dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
51 U.S.C. § 20163 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 20163. Program authorized
(a) In General.—
In order to carry out the purposes of this subchapter, the Administration, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, shall initiate and carry out a program of research, technology, monitoring, and other appropriate activities directed to understand the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere.
(b) Activities.—
In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Administration shall—
(1) arrange for participation by the scientific and engineering community, of both the Nation’s industrial organizations and institutions of higher education, in planning and carrying out appropriate research, in developing necessary technology, and in making necessary observations and measurements;
(2) provide, by way of grant, contract, scholarships, or other arrangements, to the maximum extent practicable and consistent with other laws, for the widest practicable and appropriate participation of the scientific and engineering community in the program authorized by this subchapter; and
(3) make all results of the program authorized by this subchapter available to the appropriate regulatory agencies and provide for the widest practicable dissemination of such results.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3354.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
20163
42 U.S.C. 2483.
Pub. L. 85–568, title IV, § 403, as added Pub. L. 94–39, § 8, June 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 222.
51 U.S.C. § 20164 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 20164. International cooperation
In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Administration, subject to the direction of the President and after consultation with the Secretary of State, shall make every effort to enlist the support and cooperation of appropriate scientists and engineers of other countries and international organizations.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3355.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
20164
42 U.S.C. 2484.
Pub. L. 85–568, title IV, § 404, as added Pub. L. 94–39, § 8, June 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 223.
51 U.S.C. § 20301 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 20301. General responsibilities
(a) Programs.—
The Administrator shall ensure that the Administration carries out a balanced set of programs that shall include, at a minimum, programs in—
(1) human space flight, in accordance with section 20302 of this title;
(2) aeronautics research and development; and
(3) scientific research, which shall include, at a minimum—
(A) robotic missions to study the Moon and other planets and their moons, and to deepen understanding of astronomy, astrophysics, and other areas of science that can be productively studied from space;
(B) Earth science research and research on the Sun-Earth connection through the development and operation of research satellites and other means;
(C) support of university research in space science, Earth science, and microgravity science; and
(D) research on microgravity, including research that is not directly related to human exploration.
(b) Consultation and Coordination.—
In carrying out the programs of the Administration, the Administrator shall—
(1) consult and coordinate to the extent appropriate with other relevant Federal agencies, including through the National Science and Technology Council;
(2) work closely with the private sector, including by—
(A) encouraging the work of entrepreneurs who are seeking to develop new means to launch satellites, crew, or cargo;
(B) contracting with the private sector for crew and cargo services, including to the International Space Station, to the extent practicable;
(C) using commercially available products (including software) and services to the extent practicable to support all Administration activities; and
(D) encouraging commercial use and development of space to the greatest extent practicable; and
(3) involve other nations to the extent appropriate.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3355.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
20301
42 U.S.C. 16611(a).
Pub. L. 109–155, title I, § 101(a), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2897.
51 U.S.C. § 20302 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 20302. Vision for space exploration
(a) In General.—
The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon, including a robust precursor program, to promote exploration, science, commerce, and United States preeminence in space, and as a stepping-stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations. The Administrator is further authorized to develop and conduct appropriate international collaborations in pursuit of these goals.
(b) Milestones.—
The Administrator shall manage human space flight programs to strive to achieve the following milestones (in conformity with section 70502 of this title):
(1) Returning Americans to the Moon no later than 2020.
(2) Launching the Crew Exploration Vehicle as close to 2010 as possible.
(3) Increasing knowledge of the impacts of long duration stays in space on the human body using the most appropriate facilities available, including the International Space Station.
(4) Enabling humans to land on and return from Mars and other destinations on a timetable that is technically and fiscally possible.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3356.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
20302
42 U.S.C. 16611(b).
Pub. L. 109–155, title I, § 101(b), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2898.
51 U.S.C. § 20304 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 20304. Basic research enhancement
(a) Definition of Basic Research.—
In this section, the term “basic research” has the meaning given the term in Office of Management and Budget Circular No. A–11.
(b) Coordination.—
The Administrator, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Commerce shall, to the extent practicable, coordinate basic research activities related to physical sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3357.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
20304
42 U.S.C. 16658.
Pub. L. 110–69, title II, § 2003, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 583.
51 U.S.C. § 20305 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 20305. National Academies decadal surveys
(a) In General.—
The Administrator shall enter into agreements on a periodic basis with the National Academies for independent assessments, also known as decadal surveys, to take stock of the status and opportunities for Earth and space science discipline fields and Aeronautics research and to recommend priorities for research and programmatic areas over the next decade.
(b) Independent Cost Estimates.—
The agreements described in subsection (a) shall include independent estimates of the life cycle costs and technical readiness of missions assessed in the decadal surveys whenever possible.
(c) Reexamination.—
The Administrator shall request that each National Academies decadal survey committee identify any conditions or events, such as significant cost growth or scientific or technological advances, that would warrant the Administration asking the National Academies to reexamine the priorities that the decadal survey had established.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3357.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
20305
42 U.S.C. 17823.
Pub. L. 110–422, title XI, § 1104, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4809.
heading: Implementation of Decadal Survey’s Recommended Decision Rules
text: Pub. L. 112–55, div. B, title III, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 622, provided in part: “That NASA shall implement the recommendations of the most recent National Research Council planetary decadal survey and shall follow the decadal survey’s recommended decision rules regarding program implementation, including a strict adherence to the recommendation that NASA include in a balanced program a flagship class mission, which may be executed in cooperation with one or more international partners, if such mission can be appropriately de-scoped and all NASA costs for such mission can be accommodated within the overall funding levels appropriated by Congress”.
51 U.S.C. § 30101 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30101. Prior authorization of appropriations required
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, no appropriation may be made to the Administration unless previously authorized by legislation enacted by Congress.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3357.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30101
42 U.S.C. 2460.
Pub. L. 86–45, § 4, June 15, 1959, 73 Stat. 75.
The word “hereafter” is omitted as unnecessary.
51 U.S.C. § 30102 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30102. Working capital fund
(a) Establishment.—
There is hereby established in the United States Treasury an Administration working capital fund.
(b) Availability of Amounts.—
(1) In general.—
Amounts in the fund are available for financing activities, services, equipment, information, and facilities as authorized by law to be provided—
(A) within the Administration;
(B) to other agencies or instrumentalities of the United States;
(C) to any State, territory, or possession or political subdivision thereof;
(D) to other public or private agencies; or
(E) to any person, firm, association, corporation, or educational institution on a reimbursable basis.
(2) Capital repairs.—
The fund shall also be available for the purpose of funding capital repairs, renovations, rehabilitation, sustainment, demolition, or replacement of Administration real property, on a reimbursable basis within the Administration.
(3) No fiscal year limitation.—
Amounts in the fund are available without regard to fiscal year limitation.
(c) Contents.—
The capital of the fund consists of—
(1) amounts appropriated to the fund;
(2) the reasonable value of stocks of supplies, equipment, and other assets and inventories on order that the Administrator transfers to the fund, less the related liabilities and unpaid obligations;
(3) payments received for loss or damage to property of the fund; and
(4) refunds or rebates received on an on-going basis from a credit card services provider under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s credit card programs.
(d) Reimbursement.—
The fund shall be reimbursed, in advance, for supplies and services at rates that will approximate the expenses of operation, such as the accrual of annual leave, depreciation of plant, property, and equipment, and overhead.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3357; Pub. L. 113–6, div. B, title III, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 264.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30102
42 U.S.C. 2459i.
Pub. L. 108–7, div. K, title III, (last par. under heading “Administrative Provisions”, at 117 Stat. 520), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 520.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 113–6 added par. (4).
51 U.S.C. § 30301 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30301. Guaranteed customer base
No amount appropriated to the Administration may be used to fund grants, contracts, or other agreements with an expected duration of more than one year, when a primary effect of the grant, contract, or agreement is to provide a guaranteed customer base for or establish an anchor tenancy in new commercial space hardware or services unless an appropriations Act specifies the new commercial space hardware or services to be developed or used, or the grant, contract, or agreement is otherwise identified in such Act.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3363.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30301
42 U.S.C. 2459d.
Pub. L. 102–139, title III, (1st par. under heading “Administrative Provisions”, at 105 Stat. 771), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 771.
The words “in this or any other Act with respect to any fiscal year” are omitted as unnecessary.
51 U.S.C. § 30302 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30302. Quality assurance personnel
(a) Exclusion of Administration Personnel.—
A person providing articles to the Administration under a contract entered into after December 9, 1991, may not exclude Administration quality assurance personnel from work sites except as provided in a contract provision that has been submitted to Congress as provided in subsection (b).
(b) Contract Provisions.—
The Administration shall not enter into any contract which permits the exclusion of Administration quality assurance personnel from work sites unless the Administrator has submitted a copy of the provision permitting such exclusion to Congress at least 60 days before entering into the contract.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3363.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30302
42 U.S.C. 2459e.
Pub. L. 102–195, § 19, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1615.
In subsection (a), the date “December 9, 1991” is substituted for “the date of enactment of this Act” to reflect the date of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1992 (Public Law 102–195, 105 Stat. 1605).
In subsection (a), the words “that has been submitted to Congress as provided” are substituted for “described” for clarity.
51 U.S.C. § 30303 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30303. Tracking and data relay satellite services
(a) Contracts.—
The Administration is authorized, when so provided in an appropriation Act, to enter into and to maintain a contract for tracking and data relay satellite services. Such services shall be furnished to the Administration in accordance with applicable authorization and appropriations Acts. The Government shall incur no costs under such contract prior to the furnishing of such services except that the contract may provide for the payment for contingent liability of the Government which may accrue in the event the Government should decide for its convenience to terminate the contract before the end of the period of the contract. Facilities which may be required in the performance of the contract may be constructed on Government-owned lands if there is included in the contract a provision under which the Government may acquire title to the facilities, under terms and conditions agreed upon in the contract, upon termination of the contract.
(b) Reports to Congress.—
The Administrator shall in January of each year report to the Committee on Science and Technology and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate the projected aggregate contingent liability of the Government under termination provisions of any contract authorized in this section through the next fiscal year. The authority of the Administration to enter into and to maintain the contract authorized hereunder shall remain in effect unless repealed by legislation enacted by Congress.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3363.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30303(a)
42 U.S.C. 2463 (1st par.).
Pub. L. 95–76, § 6, July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 315; Pub. L. 103–437, § 15(c)(3), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4592.
30303(b)
42 U.S.C. 2463 (last par.).
In subsection (b), the words “Committee on Science and Technology” are substituted for “Committee on Science, Space, and Technology” on authority of section 1(a)(10) of Public Law 104–14 (2 U.S.C. note prec. 21), Rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 5 (106th Congress, January 6, 1999), and Rule X(1)(o) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007).
In subsection (b), the word “hereafter” is omitted as unnecessary.
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
51 U.S.C. § 30304 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30304. Award of contracts to small businesses and disadvantaged individuals
The Administrator shall annually establish a goal of at least 8 percent of the total value of prime and subcontracts awarded in support of authorized programs, including the space station by the time operational status is obtained, which funds will be made available to small business concerns or other organizations owned or controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals (within the meaning of paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a))), including Historically Black Colleges and Universities that are part B institutions (as defined in section 322(2) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2))), Hispanic-serving institutions (as defined in section 502(a)(5) of that Act (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)(5))), Tribal Colleges or Universities (as defined in section 316(b)(3) of that Act (20 U.S.C. 1059c(b)(3))), Alaska Native-serving institutions (as defined in section 317(b)(2) of that Act (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b)(2))), Native Hawaiian-serving institutions (as defined in section 317(b)(4) of that Act (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b)(4))), and minority educational institutions (as defined by the Secretary of Education pursuant to the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.)).
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3364.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30304
42 U.S.C. 2473b (1st par.).
Pub. L. 101–144, title III, (1st par. under heading “Small and Disadvantaged Business”, at 103 Stat. 863), Nov. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 863; Pub. L. 109–155, title VI, § 611, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2932.
The word “Alaska” is substituted for “Alaskan” in the phrase “Alaska Native-serving institutions (as defined in section 317(b)(2) of that Act (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b)(2)))” for consistency with the term defined in section 317(b)(2) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b)(2)).
heading: References in Text
text: The General Education Provisions Act, referred to in text, is title IV of Pub. L. 90–247, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 814, which is classified generally to chapter 31 (§ 1221 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1221 of Title 20 and Tables.
51 U.S.C. § 30306 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30306. Small business contracting
(a) Plan.—
In consultation with the Small Business Administration, the Administrator shall develop a plan to maximize the number and amount of contracts awarded to small business concerns (within the meaning given that term in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) and to meet established contracting goals for such concerns.
(b) Priority.—
The Administrator shall establish as a priority meeting the contracting goals developed in conjunction with the Small Business Administration to maximize the amount of prime contracts, as measured in dollars, awarded in each fiscal year by the Administration to small business concerns (within the meaning given that term in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)).
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3365.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30306
42 U.S.C. 16821.
Pub. L. 109–155, title VII, § 707, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2937.
51 U.S.C. § 30307 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30307. Requirement for independent cost analysis
(a) Definition of Implementation.—
In this section, the term “implementation” means all activity in the life cycle of a project after preliminary design, independent assessment of the preliminary design, and approval to proceed into implementation, including critical design, development, certification, launch, operations, disposal of assets, and, for technology programs, development, testing, analysis, and communication of the results.
(b) Requirement.—
Before any funds may be obligated for implementation of a project that is projected to cost more than $250,000,000 in total project costs, the Administrator shall conduct and consider an independent life-cycle cost analysis of the project and shall report the results to Congress. In developing cost accounting and reporting standards for carrying out this section, the Administrator shall, to the extent practicable and consistent with other laws, solicit the advice of experts outside of the Administration.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3365.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30307
42 U.S.C. 2459g.
Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1591; Pub. L. 109–155, title VII, § 704, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2936.
In subsection (b), in the first sentence, the words “the Administrator shall conduct” are substituted for “the Administrator for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall conduct” to eliminate unnecessary words.
In subsection (b), in the last sentence, the word “experts” is substituted for “expertise” for clarity.
51 U.S.C. § 30308 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 30308. Cost effectiveness calculations
(a) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) Commercial provider.—
The term “commercial provider” means any person providing space transportation services or other space-related activities, the primary control of which is held by persons other than a Federal, State, local, or foreign government.
(2) State.—
The term “State” means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(b) In General.—
Except as otherwise required by law, in calculating the cost effectiveness of the cost of the Administration engaging in an activity as compared to a commercial provider, the Administrator shall compare the cost of the Administration engaging in the activity using full cost accounting principles with the price the commercial provider will charge for such activity.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3366.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
30308(a)
(no source)
30308(b)
42 U.S.C. 2459h.
Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 304, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1592.
In subsection (a), definitions of “commercial provider” and “State” are added to carry forward the appropriate definitions from section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–391, 114 Stat. 1579, 1580).