42 U.S.C. § 3013 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 3013. Federal agency cooperation
(a) In general
(1) The Assistant Secretary, in carrying out the objectives and provisions of this chapter, shall coordinate, advise, consult with, and cooperate with the head of each department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government proposing or administering programs or services substantially related to the objectives of this chapter, with respect to such programs or services. In particular, the Assistant Secretary shall coordinate, advise, consult, and cooperate with the Secretary of Labor in carrying out subchapter IX and with the Corporation for National and Community Service in carrying out this chapter.
(2) The head of each department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government proposing to establish programs and services substantially related to the objectives of this chapter shall consult with the Assistant Secretary prior to the establishment of such programs and services. To achieve appropriate coordination, the head of each department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government administering any program substantially related to the objectives of this chapter, particularly administering any program referred to in subsection (b), shall consult and cooperate with the Assistant Secretary in carrying out such program. In particular, the Secretary of Labor shall consult and cooperate with the Assistant Secretary in carrying out title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3111 et seq.].
(3) The head of each department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government administering programs and services substantially related to the objectives of this chapter shall collaborate with the Assistant Secretary in carrying out this chapter, and shall develop a written analysis, for review and comment by the Assistant Secretary, of the impact of such programs and services on—
(A) older individuals (with particular attention to low-income older individuals, including low-income minority older individuals, older individuals with limited English proficiency, and older individuals residing in rural areas) and eligible individuals (as defined in section 3056p of this title); and
(B) the functions and responsibilities of State agencies and area agencies on aging.
(b) Federal programs related to chapter objectives
For the purposes of subsection (a), programs related to the objectives of this chapter shall include—
(1) title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3111 et seq.],
(2) title II of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 [42 U.S.C. 5000 et seq.],
(3) titles XVI, XVIII, XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq., 1395 et seq., 1396 et seq., 1397 et seq.],
(4) sections 1715v and 1715w of title 12,
(5) the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.],
(6) section 1701q of title 12,
(7) title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.],
(8) title I of Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act [29 U.S.C. 3271 et seq.],
(9) sections 5309 and 5310 of title 49,
(10) the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.], including block grants under title XIX of such Act [42 U.S.C. 300w et seq.],
(11) the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 [42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.],
(12) part A of the Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings Act of 1976 [42 U.S.C. 6861 et seq.], relating to weatherization assistance for low income persons,
(13) the Community Services Block Grant Act [42 U.S.C. 9901 et seq.],
(14) demographic statistics and analysis programs conducted by the Bureau of the Census under title 13,
(15) parts II and III of title 38,
(16) the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.],
(17) the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 [42 U.S.C. 15001 et seq.],
(18) the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs, established under part E of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3750–3766b)), and
(19) sections 3003 and 3004 of title 29.
(c) Interagency Coordinating Committee on Aging
(1) The Secretary, in collaboration with the Federal officials specified in paragraph (2), shall establish an Interagency Coordinating Committee on Aging (referred to in this subsection as the “Committee”) focusing on the coordination of agencies with respect to aging issues.
(2) The officials referred to in paragraph (1) shall include the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and may include, at the direction of the President, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Commissioner of Social Security, and such other Federal officials as the President may direct. An official described in this paragraph may appoint a designee to carry out the official’s duties under paragraph (1).
(3) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall serve as the first chairperson of the Committee, for 1 term, and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall serve as the chairperson for the following term. After that following term, the Committee shall select a chairperson from among the members of the Committee, and any member may serve as the chairperson. No member may serve as the chairperson for more than 1 consecutive term.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, a term shall be a period of 2 calendar years.
(5) The Committee shall meet not less often than once each year.
(6) The Committee shall—
(A) share information with and establish an ongoing system to improve coordination among Federal agencies with responsibility for programs and services for older individuals and recommend improvements to such system with an emphasis on—
(i) improving access to programs and services for older individuals;
(ii) maximizing the impact of federally funded programs and services for older individuals by increasing the efficiency, effectiveness, and delivery of such programs and services;
(iii) planning and preparing for the impact of demographic changes on programs and services for older individuals; and
(iv) reducing or eliminating areas of overlap and duplication by Federal agencies in the provision and accessibility of such programs and services;
(B) identify, promote, and implement (as appropriate), best practices and evidence-based program and service models to assist older individuals in meeting their housing, health care, and other supportive service needs, including—
(i) consumer-directed care models for home and community-based care and supportive services that link housing, health care, and other supportive services and that facilitate aging in place, enabling older individuals to remain in their homes and communities as the individuals age; and
(ii) innovations in technology applications (including assistive technology devices and assistive technology services) that give older individuals access to information on available services or that help in providing services to older individuals;
(C) collect and disseminate information about older individuals and the programs and services available to the individuals to ensure that the individuals can access comprehensive information;
(D) work with the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, the Bureau of the Census, and member agencies to ensure the continued collection of data relating to the housing, health care, and other supportive service needs of older individuals and to support efforts to identify and address unmet data needs;
(E) actively seek input from and consult with nongovernmental experts and organizations, including public health interest and research groups and foundations about the activities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F);
(F) identify any barriers and impediments, including barriers and impediments in statutory and regulatory law, to the access and use by older individuals of federally funded programs and services; and
(G) work with States to better provide housing, health care, and other supportive services to older individuals by—
(i) holding meetings with State agencies;
(ii) providing ongoing technical assistance to States about better meeting the needs of older individuals; and
(iii) working with States to designate liaisons, from the State agencies, to the Committee.
(7) Not later than 90 days following the end of each term, the Committee shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, and the Special Committee on Aging of the Senate, a report that—
(A) describes the activities and accomplishments of the Committee in—
(i) enhancing the overall coordination of federally funded programs and services for older individuals; and
(ii) meeting the requirements of paragraph (6);
(B) incorporates an analysis from the head of each agency that is a member of the interagency coordinating committee established under paragraph (1) that describes the barriers and impediments, including barriers and impediments in statutory and regulatory law (as the chairperson of the Committee determines to be appropriate), to the access and use by older individuals of programs and services administered by such agency; and
(C) makes such recommendations as the chairman determines to be appropriate for actions to meet the needs described in paragraph (6) and for coordinating programs and services designed to meet those needs.
(8) On the request of the Committee, any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Committee without reimbursement, and such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.
(Pub. L. 89–73, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 93–29, title II, § 201(c), May 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 32; amended Pub. L. 95–478, title I, § 102(b), Oct. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 1513; Pub. L. 97–115, § 2(d), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1595; Pub. L. 98–459, title II, § 203, Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1768; Pub. L. 100–175, title I, §§ 104(a), 105(b), 106(b), Nov. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 929, 930; Pub. L. 102–240, title III, § 3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 102–375, title II, § 203, title IX, § 904(a)(5), Sept. 30, 1992, 106 Stat. 1210, 1306; Pub. L. 103–82, title IV, § 405(g)(2), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 921; Pub. L. 103–171, §§ 2(4), 3(a)(13), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1988, 1990; Pub. L. 105–220, title II, § 251(b)(3), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1080; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(33)(A), (f)(25)(A)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–425, 2681–433; Pub. L. 106–402, title IV, § 401(b)(9)(A), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1739; Pub. L. 106–501, title II, § 202(1), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2230; Pub. L. 109–365, title II, § 203, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 113–128, title V, § 512(w)(1), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1713.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (b)(1), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 3111 et seq.) of chapter 32 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.
The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394, as amended. Title II of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 5000 et seq.) of chapter 66 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of this title and Tables.
The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Titles XVI, XVIII, XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act are classified generally to subchapters XVI (§ 1381 et seq.), XVIII (§ 1395 et seq.), XIX (§ 1396 et seq.), and XX (§ 1397 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of this title and Tables.
The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, § 201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§ 1437 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of this title and Tables.
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b)(7), is Pub. L. 93–383, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 633, as amended. Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 is classified principally to chapter 69 (§ 5301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(8), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended. Title I of the Higher Education Act of 1965 is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1001 et seq.) of chapter 28 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.
The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(8), was title II of Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, which was classified principally to subchapter I (§ 9201 et seq.) of chapter 73 of Title 20, Education, and was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §§ 506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. Pub. L. 113–128 also included a title II, entitled the “Adult Education and Family Literacy Act”, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 3271 et seq.) of chapter 32 of Title 29, Labor. Pursuant to section 3361(a) of Title 29, references to a provision of Pub. L. 105–220 are deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classification of title II of Pub. L. 105–220 to the Code, see Tables. For complete classification of title II of Pub. L. 113–128 to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.
The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(10), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 6A (§ 201 et seq.) of this title. Title XIX of the Public Health Service Act is classified to subchapter XVII (§ 300w et seq.) of chapter 6A of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of this title and Tables.
The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981, referred to in subsec. (b)(11), is title XXVI of Pub. L. 97–35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 893, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 8621 et seq.) of chapter 94 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see note set out under section 8621 of this title and Tables.
The Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (b)(12), is title IV of Pub. L. 94–385, Aug. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1150, as amended. Part A of the Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings Act of 1976 is classified generally to part A (§ 6861 et seq.) of subchapter III of chapter 81 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6801 of this title and Tables.
The Community Services Block Grant Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(13), is subtitle B (§ 671 et seq.) of title VI of Pub. L. 97–35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 511, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 106 (§ 9901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9901 of this title and Tables.
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b)(16), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§ 701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.
The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000, referred to in subsec. (b)(17), is Pub. L. 106–402, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1677, which is classified principally to chapter 144 (§ 15001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15001 of this title and Tables.
The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, referred to in subsec. (b)(18), is Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, as amended. Part E of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§ 3750 et seq.) of chapter 46 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3711 of this title and Tables. References to the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program to be deemed to be a reference to the grant program referred to in section 3750(a) of this title. See section 3750(b)(1) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: In subsec. (b)(9), “sections 5309 and 5310 of title 49” substituted for “sections 3, 9, and 16 of the Federal Transit Act” on authority of Pub. L. 103–272, § 6(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1378, the first section of which enacted subtitles II, III, and V to X of Title 49, Transportation. Previously, section 9 of the Federal Transit Act, classified to section 1607a of former Title 49, Transportation, was repealed by Pub. L. 95–599, title III, § 305(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2473, and a new section 9 of the Act, classified to section 1607a of former Title 49, was enacted by Pub. L. 97–424, title III, § 303, formerly § 303(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2141. The new section 9 of the Act was repealed and reenacted as sections 5307 and 5336 of Title 49, Transportation, by Pub. L. 103–272, §§ 1(b), 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 795, 840, 1379.
heading: Amendments
text: 2014—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–128, § 512(w)(1)(A), substituted “In particular, the Secretary of Labor shall consult and cooperate with the Assistant Secretary in carrying out title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” for “In particular, the Secretary of Labor shall consult and cooperate with the Assistant Secretary in carrying out title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998”.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–128, § 512(w)(1)(B), substituted “title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” for “title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998”.
2006—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–365, § 203(1), substituted “(with particular attention to low-income older individuals, including low-income minority older individuals, older individuals with limited English proficiency, and older individuals residing in rural areas)” for “(with particular attention to low-income minority older individuals and older individuals residing in rural areas)” and “section 3056p” for “section 3056e”.
Subsec. (b)(19). Pub. L. 109–365, § 203(2), added par. (19).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–365, § 203(3), added subsec. (c).
2000—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 106–501 inserted “and older individuals residing in rural areas” after “low-income minority older individuals”.
Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 106–402 substituted “Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000” for “Developmental Disabilities and Bill of Rights Act”.
1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(25)(A)(i)], struck out “the Job Training Partnership Act and” after “in carrying out”.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(33)(A)(i)], substituted last sentence for former last sentence which read as follows: “In particular, the Secretary of Labor shall consult and cooperate with the Assistant Secretary in carrying out the Job Training Partnership Act (29 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).”
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(25)(A)(ii)], added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “the Job Training Partnership Act or title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998,”.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(33)(A)(ii)], added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “the Job Training Partnership Act,”.
Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 105–220 substituted “Adult Education and Family Literacy Act” for “Adult Education Act”.
1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–171, § 3(a)(13), substituted “Assistant Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–82 substituted “the Corporation for National and Community Service” for “the ACTION Agency”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–171, § 2(4), struck out “Federal” before “department” in introductory provisions.
1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–375, § 203(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: “The Commissioner, in carrying out the purposes and provisions of this chapter, shall advise, consult, and cooperate with the head of each Federal agency or department proposing or administering programs or services substantially related to the purposes of this chapter, with respect to such programs or services. The head of each Federal agency or department proposing to establish programs and services substantially related to the purposes of this chapter shall consult with the Commissioner prior to the establishment of such programs and services. The head of each Federal agency administering any program substantially related to the purposes of this chapter, particularly administering any program set forth in subsection (b) of this section, shall, to achieve appropriate coordination, consult and cooperate with the Commissioner in carrying out such program.”
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–375, § 904(a)(5), substituted “objectives of this chapter” for “purposes of this chapter”.
Subsec. (b)(18). Pub. L. 102–375, § 203(b), added par. (18).
1991—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted references to sections of the Federal Transit Act for sections of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, which for purposes of codification were translated as sections of title 49, Appendix, thus requiring no change in text.
1987—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 100–175, § 105(b), inserted reference to block grants under title XIX of the Public Health Service Act.
Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 100–175, § 104(a), added par. (15).
Subsec. (b)(16), (17). Pub. L. 100–175, § 106(b), added pars. (16) and (17).
1984—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–459, § 203(a), substituted “Job Training Partnership Act” for “Comprehensive Employment and Training Act”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–459, § 203(b), inserted reference to title XVI of the Social Security Act.
Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 98–459, § 203(c), struck out “the community schools program under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965,” before “title I” and the comma after “Higher Education Act of 1965”.
Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 98–459, § 203(d), struck out reference to section 1604 of title 49, Appendix.
Subsec. (b)(10) to (14). Pub. L. 98–459, § 203(e), added pars. (10) to (14).
1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–115, § 2(d)(1), substituted “purposes” for “purpose”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–115, § 2(d)(2), substituted “purposes of this chapter” for “purpose of this chapter” in provisions preceding par. (1), substituted “Comprehensive Employment and Training Act” for “Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973” in par. (1), struck out par. (8) which referred to section 2809(a)(8) of this title, redesignated par. (9) as (8) and inserted references to title I of the Higher Education Act of 1965 and to the Adult Education Act, and redesignated par. (10) as (9).
1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–478 added subsec. (a) and struck out similar prior provisions stating that “Federal agencies proposing to establish programs substantially related to the purposes of this chapter shall consult with the Administration on Aging prior to the establishment of such services, and Federal agencies administering such programs shall cooperate with the Administration on Aging in carrying out such services”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–478 added subsec. (b).
heading: Effective Date of 2014 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(33)(A)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(25)(A)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective July 1, 2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3502 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
heading: Effective Date of 1993 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Apr. 4, 1994, see section 406(b) of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as a note under section 8332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
heading: Effective Date of 1987 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 100–175 effective Oct. 1, 1987, except not applicable with respect to any area plan submitted under section 3026(a) of this title or any State plan submitted under section 3027(a) of this title and approved for any fiscal year beginning before Nov. 29, 1987, see section 701(a), (b) of Pub. L. 100–175, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–459 effective Oct. 9, 1984, see section 803(a) of Pub. L. 98–459, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1978 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 95–478 effective at close of Sept. 30, 1978, see section 504 of Pub. L. 95–478, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.