dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 262m–5 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–5. Environmental impact statements; factors considered; promotion of activities by United States Executive Directors
(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to vigorously and continuously urge that each bank identify and develop methods and procedures to insure that in addition to economic and technical considerations, unquantified environmental values be given appropriate consideration in decisionmaking, and include in the documents circulated to the Board of Executive Directors concerning each assistance proposal a detailed statement, to include assessment of the benefits and costs of environmental impacts and possible mitigating measures, on the environmental impact of the proposed action, any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided if the proposal is implemented, and alternatives to the proposed action.
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to vigorously and continuously promote—
(1) increases in the proportion of loans supporting environmentally beneficial policies, projects, and project components;
(2) the establishment of environmental programs in appropriate policy-based loans for the purpose of improving natural resource management, environmental quality, and protection of biological diversity;
(3) increases in the proportion of staff with professional training and experience in ecology and related areas and in the areas of anthropological and sociological impact analysis to ensure systematic appraisal and monitoring of environmental and sociocultural impacts of projects and policies;
(4) active and systematic encouragement of participation by borrowing countries nongovernmental environmental, community and indigenous peoples’ organizations at all stages of preparations for country lending strategies, policy based loans, and loans that may have adverse environmental or sociocultural impacts; and
(5) full availability to concerned or affected nongovernmental and community organization, early in the preparation phase and at all subsequent stages of planning of full documentary information concerning details of design and potential environmental and sociocultural impacts of proposed loans.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1306, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1306 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–8 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–8. Climate change mitigation and greenhouse gas accounting
(a) Use of greenhouse gas accounting
The Secretary of the Treasury shall seek to ensure that multilateral development banks (as defined in section 262r(c)(4) of this title) adopt and implement greenhouse gas accounting in analyzing the benefits and costs of individual projects (excluding those with de minimus greenhouse gas emissions) for which funding is sought from the bank.
(b) Expansion of climate change mitigation activities
The Secretary of the Treasury shall work to ensure that the multilateral development banks (as defined in section 262r(c)(4) of this title) expand their activities supporting climate change mitigation by—
(1) significantly expanding support for investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy, including zero carbon technologies;
(2) reviewing all proposed infrastructure investments to ensure that all opportunities for integrating energy efficiency measures have been considered;
(3) increasing the dialogue with the governments of developing countries regarding—
(A) analysis and policy measures needed for low carbon emission economic development; and
(B) reforms needed to promote private sector investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy, including zero carbon technologies; and
(4) integrate low carbon emission economic development objectives into multilateral development bank country strategies.
(c) Report to Congress
Not later than 1 year after June 24, 2009, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report on the status of efforts to implement this section to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1308, as added Pub. L. 111–32, title XI, § 1111, June 24, 2009, 123 Stat. 1903.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1308 of Pub. L. 95–118 was renumbered section 1307 and is classified to section 262m–7 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 262n (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n. Congressional findings and policies respecting agricultural and commodity production
The Congress hereby finds the following:
(1) The financing of certain programs and projects by multilateral development banks has been of great concern insofar as the programs and projects have been detrimental to the interests of American farmers and the agribusiness sector.
(2) An increase in rural income in developing countries will generally result in an increase in exports of United States agricultural and food products.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1401, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1401 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262n–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n–1. Increase in income and employment in developing countries; enhancement of purchasing power; diversification away from single crop or product economies
The Secretary of the Treasury, after consultations with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior (to the extent appropriate) on markets and prices for commodities, shall periodically instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to work with other executive directors of the respective bank to continue to—
(1) support activities which result in broad increases in income and employment and enhance purchasing power in developing countries, particularly among the rural poor; and
(2) encourage diversification away from single crop or product economies in developing countries to help reduce wide fluctuations in commodity prices and the adverse impact of abrupt changes in the terms of trade.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1402, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1402 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262n–2 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n–2. Financing projects for production of export commodities, products, or minerals in surplus in world markets discouraged; instructions by Secretary of the Treasury to United States Executive Directors
(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall take all appropriate steps to discourage multilateral development banks from financing projects which will result in the production of commodities, products, or minerals for export that will be in surplus in world markets at the time such production begins.
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the multilateral development banks to use the voice and vote of the United States in the respective banks—
(1) to oppose financing by the respective bank of projects which produce, or will produce, commodities, products, or minerals for export if—
(A) the commodity, product, or mineral is subsidized in a manner which is inconsistent with Article XVI.3 of the GATT 1994 as defined in section 3501(1)(B) of title 19, or Article 3.1(a) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of title 19; and
(B) support from financial sources other than multilateral development banks does not accompany such financing; and
(2) to oppose financing by the respective bank for production of a commodity, product, or mineral for export which—
(A) is likely to be in surplus on world markets at the time such production begins; and
(B) when exported, is likely to cause injury to United States producers within the meaning of Article 15 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in subparagraph (A).
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1403, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134; amended Pub. L. 106–36, title I, § 1002(b), June 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 133.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1403 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–36, § 1002(b)(1), substituted “GATT 1994 as defined in section 3501(1)(B) of title 19, or Article 3.1(a) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of title 19” for “General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or Article 10 of the Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI, and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 106–36, § 1002(b)(2), substituted “Article 15 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in subparagraph (A)” for “Article 6 of the Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI, and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262n–3 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n–3. Reduction of barriers to agricultural trade
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund to use aggressively the voice and vote of the United States to vigorously promote policies to encourage the opening of markets for agricultural commodities and products by requiring recipient countries to make efforts to reduce trade barriers.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1404, as added Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(d) [title VI, § 611], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–228.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262o–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262o–1. Military spending by recipient countries; military involvement in economies of recipient countries
(a) Consideration of commitment to achieving certain goals
(1) 1 In general
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the international financial institutions (as defined in section 262r(c)(2) of this title) to promote growth in the international economy by taking into account, when considering whether to support or oppose loan proposals at these institutions, the extent to which the recipient government has demonstrated a commitment to achieving the following goals:
(A) to provide accurate and complete data on the annual expenditures and receipts of the armed forces;
(B) to establish good and publicly accountable governance, including an end to excessive military involvement in the economy; and
(C) to make substantial reductions in excessive military spending and forces.
(b) Steps to achieve goals required
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the international financial institutions (as so defined) to promote a policy at each institution under which—
(1) the respective institution monitors closely and, through regular policy consultations with recipient governments, seeks to influence the composition of public expenditure in favor of funding growth and development priorities and away from unproductive expenditure, including excessive military expenditures;
(2) the respective institution supports lending operations which assist efforts of recipient governments to promote good governance, including public participation, and reduce military expenditures; and
(3) the allocation of resources and the extension of credit by the respective institution takes into account the performance of recipient governments in the areas of good governance, ending excessive military involvement in the economy and reducing excessive military expenditures.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XV, § 1502, as added Pub. L. 103–306, title V, § 526(d), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1633.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262p–2 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262p–2. Instructions to United States Executive Directors for extension of credit
(a) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Development Association; access of poor to formal sources of credit; identification and removal of barriers to extension of credit generally and to provisions of credit to microenterprises
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association to initiate discussions with other directors of such Bank or Association and to propose that—
(1) in carrying on the activities of the Bank or Association, the Bank or Association take such steps as may be necessary to increase access for the poor people of a borrowing country to formal sources of credit; and
(2) the Bank or Association include a requirement in all appropriate project and nonproject agreements, as a condition for assistance under such agreements, that the borrowing country identify and remove unreasonable legal and regulatory barriers to—
(A) the establishment or operation of organizations which extend credit; and
(B) the provision of credit to microenterprises for small scale economic activities.
(b) African Development Bank and Asian Development Bank; provision of credit to microenterprises
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the African Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank to initiate discussions with other directors of the respective banks and to propose that each such bank—
(1) examine the Program for the Financing of Small Projects of the Inter-American Development Bank and the steps taken by such bank to link the Program to the mainstream operation of the bank; and
(2) explore ways and means to establish similar programs within the respective banks to provide credit to microenterprises for small scale economic activities.
(c) Annual reports to Congress; inclusion of status of microenterprise credit promotion activities
Each annual report to the Congress by the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies shall describe the status of the microenterprise credit promotion activities of each of the institutions referred to in subsection (a) or (b).
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XVI, § 1603, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1603 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262p–3 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262p–3. Participation of women in economic, social and policy development activities
(a) Congressional declaration of policy
Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States that multilateral development banks should—
(1) fully involve women in borrowing countries in the identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation of mainstream development activities financed by such banks;
(2) recognize and support women’s direct and indirect roles in the economic development of their countries and communities;
(3) recognize and support women’s direct and indirect roles in the education and social development of, the maintenance of the health of, and in the provision of adequate nutrition for, family members and communities, especially children;
(4) work to remove legal and customary barriers which impede the full participation of women in economic and social development, such as lack of access to credit, property rights, education, health care, and government services; and
(5) involve women’s groups in borrowing countries in project identification and preparation in order to factor their assessments of women’s economic and social needs into project design.
(b) Instructions by Secretary of the Treasury to United States Executive Directors
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct—
(1) the United States Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association to support attempts to strengthen the role of the Women in Development division in policy development, project design and implementation, and evaluation; and
(2) the United States Executive Directors of the regional multilateral development banks to support exploring the establishment of a mechanism, or the strengthening of any existing mechanism, within each of the respective banks, to advise, advocate, and promote the full intergration 1 of women in the planning, design, implementation, and evaluation of lending activities both in borrowing countries and within the banks.
(c) Annual reports to Congress
Each annual report to the Congress by the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies shall describe the actions taken by the multilateral development banks to implement the policies established under this section.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XVI, § 1604, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1604 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262p–4 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262p–4. Instructions to United States Executive Directors; indigenous people in borrowing country; determination of impact; protection of rights; consultation
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to initiate discussions with other executive directors of the respective bank and to propose that the bank take such steps as may be necessary—
(1) to determine, at the time an initial feasibility study is conducted with respect to a proposed project and to the fullest extent possible, the impact such project would have on indigenous people in the borrowing country;
(2) to ensure compliance with loan conditionalities relating to the protection of the rights of indigenous people to lands and resources; and
(3) to consult with indigenous people, and nongovernmental organizations representing indigenous people, at every phase of loan design, planning, implementation, and monitoring.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XVI, § 1605, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1605 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262p–4b (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262p–4b. Directives regarding government-owned enterprises in countries receiving World Bank loans
(a) Finding
The Congress finds that a principal focus of United States Government policy in the multilateral development banks has been and should be to foster greater development of the private sector in member borrowing countries of such banks.
(b) Technical assistance to transform government-owned enterprises into privately owned enterprises
In order to assist and strengthen the advancement of ongoing efforts to have the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development play a key role in building a viable private sector in member borrowing countries of such bank, and to further assist such bank in its determination to facilitate the transfer of government-owned enterprises in such countries to private ownership, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of such bank to vigorously encourage the provision of technical assistance to such countries (relying, where appropriate, on the expertise of the International Finance Corporation or the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) to transform enterprises owned, in whole or part, by the governments of such countries into privately owned, self-sufficient enterprises. Such technical assistance may involve the valuation of the assets of such government-owned enterprises, the assessment of tender offers, and the creation or strengthening of market-based mechanisms to facilitate such a transfer of ownership.
(c) Reports
(1) In general
The United States Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development shall submit 3 reports to the Congress on—
(A) the progress made in transforming government-owned enterprises into privately owned enterprises as described in subsection (b);
(B) the performance of the privately owned enterprises resulting from such transformation; and
(C) the contributions of development finance companies toward strengthening the private sector in member borrowing countries.
(2) Timing
The United States Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development shall submit to the Congress the first report required by paragraph (1) within 1 year after October 1, 1988, and shall submit additional reports 12 months, and 24 months, after the date the first report is submitted.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XVI, § 1607, as added Pub. L. 100–461, title V, § 555, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268–36.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 1607 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 7 of H.R. 4645, One Hundredth Congress, as reported Sept. 28, 1988, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–461.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.