dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 1437 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1437. Utilization of private agencies
In carrying out the provisions of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors to utilize, to the maximum extent practicable, the services and facilities of private agencies, including existing American press, publishing, radio, motion picture, and other agencies, through contractual arrangements or otherwise. It is the intent of Congress that the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall encourage participation in carrying out the purposes of this chapter by the maximum number of different private agencies in each field consistent with the present or potential market for their services in each country.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, § 1005, 62 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1078(d)(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1959.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Pub. L. 112–239 inserted “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary” in two places.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1078(e), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1959, provided that: “This section [amending this section and sections 1461, 1461–1a, and 1462 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1461 of this title] shall take effect and apply on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section [Jan. 2, 2013].”
22 U.S.C. § 1462 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1462. Policies governing information activities
In authorizing international information activities under this chapter, it is the sense of the Congress (1) that the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall reduce such Government information activities whenever corresponding private information dissemination is found to be adequate; (2) that nothing in this chapter shall be construed to give the Department or the Broadcasting Board of Governors a monopoly in the production or sponsorship on the air of short-wave broadcasting programs, or a monopoly in any other medium of information.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 502, 62 Stat. 10; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1078(d)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1958.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Pub. L. 112–239 inserted “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary” and “or the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Department”.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 112–239 effective and applicable on the date that is 180 days after Jan. 2, 2013, see section 1078(e) of Pub. L. 112–239, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1464b (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1464b. Voice of America hiring practices
(a) Prohibition
After February 16, 1990, the Voice of America shall not select candidates for employment who must be or are preapproved for employment at the Voice of America by a foreign government or an entity controlled by a foreign government.
(b) Exception
The prohibition referred to in this section shall not apply to—
(1) participants in the Voice of America’s exchange programs; or
(2) clerical, technical, or maintenance staff at Voice of America offices in foreign countries.
(c) Report
If the Broadcasting Board of Governors determines that the prohibition under subsection (a) would require the termination of a specific Voice of America foreign language service, then, not less than 90 days before the Board begins to recruit such candidates, the Board shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report concerning—
(1) the number and location of speakers of the applicable foreign language who could be recruited by the Voice of America without violating this section; and
(2) the efforts made by the Voice of America to recruit such individuals for employment.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 506, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 232, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 57; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1335(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–787.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, in introductory provisions, substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “Director of the United States Information Agency”, “Board begins” for “Agency begins”, and “Board shall” for “Director shall”.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1465d (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1465d. Assistance from other government agencies
(a) In order to assist the Broadcasting Board of Governors in carrying out the purposes set forth in section 1465 of this title, any agency or instrumentality of the United States may sell, loan, lease, or grant property (including interests therein) and may perform administrative and technical support and services at the request of the Board. Support and services shall be provided on a reimbursable basis. Any reimbursement shall be credited to the appropriation from which the property, support, or services was derived.
(b) The Board may carry out the purposes of section 1465a of this title by means of grants, leases, or contracts (subject to the availability of appropriations), or such other means as the Board determines will be most effective.
(Pub. L. 98–111, § 6, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1324(1), (2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–781.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277 substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “United States Information Agency” and “Board” for “Agency”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(2), substituted “Board” for “Agency” in two places.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1465f (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1465f. Authorization of appropriations
(a) There are authorized to be appropriated for the Broadcasting Board of Governors $14,000,000 for fiscal year 1984 and $11,000,000 for fiscal year 1985 to carry out sections 1465a and 1465b of this title. The amount obligated by the Broadcasting Board of Governors in ensuing fiscal years shall be sufficient to maintain broadcasts to Cuba under this subchapter at rates no less than the fiscal year 1985 level.
(b) In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated to the Board for the fiscal years 1984 and 1985, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Board $54,800,000 for the fiscal year 1984 and $54,800,000 for the fiscal year 1985, which amounts shall be available only for expenses incurred by essential modernization of the facilities and operations of the Voice of America.
(c) Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to be made available until expended.
(Pub. L. 98–111, § 8, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1324(1), (2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–781.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(1), substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “United States Information Agency” in two places.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(2), substituted “Board” for “Agency” in two places.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1465dd (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1465dd. Assistance from other Government agencies
In order to assist the Broadcasting Board of Governors in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, any agency or instrumentality of the United States may sell, loan, lease, or grant property (including interests therein) and may perform administrative and technical support and services at the request of the Board.
(Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 246, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1325(1), (3), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–781.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Pub. L. 105–277 substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “United States Information Agency” and “the Board” for “the Agency”.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2194a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2194a. Contract authority of Corporation; specific authorization in appropriation Acts required
The authority of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to enter into contracts under section 2194(a) 1 of this title shall be effective for any fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1981, only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts.
(Pub. L. 97–65, § 5(b)(2), Oct. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1023.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2194(a) of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513, effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments of 1981, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to the United States International Development Finance Corporation and treatment of related references, see sections 9683 and 9686(d) of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2194b...2196 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§§ 2194b to 2196. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513
text: Section 2194b, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 234A, as added Pub. L. 99–204, § 9(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1672; amended Pub. L. 100–461, title V, § 555, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268–36, related to enhancing private political risk insurance industry.
text: Section 2195, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 235, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 813; amended Pub. L. 93–189, § 6(1), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 93–390, § 2(3), Aug. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 95–268, § 4, Apr. 24, 1978, 92 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 97–65, § 5(a), (b)(1), (c), Oct. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1022, 1023; Pub. L. 99–204, §§ 9(b)(1), 10, 17(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1673, 1676; Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2203(b), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1328; Pub. L. 100–461, title V, § 555, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268–36; Pub. L. 102–549, title I, § 104, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3652; Pub. L. 103–392, title I, §§ 101–104, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4098; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(c) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–123; Pub. L. 105–118, title V, § 581, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2435; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 599E], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–132; Pub. L. 106–158, § 2, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 108–158, §§ 2, 3(a)–(d), Dec. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1949, related to issuing authority, direct investment authority and reserves.
text: Section 2196, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 236, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 814, related to income and revenues.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, see section 9684 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2296b (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2296b. Development of infrastructure
(a) Purpose of programs
The purposes of programs under this section include—
(1) to develop the physical infrastructure necessary for regional cooperation among the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia; and
(2) to encourage closer economic relations and to facilitate the removal of impediments to cross-border commerce among those countries and the United States and other developed nations.
(b) Authorization for programs
To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the following types of programs for the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia may be used to support the activities described in subsection (c):
(1) Activities by the Export-Import Bank to complete the review process for eligibility for financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.].
(2) The provision of insurance, reinsurance, financing, or other assistance by the United States International Development Finance Corporation.
(3) Assistance under section 2421 of this title (relating to the Trade and Development Agency).
(c) Activities supported
Activities that may be supported by programs under subsection (b) include promoting actively the participation of United States companies and investors in the planning, financing, and construction of infrastructure for communications, transportation, including air transportation, and energy and trade including highways, railroads, port facilities, shipping, banking, insurance, telecommunications networks, and gas and oil pipelines.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 499B, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 596(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–124; amended Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1470(j)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3517.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act July 31, 1945, ch. 341, 59 Stat. 526, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 635 et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 635 of Title 12 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–254, which directed amendment of “section 449B(b)(2)” of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 by substituting “United States International Development Finance Corporation” for “Overseas Private Investment Corporation”, was executed to this section, which is section 499B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, see section 1470(w) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress.
22 U.S.C. § 2698 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2698. Procurement of legal services
(a) The Secretary of State may, without regard to section 3106 of title 5, authorize a principal officer of the Foreign Service to procure legal services whenever such services are required for the protection of the interests of the Government or to enable a member of the Service to carry on the member’s work efficiently.
(b) The authority available to the Secretary of State under this section shall be available to the Broadcasting Board of Governors,1 and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development with respect to the Board and the Agency.
(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, § 26, as added Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2201(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2154; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 97–241, title II, § 202(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 282; amended Pub. L. 101–246, title III, § 303, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 64; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1335(l)(3), title XIV, § 1422(b)(3)(B), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–789, 2681–792; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title VIII, § 802(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–468.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–113 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 105–277, § 1422(b)(3)(B). See 1998 Amendment note below.
1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1422(b)(3)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 106–113, substituted “Administrator of the Agency for International Development” for “Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency”.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 1335(l)(3), substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors,” for “Director of the United States Information Agency, the chairman of the Board for International Broadcasting,” and “with respect to the Board and the Agency” for “with respect to their respective agencies”.
1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–246 substituted “United States Information Agency, the chairman of the Board for International Broadcasting,” for “International Communication Agency”.
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by section 1335(l)(3) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
Amendment by section 1422(b)(3)(B) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1401 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6561 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as a note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2732 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2732. Public diplomacy responsibilities of the Department of State
(a) Integral component
The Secretary of State shall make public diplomacy an integral component in the planning and execution of United States foreign policy.
(b) Coordination and development of strategy
The Secretary shall make every effort to—
(1) coordinate, subject to the direction of the President, the public diplomacy activities of Federal agencies; and
(2) coordinate with the Broadcasting Board of Governors to—
(A) develop a comprehensive and coherent strategy for the use of public diplomacy resources; and
(B) develop and articulate long-term measurable objectives for United States public diplomacy.
(c) Objectives
The strategy developed pursuant to subsection (b) shall include public diplomacy efforts targeting developed and developing countries and select and general audiences, using appropriate media to properly explain the foreign policy of the United States to the governments and populations of such countries, with the objectives of increasing support for United States policies and providing news and information. The Secretary shall, through the most effective mechanisms, counter misinformation and propaganda concerning the United States. The Secretary shall continue to articulate the importance of freedom, democracy, and human rights as fundamental principles underlying United States foreign policy goals.
(d) Identification of United States foreign assistance
In cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other public and private assistance organizations and agencies, the Secretary should ensure that information relating to foreign assistance provided by the United States, nongovernmental organizations, and private entities of the United States is disseminated widely, and particularly, to the extent practicable, within countries and regions that receive such assistance. The Secretary should ensure that, to the extent practicable, projects funded by USAID not involving commodities, including projects implemented by private voluntary organizations, are identified as provided by the people of the United States.
(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, § 60, as added Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7109(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3792.)
heading: Change of Name
text: Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(22) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.