dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
18 U.S.C. § 471 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 471. Obligations or securities of United States
Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 262 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 148, 35 Stat. 1115).
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “fifteen years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 472 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 472. Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities
Whoever, with intent to defraud, passes, utters, publishes, or sells, or attempts to pass, utter, publish, or sell, or with like intent brings into the United States or keeps in possession or conceals any falsely made, forged, counterfeited, or altered obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 265 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 151, 35 Stat. 1116).
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “fifteen years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 473 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 473. Dealing in counterfeit obligations or securities
Whoever buys, sells, exchanges, transfers, receives, or delivers any false, forged, counterfeited, or altered obligation or other security of the United States, with the intent that the same be passed, published, or used as true and genuine, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(d), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 340.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 268 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 154, 35 Stat. 1117).
Reference to circulating notes of banking associations was omitted as covered by definition of obligation or other security in section 8 of this title.
Changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “ten years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 474A (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 474A. Deterrents to counterfeiting of obligations and securities
(a) Whoever has in his control or possession, after a distinctive paper has been adopted by the Secretary of the Treasury for the obligations and other securities of the United States, any similar paper adapted to the making of any such obligation or other security, except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, is guilty of a class B felony.
(b) Whoever has in his control or possession, after a distinctive counterfeit deterrent has been adopted by the Secretary of the Treasury for the obligations and other securities of the United States by publication in the Federal Register, any essentially identical feature or device adapted to the making of any such obligation or security, except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, is guilty of a class B felony.
(c) As used in this section—
(1) the term “distinctive paper” includes any distinctive medium of which currency is made, whether of wood pulp, rag, plastic substrate, or other natural or artificial fibers or materials; and
(2) the term “distinctive counterfeit deterrent” includes any ink, watermark, seal, security thread, optically variable device, or other feature or device;
(A) in which the United States has an exclusive property interest; or
(B) which is not otherwise in commercial use or in the public domain and which the Secretary designates as being necessary in preventing the counterfeiting of obligations or other securities of the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1553(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4070; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(f) [title VI, § 648(a)], title II, § 2603(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–367, 3009–470.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 104–208, §§ 101(f) [title VI, § 648(a)] and 2603(a), amended section identically, substituting “class B felony” for “class C felony”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and to remain in effect for each fiscal year following Sept. 30, 1996, see section 101(f) [title VI, § 648(c)] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 474 of this title.
18 U.S.C. § 475 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 475. Imitating obligations or securities; advertisements
Whoever designs, engraves, prints, makes, or executes, or utters, issues, distributes, circulates, or uses any business or professional card, notice, placard, circular, handbill, or advertisement in the likeness or similitude of any obligation or security of the United States issued under or authorized by any Act of Congress or writes, prints, or otherwise impresses upon or attaches to any such instrument, obligation, or security, or any coin of the United States, any business or professional card, notice, or advertisement, or any notice or advertisement whatever, shall be fined under this title. Nothing in this section applies to evidence of postage payment approved by the United States Postal Service.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 706; July 16, 1951, ch. 226, § 2, 65 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1192, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3129.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 292 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 177, 35 Stat. 1122).
Enumeration of obligations of the United States was omitted in view of definition in section 8 of this title.
Changes in phraseology were also made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2006—Pub. L. 109–162 inserted at end “Nothing in this section applies to evidence of postage payment approved by the United States Postal Service.”
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”.
1951—Act July 16, 1951, prohibited use of notices or advertising prints or labels on United States coins.
18 U.S.C. § 476 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 476. Taking impressions of tools used for obligations or securities
Whoever, without authority from the United States, takes, procures, or makes an impression, stamp, analog, digital, or electronic image, or imprint of, from or by the use of any tool, implement, instrument, or thing used or fitted or intended to be used in printing, stamping, or impressing, or in making other tools, implements, instruments, or things to be used or fitted or intended to be used in printing, stamping, or impressing any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(f), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 266 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 152, 35 Stat. 1117).
Enumeration of substances on which impressions could be made and enumeration of various kinds of tools to be used were omitted as unnecessary.
Reference to circulating note or evidence of debt was omitted in view of definition of obligations and securities in section 8 of this title.
Changes in phraseology were also made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted “analog, digital, or electronic image,” after “impression, stamp,” and substituted “25 years” for “ten years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 477 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 477. Possessing or selling impressions of tools used for obligations or securities
Whoever, with intent to defraud, possesses, keeps, safeguards, or controls, without authority from the United States, any imprint, stamp, analog, digital, or electronic image, or impression, taken or made upon any substance or material whatsoever, of any tool, implement, instrument or thing, used, fitted or intended to be used, for any of the purposes mentioned in section 476 of this title; or
Whoever, with intent to defraud, sells, gives, or delivers any such imprint, stamp, analog, digital, or electronic image, or impression to any other person—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(g), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 267 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 153, 35 Stat. 1117).
Changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted “analog, digital, or electronic image,” after “imprint, stamp,” in first and second pars. and substituted “25 years” for “ten years” in third par.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 478 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 478. Foreign obligations or securities
Whoever, within the United States, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bond, certificate, obligation, or other security of any foreign government, purporting to be or in imitation of any such security issued under the authority of such foreign government, or any treasury note, bill, or promise to pay, lawfully issued by such foreign government and intended to circulate as money, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(a), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 270 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 156, 35 Stat. 1117).
Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes were also made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “five years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 479 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 479. Uttering counterfeit foreign obligations or securities
Whoever, within the United States, knowingly and with intent to defraud, utters, passes, or puts off, in payment or negotiation, any false, forged, or counterfeited bond, certificate, obligation, security, treasury note, bill, or promise to pay, mentioned in section 478 of this title, whether or not the same was made, altered, forged, or counterfeited within the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(J), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 271 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 157, 35 Stat. 1118).
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “three years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $3,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 480 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 480. Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities
Whoever, within the United States, knowingly and with intent to defraud, possesses or delivers any false, forged, or counterfeit bond, certificate, obligation, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay, bank note, or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 274 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 160, 35 Stat. 1118).
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes were also made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “one year”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 482 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 482. Foreign bank notes
Whoever, within the United States, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bank note or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country, and intended by the law or usage of such foreign country to circulate as money, such bank or corporation being authorized by the laws of such country, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(e), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 342.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 272 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 158, 35 Stat. 1118).
Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding and assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted “20 years” for “two years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $2,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 483 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 483. Uttering counterfeit foreign bank notes
Whoever, within the United States, utters, passes, puts off, or tenders in payment, with intent to defraud, any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited bank note or bill, mentioned in section 482 of this title, knowing the same to be so false, forged, altered, and counterfeited, whether or not the same was made, forged, altered, or counterfeited within the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(f), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 342.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 273 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 159, 35 Stat. 1118).
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “20 years” for “one year”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 484 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 484. Connecting parts of different notes
Whoever so places or connects together different parts of two or more notes, bills, or other genuine instruments issued under the authority of the United States, or by any foreign government, or corporation, as to produce one instrument, with intent to defraud, shall be guilty of forgery in the same manner as if the parts so put together were falsely made or forged, and shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(h), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 276 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 162, 35 Stat. 1119).
Minor changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “10 years” for “five years”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 485 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 485. Coins or bars
Whoever falsely makes, forges, or counterfeits any coin or bar in resemblance or similitude of any coin of a denomination higher than 5 cents or any gold or silver bar coined or stamped at any mint or assay office of the United States, or in resemblance or similitude of any foreign gold or silver coin current in the United States or in actual use and circulation as money within the United States; or
Whoever passes, utters, publishes, sells, possesses, or brings into the United States any false, forged, or counterfeit coin or bar, knowing the same to be false, forged, or counterfeit, with intent to defraud any body politic or corporate, or any person, or attempts the commission of any offense described in this paragraph—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 89–81, title II, § 211(a), July 23, 1965, 79 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 277 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 163, 35 Stat. 1119).
Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
The provision for imprisonment for 10 years was changed to 15 years to conform to sections 471 and 472 of this title.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
1965—Pub. L. 89–81 struck out “Gold or silver” before “Coins or bars” in section catchline, changed the description of the United States coins covered in first par. from gold or silver coins to any coin of a denomination higher than 5 cents, and made minor structural changes in second par.
18 U.S.C. § 486 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 486. Uttering coins of gold, silver or other metal
Whoever, except as authorized by law, makes or utters or passes, or attempts to utter or pass, any coins of gold or silver or other metal, or alloys of metals, intended for use as current money, whether in the resemblance of coins of the United States or of foreign countries, or of original design, shall be fined under this title 1 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 281 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 167, 35 Stat. 1120).
Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title.
Changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $2,000”, was executed by making the substitution for “fined not more than $3,000”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
18 U.S.C. § 487 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 487. Making or possessing counterfeit dies for coins
Whoever, without lawful authority, makes any die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, either of steel or plaster, or any other substance, in likeness or similitude, as to the design or the inscription thereon, of any die, hub, or mold designated for the coining or making of any of the genuine gold, silver, nickel, bronze, copper, or other coins coined at the mints of the United States; or
Whoever, without lawful authority, possesses any such die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, or permits the same to be used for or in aid of the counterfeiting of any such coins of the United States—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 283 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 169, 35 Stat. 1120).
Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.
The provision for imprisonment for 10 years was changed to 15 years to conform to section 471 of this title.
Changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.
18 U.S.C. § 488 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 488. Making or possessing counterfeit dies for foreign coins
Whoever, within the United States, without lawful authority, makes any die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, either of steel or of plaster, or of any other substance, in the likeness or similitude, as to the design or the inscription thereon, of any die, hub, or mold designated for the coining of the genuine coin of any foreign government; or
Whoever, without lawful authority, possesses any such die, hub, or mold, or any part thereof, or conceals, or knowingly suffers the same to be used for the counterfeiting of any foreign coin—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 284 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 170, 35 Stat. 1120).
Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or assisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Provision for $2,000 fine was increased to $5,000 to conform with section 481 of this title.
Changes in phraseology were made.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000”.