dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 6461 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6461. Exports of certain items used in particularly severe violations of religious freedom
(a) Mandatory licensing
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Commerce, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall include on the list of crime control and detection instruments or equipment controlled for export and reexport under section 4605(n) 1 of title 50 or under any other provision of law, items being exported or reexported to countries of particular concern for religious freedom that the Secretary of Commerce, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, and in consultation with appropriate officials including the Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor and the Ambassador at Large, determines are being used or are intended for use directly and in significant measure to carry out particularly severe violations of religious freedom.
(b) Licensing ban
The prohibition on the issuance of a license for export of crime control and detection instruments or equipment under section 2304(a)(2) of this title shall apply to the export and reexport of any item included pursuant to subsection (a) on the list of crime control instruments.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title IV, § 423, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2810.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 4605(n) of title 50, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.
22 U.S.C. § 6471 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6471. Use of Annual Report
The Annual Report, together with other relevant documentation, shall serve as a resource for immigration judges and consular, refugee, and asylum officers in cases involving claims of persecution on the grounds of religion. Absence of reference by the Annual Report to conditions described by the alien shall not constitute the sole grounds for a denial of the alien’s claim.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title VI, § 601, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2812.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions
text: For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
22 U.S.C. § 6473 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6473. Reform of asylum policy
(a) Guidelines
The Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall develop guidelines to ensure that persons with potential biases against individuals on the grounds of religion, race, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, including interpreters and personnel of airlines owned by governments known to be involved in practices which would meet the definition of persecution under international refugee law, shall not in any manner be used to interpret conversations between aliens and inspection or asylum officers.
(b) Training for asylum and immigration officers
The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large, and other relevant officials such as the Director of the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center, shall provide training to all officers adjudicating asylum cases, and to immigration officers performing duties under section 1225(b) of title 8, on the nature of religious persecution abroad, including country-specific conditions, instruction on the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion, instruction on methods of religious persecution practiced in foreign countries, and applicable distinctions within a country in the treatment of various religious practices and believers.
(c) Training for immigration judges
The Executive Office of Immigration Review of the Department of Justice shall incorporate into its initial and ongoing training of immigration judges training on the extent and nature of religious persecution internationally, including country-specific conditions, and including use of the Annual Report. Such training shall include governmental and nongovernmental methods of persecution employed, and differences in the treatment of religious groups by such persecuting entities.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title VI, § 603, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2813; Pub. L. 107–132, § 1(b), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2412.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–132 substituted “George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center” for “National Foreign Affairs Training Center”.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions
text: For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
22 U.S.C. § 6473a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6473a. Designated persons list for particularly severe violations of religious freedom
(a) List
(1) In general
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Ambassador at Large and in consultation with relevant government and nongovernment experts, shall establish and maintain a list of foreign individuals to whom a consular post has denied a visa on the grounds of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under section 1182(a)(2)(G) of title 8, or who are subject to financial sanctions or other measures for particularly severe violations of freedom religion.
(2) Reference
The list required under paragraph (1) shall be known as the “Designated Persons List for Particularly Severe Violations of Religious Freedom”.
(b) Report
(1) In general
The Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that contains the list required under subsection (a), including, with respect to each foreign individual on the list—
(A) the name of the individual and a description of the particularly severe violation of religious freedom committed by the individual;
(B) the name of the country or other location in which such violation took place; and
(C) a description of the actions taken pursuant to this chapter or any other Act or Executive order in response to such violation.
(2) Submission and updates
The Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—
(A) the initial report required under paragraph (1) not later than 180 days after December 16, 2016; and
(B) updates to the report every 180 days thereafter and as new information becomes available.
(3) Form
The report required under paragraph (1) should be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
(4) Definition
In this subsection, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
(F) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title VI, § 605, as added Pub. L. 114–281, title V, § 501(2), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1437.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, known as the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 605 of Pub. L. 105–292 was renumbered section 606 and is classified to section 6474 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6483 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6483. Sense of Congress regarding national security strategy to promote religious freedom through United States foreign policy
It is the sense of Congress that the annual national security strategy report of the President required under section 3043 of title 50—
(1) should promote international religious freedom as a foreign policy and national security priority; and
(2) should articulate that promotion of the right to freedom of religion is a strategy that—
(A) protects other, related human rights, and advances democracy outside the United States; and
(B) makes clear its importance to United States foreign policy goals of stability, security, development, and diplomacy;
(3) should be a guide for the strategies and activities of relevant Federal agencies; and
(4) should inform the Department of Defense quadrennial defense review under section 118 1 of title 10 and the Department of State Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title VII, § 703, as added Pub. L. 114–281, title VI, § 601, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1439.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 118 of title 10, referred to in par. (4), was repealed by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title IX, § 941(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2367. Subsequently, a new section 118 of Title 10, Armed Forces, related to annual report on major weapons systems sustainment, was added by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title III, § 351(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1319. For provisions related to national defense strategy similar to those contained in former section 118 of Title 10 prior to repeal, see section 113(g) of Title 10.
22 U.S.C. § 6501 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6501. Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to strengthen—
(A) the coordination of United States foreign policy; and
(B) the leading role of the Secretary of State in the formulation and articulation of United States foreign policy;
(2) to consolidate and reinvigorate the foreign affairs functions of the United States within the Department of State by—
(A) abolishing the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States Information Agency, and the United States International Development Cooperation Agency, and transferring the functions of these agencies to the Department of State while preserving the special missions and skills of these agencies;
(B) transferring certain functions of the Agency for International Development to the Department of State; and
(C) providing for the reorganization of the Department of State to maximize the efficient use of resources, which may lead to budget savings, eliminated redundancy in functions, and improvement in the management of the Department of State;
(3) to ensure that programs critical to the promotion of United States national interests be maintained;
(4) to assist congressional efforts to balance the Federal budget and reduce the Federal debt;
(5) to ensure that the United States maintains effective representation abroad within budgetary restraints; and
(6) to encourage United States foreign affairs agencies to maintain a high percentage of the best qualified, most competent United States citizens serving in the United States Government.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XI, § 1102, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–765.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this subdivision”, meaning subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–765, known as the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998. For complete classification of this subdivision to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, § 1001, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–761, provided that: “This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998’.”
Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XI, § 1101, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–765, provided that: “This subdivision [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998’.”
22 U.S.C. § 6502 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6502. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) ACDA
The term “ACDA” means the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
(2) AID
The term “AID” means the United States Agency for International Development.
(3) Agency; Federal agency
The term “agency” or “Federal agency” means an Executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5.
(4) Appropriate congressional committees
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(5) Covered agency
The term “covered agency” means any of the following agencies: ACDA, USIA, IDCA, and AID.
(6) Department
The term “Department” means the Department of State.
(7) Function
The term “function” means any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, activity, or program.
(8) IDCA
The term “IDCA” means the United States International Development Cooperation Agency.
(9) Office
The term “office” includes any office, administration, agency, institute, unit, organizational entity, or component thereof.
(10) Secretary
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of State.
(11) USIA
The term “USIA” means the United States Information Agency.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XI, § 1103, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–766.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this subdivision”, meaning subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–765, known as the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998. For complete classification of this subdivision to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6501 of this title and Tables.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
22 U.S.C. § 6503 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6503. Report on budgetary cost savings resulting from reorganization
The Secretary of State shall submit a report, together with the congressional presentation document for the budget of the Department of State for each of the fiscal years 2000 and 2001, to the appropriate congressional committees describing the total anticipated and achieved cost savings in budget outlays and budget authority related to the reorganization implemented under this chapter, including cost savings by each of the following categories:
(1) Reductions in personnel.
(2) Administrative consolidation, including procurement.
(3) Program consolidation.
(4) Consolidation of real properties and leases.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XI, § 1104, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–767.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this subdivision”, meaning subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–765, known as the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998. For complete classification of this subdivision to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6501 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 6511 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6511. Abolition of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
The United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency is abolished.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1211, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–767.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1201, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–767, provided that:
“This title [see Tables for classification], and the amendments made by this title, shall take effect on the earlier of—
“(1) April 1, 1999; or
“(2) the date of abolition [Apr. 1, 1999] of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency pursuant to the reorganization plan described in section 1601 [22 U.S.C. 6601].”
22 U.S.C. § 6512 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6512. Transfer of functions to Secretary of State
There are transferred to the Secretary of State all functions of the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and all functions of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and any office or component of such agency, under any statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, or other provision of law, as of the day before the effective date of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1212, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–767.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: For the effective date of this subchapter, referred to in text, meaning the effective date of title XII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 6511 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6521 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6521. References
Except as otherwise provided in section 1223 or 1225, any reference in any statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, regulation, agreement, determination, or other official document or proceeding to—
(1) the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, or any other officer or employee of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency or the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of State; or
(2) the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency or the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency shall be deemed to refer to the Department of State.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1221, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–768.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1223, referred to in text, is section 1223 of title XII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, which amended sections 2551, 2552, 2567, 2568, 2571 to 2574, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2581, 2584, 2593a, 2593b, 2595, 2595a, 2595b–1, and 2595c of this title.
Section 1225, referred to in text, is section 1225 of title XII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, which amended sections 2321d, 2695, 2776, 2778, 2791, 2797, 2797b, 3203, 3222, 3282, 4605, and 4606 of this title, section 194a of Title 2, The Congress, sections 2077, 2139, 2139a, 2141, 2153, 2155, 2156a, 2160, and 2160a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 40118 of Title 49, Transportation.
22 U.S.C. § 6531 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6531. Abolition of United States Information Agency
The United States Information Agency (other than the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the International Broadcasting Bureau) is abolished.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1311, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1301, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776, provided that:
“This title [see Tables for classification], and the amendments made by this title, shall take effect on the earlier of—
“(1) October 1, 1999; or
“(2) the date of abolition [Oct. 1, 1999] of the United States Information Agency pursuant to the reorganization plan described in section 1601 [22 U.S.C. 6601].”
22 U.S.C. § 6532 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6532. Transfer of functions
(a) In general
There are transferred to the Secretary of State all functions of the Director of the United States Information Agency and all functions of the United States Information Agency and any office or component of such agency, under any statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, or other provision of law, as of the day before the effective date of this subchapter.
(b) Exception
Subsection (a) does not apply to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, the International Broadcasting Bureau, or any function performed by the Board or the Bureau.
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1312, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: For the effective date of this subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a), meaning the effective date of title XIII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 6531 of this title.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
22 U.S.C. § 6533 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6533. Abolition of Office of Inspector General of United States Information Agency and transfer of functions
(a) Abolition of Office
The Office of Inspector General of the United States Information Agency is abolished.
(b) to (d) Omitted
(e) Transfer of functions
There are transferred to the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of State and the Foreign Service the functions that the Office of Inspector General of the United States Information Agency exercised before the effective date of this subchapter (including all related functions of the Inspector General of the United States Information Agency).
(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1314, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: For the effective date of this subchapter, referred to in subsec. (e), meaning the effective date of title XIII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 6531 of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section is comprised of section 1314 of Pub. L. 105–277. Subsec. (b) of section 1314 of Pub. L. 105–277 amended section 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and subsecs. (c) and (d) of section 1314 of Pub. L. 105–277 amended section 5315 of Title 5 and section 6207 of this title, respectively.