dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
46 U.S.C. § 54102 (SHIPPING)
§ 54102. Centers of excellence for domestic maritime workforce training and education
(a) Designation.—
The Secretary of Transportation may designate as a center of excellence for domestic maritime workforce training and education a covered training entity located in a State that borders on the—
(1) Gulf of Mexico;
(2) Atlantic Ocean;
(3) Long Island Sound;
(4) Pacific Ocean;
(5) Great Lakes;
(6) Mississippi River System;
(7) Arctic; or
(8) Gulf of Alaska.
(b) Assistance.—
The Secretary may enter into a cooperative agreement (as that term is used in section 6305 of title 31) with a center of excellence designated under subsection (a) to support maritime workforce training and education at the center of excellence, including efforts of the center of excellence to—
(1) admit additional students;
(2) recruit and train faculty;
(3) expand facilities;
(4) create new maritime career pathways; or
(5) award students credit for prior experience, including military service.
(c) Definitions.—
In this section,
(1) Covered training entity.—
the term “covered training entity” means an entity that is—
(A) a community or technical college; or
(B) a maritime training center—
(i) operated by, or under the supervision of, a State; and
(ii) with a maritime training program in operation on the date of enactment of this section.
(2) Arctic.—
The term “Arctic” has the meaning that term has under section 112 of the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (15 U.S.C. 4111).
(Added Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3507(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1914.)
heading: References in Text
text: The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B)(ii), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–91, which was approved Dec. 12, 2017.
46 U.S.C. § 56308 (SHIPPING)
§ 56308. Transfer of substitute vessels
In the case of any vessel constructed in the United States after January 1, 1937, which has been taken by the United States for use in any manner, the Secretary of Transportation, if in his opinion the transfer would aid in carrying out the policies of this Act,1 is authorized to transfer to the owner of such vessel another vessel which is deemed by the Secretary to be of comparable type with adjustments for depreciation and difference in design or speed, and to the extent applicable, such other adjustments and terms and conditions, including transfer of mortgage obligations in favor of the United States binding upon the old vessel, as the Secretary may prescribe.
(Added and amended Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3502(a)(2), (b)(5), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1910.)
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, means act Mar. 8, 1946, ch. 82, 60 Stat. 41, known as the Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946, which was classified principally to chapter 54 (§ 4401 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. The Act has been repealed, except for sections 8(d) and 11, which were transferred to this section and section 57100 of this title, respectively, by Pub. L. 115–91. Provisions relating to the policies of the Act were contained in section 4401 of Title 50 prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–91.
heading: Codification
text: Section, as added and amended by Pub. L. 115–91, is based on act Mar. 8, 1946, ch. 82, § 8(d), 60 Stat. 46, as amended by Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(154), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167, which was formerly classified to section 4404(d) of Title 50, War and National Defense, before being transferred to this chapter and renumbered as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Pub. L. 115–91, § 3502(b)(5)(C), which directed striking out “adjustments with respect to the retained vessels as provided for in section 9, and”, was executed by striking out “adjustments with respect to the retained vessel as provided for in section 9, and” after “extent applicable,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 115–91, § 3502(b)(5)(B), which directed insertion of “of Transportation” after “Secretary”, was executed by making the insertion after “Secretary” the first time appearing to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 115–91, § 3502(b)(5)(A), inserted section enumerator and catchline.
Pub. L. 115–91, § 3502(a)(2), transferred section 8(d) of act Mar. 8, 1946, to this chapter and renumbered it as this section. See Codification note above.
46 U.S.C. § 56309 (SHIPPING)
§ 56309. Emergency foreign vessel acquisition; purchase or requisition of vessels lying idle in United States waters
During any period in which vessels may be requisitioned under this chapter, the President is authorized and empowered through the Secretary of Transportation to purchase, or to requisition, or for any part of such period to charter or requisition the use of, or to take over the title to or possession of, for such use or disposition as he shall direct, any merchant vessel not owned by citizens of the United States which is lying idle in waters within the jurisdiction of the United States and which the President finds to be necessary to the national defense. Just compensation shall be determined and made to the owner or owners of any such vessel in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter. Such compensation hereunder, or advances on account thereof, shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States in a separate deposit fund. Payments for such compensation and also for payment of any valid claim upon such vessel in accord with the provisions of section 56305, shall be made from such fund upon the certificate of the Secretary of Transportation.
(Added and amended Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1911.)
heading: Codification
text: Section, as added and amended by section 3504(a) of Pub. L. 115–91, is based on act Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, § 1, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, § 3302(c), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167, which was formerly classified to section 196 of Title 50, War and National Defense, before being transferred to this chapter and renumbered as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Pub. L. 115–91, § 3504(a)(2), inserted section enumerator and catchline and, in text, substituted “this chapter” for “section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended” in two places and “section 56305” for “the second paragraph of subsection (d) of such section 902, as amended”.
Pub. L. 115–91, § 3504(a)(1), transferred section 1 of act Aug. 9, 1954, to this chapter and renumbered it as this section. See Codification note above.
heading: References
text: Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(f), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1913, provided that: “Any reference in a law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to a section that is redesignated and transferred by this section [sections 1 to 3 of act Aug. 9, 1954, former 50 U.S.C. 196 to 198] is deemed to refer to such section as so redesignated and transferred [now 46 U.S.C. 56309 to 56311].”
46 U.S.C. § 56310 (SHIPPING)
§ 56310. Voluntary purchase or charter agreements
During any period in which vessels may be requisitioned under this chapter as amended,1 the President is authorized through the Secretary of Transportation to acquire by voluntary agreement of purchase or charter the ownership or use of any merchant vessel not owned by citizens of the United States.
(Added and amended Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(b), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1912.)
heading: Codification
text: Section, as added and amended by section 3504(b) of Pub. L. 115–91, is based on act Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, § 2, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167, which was formerly classified to section 197 of Title 50, War and National Defense, before being transferred to this chapter and renumbered as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Pub. L. 115–91, § 3504(b)(2), inserted section enumerator and catchline and, in text, substituted “this chapter” for “section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936,”.
Pub. L. 115–91, § 3504(b)(1), transferred section 2 of act Aug. 9, 1954, to this chapter and renumbered it as this section. See Codification note above.
46 U.S.C. § 56312 (SHIPPING)
§ 56312. Documented defined
In sections 56309 through 56311, the term “documented” means, with respect to a vessel, that a certificate of documentation has been issued for the vessel under chapter 121.
(Added Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(d), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1913.)
46 U.S.C. § 57101 (SHIPPING)
§ 57101. Placement of vessels in National Defense Reserve Fleet
(a) In General.—
Any vessel acquired by the Maritime Administration of 1,500 gross tons or more or such other vessels as the Secretary of Transportation determines are appropriate shall be placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet.
(b) Removal From Fleet.—
A vessel placed in the Fleet under subsection (a) may not be traded out or sold from the Fleet, except as provided in section 57102, 57103, or 57104 or chapter 533, 537, 573, or 575 of this title.
(c) Authority of Federal Entities To Transfer Vessels.—
All Federal entities are authorized to transfer vessels to the National Defense Reserve Fleet without reimbursement subject to the approval of the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of the Navy with respect to Ready Reserve Force vessels and the Secretary of Transportation with respect to all other vessels.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 8(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1658; Pub. L. 112–213, title IV, §§ 406, 407, Dec. 20, 2012, 126 Stat. 1571; Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3502(b)(7), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1911.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
57101
46 App.:1160(j).
June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title V, § 510(j), as added Pub. L. 89–254, § 2, Oct. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 980; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(91), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 161.
In subsection (a), the words “vessel acquired by the Maritime Administration” are subtituted for “vessel heretofore or hereafter acquired under this section, or otherwise acquired by the Maritime Administration of the Department of Transportation under any other authority” to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (b), the words “except as provided in section 57102, 57103, or 57104 or chapter 533, 537, 573, or 575 of this title” are substituted for “except as provided for in subsections (g) and (i) of this section. This limitation shall not affect the rights of the Secretary of Transportation to dispose of a vessel as provided in other sections of this subchapter or in subchapters VII or XI of this chapter” because of the restatement.
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–91, which directed striking out “maintained under section 11 of the Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946 (50 App. 1744)”, was executed by striking out “maintained under section 11 of the Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946 (50 App. U.S.C. 1744)” before period at end, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–213, § 406, inserted “of 1,500 gross tons or more or such other vessels as the Secretary of Transportation determines are appropriate” after “Administration”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–213, § 407, added subsec. (c).
46 U.S.C. § 70504 (SHIPPING)
§ 70504. Jurisdiction and venue
(a) Jurisdiction.—
Jurisdiction of the United States with respect to a vessel subject to this chapter is not an element of an offense. Jurisdictional issues arising under this chapter are preliminary questions of law to be determined solely by the trial judge.
(b) Venue.—
A person violating section 70503 or 70508—
(1) shall be tried in the district in which such offense was committed; or
(2) if the offense was begun or committed upon the high seas, or elsewhere outside the jurisdiction of any particular State or district, may be tried in any district.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 10(2), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 110–407, title II, § 202(b)(2), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4300; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1012(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1546.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70504
46 App.:1903(f).
Pub. L. 96–350, § 3(f), Sept. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 99–570, title III, § 3202, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–97; Pub. L. 99–640, § 17, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3554; Pub. L. 104–324, § 1138(a)(5), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3989.
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–91 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows:
“(b) Venue.—A person violating section 70503 or 70508 of this title shall be tried in the district court of the United States for—
“(1) the district at which the person enters the United States; or
“(2) the District of Columbia.”
2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–407 inserted “or 70508” after “70503” in introductory provisions.
47 U.S.C. § 537a (TELECOMMUNICATIONS)
§ 537a. Carriage of certain programming
(a) Definitions
In this section—
(1) the term “local commercial television station” has the meaning given the term in section 534(h) of this title;
(2) the term “multichannel video programming distributor” has the meaning given the term in section 522 of this title;
(3) the term “qualified noncommercial educational television station” has the meaning given the term in section 535(l) of this title;
(4) the term “retransmission consent” means the authority granted to a multichannel video programming distributor under section 325(b) of this title to retransmit the signal of a television broadcast station; and
(5) the term “television broadcast station” has the meaning given the term in section 76.66(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations.
(b) Carriage of certain content
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a multichannel video programming distributor may not be directly or indirectly required, including as a condition of obtaining retransmission consent, to—
(1) carry non-incidental video content from a local commercial television station, qualified noncommercial educational television station, or television broadcast station to the extent that such content is owned, controlled, or financed (in whole or in part) by the Government of the Russian Federation; or
(2) lease, or otherwise make available, channel capacity to any person for the provision of video programming that is owned, controlled, or financed (in whole or in part) by the Government of the Russian Federation.
(c) Rule of construction
Nothing in this section may be construed as applying to the editorial use by a local commercial television station, qualified noncommercial educational television station, or television broadcast station of programming that is owned, controlled, or financed (in whole or in part) by the Government of the Russian Federation.
(Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1093, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1611.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, and not as part of the Communications Act of 1934 which comprises this chapter.
50 U.S.C. § 196...198 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§§ 196 to 198. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section 196, Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, § 1, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, § 3302(c), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167, was redesignated as and transferred to section 56309 of Title 46, Shipping, by Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(a)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1911.
Section 197, Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, § 2, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167, was redesignated as and transferred to section 56310 of Title 46, Shipping, by Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(b)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1912.
Section 198, Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, § 3, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(b)(1), (2), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167, was redesignated as and transferred to section 56311 of Title 46, Shipping, by Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3504(c)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1912.
50 U.S.C. § 1549 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1549. Report on and notice of changes made to the legal and policy frameworks for the United States’ use of military force and related national security operations
(a) Initial report
(1) In general
Not later than 90 days after December 12, 2017, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the legal and policy frameworks for the United States’ use of military force and related national security operations.
(2) Matters to be included
The report required by paragraph (1) shall include the legal, factual, and policy justifications for any changes made to such legal and policy frameworks during the period beginning on January 20, 2017, and ending on the date the report is submitted.
(b) Notice required
Not later than 30 days after the date on which a change is made to the legal and policy frameworks described in subsection (a)(1), the President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of such change, including the legal, factual, and policy justification for such change.
(c) Form
The report required by subsection (a) and each notice required by subsection (b) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined
In this section, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XII, § 1264, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1689.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, and not as part of the War Powers Resolution which comprises this chapter.
50 U.S.C. § 1914 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1914. Department of Defense program to protect United States students against foreign agents
(a) Program
The Secretary of Defense shall develop and implement a program to prepare United States students studying abroad through Department of Defense National Security Education Programs to recognize and protect themselves against recruitment efforts by intelligence agents.
(b) Briefing
Not later than 180 days after December 12, 2017, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a briefing on the program required under subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XII, § 1277, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1700.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, and not as part of the David L. Boren National Security Education Act of 1991 which comprises this chapter.
50 U.S.C. § 2538b (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2538b. Stockpile responsiveness program
(a) Statement of policy
It is the policy of the United States to identify, sustain, enhance, integrate, and continually exercise all capabilities required to conceptualize, study, design, develop, engineer, certify, produce, and deploy nuclear weapons to ensure the nuclear deterrent of the United States remains safe, secure, reliable, credible, and responsive.
(b) Program required
The Secretary of Energy, acting through the Administrator and in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall carry out a stockpile responsiveness program, along with the stockpile stewardship program under section 2521 of this title and the stockpile management program under section 2524 of this title, to identify, sustain, enhance, integrate, and continually exercise all capabilities required to conceptualize, study, design, develop, engineer, certify, produce, and deploy nuclear weapons.
(c) Objectives
The program under subsection (b) shall have the following objectives:
(1) Identify, sustain, enhance, integrate, and continually exercise all of the capabilities, infrastructure, tools, and technologies across the science, engineering, design, certification, and manufacturing cycle required to carry out all phases of the joint nuclear weapons life cycle process, with respect to both the nuclear security enterprise and relevant elements of the Department of Defense.
(2) Identify, enhance, and transfer knowledge, skills, and direct experience with respect to all phases of the joint nuclear weapons life cycle process from one generation of nuclear weapon designers and engineers to the following generation.
(3) Periodically demonstrate stockpile responsiveness throughout the range of capabilities required, including prototypes, flight testing, and development of plans for certification without the need for nuclear explosive testing.
(4) Shorten design, certification, and manufacturing cycles and timelines to minimize the amount of time and costs leading to an engineering prototype and production.
(5) Continually exercise processes for the integration and coordination of all relevant elements and processes of the Administration and the Department of Defense required to ensure stockpile responsiveness.
(6) The retention of the ability, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, to assess and develop prototype nuclear weapons of foreign countries and, if necessary, to conduct no-yield testing of those prototypes.
(d) Joint nuclear weapons life cycle process defined
In this section, the term “joint nuclear weapons life cycle process” means the process developed and maintained by the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy for the development, production, maintenance, and retirement of nuclear weapons.
(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4220, as added Pub. L. 114–92, div. C, title XXXI, § 3112(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1189; amended Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXI, § 3135(b), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1898.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2017—Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 115–91 added par. (6).