dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
16 U.S.C. § 6578 (CONSERVATION)
§ 6578. Funding
(a) Fiscal years 2009 through 2013 1
Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make available $9,750,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012 1 to carry out this subchapter.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out this section $12,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.
(c) Additional source of funds
In addition to funds appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in subsection (b) for a fiscal year, the Secretary may use such amount of the funds appropriated for that fiscal year to carry out the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590a et seq.) as the Secretary determines necessary to cover the cost of technical assistance, management, and enforcement responsibilities for land enrolled in the healthy forests reserve program pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of section 6574 of this title.
(d) Duration of availability
The funds made available under subsection (a) shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 108–148, title V, § 508, Dec. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1914; Pub. L. 110–234, title VIII, § 8205(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VIII, § 8205(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2057; Pub. L. 113–79, title VIII, § 8203(b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 115–334, title VIII, § 8407(a)(8), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4846.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Apr. 27, 1935, ch. 85, 49 Stat. 163, which is classified generally to chapter 3B (§ 590a et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 590q of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted “Authorization of appropriations” for “Fiscal years 2014 through 2018” in heading and “2023” for “2018” in text.
2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, § 8203(b)(1), substituted “Fiscal years 2009 through 2013” for “In general” in heading.
Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 113–79, § 8203(b)(2), (3), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d).
2008—Pub. L. 110–246, § 8205(c), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—
“(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; and
“(2) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2008.”
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.
18 U.S.C. § 49 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 49. Enforcement of animal fighting prohibitions
(a) In General.—
Whoever violates subsection (a)(1), (b), (c), or (e) of section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both, for each violation.
(b) Attending an Animal Fighting Venture.—
Whoever violates subsection (a)(2)(A) of section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2156) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both, for each violation.
(c) Causing an Individual Who Has Not Attained the Age of 16 To Attend an Animal Fighting Venture.—
Whoever violates subsection (a)(2)(B) of section 26 (7 U.S.C. 2156) of the Animal Welfare Act shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 3 years, or both, for each violation.
(Added Pub. L. 110–22, § 2(a), May 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 88; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, § 14207(b), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XIV, § 14207(b), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2224; Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, § 12308(b)(2), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 991; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, § 12616(d), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5016.)
heading: Amendment of Subsection (a)
text: Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, § 12616(d), (e), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5016, provided that, effective on the date that is one year after Dec. 20, 2018, subsec. (a) of this section is amended by striking “(e)” and inserting “(d)”. See 2018 Amendment note below.
heading: References in Text
text: Section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act, referred to in text, is section 2156 of Title 7, Agriculture.
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted “(d)” for “(e)”.
2014—Pub. L. 113–79 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted “subsection (a)(1),” for “subsection (a),”, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
2008—Pub. L. 110–246, § 14207(b), substituted “5 years” for “3 years”.
heading: Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 115–334 effective on the date that is one year after Dec. 20, 2018, see section 12616(e) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 2156 of Title 7, Agriculture.
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.
22 U.S.C. § 2196 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2196. Income and revenues
In order to carry out the purposes of the Corporation, all revenues and income transferred to or earned by the Corporation, from whatever source derived, shall be held by the Corporation and shall be available to carry out its purposes, including without limitation—
(a) payment of all expenses of the Corporation, including investment promotion expenses;
(b) transfers and additions to the insurance or guaranty reserves, the Direct Investment Fund established pursuant to section 2195 of this title, and such other funds or reserves as the Corporation may establish, at such time and in such amounts as the Board may determine; and
(c) payment of dividends, on capital stock, which shall consist of and be paid from net earnings of the Corporation after payments, transfers, and additions under subsections (a) and (b) hereof.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 236, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 814.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513, provided that, effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, this section is repealed.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, see section 9684 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2675 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2675. Allocation or transfer to other agencies of funds appropriated to Department of State; authority for expenditure of funds
The Secretary of State may allocate or transfer to any department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States Government (with the consent of the head of such department, agency, or establishment) any funds appropriated to the Department of State, for direct expenditure by such department, agency, or independent establishment for the purposes for which the funds were appropriated in accordance with authority granted in this Act or under authority governing the activities of such department, agency, or independent establishment.
(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, § 8, 70 Stat. 891; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 97–241, title II, § 202(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 98–164, title I, § 121, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1023.)
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, is act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, 70 Stat. 890, known as the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, which enacted sections 2651a, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673 to 2679a, 2680, 2680a, 2684, 2687 to 2690, 2692, 2695, 2696 to 2715, 2715b to 2734, and 2735 of this title and chapters 53 (§ 4301 et seq.), 53A (§ 4341 et seq.), and 53B (§ 4351 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2651 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 170m of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, § 1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
heading: Amendments
text: 1983—Pub. L. 98–164 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to allocation or transfer of funds and authority for expenditure of funds for provisions relating to transfer of funds.
25 U.S.C. § 3115b (INDIANS)
§ 3115b. Tribal forest management demonstration project
(a) In general
The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary may carry out demonstration projects by which federally recognized Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations may contract to perform administrative, management, and other functions of programs of the Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a et seq.) through contracts entered into under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304 et seq.).
(b) Requirements
With respect to any contract or project carried out under subsection (a)—
(1) on National Forest System land, the Secretary shall carry out all functions delegated to the Secretary of the Interior under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304 et seq.);
(2) the Secretary or the Secretary of the Interior, as applicable, shall make any decisions required to be made under—
(A) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and
(B) the Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a et seq.); and
(3) the contract or project shall be entered into under, and in accordance with, section 403(b)(2) of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5363(b)(2)).
(Pub. L. 115–334, title VIII, § 8703, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4877.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 108–278, July 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 868. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of Pub. L. 108–278, set out as a Short Title of 2004 Amendment note under section 3101 of this title and Tables.
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which is classified principally to chapter 46 (§ 5301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of Pub. L. 93–638, set out as a Short Title note under section 5301 of this title and Tables.
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, and not as part of the National Indian Forest Resources Management Act which comprises this chapter.
heading: Definitions
text: “Secretary” as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 2 of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 9001 of Title 7, Agriculture.
40 U.S.C. § 15733 (PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTY, AND WORKS)
§ 15733. Northern Border Regional Commission
The region of the Northern Border Regional Commission shall include the following counties:
(1) Maine.—
The counties of Androscoggin, Aroostook, Franklin, Hancock, Kennebec, Knox, Oxford, Penobscot, Piscataquis, Somerset, Waldo, and Washington in the State of Maine.
(2) New hampshire.—
The counties of Belknap, Carroll, Cheshire, Coos, Grafton, and Sullivan in the State of New Hampshire.
(3) New york.—
The counties of Cayuga, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Genesee, Greene, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Montgomery, Niagara, Oneida, Orleans, Oswego, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Seneca, St. Lawrence, Sullivan, Washington, Warren, Wayne, and Yates in the State of New York.
(4) Vermont.—
The counties of Addison, Bennington, Caledonia, Chittenden, Essex, Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille, Orange, Orleans, Rutland, Washington, Windham, and Windsor in the State of Vermont.
(Added Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, § 14217(a)(2), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1481, and Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XIV, § 14217(a)(2), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2243; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, § 6304(d), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4752.)
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–334, § 6304(d)(1), inserted “Belknap,” before “Carroll,” and “Cheshire,” before “Coos,”.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–334, § 6304(d)(2), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The counties of Cayuga, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison, Oneida, Oswego, Seneca, and St. Lawrence in the State of New York.”
Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–334, § 6304(d)(3), inserted “Addison, Bennington,” before “Caledonia,”, “Chittenden,” before “Essex,”, and “, Rutland, Washington, Windham, and Windsor” before “in the State” and substituted “Orange,” for “and”.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after June 18, 2008, see section 14217(d) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 15101 of this title.
40 U.S.C. § 15751 (PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTY, AND WORKS)
§ 15751. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In General.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to each Commission to carry out this subtitle $33,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.
(b) Administrative Expenses.—
(1) In general.—
Except as provided in paragraph (2), not more than 10 percent of the funds made available to a Commission in a fiscal year under this section may be used for administrative expenses.
(2) Limited funding.—
In a case in which less than $10,000,000 is made available to a Commission for a fiscal year under this section, paragraph (1) shall not apply.
(Added Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, § 14217(a)(2), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1482, and Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XIV, § 14217(a)(2), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2244; amended Pub. L. 113–79, title VI, § 6207, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, § 6304(e), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4752.)
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted “$33,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” for “$30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2018”.
2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, § 6207(1), substituted “2018” for “2012”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79, § 6207(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (2), not more than” for “Not more than”, and added par. (2).
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after June 18, 2008, see section 14217(d) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 15101 of this title.
43 U.S.C. § 1748d (PUBLIC LANDS)
§ 1748d. Report on wildfire, insect infestation, and disease prevention on Federal land
Not later than 180 days after December 20, 2018, and every year thereafter, the Secretary and the Secretary of Interior shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a jointly written report on—
(1) the number of acres of Federal land treated by the Secretary or the Secretary of the Interior for wildfire, insect infestation, or disease prevention;
(2) the number of acres of Federal land categorized as a high or extreme fire risk;
(3) the total timber production from Federal land;
(4) the number of acres and average fire intensity of wildfires affecting Federal land treated for wildfire, insect infestation, or disease prevention;
(5) the number of acres and average fire intensity of wildfires affecting Federal land not treated for wildfire, insect infestation, or disease prevention;
(6) the Federal response time for each fire on greater than 25,000 acres;
(7) the number of miles of roads and trails on Federal land in need of maintenance;
(8) the number of miles of roads on Federal land in need of decommissioning;
(9) the maintenance backlog, as of the date of the report, for roads, trails, and recreational facilities on Federal land;
(10) other measures needed to maintain, improve, or restore water quality on Federal land; and
(11) other measures needed to improve ecosystem function or resiliency on Federal land.
(Pub. L. 115–334, title VIII, § 8706, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4880.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, and not as part of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Definitions
text: “Secretary” as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 2 of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 9001 of Title 7, Agriculture.
47 U.S.C. § 1101...1110 (TELECOMMUNICATIONS)
§§ 1101 to 1110. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, § 6603(2), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777
text: Section 1101, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1002], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–128, related to the purpose of this chapter, to facilitate access to signals of local television stations for households in nonserved areas and underserved areas.
text: Section 1102, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1003], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–128, related to establishment of the LOCAL Television Loan Guarantee Board.
text: Section 1103, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1004], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–129; Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, § 6404(b)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 430; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, § 1216(f), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2792, related to approval of loan guarantees.
text: Section 1104, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1005], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–134; Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, § 6404(b)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 430, related to administration of loan guarantees.
text: Section 1105, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1006], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–138, related to annual audit.
text: Section 1106, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1007], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–138, related to improved cellular service in rural areas.
text: Section 1107, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1009], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–140, related to the sunset for approval of loan guarantees, which was Dec. 31, 2006.
text: Section 1108, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1010], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–140, related to definitions.
text: Section 1109, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1011], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–141; Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, § 6404(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 429, related to authorizations of appropriations.
text: Section 1110, Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1012], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–141, related to prevention of interference to direct broadcast satellite services.
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title X, § 1001], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–128, which provided that title X of H.R. 5548, as enacted by section 1(a)(2) of Pub. L. 106–553, which enacted former chapter X and amended section 339 of this title, could be cited as the “Launching Our Communities’ Access to Local Television Act of 2000”, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, § 6603(2), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777.
6 U.S.C. § 151 (DOMESTIC SECURITY)
§ 151. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 107–296, title II, § 230, as added Pub. L. 114–113, div. N, title II, § 223(a)(6), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2964, which related to Federal intrusion detection and prevention system, was renumbered section 2213 of Pub. L. 107–296 by Pub. L. 115–278, § 2(g)(2)(I), Nov. 16, 2018, 132 Stat. 4178, and transferred to section 663 of this title.
36 U.S.C. § 70901 (PATRIOTIC AND NATIONAL OBSERVANCES, CEREMONIES, AND ORGANIZATIONS)
§ 70901. Organization
(a) Federal Charter.—
Future Farmers of America (in this chapter, the “FFA”) is a federally chartered corporation.
(b) Perpetual Existence.—
Except as otherwise provided, the FFA has perpetual existence.
(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1356; Pub. L. 116–7, § 2, Feb. 21, 2019, 133 Stat. 478.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70901
36:271.
Aug. 30, 1950, ch. 823, §§ 1, 2, 20, 64 Stat. 563, 567.
36:272.
36:290.
This section is substituted for 36:271 for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate executed and unnecessary words. The text of 36:272 and 290 is omitted as executed and obsolete.
heading: Amendments
text: 2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–7, § 2(1), which directed amendment of subsec. (a) by substituting “FFA” for “corporation”, was executed by making the substitution the first place appearing to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–7, § 2(2), substituted “FFA” for “corporation”.
36 U.S.C. § 70903 (PATRIOTIC AND NATIONAL OBSERVANCES, CEREMONIES, AND ORGANIZATIONS)
§ 70903. Membership
(a) Eligibility.—
Except as provided in this chapter, eligibility for membership in the FFA and the rights and privileges of members are as provided in the constitution or bylaws of the FFA.
(b) Voting.—
In matters of official business of a local chapter, each member has one vote. In matters of official business of a State association, each qualified delegate of a local chapter has one vote.
(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1356; Pub. L. 116–7, § 4, Feb. 21, 2019, 133 Stat. 479.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70903
36:276.
Aug. 30, 1950, ch. 823, § 6, 64 Stat. 565.
In subsection (b), the words “In matters of” are substituted for “In the conduct of” for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.
heading: Amendments
text: 2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–7 substituted “FFA” for “corporation” and “as provided in the constitution or bylaws of the FFA” for “as provided in the bylaws” before period at end.