dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 17193 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17193. General geothermal systems research and development
(a) Subsurface components and systems
The Secretary shall support a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of components and systems capable of withstanding extreme geothermal environments and necessary to cost-effectively develop, produce, and monitor geothermal reservoirs and produce geothermal energy. These components and systems shall include advanced casing systems (expandable tubular casing, low-clearance casing designs, and others), high-temperature cements, high-temperature submersible pumps, and high-temperature packers, as well as technologies for under-reaming, multilateral completions, high-temperature and high-pressure logging, logging while drilling, deep fracture stimulation, and reservoir system diagnostics.
(b) Reservoir performance modeling
The Secretary shall support a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of models of geothermal reservoir performance, with an emphasis on accurately modeling performance over time. Models shall be developed to assist both in the development of geothermal reservoirs and to more accurately account for stress-related effects in stimulated hydrothermal and enhanced geothermal systems production environments.
(c) Environmental impacts
The Secretary shall—
(1) support a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of technologies and practices designed to mitigate or preclude potential adverse environmental impacts of geothermal energy development, production or use, and seek to ensure that geothermal energy development is consistent with the highest practicable standards of environmental stewardship;
(2) in conjunction with the Assistant Administrator for Research and Development at the Environmental Protection Agency, support a research program to identify potential environmental impacts of geothermal energy development, production, and use, and ensure that the program described in paragraph (1) addresses such impacts, including effects on groundwater and local hydrology; and
(3) support a program of research to compare the potential environmental impacts identified as part of the development, production, and use of geothermal energy with the potential emission reductions of greenhouse gases gained by geothermal energy development, production, and use.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 614, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1680.)
42 U.S.C. § 17194 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17194. Enhanced geothermal systems research and development
(a) In general
The Secretary shall support a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for enhanced geothermal systems, including the programs described in subsection (b).
(b) Programs
(1) Enhanced geothermal systems technologies
The Secretary shall support a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of the technologies and knowledge necessary for enhanced geothermal systems to advance to a state of commercial readiness, including advances in—
(A) reservoir stimulation;
(B) reservoir characterization, monitoring, and modeling;
(C) stress mapping;
(D) tracer development;
(E) three-dimensional tomography; and
(F) understanding seismic effects of reservoir engineering and stimulation.
(2) Enhanced geothermal systems reservoir stimulation
(A) Program
In collaboration with industry partners, the Secretary shall support a program of research, development, and demonstration of enhanced geothermal systems reservoir stimulation technologies and techniques. A minimum of 4 sites shall be selected in locations that show particular promise for enhanced geothermal systems development. Each site shall—
(i) represent a different class of subsurface geologic environments; and
(ii) take advantage of an existing site where subsurface characterization has been conducted or existing drill holes can be utilized, if possible.
(B) Consideration of existing site
The Desert Peak, Nevada, site, where a Department of Energy and industry cooperative enhanced geothermal systems project is already underway, may be considered for inclusion among the sites selected under subparagraph (A).
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 615, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1680.)
42 U.S.C. § 17196 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17196. Cost sharing and proposal evaluation
(a) Federal share
The Federal share of costs of projects funded under this part shall be in accordance with section 16352 of this title.
(b) Organization and administration of programs
Programs under this part shall incorporate the following elements:
(1) The Secretary shall coordinate with, and where appropriate may provide funds in furtherance of the purposes of this part to, other Department of Energy research and development programs focused on drilling, subsurface characterization, and other related technologies.
(2) In evaluating proposals, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals that demonstrate clear evidence of employing a systems approach.
(3) The Secretary shall coordinate and consult with the appropriate Federal land management agencies in selecting proposals for funding under this part.
(4) Nothing in this part shall be construed to alter or affect any law relating to the management or protection of Federal lands.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 617, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1682.)
42 U.S.C. § 17197 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17197. Center for Geothermal Technology Transfer
(a) In general
The Secretary shall award to an institution of higher education (or consortium thereof) a grant to establish a Center for Geothermal Technology Transfer (referred to in this section as the “Center”).
(b) Duties
The Center shall—
(1) serve as an information clearinghouse for the geothermal industry by collecting and disseminating information on best practices in all areas relating to developing and utilizing geothermal resources;
(2) make data collected by the Center available to the public; and
(3) seek opportunities to coordinate efforts and share information with domestic and international partners engaged in research and development of geothermal systems and related technology.
(c) Selection criteria
In awarding the grant under subsection (a) the Secretary shall select an institution of higher education (or consortium thereof) best suited to provide national leadership on geothermal related issues and perform the duties enumerated under subsection (b).
(d) Duration of grant
A grant made under subsection (a)—
(1) shall be for an initial period of 5 years; and
(2) may be renewed for additional 5-year periods on the basis of—
(A) satisfactory performance in meeting the duties outlined in subsection (b); and
(B) any other requirements specified by the Secretary.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 618, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1683.)
42 U.S.C. § 17198 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17198. GeoPowering America
The Secretary shall expand the Department of Energy’s GeoPowering the West program to extend its geothermal technology transfer activities throughout the entire United States. The program shall be renamed “GeoPowering America”. The program shall continue to be based in the Department of Energy office in Golden, Colorado.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 619, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1683.)
42 U.S.C. § 17199 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17199. Educational pilot program
The Secretary shall seek to award grant funding, on a competitive basis, to an institution of higher education for a geothermal-powered energy generation facility on the institution’s campus. The purpose of the facility shall be to provide electricity and space heating. The facility shall also serve as an educational resource to students in relevant fields of study, and the data generated by the facility shall be available to students and the general public. The total funding award shall not exceed $2,000,000.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 620, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1683.)
42 U.S.C. § 17200 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17200. Reports
(a) Reports on advanced uses of geothermal energy
Not later than 3 years and 5 years after December 19, 2007, the Secretary shall report to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate on advanced concepts and technologies to maximize the geothermal resource potential of the United States. The reports shall include—
(1) the use of carbon dioxide as an alternative geofluid with potential carbon sequestration benefits;
(2) mineral recovery from geofluids;
(3) use of geothermal energy to produce hydrogen;
(4) use of geothermal energy to produce biofuels;
(5) use of geothermal heat for oil recovery from oil shales and tar sands; and
(6) other advanced geothermal technologies, including advanced drilling technologies and advanced power conversion technologies.
(b) Progress reports
(1) Not later than 36 months after December 19, 2007, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate an interim report describing the progress made under this part. At the end of 60 months, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results of projects undertaken under this part and other such information the Secretary considers appropriate.
(2) As necessary, the Secretary shall report to the Congress on any legal, regulatory, or other barriers encountered that hinder economic development of these resources, and provide recommendations on legislative or other actions needed to address such impediments.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 621, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1684.)
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
42 U.S.C. § 17201 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17201. Applicability of other laws
Nothing in this part shall be construed as waiving, modifying, or superseding the applicability of any requirement under any environmental or other Federal or State law. To the extent that activities authorized in this part take place in coastal and ocean areas, the Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, regarding the potential marine environmental impacts and measures to address such impacts.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 622, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1684.)
42 U.S.C. § 17202 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17202. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this part $90,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012, of which $10,000,000 for each fiscal year shall be for carrying out section 17195 of this title. There are also authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Intermountain West Geothermal Consortium $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 623, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1684.)
42 U.S.C. § 17203 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17203. International geothermal energy development
(a) In general
The Secretary of Energy, in coordination with other appropriate Federal and multilateral agencies (including the United States Agency for International Development) shall support international collaborative efforts to promote the research, development, and deployment of geothermal technologies used to develop hydrothermal and enhanced geothermal system resources, including as partners (as appropriate) the African Rift Geothermal Development Facility, Australia, China, France, the Republic of Iceland, India, Japan, and the United Kingdom.
(b) United States Trade and Development Agency
The Director of the United States Trade and Development Agency may—
(1) encourage participation by United States firms in actions taken to carry out subsection (a); and
(2) provide grants and other financial support for feasibility and resource assessment studies conducted in, or intended to benefit, less developed countries.
(c) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 624, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1684.)
42 U.S.C. § 17204 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17204. High cost region geothermal energy grant program
(a) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Eligible entity
The term “eligible entity” means—
(A) a utility;
(B) an electric cooperative;
(C) a State;
(D) a political subdivision of a State;
(E) an Indian tribe; or
(F) a Native corporation.
(2) High-cost region
The term “high-cost region” means a region in which the average cost of electrical power exceeds 150 percent of the national average retail cost, as determined by the Secretary.
(b) Program
The Secretary shall use amounts made available to carry out this section to make grants to eligible entities for activities described in subsection (c).
(c) Eligible activities
An eligible entity may use grant funds under this section, with respect to a geothermal energy project in a high-cost region, only—
(1) to conduct a feasibility study, including a study of exploration, geochemical testing, geomagnetic surveys, geologic information gathering, baseline environmental studies, well drilling, resource characterization, permitting, and economic analysis;
(2) for design and engineering costs, relating to the project; and
(3) to demonstrate and promote commercial application of technologies related to geothermal energy as part of the project.
(d) Cost sharing
The cost-sharing requirements of section 16352 of this title shall apply to any project carried out under this section.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 625, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1685.)
42 U.S.C. § 17211 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17211. Definition
For purposes of this part, the term “marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy” means electrical energy from—
(1) waves, tides, and currents in oceans, estuaries, and tidal areas;
(2) free flowing water in rivers, lakes, and streams;
(3) free flowing water in man-made channels; and
(4) differentials in ocean temperature (ocean thermal energy conversion).
The term “marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy” does not include energy from any source that uses a dam, diversionary structure, or impoundment for electric power purposes.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 632, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1686.)
heading: Short Title
text: This part known as the “Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Research and Development Act”, see Short Title note set out under section 17001 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 17213 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17213. National Marine Renewable Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Centers
(a) Centers
The Secretary shall award grants to institutions of higher education (or consortia thereof) for the establishment of 1 or more National Marine Renewable Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Centers. In selecting locations for Centers, the Secretary shall consider sites that meet one of the following criteria:
(1) Hosts an existing marine renewable energy research and development program in coordination with an engineering program at an institution of higher education.
(2) Has proven expertise to support environmental and policy-related issues associated with harnessing of energy in the marine environment.
(3) Has access to and utilizes the marine resources in the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, or the Pacific Ocean.
The Secretary may give special consideration to historically black colleges and universities and land grant universities that also meet one of these criteria. In establishing criteria for the selection of the Centers, the Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, on the criteria related to ocean waves, tides, and currents including those for advancing wave forecasting technologies, ocean temperature differences, and studying the compatibility of marine renewable energy technologies and systems with the environment, fisheries, and other marine resources.
(b) Purposes
The Centers shall advance research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of marine renewable energy, and shall serve as an information clearinghouse for the marine renewable energy industry, collecting and disseminating information on best practices in all areas related to developing and managing enhanced marine renewable energy systems resources.
(c) Demonstration of need
When applying for a grant under this section, an applicant shall include a description of why Federal support is necessary for the Center, including evidence that the research of the Center will not be conducted in the absence of Federal support.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 634, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1687.)
42 U.S.C. § 17214 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17214. Applicability of other laws
Nothing in this part shall be construed as waiving, modifying, or superseding the applicability of any requirement under any environmental or other Federal or State law.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 635, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1688.)
42 U.S.C. § 17215 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17215. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this part $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012, except that no funds shall be appropriated under this section for activities that are receiving funds under section 16231(a)(2)(E)(i) of this title.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 636, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1688.)
42 U.S.C. § 17241 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17241. Lightweight materials research and development
(a) In general
As soon as practicable after December 19, 2007, the Secretary of Energy shall establish a program to determine ways in which the weight of motor vehicles could be reduced to improve fuel efficiency without compromising passenger safety by conducting research, development, and demonstration relating to—
(1) the development of new materials (including cast metal composite materials formed by autocombustion synthesis) and material processes that yield a higher strength-to-weight ratio or other properties that reduce vehicle weight; and
(2) reducing the cost of—
(A) lightweight materials (including high-strength steel alloys, aluminum, magnesium, metal composites, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites) with the properties required for construction of lighter-weight vehicles; and
(B) materials processing, automated manufacturing, joining, and recycling lightweight materials for high-volume applications.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $80,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 651, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1694.)
42 U.S.C. § 17242 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17242. Commercial insulation demonstration program
(a) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Advanced insulation
The term “advanced insulation” means insulation that has an R value of not less than R35 per inch.
(2) Covered refrigeration unit
The term “covered refrigeration unit” means any—
(A) commercial refrigerated truck;
(B) commercial refrigerated trailer; or
(C) commercial refrigerator, freezer, or refrigerator-freezer described in section 6313(c) of this title.
(b) Report
Not later than 90 days after December 19, 2007, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that includes an evaluation of—
(1) the state of technological advancement of advanced insulation; and
(2) the projected amount of cost savings that would be generated by implementing advanced insulation into covered refrigeration units.
(c) Demonstration program
(1) Establishment
If the Secretary determines in the report described in subsection (b) that the implementation of advanced insulation into covered refrigeration units would generate an economically justifiable amount of cost savings, the Secretary, in cooperation with manufacturers of covered refrigeration units, shall establish a demonstration program under which the Secretary shall demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of advanced insulation.
(2) Disclosure
The Secretary may, for a period of up to 5 years after an award is granted under the demonstration program, exempt from mandatory disclosure under section 552 of title 5 (popularly known as the Freedom of Information Act) information that the Secretary determines would be a privileged or confidential trade secret or commercial or financial information under subsection (b)(4) of such section if the information had been obtained from a non-Government party.
(3) Cost-sharing
Section 16352 of this title shall apply to any project carried out under this subsection.
(d) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $8,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2009 through 2014.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, § 652, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1694.)
42 U.S.C. § 17251 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 17251. Carbon capture
(a) Program establishment
(1) In general
The Secretary shall carry out a program to demonstrate technologies for the large-scale capture of carbon dioxide from industrial sources. In making awards under this program, the Secretary shall select, as appropriate, a diversity of capture technologies to address the need to capture carbon dioxide from a range of industrial sources.
(2) Scope of award
Awards under this section shall be only for the portion of the project that—
(A) carries out the large-scale capture (including purification and compression) of carbon dioxide from industrial sources;
(B) provides for the transportation and injection of carbon dioxide; and
(C) incorporates a comprehensive measurement, monitoring, and validation program.
(3) Preferences for award
To ensure reduced carbon dioxide emissions, the Secretary shall take necessary actions to provide for the integration of the program under this paragraph with the large-scale carbon dioxide sequestration tests described in section 16293(c)(3) of this title. These actions should not delay implementation of these tests. The Secretary shall give priority consideration to projects with the following characteristics:
(A) Capacity
Projects that will capture a high percentage of the carbon dioxide in the treated stream and large volumes of carbon dioxide as determined by the Secretary.
(B) Sequestration
Projects that capture carbon dioxide from industrial sources that are near suitable geological reservoirs and could continue sequestration including—
(i) a field testing validation activity under section 16293 of this title; or
(ii) other geologic sequestration projects approved by the Secretary.
(4) Requirement
For projects that generate carbon dioxide that is to be sequestered, the carbon dioxide stream shall be of a sufficient purity level to allow for safe transport and sequestration.
(5) Cost-sharing
The cost-sharing requirements of section 16352 of this title for research and development projects shall apply to this section.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $200,000,000 per year for fiscal years 2009 through 2013.
(Pub. L. 110–140, title VII, § 703, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1708.)
heading: Short Title
text: Subtitle A (§§ 701–708) of title VII of Pub. L. 110–140, which is classified principally to this part, is known as the “Department of Energy Carbon Capture and Sequestration Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 2007”. See Short Title note set out under section 17001 of this title.