dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 16277 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16277. High-performance computation and supportive research
(a) Modeling and simulation
The Secretary shall carry out a program to enhance the capabilities of the United States to develop new reactor technologies through high-performance computation modeling and simulation techniques.
(b) Coordination
In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant Federal agencies as described by the National Strategic Computing Initiative established by Executive Order 13702 (80 Fed. Reg. 46177 (July 29, 2015)), while taking into account the following objectives:
(1) Using expertise from the private sector, institutions of higher education, and the National Laboratories to develop computational software and capabilities that prospective users may access to accelerate research and development of advanced nuclear reactor systems and reactor systems for space exploration.
(2) Developing computational tools to simulate and predict nuclear phenomena that may be validated through physical experimentation.
(3) Increasing the utility of the research infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program within the Office of Science.
(4) Leveraging experience from the Energy Innovation Hub for Modeling and Simulation.
(5) Ensuring that new experimental and computational tools are accessible to relevant research communities, including private sector entities engaged in nuclear energy technology development.
(c) Supportive research activities
The Secretary shall consider support for additional research activities to maximize the utility of the research facilities of the Department, including physical processes—
(1) to simulate degradation of materials and behavior of fuel forms; and
(2) for validation of computational tools.
(d) Duplication
The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of the program under subsection (a) with the activities of—
(1) other research entities of the Department, including the National Laboratories, the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, and the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program; and
(2) industry.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 957, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 888; Pub. L. 115–248, § 2(g), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3157; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, § 2004, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2470.)
heading: References in Text
text: Executive Order 13702, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out as a note under section 5501 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
heading: Amendments
text: 2020—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260 added subsec. (d).
2018—Pub. L. 115–248 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to survey and plan regarding alternatives to industrial radioactive sources.
42 U.S.C. § 16279 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16279. Budget plan
(a) In general
Not later than 1 year after September 28, 2018, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 2 alternative 10-year budget plans for civilian nuclear energy research and development by the Secretary, as described in subsections (b) through (d).
(b) Budget plan alternative 1
One of the budget plans submitted under subsection (a) shall assume constant annual funding for 10 years at the appropriated level for the current fiscal year for the civilian nuclear energy research and development of the Department.
(c) Budget plan alternative 2
One of the budget plans submitted under subsection (a) shall be an unconstrained budget.
(d) Inclusions
Each alternative budget plan submitted under subsection (a) shall include—
(1) a prioritized list of the programs, projects, and activities of the Department to best support the development of advanced nuclear reactor technologies;
(2) realistic budget requirements for the Department to implement sections 16275(c), 16277, and 16278 of this title;
(3) the justification of the Department for continuing or terminating existing civilian nuclear energy research and development programs; and
(4) a description of the progress made under the programs described in section 16279a of this title.
(e) Updates
Not less frequently than once every 2 years, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate updated 10-year budget plans which shall identify, and provide a justification for, any major deviation from a previous budget plan submitted under this section.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 959, as added Pub. L. 115–248, § 2(i), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3160; amended Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, § 2005, 134 Stat. 2470.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2020—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2005(1), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “One of the budget plans submitted under subsection (a) shall assume constant annual funding for 10 years at the appropriated level for the civilian nuclear energy research and development of the Department for fiscal year 2016.”
Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2005(2)–(4), added par. (4).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2005(5), added subsec. (e).
42 U.S.C. § 16279b (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16279b. International nuclear energy cooperation
The Secretary shall carry out a program—
(1) to collaborate in international efforts with respect to research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of nuclear technology that supports diplomatic, financing, nonproliferation, climate, and international economic objectives for the safe, secure, and peaceful use of such technology; and
(2) to develop collaboration initiatives with respect to such efforts with a variety of countries through—
(A) preparations for research and development agreements;
(B) the development of coordinated action plans; and
(C) new or existing multilateral cooperation commitments including—
(i) the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation;
(ii) the Generation IV International Forum;
(iii) the International Atomic Energy Agency;
(iv) the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency; and
(v) any other international collaborative effort with respect to advanced nuclear reactor operations and safety.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 959B, as added Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, § 2003(h)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2470.)
42 U.S.C. § 16279c (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16279c. Organization and administration of programs
(a) Coordination
In carrying out this part, the Secretary shall coordinate activities, and effectively manage crosscutting research priorities across programs of the Department and other relevant Federal agencies, including the National Laboratories.
(b) Collaboration
(1) In general
In carrying out this part, the Secretary shall collaborate with industry, National Laboratories, other relevant Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, including minority-serving institutions and research reactors, Tribal entities, including Alaska Native Corporations, and international bodies with relevant scientific and technical expertise.
(2) Participation
To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall encourage research projects that promote collaboration between entities specified in paragraph (1).
(c) Dissemination of results and public availability
The Secretary shall, except to the extent protected from disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, publish the results of projects supported under this part through Department websites, reports, databases, training materials, and industry conferences, including information discovered after the completion of such projects.
(d) Education and outreach
In carrying out the activities described in this part, the Secretary shall support education and outreach activities to disseminate information and promote public understanding of nuclear energy.
(e) Technical assistance
In carrying out this part, for the purposes of supporting technical, nonhardware, and information-based advances in nuclear energy development and operations, the Secretary shall also conduct technical assistance and analysis activities, including activities that support commercial application of nuclear energy in rural, Tribal, and low-income communities.
(f) Program review
At least annually, all programs in this part shall be subject to an annual review by the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee of the Department or other independent entity, as appropriate.
(g) Sensitive information
The Secretary shall not publish any information generated under this part that is detrimental to national security, as determined by the Secretary.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 959C, as added Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, § 2006(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2471.)
42 U.S.C. § 16298 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16298. Carbon utilization program
(a) In general
The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall carry out a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercialization relating to carbon utilization.
(b) Activities
Under the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
(1) assess and monitor—
(A) potential changes in lifecycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and
(B) other environmental safety indicators of new technologies, practices, processes, or methods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part of the activities authorized under section 16293 of this title;
(2) identify and evaluate novel uses for carbon (including conversion of carbon oxides) that, on a full lifecycle basis, achieve a permanent reduction, or avoidance of a net increase, in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, for use in commercial and industrial products such as—
(A) chemicals;
(B) plastics;
(C) building materials;
(D) fuels;
(E) cement;
(F) products of coal utilization in power systems or in other applications; and
(G) other products with demonstrated market value;
(3) identify and assess carbon capture technologies for industrial systems; and
(4) identify and assess alternative uses for coal that result in zero net emissions of carbon dioxide or other pollutants, including products derived from carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion methods.
(c) Prioritization
In supporting demonstration and commercialization research under the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall prioritize consideration of projects that—
(1) have access to a carbon dioxide emissions stream generated by a stationary source in the United States that is capable of supplying not less than 250 metric tons per day of carbon dioxide for research;
(2) have access to equipment for testing small-scale carbon dioxide utilization technologies, with onsite access to larger test bays for scale-up; and
(3) have 1 or more existing partnerships with a National Laboratory, an institution of higher education, a private company, or a State or other government entity.
(d) Coordination
The Secretary shall coordinate the activities authorized under this section with the activities authorized in section 16298a of this title as part of a single consolidated program of the Department.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000, to remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 969, as added Pub. L. 116–260, div. S, § 102(c)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2247.)
42 U.S.C. § 16391a (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16391a. Technology transfer reports and evaluation
(a) Annual report
As part of the updated technology transfer execution plan required each year under section 16391(h)(2) of this title, the Secretary of Energy (in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the progress and implementation of programs established under sections 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, and 9005 of this Act.
(b) Evaluation
Not later than 3 years after December 27, 2020, and every 3 years thereafter the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate an evaluation on the extent to which programs established under sections 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, and 9005 of this Act are achieving success based on relevant short-term and long-term metrics.
(c) Report on technology transfer gaps
Not later than 3 years after December 27, 2020, the Secretary shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine to submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on programmatic gaps that exist to advance the commercial application of technologies developed at the National Laboratories (as defined in section 15801(3) of this title).
(Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title IX, § 9007, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2600.)
heading: References in Text
text: Sections 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, and 9005 of this Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), are sections 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, and 9005 of div. Z of Pub. L. 116–260, known as the Energy Act of 2020. Sections 9001 and 9003 of the Act amended section 16391 of this title. Section 9002 of the Act enacted provisions set out as a note under section 16391 of this title. Section 9004 of the Act amended section 16396 of this title. Section 9005 of the Act enacted section 7256c of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Energy Act of 2020, and not as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 16514 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16514. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to provide the cost of guarantees under this subchapter.
(b) Use of other appropriated funds
The Department may use amounts awarded under the Clean Coal Power Initiative to carry out the project described in section 16513(c)(1)(C) of this title, on the request of the recipient of such award, for a loan guarantee, to the extent that the amounts have not yet been disbursed to, or have been repaid by, the recipient.
(c) Administrative and other expenses
There are authorized to be appropriated—
(1) $32,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 to carry out this subchapter; and
(2) for fiscal year 2021, in addition to amounts authorized under paragraph (1), $25,000,000, to remain available until expended, for administrative expenses described in section 16512(h)(1) of this title that are not covered by fees collected pursuant to section 16512(h) of this title.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title XVII, § 1704, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1122; Pub. L. 109–168, § 1(b)(2), Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3580; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title IX, § 9010(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2606.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2020—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260 added subsec. (c).
2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–168 substituted “Clean Coal Power Initiative” for “clean coal power initiative under part A of subchapter IV”.
42 U.S.C. § 17115 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17115. Technical assistance program to implement industrial emissions reduction
(a) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Eligible entity
The term “eligible entity” means—
(A) a State;
(B) a unit of local government;
(C) a territory or possession of the United States;
(D) a relevant State or local office, including an energy office;
(E) a tribal organization (as defined in section 3765 of title 38);
(F) an institution of higher education; and 1
(G) a private entity; and
(H) a trade association or technical society.
(2) Emissions reduction
The term “emissions reduction” has the meaning given the term in section 17113(a) of this title.
(3) Program
The term “program” means the program established under subsection (b).
(b) Establishment
Not later than 1 year after December 27, 2020, the Secretary shall establish a program to provide technical assistance to eligible entities to promote the commercial application of emission reduction technologies developed through the program established in section 17113(b) of this title.
(c) Applications
(1) In general
An eligible entity desiring technical assistance under the program shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(2) Application process
The Secretary shall seek applications for technical assistance under the program on a periodic basis, but not less frequently than once every 12 months.
(3) Factors for consideration
In selecting eligible entities for technical assistance under the program, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable—
(A) give priority to—
(i) activities carried out with technical assistance under the program that have the greatest potential for achieving emissions reduction in nonpower industrial sectors;
(ii) activities carried out in a State in which there are active or inactive industrial facilities that may be used or retrofitted to carry out activities under the focus areas described in section 17113(c) of this title; and
(iii) activities carried out in an economically distressed area (as described in section 3161(a) of this title); and
(B) ensure that—
(i) there is geographic diversity among the eligible entities selected; and
(ii) the activities carried out with technical assistance under the program reflect a majority of the focus areas described in section 17113(c) of this title.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title IV, § 456, as added Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title VI, § 6005(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2559.)
(THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 17174, 17175. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title III, § 3006(g)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2513
text: Section 17174, Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 606, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1676, related to solar air conditioning research and development program.
text: Section 17175, Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 607, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1677, related to photovoltaic demonstration program.
42 U.S.C. § 17191 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17191. Definitions
For purposes of this part:
(1) Engineered
When referring to enhanced geothermal systems, the term “engineered” means designed to access subsurface heat, including stimulation and nonstimulation technologies to address one or more of the following issues:
(A) Lack of effective permeability, porosity or open fracture connectivity within the heat reservoir.
(B) Insufficient contained geofluid in the heat reservoir.
(C) A low average geothermal gradient which necessitates deeper drilling, or the use of alternative heat sources or heat generation processes.
(2) Eligible entity
The term “eligible entity” means any of the following entities:
(A) An institution of higher education.
(B) A National laboratory.
(C) A Federal research agency.
(D) A State research agency.
(E) A nonprofit research organization.
(F) An industrial entity.
(G) A consortium of 2 or more entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
(3) Enhanced geothermal systems
The term “enhanced geothermal systems” means geothermal reservoir systems that are engineered, as opposed to occurring naturally.
(4) Geofluid
The term “geofluid” means any fluid used to extract thermal energy from the Earth which is transported to the surface for direct use or electric power generation, except that such term shall not include oil or natural gas.
(5) Geopressured resources
The term “geopressured resources” mean geothermal deposits found in sedimentary rocks under higher than normal pressure and saturated with gas or methane.
(6) Geothermal
The term “geothermal” refers to heat energy stored in the Earth’s crust that can be accessed for direct use or electric power generation.
(7) Hydrothermal
The term “hydrothermal” refers to naturally occurring subsurface reservoirs of hot water or steam.
(8) Systems approach
The term “systems approach” means an approach to solving problems or designing systems that attempts to optimize the performance of the overall system, rather than a particular component of the system.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 612, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1679; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title III, § 3002(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2487.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2020—Par. (1). Pub. L. 116–260, § 3002(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) defined the term“engineered”.
Pars. (2) to (8). Pub. L. 116–260, § 3002(a)(2), (3), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) to (7) as (3) to (8), respectively.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as a note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.
heading: Short Title
text: This part known as the “Advanced Geothermal Energy Research and Development Act of 2007”, see Short Title note set out under section 17001 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 17192 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17192. Hydrothermal research and development
(a) In general
The Secretary shall carry out a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for geothermal energy production from hydrothermal systems.
(b) Programs
The program authorized in subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) Advanced hydrothermal resource tools
The research and development of advanced geologic tools to assist in locating hydrothermal resources, and to increase the reliability of site characterization, including the development of new imaging and sensing technologies and techniques to assist in prioritization of targets for characterization;
(2) Exploratory drilling for geothermal resources
The demonstration of advanced technologies and techniques of siting and exploratory drilling for undiscovered resources in a variety of geologic settings, carried out in collaboration with industry partners that will assist in the acquisition of high quality data sets relevant for hydrothermal subsurface characterization activities.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 613, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1679; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title III, § 3002(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2487.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to hydrothermal research and development.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as a note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.