dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
18 U.S.C. § 336 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 336. Issuance of circulating obligations of less than $1
Whoever makes, issues, circulates, or pays out any note, check, memorandum, token, or other obligation for a less sum than $1, intended to circulate as money or to be received or used in lieu of lawful money of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 701; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 293 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 178, 35 Stat. 1122).
Numerous suggestions, of which that of Mr. E. M. Million, of Arlington, Va., is typical, recommend that this section be omitted as obsolete or revised to except commercial obligations. However, since the decisions make it plain that only obligations intended to circulate as money are within the provisions of this section and that commercial checks of less than $1 are not affected, there seems no reason so to rewrite the section. (See U.S. v. Monongahela Bridge Co., Fed. Cas. No. 15,796; Stettinius v. U.S., Fed. Cas. No. 13,387.)
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”.
18 U.S.C. § 337 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 337. Coins as security for loans
Whoever lends or borrows money or credit upon the security of such coins of the United States as the Secretary of the Treasury may from time to time designate by proclamation published in the Federal Register, during any period designated in such a proclamation, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(Added Pub. L. 89–81, title II, § 212(a), July 23, 1965, 79 Stat. 257; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 89–81, title II, § 212(c), July 23, 1965, 79 Stat. 257, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply only with respect to loans made, renewed, or increased on or after the 31st day after the date of enactment of this Act [July 23, 1965].”
18 U.S.C. § 341 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 341. Definitions
As used in this chapter, the term “common carrier” means a locomotive, a rail carrier, a sleeping car carrier, a bus transporting passengers in interstate commerce, a water common carrier, and an air common carrier.
(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1971(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–59; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6482(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4382.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 inserted “locomotive, a” after “means a”.
18 U.S.C. § 342 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 342. Operation of a common carrier under the influence of alcohol or drugs
Whoever operates or directs the operation of a common carrier while under the influence of alcohol or any controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802)), shall be imprisoned not more than fifteen years or fined under this title, or both.
(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1971(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–59; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §§ 6473(a), (b), 6482(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4379, 4382.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “any controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802))” for “drugs”, “fifteen” for “five”, and “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 343 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 343. Presumptions
For purposes of this chapter—
(1) an individual with a blood alcohol content of .10 percent or more shall be presumed to be under the influence of alcohol; and
(2) an individual shall be presumed to be under the influence of drugs if the quantity of the drug in the system of the individual would be sufficient to impair the perception, mental processes, or motor functions of the average individual.
(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1971(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–59; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6473(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4379.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–690, § 6473(c)(1), substituted “.10 percent” for “.10” and struck out “conclusively” after “shall be”.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 100–690, § 6473(c)(2), struck out “conclusively” after “shall be”.
18 U.S.C. § 372 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 372. Conspiracy to impede or injure officer
If two or more persons in any State, Territory, Possession, or District conspire to prevent, by force, intimidation, or threat, any person from accepting or holding any office, trust, or place of confidence under the United States, or from discharging any duties thereof, or to induce by like means any officer of the United States to leave the place, where his duties as an officer are required to be performed, or to injure him in his person or property on account of his lawful discharge of the duties of his office, or while engaged in the lawful discharge thereof, or to injure his property so as to molest, interrupt, hinder, or impede him in the discharge of his official duties, each of such persons shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 701; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(d)(1)(D), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1809.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 54 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 21, 35 Stat. 1092).
Scope of section was enlarged to cover all possessions of the United States. When the section was first enacted in 1861 there were no possessions, and hence the use of the words “State or Territory” was sufficient to describe the area then subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The word “District” was inserted by the codifiers of the 1909 Criminal Code.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–273 substituted “under this title” for “not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 373 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 373. Solicitation to commit a crime of violence
(a) Whoever, with intent that another person engage in conduct constituting a felony that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against property or against the person of another in violation of the laws of the United States, and under circumstances strongly corroborative of that intent, solicits, commands, induces, or otherwise endeavors to persuade such other person to engage in such conduct, shall be imprisoned not more than one-half the maximum term of imprisonment or (notwithstanding section 3571) fined not more than one-half of the maximum fine prescribed for the punishment of the crime solicited, or both; or if the crime solicited is punishable by life imprisonment or death, shall be imprisoned for not more than twenty years.
(b) It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution under this section that, under circumstances manifesting a voluntary and complete renunciation of his criminal intent, the defendant prevented the commission of the crime solicited. A renunciation is not “voluntary and complete” if it is motivated in whole or in part by a decision to postpone the commission of the crime until another time or to substitute another victim or another but similar objective. If the defendant raises the affirmative defense at trial, the defendant has the burden of proving the defense by a preponderance of the evidence.
(c) It is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the person solicited could not be convicted of the crime because he lacked the state of mind required for its commission, because he was incompetent or irresponsible, or because he is immune from prosecution or is not subject to prosecution.
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1003(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2138; amended Pub. L. 99–646, § 26, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3597; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(2)(A), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2148.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 inserted “(notwithstanding section 3571)” before “fined not more than one-half”.
1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–646 substituted “property or against the person of another” for “the person or property of another” and inserted “life imprisonment or” before “death”.
18 U.S.C. § 401 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 401. Power of court
A court of the United States shall have power to punish by fine or imprisonment, or both, at its discretion, such contempt of its authority, and none other, as—
(1) Misbehavior of any person in its presence or so near thereto as to obstruct the administration of justice;
(2) Misbehavior of any of its officers in their official transactions;
(3) Disobedience or resistance to its lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 701; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title III, § 3002(a)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1805.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on section 385 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Judicial Code and Judiciary (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 268, 36 Stat. 1163).
Said section 385 conferred two powers. The first part authorizing courts of the United States to impose and administer oaths will remain in title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Judicial Code and Judiciary. The second part relating to contempt of court constitutes this section.
Changes in phraseology and arrangement were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–273 inserted “or both,” after “fine or imprisonment,” in introductory provisions.
18 U.S.C. § 431 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 431. Contracts by Member of Congress
Whoever, being a Member of or Delegate to Congress, or a Resident Commissioner, either before or after he has qualified, directly or indirectly, himself, or by any other person in trust for him, or for his use or benefit, or on his account, undertakes, executes, holds, or enjoys, in whole or in part, any contract or agreement, made or entered into in behalf of the United States or any agency thereof, by any officer or person authorized to make contracts on its behalf, shall be fined under this title.
All contracts or agreements made in violation of this section shall be void; and whenever any sum of money is advanced by the United States or any agency thereof, in consideration of any such contract or agreement, it shall forthwith be repaid; and in case of failure or refusal to repay the same when demanded by the proper officer of the department or agency under whose authority such contract or agreement shall have been made or entered into, suit shall at once be brought against the person so failing or refusing and his sureties for the recovery of the money so advanced.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 702; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 19, 65 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(J), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 204 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 114, 35 Stat. 1109).
Word “agency” was inserted in three places to eliminate any ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definition of department or agency under section 6 of this title.)
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $3,000” in first par.
1951—Act Oct. 31, 1951, struck out “; exceptions”, after “Congress” in section catchline.
18 U.S.C. § 432 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 432. Officer or employee contracting with Member of Congress
Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States, on behalf of the United States or any agency thereof, directly or indirectly makes or enters into any contract, bargain, or agreement, with any Member of or Delegate to Congress, or any Resident Commissioner, either before or after he has qualified, shall be fined under this title.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(J), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 205 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 115, 35 Stat. 1109).
Words “agency” and “employee” were inserted to eliminate any ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definition of agency under section 6 of this title.)
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $3,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 434 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
[§ 434. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–849, § 2, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1126]
text: Section, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703, related to interested persons acting as Government agents. Section was supplanted by section 208 of this title.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective 90 days after Oct. 23, 1962, see section 4 of Pub. L. 87–849, set out as an Effective Date note under section 201 of this title.
18 U.S.C. § 435 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 435. Contracts in excess of specific appropriation
Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States, knowingly contracts for the erection, repair, or furnishing of any public building, or for any public improvement, to pay a larger amount than the specific sum appropriated for such purpose, shall be fined under this title 1 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 184 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 98, 35 Stat. 1106).
Words “or employee” were inserted to remove any ambiguity as to scope of section.
The offense described in this section involves no moral turpitude, and therefore the punishment provisions were reduced from $2,000 to $1,000 and from 2 years to 1 year, so that the stigma of a felony would not attach to an offender. (See classification of felony and misdemeanor in section 1 of this title and note thereunder.)
Mandatory punishment provisions were rephrased in the alternative.
Changes were also made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”, was executed by making the substitution for “fined not more than $1,000”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
18 U.S.C. § 436 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 436. Convict labor contracts
Whoever, being an officer, employee, or agent of the United States or any department or agency thereof, contracts with any person or corporation, or permits any warden, agent, or official of any penal or correctional institution, to hire out the labor of any prisoners confined for violation of any laws of the United States, shall be fined under this title 1 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 708, 709 (Feb. 23, 1887, ch. 213, §§ 1, 2, 24 Stat. 411).
This section consolidates sections 708 and 709 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., as the offense and penalty provisions, respectively.
Words “department or agency thereof” were inserted to clarify scope of section. See definition of department and agency in section 6 of this title.
To retain uniformity words “shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and,” were omitted. The reference to misdemeanor is now covered by the definition in section 1 of this title.
Words “on conviction thereof” were omitted as unnecessary since punishment can follow only upon conviction.
The minimum punishment provisions “less than one year nor” and “less than $500 nor” were deleted to conform to the policy followed by codifiers of 1909 Criminal Code. (See reviser’s note under section 203 of this title.)
Changes were also made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”, was executed by making the substitution for “fined not more than $1,000”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
18 U.S.C. § 437 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
[§ 437. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–178, § 1(a), Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1565]
text: Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 703; June 17, 1980, Pub. L. 96–277, § 1, 94 Stat. 544; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), 108 Stat. 2147, related to Federal employees contracting or trading with Indians.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Pub. L. 104–178, § 1(c), Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1565, provided that:
“The repeal made by subsection (a) [repealing this section] shall—
“(1) take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 6, 1996]; and
“(2) apply with respect to any contract obtained, and any purchase or sale occurring, on or after the date of enactment of this Act.”
18 U.S.C. § 440 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 440. Mail contracts
Whoever, being a person employed in the Postal Service, becomes interested in any contract for carrying the mail, or acts as agent, with or without compensation, for any contractor or person offering to become a contractor in any business before the Postal Service, shall be fined under this title 1 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 91–375, § 6(j)(3), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 356 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 226, 35 Stat. 1134).
Provision for dismissal from office was omitted since this might be handled better administratively.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”, was executed by making the substitution for “fined not more than $5,000”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
1970—Pub. L. 91–375 substituted “Postal Service” for “Post Office Department” before “, shall be fined”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service and published by it in the Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.
18 U.S.C. § 441 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 441. Postal supply contracts
No contract for furnishing supplies to the Postal Service shall be made with any person who has entered, or proposed to enter, into any combination to prevent the making of any bid for furnishing such supplies, or to fix a price or prices therefor, or who has made any agreement, or given or performed, or promised to give or perform, any consideration whatever to induce any other person not to bid for any such contract, or to bid at a specified price or prices thereon.
Whoever violates this section shall be fined under this title 1 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and if the offender is a contractor for furnishing such supplies his contract may be annulled.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 91–375, § 6(j)(4), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on section 808 of title 39, U.S.C., 1940 ed., The Postal Service (Aug. 24, 1912, ch. 389, § 2, 37 Stat. 553).
Minimum punishment provisions “less than $100 nor” and “less than three months nor” were omitted to conform to policy followed by codifiers of 1909 Criminal Code.
Changes in phraseology were also made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”, was executed by making the substitution for “fined not more than $5,000” in second par., to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
1970—Pub. L. 91–375 struck out “Post Office Department or the” before “Postal Service”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service and published by it in the Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.
18 U.S.C. § 470 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 470. Counterfeit acts committed outside the United States
A person who, outside the United States, engages in the act of—
(1) making, dealing, or possessing any counterfeit obligation or other security of the United States; or
(2) making, dealing, or possessing any plate, stone, analog, digital, or electronic image, or other thing, or any part thereof, used to counterfeit such obligation or security,
if such act would constitute a violation of section 471, 473, or 474 if committed within the United States, shall be punished as is provided for the like offense within the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title XII, § 120003(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2021; amended Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(a), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56, § 374(a)(2), in concluding provisions, substituted “shall be punished as is provided for the like offense within the United States” for “shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both”.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–56, § 374(a)(1), inserted “analog, digital, or electronic image,” after “plate, stone,”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title of 1992 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1551, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4070, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle E (§§ 1551–1554) of title XV of Pub. L. 102–550, enacting section 474A of this title and amending sections 474 and 504 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Counterfeit Deterrence Act of 1992’.”
heading: Combatting International Counterfeiting of United States Currency
text: Pub. L. 104–132, title VIII, § 807, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1308, which directed the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the advanced counterfeit deterrence steering committee, to study the use and counterfeiting of United States currency abroad, develop an evaluation audit plan, and submit written reports to Congress, ceased to be effective on Apr. 24, 2006.