in the district wherein any such receiver was first appointed, at the courthouse of the county, parish, or city situated therein in which the greater part of the property in such district is located, or on the premises or some parcel thereof located in such county, parish, or city, as such court directs, unless the court orders the sale of the property or one or more parcels thereof in one or more ancillary districts.
(b) After a hearing, of which notice to all interested parties shall be given by publication or otherwise as the court directs, the court may order the sale of such realty or interest or any part thereof at private sale for cash or other consideration and upon such terms and conditions as the court approves, if it finds that the best interests of the estate will be conserved thereby. Before confirmation of any private sale, the court shall appoint three disinterested persons to appraise such property or different groups of three appraisers each to appraise properties of different classes or situated in different localities. No private sale shall be confirmed at a price less than two-thirds of the appraised value. Before confirmation of any private sale, the terms thereof shall be published in such newspaper or newspapers of general circulation as the court directs at least ten days before confirmation. The private sale shall not be confirmed if a bona fide offer is made, under conditions prescribed by the court, which guarantees at least a 10 per centum increase over the price offered in the private sale.
(c) This section shall not apply to sales and proceedings under Title 11 or by receivers or conservators of banks appointed by the Comptroller of the Currency.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 958; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 99, 63 Stat. 104.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: 1948 Act
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 847 (Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 225, § 1, 27 Stat. 751; June 19, 1934, ch. 662, 48 Stat. 1119; Apr. 24, 1935, ch. 77, § 1, 49 Stat. 159; June 19, 1935, ch. 276, 49 Stat. 390).
A provision making the section applicable to pending proceedings was deleted as obsolete.
The term “court of the United States” is defined in section 451 of this title.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: 1949 Act
text: This section corrects a typographical error in subsection (a) of section 2001 of title 28, U.S.C.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1949—Subsec. (a). Act May 24, 1949, corrected spelling of “ancillary” in second par.
28 U.S.C. § 2002 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2002. Notice of sale of realty
A public sale of realty or interest therein under any order, judgment or decree of any court of the United States shall not be made without notice published once a week for at least four weeks prior to the sale in at least one newspaper regularly issued and of general circulation in the county, state, or judicial district of the United States wherein the realty is situated.
If such realty is situated in more than one county, state, district or circuit, such notice shall be published in one or more of the counties, states, or districts wherein it is situated, as the court directs. The notice shall be substantially in such form and contain such description of the property by reference or otherwise as the court approves. The court may direct that the publication be made in other newspapers.
This section shall not apply to sales and proceedings under Title 11 or by receivers or conservators of banks appointed by the Comptroller of the Currency.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 959; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 100, 63 Stat. 104.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: 1948 Act
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 849 (Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 225, § 3, 27 Stat. 751; Apr. 24, 1935, ch. 77, § 3, 49 Stat. 160; June 19, 1935, ch. 276, 49 Stat. 390).
A provision making the section applicable to pending proceedings was deleted as obsolete.
Word “under” was substituted for “ordered pursuant to section 847 of this title by” after “A public sale of realty or interest therein”.
Sections 847 and 848, of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., now sections 2001 and 2004 of this title, relate only to sales under orders or decrees, without any reference to sales under judgments. In 1921 the Supreme Court held, in Yazoo & M. V. R. Co. v. City of Clarksdale, 1921, 42 S.Ct. 27, 257 U.S. 10, 66 L.Ed. 104, that such section 847 did not apply to sales under common law executions. At that time such section 849 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., read as it has been revised above, without any reference to such section 847. However, in 1935, such sections 847, 848 and 849 were amended by one act, ch. 77, 49 Stat. 159, and, in such section 849, the words “pursuant to the provisions of this Act” were inserted, but the word “judgment,” though retained in such section 849, was not inserted in such sections 847 and 848. It is probable that Congress did not intend, in 1935 to make such sections 847 and 848 applicable to sales under judgments in law actions. Hence, to make all three sections consistent, the above-mentioned substitution was made.
Reference to circuit was deleted from first and second paragraphs as unnecessary and inappropriate. Publication in a newspaper in a large circuit remote from the county in which the realty is situate, might be wholly insufficient to give notice to interested parties.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: 1949 Act
text: This section corrects a typographical error in section 2002 of title 28, U.S.C.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1949—Act May 24, 1949, substituted “11” for “II” after “Title” in third par.
28 U.S.C. § 2003 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2003. Marshal’s incapacity after levy on or sale of realty
Whenever a United States marshal dies, is removed from office, or the term of his commission expires, after levying on realty or any interest therein under a writ of execution issued by a court of the United States, and before sale or other final disposition thereof, like process shall issue to the succeeding marshal and the same proceedings shall be had as if such contingency had not occurred.
Whenever any such contingency arises after a marshal has sold any realty or interest therein and before a deed is executed, the court may, on application by the purchaser, or the plaintiff in whose action the sale was made, setting forth the facts of the case and the reason why the title was not perfected by such marshal, order the succeeding marshal to perfect the title and execute a deed to the purchaser, upon payment of the purchase money and unpaid costs.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 959; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 101, 63 Stat. 104.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: 1948 Act
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 850 (R.S. § 994).
Word “realty” was substituted for “lands, tenements, or hereditaments” in two places, the two terms being synonymous. (See Black’s Law Dictionary, 3d Ed., p. 1969.)
Word “action” was substituted for “suit”, in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, prescribing but one form of action.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: 1949 Act
text: This section corrects a typographical error in section 2003 of title 28, U.S.C.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1949—Act May 24, 1949, corrected spelling of “realty” in first par.
28 U.S.C. § 2006 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2006. Execution against revenue officer
Execution shall not issue against a collector or other revenue officer on a final judgment in any proceeding against him for any of his acts, or for the recovery of any money exacted by or paid to him and subsequently paid into the Treasury, in performing his official duties, if the court certifies that:
(1) probable cause existed; or
(2) the officer acted under the directions of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice, or other proper Government officer.
When such certificate has been issued, the amount of the judgment shall be paid out of the proper appropriation by the Treasury.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 960; Pub. L. 107–296, title XI, § 1112(l), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2277.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 842 (R.S. § 989).
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–296 inserted “, the Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice,” after “the Secretary of the Treasury”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
28 U.S.C. § 2007 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2007. Imprisonment for debt
(a) A person shall not be imprisoned for debt on a writ of execution or other process issued from a court of the United States in any State wherein imprisonment for debt has been abolished. All modifications, conditions, and restrictions upon such imprisonment provided by State law shall apply to any writ of execution or process issued from a court of the United States in accordance with the procedure applicable in such State.
(b) Any person arrested or imprisoned in any State on a writ of execution or other process issued from any court of the United States in a civil action shall have the same jail privileges and be governed by the same regulations as persons confined in like cases on process issued from the courts of such State. The same requirements governing discharge as are applicable in such State shall apply. Any proceedings for discharge shall be conducted before a United States magistrate judge for the judicial district wherein the defendant is held.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 960; Pub. L. 90–578, title IV, § 402(b)(2), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 843, 844, and 845 (R.S. §§ 990, 991, 992; May 28, 1896, ch. 252, § 19, 29 Stat. 184; Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 814, 31 Stat. 956; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167).
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: “United States magistrate judge” substituted for “United States magistrate” in subsec. (b) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of this title. Previously, “United States magistrate” substituted for “United States commissioner” pursuant to Pub. L. 90–578. See chapter 43 (§ 631 et seq.) of this title.
28 U.S.C. § 2041 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2041. Deposit of moneys in pending or adjudicated cases
All moneys paid into any court of the United States, or received by the officers thereof, in any case pending or adjudicated in such court, shall be forthwith deposited with the Treasurer of the United States or a designated depositary, in the name and to the credit of such court.
This section shall not prevent the delivery of any such money to the rightful owners upon security, according to agreement of parties, under the direction of the court.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 960; Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(g)(4)(C), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1061.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 851 (R.S. § 995; May 29, 1920, ch. 214, § 1, 41 Stat. 654).
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1982—Pub. L. 97–258 substituted “Deposit of moneys in pending or adjudicated cases” for “Deposit” in section catchline.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Registry Administration Account
text: Pub. L. 100–459, title IV, § 400, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2211, provided: “That any funds hereafter collected by the Judiciary as a charge for services rendered in administering accounts kept in a court’s registry shall be deposited into a separate account entitled ‘Registry Administration Account’ in the Treasury of the United States. Such funds shall remain available to the Judiciary until expended to reimburse any appropriation for the amount paid out of such appropriation for expenses of the Courts of Appeals, District Courts and Other Judicial Services and the Administrative Office of the United States Courts”.