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5 U.S.C. § 5757 (GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES)
§ 5757.1 Payment of expenses to obtain professional credentials
(a) An agency may use appropriated funds or funds otherwise available to the agency to pay for—
(1) expenses for employees to obtain professional credentials, including expenses for professional accreditation, State-imposed and professional licenses, and professional certification; and
(2) examinations to obtain such credentials.
(b) The authority under subsection (a) may not be exercised on behalf of any employee occupying or seeking to qualify for appointment to any position that is excepted from the competitive service because of the confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character of the position.
(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, § 1112(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1238.)
5 U.S.C. § 7351 (GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES)
§ 7351. Gifts to superiors
(a) An employee may not—
(1) solicit a contribution from another employee for a gift to an official superior;
(2) make a donation as a gift or give a gift to an official superior; or
(3) accept a gift from an employee receiving less pay than himself.
(b) An employee who violates this section shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary action by the employing agency or entity.
(c) Each supervising ethics office (as defined in section 7353(d)(1)) is authorized to issue regulations implementing this section, including regulations exempting voluntary gifts or contributions that are given or received for special occasions such as marriage or retirement or under other circumstances in which gifts are traditionally given or exchanged.
(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 527; Pub. L. 101–194, title III, § 301, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(a), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 157.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Derivation
U.S. Code
Revised Statutes and
Statutes at Large
5 U.S.C. 113.
R.S. § 1784.
The application of the section is confined to employees, since the President and Members of Congress, though officers, could not have been intended to be “summarily discharged”, and members of uniformed services are not covered by this statute. In the last sentence, the word “removed” is substituted for “summarily discharged” because of the provisions of the Lloyd-LaFollette Act, 37 Stat. 555, as amended, and the Veterans’ Preference Act of 1944, 58 Stat. 387, as amended, which are carried into this title.
Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.
heading: Amendments
text: 1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(a)(1), inserted “or give a gift” after “donation as a gift”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(a)(2), substituted “Each supervising ethics office (as defined in section 7353(d)(1))” for “The Office of Government Ethics” and “circumstances in which gifts are traditionally given or exchanged” for “similar circumstances”.
1989—Pub. L. 101–194 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), struck out “An employee who violates this section shall be removed from the service.” at end, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
heading: Inapplicability to Transfers of Unused Accrued Annual Leave by Federal Employees; Exception
text: Pub. L. 100–284, Apr. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 81, provided that section 7351 of this title would not apply to leave transfers under certain programs covering Federal employees during fiscal year ending on Sept. 30, 1988, except as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe.
5 U.S.C. § 9801 (GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES)
§ 9801. Definitions
For purposes of this chapter—
(1) the term “Administration” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(2) the term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(3) the term “critical need” means a specific and important safety, management, engineering, science, research, or operations requirement of the Administration’s mission that the Administration is unable to fulfill because the Administration lacks the appropriate employees because—
(A) of the inability to fill positions; or
(B) employees do not possess the requisite skills;
(4) the term “employee” means an individual employed in or under the Administration;
(5) the term “workforce plan” means the plan required under section 9802(a);
(6) the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
(A) the Committees on Government Reform, Science, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
(B) the Committees on Governmental Affairs, Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and Appropriations of the Senate;
(7) the term “redesignation bonus” means a bonus under section 9804 paid to an individual described in subsection (a)(2) thereof;
(8) the term “supervisor” has the meaning given such term by section 7103(a)(10); and
(9) the term “management official” has the meaning given such term by section 7103(a)(11).
(Added Pub. L. 108–201, § 3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 461.)
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019.
Committee on Science of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.
11 U.S.C. § 1181 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1181. Inapplicability of other sections
(a) In General.—
Sections 105(d), 1101(1), 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1115, 1116, 1121, 1123(a)(8), 1123(c), 1127, 1129(a)(15), 1129(b), 1129(c), 1129(e), and 1141(d)(5) of this title do not apply in a case under this subchapter.
(b) Court Authority.—
Unless the court for cause orders otherwise, paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section 1102(a) and sections 1102(b), 1103, and 1125 of this title do not apply in a case under this subchapter.
(c) Special Rule for Discharge.—
If a plan is confirmed under section 1191(b) of this title, section 1141(d) of this title shall not apply, except as provided in section 1192 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1079.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1182 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1182. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1) Debtor.—
The term “debtor” means a small business debtor.
(2) Debtor in possession.—
The term “debtor in possession” means the debtor, unless removed as debtor in possession under section 1185(a) of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1079.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1183 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1183. Trustee
(a) In General.—
If the United States trustee has appointed an individual under section 586(b) of title 28 to serve as standing trustee in cases under this subchapter, and if such individual qualifies as a trustee under section 322 of this title, then that individual shall serve as trustee in any case under this subchapter. Otherwise, the United States trustee shall appoint one disinterested person to serve as trustee in the case or the United States trustee may serve as trustee in the case, as necessary.
(b) Duties.—
The trustee shall—
(1) perform the duties specified in paragraphs (2), (5), (6), (7), and (9) of section 704(a) of this title;
(2) perform the duties specified in paragraphs (3), (4), and (7) of section 1106(a) of this title, if the court, for cause and on request of a party in interest, the trustee, or the United States trustee, so orders;
(3) appear and be heard at the status conference under section 1188 of this title and any hearing that concerns—
(A) the value of property subject to a lien;
(B) confirmation of a plan filed under this subchapter;
(C) modification of the plan after confirmation; or
(D) the sale of property of the estate;
(4) ensure that the debtor commences making timely payments required by a plan confirmed under this subchapter;
(5) if the debtor ceases to be a debtor in possession, perform the duties specified in section 704(a)(8) and paragraphs (1), (2), and (6) of section 1106(a) of this title, including operating the business of the debtor;
(6) if there is a claim for a domestic support obligation with respect to the debtor, perform the duties specified in section 704(c) of this title; and
(7) facilitate the development of a consensual plan of reorganization.
(c) Termination of Trustee Service.—
(1) In general.—
If the plan of the debtor is confirmed under section 1191(a) of this title, the service of the trustee in the case shall terminate when the plan has been substantially consummated, except that the United States trustee may reappoint a trustee as needed for performance of duties under subsection (b)(3)(C) of this section and section 1185(a) of this title.
(2) Service of notice of substantial consummation.—
Not later than 14 days after the plan of the debtor is substantially consummated, the debtor shall file with the court and serve on the trustee, the United States trustee, and all parties in interest notice of such substantial consummation.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1079.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1184 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1184. Rights and powers of a debtor in possession
Subject to such limitations or conditions as the court may prescribe, a debtor in possession shall have all the rights, other than the right to compensation under section 330 of this title, and powers, and shall perform all functions and duties, except the duties specified in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of section 1106(a) of this title, of a trustee serving in a case under this chapter, including operating the business of the debtor.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1080.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1185 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1185. Removal of debtor in possession
(a) In General.—
On request of a party in interest, and after notice and a hearing, the court shall order that the debtor shall not be a debtor in possession for cause, including fraud, dishonesty, incompetence, or gross mismanagement of the affairs of the debtor, either before or after the date of commencement of the case, or for failure to perform the obligations of the debtor under a plan confirmed under this subchapter.
(b) Reinstatement.—
On request of a party in interest, and after notice and a hearing, the court may reinstate the debtor in possession.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1080.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1186 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1186. Property of the estate
(a) Inclusions.—
If a plan is confirmed under section 1191(b) of this title, property of the estate includes, in addition to the property specified in section 541 of this title—
(1) all property of the kind specified in that section that the debtor acquires after the date of commencement of the case but before the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to a case under chapter 7, 12, or 13 of this title, whichever occurs first; and
(2) earnings from services performed by the debtor after the date of commencement of the case but before the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to a case under chapter 7, 12, or 13 of this title, whichever occurs first.
(b) Debtor Remaining in Possession.—
Except as provided in section 1185 of this title, a plan confirmed under this subchapter, or an order confirming a plan under this subchapter, the debtor shall remain in possession of all property of the estate.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1081.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1187 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1187. Duties and reporting requirements of debtors
(a) Filing Requirements.—
Upon electing to be a debtor under this subchapter, the debtor shall file the documents required by subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 1116(1) of this title.
(b) Other Applicable Provisions.—
A debtor, in addition to the duties provided in this title and as otherwise required by law, shall comply with the requirements of section 308 and paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and (7) of section 1116 of this title.
(c) Separate Disclosure Statement Exemption.—
If the court orders under section 1181(b) of this title that section 1125 of this title applies, section 1125(f) of this title shall apply.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1081.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1188 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1188. Status conference
(a) In General.—
Except as provided in subsection (b), not later than 60 days after the entry of the order for relief under this chapter, the court shall hold a status conference to further the expeditious and economical resolution of a case under this subchapter.
(b) Exception.—
The court may extend the period of time for holding a status conference under subsection (a) if the need for an extension is attributable to circumstances for which the debtor should not justly be held accountable.
(c) Report.—
Not later than 14 days before the date of the status conference under subsection (a), the debtor shall file with the court and serve on the trustee and all parties in interest a report that details the efforts the debtor has undertaken and will undertake to attain a consensual plan of reorganization.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1081.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1189 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1189. Filing of the plan
(a) Who May File a Plan.—
Only the debtor may file a plan under this subchapter.
(b) Deadline.—
The debtor shall file a plan not later than 90 days after the order for relief under this chapter, except that the court may extend the period if the need for the extension is attributable to circumstances for which the debtor should not justly be held accountable.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1081.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1190 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1190. Contents of plan
A plan filed under this subchapter—
(1) shall include—
(A) a brief history of the business operations of the debtor;
(B) a liquidation analysis; and
(C) projections with respect to the ability of the debtor to make payments under the proposed plan of reorganization;
(2) shall provide for the submission of all or such portion of the future earnings or other future income of the debtor to the supervision and control of the trustee as is necessary for the execution of the plan; and
(3) notwithstanding section 1123(b)(5) of this title, may modify the rights of the holder of a claim secured only by a security interest in real property that is the principal residence of the debtor if the new value received in connection with the granting of the security interest was—
(A) not used primarily to acquire the real property; and
(B) used primarily in connection with the small business of the debtor.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1082.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1191 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1191. Confirmation of plan
(a) Terms.—
The court shall confirm a plan under this subchapter only if all of the requirements of section 1129(a), other than paragraph (15) of that section, of this title 1 are met.
(b) Exception.—
Notwithstanding section 510(a) of this title, if all of the applicable requirements of section 1129(a) of this title, other than paragraphs (8), (10), and (15) of that section, are met with respect to a plan, the court, on request of the debtor, shall confirm the plan notwithstanding the requirements of such paragraphs if the plan does not discriminate unfairly, and is fair and equitable, with respect to each class of claims or interests that is impaired under, and has not accepted, the plan.
(c) Rule of Construction.—
For purposes of this section, the condition that a plan be fair and equitable with respect to each class of claims or interests includes the following requirements:
(1) With respect to a class of secured claims, the plan meets the requirements of section 1129(b)(2)(A) of this title.
(2) As of the effective date of the plan—
(A) the plan provides that all of the projected disposable income of the debtor to be received in the 3-year period, or such longer period not to exceed 5 years as the court may fix, beginning on the date that the first payment is due under the plan will be applied to make payments under the plan; or
(B) the value of the property to be distributed under the plan in the 3-year period, or such longer period not to exceed 5 years as the court may fix, beginning on the date on which the first distribution is due under the plan is not less than the projected disposable income of the debtor.
(3)
(A)
(i) The debtor will be able to make all payments under the plan; or
(ii) there is a reasonable likelihood that the debtor will be able to make all payments under the plan; and
(B) the plan provides appropriate remedies, which may include the liquidation of nonexempt assets, to protect the holders of claims or interests in the event that the payments are not made.
(d) Disposable Income.—
For purposes of this section, the term “disposable income” means the income that is received by the debtor and that is not reasonably necessary to be expended—
(1) for—
(A) the maintenance or support of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor; or
(B) a domestic support obligation that first becomes payable after the date of the filing of the petition; or
(2) for the payment of expenditures necessary for the continuation, preservation, or operation of the business of the debtor.
(e) Special Rule.—
Notwithstanding section 1129(a)(9)(A) of this title, a plan that provides for the payment through the plan of a claim of a kind specified in paragraph (2) or (3) of section 507(a) of this title may be confirmed under subsection (b) of this section.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1082.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1192 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1192. Discharge
If the plan of the debtor is confirmed under section 1191(b) of this title, as soon as practicable after completion by the debtor of all payments due within the first 3 years of the plan, or such longer period not to exceed 5 years as the court may fix, unless the court approves a written waiver of discharge executed by the debtor after the order for relief under this chapter, the court shall grant the debtor a discharge of all debts provided in section 1141(d)(1)(A) of this title, and all other debts allowed under section 503 of this title and provided for in the plan, except any debt—
(1) on which the last payment is due after the first 3 years of the plan, or such other time not to exceed 5 years fixed by the court; or
(2) of the kind specified in section 523(a) of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1083.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1193 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1193. Modification of plan
(a) Modification Before Confirmation.—
The debtor may modify a plan at any time before confirmation, but may not modify the plan so that the plan as modified fails to meet the requirements of sections 1122 and 1123 of this title, with the exception of subsection (a)(8) of such section 1123. After the modification is filed with the court, the plan as modified becomes the plan.
(b) Modification After Confirmation.—
If a plan has been confirmed under section 1191(a) of this title, the debtor may modify the plan at any time after confirmation of the plan and before substantial consummation of the plan, but may not modify the plan so that the plan as modified fails to meet the requirements of sections 1122 and 1123 of this title, with the exception of subsection (a)(8) of such section 1123. The plan, as modified under this subsection, becomes the plan only if circumstances warrant the modification and the court, after notice and a hearing, confirms the plan as modified under section 1191(a) of this title.
(c) Certain Other Modifications.—
If a plan has been confirmed under section 1191(b) of this title, the debtor may modify the plan at any time within 3 years, or such longer time not to exceed 5 years, as fixed by the court, but may not modify the plan so that the plan as modified fails to meet the requirements of section 1191(b) of this title. The plan as modified under this subsection becomes the plan only if circumstances warrant such modification and the court, after notice and a hearing, confirms such plan, as modified, under section 1191(b) of this title.
(d) Holders of a Claim or Interest.—
If a plan has been confirmed under section 1191(a) of this title, any holder of a claim or interest that has accepted or rejected the plan is deemed to have accepted or rejected, as the case may be, the plan as modified, unless, within the time fixed by the court, such holder changes the previous acceptance or rejection of the holder.
(Added Pub. L. 116–54, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 1083.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.