dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
50 U.S.C. § 1885b (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1885b. Preemption
(a) In general
No State shall have authority to—
(1) conduct an investigation into an electronic communication service provider’s alleged assistance to an element of the intelligence community;
(2) require through regulation or any other means the disclosure of information about an electronic communication service provider’s alleged assistance to an element of the intelligence community;
(3) impose any administrative sanction on an electronic communication service provider for assistance to an element of the intelligence community; or
(4) commence or maintain a civil action or other proceeding to enforce a requirement that an electronic communication service provider disclose information concerning alleged assistance to an element of the intelligence community.
(b) Suits by the United States
The United States may bring suit to enforce the provisions of this section.
(c) Jurisdiction
The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction over any civil action brought by the United States to enforce the provisions of this section.
(d) Application
This section shall apply to any investigation, action, or proceeding that is pending on or commenced after July 10, 2008.
(Pub. L. 95–511, title VIII, § 803, as added Pub. L. 110–261, title II, § 201, July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2470.)
50 U.S.C. § 1885c (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1885c. Reporting
(a) Semiannual report
Not less frequently than once every 6 months, the Attorney General shall, in a manner consistent with national security, the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Standing Rules of the Senate, and Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress or any successor Senate resolution, fully inform the congressional intelligence committees, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives concerning the implementation of this subchapter.
(b) Content
Each report made under subsection (a) shall include—
(1) any certifications made under section 1885a of this title;
(2) a description of the judicial review of the certifications made under section 1885a of this title; and
(3) any actions taken to enforce the provisions of section 1885b of this title.
(Pub. L. 95–511, title VIII, § 804, as added Pub. L. 110–261, title II, § 201, July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2470.)
50 U.S.C. § 1901 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1901. Short title, findings, and purposes
(a) Short title
This chapter may be cited as the “David L. Boren National Security Education Act of 1991”.
(b) Findings
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The security of the United States is and will continue to depend on the ability of the United States to exercise international leadership.
(2) The ability of the United States to exercise international leadership is, and will increasingly continue to be, based on the political and economic strength of the United States, as well as on United States military strength around the world.
(3) Recent changes in the world pose threats of a new kind to international stability as Cold War tensions continue to decline while economic competition, regional conflicts, terrorist activities, and weapon proliferations have dramatically increased.
(4) The future national security and economic well-being of the United States will depend substantially on the ability of its citizens to communicate and compete by knowing the languages and cultures of other countries.
(5) The Federal Government has an interest in ensuring that the employees of its departments and agencies with national security responsibilities are prepared to meet the challenges of this changing international environment.
(6) The Federal Government also has an interest in taking actions to alleviate the problem of American undergraduate and graduate students being inadequately prepared to meet the challenges posed by increasing global interaction among nations.
(7) American colleges and universities must place a new emphasis on improving the teaching of foreign languages, area studies, counterproliferation studies, and other international fields to help meet those challenges.
(c) Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are as follows:
(1) To provide the necessary resources, accountability, and flexibility to meet the national security education needs of the United States, especially as such needs change over time.
(2) To increase the quantity, diversity, and quality of the teaching and learning of subjects in the fields of foreign languages, area studies, counterproliferation studies, and other international fields that are critical to the Nation’s interest.
(3) To produce an increased pool of applicants for work in the departments and agencies of the United States Government with national security responsibilities.
(4) To expand, in conjunction with other Federal programs, the international experience, knowledge base, and perspectives on which the United States citizenry, Government employees, and leaders rely.
(5) To permit the Federal Government to advocate the cause of international education.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 801, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1271; Pub. L. 102–496, title IV, § 404(a), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3185; Pub. L. 105–272, title III, § 305(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2400.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsecs. (b)(7), (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–272 inserted “counterproliferation studies,” after “area studies,”.
1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–496 amended subsec. (a) generally, inserting “David L. Boren”.
50 U.S.C. § 1905 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1905. Regulations and administrative provisions
(a) Regulations
The Secretary may prescribe regulations to carry out the program required by this chapter. Before prescribing any such regulations, the Secretary shall submit a copy of the proposed regulations to the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. Such proposed regulations may not take effect until 30 days after the date on which they are submitted to those committees.
(b) Acceptance and use of gifts
In order to conduct the program required by this chapter, the Secretary may—
(1) receive money and other property donated, bequeathed, or devised, without condition or restriction other than that it be used for the purpose of conducting the program required by this chapter; and
(2) may use, sell, or otherwise dispose of such property for that purpose.
(c) Voluntary services
In order to conduct the program required by this chapter, the Secretary may accept and use the services of voluntary and noncompensated personnel.
(d) Necessary expenditures
Expenditures necessary to conduct the program required by this chapter shall be paid from the Fund, subject to section 1904(b) of this title.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 805, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1275.)
50 U.S.C. § 1907 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1907. Government Accountability Office audits
The conduct of the program required by this chapter may be audited by the Government Accountability Office under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States. Representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to all books, accounts, records, reports, and files and all other papers, things, or property of the Department of Defense pertaining to such activities and necessary to facilitate the audit.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 807, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1276; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in section catchline and in two places in text.
50 U.S.C. § 1908 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1908. Definitions
For the purpose of this chapter:
(1) The term “Board” means the National Security Education Board established pursuant to section 1903 of this title.
(2) The term “Fund” means the National Security Education Trust Fund established pursuant to section 1904 of this title.
(3) The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given that term by section 1001 of title 20.
(4) The term “national security position” means a position—
(A) having national security responsibilities in a 1 agency or office of the Federal Government that has national security responsibilities, as determined under section 1902(g) of this title; and
(B) in which the individual in such position makes their foreign language skills available to such agency or office.
(5) The term “congressional intelligence committees” means—
(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 808, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1276; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, § 1078(f)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2666; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(a)(15), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1622; Pub. L. 107–306, title VIII, § 811(b)(7)(B), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2426.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Par. (5). Pub. L. 107–306 added par. (5).
1998—Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–244 substituted “section 1001” for “section 1141(a)”.
1996—Par. (4). Pub. L. 104–201 added par. (4).
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of Title 20, Education.
50 U.S.C. § 1909 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1909. Fiscal year 1992 funding
(a) Authorization of appropriations to Fund
There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Fund for fiscal year 1992 the sum of $150,000,000.
(b) Authorization of obligations from Fund
During fiscal year 1992, there may be obligated from the Fund such amounts as may be provided in appropriations Acts, not to exceed $35,000,000. Amounts made available for obligation from the Fund for fiscal year 1992 shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 809, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1277.)
50 U.S.C. § 1910 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1910. Funding
(a) Fiscal years 1993 and 1994
Amounts appropriated to carry out this chapter for fiscal years 1993 and 1994 shall remain available until expended.
(b) Fiscal years 1995 and 1996
There is authorized to be appropriated from, and may be obligated from, the Fund for each of the fiscal years 1995 and 1996 not more than the amount credited to the Fund in interest only for the preceding fiscal year under section 1904(e) of this title.
(c) Funding from Intelligence Community Management Account for fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 2005
In addition to amounts that may be made available to the Secretary under the Fund for a fiscal year, the Director of National Intelligence shall transfer to the Secretary from amounts appropriated for the Intelligence Community Management Account for each fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2005, $8,000,000 to carry out the scholarship, fellowship, and grant programs under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), respectively, of section 1902(a)(1) of this title.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 810, as added Pub. L. 103–178, title III, § 311(c), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2037; amended Pub. L. 108–487, title VI, § 601(a), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3951.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–487 added subsec. (c).
50 U.S.C. § 1911 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1911. Additional annual authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
In addition to amounts that may be made available to the Secretary under the Fund for a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for each fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2003, $10,000,000, to carry out the grant program for the National Flagship Language Initiative under section 1902(a)(1)(D) of this title.
(b) Funding from Intelligence Community Management Account for fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 2005
In addition to amounts that may be made available to the Secretary under the Fund for a fiscal year, the Director of National Intelligence shall transfer to the Secretary from amounts appropriated for the Intelligence Community Management Account for each fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2005, $6,000,000 to carry out the grant program for the National Flagship Language Initiative under section 1902(a)(1)(D) of this title.
(c) Availability of appropriated funds
Amounts made available under this section shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 811, as added Pub. L. 107–306, title III, § 333(b), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2397; amended Pub. L. 108–487, title VI, § 602(b), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3953.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2004—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 108–487 added subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: “Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) of this section shall remain available until expended.”
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on the date the Secretary of Defense submits the report required under section 334 of Pub. L. 107–306 and notifies the appropriate committees of Congress that the programs carried out under this chapter are being managed in a fiscally and programmatically sound manner, see section 333(c) of Pub. L. 107–306, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 1902 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 1912 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1912. Funding for scholarship program for advanced English language studies by heritage community citizens
(a) Funding from Intelligence Community Management Account
In addition to amounts that may be made available to the Secretary under the Fund for a fiscal year, the Director of National Intelligence shall transfer to the Secretary from amounts appropriated for the Intelligence Community Management Account for each fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2005, $2,000,000 to carry out the scholarship programs for English language studies by certain heritage community citizens under section 1902(a)(1)(E) of this title.
(b) Availability of funds
Amounts made available under subsection (a) of this section shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 812, as added Pub. L. 108–487, title VI, § 603(b), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3954.)
50 U.S.C. § 1913 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 1913. National Language Service Corps
(a) Establishment
(1) The Secretary of Defense may establish and maintain within the Department of Defense a National Language Service Corps (in this section referred to as the “Corps”).
(2) The purpose of the Corps is to provide a pool of nongovernmental personnel with foreign language skills who, as provided in regulations prescribed under this section, agree to provide foreign language services to the Department of Defense or another department or agency of the United States.
(b) National Security Education Board
If the Secretary establishes the Corps, the Secretary shall provide for the National Security Education Board to oversee and coordinate the activities of the Corps to such extent and in such manner as determined by the Secretary under paragraph (9) of section 1903(d) of this title.
(c) Membership
To be eligible for membership in the Corps, a person must be a citizen of the United States authorized by law to be employed in the United States, have attained the age of 18 years, and possess such foreign language skills as the Secretary considers appropriate for membership in the Corps.
(d) Training
The Secretary may provide members of the Corps such training as the Secretary prescribes for purposes of this section.
(e) Service
Upon a determination that it is in the national interests of the United States, the Secretary shall call upon members of the Corps to provide foreign language services to the Department of Defense or another department or agency of the United States. If a member of the Corps is, as of the time of such determination, employed by or performing under a contract for an element of another Federal agency, the Secretary shall first obtain the concurrence of the head of that agency.
(f) Funding
The Secretary may impose fees, in amounts up to full-cost recovery, for language services and technical assistance rendered by members of the Corps. Amounts of fees received under this section shall be credited to the account of the Department providing funds for any costs incurred by the Department in connection with the Corps. Amounts so credited to such account shall be merged with amounts in such account, and shall be available to the same extent, and subject to the same conditions and limitations, as amounts in such account. Any amounts so credited shall remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 813, as added Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title IX, § 954(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1895.)
50 U.S.C. § 2012 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2012. Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund
The Director shall maintain the fund in the Treasury known as the “Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund” (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “fund”), originally created pursuant to title II of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees.
(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 202, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3201.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 88–643, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1043, as amended, which was formerly set out as a note under section 403 of this title. Pub. L. 88–643 was revised generally by Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3196, and is now known as the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act. As so revised, title II of Pub. L. 88–643 is classified generally to this subchapter.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 202 of Pub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1043, related to establishment and maintenance of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.
50 U.S.C. § 2013 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2013. Participants in CIARDS system
(a) Designation of participants
The Director may from time to time designate employees of the Agency who shall be entitled to participate in the system. Employees so designated who elect to participate in the system are referred to in this chapter as “participants”.
(b) Qualifying service
Designation of employees under this section may be made only from among employees of the Agency who have completed at least 5 years of qualifying service. For purposes of this chapter, qualifying service is service in the Agency performed in carrying out duties that are determined by the Director—
(1) to be in support of Agency activities abroad hazardous to life or health; or
(2) to be so specialized because of security requirements as to be clearly distinguishable from normal government employment.
(c) Election of employee to be participant
(1) Permanence of election
An employee of the Agency who elects to accept designation as a participant in the system shall remain a participant of the system for the duration of that individual’s employment with the Agency.
(2) Irrevocability of election
Such an election shall be irrevocable except as and to the extent provided in section 2151(d) of this title.
(3) Election not subject to approval
An election under this section is not subject to review or approval by the Director.
(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3202.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 203 of Pub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1044; Pub. L. 102–88, title III, § 303, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 431, related to participants in the system and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.
50 U.S.C. § 2014 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2014. Annuitants
Persons who are annuitants under the system are—
(1) those persons who, on the basis of their service in the Agency, have met all requirements for an annuity under this subchapter or any other Act and are receiving an annuity from the fund; and
(2) those persons who, on the basis of someone else’s service, meet all the requirements under this subchapter or any other Act for an annuity payable from the fund.
(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 204, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3202.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 204 of Pub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1044; Pub. L. 91–626, § 1, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 94–552, title II, § 201, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2468; Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, § 602, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 99–335, title V, § 501(2), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 102–88, title III, § 302, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 431; Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §§ 302(c), 310(a), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1263, 1266, related to annuitants under the system and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.
50 U.S.C. § 2033 (WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE)
§ 2033. Election of survivor benefits for certain former spouses divorced as of November 15, 1982
(a) Former spouses as of November 15, 1982
A participant, former participant, or retired participant in the system who on November 15, 1982, had a former spouse may, by a spousal agreement, elect to receive a reduced annuity and provide a survivor annuity for such former spouse under section 2032(b) of this title.
(b) Time for making election
(1) If the participant or former participant has not retired under such system on or before November 15, 1982, an election under this section may be made at any time before retirement.
(2) If the participant or former participant has retired under such system on or before November 15, 1982, an election under this section may be made within such period after November 15, 1982, as the Director may prescribe.
(3) For the purposes of applying this subchapter, any such election shall be treated in the same manner as if it were a spousal agreement under section 2094(b) of this title.
(c) Base for annuity
An election under this section may provide for a survivor annuity based on all or any portion of that part of the annuity of the participant which is not designated or committed as a base for a survivor annuity for a spouse or any other former spouse of the participant. The participant and the participant’s spouse may make an election under section 2031(b)(1)(B) of this title before the time of retirement for the purpose of allowing an election to be made under this section.
(d) Reduction in participant’s annuity
(1) Computation
The amount of the reduction in the participant’s annuity shall be determined in accordance with section 2031(b)(2) of this title.
(2) Effective date of reduction
Such reduction shall be effective as of—
(A) the commencing date of the participant’s annuity, in the case of an election under subsection (b)(1) of this section; or
(B) November 15, 1982, in the case of an election under subsection (b)(2) of this section.
(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, § 223, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3216.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 223 of Pub. L. 88–643, as added Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, § 607, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1151; amended Pub. L. 99–335, title V, § 501(2), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 622, related to election of survivor benefits for certain former spouses and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.