dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
18 U.S.C. § 1821 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1821. Transportation of dentures
Whoever transports by mail or otherwise to or within the District of Columbia or any Possession of the United States or uses the mails or any instrumentality of interstate commerce for the purpose of sending or bringing into any State or Territory any set of artificial teeth or prosthetic dental appliance or other denture, constructed from any cast or impression made by any person other than, or without the authorization or prescription of, a person licensed to practice dentistry under the laws of the place into which such denture is sent or brought, where such laws prohibit;
(1) the taking of impressions or casts of the human mouth or teeth by a person not licensed under such laws to practice dentistry;
(2) the construction or supply of dentures by a person other than, or without the authorization or prescription of, a person licensed under such laws to practice dentistry; or
(3) the construction or supply of dentures from impressions or casts made by a person not licensed under such laws to practice dentistry—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 786; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4004(c), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1812.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 420f, 420g, and 420h (Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 823, §§ 1, 2, 3, 56 Stat. 1087).
This section consolidates the offense, penalty, and definitive provisions of sections 420f, 420g, and 420h of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., as subsections (a) and (b).
The definition of “denture” was omitted as unnecessary in view of the phraseology of the revised section, the context of which makes clear the meaning of dentures referred to.
The definition of “Territory” was omitted as unnecessary. The revised section makes clear the places included in the application of the section without the use of definitions.
The definition of “Interstate Commerce” was likewise omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of interstate commerce in section 10 of this title.
Changes of phraseology and arrangement were made, but without change of substance.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–273 struck out “, the Canal Zone” after “the District of Columbia” in first par.
1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in last par.
18 U.S.C. § 1831 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1831. Economic espionage
(a) In General.—
Whoever, intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent, knowingly—
(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception obtains a trade secret;
(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, communicates, or conveys a trade secret;
(3) receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization;
(4) attempts to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3); or
(5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3), and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy,
shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined not more than $5,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
(b) Organizations.—
Any organization that commits any offense described in subsection (a) shall be fined not more than the greater of $10,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided.
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3488; amended Pub. L. 112–269, § 2, Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2442.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–269, § 2(a), substituted “not more than $5,000,000” for “not more than $500,000” in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–269, § 2(b), substituted “not more than the greater of $10,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided” for “not more than $10,000,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 1832 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1832. Theft of trade secrets
(a) Whoever, with intent to convert a trade secret, that is related to a product or service used in or intended for use in interstate or foreign commerce, to the economic benefit of anyone other than the owner thereof, and intending or knowing that the offense will, injure any owner of that trade secret, knowingly—
(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception obtains such information;
(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, communicates, or conveys such information;
(3) receives, buys, or possesses such information, knowing the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization;
(4) attempts to commit any offense described in paragraphs (1) through (3); or
(5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit any offense described in paragraphs (1) through (3), and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy,
shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
(b) Any organization that commits any offense described in subsection (a) shall be fined not more than the greater of $5,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided.
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3489; amended Pub. L. 112–236, § 2, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1627; Pub. L. 114–153, § 3(a)(1), May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 382.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–153 substituted “the greater of $5,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided” for “$5,000,000”.
2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–236 substituted “a product or service used in or intended for use in” for “or included in a product that is produced for or placed in” in introductory provisions.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Report on Theft of Trade Secrets Occurring Abroad
text: Pub. L. 114–153, § 4, May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 382, which requires biannual reports on the theft of trade secrets of United States companies occurring outside of the United States, was editorially reclassified as section 41310 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
18 U.S.C. § 1834 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1834. Criminal forfeiture
Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution relating to this chapter shall be subject to section 2323, to the extent provided in that section, in addition to any other similar remedies provided by law.
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3489; amended Pub. L. 110–403, title II, § 207, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4263.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pub. L. 110–403 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to forfeiture of property either derived from or used to commit a violation of this chapter.
18 U.S.C. § 1835 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1835. Orders to preserve confidentiality
(a) In General.—
In any prosecution or other proceeding under this chapter, the court shall enter such orders and take such other action as may be necessary and appropriate to preserve the confidentiality of trade secrets, consistent with the requirements of the Federal Rules of Criminal and Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Evidence, and all other applicable laws. An interlocutory appeal by the United States shall lie from a decision or order of a district court authorizing or directing the disclosure of any trade secret.
(b) Rights of Trade Secret Owners.—
The court may not authorize or direct the disclosure of any information the owner asserts to be a trade secret unless the court allows the owner the opportunity to file a submission under seal that describes the interest of the owner in keeping the information confidential. No submission under seal made under this subsection may be used in a prosecution under this chapter for any purpose other than those set forth in this section, or otherwise required by law. The provision of information relating to a trade secret to the United States or the court in connection with a prosecution under this chapter shall not constitute a waiver of trade secret protection, and the disclosure of information relating to a trade secret in connection with a prosecution under this chapter shall not constitute a waiver of trade secret protection unless the trade secret owner expressly consents to such waiver.
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3490; amended Pub. L. 114–153, § 3(a)(2), May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 382.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
The Federal Rules of Evidence, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28.
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Pub. L. 114–153 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
18 U.S.C. § 1838 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1838. Construction with other laws
Except as provided in section 1833(b), this chapter shall not be construed to preempt or displace any other remedies, whether civil or criminal, provided by United States Federal, State, commonwealth, possession, or territory law for the misappropriation of a trade secret, or to affect the otherwise lawful disclosure of information by any Government employee under section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act).
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3490; amended Pub. L. 114–153, § 7(b), May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 385.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Pub. L. 114–153 substituted “Except as provided in section 1833(b), this chapter” for “This chapter”.
18 U.S.C. § 1851 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1851. Coal depredations
Whoever mines or removes coal of any character, whether anthracite, bituminous, or lignite, from beds or deposits in lands of, or reserved to the United States, with intent wrongfully to appropriate, sell, or dispose of the same, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
This section shall not interfere with any right or privilege conferred by existing laws of the United States.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 787; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 103a, 103b (July 3, 1926, ch. 780, §§ 1, 2, 44 Stat. 891).
Section consolidates sections 103a and 103b of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed.
Words “deemed guilty of misdemeanor” were deleted as unnecessary in view of definitive section 1 of this title. (See also reviser’s note under section 212 of this title.)
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in first par.
18 U.S.C. § 1852 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1852. Timber removed or transported
Whoever cuts, or wantonly destroys any timber growing on the public lands of the United States; or
Whoever removes any timber from said public lands, with intent to export or to dispose of the same; or
Whoever, being the owner, master, pilot, operator, or consignee of any vessel, motor vehicle, or aircraft or the owner, director, or agent of any railroad, knowingly transports any timber so cut or removed from said lands, or lumber manufactured therefrom—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
This section shall not prevent any miner or agriculturist from clearing his land in the ordinary working of his mining claim, or in the preparation of his farm for tillage, or from taking the timber necessary to support his improvements, or the taking of timber for the use of the United States; nor shall it interfere with or take away any right or privilege under any existing law of the United States to cut or remove timber from any public lands.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 787; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 103 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 49, 35 Stat. 1098).
Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title.
Words “motor vehicle or aircraft” were inserted in third paragraph to remove any doubt as to scope of section in view of rapidly advancing methods of transportation.
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in fourth par.
18 U.S.C. § 1853 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1853. Trees cut or injured
Whoever unlawfully cuts, or wantonly injures or destroys any tree growing, standing, or being upon any land of the United States which, in pursuance of law, has been reserved or purchased by the United States for any public use, or upon any Indian reservation, or lands belonging to or occupied by any tribe of Indians under the authority of the United States, or any Indian allotment while the title to the same shall be held in trust by the Government, or while the same shall remain inalienable by the allottee without the consent of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 787; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 104 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 50, 35 Stat. 1098; June 25, 1910, ch. 431, § 6, 36 Stat. 857).
Reference to persons aiding or procuring was deleted as unnecessary since such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Maximum fine was increased from $500 to $1,000 to conform to other comparable sections of this chapter. (See sections 1851 and 1852 of this title.)
Minor changes were also made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 1854 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1854. Trees boxed for pitch or turpentine
Whoever cuts, chips, chops, or boxes any tree upon any lands belonging to the United States, or upon any lands covered by or embraced in any unperfected settlement, application, filing, entry, selection, or location, made under any law of the United States, for the purpose of obtaining from such tree any pitch, turpentine, or other substance; or
Whoever buys, trades for, or in any manner acquires any pitch, turpentine, or other substance, or any article or commodity made from any such pitch, turpentine, or other substance, with knowledge that the same has been so unlawfully obtained—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 105 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 51, 35 Stat. 1098).
Reference to persons aiding, encouraging, or causing was deleted as unnecessary since such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Maximum fine was increased from $500 to $1,000 to conform to other comparable sections of this chapter. (See sections 1851 and 1852 of this title.)
Minor changes also were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in last par.
18 U.S.C. § 1855 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1855. Timber set afire
Whoever, willfully and without authority, sets on fire any timber, underbrush, or grass or other inflammable material upon the public domain or upon any lands owned or leased by or under the partial, concurrent, or exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, or under contract for purchase or for the acquisition of which condemnation proceedings have been instituted, or upon any Indian reservation or lands belonging to or occupied by any tribe or group of Indians under authority of the United States, or upon any Indian allotment while the title to the same shall be held in trust by the Government, or while the same shall remain inalienable by the allottee without the consent of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
This section shall not apply in the case of a fire set by an allottee in the reasonable exercise of his proprietary rights in the allotment.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6254(j), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4368.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 106 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 52, 35 Stat. 1098; Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 472, § 1, 55 Stat. 763).
Surplus verbiage and unnecessary enumerations were omitted.
Words “without authority” were inserted near beginning of section so as to remove any doubt as to scope or meaning of section.
Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title.
Minor verbal changes were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “under this title” for “not more than $5,000” in first par.
18 U.S.C. § 1856 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1856. Fires left unattended and unextinguished
Whoever, having kindled or caused to be kindled, a fire in or near any forest, timber, or other inflammable material upon any lands owned, controlled or leased by, or under the partial, concurrent, or exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, including lands under contract for purchase or for the acquisition of which condemnation proceedings have been instituted, and including any Indian reservation or lands belonging to or occupied by any tribe or group of Indians under the authority of the United States, or any Indian allotment while the title to the same is held in trust by the United States, or while the same shall remain inalienable by the allottee without the consent of the United States, leaves said fire without totally extinguishing the same, or permits or suffers said fire to burn or spread beyond his control, or leaves or suffers said fire to burn unattended, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 107 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 53, 35 Stat. 1908; June 25, 1910, ch. 431, § 6, 36 Stat. 857; Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 472, § 2, 55 Stat. 764).
Words “without hard labor” which followed “six months” and preceded “or both” were omitted as unnecessary. (See reviser’s note under section 1 of this title.)
Enumeration of applicable condemnation statutes was deleted and section extended and made applicable to all lands in process of condemnation by the government. This does no violence to the intent of Congress and clarifies the section considerably.
Other changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”.
18 U.S.C. § 1857 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1857. Fences destroyed; livestock entering
Whoever knowingly and unlawfully breaks, opens, or destroys any gate, fence, hedge, or wall inclosing any lands of the United States reserved or purchased for any public use; or
Whoever drives any cattle, horses, hogs, or other livestock upon any such lands for the purposes of destroying the grass or trees on said lands, or where they may destroy the said grass or trees; or
Whoever knowingly permits his cattle, horses, hogs, or other livestock to enter through any such inclosure upon any such lands of the United States, where such cattle, horses, hogs, or other livestock may or can destroy the grass or trees or other property of the United States on the said lands—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
This section shall not apply to unreserved public lands.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 111 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 56, 35 Stat. 1099).
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500” in fourth par.
18 U.S.C. § 1858 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1858. Survey marks destroyed or removed
Whoever willfully destroys, defaces, changes, or removes to another place any section corner, quarter-section corner, or meander post, on any Government line of survey, or willfully cuts down any witness tree or any tree blazed to mark the line of a Government survey, or willfully defaces, changes, or removes any monument or bench mark of any Government survey, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 789; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(E), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2146.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 111 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 57, 35 Stat. 1099).
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $250”.