dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
50 U.S.C. § 4824 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 4824. Annual report to Congress
(a) In general
The Secretary shall submit to Congress, by December 31 of each year, a report on the implementation of this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year. The report shall include a review of—
(1) the effect of controls imposed under this subchapter on exports, reexports, and in-country transfers of items in addressing threats to the national security or foreign policy of the United States, including a description of licensing processing times;
(2) the impact of such controls on the scientific and technological leadership of the United States;
(3) the consistency with such controls of export controls imposed by other countries;
(4) efforts to provide exporters with compliance assistance, including specific actions to assist small- and medium-sized businesses;
(5) a summary of regulatory changes from the prior fiscal year;
(6) a summary of export enforcement actions, including of actions taken to implement end-use monitoring of dual-use, military, and other items subject to the Export Administration Regulations;
(7) a summary of approved license applications to proscribed persons;
(8) efforts undertaken within the previous year to comply with the requirements of section 48171 of this title, including any critical technologies identified under such section and how or whether such critical technologies were controlled for export; and
(9) a summary of industrial base assessments conducted during the previous year by the Department of Commerce, including with respect to counterfeit electronics, foundational technologies, and other research and analysis of critical technologies and industrial capabilities of key defense-related sectors.
(b) Form
The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
(Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1765, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.)
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this part”, meaning part I (§§ 1751–1768) of subtitle B of title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 115–232, known as the Export Controls Act of 2018, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of part I to the Code, see section 1751 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a Short Title note under section 4801 of this title and Tables.
Section 4817 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(8), was in the original “section 1759”, and was translated as meaning section 1758 of Pub. L. 115–232, which relates to requirements to identify and control the export of emerging and foundational technologies and is classified to section 4817 of this title, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
50 U.S.C. § 4825 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 4825. Effect on other acts
(a) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed to modify, repeal, supersede, or otherwise affect the provisions of any other laws authorizing control over the export or reexport of any item.
(b) Coordination of controls
(1) In general
The authority granted to the President under this subchapter shall be exercised in such manner so as to achieve effective coordination with the authority exercised under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) and all other export control and sanctions authorities exercised by Federal departments and agencies, particularly the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of Energy.
(2) Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that in order to achieve effective coordination described in paragraph (1), such Federal departments and agencies—
(A) should continuously work to create enforceable regulations with respect to the export, reexport, and in-country transfer by United States and foreign persons of commodities, software, technology, and services to various end uses and end users for foreign policy and national security reasons;
(B) should regularly work to reduce complexity in the system, including complexity caused merely by the existence of structural, definitional, and other non-policy based differences between and among different export control and sanctions systems; and
(C) should coordinate controls on items exported, reexported, or in-country transferred in connection with a foreign military sale under chapter 2 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2761 et seq.) or a commercial sale under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2778] to reduce as much unnecessary administrative burden as possible that is a result of differences between the exercise of those two authorities.
(c) Nonproliferation controls
Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to supersede the procedures published by the President pursuant to section 2139a(c) of title 42.
(Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1767, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2233.)
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this part”, meaning part I (§§ 1751–1768) of subtitle B of title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 115–232, known as the Export Controls Act of 2018, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of part I to the Code, see section 1751 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a Short Title note under section 4801 of this title and Tables.
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320. Chapter 2 of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 2761 et seq.) of chapter 39 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of Title 22 and Tables.
50 U.S.C. § 4841 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 4841. Statement of policy
Congress declares it is the policy of the United States—
(1) to oppose restrictive trade practices or boycotts fostered or imposed by any foreign country against other countries friendly to the United States or against any United States person;
(2) to encourage and, in specified cases, require United States persons engaged in the export of goods or technology or other information to refuse to take actions, including furnishing information or entering into or implementing agreements, which have the effect of furthering or supporting the restrictive trade practices or boycotts fostered or imposed by any foreign country against a country friendly to the United States or any United States person; and
(3) to foster international cooperation and the development of international rules and institutions to assure reasonable access to world supplies.
(Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1772, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2234.)
50 U.S.C. § 4843 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 4843. Enforcement
(a) Criminal penalty
A person who willfully commits, willfully attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an unlawful act 1 section 4842 of this title—
(1) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000; or
(2) if a natural person, may be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
(b) Civil penalties
The President may impose the following civil penalties on a person who violates section 4842 of this title or any regulation issued under this subchapter:
(1) A fine of not more than $300,000 or an amount that is twice the value of the transaction that is the basis of the violation with respect to which the penalty is imposed, whichever is greater.
(2) Revocation of a license issued under subchapter I to the person.
(3) A prohibition on the person’s ability to export, reexport, or in-country transfer any items controlled under subchapter I.
(c) Procedures
Any civil penalty or administrative sanction (including any suspension or revocation of authority to export) under this section may be imposed only after notice and opportunity for an agency hearing on the record in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5 and shall be subject to judicial review in accordance with chapter 7 of such title.
(d) Standards for levels of civil penalty
The President may by regulation provide standards for establishing levels of civil penalty under this section based upon factors such as the seriousness of the violation, the culpability of the violator, and the violator’s record of cooperation with the Government in disclosing the violation.
(Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1774, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2237.)
heading: References in Text
text: Subchapter I, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), (3), was in the original “part I”, meaning part I (§§ 1751–1768) of subtitle B of title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 115–232, known as the Export Controls Act of 2018, which is classified principally to subchapter I of this chapter. For complete classification of part I to the Code, see section 1751 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a Short Title note under section 4801 of this title and Tables.
50 U.S.C. § 4851 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 4851. Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security
(a) In general
On and after August 13, 2018, any reference in any law or regulation to the Under Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration shall be deemed to be a reference to the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security.
(b) Omittedd
(c) Continuation in office
The individual serving as Under Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration on the day before August 13, 2018, may serve as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security on and after that date without the need for renomination or reappointment.
(Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, § 1781, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2238.)
heading: Codification
text: Section is comprised of section 1781 of Pub. L. 115–232. Subsec. (b) of section 1781 of Pub. L. 115–232 amended section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
51 U.S.C. § 50113 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 50113. Acquisition of space science data
(a) Definition of Space Science Data.—
In this section, the term “space science data” includes scientific data concerning—
(1) the elemental and mineralogical resources of the moon, asteroids, planets and their moons, and comets;
(2) microgravity acceleration; and
(3) solar storm monitoring.
(b) Acquisition From Commercial Providers.—
The Administrator shall, to the extent possible and while satisfying the scientific or educational requirements of the Administration, and where appropriate, of other Federal agencies and scientific researchers, acquire, where cost effective, space science data from a commercial provider.
(c) Treatment of Space Science Data as Commercial Item Under Acquisition Laws.—
Acquisitions of space science data by the Administrator shall be carried out in accordance with applicable acquisition laws and regulations (including chapters 137 and 140 of title 10). For purposes of such law and regulations, space science data shall be considered to be a commercial item. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to preclude the United States from acquiring, through contracts with commercial providers, sufficient rights in data to meet the needs of the scientific and educational community or the needs of other government activities.
(d) Safety Standards.—
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from requiring compliance with applicable safety standards.
(e) Limitation.—
This section does not authorize the Administration to provide financial assistance for the development of commercial systems for the collection of space science data.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3397; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(A), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
50113
42 U.S.C. 14713.
Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 105, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2852.
heading: Amendment of Subsection (c)
text: Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(A), (h), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, subsection (c) of this section is amended as follows:
(1) in heading, by striking “Commercial Item” and inserting “Commercial Product or Commercial Service”; and
(2) by striking “commercial item” in the second sentence and inserting “commercial product or commercial service”.
See 2018 Amendment note below.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “Commercial Product or Commercial Service” for “Commercial Item” , in heading and “commercial product or commercial service” for “commercial item” in text.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
51 U.S.C. § 50115 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 50115. Sources of Earth science data
(a) Acquisition.—
The Administrator shall, to the extent possible and while satisfying the scientific or educational requirements of the Administration, and where appropriate, of other Federal agencies and scientific researchers, acquire, where cost-effective, space-based and airborne Earth remote sensing data, services, distribution, and applications from a commercial provider.
(b) Treatment as Commercial Item Under Acquisition Laws.—
Acquisitions by the Administrator of the data, services, distribution, and applications referred to in subsection (a) shall be carried out in accordance with applicable acquisition laws and regulations (including chapters 137 and 140 of title 10). For purposes of such law and regulations, such data, services, distribution, and applications shall be considered to be a commercial item. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to preclude the United States from acquiring, through contracts with commercial providers, sufficient rights in data to meet the needs of the scientific and educational community or the needs of other government activities.
(c) Safety Standards.—
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from requiring compliance with applicable safety standards.
(d) Administration and Execution.—
This section shall be carried out as part of the Commercial Remote Sensing Program at the Stennis Space Center.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3398; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(B), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
50115(a)
42 U.S.C. 14715(a).
Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 107(a), (b), (d), (e), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2853, 2854.
50115(b)
42 U.S.C. 14715(b).
50115(c)
42 U.S.C. 14715(d).
50115(d)
42 U.S.C. 14715(e).
heading: Amendment of Subsection (b)
text: Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(B), (h), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, subsection (b) of this section is amended as follows:
(1) in heading, by striking “Commercial Item” and inserting “Commercial Product or Commercial Service”; and
(2) by striking “commercial item” in the second sentence and inserting “commercial product or commercial service”.
See 2018 Amendment note below.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–232, in heading, substituted “Commercial Product or Commercial Service” for “Commercial Item” and, in text, substituted “commercial product or commercial service” for “commercial item”.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
51 U.S.C. § 50132 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 50132. Acquisition of commercial space transportation services
(a) Treatment of Commercial Space Transportation Services as Commercial Item Under Acquisition Laws.—
Acquisitions of space transportation services by the Federal Government shall be carried out in accordance with applicable acquisition laws and regulations (including chapters 137 and 140 of title 10). For purposes of such law and regulations, space transportation services shall be considered to be a commercial item.
(b) Safety Standards.—
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Government from requiring compliance with applicable safety standards.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3400; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(C), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
50132
42 U.S.C. 14732.
Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 202, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2855.
heading: Amendment of Subsection (a)
text: Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(g)(10)(C), (h), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1874, provided that, effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, subsection (a) of this section is amended as follows:
(1) in heading, by striking “Commercial Item” and inserting “Commercial Service”; and
(2) by striking “commercial item” in the second sentence and inserting “commercial service”.
See 2018 Amendment note below.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “Commercial Service” for “Commercial Item” in heading and “commercial service” for “commercial item” in text.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
54 U.S.C. § 303102 (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND RELATED PROGRAMS)
§ 303102. Funding
For each of fiscal years 2012 to 2023, $150,000,000 shall be deposited in the Historic Preservation Fund from revenues due and payable to the United States under section 9 of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1338), section 8733(b) of title 10, or both, notwithstanding any provision of law that those proceeds shall be credited to miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury.
(Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3206; Pub. L. 114–289, title VIII, § 802(a), (c)(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1494, 1495; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 809(s), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1844.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
303102
16 U.S.C. 470h (last paragraph 1st sentence).
Pub. L. 89–665, title I, § 108 (last paragraph 1st sentence), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 91–243, § 1(a), May 9, 1970, 84 Stat. 204; Pub. L. 93–54, § 1(a), July 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 139; Pub. L. 94–422, title II, § 201(4), Sept. 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 1320; Pub. L. 96–515, title II, § 205, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2995; Pub. L. 100–127, Oct. 9, 1987, 101 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 102–575, title XL, § 4011, Oct. 30, 1992, 106 Stat. 4760; Pub. L. 106–208, §§ 2, 5(a)(7), May 26, 2000, 114 Stat. 318, 319; Pub. L. 109–453, § 1(c), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3367.
Reference to fiscal years 1977–2011 is omitted as obsolete.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 8733(b) of title 10” for “section 7433(b) of title 10”.
2016—Pub. L. 114–289 substituted “Funding” for “Contents” in section catchline and “2023” for “2015” in text.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
54 U.S.C. § 308401 (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND RELATED PROGRAMS)
§ 308401. Definition of network 1
In this chapter, the term “Network” means the African American Civil Rights Network established under section 308402(a).
(Added Pub. L. 115–104, § 3(a), Jan. 8, 2018, 131 Stat. 2260.)
heading: Purposes
text: Pub. L. 115–104, § 2, Jan. 8, 2018, 131 Stat. 2260, provided that:
“The purposes of this Act [enacting this chapter] are—
“(1) to recognize—
“(A) the importance of the African American civil rights movement; and
“(B) the sacrifices made by the people who fought against discrimination and segregation; and
“(2) to authorize the National Park Service to coordinate and facilitate Federal and non-Federal activities to commemorate, honor, and interpret—
“(A) the history of the African American civil rights movement;
“(B) the significance of the civil rights movement as a crucial element in the evolution of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.); and
“(C) the relevance of the African American civil rights movement in fostering the spirit of social justice and national reconciliation.”
16 U.S.C. § 798 (CONSERVATION)
§ 798. Purpose and scope of preliminary permits; transfer and cancellation
(a) Purpose
Each preliminary permit issued under this subchapter shall be for the sole purpose of maintaining priority of application for a license under the terms of this chapter for such period or periods, not exceeding a total of 4 years, as in the discretion of the Commission may be necessary for making examinations and surveys, for preparing maps, plans, specifications, and estimates, and for making financial arrangements.
(b) Extension of period
The Commission may—
(1) extend the period of a preliminary permit once for not more than 4 additional years beyond the 4 years permitted by subsection (a) if the Commission finds that the permittee has carried out activities under such permit in good faith and with reasonable diligence; and
(2) after the end of an extension period granted under paragraph (1), issue an additional permit to the permittee if the Commission determines that there are extraordinary circumstances that warrant the issuance of the additional permit.
(c) Permit conditions
Each such permit shall set forth the conditions under which priority shall be maintained.
(d) Non-transferability and cancellation of permits
Such permits shall not be transferable, and may be canceled by order of the Commission upon failure of permittees to comply with the conditions thereof or for other good cause shown after notice and opportunity for hearing.
(June 10, 1920, ch. 285, pt. I, § 5, 41 Stat. 1067; renumbered pt. I and amended, Aug. 26, 1935, ch. 687, title II, §§ 203, 212, 49 Stat. 841, 847; Pub. L. 113–23, § 5, Aug. 9, 2013, 127 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 115–270, title III, § 3001(a), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3862.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–270, § 3001(a)(1), substituted “4 years” for “three years”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–270, § 3001(a)(2), inserted dash after “The Commission may”, designated remaining provisions as par. (1), substituted “4 additional years beyond the 4 years” for “2 additional years beyond the 3 years”, and added par. (2).
2013—Pub. L. 113–23 designated existing first, second, and third sentences as subsecs. (a), (c), and (d), respectively, and added subsec. (b).
1935—Act Aug. 26, 1935, § 203, amended section generally, striking out “and a license issued” at end of second sentence and inserting “or for other good cause shown after notice and opportunity for hearing” in last sentence.