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50 U.S.C. § 1846 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1846. Congressional oversight
(a) On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General shall fully inform the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, concerning all uses of pen registers and trap and trace devices pursuant to this subchapter.
(b) On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General shall also provide to the committees referred to in subsection (a) of this section and to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate a report setting forth with respect to the preceding 6-month period—
(1) the total number of applications made for orders approving the use of pen registers or trap and trace devices under this subchapter;
(2) the total number of such orders either granted, modified, or denied;
(3) the total number of pen registers and trap and trace devices whose installation and use was authorized by the Attorney General on an emergency basis under section 1843 of this title, and the total number of subsequent orders approving or denying the installation and use of such pen registers and trap and trace devices;
(4) each department or agency on behalf of which the Attorney General or a designated attorney for the Government has made an application for an order authorizing or approving the installation and use of a pen register or trap and trace device under this subchapter; and
(5) for each department or agency described in paragraph (4), each number described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3).
(Pub. L. 95–511, title IV, § 406, as added Pub. L. 105–272, title VI, § 601(2), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2410; amended Pub. L. 109–177, title I, §§ 109(b), 128(b), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 204, 229; Pub. L. 114–23, title VI, § 605(c), June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 298.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 114–23 added pars. (4) and (5).
2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–177, § 128(b), inserted “, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate,” after “Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate”.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–177, § 109(b), added par. (3).
50 U.S.C. § 1863 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1863. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–56, title II, § 215, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 287
heading: Revival of Section
text: Pub. L. 109–177, title I, § 102(b), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 195, as amended by Pub. L. 111–118, div. B, § 1004(a), Dec. 19, 2009, 123 Stat. 3470; Pub. L. 111–141, § 1(a), Feb. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 37; Pub. L. 112–3, § 2(a), Feb. 25, 2011, 125 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 112–14, § 2(a), May 26, 2011, 125 Stat. 216; Pub. L. 114–23, title VII, § 705(a), (c), June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 300, provided that, effective Dec. 15, 2019, with certain exceptions, this section is amended to read as it read on Oct. 25, 2001:
§ 1863. Congressional oversight
(a) On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General shall fully inform the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate concerning all requests for records under this subchapter.
(b) On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General shall provide to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate a report setting forth with respect to the preceding 6-month period—
(1) the total number of applications made for orders approving requests for records under this subchapter; and
(2) the total number of such orders either granted, modified, or denied.
Section, Pub. L. 95–511, title V, § 503, as added Pub. L. 105–272, title VI, § 602, Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2412, related to congressional oversight. See section 1862 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of Revival
text: Revival of section by section 102(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–177 effective Dec. 15, 2019, except that former provisions to continue in effect with respect to any particular foreign intelligence investigation that began before Dec. 15, 2019, or with respect to any particular offense or potential offense that began or occurred before Dec. 15, 2019, see section 102(b) of Pub. L. 109–177, set out as an Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note under section 1805 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 1872 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1872. Declassification of significant decisions, orders, and opinions
(a) Declassification required
Subject to subsection (b), the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall conduct a declassification review of each decision, order, or opinion issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (as defined in section 1871(e) of this title) that includes a significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law, including any novel or significant construction or interpretation of the term “specific selection term”, and, consistent with that review, make publicly available to the greatest extent practicable each such decision, order, or opinion.
(b) Redacted form
The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, may satisfy the requirement under subsection (a) to make a decision, order, or opinion described in such subsection publicly available to the greatest extent practicable by making such decision, order, or opinion publicly available in redacted form.
(c) National security waiver
The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, may waive the requirement to declassify and make publicly available a particular decision, order, or opinion under subsection (a), if—
(1) the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Attorney General, determines that a waiver of such requirement is necessary to protect the national security of the United States or properly classified intelligence sources or methods; and
(2) the Director of National Intelligence makes publicly available an unclassified statement prepared by the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence—
(A) summarizing the significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law, which shall include, to the extent consistent with national security, a description of the context in which the matter arises and any significant construction or interpretation of any statute, constitutional provision, or other legal authority relied on by the decision; and
(B) that specifies that the statement has been prepared by the Attorney General and constitutes no part of the opinion of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.
(Pub. L. 95–511, title VI, § 602, as added Pub. L. 114–23, title IV, § 402(a)(2), June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 281.)
50 U.S.C. § 2013 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2013. Participants in CIARDS system
(a) Designation of participants
The Director may from time to time designate employees of the Agency who shall be entitled to participate in the system. Employees so designated who elect to participate in the system are referred to in this chapter as “participants”.
(b) Qualifying service
Designation of employees under this section may be made only from among employees of the Agency who have completed at least 5 years of qualifying service. For purposes of this chapter, qualifying service is service performed by an Agency employee in carrying out duties that are determined by the Director—
(1) to be in support of intelligence activities abroad hazardous to life or health; or
(2) to be so specialized because of security requirements as to be clearly distinguishable from normal government employment.
(c) Election of employee to be participant
(1) Permanence of election
An employee of the Agency who elects to accept designation as a participant in the system shall remain a participant of the system for the duration of that individual’s employment with the Agency.
(2) Irrevocability of election
Such an election shall be irrevocable except as and to the extent provided in section 2151(d) of this title.
(3) Election not subject to approval
An election under this section is not subject to review or approval by the Director.
(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3202; amended Pub. L. 113–126, title II, § 202(a), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1394.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 203 of Pub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1044; Pub. L. 102–88, title III, § 303, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 431, related to participants in the system and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.
heading: Amendments
text: 2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–126, § 202(a)(1), substituted “service performed by an Agency employee” for “service in the Agency performed” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–126, § 202(a)(2), substituted “intelligence activities” for “Agency activities”.
heading: Application of 2014 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 113–126, title II, § 202(b), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1394, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be applied to retired or deceased officers of the Central Intelligence Agency who were designated at any time under section 203 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2013) prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [July 7, 2014].”
50 U.S.C. § 2791b (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2791b. Charges to individual program, project, or activity
Of the funds authorized by the Secretary of Energy for laboratory directed research and development, no individual program, project, or activity funded by this or any subsequent Act making appropriations for Energy and Water Development for any fiscal year may be charged more than the statutory maximum authorized for such activities: Provided, That this section shall take effect not earlier than October 1, 2015.
(Pub. L. 113–235, div. D, title III, § 311, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2326.)
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, is div. D of Pub. L. 113–235, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2303, known as the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015, and also as part of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, and not as part of the Atomic Energy Defense Act which comprises this chapter.
50 U.S.C. § 2902 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2902. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) The terms “prevention of weapons of mass destruction proliferation and terrorism” and “prevention of WMD proliferation and terrorism” include activities under—
(A) the programs specified in section 1501(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (Public Law 104–201; 110 Stat. 2731; 50 U.S.C. 2362 note); 1
(B) the programs for which appropriations are authorized by section 3101(a)(2) of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 116 Stat. 2729);
(C) programs authorized by section 5854 of title 22 and programs authorized by section 5902 of title 22; and
(D) a program of any agency of the Federal Government having a purpose similar to that of any of the programs identified in subparagraphs (A) through (C), as designated by the United States Coordinator for the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism and the head of the agency.
(2) The terms “weapons of mass destruction” and “WMD” mean chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, and chemical, biological, and nuclear materials used in the manufacture of such weapons.
(3) The term “items of proliferation concern” means—
(A) equipment, materials, or technology listed in—
(i) the Trigger List of the Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers of the Nuclear Suppliers Group;
(ii) the Annex of the Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Materials, Software, and Related Technology of the Nuclear Suppliers Group; or
(iii) any of the Common Control Lists of the Australia Group; and
(B) any other sensitive items.
(Pub. L. 110–53, title XVIII, § 1802, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 491.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title XVIII of Pub. L. 110–53, which enacted this chapter, amended section 3021 of this title and sections 5952 and 5963 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and amended provisions set out as notes under sections 2551 and 5952 of Title 22. For complete classification of title XVIII to the Code, see Tables.
Section 1501(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997, referred to in par. (1)(A), is section 1501(b) of Pub. L. 104–201, which was set out as a note under section 2362 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1351(5), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3607.
Section 3101(a)(2) of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314), referred to in par. (1)(B), is not classified to the Code.
50 U.S.C. § 3034a (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 3034a. Functional Managers for the intelligence community
(a) Functional Managers authorized
The Director of National Intelligence may establish within the intelligence community one or more positions of manager of an intelligence function. Any position so established may be known as the “Functional Manager” of the intelligence function concerned.
(b) Personnel
The Director shall designate individuals to serve as manager of intelligence functions established under subsection (a) from among officers and employees of elements of the intelligence community.
(c) Duties
Each manager of an intelligence function established under subsection (a) shall have the duties as follows:
(1) To act as principal advisor to the Director on the intelligence function.
(2) To carry out such other responsibilities with respect to the intelligence function as the Director may specify for purposes of this section.
(July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title I, § 103J, as added Pub. L. 113–126, title III, § 305(a), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1395.)
50 U.S.C. § 3734 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 3734. Limitation on availability of funds for Cooperative Threat Reduction activities with Russian Federation
(a) Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the United States should carry out activities under the Program in the Russian Federation only if those activities are consistent with and in support of the security interests of the United States; and
(2) in carrying out any such activities after December 19, 2014, the Secretary of Defense should focus on only those activities that—
(A) are in support of the arms control obligations of the United States and the Russian Federation; or
(B) will reduce the threats posed by weapons of mass destruction and related materials and technology to the United States and countries in the Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian regions.
(b) Completion of Cooperation Threat Reduction activities in Russian Federation
Cooperative Threat Reduction funds made available for a fiscal year after fiscal year 2015 may not be obligated or expended for activities in the Russian Federation unless such activities in Russia are specifically authorized by law.
(Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1334, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3603.)
7 U.S.C. § 1310 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1310. American agriculture protection program
(a) Determination of short supply; suspension of commercial export sales; parity price
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President or any other member of the executive branch of the Federal Government causes to be suspended, based upon a determination of short supply, the commercial export sales of any commodity, as defined in subsection (c) of this section, to any country or area with which the United States otherwise continues commercial trade, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, on the day the suspension is initiated, set the loan level for such commodity under the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], if a loan program is in effect for the commodity, at 90 per centum of the parity price for the commodity, as such parity price is determined on the day the suspension is initiated.
(b) Duration of loan level
Any loan level established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall remain in effect as long as the suspension of commercial export sales described in subsection (a) remains in effect.
(c) “Commodity” defined
For purposes of this section, the term “commodity” shall include any of the following: wheat, corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, oats, rye, barley, rice, flaxseed, and cotton.
(Pub. L. 95–113, title X, § 1002, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§ 1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2219a (AGRICULTURE)
§ 2219a. Overtime and holiday pay
(a) In general
The Secretary of Agriculture may—
(1) pay employees of the Department of Agriculture employed in an establishment subject to the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) or the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.) for all overtime and holiday work performed at the establishment at rates determined by the Secretary, subject to applicable law relating to minimum wages and maximum hours; and
(2) accept from the establishment reimbursement for any sums paid by the Secretary for the overtime and holiday work, at rates determined under paragraph (1).
(b) Availability
Sums received by the Secretary under this section shall remain available until expended without further appropriation and without fiscal year limitation, to carry out subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10703(a), (b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 517.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Meat Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is titles I to V of act Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, as added Pub. L. 90–201, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 584, and Pub. L. 110–246, title XI, § 11015(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 2124, which are classified generally to subchapters I to IV–A (§ 601 et seq.) of chapter 12 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 601 of Title 21 and Tables.
The Poultry Products Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 85–172, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 441, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 10 (§ 451 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 451 of Title 21 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 3222b–2 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 3222b–2. Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities and equipment and support tropical and subtropical agricultural research at insular area land-grant colleges and universities
(a) Purpose
It is the intent of Congress to assist the land-grant colleges and universities in the insular areas in efforts to—
(1) acquire, alter, or repair facilities or relevant equipment necessary for conducting agricultural research; and
(2) support tropical and subtropical agricultural research, including pest and disease research.
(b) Method of awarding grants
Grants awarded pursuant to this section shall be made in such amounts and under such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
(c) Regulations
The Secretary may promulgate such rules and regulations as the Secretary considers to be necessary to carry out this section.
(d) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2018.
(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1447B, as added Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, § 7125, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1223, and Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, § 7125, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1984; amended Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, § 7113, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 874.)
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Effective Date
text: Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2014—Pub. L. 113–79, § 7113(a)(2), inserted “and support tropical and subtropical agricultural research” after “equipment” and substituted “colleges and universities” for “institutions” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7113(a)(1), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “It is the intent of Congress to assist the land-grant institutions in the insular areas in efforts to acquire, alter, or repair facilities or relevant equipment necessary for conducting agricultural research.”
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7113(b), substituted “2018” for “2012”.
7 U.S.C. § 3333 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 3333. Rangeland research grants
The Secretary may make grants to—
(1) land-grant colleges and universities, State agricultural experiment stations, and colleges, universities, and Federal laboratories having a demonstrable capacity in rangeland research, as determined by the Secretary, to carry out rangeland research; and
(2) the Joe Skeen Institute for Rangeland Restoration for the purposes of facilitating and expanding ongoing State-Federal range management, animal husbandry, and agricultural research, education, and extension programs to meet the targeted, emerging, and future needs of western United States rangelands and associated natural resources.
(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1480, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, § 1440(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1319; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7209(d), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, § 7128(b)(1)(C), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 878.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2014—Pub. L. 113–79 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading and subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) related to matching requirements.
2002—Pub. L. 107–171 inserted section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary may make grants to land-grant colleges and universities, State agricultural experiment stations, and to colleges, universities, and Federal laboratories having a demonstrable capacity in rangeland research, as determined by the Secretary, to carry out rangeland research. Except in the case of Federal laboratories, this grant program shall be based on a matching formula of 50 per centum Federal and 50 per centum non-Federal funding.”