dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
52 U.S.C. § 10309 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10309. Termination of assignment of observers
(a) In general
The assignment of observers shall terminate in any political subdivision of any State—
(1) with respect to observers appointed pursuant to section 10305 of this title or with respect to examiners certified under chapters 103 to 107 of this title before July 27, 2006, whenever the Attorney General notifies the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or whenever the District Court for the District of Columbia determines in an action for declaratory judgment brought by any political subdivision described in subsection (b), that there is no longer reasonable cause to believe that persons will be deprived of or denied the right to vote on account of race or color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in section 10303(f)(2) of this title in such subdivision; and
(2) with respect to observers appointed pursuant to section 10302(a) of this title, upon order of the authorizing court.
(b) Political subdivision with majority of nonwhite persons registered
A political subdivision referred to in subsection (a)(1) is one with respect to which the Director of the Census has determined that more than 50 per centum of the nonwhite persons of voting age residing therein are registered to vote.
(c) Petition for termination
A political subdivision may petition the Attorney General for a termination under subsection (a)(1).
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 13, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 444; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title II, § 206, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(b), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 579; Pub. L. 110–258, § 2, July 1, 2008, 122 Stat. 2428.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973k of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers referenced in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections prior to their editorial reclassification to this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–258 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to July 27, 2006.
2006—Pub. L. 109–246 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to termination of listing procedures, basis for termination, and survey or census by the Director of the Census.
1975—Pub. L. 94–73 substituted “on account of race or color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in section 1973b(f)(2) of this title” for “on account of race or color”.
52 U.S.C. § 10311 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10311. Impairment of voting rights of persons holding current registration
Nothing in chapters 103 to 107 of this title shall be construed to deny, impair, or otherwise adversely affect the right to vote of any person registered to vote under the law of any State or political subdivision.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 17, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 446; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973n of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 10312 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10312. Authorization of appropriations
There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out the provisions of chapters 103 to 107 of this title.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 18, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 446; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973o of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 10313 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10313. Separability
If any provision of chapters 103 to 107 of this title or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of chapters 103 to 107 of this title and the application of the provision to other persons not similarly situated or to other circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 19, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 446; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973p of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 10314 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10314. Construction
A reference in this chapter to the effective date of the amendments made by, or the date of the enactment of, the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, César E. Chávez, Barbara C. Jordan, William C. Velásquez, and Dr. Hector P. Garcia Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006 shall be considered to refer to, respectively, the effective date of the amendments made by, or the date of the enactment of, the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 20, as added Pub. L. 110–258, § 3, July 1, 2008, 122 Stat. 2428.)
heading: References in Text
text: The effective date of the amendments made by, or the date of the enactment of, the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–246, which was approved July 27, 2006.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973q of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 10501 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10501. Application of prohibition to other States; “test or device” defined
(a) No citizen shall be denied, because of his failure to comply with any test or device, the right to vote in any Federal, State, or local election conducted in any State or political subdivision of a State.
(b) As used in this section, the term “test or device” means any requirement that a person as a prerequisite for voting or registration for voting (1) demonstrate the ability to read, write, understand, or interpret any matter, (2) demonstrate any educational achievement or his knowledge of any particular subject, (3) possess good moral character, or (4) prove his qualifications by the voucher of registered voters or members of any other class.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 201, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 315; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title I, § 102, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 400.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973aa of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers referenced in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections prior to their editorial reclassification to this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–73 struck out “Prior to August 6, 1975,” and “as to which the provisions of section 1973b(a) of this title are not in effect by reason of determinations made under section 1973b(b) of this title”.
52 U.S.C. § 10504 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10504. Judicial relief; civil actions by the Attorney General; three-judge district court; appeal to Supreme Court
Whenever the Attorney General has reason to believe that a State or political subdivision (a) has enacted or is seeking to administer any test or device as a prerequisite to voting in violation of the prohibition contained in section 10501 of this title, or (b) undertakes to deny the right to vote in any election in violation of section 10502 or 10503 of this title, he may institute for the United States, or in the name of the United States, an action in a district court of the United States, in accordance with sections 1391 through 1393 1 of title 28, for a restraining order, a preliminary or permanent injunction, or such other order as he deems appropriate. An action under this subsection shall be heard and determined by a court of three judges in accordance with the provisions of section 2284 of title 28 and any appeal shall be to the Supreme Court.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 204, formerly § 203, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 317; renumbered § 204 and amended Pub. L. 94–73, title III, §§ 302, 303, title IV, § 406, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 403, 405.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1393 of title 28, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–702, title X, § 1001(a), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4664.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973aa–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers referenced in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections prior to their editorial reclassification to this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 inserted reference to section 1973aa–1a of this title and substituted reference to section 2284 of title 28 for reference to section 2282 of title 28.
52 U.S.C. § 10505 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10505. Penalty
Whoever shall deprive or attempt to deprive any person of any right secured by section 10501, 10502, or 10503 of this title shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 205, formerly § 204, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 317; renumbered § 205 and amended Pub. L. 94–73, title III, §§ 302, 304, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 403.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973aa–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers referenced in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections prior to their editorial reclassification to this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 inserted reference to section 1973aa–1a of this title.
52 U.S.C. § 10506 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10506. Separability
If any provision of chapters 103 to 107 of this title or the application of any provision thereof to any person or circumstance is judicially determined to be invalid, the remainder of chapters 103 to 107 of this title or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such determination.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 206, formerly § 205, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318; renumbered § 206, Pub. L. 94–73, title III, § 302, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 403.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973aa–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 10507 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10507. Survey to compile registration and voting statistics
(a) Elections to House of Representatives and elections designated by United States Commission on Civil Rights
Congress hereby directs the Director of the Census forthwith to conduct a survey to compile registration and voting statistics: (i) in every State or political subdivision with respect to which the prohibitions of section 10303(a) of this title are in effect, for every statewide general election for Members of the United States House of Representatives after January 1, 1974; and (ii) in every State or political subdivision for any election designated by the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Such surveys shall only include a count of citizens of voting age, race or color, and national origin, and a determination of the extent to which such persons are registered to vote and have voted in the elections surveyed.
(b) Prohibition against compulsion to disclose personal data; advice of rights
In any survey under subsection (a) of this section no person shall be compelled to disclose his race, color, national origin, political party affiliation, or how he voted (or the reasons therefor), nor shall any penalty be imposed for his failure or refusal to make such disclosures. Every person interrogated orally, by written survey or questionnaire, or by any other means with respect to such information shall be fully advised of his right to fail or refuse to furnish such information.
(c) Report to Congress
The Director of the Census shall, at the earliest practicable time, report to the Congress the results of every survey conducted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.
(d) Confidentiality of information; penalties
The provisions of section 9 and chapter 7 of title 13 shall apply to any survey, collection, or compilation of registration and voting statistics carried out under subsection (a) of this section.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 207, as added Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 403, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 404.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973aa–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 10508 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10508. Voting assistance for blind, disabled or illiterate persons
Any voter who requires assistance to vote by reason of blindness, disability, or inability to read or write may be given assistance by a person of the voter’s choice, other than the voter’s employer or agent of that employer or officer or agent of the voter’s union.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 208, as added Pub. L. 97–205, § 5, June 29, 1982, 96 Stat. 135.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973aa–6 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 97–205, § 5, June 29, 1982, 96 Stat. 134, provided that this section is effective Jan. 1, 1984.
52 U.S.C. § 10701 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10701. Enforcement of twenty-sixth amendment
(a)
(1) The Attorney General is directed to institute, in the name of the United States, such actions against States or political subdivisions, including actions for injunctive relief, as he may determine to be necessary to implement the twenty-sixth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
(2) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted under this chapter, which shall be heard and determined by a court of three judges in accordance with section 2284 of title 28, and any appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court. It shall be the duty of the judges designated to hear the case to assign the case for hearing and determination thereof, and to cause the case to be in every way expedited.
(b) Whoever shall deny or attempt to deny any person of any right secured by the twenty-sixth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title III, § 301, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 405.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973bb of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 substituted provisions authorizing the Attorney General to institute proceedings to enforce twenty-sixth amendment, the jurisdiction of the district courts, and penalties for denial of rights secured by twenty-sixth amendment, for provisions relating to Congressional findings and prohibition of denial of right to vote on account of age.
52 U.S.C. § 10702 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 10702. “State” defined
As used in this chapter, the term “State” includes the District of Columbia.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title III, § 302, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 405.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973bb–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 substituted definition of State for provisions prohibiting denial of right to vote because of age.
52 U.S.C. § 20101 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 20101. Congressional declaration of purpose
It is the intention of Congress in enacting this chapter to promote the fundamental right to vote by improving access for handicapped and elderly individuals to registration facilities and polling places for Federal elections.
(Pub. L. 98–435, § 2, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1678.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973ee of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 98–435, § 9, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1680, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] shall apply with respect to elections taking place after December 31, 1985.”
52 U.S.C. § 20102 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 20102. Selection of polling facilities
(a) Accessibility to all polling places as responsibility of each political subdivision
Within each State, except as provided in subsection (b), each political subdivision responsible for conducting elections shall assure that all polling places for Federal elections are accessible to handicapped and elderly voters.
(b) Exception
Subsection (a) shall not apply to a polling place—
(1) in the case of an emergency, as determined by the chief election officer of the State; or
(2) if the chief election officer of the State—
(A) determines that all potential polling places have been surveyed and no such accessible place is available, nor is the political subdivision able to make one temporarily accessible, in the area involved; and
(B) assures that any handicapped or elderly voter assigned to an inaccessible polling place, upon advance request of such voter (pursuant to procedures established by the chief election officer of the State)—
(i) will be assigned to an accessible polling place, or
(ii) will be provided with an alternative means for casting a ballot on the day of the election.
(c) Report to Federal Election Commission
(1) Not later than December 31 of each even-numbered year, the chief election officer of each State shall report to the Federal Election Commission, in a manner to be determined by the Commission, the number of accessible and inaccessible polling places in such State on the date of the preceding general Federal election, and the reasons for any instance of inaccessibility.
(2) Not later than April 30 of each odd-numbered year, the Federal Election Commission shall compile the information reported under paragraph (1) and shall transmit that information to the Congress.
(3) The provisions of this subsection shall only be effective for a period of 10 years beginning on September 28, 1984.
(Pub. L. 98–435, § 3, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1678.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973ee–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 20103 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 20103. Selection of registration facilities
(a) Each State or political subdivision responsible for registration for Federal elections shall provide a reasonable number of accessible permanent registration facilities.
(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to any State that has in effect a system that provides an opportunity for each potential voter to register by mail or at the residence of such voter.
(Pub. L. 98–435, § 4, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1679.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973ee–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 20104 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 20104. Registration and voting aids
(a) Printed instructions; telecommunications devices for the deaf
Each State shall make available registration and voting aids for Federal elections for handicapped and elderly individuals, including—
(1) instructions, printed in large type, conspicuously displayed at each permanent registration facility and each polling place; and
(2) information by telecommunications devices for the deaf.
(b) Medical certification
No notarization or medical certification shall be required of a handicapped voter with respect to an absentee ballot or an application for such ballot, except that medical certification may be required when the certification establishes eligibility, under State law—
(1) to automatically receive an application or a ballot on a continuing basis; or
(2) to apply for an absentee ballot after the deadline has passed.
(c) Notice of availability of aids
The chief election officer of each State shall provide public notice, calculated to reach elderly and handicapped voters, of the availability of aids under this section, assistance under section 10508 of this title, and the procedures for voting by absentee ballot, not later than general public notice of registration and voting is provided.
(Pub. L. 98–435, § 5, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1679.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973ee–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 20105 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 20105. Enforcement
(a) Action for declaratory or injunctive relief
If a State or political subdivision does not comply with this chapter, the United States Attorney General or a person who is personally aggrieved by the noncompliance may bring an action for declaratory or injunctive relief in the appropriate district court.
(b) Prerequisite notice of noncompliance
An action may be brought under this section only if the plaintiff notifies the chief election officer of the State of the noncompliance and a period of 45 days has elapsed since the date of notification.
(c) Attorney fees
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no award of attorney fees may be made with respect to an action under this section, except in any action brought to enforce the original judgment of the court.
(Pub. L. 98–435, § 6, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1679.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973ee–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
52 U.S.C. § 20106 (VOTING AND ELECTIONS)
§ 20106. Relationship to Voting Rights Act of 1965
This chapter shall not be construed to impair any right guaranteed by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.] .
(Pub. L. 98–435, § 7, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1679.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Voting Rights Act of 1965, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–110, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 437, which is classified generally to chapters 103 (§ 10301 et seq.), 105 (§ 10501 et seq.), and 107 (§ 10701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was formerly classified to section 1973ee–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.