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22 U.S.C. § 1650a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1650a. Arbitration awards under the Convention
(a) Treaty rights; enforcement; full faith and credit; nonapplication of Federal Arbitration Act
An award of an arbitral tribunal rendered pursuant to chapter IV of the convention shall create a right arising under a treaty of the United States. The pecuniary obligations imposed by such an award shall be enforced and shall be given the same full faith and credit as if the award were a final judgment of a court of general jurisdiction of one of the several States. The Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) shall not apply to enforcement of awards rendered pursuant to the convention.
(b) Jurisdiction; amount in controversy
The district courts of the United States (including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28) shall have exclusive jurisdiction over actions and proceedings under subsection (a) of this section, regardless of the amount in controversy.
(Pub. L. 89–532, § 3, Aug. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 344.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Chapter IV of the convention, referred to in subsec. (a), contains the Arbitration provisions of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States, providing in Section 1 (Art. 36) for Request for Arbitration, Section 2 (Arts. 37 to 40) for Constitution of the Tribunal, Section 3 (Arts. 41 to 47) for powers and functions of the tribunal, Section 4 (Arts. 48, 49) for The Award, Section 5 (Arts. 50 to 52) for interpretation, revision and annulment of the award, and Section 6 (Arts. 53 to 55) for recognition and enforcement of the award.
The Federal Arbitration Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified generally to Title 9, Arbitration.
22 U.S.C. § 1731 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1731. Protection to naturalized citizens abroad
All naturalized citizens of the United States while in foreign countries are entitled to and shall receive from this Government the same protection of persons and property which is accorded to native-born citizens.
(R.S. § 2000.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: R.S. § 2000 derived from Act July 27, 1868, ch. 249, § 2, 15 Stat. 224.
Section was formerly classified to section 903a of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Equitable Treatment by United States of Its Citizens Living Abroad
text: Pub. L. 95–426, title VI, § 611, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 989, as amended by Pub. L. 96–60, title IV, § 407, Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 97–241, title V, § 505(a)(2), (b)(1), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 299, provided that:
“The Congress finds that—
“(1) United States citizens living abroad should be provided fair and equitable treatment by the United States Government with regard to taxation, citizenship of progeny, veterans’ benefits, voting rights, Social Security benefits, and other obligations, rights, and benefits; and
“(2) United States statutes and regulations should be designed so as not to create competitive disadvantage for individual American citizens living abroad or working in international markets.”
22 U.S.C. § 1732 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1732. Release of citizens imprisoned by foreign governments
Whenever it is made known to the President that any citizen of the United States has been unjustly deprived of his liberty by or under the authority of any foreign government, it shall be the duty of the President forthwith to demand of that government the reasons of such imprisonment; and if it appears to be wrongful and in violation of the rights of American citizenship, the President shall forthwith demand the release of such citizen, and if the release so demanded is unreasonably delayed or refused, the President shall use such means, not amounting to acts of war and not otherwise prohibited by law, as he may think necessary and proper to obtain or effectuate the release; and all the facts and proceedings relative thereto shall as soon as practicable be communicated by the President to Congress.
(R.S. § 2001; Pub. L. 101–222, § 9, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1900.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: R.S. § 2001 derived from act July 27, 1868, ch. 249, § 3, 15 Stat. 224.
Section was formerly classified to section 903b of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
heading: Amendments
text: 1989—Pub. L. 101–222 inserted “and not otherwise prohibited by law” after “acts of war”.
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Release of American Hostages in Iran
text: For Executive Order provisions relating to the release of the American hostages in Iran, see Ex. Ord. Nos. 12276 to 12285, Jan. 19, 1981, 46 F.R. 7913 to 7932, listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
22 U.S.C. § 1750...1753a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§§ 1750 to 1753a. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, § 642(a)(2), (5), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460
text: Section 1750, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, § 2, formerly ch. IV, § 549, as added July 8, 1955, ch. 301, § 11, 69 Stat. 289, renumbered and amended July 18, 1956, ch. 627, § 2, 70 Stat. 555; July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, § 2, 73 Stat. 246; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, § 2, 74 Stat. 134, stated the Congressional declaration of purpose for this chapter. See section 2151 et seq. of this title.
text: Section 1750a, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. V, § 503, June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 275, related to strengthening cooperation in the Western Hemisphere.
text: Section 1750b, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, § 552, as added May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. IV, § 401(m), 74 Stat. 140, prohibited assistance to Cuba. See section 2370 of this title.
text: Section 1751, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, § 545, 68 Stat. 862; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, § 11(b), 70 Stat. 565; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. IV, § 401(i), ch. V, § 501(31)–(33), 72 Stat. 270, 272, defined terms used in this chapter. See section 2403 of this title.
text: Section 1752, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, § 546, 68 Stat. 863; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, § 11(c), 71 Stat 365, related to construction and application of this chapter.
text: Section 1753, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, § 501, 68 Stat. 849; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, § 9(a), 70 Stat. 560, authorized transferability of funds. See section 2360 of this title.
text: Section 1753a, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, § 551, as added July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. IV, § 401(m), 73 Stat. 255; amended Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–735, § 4, 74 Stat. 870, provided for limitations on the use of the President’s special authority.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Transfer of Funds To Carry Out International Educational Exchange Activities
text: Section 13 of act July 18, 1956, ch. 627, § 13, 70 Stat. 565, which transferred available funds to the Department of State to carry out international educational exchange activities, was repealed by Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, § 642(a)(4). Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460.
22 U.S.C. § 1760a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1760a. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, which limited use of counterpart funds with respect to payment of debts of foreign countries, was enacted as a part of section 105 of the Mutual Security Appropriation Act, 1958, Pub. L. 85–279, § 105, Sept. 3, 1957, 71 Stat. 603, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts.
22 U.S.C. § 1766 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1766. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, § 514, 68 Stat. 854, related to reservation of foreign currencies or credits owed to or by the United States by the Secretary of the Treasury for sale to the Department of State for international educational exchange activities on basis of dollar value at time of reservation. See sections 2362 and 2455 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1819 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1819. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–148, title I, Oct. 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 1232
text: Section, act Aug. 2, 1955, ch. 491, § 108, 69 Stat. 438, related to an accounting for military assistance funds.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Pub. L. 95–148 provided that the repeal of this section is effective Oct. 1, 1977.
22 U.S.C. § 1853 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1853. Assistance to Yugoslavia
In furnishing assistance to Yugoslavia, the President shall continuously assure himself (1) that Yugoslavia continues to maintain its independence, (2) that Yugoslavia is not participating in any policy or program for the Communist conquest of the world, and (3) that the furnishing of such assistance is in the interest of the national security of the United States. The President shall keep the Foreign Relations Committee and the Appropriations Committee of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives fully and constantly informed of any assistance furnished to Yugoslavia under this chapter.
(Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. II, § 143, as added July 18, 1956, ch. 627, § 5, 70 Stat. 556; amended Pub. L. 85–141, § 5(b), Aug. 14, 1957, 71 Stat. 356.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1957—Pub. L. 85–141 required the President to continuously assure himself that Yugoslavia continues to maintain its independence, that she is not participating in any policy or program for the Communist conquest of the world, and that the furnishing of assistance is in the interest of national security, and provided that certain committees of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives should be constantly informed of assistance furnished.
22 U.S.C. § 1896a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1896a. Restriction on commitments for technical assistance
No commitment for the calendar year 1955 or thereafter, with respect to contributions to the United Nations expanded program of technical assistance, shall be pledged on behalf of the United States until the Congress appropriates for said purpose.
(Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1262, § 101, 68 Stat. 1221.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as a part of section 101 of the Mutual Security Appropriation Act, 1955. No other part of section 101 of the Mutual Security Appropriation Act, 1955, was classified to the Code.
22 U.S.C. § 1896b (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1896b. Colombo Plan Council for Technical Cooperation; authorization
To enable the United States to maintain membership in the Colombo Plan Council for Technical Cooperation, there is authorized to be appropriated from time to time to the Department of State such sums as may be necessary for the payment by the United States of its share of the expenses of the Colombo Plan Council for Technical Cooperation.
(Pub. L. 86–108, ch. V, § 502, July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 256.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1959.
heading: Annual Appropriations
text: Annual appropriations to meet the obligations of membership in various international organizations were contained in acts listed in a note set out under section 269a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1928c (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1928c. Report to the Congress
The United States Group of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly shall submit to the Congress a report for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, including its expenditures under such appropriation.
(July 11, 1956, ch. 562, § 3, 70 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. IV, § 401(a)(2), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title VII, § 701(b)(1)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–459.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–113 substituted “NATO Parliamentary Assembly” for “North Atlantic Assembly”.
1967—Pub. L. 90–137 substituted “North Atlantic Assembly” for “North Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary Conference”.
22 U.S.C. § 1928d (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1928d. Auditing and accounting
The certificate of the Chairman of the House delegation and the Senate delegation of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly shall on and after July 11, 1956, be final and conclusive upon the accounting officers in the auditing of the accounts of the United States Group of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
(July 11, 1956, ch. 562, § 4, 70 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. IV, § 401(a)(2), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title VII, § 701(b)(1)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–459.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–113 substituted “NATO Parliamentary Assembly” for “North Atlantic Assembly” in two places.
1967—Pub. L. 90–137 substituted “North Atlantic Assembly” for “North Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary Conference” in two places.
22 U.S.C. § 1928e (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1928e. North Atlantic Assembly; appropriations for expenses of annual meeting
In addition to the amounts authorized by section 1928b of this title, there is authorized to be appropriated $50,000 for fiscal year 1977 to meet the expenses incurred by the United States group in hosting the twenty-second annual meeting of the North Atlantic Assembly. In addition to amounts authorized by section 1928b of this title, there is authorized to be appropriated $550,000 for fiscal year 1994 to meet the expenses incurred by the United States group in hosting the fortieth annual meeting of the North Atlantic Assembly. In addition to the amounts authorized by section 1928b of this title, there is authorized to be appropriated $450,000 for fiscal year 1984 to meet the expenses incurred by the United States group in hosting the thirty-first annual meeting of the North Atlantic Assembly. Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.
(July 11, 1956, ch. 562, § 5, as added Pub. L. 94–350, title I, § 107, July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 824; amended Pub. L. 98–164, title I, § 109(a), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1019; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, § 168(g), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 677.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1991—Pub. L. 102–138 inserted after first sentence provisions authorizing appropriation of $550,000 for fiscal year 1994 to meet expenses of the United States group in hosting the fortieth annual meeting of the North Atlantic Assembly.
1983—Pub. L. 98–164 inserted provisions authorizing additional appropriations for fiscal year 1984 to meet the expenses of hosting the annual meeting.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Reference to North Atlantic Assembly considered to be reference to NATO Parliamentary Assembly, see section 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title VII, § 701(b)(3)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1928b of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1934 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1934. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–329, title II, § 212(b)(1), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 745
text: Section, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. II, § 414, 68 Stat. 848; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. II, § 205(k), 72 Stat. 267; Oct. 18, 1962, Pub. L. 87–845, § 5, 76A Stat. 698; Nov. 14, 1967, Pub. L. 90–137, pt. IV, § 403, 81 Stat. 463; Dec. 17, 1973, Pub. L. 93–189, § 27, 87 Stat. 732; Nov. 29, 1975, Pub. L. 94–141, title I, § 150(a), 89 Stat. 760, related to authority of President to control export and import of arms, ammunition, and implements of war.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Reference to Former Section 1934 of This Title Deemed Reference to Section 2778
text: Pub. L. 94–329, title II, § 212(b)(1), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 745, provided in part that: “Any reference to such section [this section] shall be deemed to be a reference to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act [section 2778 of this title] and any reference to licenses issued under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act shall be deemed to include a reference to licenses issued under section 414 of the Mutual Security Act of 1954.”
heading: Savings Provision
text: Pub. L. 94–329, title II, § 212(b)(2), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 745, provided that: “All determinations, authorizations, regulations, orders, contracts, agreements, and other actions issued, undertaken, or entered into under section 414 of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 [this section] shall continue in full force and effect until modified, revoked, or superseded by appropriate authority.”
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Executive Order No. 11432
text: Ex. Ord. No. 11432, Oct. 22, 1968, 33 F.R. 15701, which amended section 301 of Ex. Ord. No. 10973, Nov. 6, 1961, 26 F.R. 10469, in regard to delegation of certain functions concerning arms control to the Department of the Treasury, was omitted in view of the subsequent amendment to section 301 by Ex. Ord. No. 11959, Jan. 18, 1977, 42 F.R. 4315.
22 U.S.C. § 1937 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1937. Irish counterpart account; approval of disposition
Pursuant to section 1513(b)(6) 1 of this title, the disposition within Ireland of the unencumbered balance, in the amount of approximately 6,000,000 Irish pounds, of the special account of Irish funds established under article IV of the Economic Cooperation Agreement between the United States of America and Ireland, dated June 28, 1948, for the purposes of—
(1) scholarship exchange between the United States and Ireland;
(2) other programs and projects (including the establishment of an Agricultural Institute) to improve and develop the agricultural production and marketing potential of Ireland and to increase the production and efficiency of Irish industry; and
(3) development programs and projects in aid of the foregoing objectives,
is approved, as provided in the agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Ireland, dated June 17, 1954.
(Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. II, § 417, 68 Stat. 849.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1513(b)(6) of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by section 542(a)(4) of act Aug. 26, 1954.
22 U.S.C. § 1943 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1943. Authorization of appropriations; restrictions; reports to congressional committees
In order to carry out the purposes of section 1942 of this title, there is authorized to be appropriated to the President not to exceed $680,000,000, which shall remain available until expended, and which the President may use, subject to such further legislative provisions as may be enacted, in addition to other funds available for such purposes, on such terms and conditions as he may specify: Provided, That none of the funds made available pursuant to this section shall be used to furnish assistance to any country in Latin America being subjected to economic or diplomatic sanctions by the Organization of American States. The Secretary of State shall keep the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House currently informed about plans and programs for the utilization of such funds.
(Pub. L. 86–735, § 2, Sept. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 870; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. IV, § 401(b), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 390.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1963—Pub. L. 88–205 substituted “$680,000,000” for “$500,000,000”.
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Delegation of Functions
text: For delegation of certain functions of President under this section, see Memorandum of President of the United States, May 30, 2001, 66 F.R. 30629, set out as a note under section 1942 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1944 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1944. Reconstruction assistance in Chile; authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the President not to exceed $100,000,000, which shall remain available until expended, for use, in addition to other funds available for such purposes, in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of Chile on such terms and conditions as the President may specify.
(Pub. L. 86–735, § 3, Sept. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 870.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Delegation of Functions
text: For delegation of certain functions of President under this section, see Memorandum of President of the United States, May 30, 2001, 66 F.R. 30629, set out as a note under section 1942 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1945 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1945. Utilization of funds for assistance in Latin America; availability for transportation of immigrants from Ryukyuan Archipelago
(a) Funds appropriated under sections 1943 and 1944 of this title may be used for assistance under sections 1942 to 1945 of this title pursuant to such provisions applicable to the furnishing of such assistance contained in any successor Act to the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, as the President determines to be necessary to carry out the purposes for which such funds are appropriated.
(b) Of the funds appropriated under section 1943 of this title not more than $800,000 shall be available only for assisting in transporting to and settling in Latin America selected immigrants from that portion of the Ryukyuan Archipelago under United States administration.
(Pub. L. 86–735, § 4, as added Pub. L. 87–195, pt. IV, § 706, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 463.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Mutual Security Act of 1954, referred to in text, is act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, 68 Stat. 832, as amended by acts July 8, 1955, ch. 301, 69 Stat. 283; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §§ 2 to 11, 70 Stat. 555; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, 71 Stat. 355; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. 1, §§ 101 to 103, ch. II, §§ 201 to 205, ch. III, § 301, ch. IV, § 401, ch. V, § 501, 72 Stat. 261; July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, § 2, ch. 1, § 101, ch. II, §§ 201 to 205(a) to (i), (k) to (n), ch. III, § 301, ch. IV, § 401(a) to (k), (m), 73 Stat. 246; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. I to V, 74 Stat. 134, which was principally classified to chapter 24 (§ 1750 et seq.) of this title and which was repealed by act July 18, 1956, ch. 627, § 8(m), 70 Stat. 559, Pub. L. 85–141, §§ 2(e), 3, 4(b), 11(d), Aug. 14, 1957, 71 Stat. 356, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. II, §§ 205(j), ch. IV, 401(1), July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 250, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. II, §§ 203(d), 204(k), May 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 138, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, § 642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460, Pub. L. 94–329, title II, § 212(b)(1), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 745, Pub. L. 104–127, title II, § 228, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 963, except for sections 1754, 1783, 1796, 1853, 1928, and 1937 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1754 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Repeals
text: Section 706 of Pub. L. 87–195, cited as a credit to this section was repealed by section 401 of Pub. L. 87–565, pt. IV, Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 263, except insofar as section 706 affected this section.
heading: Executive Documents
heading: Delegation of Functions
text: For delegation of certain functions of President under this section, see Memorandum of President of the United States, May 30, 2001, 66 F.R. 30629, set out as a note under section 1942 of this title.