dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
20 U.S.C. § 5702 (EDUCATION)
§ 5702. Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
(a) Establishment and purposes
There is established, as an independent establishment of the executive branch, the Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Foundation”).
(b) Membership
The Foundation shall be subject to the supervision and direction of the Board of Trustees. The Board shall be composed of 13 members as follows:
(1) 2 members appointed by the President in consultation with the President pro tempore of the Senate.
(2) 2 members appointed by the President in consultation with the Minority Leader of the Senate.
(3) 2 members appointed by the President in consultation with the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
(4) 2 members appointed by the President in consultation with the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives.
(5) 5 members appointed by the President.
(c) Chairman and Vice Chairman of Foundation
The President shall designate a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among the members appointed by the President.
(d) Terms of office; vacancies
Each member of the Board of Trustees appointed under subsection (b) shall serve for a term of 6 years from the expiration of the term of such member’s predecessor, except that—
(1) any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which such member’s predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term; and
(2) of the members first appointed—
(A) 4 shall be appointed for a term of 2 years;
(B) 5 shall be appointed for a term of 4 years; and
(C) 4 shall be appointed for a term of 6 years,
as designated by the President.
(e) Expenses; no additional compensation
Members of the Board shall serve without pay, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties as members of the Board.
(Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, § 423, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 142.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, § 631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that, effective one year after May 5, 2017, this section is repealed.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective one year after May 5, 2017, see section 631(a) of Pub. L. 115–31, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5703 (EDUCATION)
§ 5703. Fellowship recipients
(a) Award
The Foundation is authorized to award fellowships to outstanding individuals to encourage new discoveries in all fields of endeavor for the benefit of mankind. Recipients shall be known as “Columbus Scholars”.
(b) Term
Fellowships shall be granted for such periods as the Foundation may prescribe but not to exceed 2 years.
(c) Selection
The Foundation may provide, directly or by contract, for the conduct of a nationwide competition for the selection of fellowship recipients.
(Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, § 424, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 143.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, § 631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that, effective one year after May 5, 2017, this section is repealed.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective one year after May 5, 2017, see section 631(a) of Pub. L. 115–31, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5704 (EDUCATION)
§ 5704. Stipends
Each person awarded a fellowship under this chapter shall receive a stipend as determined by the Foundation.
(Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, § 425, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 143.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, § 631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that, effective one year after May 5, 2017, this section is repealed.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective one year after May 5, 2017, see section 631(a) of Pub. L. 115–31, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5706 (EDUCATION)
§ 5706. Audits
The activities of the Foundation under this chapter may be audited by the Comptroller General of the United States. The Comptroller General shall have access to all books, accounts, records, reports, and files and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Foundation, pertaining to such activities and necessary to facilitate the audit.
(Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, § 427, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 144.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, § 631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that, effective one year after May 5, 2017, this section is repealed.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective one year after May 5, 2017, see section 631(a) of Pub. L. 115–31, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5707 (EDUCATION)
§ 5707. Executive Secretary of Foundation
(a) Duties
There shall be an Executive Secretary of the Foundation who shall be appointed by the Board. The Executive Secretary shall be the chief executive officer of the Foundation and shall carry out the functions of the Foundation subject to the supervision and direction of the Board.
(b) Compensation
The Executive Secretary of the Foundation shall be compensated at an annual rate of basic pay not in excess of the amount payable for Executive Level V.
(Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, § 428, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 144.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, § 631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that, effective one year after May 5, 2017, this section is repealed.
heading: References in Text
text: Executive Level V, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means level V of the Executive Schedule, which is set out in section 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective one year after May 5, 2017, see section 631(a) of Pub. L. 115–31, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5709 (EDUCATION)
§ 5709. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.
(Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, § 430, as added Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VI, § 623(2), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 678.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, § 631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that, effective one year after May 5, 2017, this section is repealed.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective one year after May 5, 2017, see section 631(a) of Pub. L. 115–31, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.
21 U.S.C. § 360n–1 (FOOD AND DRUGS)
§ 360n–1. Priority review for qualified infectious disease products
(a) In general
If the Secretary designates a drug under section 355f(d) of this title as a qualified infectious disease product, then the Secretary shall give priority review to the first application submitted for approval for such drug under section 355(b) of this title.
(b) Construction
Nothing in this section shall prohibit the Secretary from giving priority review to a human drug application or efficacy supplement submitted for approval under section 355(b) of this title that otherwise meets the criteria for the Secretary to grant priority review.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 524A, as added Pub. L. 112–144, title VIII, § 802(a), July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1079; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, § 3101(a)(2)(N), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1154.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Pub. L. 114–255 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted “the first application” for “any application”, and added subsec. (b).
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 112–144, title VIII, § 802(b), July 9, 2012, 126 Stat. 1079, provided that: “Section 524A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 360n–1], as added by subsection (a), applies only with respect to an application that is submitted under section 505(b) of such Act (21 U.S.C. 355(b)) on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 9, 2012].”
22 U.S.C. § 2734c (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2734c. Employee assignment restrictions
(a) Appeal of assignment restriction
The Secretary shall establish a right and process for employees to appeal any assignment restriction or preclusion.
(b) Certification
Upon full implementation of a right and process for employees to appeal an assignment restriction or preclusion under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committee 1 a report that—
(1) certifies that such process has been fully implemented;
(2) includes a detailed description of such process; and
(3) details the number and nature of assignment restrictions and preclusions for the previous 3 years.
(c) Notice
The Secretary shall—
(1) publish in the Foreign Affairs Manual information relating to the right and process established pursuant to subsection (a); and
(2) include a reference to such publication in the report required under subsection (b).
(Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, § 414, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1932.)
heading: Codification
text: Section is comprised of section 414 of Pub. L. 114–323. Subsec. (d) of section 414 of Pub. L. 114–323 amended section 3982 of this title.
heading: Definitions
text: For definitions of “Secretary” and “appropriate congressional committee[s]” as used in this section, see section 2 of Pub. L. 114–323, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2734d (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 2734d. Recruitment and retention of individuals who have lived, worked, or studied in predominantly Muslim countries or communities
(a) Findings
Congress finds that successful engagement, including robust public diplomacy, with predominantly Muslim countries and communities is critical for achieving United States foreign policy objectives.
(b) Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that the Department should recruit more employees that have a personal background in, and thorough understating 1 of, the cultures, languages, and history of the Middle East and wider Muslim world.
(c) Recruitment and retention of certain individuals
The Secretary shall make every effort to recruit and retain individuals that have lived, worked, or studied in predominantly Muslim countries or communities, including individuals who have studied at an Islamic institution of higher learning.
(Pub. L. 114–323, title VII, § 713, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1945.)
heading: Definitions
text: For definitions of “Department” and “Secretary” as used in this section, see section 2 of Pub. L. 114–323, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3949 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 3949. Limited appointments
(a) A limited appointment in the Service, including an appointment of an individual who is an employee of an agency, may not exceed 5 years in duration and, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), may not be extended or renewed. A limited appointment in the Service which is limited by its terms to a period of one year or less is a temporary appointment.
(b) A limited appointment may be extended for continued service—
(1) as a consular agent;
(2) in accordance with section 3951(a) of this title;
(3) as a career candidate, if—
(A) continued service is determined appropriate to remedy a matter that would be cognizable as a grievance under subchapter XI; or
(B) the individual is serving in the uniformed services (as defined in section 4303 of title 38) and the limited appointment expires in the course of such service;
(4) as a career employee in another Federal personnel system serving in a Foreign Service position on detail from another agency;
(5) as a foreign national employee;
(6) in exceptional circumstances if the Secretary determines the needs of the Service require the extension of—
(A) a limited noncareer appointment for a period not to exceed 1 year; or
(B) a limited appointment of a career candidate for the minimum time needed to resolve a grievance, claim, investigation, or complaint not otherwise provided for in this section.
(c)
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) noncareer employees who have served for 5 consecutive years under a limited appointment under this section may be reappointed to a subsequent noncareer limited appointment if there is at least a 1-year break in service before such new appointment.
(2) The Secretary may waive the 1-year break requirement under paragraph (1) in cases of special need.
(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, § 309, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2086; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, § 176, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 180(a)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 103–415, § 1(hh), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4303; Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, § 409, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1930.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–323, § 409(1), substituted “subsections (b) and (c)” for “subsection (b)”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–323, § 409(2)(A), substituted “if—” for “if”, inserted subpar. (A) designation before “continued service” and “or” after semicolon at end, and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 114–323, § 409(2)(B)–(D), added par. (6).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–323, § 409(3), added subsec. (c).
1994—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–236, as amended by Pub. L. 103–415, added par. (5).
1987—Pub. L. 100–204 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted “subsection (b)” for “section 3951(a) of this title”, and added subsec. (b).
22 U.S.C. § 4803 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 4803. Designation of high risk, high threat posts
(a) Initial designation
Not later than 30 days after December 16, 2016, the Department of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, in classified form, that contains a list of diplomatic and consular posts designated as high risk, high threat posts.
(b) Designations before opening or reopening posts
Before opening or reopening a diplomatic or consular post, the Secretary shall determine if such post should be designated as a high risk, high threat post.
(c) Designating existing posts
The Secretary shall regularly review existing diplomatic and consular posts to determine if any such post should be designated as a high risk, high threat post if conditions at such post or the surrounding security environment require such a designation.
(d) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
(2) High risk, high threat post
The term “high risk, high threat post” means a United States diplomatic or consular post or other United States mission abroad, as determined by the Secretary, that, among other factors—
(A) is located in a country—
(i) with high to critical levels of political violence and terrorism; and
(ii) the government of which lacks the ability or willingness to provide adequate security; and
(B) has mission physical security platforms that fall below the Department of State’s established standards.
(Pub. L. 99–399, title I, § 104, as added Pub. L. 114–323, title I, § 101(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1907.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 4803, Pub. L. 99–399, title I, § 104(a), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 856, established Bureau of Diplomatic Security in Department of State, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 162(g)(3), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 407.
A prior section 104 of Pub. L. 99–399 enacted this section and amended former section 2652 of this title and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 162(g)(3), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 407.
22 U.S.C. § 4867 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 4867. Security management training for officials assigned to a high risk, high threat post
(a) In general
Officials described in subsection (c) who are assigned to a high risk, high threat post shall receive security training described in subsection (b) on a mandatory basis in order to improve the ability of such officials to make security-related management decisions.
(b) Security training described
Security training referred to in subsection (a) may include—
(1) development of skills to better evaluate threats;
(2) effective use of security resources to mitigate such threats; and
(3) improved familiarity of available security resources.
(c) Officials described
Officials referred to in subsection (a) are the following:
(1) Members of the Senior Foreign Service appointed under section 3942(a)(1) or 3943 of this title or members of the Senior Executive Service (as such term is described in section 3132(a)(2) of title 5).
(2) Foreign Service officers appointed under section 3942(a)(1) of this title holding a position in classes FS–1 or FS–2.
(3) Foreign Service Specialists appointed by the Secretary under section 3943 of this title holding a position in classes FS–1 or FS–2.
(4) Individuals holding a position in grades GS–14 or GS–15.
(5) Personal services contractors and other contractors serving in positions or capacities similar to the officials described in paragraphs (1) through (4).
(d) Effective date
The requirements of this section shall take effect beginning on the date that is 1 year after December 16, 2016.
(Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, § 417, as added Pub. L. 114–323, title I, § 121(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1913.)
heading: Definitions
text: For definition of “high risk, high threat post” as used in this section, see section 4866(d)(2) of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4868 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 4868. Assignment of personnel at high risk, high threat posts
The Secretary to the extent practicable shall station key personnel for sustained periods of time at high risk, high threat posts (as such term is defined in section 4803 of this title) in order to—
(1) establish institutional knowledge and situational awareness that would allow for a fuller familiarization of the local political and security environment in which such posts are located; and
(2) ensure that necessary security procedures are implemented.
(Pub. L. 114–323, title I, § 117, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1912.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 4803 of this title, referred to in text, was in the original “section 104 of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986, as added by section 401 of this Act” and was translated as reading “section 104 of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986, as added by section 101(a) of this Act”, meaning section 104 of Pub. L. 99–399, as added by section 101(a) of Pub. L. 114–323, which is classified to section 4803 of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Department of State Authorities Act, Fiscal Year 2017, and not as part of the Diplomatic Security Act which comprises this chapter.
heading: Definitions
text: The term “Secretary” as used in this section means the Secretary of State, see section 2 of Pub. L. 114–323, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6473a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6473a. Designated persons list for particularly severe violations of religious freedom
(a) List
(1) In general
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Ambassador at Large and in consultation with relevant government and nongovernment experts, shall establish and maintain a list of foreign individuals to whom a consular post has denied a visa on the grounds of particularly severe violations of religious freedom under section 1182(a)(2)(G) of title 8, or who are subject to financial sanctions or other measures for particularly severe violations of freedom religion.
(2) Reference
The list required under paragraph (1) shall be known as the “Designated Persons List for Particularly Severe Violations of Religious Freedom”.
(b) Report
(1) In general
The Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that contains the list required under subsection (a), including, with respect to each foreign individual on the list—
(A) the name of the individual and a description of the particularly severe violation of religious freedom committed by the individual;
(B) the name of the country or other location in which such violation took place; and
(C) a description of the actions taken pursuant to this chapter or any other Act or Executive order in response to such violation.
(2) Submission and updates
The Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees—
(A) the initial report required under paragraph (1) not later than 180 days after December 16, 2016; and
(B) updates to the report every 180 days thereafter and as new information becomes available.
(3) Form
The report required under paragraph (1) should be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
(4) Definition
In this subsection, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
(C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;
(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;
(E) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
(F) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title VI, § 605, as added Pub. L. 114–281, title V, § 501(2), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1437.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, known as the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 605 of Pub. L. 105–292 was renumbered section 606 and is classified to section 6474 of this title.