dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
50 U.S.C. § 2791 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2791. Laboratory-directed research and development programs
(a) Authority
Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratories that are funded out of funds available to the Department of Energy for national security programs are authorized to carry out laboratory-directed research and development.
(b) Regulations
The Secretary of Energy shall prescribe regulations for the conduct of laboratory-directed research and development at such laboratories.
(c) Funding
Of the funds provided by the Department of Energy to a national security laboratory for national security activities, the Secretary shall provide a specific amount, of not less than 5 percent and not more than 7 percent of such funds, to be used by the laboratory for laboratory-directed research and development.
(d) “Laboratory-directed research and development” defined
For purposes of this section, the term “laboratory-directed research and development” means research and development work of a creative and innovative nature which, under the regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection (b), is selected by the director of a laboratory for the purpose of maintaining the vitality of the laboratory in defense-related scientific disciplines.
(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLVIII, § 4811, formerly Pub. L. 101–510, div. C, title XXXI, § 3132, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1832; renumbered Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLVIII, § 4811, and amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(k)(6), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1784; Pub. L. 114–92, div. C, title XXXI, § 3115(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1193.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 7257a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 108–136.
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–92 substituted “to a national security laboratory” for “to such laboratories”, “of not less than 5 percent and not more than 7 percent” for “not to exceed 6 percent”, and “by the laboratory” for “by such laboratories”.
2003—Pub. L. 108–136, § 3141(k)(6)(D), made technical amendment to section catchline.
50 U.S.C. § 4704 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 4704. United States as entitled to all benefits of exemption and limitation of liability accorded to owners of vessels
The United States shall, with respect to vessels owned by or chartered to the War Shipping Administrator 1 under bareboat charter or time charter or operated directly by such Administrator or for his account, be entitled to the benefits of all exemptions and of all limitations of liability accorded by law to the owners of vessels. With respect to any such vessel, the term “the United States” shall include agents or other persons acting for or on behalf of the Administrator in connection with the operation thereof.
(Mar. 24, 1943, ch. 26, § 4, 57 Stat. 51.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1294 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: War Shipping Administration terminated as of Sept. 1, 1946, and functions, powers, duties, etc., transferred to United States Maritime Commission for period Sept. 1, 1946, to Dec. 31, 1946, for purpose of liquidating Administration, by act July 8, 1946, ch. 543, title II, § 202, 60 Stat. 501.
United States Maritime Commission abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 21, 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1273, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred part of its functions and part of functions of its Chairman to Federal Maritime Board and Chairman thereof, that Board having been created by that Plan as an agency within Department of Commerce with an independent status in some respects, and transferred remainder of Commission’s functions and functions of its Chairman to Secretary of Commerce, with power vested in Secretary to authorize their performance by Maritime Administrator, the head of Maritime Administration, which likewise was established by the Plan in Department of Commerce with provision that Chairman of Federal Maritime Board should, ex officio, be that Administrator.
Federal Maritime Board, including offices of members of Board, abolished by section 304 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961, eff. Aug. 12, 1961, 26 F.R. 7315, 75 Stat. 843, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Functions of Board transferred either to Federal Maritime Commission or to Secretary of Commerce by sections 103 and 202 of Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961.
Maritime Administration transferred from Department of Commerce to Department of Transportation by Maritime Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–31, Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 151, which was repealed in part by Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710. See section 109 of Title 49, Transportation.
heading: Vessel Operations Under Revolving Fund
text: Vessel operations conducted under Vessel Operations Revolving Fund, applicability of this section to, see section 50301(a) to (e) of Title 46, Shipping.
19 U.S.C. § 2152 (CUSTOMS DUTIES)
§ 2152. Advice from executive departments and other sources
Before any trade agreement is entered into under section 2133 of this title or section 4202 of this title, the President shall seek information and advice with respect to such agreement from the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Interior, Labor, State and the Treasury, from the United States Trade Representative, and from such other sources as he may deem appropriate. Such advice shall be prepared and presented consistent with the provisions of Reorganization Plan Number 3 of 1979, Executive Order Number 12188 and section 2171(c) of this title.
(Pub. L. 93–618, title I, § 132, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1995; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, § 1111(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 107–210, div. B, title XXI, § 2110(a)(3), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1020; Pub. L. 114–26, title I, § 110(a)(2), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 357.)
heading: References in Text
text: Reorganization Plan Number 3 of 1979, referred to in text, is set out as a note under section 2171 of this title.
Executive Order Number 12188, referred to in text, is set out as a note under section 2171 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Pub. L. 114–26 substituted “section 4202 of this title” for “section 3803 of this title”.
2002—Pub. L. 107–210 substituted “section 3803 of this title,” for “section 2902 of this title,”.
1988—Pub. L. 100–418 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Before any trade agreement is entered into under part 1 of this subchapter or section 2133 or 2134 of this title, the President shall seek information and advice with respect to such agreement from the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Interior, Labor, State and the Treasury, from the United States Trade Representative, and from such other sources as he may deem appropriate.”
heading: Delegation of Authority
text: For delegation of functions of President under div. B of Pub. L. 107–210, amending this section, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13277, Nov. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 70305, set out as a note under section 3801 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 3438 (CUSTOMS DUTIES)
§ 3438. Treatment of amendments to antidumping and countervailing duty law
Any amendment enacted after the Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States that is made to—
(1) section 303 1 or title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.], or any successor statute, or
(2) any other statute which—
(A) provides for judicial review of final determinations under such section, title, or successor statute, or
(B) indicates the standard of review to be applied,
shall apply to goods from a NAFTA country only to the extent specified in the amendment.
(Pub. L. 103–182, title IV, § 408, Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2140.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in par. (1), is act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590, as amended. Title VII of the Act is classified generally to subtitle IV (§ 1671 et seq.) of chapter 4 of this title. Section 303 of the Act was classified to section 1303 of this title and was repealed, effective Jan. 1, 1995, by Pub. L. 103–465, title II, § 261(a), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4908. For savings provisions and treatment of references to section 1303 in other laws, see section 261(b), (d)(1)(C) of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as notes under section 1303 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1654 of this title and Tables.
heading: Application of Amendments by Public Law 114–27 to Goods From Canada and Mexico
text: Pub. L. 114–27, title V, § 507, June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 387, provided that: “Pursuant to article 1902 of the North American Free Trade Agreement and section 408 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 3438), the amendments made by this title [see Short Title of 2015 Amendment note set out under section 1654 of this title] shall apply with respect to goods from Canada and Mexico.”
heading: Application of Amendments by Public Law 103–465 to Goods From Canada and Mexico
text: Pub. L. 103–465, title II, § 234, Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4901, provided that: “Pursuant to article 1902 of the North American Free Trade Agreement and section 408 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act [19 U.S.C. 3438], the amendments made by this title [see Tables for classification] shall apply with respect to goods from Canada and Mexico.”
heading: North American Free Trade Agreement: Entry Into Force
text: The North American Free Trade Agreement entered into force on Jan. 1, 1994, see note set out under section 3311 of this title.
18 U.S.C. § 832 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 832. Participation in nuclear and weapons of mass destruction threats to the United States
(a) Whoever, within the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, willfully participates in or knowingly provides material support or resources (as defined in section 2339A) to a nuclear weapons program or other weapons of mass destruction program of a foreign terrorist power, or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be imprisoned for not more than 20 years.
(b) There is extraterritorial Federal jurisdiction over an offense under this section.
(c) Whoever without lawful authority develops, possesses, or attempts or conspires to develop or possess a radiological weapon, or threatens to use or uses a radiological weapon against any person within the United States, or a national of the United States while such national is outside of the United States or against any property that is owned, leased, funded, or used by the United States, whether that property is within or outside of the United States, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life.
(d) As used in this section—
(1) “nuclear weapons program” means a program or plan for the development, acquisition, or production of any nuclear weapon or weapons;
(2) “weapons of mass destruction program” means a program or plan for the development, acquisition, or production of any weapon or weapons of mass destruction (as defined in section 2332a(c));
(3) “foreign terrorist power” means a terrorist organization designated under section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, or a state sponsor of terrorism designated under section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 or section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961; and
(4) “nuclear weapon” means any weapon that contains or uses nuclear material as defined in section 831(f)(1).1
(Added Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6803(c)(2), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3768.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is classified to section 1189 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is classified to section 4605(j) of Title 50, War and National Defense.
Section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is classified to section 2371 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
Section 831(f)(1), referred to in subsec. (d)(4), was redesignated section 831(g)(1) by Pub. L. 114–23, title VIII, § 812(d), June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 312.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 832, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 738; Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–710, 74 Stat. 809, related to transportation of explosives, radioactive materials, etiologic agents, and other dangerous articles, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–129, title II, § 216(b), Nov. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 1015.
18 U.S.C. § 1835 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1835. Orders to preserve confidentiality
(a) In General.—
In any prosecution or other proceeding under this chapter, the court shall enter such orders and take such other action as may be necessary and appropriate to preserve the confidentiality of trade secrets, consistent with the requirements of the Federal Rules of Criminal and Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Evidence, and all other applicable laws. An interlocutory appeal by the United States shall lie from a decision or order of a district court authorizing or directing the disclosure of any trade secret.
(b) Rights of Trade Secret Owners.—
The court may not authorize or direct the disclosure of any information the owner asserts to be a trade secret unless the court allows the owner the opportunity to file a submission under seal that describes the interest of the owner in keeping the information confidential. No submission under seal made under this subsection may be used in a prosecution under this chapter for any purpose other than those set forth in this section, or otherwise required by law. The provision of information relating to a trade secret to the United States or the court in connection with a prosecution under this chapter shall not constitute a waiver of trade secret protection, and the disclosure of information relating to a trade secret in connection with a prosecution under this chapter shall not constitute a waiver of trade secret protection unless the trade secret owner expressly consents to such waiver.
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3490; amended Pub. L. 114–153, § 3(a)(2), May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 382.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
The Federal Rules of Evidence, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28.
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Pub. L. 114–153 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
18 U.S.C. § 1838 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 1838. Construction with other laws
Except as provided in section 1833(b), this chapter shall not be construed to preempt or displace any other remedies, whether civil or criminal, provided by United States Federal, State, commonwealth, possession, or territory law for the misappropriation of a trade secret, or to affect the otherwise lawful disclosure of information by any Government employee under section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act).
(Added Pub. L. 104–294, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3490; amended Pub. L. 114–153, § 7(b), May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 385.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2016—Pub. L. 114–153 substituted “Except as provided in section 1833(b), this chapter” for “This chapter”.
18 U.S.C. § 2283 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2283. Transportation of explosive, biological, chemical, or radioactive or nuclear materials
(a) In General.—
Whoever knowingly transports aboard any vessel within the United States and on waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or any vessel outside the United States and on the high seas or having United States nationality an explosive or incendiary device, biological agent, chemical weapon, or radioactive or nuclear material, knowing that any such item is intended to be used to commit an offense listed under section 2332b(g)(5)(B), shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both.
(b) Causing Death.—
Any person who causes the death of a person by engaging in conduct prohibited by subsection (a) may be punished by death.
(c) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) Biological agent.—
The term “biological agent” means any biological agent, toxin, or vector (as those terms are defined in section 178).
(2) By-product material.—
The term “by-product material” has the meaning given that term in section 11(e) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(e)).
(3) Chemical weapon.—
The term “chemical weapon” has the meaning given that term in section 229F(1).
(4) Explosive or incendiary device.—
The term “explosive or incendiary device” has the meaning given the term in section 232(5) and includes explosive materials, as that term is defined in section 841(c) and explosive as defined in section 844(j).
(5) Nuclear material.—
The term “nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 831(f)(1).1
(6) Radioactive material.—
The term “radioactive material” means—
(A) source material and special nuclear material, but does not include natural or depleted uranium;
(B) nuclear by-product material;
(C) material made radioactive by bombardment in an accelerator; or
(D) all refined isotopes of radium.
(8) 2 Source material.—
The term “source material” has the meaning given that term in section 11(z) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(z)).
(9) Special nuclear material.—
The term “special nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 11(aa) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(aa)).
(Added Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 305(a), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 236.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 831(f)(1), referred to in subsec. (c)(5), was redesignated section 831(g)(1) by Pub. L. 114–23, title VIII, § 812(d), June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 312.
18 U.S.C. § 2421 (CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2421. Transportation generally
(a) In General.—
Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
(b) Requests To Prosecute Violations by State Attorneys General.—
(1) In general.—
The Attorney General shall grant a request by a State attorney general that a State or local attorney be cross designated to prosecute a violation of this section unless the Attorney General determines that granting the request would undermine the administration of justice.
(2) Reason for denial.—
If the Attorney General denies a request under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall submit to the State attorney general a detailed reason for the denial not later than 60 days after the date on which a request is received.
(Added Pub. L. 114–22, title III, § 303, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 255.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2421, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 812; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 47, 63 Stat. 96; Pub. L. 99–628, § 5(b)(1), Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3511; Pub. L. 105–314, title I, § 106, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2977, related to transportation of individuals generally, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–22, title III, § 303, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 255.
28 U.S.C. § 2642 (JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE)
§ 2642. Analysis of imported merchandise
The Court of International Trade may order an analysis of imported merchandise and reports thereon by laboratories or agencies of the United States or laboratories accredited by the Customs Service under section 499(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930.
(Added Pub. L. 96–417, title III, § 301, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1737; amended Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, § 684(a)(5), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2219.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 499(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in text, is classified to section 1499(b) of Title 19, Customs Duties.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2642, act May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 123, 63 Stat. 106, authorized the Customs Court under its rules and in its discretion to permit the amendment of protests, appeals and pleadings, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–271, title I, § 121, June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 281. See section 2633(b) of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 1993—Pub. L. 103–182 inserted before period at end “or laboratories accredited by the Customs Service under section 499(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930”.
heading: Application of 1993 Amendment
text: For purposes of applying amendment by Pub. L. 103–182, any decision or order of Customs Service denying, suspending, or revoking accreditation of a private laboratory on or after Dec. 8, 1993, and before regulations to implement 19 U.S.C. 1499(b) are issued to be treated as having been denied, suspended, or revoked under such section 1499(b), see section 684(b) of Pub. L. 103–182, set out as a note under section 1581 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.
2 U.S.C. § 1881 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 1881. Definitions
In this subchapter—
(1) the term “Capitol-flown flag” means a flag of the United States flown over the Capitol in honor of the deceased individual for whom the flag is requested;
(2) the terms “chaplain”, “firefighter”, “law enforcement officer”, “member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew”, and “public agency” have the meanings given such terms in section 3796b of this title;
(3) the term “immediate family member”, with respect to an individual, means—
(A) the spouse, parent, brother, sister, or child of the individual or a person to whom the individual stands in loco parentis; or
(B) any other person related to the individual by blood or marriage;
(4) the term “public safety officer” means an individual serving a public agency in an official capacity, with or without compensation, as a law enforcement officer, as a firefighter, or as a chaplain; and
(5) the term “Representative” includes a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress.
(Pub. L. 114–156, § 2, May 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 391.)
2 U.S.C. § 1881a (THE CONGRESS)
§ 1881a. Providing Capitol-flown flags for families of fallen heroes
(a) In general
At the request of an immediate family member of a firefighter, law enforcement officer, member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew, or public safety officer who died in the line of duty, the Representative or Senator of the family may provide to the family a Capitol-flown flag, together with the certificate described in subsection (c).
(b) No cost to family
A Capitol-flown flag provided under this section shall be provided at no cost to the family.
(c) Certificate
The certificate described in this subsection is a certificate which is signed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Representative, or the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Senator, providing the Capitol-flown flag, as applicable, and which contains an expression of sympathy for the family involved from the House of Representatives or the Senate, as applicable.
(Pub. L. 114–156, § 3, May 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 391.)