dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
9 U.S.C. § 16 (ARBITRATION)
§ 16. Appeals
(a) An appeal may be taken from—
(1) an order—
(A) refusing a stay of any action under section 3 of this title,
(B) denying a petition under section 4 of this title to order arbitration to proceed,
(C) denying an application under section 206 of this title to compel arbitration,
(D) confirming or denying confirmation of an award or partial award, or
(E) modifying, correcting, or vacating an award;
(2) an interlocutory order granting, continuing, or modifying an injunction against an arbitration that is subject to this title; or
(3) a final decision with respect to an arbitration that is subject to this title.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in section 1292(b) of title 28, an appeal may not be taken from an interlocutory order—
(1) granting a stay of any action under section 3 of this title;
(2) directing arbitration to proceed under section 4 of this title;
(3) compelling arbitration under section 206 of this title; or
(4) refusing to enjoin an arbitration that is subject to this title.
(Added Pub. L. 100–702, title X, § 1019(a), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4670, § 15; renumbered § 16, Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 325(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5120.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1990—Pub. L. 101–650 renumbered the second section 15 of this title as this section.
9 U.S.C. § 201 (ARBITRATION)
§ 201. Enforcement of Convention
The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958, shall be enforced in United States courts in accordance with this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 91–368, § 4, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] shall be effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States.”
The Convention entered into force for the United States on Dec. 29, 1970.
9 U.S.C. § 202 (ARBITRATION)
§ 202. Agreement or award falling under the Convention
An arbitration agreement or arbitral award arising out of a legal relationship, whether contractual or not, which is considered as commercial, including a transaction, contract, or agreement described in section 2 of this title, falls under the Convention. An agreement or award arising out of such a relationship which is entirely between citizens of the United States shall be deemed not to fall under the Convention unless that relationship involves property located abroad, envisages performance or enforcement abroad, or has some other reasonable relation with one or more foreign states. For the purpose of this section a corporation is a citizen of the United States if it is incorporated or has its principal place of business in the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 203 (ARBITRATION)
§ 203. Jurisdiction; amount in controversy
An action or proceeding falling under the Convention shall be deemed to arise under the laws and treaties of the United States. The district courts of the United States (including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28) shall have original jurisdiction over such an action or proceeding, regardless of the amount in controversy.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 204 (ARBITRATION)
§ 204. Venue
An action or proceeding over which the district courts have jurisdiction pursuant to section 203 of this title may be brought in any such court in which save for the arbitration agreement an action or proceeding with respect to the controversy between the parties could be brought, or in such court for the district and division which embraces the place designated in the agreement as the place of arbitration if such place is within the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 205 (ARBITRATION)
§ 205. Removal of cases from State courts
Where the subject matter of an action or proceeding pending in a State court relates to an arbitration agreement or award falling under the Convention, the defendant or the defendants may, at any time before the trial thereof, remove such action or proceeding to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where the action or proceeding is pending. The procedure for removal of causes otherwise provided by law shall apply, except that the ground for removal provided in this section need not appear on the face of the complaint but may be shown in the petition for removal. For the purposes of Chapter 1 of this title any action or proceeding removed under this section shall be deemed to have been brought in the district court to which it is removed.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 206 (ARBITRATION)
§ 206. Order to compel arbitration; appointment of arbitrators
A court having jurisdiction under this chapter may direct that arbitration be held in accordance with the agreement at any place therein provided for, whether that place is within or without the United States. Such court may also appoint arbitrators in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 207 (ARBITRATION)
§ 207. Award of arbitrators; confirmation; jurisdiction; proceeding
Within three years after an arbitral award falling under the Convention is made, any party to the arbitration may apply to any court having jurisdiction under this chapter for an order confirming the award as against any other party to the arbitration. The court shall confirm the award unless it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral of recognition or enforcement of the award specified in the said Convention.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 208 (ARBITRATION)
§ 208. Chapter 1; residual application
Chapter 1 applies to actions and proceedings brought under this chapter to the extent that chapter is not in conflict with this chapter or the Convention as ratified by the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 91–368, § 1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 301 (ARBITRATION)
§ 301. Enforcement of Convention
The Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, shall be enforced in United States courts in accordance with this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 448.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 101–369, § 3, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 450, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] shall take effect upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States.”
The Convention entered into force for the United States on Oct. 27, 1990.
9 U.S.C. § 302 (ARBITRATION)
§ 302. Incorporation by reference
Sections 202, 203, 204, 205, and 207 of this title shall apply to this chapter as if specifically set forth herein, except that for the purposes of this chapter “the Convention” shall mean the Inter-American Convention.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 448.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States (Oct. 27, 1990), see section 3 of Pub. L. 101–369, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 303 (ARBITRATION)
§ 303. Order to compel arbitration; appointment of arbitrators; locale
(a) A court having jurisdiction under this chapter may direct that arbitration be held in accordance with the agreement at any place therein provided for, whether that place is within or without the United States. The court may also appoint arbitrators in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.
(b) In the event the agreement does not make provision for the place of arbitration or the appointment of arbitrators, the court shall direct that the arbitration shall be held and the arbitrators be appointed in accordance with Article 3 of the Inter-American Convention.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 448.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States (Oct. 27, 1990), see section 3 of Pub. L. 101–369, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 304 (ARBITRATION)
§ 304. Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral decisions and awards; reciprocity
Arbitral decisions or awards made in the territory of a foreign State shall, on the basis of reciprocity, be recognized and enforced under this chapter only if that State has ratified or acceded to the Inter-American Convention.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 449.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States (Oct. 27, 1990), see section 3 of Pub. L. 101–369, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 305 (ARBITRATION)
§ 305. Relationship between the Inter-American Convention and the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958
When the requirements for application of both the Inter-American Convention and the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958, are met, determination as to which Convention applies shall, unless otherwise expressly agreed, be made as follows:
(1) If a majority of the parties to the arbitration agreement are citizens of a State or States that have ratified or acceded to the Inter-American Convention and are member States of the Organization of American States, the Inter-American Convention shall apply.
(2) In all other cases the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958, shall apply.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 449.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States (Oct. 27, 1990), see section 3 of Pub. L. 101–369, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 306 (ARBITRATION)
§ 306. Applicable rules of Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission
(a) For the purposes of this chapter the rules of procedure of the Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission referred to in Article 3 of the Inter-American Convention shall, subject to subsection (b) of this section, be those rules as promulgated by the Commission on July 1, 1988.
(b) In the event the rules of procedure of the Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission are modified or amended in accordance with the procedures for amendment of the rules of that Commission, the Secretary of State, by regulation in accordance with section 553 of title 5, consistent with the aims and purposes of this Convention, may prescribe that such modifications or amendments shall be effective for purposes of this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 449.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States (Oct. 27, 1990), see section 3 of Pub. L. 101–369, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.
9 U.S.C. § 307 (ARBITRATION)
§ 307. Chapter 1; residual application
Chapter 1 applies to actions and proceedings brought under this chapter to the extent chapter 1 is not in conflict with this chapter or the Inter-American Convention as ratified by the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 101–369, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 449.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon the entry into force of the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration of January 30, 1975, with respect to the United States (Oct. 27, 1990), see section 3 of Pub. L. 101–369, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 278g–3d (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 278g–3d. Implementation of coordinated disclosure of security vulnerabilities relating to agency information systems, including Internet of Things devices
(a) Agency guidelines required
Not later than 2 years after December 4, 2020, the Director of OMB, in consultation with the Secretary, shall develop and oversee the implementation of policies, principles, standards, or guidelines as may be necessary to address security vulnerabilities of information systems (including Internet of Things devices).
(b) Operational and technical assistance
Consistent with section 3553(b) of title 44, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of OMB, shall provide operational and technical assistance to agencies on reporting, coordinating, publishing, and receiving information about security vulnerabilities of information systems (including Internet of Things devices).
(c) Consistency with guidelines from National Institute of Standards and Technology
The Secretary shall ensure that the assistance provided under subsection (b) is consistent with applicable standards and publications developed by the Director of the Institute.
(d) Revision of Federal Acquisition Regulation
The Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised as necessary to implement the provisions under this section.
(Pub. L. 116–207, § 6, Dec. 4, 2020, 134 Stat. 1005.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2020, also known as the IoT Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2020, and not as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act which comprises this chapter.
heading: Definitions
text: For definitions of terms used in this section, see section 278g–3a of this title.
18 U.S.C. § 2 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2. Principals
(a) Whoever commits an offense against the United States or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.
(b) Whoever willfully causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or another would be an offense against the United States, is punishable as a principal.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 17b, 65 Stat. 717.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 550 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 332, 35 Stat. 1152).
Section 2(a) comprises section 550 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., without change except in minor matters of phraseology.
Section 2(b) is added to permit the deletion from many sections throughout the revision of such phrases as “causes or procures”.
The section as revised makes clear the legislative intent to punish as a principal not only one who directly commits an offense and one who “aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures” another to commit an offense, but also anyone who causes the doing of an act which if done by him directly would render him guilty of an offense against the United States.
It removes all doubt that one who puts in motion or assists in the illegal enterprise but causes the commission of an indispensable element of the offense by an innocent agent or instrumentality, is guilty as a principal even though he intentionally refrained from the direct act constituting the completed offense.
This accords with the following decisions: Rothenburg v. United States, 1918, 38 S. Ct. 18, 245 U.S. 480, 62 L. Ed. 414, and United States v. Hodorowicz, C. C. A. Ill. 1939, 105 F. 2d 218, certiorari denied, 60 S. Ct. 108, 308 U.S. 584, 84 L. Ed. 489. United States v. Giles, 1937, 57 S. Ct. 340, 300 U.S. 41, 81 L. Ed. 493, rehearing denied, 57 S. Ct. 505, 300 U.S. 687, 81 L. Ed. 888.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1951—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 31, 1951, inserted “punishable as”.
Subsec. (b). Act Oct. 31, 1951, inserted “willfully” before “causes”, and “or another” after “him”, and substituted “is punishable as a principal” for “is also a principal and punishable as such”.
18 U.S.C. § 3 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 3. Accessory after the fact
Whoever, knowing that an offense against the United States has been committed, receives, relieves, comforts or assists the offender in order to hinder or prevent his apprehension, trial or punishment, is an accessory after the fact.
Except as otherwise expressly provided by any Act of Congress, an accessory after the fact shall be imprisoned not more than one-half the maximum term of imprisonment or (notwithstanding section 3571) fined not more than one-half the maximum fine prescribed for the punishment of the principal, or both; or if the principal is punishable by life imprisonment or death, the accessory shall be imprisoned not more than 15 years.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 99–646, § 43, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3601; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, § 3502, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4921; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§ 330011(h), 330016(2)(A), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145, 2148.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 551 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 333, 35 Stat. 1152).
The first paragraph is new. It is based upon authority of Skelly v. United States (C. C. A. Okl. 1935, 76 F. 2d 483, certiorari denied, 1935, 55 S. Ct. 914, 295 U.S. 757, 79 L. Ed. 1699), where the court defined an accessory after the fact as—
one who knowing a felony to have been committed by another, receives, relieves, comforts, or assists the felon in order to hinder the felon’s apprehension, trial, or punishment—
and cited Jones’ Blackstone, books 3 and 4, page 2204; U.S. v. Hartwell (Fed. Cas. No. 15,318); Albritton v. State (32 Fla. 358, 13 So. 955); State v. Davis (14 R. I. 281); Schleeter v. Commonwealth (218 Ky. 72, 290 S. W. 1075). (See also State v. Potter, 1942, 221 N. C. 153, 19 S. E. 2d 257; Hunter v. State, 1935, 128 Tex. Cr. R. 191, 79 S. W. 2d 855; State v. Wells, 1940, 195 La. 754, 197 So. 419.)
The second paragraph is from section 551 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Here only slight changes were made in phraseology.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(2)(A), inserted “(notwithstanding section 3571)” before “fined not more than one-half” in second par.
Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(h), amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–647, § 3502. See 1990 Amendment note below.
1990—Pub. L. 101–647, as amended by Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(h), substituted “15 years” for “ten years” in second par.
1986—Pub. L. 99–646 inserted “life imprisonment or” in second par.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330011(h), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2145, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Nov. 29, 1990.
18 U.S.C. § 4 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 4. Misprision of felony
Whoever, having knowledge of the actual commission of a felony cognizable by a court of the United States, conceals and does not as soon as possible make known the same to some judge or other person in civil or military authority under the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
text: Based on title 18, U.S.C. 1940 ed., § 251 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 146, 35 Stat. 1114).
Changes in phraseology only.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $500”.