dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
34 U.S.C. § 20334 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20334. Authorization of appropriations
(a) Authorization
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $2,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018.
(b) Use of funds
Of the amounts appropriated in subsection (a), not less than 80 percent shall be used for grants under section 20333(b) of this title.
(c) Limitation
No funds are authorized to be appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter unless the aggregate amount appropriated to carry out title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) 1 for such fiscal year is not less than the aggregate amount appropriated to carry out such title for the preceding fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 224, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4798; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40156(b)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1923; Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title III, § 1302(b), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1511; Pub. L. 113–4, title XI, § 1105, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 135.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109. Title II of the Act was classified principally to subchapter II (§ 5611 et seq.) of chapter 72 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification as subchapter II (§ 11111 et seq.) of chapter 111 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 13024 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–4 substituted “$2,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018.” for “$2,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2005.”
2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–386 added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—
“(1) $750,000 for fiscal year 1996;
“(2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
“(3) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
“(4) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and
“(5) $2,300,000 for fiscal year 2000.”
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter—
“(1) $10,000,000 in fiscal year 1991; and
“(2) such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter in each of fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994.”
34 U.S.C. § 20342 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20342. Federal immunity
(1) In general
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any individual making a good faith report to appropriate authorities of a suspected or known instance of child abuse or neglect, or who otherwise, in good faith, provides information or assistance, including medical evaluations or consultations, in connection with a report, investigation, or legal intervention pursuant to a good faith report of child abuse or neglect shall not be subject to civil liability or criminal prosecution, under any Federal law, rising from making such report or providing such information or assistance.
(2) Presumption of good faith
In a Federal civil action or criminal prosecution brought against a person based on the person’s reporting a suspected or known instance of child abuse or neglect, or providing information or assistance with respect to such a report, as described in paragraph (1), there shall be a presumption that the person acted in good faith.
(3) Costs
If the defendant prevails in a Federal civil action described in paragraph (2), the court may award costs and reasonable attorney’s fees incurred by the defendant.
(Pub. L. 115–424, § 3(b), Jan. 7, 2019, 132 Stat. 5470.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2018, and not as part of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 which comprises this chapter.
34 U.S.C. § 20501 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20501. National coordination of AMBER Alert communications network
(a) Coordination within Department of Justice
The Attorney General shall assign an officer of the Department of Justice to act as the national coordinator of the AMBER Alert communications network regarding abducted children. The officer so designated shall be known as the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice.
(b) Duties
In acting as the national coordinator of the AMBER Alert communications network, the Coordinator shall—
(1) seek to eliminate gaps in the network, including gaps in areas of interstate travel;
(2) work with States to encourage the development of additional elements (known as local AMBER plans) in the network;
(3) work with States to ensure appropriate regional coordination of various elements of the network; and
(4) act as the nationwide point of contact for—
(A) the development of the network; and
(B) regional coordination of alerts on abducted children through the network.
(c) Consultation with Federal Bureau of Investigation
In carrying out duties under subsection (b), the Coordinator shall notify and consult with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation concerning each child abduction for which an alert is issued through the AMBER Alert communications network.
(d) Cooperation
The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section.
(e) Report
Not later than March 1, 2005, the Coordinator shall submit to Congress a report on the activities of the Coordinator and the effectiveness and status of the AMBER plans of each State that has implemented such a plan. The Coordinator shall prepare the report in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation.
(Pub. L. 108–21, title III, § 301, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 660.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 5791 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20502 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20502. Minimum standards for issuance and dissemination of alerts through AMBER Alert communications network
(a) Establishment of minimum standards
Subject to subsection (b), the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice shall establish minimum standards for—
(1) the issuance of alerts through the AMBER Alert communications network; and
(2) the extent of the dissemination of alerts issued through the network.
(b) Limitations
(1) The minimum standards established under subsection (a) shall be adoptable on a voluntary basis only.
(2) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that appropriate information relating to the special needs of an abducted child (including health care needs) are disseminated to the appropriate law enforcement, public health, and other public officials.
(3) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that the dissemination of an alert through the AMBER Alert communications network be limited to the geographic areas most likely to facilitate the recovery of the abducted child concerned.
(4) In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the Coordinator may not interfere with the current system of voluntary coordination between local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies for purposes of the AMBER Alert communications network.
(c) Cooperation
(1) The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section.
(2) The Coordinator shall also cooperate with local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies in establishing minimum standards under this section.
(Pub. L. 108–21, title III, § 302, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 661.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 5791a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20505 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20505. Limitation on liability
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, including any of its officers, employees, or agents, shall not be liable for damages in any civil action for defamation, libel, slander, or harm to reputation arising out of any action or communication by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, its officers, employees, or agents, in connection with any clearinghouse, hotline or complaint intake or forwarding program or in connection with activity that is wholly or partially funded by the United States and undertaken in cooperation with, or at the direction of a Federal law enforcement agency.
(b) The limitation in subsection (a) does not apply in any action in which the plaintiff proves that the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, its officers, employees, or agents acted with actual malice, or provided information or took action for a purpose unrelated to an activity mandated by Federal law. For purposes of this subsection, the prevention, or detection of crime, and the safety, recovery, or protection of missing or exploited children shall be deemed, per se, to be an activity mandated by Federal law.
(Pub. L. 108–21, title III, § 305, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 664.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 5791d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20706 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20706. Senior Policy Operating Group
Each Federal department or agency involved in grant activities related to combatting trafficking or providing services to persons subjected to trafficking inside the United States shall apprise the Senior Policy Operating Group established by section 105(f) 1 of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7103(f)), under the procedures established by the Senior Policy Operating Group, of such activities of the department or agency to ensure that the activities are consistent with the purposes of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 206, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3571; Pub. L. 110–457, title II, § 233, Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5074.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 105(f) of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, referred to in text, was redesignated 105(g) of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 by Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1201(3), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 136.
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, referred to in text, is div. A of Pub. L. 106–386, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1466, which is classified principally to chapter 78 (§ 7101 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7101 of Title 22 and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14044d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pub. L. 110–457 struck out “, as the department or agency determines appropriate,” before “apprise the Senior Policy Operating Group”.
34 U.S.C. § 20707 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20707. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Severe forms of trafficking in persons
The term “severe forms of trafficking in persons” has the meaning given the term in section 7102(9) 1 of title 22.
(2) Sex trafficking
The term “sex trafficking” has the meaning given the term in section 7102(10) 1 of title 22.
(3) Commercial sex act
The term “commercial sex act” has the meaning given the term in section 7102(4) of title 22.
(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, § 207, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3572; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1212(b)(2)(C), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 144.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title II of Pub. L. 109–164, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3567, which enacted sections 20701 to 20703 and 20705 to 20707 of this title and amended sections 7103 and 7104 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables.
Section 7102(9) and (10) of title 22, referred to in pars. (1) and (2), was redesignated section 7102(11) and (12), respectively, of title 22 by Pub. L. 115–427, § 2(1), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5503.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 14044e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Par. (1). Pub. L. 113–4, § 1212(b)(2)(C)(i), substituted “section 7102(9)” for “section 7102(8)”.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 113–4, § 1212(b)(2)(C)(ii), substituted “section 7102(10)” for “section 7102(9)”.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 113–4, § 1212(b)(2)(C)(iii), substituted “section 7102(4)” for “section 7102(3)”.
34 U.S.C. § 20709a (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20709a. Holistic training for Federal law enforcement officers and prosecutors
All training required under section 20709 of this title and section 7105(c)(4) 1 of title 22 shall—
(1) emphasize that an individual who knowingly solicits or patronizes a commercial sex act from a person who was a minor (consistent with section 1591(c) of title 18) or was subject to force, fraud, or coercion is guilty of an offense under chapter 77 of title 18 and is a party to a human trafficking offense;
(2) develop specific curriculum for—
(A) under appropriate circumstances, arresting and prosecuting buyers of commercial sex, child labor that is a violation of law, or forced labor as a form of primary prevention; and
(B) investigating and prosecuting individuals who knowingly benefit financially from participation in a venture that has engaged in any act of human trafficking; and
(3) specify that any comprehensive approach to eliminating human trafficking shall include a demand reduction component.
(Pub. L. 115–392, § 7, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5253.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 7105(c)(4) of title 22, referred to in text, was in the original “section 105(c)(4) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000” and was translated as if it read “section 107(c)(4)” of the Act to reflect the probable intent of Congress. There is no section 105(c)(4) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 and section 107(c)(4) relates to the training of Government personnel.
34 U.S.C. § 20709b (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20709b. Encouraging a victim-centered approach to training of Federal law enforcement personnel
(a) Training curriculum improvements
The Attorney General, Secretary of Homeland Security, and Secretary of Labor shall periodically, but not less frequently than once every 2 years, implement improvements to the training programs on human trafficking for employees of the Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, and Department of Labor, respectively, after consultation with survivors of human trafficking, or trafficking victims service providers, and Federal law enforcement agencies responsible for the prevention, deterrence, and prosecution of offenses involving human trafficking (such as individuals serving as, or who have served as, investigators in a Federal agency and who have expertise in identifying human trafficking victims and investigating human trafficking cases).
(b) Advanced training curriculum
(1) In general
Not later than 1 year after December 21, 2018, the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop an advanced training curriculum, to supplement the basic curriculum for investigative personnel of the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security, respectively, that—
(A) emphasizes a multidisciplinary, collaborative effort by law enforcement officers who provide a broad range of investigation and prosecution options in response to perpetrators, and victim service providers, who offer services and resources for victims;
(B) provides guidance about the recruitment techniques employed by human traffickers to clarify that an individual who knowingly solicits or patronizes a commercial sex act from a person who was a minor (consistent with section 1591(c) of title 18) or was subject to force, fraud, or coercion is guilty of an offense under chapter 77 of title 18 and is a party to a human trafficking offense; and
(C) explains that—
(i) victims of sex or labor trafficking often engage in criminal acts as a direct result of severe trafficking in persons and such individuals are victims of a crime and affirmative measures should be taken to avoid arresting, charging, or prosecuting such individuals for any offense that is the direct result of their victimization; and
(ii) a comprehensive approach to eliminating human trafficking should include demand reduction as a component.
(2) Use of curriculum
The Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide training using the curriculum developed under paragraph (1) to—
(A) all law enforcement officers employed by the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security, respectively, who may be involved in the investigation of human trafficking offenses; and
(B) members of task forces that participate in the investigation of human trafficking offenses.
(Pub. L. 115–393, title V, § 501, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5275.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section is comprised of section 501 of Pub. L. 115–393. Subsec. (c) of section 501 of Pub. L. 115–393 amended section 7105 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
34 U.S.C. § 20710 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20710. Education and outreach to trafficking survivors
The Attorney General shall make available, on the website of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, a database for trafficking victim advocates, crisis hotline personnel, foster parents, law enforcement personnel, and crime survivors that contains information on—
(1) counseling and hotline resources;
(2) housing resources;
(3) legal assistance; and
(4) other services for trafficking survivors.
(Pub. L. 114–22, title I, § 119, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 247.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified as a note under section 5611 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20901 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20901. Declaration of purpose
In order to protect the public from sex offenders and offenders against children, and in response to the vicious attacks by violent predators against the victims listed below, Congress in this chapter establishes a comprehensive national system for the registration of those offenders:
(1) Jacob Wetterling, who was 11 years old, was abducted in 1989 in Minnesota, and remains missing.
(2) Megan Nicole Kanka, who was 7 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 1994, in New Jersey.
(3) Pam Lychner, who was 31 years old, was attacked by a career offender in Houston, Texas.
(4) Jetseta Gage, who was 10 years old, was kidnapped, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 2005, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
(5) Dru Sjodin, who was 22 years old, was sexually assaulted and murdered in 2003, in North Dakota.
(6) Jessica Lunsford, who was 9 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, buried alive, and murdered in 2005, in Homosassa, Florida.
(7) Sarah Lunde, who was 13 years old, was strangled and murdered in 2005, in Ruskin, Florida.
(8) Amie Zyla, who was 8 years old, was sexually assaulted in 1996 by a juvenile offender in Waukesha, Wisconsin, and has become an advocate for child victims and protection of children from juvenile sex offenders.
(9) Christy Ann Fornoff, who was 13 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 1984, in Tempe, Arizona.
(10) Alexandra Nicole Zapp, who was 30 years old, was brutally attacked and murdered in a public restroom by a repeat sex offender in 2002, in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
(11) Polly Klaas, who was 12 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 1993 by a career offender in California.
(12) Jimmy Ryce, who was 9 years old, was kidnapped and murdered in Florida on September 11, 1995.
(13) Carlie Brucia, who was 11 years old, was abducted and murdered in Florida in February, 2004.
(14) Amanda Brown, who was 7 years old, was abducted and murdered in Florida in 1998.
(15) Elizabeth Smart, who was 14 years old, was abducted in Salt Lake City, Utah in June 2002.
(16) Molly Bish, who was 16 years old, was abducted in 2000 while working as a lifeguard in Warren, Massachusetts, where her remains were found 3 years later.
(17) Samantha Runnion, who was 5 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in California on July 15, 2002.
(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 102, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 590.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 109–248, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 587, known as the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 16901 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20902 (CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT)
§ 20902. Establishment of program
This chapter establishes the Jacob Wetterling, Megan Nicole Kanka, and Pam Lychner Sex Offender Registration and Notification Program.
(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 103, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 591.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 109–248, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 587, known as the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 16902 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.