42 U.S.C. § 5106 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 5106. Grants to States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, and public or private agencies and organizations
(a) Grants for programs and projects
The Secretary may make grants to, and enter into contracts with, entities that are States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, or public agencies or private agencies or organizations (or combinations of such entities) for programs and projects for the following purposes:
(1) Training programs
The Secretary may award grants to public or private organizations under this subsection—
(A) for the training of professional and paraprofessional personnel in the fields of health care, medicine, law enforcement, judiciary, social work and child protection, education, child care, and other relevant fields, or individuals such as court appointed special advocates (CASAs) and guardian ad litem, who are engaged in, or intend to work in, the field of prevention, identification, and treatment of child abuse and neglect, including the links between domestic violence and child abuse and neglect;
(B) to improve the recruitment, selection, and training of volunteers serving in public and private children, youth, and family service organizations in order to prevent child abuse and neglect;
(C) for the establishment of resource centers for the purpose of providing information and training to professionals working in the field of child abuse and neglect;
(D) for training to enhance linkages among child protective service agencies and health care agencies, entities providing physical and mental health services, community resources, and developmental disability agencies, to improve screening, forensic diagnosis, and health and developmental evaluations, and for partnerships between child protective service agencies and health care agencies that support the coordinated use of existing Federal, State, local, and private funding to meet the health evaluation needs of children who have been subjects of substantiated cases of child abuse or neglect;
(E) for the training of personnel in best practices to meet the unique needs of children with disabilities, including promoting interagency collaboration;
(F) for the training of personnel in best practices to promote collaboration with the families from the initial time of contact during the investigation through treatment;
(G) for the training of personnel regarding the legal duties of such personnel and their responsibilities to protect the legal rights of children and families;
(H) for the training of personnel in childhood development including the unique needs of children under age 3;
(I) for improving the training of supervisory and nonsupervisory child welfare workers;
(J) for enabling State child welfare agencies to coordinate the provision of services with State and local health care agencies, alcohol and drug abuse prevention and treatment agencies, mental health agencies, other public and private welfare agencies, and agencies that provide early intervention services to promote child safety, permanence, and family stability;
(K) for cross training for child protective service workers in research-based strategies for recognizing situations of substance abuse, domestic violence, and neglect;
(L) for developing, implementing, or operating information and education programs or training programs designed to improve the provision of services to infants or toddlers with disabilities with life-threatening conditions for—
(i) professionals and paraprofessional personnel concerned with the welfare of infants or toddlers with disabilities with life-threatening conditions, including personnel employed in child protective services programs and health care facilities; and
(ii) the parents of such infants; and
(M) for the training of personnel in best practices relating to the provision of differential response.
(2) Triage procedures
The Secretary may award grants under this subsection to public and private agencies that demonstrate innovation in responding to reports of child abuse and neglect, including programs of collaborative partnerships between the State child protective services agency, community social service agencies and family support programs, law enforcement agencies, developmental disability agencies, substance abuse treatment entities, health care entities, domestic violence prevention entities, mental health service entities, schools, churches and synagogues, and other community agencies, to allow for the establishment of a triage system that—
(A) accepts, screens, and assesses reports received to determine which such reports require an intensive intervention and which require voluntary referral to another agency, program, or project;
(B) provides, either directly or through referral, a variety of community-linked services to assist families in preventing child abuse and neglect; and
(C) provides further investigation and intensive intervention when the child’s safety is in jeopardy.
(3) Mutual support programs
The Secretary may award grants to private organizations to establish or maintain a national network of mutual support, leadership, and self-help programs as a means of strengthening families in partnership with their communities.
(4) Kinship care
The Secretary may award grants to public and private entities to assist such entities in developing or implementing procedures using adult relatives as the preferred placement for children removed from their home, where such relatives are determined to be capable of providing a safe nurturing environment for the child and where such relatives comply with the State child protection standards.
(5) Linkages among child protective service agencies and public health, mental health, substance abuse, developmental disabilities, and domestic violence service agencies
The Secretary may award grants to entities that provide linkages among State or local child protective service agencies and public health, mental health, substance abuse, developmental disabilities, and domestic violence service agencies, and entities that carry out community-based programs, for the purpose of establishing linkages that are designed to ensure that a greater number of substantiated victims of child maltreatment have their physical health, mental health, and developmental needs appropriately diagnosed and treated, in accordance with all applicable Federal and State privacy laws.
(6) Collaborations between child protective service entities and domestic violence service entities
The Secretary may award grants to public or private agencies and organizations under this section to develop or expand effective collaborations between child protective service entities and domestic violence service entities to improve collaborative investigation and intervention procedures, provision for the safety of the nonabusing parent involved and children, and provision of services to children exposed to domestic violence that also support the caregiving role of the non-abusing parent.
(b) Discretionary grants
In addition to grants or contracts made under subsection (a), grants or contracts under this section may be used for the following:
(1) Respite and crisis nursery programs provided by community-based organizations under the direction and supervision of hospitals.
(2) Respite and crisis nursery programs provided by community-based organizations.
(3) Programs based within children’s hospitals or other pediatric and adolescent care facilities, that provide model approaches for improving medical diagnosis of child abuse and neglect and for health evaluations of children for whom a report of maltreatment has been substantiated.
(4)
(A) Providing hospital-based information and referral services to—
(i) parents of children with disabilities; and
(ii) children who have been victims of child abuse or neglect and their parents.
(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C)(iii), services provided under a grant received under this paragraph shall be provided at the hospital involved—
(i) upon the birth or admission of a child with disabilities; and
(ii) upon the treatment of a child for child abuse and neglect.
(C) Services, as determined as appropriate by the grantee, provided under a grant received under this paragraph shall be hospital-based and shall consist of—
(i) the provision of notice to parents that information relating to community services is available;
(ii) the provision of appropriate information to parents of a child with disabilities regarding resources in the community, particularly parent training resources, that will assist such parents in caring for their child;
(iii) the provision of appropriate information to parents of a child who has been a victim of child abuse or neglect regarding resources in the community, particularly parent training resources, that will assist such parents in caring for their child and reduce the possibility of child abuse and neglect;
(iv) the provision of appropriate follow-up services to parents of a child described in subparagraph (B) after the child has left the hospital; and
(v) where necessary, assistance in coordination of community services available to parents of children described in subparagraph (B).
The grantee shall assure that parental involvement described in this subparagraph is voluntary.
(D) For purposes of this paragraph, a qualified grantee is an acute care hospital that—
(i) is in a combination with—
(I) a health-care provider organization;
(II) a child welfare organization;
(III) a disability organization; and
(IV) a State child protection agency;
(ii) submits an application for a grant under this paragraph that is approved by the Secretary;
(iii) maintains an office in the hospital involved for purposes of providing services under such grant;
(iv) provides assurances to the Secretary that in the conduct of the project the confidentiality of medical, social, and personal information concerning any person described in subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be maintained, and shall be disclosed only to qualified persons providing required services described in subparagraph (C) for purposes relating to conduct of the project; and
(v) assumes legal responsibility for carrying out the terms and conditions of the grant.
(E) In awarding grants under this paragraph, the Secretary shall—
(i) give priority under this section for two grants under this paragraph, provided that one grant shall be made to provide services in an urban setting and one grant shall be made to provide services in rural setting; and
(ii) encourage qualified grantees to combine the amounts received under the grant with other funds available to such grantees.
(5) Such other innovative programs and projects that show promise of preventing and treating cases of child abuse and neglect as the Secretary may approve.
(c) Evaluation
In making grants for projects under this section, the Secretary shall require all such projects to be evaluated for their effectiveness. Funding for such evaluations shall be provided either as a stated percentage of a demonstration grant or as a separate grant or contract entered into by the Secretary for the purpose of evaluating a particular demonstration project or group of projects. In the case of an evaluation performed by the recipient of a grant, the Secretary shall make available technical assistance for the evaluation, where needed, including the use of a rigorous application of scientific evaluation techniques.
(Pub. L. 93–247, title I, § 105, formerly § 7, Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 98–457, title I, § 106, Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 100–294, title I, § 101, Apr. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 108; renumbered title I, § 106, Pub. L. 101–126, § 3(a)(1), (2), Oct. 25, 1989, 103 Stat. 764; Pub. L. 102–295, title I, §§ 113, 141(1), (2), (5), May 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 191, 199, 200; renumbered § 105 and amended Pub. L. 104–235, title I, §§ 106, 113(a)(1)(A), Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3069, 3079; Pub. L. 108–36, title I, § 113, June 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 111–320, title I, § 114, Dec. 20, 2010, 124 Stat. 3465.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 105 of Pub. L. 93–247 was renumbered section 104 and is classified to section 5105 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(1), substituted “States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations,” for “States” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(A), substituted “entities that are States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, or” for “States,” and “such entities” for “such agencies or organizations” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(B)(i), substituted “this subsection” for “this section” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(B)(ii), inserted “health care,” before “medicine,”, “child care,” before “and other relevant fields,”, and “and neglect” before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(B)(iii), inserted a comma after “youth”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(B)(iv), substituted “enhance linkages among” for “support the enhancement of linkages between”, “entities providing physical and mental health services, community resources, and developmental disability agencies, to improve screening, forensic diagnosis, and health and developmental evaluations, and for partnerships” for “including physical and mental health services, to improve forensic diagnosis and health evaluations and for innovative partnerships”, and “support the coordinated use of” for “offer creative approaches to using”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(E) to (M). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(B)(v) to (xi), added subpars. (E), (H), and (M), redesignated former subpars. (E) to (J) as (F), (G), and (I) to (L), respectively, in subpar. (J), substituted “other public and private welfare agencies, and agencies that provide early intervention services” for “and other public and private welfare agencies”, and, in subpar. (L), substituted “infants or toddlers with disabilities” for “disabled infants” in two places.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(C), substituted “when” for “where”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(D), inserted “, leadership,” after “mutual support”.
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(E), (F), struck out subpar. (A) designation and heading “In general” and struck out “in not more than 10 States” after “public and private entities”.
Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(G), in heading, substituted “among” for “between” and “substance abuse, developmental disabilities, and domestic violence service” for “and developmental disabilities” and, in text, substituted “among” for “between”, “mental health, substance abuse, developmental disabilities, and domestic violence service agencies, and entities that carry out community-based programs, for” for “mental health, and developmental disabilities agencies, for”, and “ensure” for “help assure”.
Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(2)(H), added par. (6).
Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(3)(A), substituted “victims of child abuse or neglect” for “neglected or abused”.
Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(3)(B), substituted “child abuse and neglect” for “abuse or neglect”.
Subsec. (b)(4)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(3)(B), (C), substituted “has been a victim of child abuse or neglect” for “has been neglected or abused” and “possibility of child abuse and neglect” for “possibility of abuse or neglect”.
Subsec. (b)(4)(D). Pub. L. 111–320, § 114(3)(D), substituted “grantee is an” for “grantee is a” in introductory provisions.
2003—Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(d), substituted “Grants to States and public or private agencies and organizations” for “Grants to public agencies and nonprofit private organizations for demonstration programs and projects” as section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(2), in introductory provisions, inserted “States,” after “contracts with,” and struck out “nonprofit” after “private” and “time limited, demonstration” after “organizations) for”.
Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(1), substituted “Grants for” for “Demonstration” in heading.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(3)(A), struck out “nonprofit” after “public or private” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(3)(B), substituted “law enforcement, judiciary, social work and child protection, education, and other relevant fields, or individuals such as court appointed special advocates (CASAs) and guardian ad litem,” for “law, education, social work, and other relevant fields”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(3)(C), substituted “children, youth and family service organizations in order to prevent child abuse and neglect;” for “nonprofit children, youth and family service organizations in order to prevent child abuse and neglect through collaborative analysis of current recruitment, selection, and training programs and development of model programs for dissemination and replication nationally; and”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(D) to (J). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(3)(D), (E), added subpars. (D) to (J).
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(5), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(6), substituted “organizations” for “nonprofit organizations (such as Parents Anonymous)”.
Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(4), redesignated par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(7), added par. heading and struck out former heading “Other innovative programs and projects”, redesignated subpar. (B) as (A), substituted “In general” for “Kinship care” in subpar. heading, and struck out “nonprofit” before “entities” and former subpars. (A) and (C), which related, respectively, to general issues of awarding grants and grants to promote safe, family-friendly physical environments for visitation and exchange.
Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(4), redesignated par. (3) as (4).
Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(a)(8), added par. (5).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(b)(1), substituted “subsection (a)” for “subsection (b)” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(b)(2)–(4), added par. (3), redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “Projects which provide educational identification, prevention, and treatment services in cooperation with preschool and elementary and secondary schools.”
Subsec. (b)(4)(D). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(b)(5), struck out “nonprofit” before “acute care hospital” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–36, § 113(c), struck out “demonstration” before “projects” in first sentence, inserted “or contract” after “or as a separate grant” in second sentence, and inserted at end “In the case of an evaluation performed by the recipient of a grant, the Secretary shall make available technical assistance for the evaluation, where needed, including the use of a rigorous application of scientific evaluation techniques.”
1996—Pub. L. 104–235, § 106(1), struck out “or service” after “demonstration” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–235, § 106(2), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of pars. (1) and (2) which related to general authority of Secretary to make grants and enter into contracts for demonstration or service programs and projects and to evaluate the effectiveness of those demonstration projects.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–235, § 106(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and pars. (3) to (7) thereof as (1) to (5), respectively, struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which related to training programs and other innovative programs, respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: “The Secretary shall, directly or through grants or contracts with public or private nonprofit organizations under this section, provide for the establishment of resource centers—
“(1) serving defined geographic areas;
“(2) staffed by multidisciplinary teams of personnel trained in the prevention, identification, and treatment of child abuse and neglect; and
“(3) providing advice and consultation to individuals, agencies, and organizations which request such services.”
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–235, § 106(6), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).
1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–295, § 113(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).
Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 102–295, § 141(5), substituted “disabilities” for “handicaps”.
Pub. L. 102–295, § 113(b)(1), inserted “culturally specific” before “instruction”.
Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 102–295, § 113(b)(2), added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (c)(6)(A)(i). Pub. L. 102–295, § 141(5), substituted “children with disabilities” for “children with handicaps”.
Subsec. (c)(6)(B)(i). Pub. L. 102–295, § 141(1), substituted “child with disabilities” for “handicapped child”.
Subsec. (c)(6)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 102–295, § 141(2), substituted “child with disabilities” for “child with handicaps”.
1988—Pub. L. 100–294 amended section generally, substituting provision authorizing grants to public agencies and nonprofit private organizations for demonstration or service programs and projects for provision directing the Secretary to ensure coordination among Federal programs related to child abuse and neglect. See section 5106e of this title.
1984—Pub. L. 98–457 substituted “among programs” for “between programs”.