dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
20 U.S.C. § 1754 (EDUCATION)
§ 1754. Provisions respecting transportation of pupils to achieve racial balance and judicial power to insure compliance with constitutional standards applicable to the entire United States
The proviso of section 407(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000c–6(a)] providing in substance that no court or official of the United States shall be empowered to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards shall apply to all public school pupils and to every public school system, public school and public school board, as defined by title IV [42 U.S.C. 2000c et seq.], under all circumstances and conditions and at all times in every State, district, territory, Commonwealth, or possession of the United States, regardless of whether the residence of such public school pupils or the principal offices of such public school system, public school or public school board is situated in the northern, eastern, western, or southern part of the United States.
(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, § 255, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 520.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1755 (EDUCATION)
§ 1755. Additional priority of remedies after finding of de jure segregation
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, after June 30, 1974 no court of the United States shall order the implementation of any plan to remedy a finding of de jure segregation which involves the transportation of students, unless the court first finds that all alternative remedies are inadequate.
(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, § 256, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 520.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1756 (EDUCATION)
§ 1756. Remedies with respect to school district lines
In the formulation of remedies under this chapter the lines drawn by a State subdividing its territory into separate school districts, shall not be ignored or altered except where it is established that the lines were drawn, or maintained or crossed for the purpose, and had the effect of segregating children among public schools on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin, or where it is established that, as a result of discriminatory actions within the school districts, the lines have had the effect of segregating children among public schools on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin.
(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, § 257, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 520.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1757 (EDUCATION)
§ 1757. Prohibition of forced busing during school year
(a) Congressional findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) the forced transportation of elementary and secondary school students in implementation of the constitutional requirement for the desegregation of such schools is controversial and difficult under the best planning and administration; and
(2) the forced transportation of elementary and secondary school students after the commencement of an academic school year is educationally unsound and administratively inefficient.
(b) Student transportation orders incidental to student transfers pursuant to school desegregation plans effective beginning with academic school year
Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, no order of a court, department, or agency of the United States, requiring the transportation of any student incident to the transfer of that student from one elementary or secondary school to another such school in a local educational agency pursuant to a plan requiring such transportation for the racial desegregation of any school in that agency, shall be effective until the beginning of an academic school year.
(c) “Academic school year” defined
For the purpose of this section, the term “academic school year” means, pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Secretary, the customary beginning of classes for the school year at an elementary or secondary school of a local educational agency for a school year that occurs not more often than once in any twelve-month period.
(d) Orders subject to provisions of section
The provisions of this section apply to any order which was not implemented at the beginning of the 1974–1975 academic year.
(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, § 258, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “Secretary”, meaning the Secretary of Education, substituted for “Commissioner” in subsec. (c) pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 1758 (EDUCATION)
§ 1758. Reasonable time for developing voluntary school desegregation plans following detailed notice of violations
Notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, no court or officer of the United States shall enter, as a remedy for a denial of equal educational opportunity or a denial of equal protection of the laws, any order for enforcement of a plan of desegregation or modification of a court-approved plan, until such time as the local educational agency to be affected by such order has been provided notice of the details of the violation and given a reasonable opportunity to develop a voluntary remedial plan. Such time shall permit the local educational agency sufficient opportunity for community participation in the development of a remedial plan.
(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, § 259, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 521.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2501 (EDUCATION)
§ 2501. Statement of purpose
It is the purpose of this subchapter to provide Federal assistance to States to enable them to plan for the development of career education and career development programs and activities for individuals of all ages, and to plan for the improvement of existing programs and activities, in the areas of awareness, exploration, planning, and decisionmaking of individuals served with regard to career opportunities and career development throughout the lifetimes of such individuals, through—
(1) planning for the development of information on the needs for career education and career development for all individuals;
(2) planning for the promotion of a national dialogue on career education and career development designed to encourage each State and local educational agency to determine and adopt the approach best suited to the needs of the individuals served by each such agency;
(3) planning for the assessment of the status of career education and career development programs and practices, including a reassessment of the stereotyping of career opportunities by race or by sex;
(4) planning for the demonstration of the best of the current career education and career development programs and practices by planning to develop and test exemplary programs and practices using various theories, concepts, and approaches with respect to career education and through planning for a nationwide system of regional career education centers;
(5) planning for the training and retraining of persons for conducting career education and career development programs; and
(6) developing State and local plans for implementing programs designed to ensure that every person has the opportunity to gain the knowledge and skills necessary for gainful or maximum employment and for full participation in our society according to his or her ability.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 331, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2221.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Short Title of 1978 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 95–270, Apr. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 220, which enacted sections 2566 to 2569 of this title, is known as the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs and the Everett McKinley Dirksen Congressional Leadership Research Center Assistance Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2566 of this title and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 2503 (EDUCATION)
§ 2503. Administration by Office of Career Education
The provisions of this subchapter shall be carried out by the Secretary of Education through the Office of Career Education established pursuant to section 2612a(c) of this title.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 333, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2222; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2612a of this title, referred to in text, has been omitted from the Code.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “Secretary of Education” substituted in text for “Commissioner” pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
For authority of Secretary of Education to consolidate, alter, or discontinue the Office of Career Education, or to reallocate any functions vested by statute in the Office, see section 413 of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3473 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2504 (EDUCATION)
§ 2504. Prerequisites for State participation
Any State desiring to receive the amount for which it is eligible for any fiscal year pursuant to this subchapter shall agree to submit to the Secretary of Education by December 31, 1978, a report on any planning undertaken pursuant to this subchapter. Such report shall be in such form as the State may desire, and may include planning proposals for—
(1) extending career education and career development programs and services to all individuals in the State;
(2) extending the concept of the education process beyond the school into the area of employment and community affairs, and relating the subject matter curriculums of schools to the needs of individuals to function in society;
(3) the implementation of new concepts in career education and career development and for the replication of concepts which have demonstrated success;
(4) the development of training programs, including inservice training programs, for teachers, counselors, other educators, and administrators;
(5) fostering cooperative arrangements with such community groups and agencies as the public employment services, vocational rehabilitation service, community mental health agencies, education opportunity centers, and other community resources concerned with vocational development guidance and counseling, in order to avoid unnecessary duplication in the provision of services in the community or area to be served; and
(6) inventories of State, local, and private resources available for the development of career education and career development programs and services.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 334, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2222; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “Secretary of Education” substituted in text for “Commissioner” pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 2506 (EDUCATION)
§ 2506. Functions of National Advisory Council for Career Education
The National Advisory Council for Career Education established pursuant to section 2612a(g) of this title shall, in addition to its duties under that section, advise the Secretary of Education with respect to the implementation of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 336, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2224; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 2612a of this title, referred to in text, has been omitted from the Code.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “Secretary of Education” substituted in text for “Commissioner” pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
heading: Termination of Advisory Councils
text: Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
20 U.S.C. § 2531 (EDUCATION)
§ 2531. Congressional findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) guidance and counseling activities are an essential component to assure success in achieving the goals of many education programs: 1
(2) lack of coordination among guidance and counseling activities supported jointly or separately by Federal programs and by State and local programs has resulted in an underutilization of resources available for such activities; and
(3) increased and improved preparation of education professionals is needed in guidance and counseling, including administration of guidance and counseling programs at the State and local levels, with special emphasis on inservice training which takes educational professionals into the workplaces of business and industry, the professions, and other occupational pursuits, and that increased and improved use of individuals employed in such pursuits are needed for effective guidance and counseling programs, including (A) bringing persons employed in such pursuits into schools, and (B) bringing students into such workplaces for observation of, and participation in, such pursuits, in order to acquaint the students with the nature of the work.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 341, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2224.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2533 (EDUCATION)
§ 2533. Administration by unit in Department of Education
(a) Establishment; functions
The Secretary of Education shall establish or designate an administrative unit within the Department of Education for purposes of—
(1) carrying out provisions of this subchapter;
(2) providing information regarding guidance and counseling as a profession, guidance and counseling activities of the Federal Government, and, to the extent practicable, activities of State and local programs of guidance and counseling; and
(3) advising the Secretary of Education on coordinating guidance and counseling activities included in all programs which he is authorized to carry out, and, to the extent he deems practicable, how such activities may be coordinated with other programs of the Federal Government and State and local guidance and counseling programs.
(b) Reservation of amount for implementation
The Secretary of Education may reserve an amount not to exceed 5 per centum of the sums appropriated under this subchapter to carry out the provisions of this section.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 343, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 95–43, § 1(b)(8), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), (b)(2), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 678, 692.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1977—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–43 substituted “this subchapter” for “this section”.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “Secretary of Education” and “Department of Education” substituted in text for “Commissioner” and “Education Division”, respectively, pursuant to sections 301(a)(1), (b)(2) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1), (b)(2) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education and transferred Education Division to Department of Education.
For authority of Secretary of Education to consolidate, alter, or discontinue the administrative unit for guidance and counseling programs, or to reallocate any functions vested by statute in the administrative unit, see section 413 of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3473 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2534 (EDUCATION)
§ 2534. Contracts and grants to States, educational agencies, etc.
(a) Implementation of programs
The Secretary of Education is authorized, on a competitive basis, to enter into contracts and make grants to State and local educational agencies, to institutions of higher education, and to private nonprofit organizations to assist them in conducting institutes, work shops, and seminars designed to improve the professional guidance qualifications of teachers and counselors in State and local educational agencies and nonpublic elementary and secondary school systems, including opportunities for teachers and guidance counselors in such agencies and systems to obtain experience in business and industry, the professions, and other occupational pursuits, and including, for the purpose of such improvement, such programs, services, or activities which bring individuals with experience in such pursuits into schools as counselors or advisors for students, and which bring students into the workplaces of such pursuits to acquaint students with the nature of the work and to provide training for supervisory and technical personnel in such agencies and systems having responsibilities for guidance and counseling, and to improve supervisory services in the field of guidance and counseling.
(b) Coordination of programs of guidance and counseling
The Secretary of Education is authorized to make grants to States to assist them in carrying out programs to coordinate new and existing programs of guidance and counseling in the States.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, § 344, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “Secretary of Education” substituted in text for “Commissioner” pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 2564 (EDUCATION)
§ 2564. Departmental day care center facilities; establishment; fees and charges; equipment and operation by appropriated funds
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Health and Human Services is authorized by contract or otherwise to establish, equip, and operate day care center facilities for the purpose of serving children who are members of households of employees of the Department of Health and Human Services. The Secretary is authorized to establish or provide for the establishment of appropriate fees and charges to be chargeable against the Department employees or others who are beneficiaries of services provided by such facilities to pay for the cost of their operation and to accept money, equipment, or other property donated for use in connection with the facilities. No appropriated funds may be used for the equipping or operation of any centers provided under this authority. The prohibition made by the preceding sentence shall not preclude the provision of appropriate donated space nor the purchase of the initial equipment for the centers, except that the cost of such equipment shall be reimbursed over the expected life of such equipment, not to exceed 10 years.
(Pub. L. 94–482, title V, § 524, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2240; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695.)
heading: Change of Name
text: “Secretary of Health and Human Services” and “Department of Health and Human Services” substituted in text for “Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare” and “Department of Health, Education, and Welfare”, respectively, pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.