dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
10 U.S.C. § 4009 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4009. Technology protection features activities
(a) Activities.—
The Secretary of Defense shall carry out activities to develop and incorporate technology protection features in a designated system during the research and development phase of such system.
(b) Cost-sharing.—
Any contract for the design or development of a system resulting from activities under subsection (a) for the purpose of enhancing or enabling the exportability of the system, either for the development of program protection strategies for the system or the design and incorporation of exportability features into the system, shall include a cost-sharing provision that requires the contractor to bear half of the cost of such activities, or such other portion of such cost as the Secretary considers appropriate upon showing of good cause.
(c) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) The term “designated system” means any system (including a major system, as defined in section 3041 1 of title 10, United States Code) that the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment designates for purposes of this section.
(2) The term “technology protection features” means the technical modifications necessary to protect critical program information, including anti-tamper technologies and other systems engineering activities intended to prevent or delay exploitation of critical technologies in a designated system.
10 U.S.C. § 4014 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4014. Coordination and communication of defense research activities and technology domain awareness
(a) Coordination of Department of Defense Research, Development, and Technological Data.—
The Secretary of Defense shall promote, monitor, and evaluate programs for the communication and exchange of research, development, and technological data—
(1) among the Defense research facilities, combatant commands, and other organizations that are involved in developing for the Department of Defense the technological requirements for new items for use by combat forces;
(2) among Defense research facilities and other offices, agencies, and bureaus in the Department that are engaged in related technological matters;
(3) among other research facilities and other departments or agencies of the Federal Government that are engaged in research, development, and technological matters;
(4) among private commercial, research institution, and university entities engaged in research, development, and technological matters potentially relevant to defense on a voluntary basis;
(5) to the extent practicable, to achieve full awareness of scientific and technological advancement and innovation wherever it may occur, whether funded by the Department of Defense, another element of the Federal Government, or other entities; and
(6) through development and distribution of clear technical communications to the public, military operators, acquisition organizations, and civilian and military decision-makers that convey successes of research and engineering activities supported by the Department and the contributions of such activities to support national needs.
(b) Defense Research Facility Defined.—
In this section, the term “Defense research facility” has the meaning given that term by section 4142(b) of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 4015 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4015. Award of grants and contracts to colleges and universities: requirement of competition
(a) The Secretary of Defense may not make a grant or award a contract to a college or university for the performance of research and development, or for the construction of any research or other facility, unless—
(1) in the case of a grant, the grant is made using competitive procedures; and
(2) in the case of a contract, the contract is awarded in accordance with section 2304 1 of this title (other than pursuant to subsection (c)(5) 1 of that section).
(b)
(1) A provision of law may not be construed as modifying or superseding the provisions of subsection (a), or as requiring funds to be made available by the Secretary of Defense to a particular college or university by grant or contract, unless that provision of law—
(A) specifically refers to this section;
(B) specifically states that such provision of law modifies or supersedes the provisions of this section; and
(C) specifically identifies the particular college or university involved and states that the grant to be made or the contract to be awarded, as the case may be, pursuant to such provision of law is being made or awarded in contravention of subsection (a).
(2) A grant may not be made, or a contract awarded, pursuant to a provision of law that authorizes or requires the making of the grant, or the awarding of the contract, in a manner that is inconsistent with subsection (a) until—
(A) the Secretary of Defense submits to Congress a notice in writing of the intent to make the grant or award the contract; and
(B) a period of 180 days has elapsed after the date on which the notice is received by Congress.
10 U.S.C. § 4064 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4064. Joint reserve detachment of the Defense Innovation Unit
(a) Establishment.—
The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretaries of the military departments, may establish a joint reserve detachment (referred to in this section as the “Detachment”) composed of members of the reserve components described in subsection (b) to be assigned to each office of the Defense Innovation Unit to—
(1) support engagement and collaboration with private-sector industry and the community surrounding the location of such office; and
(2) accelerate the use and adoption of commercially-developed technologies for national security purposes.
(b) Members.—
Each Secretary of a military department shall select for the Detachment, and make efforts to retain, members of the reserve components who possess relevant private-sector experience in the fields of business, acquisition, intelligence, engineering, technology transfer, science, mathematics, program management, logistics, cybersecurity, or such other fields as determined by the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
(c) Duties.—
The Detachment shall have the following duties:
(1) Providing the Department of Defense with—
(A) expertise on and analysis of commercially-developed technologies;
(B) commercially-developed technologies to be used as alternatives for technologies in use by the Department; and
(C) opportunities for greater engagement and collaboration between the Department and private-sector industry on innovative technologies.
(2) On an ongoing basis—
(A) partnering with the military departments, the combatant commands, and other Department of Defense organizations to—
(i) identify and rapidly prototype commercially-developed technologies; and
(ii) use alternative contracting mechanisms to procure such technologies;
(B) increasing awareness of—
(i) the work of the Defense Innovation Unit; and
(ii) the technology requirements of the Department of Defense as identified in the National Defense Science and Technology Strategy developed under section 218 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 1679); and
(C) using the investment in research and development made by private-sector industry in assessing and developing dual-use technologies.
(3) Carrying out other activities as directed by the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
(d) Joint Duty.—
Assignment to a Detachment shall not qualify as a joint duty assignment, as defined in section 668(b)(1) of title 10, United States Code, unless approved by the Secretary of Defense.
10 U.S.C. § 4065 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4065. Prizes for advanced technology achievements
(a) Authority.—
The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, and the service acquisition executive for each military department, may carry out programs to award cash prizes and other types of prizes that the Secretary determines are appropriate to recognize outstanding achievements in basic, advanced, and applied research, technology development, and prototype development that have the potential for application to the performance of the military missions of the Department of Defense.
(b) Competition Requirements.—
Each program under subsection (a) shall use a competitive process for the selection of recipients of cash prizes. The process shall include the widely-advertised solicitation of submissions of research results, technology developments, and prototypes.
(c) Limitations.—
(1) No prize competition may result in the award of a prize with a fair market value of more than $10,000,000.
(2) No prize competition may result in the award of more than $1,000,000 in cash prizes without the approval of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
(3) No prize competition may result in the award of a solely nonmonetary prize with a fair market value of more than $10,000 without the approval of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
(d) Relationship to Other Authority.—
A program under subsection (a) may be carried out in conjunction with or in addition to the exercise of any other authority of an official referred to in that subsection to acquire, support, or stimulate basic, advanced and applied research, technology development, or prototype projects.
(e) Acceptance of Funds.—
In addition to such sums as may be appropriated or otherwise made available to the Secretary to award prizes under this section, the Secretary may accept funds or nonmonetary items from other departments and agencies of the Federal Government, from State and local governments, and from the private sector, to award prizes under this section. The Secretary may not give any special consideration to any private sector entity in return for a donation.
(f) Use of Prize Authority.—
Use of prize authority under this section shall be considered the use of competitive procedures for the purposes of section 2304 1 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 4066 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4066. Global Research Watch Program
(a) Program.—
The Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall carry out a Global Research Watch program in accordance with this section.
(b) Program Goals.—
The goals of the program are as follows:
(1) To monitor and analyze the basic and applied research activities and capabilities of foreign nations and private sector persons in areas of military interest, including allies and competitors.
(2) To provide standards for comparison and comparative analysis of research capabilities of foreign nations and private sector persons in relation to the research capabilities of the United States.
(3) To assist Congress and Department of Defense officials in making investment decisions for research in technical areas where the United States may not be the global leader.
(4) To identify areas where significant opportunities for cooperative research may exist.
(5) To coordinate and promote the international cooperative research and analysis activities of each of the armed forces and Defense Agencies.
(6) To establish and maintain an electronic database on international research capabilities, comparative assessments of capabilities, cooperative research opportunities, and ongoing cooperative programs.
(c) Focus of Program.—
The program shall be focused on research and technologies at a technical maturity level equivalent to Department of Defense basic and applied research programs.
(d) Coordination.—
(1) The Under Secretary shall coordinate the program with the international cooperation and analysis activities of the military departments and Defense Agencies.
(2) The Secretaries of the military departments and the directors of the Defense Agencies shall provide the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering such assistance as the Under Secretary may require for purposes of the program.
(3)
(A) Funds available to a military department for a fiscal year for monitoring or analyzing the research activities and capabilities of foreign nations may not be obligated or expended until the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering certifies to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics that the Secretary of such military department has provided the assistance required under paragraph (2).
(B) The limitation in subparagraph (A) shall not be construed to alter or effect the availability to a military department of funds for intelligence activities.
(e) Classification of Database Information.—
Information in electronic databases of the Global Research Watch program shall be maintained in unclassified form and, as determined necessary by the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, in classified form in such databases.
(f) Termination.—
The requirement to carry out the program under this section shall terminate on September 30, 2025.
10 U.S.C. § 4112 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4112. Research and development laboratories: contracts for services of university students
(a) Subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose, the Secretary of Defense may procure by contract under the authority of this section the temporary or intermittent services of students at institutions of higher learning for the purpose of providing technical support at defense research and development laboratories. Such contracts may be made directly with such students or with nonprofit organizations employing such students.
(b) Students providing services pursuant to a contract made under subsection (a) shall be considered to be employees for the purposes of chapter 81 of title 5, relating to compensation for work injuries, and to be employees of the government for the purposes of chapter 171 of title 28, relating to tort claims. Such students who are not otherwise employed by the Federal Government shall not be considered to be Federal employees for any other purpose.
(c) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. Such regulations shall include definitions for the purposes of this section of the terms “student”, “institution of higher learning”, and “nonprofit organization”.
10 U.S.C. § 4141 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4141. Contracts: acquisition, construction, or furnishing of test facilities and equipment
(a) A contract of a military department for research or development, or both, may provide for the acquisition or construction by, or furnishing to, the contractor, of research, developmental, or test facilities and equipment that the Secretary of the military department concerned determines to be necessary for the performance of the contract. The acquisition or construction of these research, developmental, or test facilities shall be subject to the cost principles applicable to allowable contract expenses. The facilities and equipment, and specialized housing for them, may be acquired or constructed at the expense of the United States, and may be lent or leased to the contractor with or without reimbursement, or may be sold to him at fair value. This subsection does not authorize new construction or improvements having general utility. The Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the military departments shall promulgate regulations necessary to give full force and effect to this section.
(b) Facilities that would not be readily removable or separable without unreasonable expense or unreasonable loss of value may not be installed or constructed under this section on property not owned by the United States, unless the contract contains—
(1) a provision for reimbursing the United States for the fair value of the facilities at the completion or termination of the contract or within a reasonable time thereafter;
(2) an option in the United States to acquire the underlying land; or
(3) an alternative provision that the Secretary concerned considers to be adequate to protect the interests of the United States in the facilities.
(c) Proceeds of sales or reimbursements under this section shall be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts, except to the extent otherwise authorized by law with respect to property acquired by the contractor.
10 U.S.C. § 4142 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4142. Functions of Defense research facilities
(a) Functions of Defense Research Facilities.—
The Secretary of Defense shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable—
(1) that Defense research facilities are assigned broad mission requirements rather than specific hardware needs;
(2) that appropriate personnel of such facilities are assigned to serve as consultants on component and support system standardization;
(3) that the managers of such facilities have broad latitude to choose research and development projects based on awareness of activities throughout the technology domain, including within the Federal Government, the Department of Defense, public and private research institutions and universities, and the global commercial marketplace;
(4) that technology position and issue papers prepared by Defense research facilities are readily available to all components of the Department of Defense and to contractors who submit bids or proposals for Department of Defense contracts;
(5) that, in order to promote increased consideration of technological issues early in the development process, any technological assessment made by a Defense research facility shall be provided to the Defense Technical Information Center repository to support acquisition decisions; and
(6) that, in light of Defense research facilities being funded by the public, Defense research facilities are broadly authorized and encouraged to support national technological development goals and support technological missions of other departments and agencies of the Federal Government, when such support is determined by the Secretary of Defense to be in the best interests of the Federal Government.
(b) Definitions.—
In this section, the term “Defense research facility” means a Department of Defense facility which performs or contracts for the performance of—
(1) basic research; or
(2) applied research known as exploratory development.
10 U.S.C. § 4143 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4143. Cooperative research and development agreements under Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
The Secretary of Defense, in carrying out research projects through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Secretary of each military department, in carrying out research projects, may permit the director of any federally funded research and development center to enter into cooperative research and development agreements with any person, any agency or instrumentality of the United States, any unit of State or local government, and any other entity under the authority granted by section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a). Technology may be transferred to a non-Federal party to such an agreement consistent with the provisions of sections 11 and 12 of such Act (15 U.S.C. 3710, 3710a).
10 U.S.C. § 4144 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4144. Use of test and evaluation installations by commercial entities
(a) Contract Authority.—
The Secretary of Defense may enter into contracts with commercial entities that desire to conduct commercial test and evaluation activities at a Major Range and Test Facility Installation.
(b) Termination or Limitation of Contract Under Certain Circumstances.—
A contract entered into under subsection (a) shall contain a provision that the Secretary of Defense may terminate, prohibit, or suspend immediately any commercial test or evaluation activity to be conducted at the Major Range and Test Facility Installation under the contract if the Secretary of Defense certifies in writing that the test or evaluation activity is or would be detrimental—
(1) to the public health and safety;
(2) to property (either public or private); or
(3) to any national security interest or foreign policy interest of the United States.
(c) Contract Price.—
A contract entered into under subsection (a) shall include a provision that requires a commercial entity using a Major Range and Test Facility Installation under the contract to reimburse the Department of Defense for all direct costs to the United States that are associated with the test and evaluation activities conducted by the commercial entity under the contract. In addition, the contract may include a provision that requires the commercial entity to reimburse the Department of Defense for such indirect costs related to the use of the installation as the Secretary of Defense considers to be appropriate. The Secretary may delegate to the commander of the Major Range and Test Facility Installation the authority to determine the appropriateness of the amount of indirect costs included in such a contract provision.
(d) Retention of Funds Collected From Commercial Users.—
Amounts collected under subsection (c) from a commercial entity conducting test and evaluation activities at a Major Range and Test Facility Installation shall be credited to the appropriation accounts under which the costs associated with the test and evaluation activities of the commercial entity were incurred.
(e) Regulations and Limitations.—
The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.
(f) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) The term “Major Range and Test Facility Installation” means a test and evaluation installation under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense and designated as a Major Range and Test Facility Installation by the Secretary.
(2) The term “direct costs” includes the cost of—
(A) labor, material, facilities, utilities, equipment, supplies, and any other resources damaged or consumed during test or evaluation activities or maintained for a particular commercial entity; and
(B) construction specifically performed for a commercial entity to conduct test and evaluation activities.
10 U.S.C. § 4147 (ARMED FORCES)
§ 4147. Use of federally funded research and development centers
(a) Limitation on Use of Centers.—
Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense may not place work with a federally funded research and development center unless such work is within the purpose, mission, and general scope of effort of such center as established in the sponsoring agreement of the Department of Defense with such center.
(b) Exception for Applied Scientific Research.—
This section does not apply to a federally funded research and development center that performs applied scientific research under laboratory conditions.
(c) Limitation on Creation of New Centers.—
(1) The head of an agency may not obligate or expend amounts appropriated to the Department of Defense for purposes of operating a federally funded research center that was not in existence before June 2, 1986, until—
(A) the head of the agency submits to Congress a report with respect to such center that describes the purpose, mission, and general scope of effort of the center; and
(B) a period of 60 days beginning on the date such report is received by Congress has elapsed.
(2) In this subsection, the term “head of an agency” has the meaning given such term in section 3004 1 of this title.
(d) Identification to Congress of FFRDC Workload Effort.—
After the close of a fiscal year, and not later than January 1 of the next year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report setting forth the actual obligations and the actual man-years of effort expended at each federally funded research and development center during that fiscal year.