dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
20 U.S.C. § 1130 (EDUCATION)
§ 1130. Findings and purposes
(a) Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) the future economic welfare of the United States will depend substantially on increasing international skills in the business and educational community and creating an awareness among the American public of the internationalization of our economy;
(2) concerted efforts are necessary to engage business schools, language and area study programs, professional international affairs education programs, public and private sector organizations, and United States business in a mutually productive relationship which benefits the Nation’s future economic interests;
(3) few linkages presently exist between the manpower and information needs of United States business and the international education, language training and research capacities of institutions of higher education in the United States, and public and private organizations; and
(4) organizations such as world trade councils, world trade clubs, chambers of commerce and State departments of commerce are not adequately used to link universities and business for joint venture exploration and program development.
(b) Purposes
It is the purpose of this part—
(1) to enhance the broad objective of this chapter by increasing and promoting the Nation’s capacity for international understanding and economic enterprise through the provision of suitable international education and training for business personnel in various stages of professional development; and
(2) to promote institutional and noninstitutional educational and training activities that will contribute to the ability of United States business to prosper in an international economy.
(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 611, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, § 601(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1467; amended Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, § 610, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1519; Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, § 601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 728; Pub. L. 105–244, title VI, § 602(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1783.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Pub. L. 105–244 amended section catchline generally.
1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section generally, inserting subsec. headings and reenacting text without substantial change.
1986—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–498 inserted “and educational” after “skills in the business”.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1992 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1154 (EDUCATION)
§ 1154. Contract authority
The authorization to enter into contracts or other obligations under the Act, as amended by this Act, shall be effective for fiscal year 1981 and any succeeding fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.
(Pub. L. 96–374, title XIII, § 1392, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1504.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Act, as amended by this Act, referred to in text, means the Higher Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended by the Education Amendments of 1980, Pub. L. 96–374, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1367, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1146 of this title.
Section was enacted as part of the Education Amendments of 1980, and not as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.
Section was enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, and not as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 1393(a) of Pub. L. 96–374, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
heading: Contracting Authority Subject To Appropriations
text: Pub. L. 99–498, § 3, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1278, provided that: “The authority to enter into contracts or other obligations under this Act (other than amendments made to part B of title IV of the Act) [see Tables for classification] shall be effective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts.”
20 U.S.C. § 1161l–4 (EDUCATION)
§ 1161l–4. Guidance on mental health disclosures for student safety
(a) Guidance
The Secretary shall continue to provide guidance that clarifies the role of institutions of higher education with respect to the disclosure of education records, including to a parent or legal guardian of a dependent student, in the event that such student demonstrates that the student poses a significant risk of harm to himself or herself or to others, including a significant risk of suicide, homicide, or assault. Such guidance shall further clarify that an institution of higher education that, in good faith, discloses education records or other information in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and section 1232g of this title (commonly known as the “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974”) shall not be liable to any person for that disclosure.
(b) Information to Congress
The Secretary shall provide an update to the authorizing committees on the Secretary’s activities under subsection (a) not later than 180 days after August 14, 2008.
(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, § 825, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, § 801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3412; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title VIII, § 801(8), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1956.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2009—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted “commonly known as the ‘Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974’ ” for “the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974”.
heading: Effective Date of 2009 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1234i (EDUCATION)
§ 1234i. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter:
(1) The term “recipient” means a recipient of a grant or cooperative agreement under an applicable program.
(2) The term “applicable program” excludes programs authorized by the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and assistance programs provided under the Act of September 30, 1950 1 (Public Law 874, 81st Congress), and the Act of September 23, 1950 1 (Public Law 815, 81st Congress).
(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, § 460, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title III, § 3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 357.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§ 1001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.
Act of September 30, 1950 (Public Law 874, 81st Congress), referred to in par. (2), is act Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1124, 64 Stat. 1100, which was classified generally to chapter 13 (§ 236 et seq.) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 331(b), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
Act of September 23, 1950 (Public Law 815, 81st Congress), referred to in par. (2), is act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, as amended generally by act Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, 72 Stat. 548, which was classified generally to chapter 19 (§ 631 et seq.) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 331(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1234 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8531 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8531. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1) Energy sector of Iran
The term “energy sector of Iran” refers to activities to develop petroleum or natural gas resources or nuclear power in Iran.
(2) Financial institution
The term “financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note).
(3) Iran
The term “Iran” includes the Government of Iran and any agency or instrumentality of Iran.
(4) Person
The term “person” means—
(A) a natural person, corporation, company, business association, partnership, society, trust, or any other nongovernmental entity, organization, or group;
(B) any governmental entity or instrumentality of a government, including a multilateral development institution (as defined in section 262r(c)(3) of this title); and
(C) any successor, subunit, parent entity, or subsidiary of, or any entity under common ownership or control with, any entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B).
(5) State
The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
(6) State or local government
The term “State or local government” includes—
(A) any State and any agency or instrumentality thereof;
(B) any local government within a State, and any agency or instrumentality thereof;
(C) any other governmental instrumentality of a State or locality; and
(D) any public institution of higher education within the meaning of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 111–195, title II, § 201, July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1341.)
heading: Termination of Section
text: For termination of section, see section 8551(a) of this title.
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning Pub. L. 111–195, title II, July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1341, which enacted this subchapter, amended section 80a–13 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, enacted provisions set out as notes under section 80a–13 of Title 15, and amended provisions set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables.
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in par. (6)(D), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§ 1001 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.
25 U.S.C. § 309b (INDIANS)
§ 309b. Vocational education funds
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds provided by the Bureau for adult vocational education to any vocational school (as defined for purposes of any program of assistance to students under the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.]) may be treated as non-Federal, private funds of such school for purposes of any provision of Federal law which requires that non-Federal or private funds of such school be used in a project or for a specific purpose.
(Pub. L. 100–297, title V, § 5403(c), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 416.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§ 1001 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.
heading: Effective Date
text: For effective date and applicability of section, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of Title 20, Education.
29 U.S.C. § 2508 (LABOR)
§ 2508. Definitions
For purposes of this chapter:
(1) The term “community-based organization” means a community-based organization as defined in section 4(5) of the Job Training Partnership Act (29 U.S.C. 1501(5)),1 that has demonstrated experience administering programs that train women for apprenticeable occupations or other nontraditional occupations.
(2) The term “nontraditional occupation” means jobs in which women make up 25 percent or less of the total number of workers in that occupation.
(3) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Labor.
(Pub. L. 102–530, § 9, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3468.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 4(5) of the Job Training Partnership Act (29 U.S.C. 1501(5)), referred to in par. (1), was classified to section 1503(5) of this title and was repealed by Pub. L. 105–220, title I, § 199(b)(2), (c)(2)(B), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, effective July 1, 2000. Pursuant to former section 2940(b) of this title, references to a provision of the Job Training Partnership Act, effective Aug. 7, 1998, were deemed to refer to that provision or the corresponding provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, and, effective July 1, 2000, were deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §§ 506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. Pursuant to section 3361(a) of this title, references to a provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 are deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classification of the Job Training Partnership Act and the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 to the Code, see Tables. For complete classification of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 2000d–7 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 2000d–7. Civil rights remedies equalization
(a) General provision
(1) A State shall not be immune under the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of the United States from suit in Federal court for a violation of section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 794], title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.], the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 [42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.], title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.], or the provisions of any other Federal statute prohibiting discrimination by recipients of Federal financial assistance.
(2) In a suit against a State for a violation of a statute referred to in paragraph (1), remedies (including remedies both at law and in equity) are available for such a violation to the same extent as such remedies are available for such a violation in the suit against any public or private entity other than a State.
(b) Effective date
The provisions of subsection (a) shall take effect with respect to violations that occur in whole or in part after October 21, 1986.
(Pub. L. 99–506, title X, § 1003, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1845.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Education Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235, as amended. Title IX of the Act, known as the Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, is classified principally to chapter 38 (§ 1681 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of Title 20 and Tables.
The Age Discrimination Act of 1975, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is title III of Pub. L. 94–135, Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 728, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 76 (§ 6101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6101 of this title and Tables.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, as amended. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is classified generally to this subchapter (§ 2000d et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986, and not as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, title VI of which comprises this subchapter.
42 U.S.C. § 2000e–16b (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 2000e–16b. Discriminatory practices prohibited
(a) Practices
All personnel actions affecting the Presidential appointees described in section 1219 1 of title 2 or the State employees described in section 2000e–16c of this title shall be made free from any discrimination based on—
(1) race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, within the meaning of section 2000e–16 of this title;
(2) age, within the meaning of section 633a of title 29; or
(3) disability, within the meaning of section 791 of title 29 and sections 12112 to 12114 of this title.
(b) Remedies
The remedies referred to in sections 1219(a)(1) 1 of title 2 and 2000e–16c(a) of this title—
(1) may include, in the case of a determination that a violation of subsection (a)(1) or (a)(3) has occurred, such remedies as would be appropriate if awarded under sections 2000e–5(g), 2000e–5(k), and 2000e–16(d) of this title, and such compensatory damages as would be appropriate if awarded under section 1981 or sections 1981a(a) and 1981a(b)(2) of this title;
(2) may include, in the case of a determination that a violation of subsection (a)(2) has occurred, such remedies as would be appropriate if awarded under section 633a(c) of title 29; and
(3) may not include punitive damages.
(Pub. L. 102–166, title III, § 302, Nov. 21, 1991, 105 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 104–1, title V, § 504(a)(1), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 40.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1219 of title 2, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–331, § 5(a), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4072.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1202 of Title 2, The Congress.
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 104–1 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “All personnel actions affecting employees of the Senate shall be made free from any discrimination based on—
“(1) race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, within the meaning of section 2000e–16 of this title;
“(2) age, within the meaning of section 633a of title 29; or
“(3) handicap or disability, within the meaning of section 791 of title 29 and sections 12112 to 12114 of this title.”
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Nov. 21, 1991, except as otherwise provided, see section 402 of Pub. L. 102–166, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 1981 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 2000aa–6 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 2000aa–6. Civil actions by aggrieved persons
(a) Right of action
A person aggrieved by a search for or seizure of materials in violation of this chapter shall have a civil cause of action for damages for such search or seizure—
(1) against the United States, against a State which has waived its sovereign immunity under the Constitution to a claim for damages resulting from a violation of this chapter, or against any other governmental unit, all of which shall be liable for violations of this chapter by their officers or employees while acting within the scope or under color of their office or employment; and
(2) against an officer or employee of a State who has violated this chapter while acting within the scope or under color of his office or employment, if such State has not waived its sovereign immunity as provided in paragraph (1).
(b) Good faith defense
It shall be a complete defense to a civil action brought under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) that the officer or employee had a reasonable good faith belief in the lawfulness of his conduct.
(c) Official immunity
The United States, a State, or any other governmental unit liable for violations of this chapter under subsection (a)(1), may not assert as a defense to a claim arising under this chapter the immunity of the officer or employee whose violation is complained of or his reasonable good faith belief in the lawfulness of his conduct, except that such a defense may be asserted if the violation complained of is that of a judicial officer.
(d) Exclusive nature of remedy
The remedy provided by subsection (a)(1) against the United States, a State, or any other governmental unit is exclusive of any other civil action or proceeding for conduct constituting a violation of this chapter, against the officer or employee whose violation gave rise to the claim, or against the estate of such officer or employee.
(e) Admissibility of evidence
Evidence otherwise admissible in a proceeding shall not be excluded on the basis of a violation of this chapter.
(f) Damages; costs and attorneys’ fees
A person having a cause of action under this section shall be entitled to recover actual damages but not less than liquidated damages of $1,000, and such reasonable attorneys’ fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred as the court, in its discretion, may award: Provided, however, That the United States, a State, or any other governmental unit shall not be liable for interest prior to judgment.
(g) Attorney General; claims settlement; regulations
The Attorney General may settle a claim for damages brought against the United States under this section, and shall promulgate regulations to provide for the commencement of an administrative inquiry following a determination of a violation of this chapter by an officer or employee of the United States and for the imposition of administrative sanctions against such officer or employee, if warranted.
(h) Jurisdiction
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under this section.
(Pub. L. 96–440, title I, § 106, Oct. 13, 1980, 94 Stat. 1880.)