dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
51 U.S.C. § 51102 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51102. Grant authority
(a) General Authority.—
To ensure the resiliency of the space transportation infrastructure of the United States, the Secretary of Transportation may make project grants to sponsors as provided in this chapter.
(b) Limitations.—
The Secretary may make a project grant under this chapter only if—
(1) at least 10 percent of the total cost of the project will be paid by the private sector; and
(2) the grant will not be for more than 50 percent of the total cost of the project.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1343, § 70302 of title 49; renumbered § 70302 then § 51102 of title 51, Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(B), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440, 3441.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70302(a)
15:5804(b) (1st sentence).
Nov. 4, 1992, Pub. L. 102–588, § 505(b) (1st sentence), (f), 106 Stat. 5125, 5127.
70302(b)
15:5804(f).
In subsection (a), the words “of the United States” are substituted for “Nation’s” for consistency.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–314 successively renumbered section 70302 of title 49 and section 70302 of this title as this section.
51 U.S.C. § 51105 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51105. Authorization of appropriations
Not more than $10,000,000 may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation to make grants under this chapter. Amounts appropriated under this section remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1345, § 70305 of title 49; renumbered § 70305 then § 51105 of title 51, Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(E), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440, 3441.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70305
15:5804(b) (2d, last sentences).
Nov. 4, 1992, Pub. L. 102–588, § 505(b) (2d, last sentences), 106 Stat. 5125.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–314 successively renumbered section 70305 of title 49 and section 70305 of this title as this section.
51 U.S.C. § 51501 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports
(a) Establishment of Office.—
Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall identify, within the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, a centralized policy office to be known as the Office of Spaceports.
(b) Functions.—
The Office of Spaceports shall—
(1) support licensing activities for operation of launch and reentry sites;
(2) develop policies that promote infrastructure improvements at spaceports;
(3) provide technical assistance and guidance to spaceports;
(4) promote United States spaceports within the Department; and
(5) strengthen the Nation’s competitiveness in commercial space transportation infrastructure and increase resilience for the Federal Government and commercial customers.
(c) Recognition.—
In carrying out the functions assigned in subsection (b), the Secretary shall recognize the unique needs and distinctions of spaceports that host— 1
(1) launches to or reentries from orbit; and
(2) are involved in suborbital launch activities.
(d) Director.—
The head of the Office of the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation shall designate a Director of the Office of Spaceports.
(e) Definition.—
In this section the term “spaceport” means a launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the Secretary of Transportation.
(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title V, § 580(b)(1), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3395.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–254, which was approved Oct. 5, 2018.
51 U.S.C. § 60125 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60125. Agency activities
(a) License Application and Issuance.—
A private sector party may apply for a license to operate a private remote sensing space system which utilizes, on a space-available basis, a civilian United States Government satellite or vehicle as a platform for such system. The Secretary, pursuant to this subchapter, may license such system if it meets all conditions of this subchapter and—
(1) the system operator agrees to reimburse the Government in a timely manner for all related costs incurred with respect to such utilization, including a reasonable and proportionate share of fixed, platform, data transmission, and launch costs; and
(2) such utilization would not interfere with or otherwise compromise intended civilian Government missions, as determined by the agency responsible for such civilian platform.
(b) Assistance.—
The Secretary may offer assistance to private sector parties in finding appropriate opportunities for such utilization.
(c) Agreements.—
To the extent provided in advance by appropriation Acts, any United States Government agency may enter into agreements for such utilization if such agreements are consistent with such agency’s mission and statutory authority, and if such remote sensing space system is licensed by the Secretary before commencing operation.
(d) Applicability.—
This section does not apply to activities carried out under subchapter IV.
(e) Effect on FCC Authority.—
Nothing in this subchapter shall affect the authority of the Federal Communications Commission pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3416.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60125
15 U.S.C. 5625.
Pub. L. 102–555, title II, § 205, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4173.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (e), is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telecommunications. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.
51 U.S.C. § 60126 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60126. Annual reports
(a) In General.—
The Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act, and annually thereafter, on—
(1) the Secretary’s implementation of section 60121, including—
(A) a list of all applications received in the previous calendar year;
(B) a list of all applications that resulted in a license under section 60121;
(C) a list of all applications denied and an explanation of why each application was denied, including any information relevant to the interagency adjudication process of a licensing request;
(D) a list of all applications that required additional information; and
(E) a list of all applications whose disposition exceeded the 120 day deadline established in section 60121(c), the total days overdue for each application that exceeded such deadline, and an explanation for the delay;
(2) all notifications and information provided to the Secretary under section 60122; and
(3) a description of all actions taken by the Secretary under the administrative authority granted by paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of section 60123(a).
(b) Classified Annexes.—
Each report under subsection (a) may include classified annexes as necessary to protect the disclosure of sensitive or classified information.
(c) Sunset.—
The reporting requirement under this section terminates effective September 30, 2020.
(Added Pub. L. 114–90, title II, § 201(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 719.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–90, which was approved Nov. 25, 2015.
51 U.S.C. § 60146 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60146. Radio frequency allocation
(a) Application to Federal Communications Commission.—
To the extent required by the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.), an application shall be filed with the Federal Communications Commission for any radio facilities involved with commercial remote sensing space systems licensed under subchapter III.
(b) Deadline for FCC Action.—
It is the intent of Congress that the Federal Communications Commission complete the radio licensing process under the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.), upon the application of any private sector party or consortium operator of any commercial land remote sensing space system subject to this chapter, within 120 days of the receipt of an application for such licensing. If final action has not occurred within 120 days of the receipt of such an application, the Federal Communications Commission shall inform the applicant of any pending issues and of actions required to resolve them.
(c) Development and Construction of United States Systems.—
Authority shall not be required from the Federal Communications Commission for the development and construction of any United States land remote sensing space system (or component thereof), other than radio transmitting facilities or components, while any licensing determination is being made.
(d) Consistency With International Obligations and Public Interest.—
Frequency allocations made pursuant to this section by the Federal Communications Commission shall be consistent with international obligations and with the public interest.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3420.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60146
15 U.S.C. 5656.
Pub. L. 102–555, title V, § 506, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4177.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telecommunications. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.
51 U.S.C. § 60304 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60304. Program evaluation
(a) Advisory Committee.—
The Administrator shall establish an advisory committee, consisting of individuals with appropriate expertise in State, local, regional, and tribal agencies, the university research community, and the remote sensing and other geospatial information industries, to monitor the program established under section 60303 of this title. The advisory committee shall consult with the Federal Geographic Data Committee and other appropriate industry representatives and organizations. Notwithstanding section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C.), the advisory committee established under this subsection shall remain in effect until the termination of the program under section 60303 of this title.
(b) Effectiveness Evaluation.—
Not later than December 31, 2009, the Administrator shall transmit to Congress an evaluation of the effectiveness of the program established under section 60303 of this title in exploring and promoting the integrated use of sources of remote sensing and other geospatial information to address State, local, regional, and tribal agency needs. Such evaluation shall have been conducted by an independent entity.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3424.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60304
42 U.S.C. 16674.
Pub. L. 109–155, title III, § 314, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2921.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
51 U.S.C. § 60505 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60505. Coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(a) Joint Working Group.—
The Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall appoint a Joint Working Group, which shall review and monitor missions of the two agencies to ensure maximum coordination in the design, operation, and transition of missions where appropriate. The Joint Working Group shall also prepare the plans required by subsection (c).
(b) Coordination Report.—
Not later than February 15 of each year, the Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall jointly transmit a report to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on how the Earth science programs of the Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will be coordinated during the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the report is transmitted.
(c) Coordination of Transition Planning and Reporting.—
The Administrator, in conjunction with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in consultation with other relevant agencies, shall evaluate relevant Administration science missions for their potential operational capabilities and shall prepare transition plans for the existing and future Earth observing systems found to have potential operational capabilities.
(d) Limitation.—
The Administrator shall not transfer any Administration Earth science mission or Earth observing system to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration until the plan required under subsection (c) has been approved by the Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and until financial resources have been identified to support the transition or transfer in the President’s budget request for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3426.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60505
42 U.S.C. 16656.
Pub. L. 109–155, title III, § 306, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2919.
In subsection (b), the words “beginning with the first fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act [December 30, 2005]” are omitted as obsolete.
In subsection (b), the words “Committee on Science and Technology” are substituted for “Committee on Science” on authority of Rule X(1)(o) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007).
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
51 U.S.C. § 60606 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60606. Space weather knowledge transfer and information exchange
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to establish a Space Weather Government-Academic-Commercial Roundtable to facilitate communication and knowledge transfer among Government participants in the space weather interagency working group established under section 60601(c), the academic community, and the commercial space weather sector to—
(1) facilitate advances in space weather prediction and forecasting;
(2) increase coordination of space weather research to operations and operations to research; and
(3) improve preparedness for potential space weather phenomena.
(Pub. L. 116–181, § 2(b), Oct. 21, 2020, 134 Stat. 891.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 116–181, which was approved Oct. 21, 2020.
51 U.S.C. § 70101 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70101. Recovery of fair value of placing Department of Defense payloads in orbit with space launch system
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, or any interagency agreement, the Administrator shall charge such prices as are necessary to recover the fair value of placing Department of Defense payloads into orbit by means of the space launch system.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3427; Pub. L. 114–90, title I, § 117(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 717.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70101
42 U.S.C. 2464.
Pub. L. 97–324, title I, § 106(a), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1600.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Pub. L. 114–90 substituted “space launch system” for “space shuttle” in section catchline and text.
51 U.S.C. § 70103 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70103. Commercial payloads on space launch system
(a) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) Launch vehicle.—
The term “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or placing a payload in, outer space.
(2) Payload.—
The term “payload” means an object which a person undertakes to place in outer space by means of a launch vehicle, and includes subcomponents of the launch vehicle specifically designed or adapted for that object.
(b) In General.—
Commercial payloads may not be accepted for launch as primary payloads on the space launch system unless the Administrator determines that—
(1) the payload requires the unique capabilities of the space launch system; or
(2) launching of the payload on the space launch system is important for either national security or foreign policy purposes.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3428; Pub. L. 114–90, title I, § 117(a)(4), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 718.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70103(a)
42 U.S.C. 2465c.
Pub. L. 101–611, title II, § 203, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3206; Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 203(2), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2855.
70103(b)
42 U.S.C. 2465f.
Pub. L. 101–611, title II, § 206, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3207; Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 203(4), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2855.
In subsection (a), the words “this section” are substituted for “this title”, meaning title II of Public Law 101–611, because title II of Public Law 101–611 was previously repealed except for section 201 (a short title provision, classified to 42 U.S.C. 2451 note, in which neither defined term appears) and sections 203 (42 U.S.C. 2465c) and 206 (42 U.S.C. 2465f) of Public Law 101–611, which are restated in this section.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Pub. L. 114–90 substituted “space launch system” for “space shuttle” in section catchline and wherever appearing in text.
51 U.S.C. § 70502 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70502. Exploration plan and programs
The Administrator shall—
(1) construct an architecture and implementation plan for the Administration’s human exploration program that is not critically dependent on the achievement of milestones by fixed dates;
(2) implement an exploration research and technology development program to enable human and robotic operations consistent with section 20302(b) of this title;
(3) conduct an in-situ resource utilization technology program to develop the capability to use space resources to increase independence from Earth, and sustain exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and
(4) pursue aggressively automated rendezvous and docking capabilities that can support the International Space Station and other mission requirements.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3430; Pub. L. 115–10, title IV, § 415, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 34.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70502
42 U.S.C. 16763.
Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 503, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929.
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–10 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “implement an exploration technology development program to enable lunar human and robotic operations consistent with section 20302(b) of this title, including surface power to use on the Moon and other locations;”.
51 U.S.C. § 70506 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70506. Exploration technology research
The Administrator shall carry out a program of long-term exploration-related technology research and development, including such things as in-space propulsion, power systems, life support, and advanced avionics, that is not tied to specific flight projects. The program shall have the funding goal of ensuring that the technology research and development can be completed in a timely manner in order to support the safe, successful, and sustainable exploration of the solar system. In addition, in order to ensure that the broadest range of innovative concepts and technologies are captured, the long-term technology program shall have the goal of having a significant portion of its funding available for external grants and contracts with universities, research institutions, and industry.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70506
42 U.S.C. 17733(b).
Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 405(b), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Purpose
text: Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 405(a), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789, provided that: “A robust program of long-term exploration-related technology research and development will be essential for the success and sustainability of any enduring initiative of human and robotic exploration of the solar system.”
heading: Innovative Technologies for Human Space Flight
text: Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 313, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1594, provided that:
“(a) Establishment of Program.—
In order to promote a ‘faster, cheaper, better’ approach to the human exploration and development of space, the Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall establish a Human Space Flight Innovative Technologies program of ground-based and space-based research and development in innovative technologies. The program shall be part of the Technology and Commercialization program.
“(b) Awards.—
At least 75 percent of the amount appropriated for Technology and Commercialization under section 101(b)(4) [114 Stat. 1581] for any fiscal year shall be awarded through broadly distributed announcements of opportunity that solicit proposals from educational institutions, industry, nonprofit institutions, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Centers, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, other Federal agencies, and other interested organizations, and that allow partnerships among any combination of those entities, with evaluation, prioritization, and recommendations made by external peer review panels.
“(c) Plan.—
The Administrator shall provide to the Committee on Science [now Committee on Science, Space, and Technology] of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, not later than December 1, 2000, a plan to implement the program established under subsection (a).”