dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
2 U.S.C. § 1516 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 1516. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Congressional Budget Office $4,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 104–4, title I, § 109, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 64.)
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title I of Pub. L. 104–4, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 50, which enacted this subchapter and sections 658 to 658g of this title, amended sections 602, 632, and 653 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 1511 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, or on the date 90 days after appropriations are made available as authorized under this section, whichever is earlier, and applicable to legislation considered on and after such date, see section 110 of Pub. L. 104–4, set out as a note under section 1511 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 57b–4 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 57b–4. Good faith reliance on actions of Board of Governors
(a) “Board of Governors” defined
For purposes of this section, the term “Board of Governors’ means the Board of Governors” of the Federal Reserve System.
(b) Use as defense
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if—
(1) any person, partnership, or corporation engages in any conduct or practice which allegedly constitutes a violation of any Federal law with respect to which the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has rulemaking authority; and
(2) such person, partnership, or corporation engaged in such conduct or practice in good faith reliance upon, and in conformity with, any rule, regulation, statement of interpretation, or statement of approval prescribed or issued by the Board of Governors under such Federal law;
then such good faith reliance shall constitute a defense in any administrative or judicial proceeding commenced against such person, partnership, or corporation by the Commission under this subchapter or in any administrative or judicial proceeding commenced against such person, partnership, or corporation by the Attorney General of the United States, upon request made by the Commission, under any provision of law.
(c) Applicability of subsection (b)
The provisions of subsection (b) shall apply regardless of whether any rule, regulation, statement of interpretation, or statement of approval prescribed or issued by the Board of Governors is amended, rescinded, or held to be invalid by judicial authority or any other authority after a person, partnership, or corporation has engaged in any conduct or practice in good faith reliance upon, and in conformity with, such rule, regulation, statement of interpretation, or statement of approval.
(d) Request for issuance of statement or interpretation concerning conduct or practice
If, in any case in which—
(1) the Board of Governors has rulemaking authority with respect to any Federal law; and
(2) the Commission is authorized to enforce the requirements of such Federal law;
any person, partnership, or corporation submits a request to the Board of Governors for the issuance of any statement of interpretation or statement of approval relating to any conduct or practice of such person, partnership, or corporation which may be subject to the requirements of such Federal law, then the Board of Governors shall dispose of such request as soon as practicable after the receipt of such request.
(Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, § 23, as added Pub. L. 96–252, § 16, May 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 390.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective May 28, 1980, see section 23 of Pub. L. 96–252, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 45 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 80c (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 80c. Liaison between Securities and Exchange Commission and Small Business Administration
(a) Studies on needs, problems, and costs of businesses; availability
The Securities and Exchange Commission shall gather, analyze, and make available to the public, information with respect to the capital formation needs, and the problems and costs involved with new, small, medium-sized, and independent businesses.
(b) Availability of studies to Small Business Administration
The Commission shall make the results of such studies available to the Small Business Administration and otherwise have regular communication and liaison with such Administration in these matters.
(Pub. L. 96–477, title V, § 502, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2292.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 96–477, title V, § 507, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2294, provided that: “Except as otherwise specified, the amendments made by this title [enacting this chapter and amending section 77s of this title] shall become effective January 1 of the year following the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1980].”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 96–477, title V, § 501, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2291, provided that: “This title [enacting this chapter and amending section 77s of this title] may be cited as the ‘Omnibus Small Business Capital Formation Act of 1980’.”
15 U.S.C. § 80c–1 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 80c–1. Annual government-business forum on capital formation
(a) Responsibility of Securities and Exchange Commission
Pursuant to the consultation called for in section 80c of this title, the Securities and Exchange Commission (acting through the Office of the Advocate for Small Business Capital Formation and in consultation with the Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee) shall conduct an annual Government-business forum to review the current status of problems and programs relating to small business capital formation.
(b) Participation in forum planning
The Commission shall invite other Federal agencies, such as the Department of the Treasury, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Small Business Administration, organizations representing State securities commissioners, and leading small business and professional organizations concerned with capital formation, to participate in the planning for such forums.
(c) Preparation of statements and reports
The Commission may request any of the Federal departments, agencies, or organizations such as those specified in subsection (b), or other groups or individuals, to prepare statements and reports to be delivered at such forums. Such departments and agencies shall cooperate in this effort.
(d) Transmittal of proceedings and findings
A summary of the proceedings of such forums and any findings or recommendations thereof shall be prepared and transmitted to the participants, appropriate committees of the Congress, and others who may be interested in the subject matter.
(Pub. L. 96–477, title V, § 503, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2292; Pub. L. 114–284, § 2(c), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1452.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–284 inserted “(acting through the Office of the Advocate for Small Business Capital Formation and in consultation with the Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee)” after “the Securities and Exchange Commission”.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 507 of Pub. L. 96–477, set out as a note under section 80c of this title.
heading: Termination of Reporting Requirements
text: For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsection (d) of this section is listed on page 190), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
15 U.S.C. § 1226 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 1226. Motor vehicle franchise contract dispute resolution process
(a) Election of arbitration
(1) Definitions
For purposes of this subsection—
(A) the term “motor vehicle” has the meaning given such term in section 30102(6) of title 49;1 and
(B) the term “motor vehicle franchise contract” means a contract under which a motor vehicle manufacturer, importer, or distributor sells motor vehicles to any other person for resale to an ultimate purchaser and authorizes such other person to repair and service the manufacturer’s motor vehicles.
(2) Consent required
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever a motor vehicle franchise contract provides for the use of arbitration to resolve a controversy arising out of or relating to such contract, arbitration may be used to settle such controversy only if after such controversy arises all parties to such controversy consent in writing to use arbitration to settle such controversy.
(3) Explanation required
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever arbitration is elected to settle a dispute under a motor vehicle franchise contract, the arbitrator shall provide the parties to such contract with a written explanation of the factual and legal basis for the award.
(b) Application
Subsection (a) shall apply to contracts entered into, amended, altered, modified, renewed, or extended after November 2, 2002.
(Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, § 11028, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1835.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 30102(6) of title 49, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), probably should be “section 30102(a)(6) of title 49”, which was redesignated section 30102(a)(7) of title 49 by section 24109(b)(2) of Pub. L. 114–94, div. B, title XXIV, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1706.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, and not as part of act Aug. 8, 1956, ch. 1038, which comprises this chapter.
15 U.S.C. § 3707 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3707. National Science Foundation Cooperative Research Centers
(a) Establishment and provisions
The National Science Foundation shall provide assistance for the establishment of Cooperative Research Centers. Such Centers shall be affiliated with a university, or other nonprofit institution, or a group thereof. The objective of the Centers is to enhance technological innovation as provided in section 3705(a) of this title through the conduct of activities as provided in section 3705(b) of this title.
(b) Planning grants
The National Science Foundation is authorized to make available nonrenewable planning grants to universities or nonprofit institutions for the purpose of developing the plan, as described under section 3705(c)(3) of this title.
(c) Terms and conditions
Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements entered into by the National Science Foundation in execution of the powers and duties of the National Science Foundation under this chapter shall be governed by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.] and other pertinent Acts.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 9, formerly § 8, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2316; Pub. L. 99–502, § 9(b)(11), (12), (e)(2)(B), Oct. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 1796, 1797; renumbered § 9, Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5122(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1438; Pub. L. 106–404, § 7(4), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1745.)
heading: References in Text
text: The National Science Foundation Act of 1950, referred to in subsec. (c), is act May 10, 1950, ch. 171, 64 Stat. 149, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§ 1861 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1861 of Title 42 and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 9 of Pub. L. 96–480 was renumbered section 10 and is classified to section 3708 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2000—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 106–404 made technical amendments to references in original act which appear in text as references to section 3705 of this title.
1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–502 substituted “Cooperative Research Centers” for “Centers for Industrial Technology” and struck out last sentence which read as follows: “The provisions of sections 3705(e) and 3705(f) of this title shall apply to Centers established under this section.”
15 U.S.C. § 3804 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3804. Coordination with other Federal departments and agencies
(a) Related responsibilities and regulatory activities
In carrying out the programs established under sections 3803 and 3806 of this title, the Secretary shall assure, to the maximum extent practicable, that the functions of this program are coordinated with related regulatory activities and other responsibilities of the Department of Energy and any other Federal departments or agencies.
(b) Scope of assistance
Each department, agency, and instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government shall carefully consider any written request from the Secretary, the head of any organizational entity designated by the Secretary pursuant to section 3803(a) of this title, or the head of any agency which is party to an agreement or arrangement pursuant to section 3803(b) of this title, to furnish such assistance, on a reimbursable basis, as the Secretary or such head deems necessary to carry out the program and to achieve the purposes of this chapter. Such assistance may include transfer of personnel with their consent and without prejudice to their position and rating.
(Pub. L. 96–512, § 5, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2830.)
15 U.S.C. § 8308 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8308. Memorandum
(a)
(1) The Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission shall, not later than 180 days after July 21, 2010, negotiate a memorandum of understanding to establish procedures for—
(A) applying their respective authorities in a manner so as to ensure effective and efficient regulation in the public interest;
(B) resolving conflicts concerning overlapping jurisdiction between the 2 agencies; and
(C) avoiding, to the extent possible, conflicting or duplicative regulation.
(2) Such memorandum and any subsequent amendments to the memorandum shall be promptly submitted to the appropriate committees of Congress.
(b) The Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission shall, not later than 180 days after July 21, 2010, negotiate a memorandum of understanding to share information that may be requested where either Commission is conducting an investigation into potential manipulation, fraud, or market power abuse in markets subject to such Commission’s regulation or oversight. Shared information shall remain subject to the same restrictions on disclosure applicable to the Commission initially holding the information.
(Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, § 720, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1657.)
15 U.S.C. § 8501 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8501. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Seasonal
The term “seasonal” means the time range between 3 months and 2 years.
(2) State
The term “State” means a State, a territory, or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, or the District of Columbia.
(3) Subseasonal
The term “subseasonal” means the time range between 2 weeks and 3 months.
(4) Under Secretary
The term “Under Secretary” means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
(5) Weather industry and weather enterprise
The terms “weather industry” and “weather enterprise” are interchangeable in this chapter, and include individuals and organizations from public, private, and academic sectors that contribute to the research, development, and production of weather forecast products, and primary consumers of these weather forecast products.
(Pub. L. 115–25, § 2, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 92.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 115–25, April 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 91, known as the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 115–25, § 1(a), Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 91, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter and sections 3206a and 3208 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending sections 3201 to 3207 of Title 33, and enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 3201 of Title 33] may be cited as the ‘Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017’.”
15 U.S.C. § 8511 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8511. Public safety priority
In conducting research, the Under Secretary shall prioritize improving weather data, modeling, computing, forecasting, and warnings for the protection of life and property and for the enhancement of the national economy.
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 101, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 92.)
15 U.S.C. § 8513 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8513. Tornado warning improvement and extension program
(a) In general
The Under Secretary, in collaboration with the United States weather industry and academic partners, shall establish a tornado warning improvement and extension program.
(b) Goal
The goal of such program shall be to reduce the loss of life and economic losses from tornadoes through the development and extension of accurate, effective, and timely tornado forecasts, predictions, and warnings, including the prediction of tornadoes beyond 1 hour in advance.
(c) Program plan
Not later than 180 days after April 18, 2017, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, in coordination with the Director of the National Weather Service, shall develop a program plan that details the specific research, development, and technology transfer activities, as well as corresponding resources and timelines, necessary to achieve the program goal.
(d) Annual budget for plan submittal
Following completion of the plan, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the Director of the National Weather Service, shall, not less frequently than once each year, submit to Congress a proposed budget corresponding with the activities identified in the plan.
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 103, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 94.)
15 U.S.C. § 8514 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8514. Hurricane forecast improvement program
(a) In general
The Under Secretary, in collaboration with the United States weather industry and such academic entities as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall maintain a project to improve hurricane forecasting.
(b) Goal
The goal of the project maintained under subsection (a) shall be to develop and extend accurate hurricane forecasts and warnings in order to reduce loss of life, injury, and damage to the economy, with a focus on—
(1) improving the prediction of rapid intensification and track of hurricanes;
(2) improving the forecast and communication of storm surges from hurricanes; and
(3) incorporating risk communication research to create more effective watch and warning products.
(c) Project plan
Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in consultation with the Director of the National Weather Service, shall develop a plan for the project maintained under subsection (a) that details the specific research, development, and technology transfer activities, as well as corresponding resources and timelines, necessary to achieve the goal set forth in subsection (b).
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 104, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 94.)
15 U.S.C. § 8515 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8515. Weather research and development planning
Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the Director of the National Weather Service and the Assistant Administrator for Satellite and Information Services, shall issue a research and development and research to operations plan to restore and maintain United States leadership in numerical weather prediction and forecasting that—
(1) describes the forecasting skill and technology goals, objectives, and progress of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in carrying out the program conducted under section 8512 of this title;
(2) identifies and prioritizes specific research and development activities, and performance metrics, weighted to meet the operational weather mission of the National Weather Service to achieve a weather-ready Nation;
(3) describes how the program will collaborate with stakeholders, including the United States weather industry and academic partners; and
(4) identifies, through consultation with the National Science Foundation, the United States weather industry, and academic partners, research necessary to enhance the integration of social science knowledge into weather forecast and warning processes, including to improve the communication of threat information necessary to enable improved severe weather planning and decisionmaking on the part of individuals and communities.
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 105, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 95.)
15 U.S.C. § 8516 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8516. Observing system planning
The Under Secretary shall—
(1) develop and maintain a prioritized list of observation data requirements necessary to ensure weather forecasting capabilities to protect life and property to the maximum extent practicable;
(2) consistent with section 8517 of this title, utilize Observing System Simulation Experiments, Observing System Experiments, Analyses of Alternatives, and other appropriate assessment tools to ensure continuous systemic evaluations of the observing systems, data, and information needed to meet the requirements of paragraph (1), including options to maximize observational capabilities and their cost-effectiveness;
(3) identify current and potential future data gaps in observing capabilities related to the requirements listed under paragraph (1); and
(4) determine a range of options to address gaps identified under paragraph (3).
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 106, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 95.)
15 U.S.C. § 8518 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 8518. Annual report on computing resources prioritization
Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under Secretary, acting through the Chief Information Officer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in coordination with the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the Director of the National Weather Service, shall produce and make publicly available a report that explains how the Under Secretary intends—
(1) to continually support upgrades to pursue the fastest, most powerful, and cost-effective high performance computing technologies in support of its weather prediction mission;
(2) to ensure a balance between the research to operations requirements to develop the next generation of regional and global models as well as highly reliable operational models;
(3) to take advantage of advanced development concepts to, as appropriate, make next generation weather prediction models available in beta-test mode to operational forecasters, the United States weather industry, and partners in academic and Government research; and
(4) to use existing computing resources to improve advanced research and operational weather prediction.
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 108, Apr. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 97.)