dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 13004 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13004. Authorization of appropriations
(a) Sections 13001b and 13002
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out sections 13001b and 13002 of this title, $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 and 2005.
(b) Section 13003
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 13003 of this title, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 and 2005.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 214B, formerly § 214, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4794; renumbered § 214B and amended Pub. L. 102–586, § 6(b)(1), (e), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5029, 5034; Pub. L. 104–235, title II, § 232, Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3092; Pub. L. 108–21, title III, § 381(b), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 667.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2003—Pub. L. 108–21 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section authorized appropriations to carry out sections 13001b and 13002 of $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as necessary in fiscal years 1994 through 2000 and appropriations to carry out section 13003 of $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as necessary in fiscal years 1994 through 2000.
1996—Subsecs. (a)(2), (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–235 substituted “1996, and each of the fiscal years 1997 through 2000” for “and 1996”.
1992—Pub. L. 102–586, § 6(e), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section authorized appropriations to carry out this subchapter of $20,000,000 in fiscal year 1991 and such sums as may be necessary in fiscal years 1992 and 1993 and provided that not less than 90 percent was to be used for grants under section 13002 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 13011 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13011. Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) Court Appointed Special Advocates, who may serve as guardians ad litem, are trained volunteers appointed by courts to advocate for the best interests of children who are involved in the juvenile and family court system due to abuse or neglect; and
(2) in 2003, Court Appointed Special Advocate volunteers represented 288,000 children, more than 50 percent of the estimated 540,000 children in foster care because of substantiated cases of child abuse or neglect.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 215, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4794; Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 112(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2985.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2006—Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 109–162 added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2), which read as follows:
“(1) the National Court-Appointed Special Advocate provides training and technical assistance to a network of 13,000 volunteers in 377 programs operating in 47 States; and
“(2) in 1988, these volunteers represented 40,000 children, representing approximately 15 percent of the estimated 270,000 cases of child abuse and neglect in juvenile and family courts.”
42 U.S.C. § 13012 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13012. Purpose
The purpose of this subchapter is to ensure that by January 1, 2015, a court-appointed special advocate shall be available to every victim of child abuse or neglect in the United States that needs such an advocate.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 216, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4794; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40156(a)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1923; Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 112(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2986; Pub. L. 113–4, title I, § 106(1), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 77.)
heading: Amendment of Section
text: For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 113–4, see Effective Date of 2013 Amendment note below.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Pub. L. 113–4 substituted “January 1, 2015” for “January 1, 2010”.
2006—Pub. L. 109–162 substituted “January 1, 2010” for “January 1, 1995”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 made technical amendment to reference to this subchapter to correct reference to corresponding provision of original act.
heading: Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 113–4 not effective until the beginning of the fiscal year following Mar. 7, 2013, see section 4 of Pub. L. 113–4, set out as a note under section 2261 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
42 U.S.C. § 13013a (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13013a. Report
(a) Report required
Not later than December 31, 2006, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall submit to Congress a report on the types of activities funded by the National Court-Appointed Special Advocate Association and a comparison of outcomes in cases where court-appointed special advocates are involved and cases where court-appointed special advocates are not involved.
(b) Elements of report
The report submitted under subsection (a) of this section shall include information on the following:
(1) The types of activities the National Court-Appointed Special Advocate Association has funded since 1993.
(2) The outcomes in cases where court-appointed special advocates are involved as compared to cases where court-appointed special advocates are not involved, including—
(A) the length of time a child spends in foster care;
(B) the extent to which there is an increased provision of services;
(C) the percentage of cases permanently closed; and
(D) achievement of the permanent plan for reunification or adoption.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 218, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 112(d)(2), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2986.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 218 of Pub. L. 101–647 was renumbered section 219 and is classified to section 13014 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 13014 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13014. Authorization of appropriations
(a) Authorization
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $12,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018.
(b) Limitation
No funds are authorized to be appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter unless the aggregate amount appropriated to carry out title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) for such fiscal year is not less than the aggregate amount appropriated to carry out such title for the preceding fiscal year.
(c) Prohibition on lobbying
No funds authorized under this subchapter may be used for lobbying activities in contravention of OMB Circular No. A–122.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 219, formerly § 218, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4796; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40156(a)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title III, § 1302(a), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1511; renumbered § 219 and amended Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 112(d)(1), (e), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2986; Pub. L. 113–4, title I, § 106(3), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 77.)
heading: Amendment of Section
text: For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 113–4, see Effective Date of 2013 Amendment note below.
heading: References in Text
text: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 5611 et seq.) of chapter 72 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–4 substituted “fiscal years 2014 through 2018” for “fiscal years 2007 through 2011”.
2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–162, § 112(e)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $12,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2005.”
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–162, § 112(e)(2), added subsec. (c).
2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–386 added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—
“(1) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1996;
“(2) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
“(3) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
“(4) $9,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and
“(5) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.”
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter—
“(1) $5,000,000 in fiscal year 1991; and
“(2) such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter in each of fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994.”
heading: Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 113–4 not effective until the beginning of the fiscal year following Mar. 7, 2013, see section 4 of Pub. L. 113–4, set out as a note under section 2261 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
42 U.S.C. § 13021 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13021. Findings and purpose
(a) Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) a large number of juvenile and family courts are inundated with increasing numbers of cases due to increased reports of abuse and neglect, increasing drug-related maltreatment, and insufficient court resources;
(2) the amendments made to the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.] by the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 make substantial demands on the courts handling abuse and neglect cases, but provide no assistance to the courts to meet those demands;
(3) the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980 requires courts to—
(A) determine whether the agency made reasonable efforts to prevent foster care placement;
(B) approve voluntary nonjudicial placement; and
(C) provide procedural safeguards for parents when their parent-child relationship is affected;
(4) social welfare agencies press the courts to meet such requirements, yet scarce resources often dictate that courts comply pro forma without undertaking the meaningful judicial inquiry contemplated by Congress in the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980;
(5) compliance with the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980 and overall improvements in the judicial response to abuse and neglect cases can best come about through action by top level court administrators and judges with administrative functions who understand the unique aspects of decisions required in child abuse and neglect cases; and
(6) the Adoption 1 and Child Welfare Act of 1980 provides financial incentives to train welfare agency staff to meet the requirements, but provides no resources to train judges.
(b) Purpose
The purpose of this subchapter is to provide expanded technical assistance and training to judicial personnel and attorneys, particularly personnel and practitioners in juvenile and family courts, to improve the judicial system’s handling of child abuse and neglect cases with specific emphasis on the role of the courts in addressing reasonable efforts that can safely avoid unnecessary and unnecessarily prolonged foster care placement.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 221, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4796; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40156(b)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1923.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§ 301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of this title and Tables.
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 96–272, June 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 500, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1980 Amendments note set out under section 1305 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322 made technical amendment to reference to this subchapter to correct reference to corresponding provision of original act.
42 U.S.C. § 13022 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13022. Grants for juvenile and family court personnel
In order to improve the judicial system’s handling of child abuse and neglect cases, the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention shall make grants for the purpose of providing—
(1) technical assistance and training to judicial personnel and attorneys, particularly personnel and practitioners in juvenile and family courts; and
(2) administrative reform in juvenile and family courts.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 222, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4797.)
42 U.S.C. § 13023 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13023. Specialized technical assistance and training programs
(a) Grants to develop model programs
(1) The Administrator shall make grants to national organizations to develop 1 or more model technical assistance and training programs to improve the judicial system’s handling of child abuse and neglect cases.
(2) An organization to which a grant is made pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be one that has broad membership among juvenile and family court judges and has demonstrated experience in providing training and technical assistance for judges, attorneys, child welfare personnel, and lay child advocates.
(b) Grants to juvenile and family courts
(1) In order to improve the judicial system’s handling of child abuse and neglect cases, the Administrator shall make grants to State courts or judicial administrators for programs that provide or contract for, the implementation of—
(A) training and technical assistance to judicial personnel and attorneys in juvenile and family courts; and
(B) administrative reform in juvenile and family courts.
(2) The criteria established for the making of grants pursuant to paragraph (1) shall give priority to programs that improve—
(A) procedures for determining whether child service agencies have made reasonable efforts to prevent placement of children in foster care;
(B) procedures for determining whether child service agencies have, after placement of children in foster care, made reasonable efforts to reunite the family; and
(C) procedures for coordinating information and services among health professionals, social workers, law enforcement professionals, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and juvenile and family court personnel, consistent with subchapter I of this chapter.
(c) Grant criteria
The Administrator shall make grants under subsections (a) and (b) of this section consistent with sections 5666, 5673, and 5676 of this title.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 223, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4797; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, § 12221(b)(1)(D), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted “sections 5666, 5673, and 5676 of this title” for “section 5665a, 5673, and 5676 of this title”.
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 107–273 effective on the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, and applicable only with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 12223 of Pub. L. 107–273, as amended, set out as a note under section 5601 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 13024 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13024. Authorization of appropriations
(a) Authorization
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $2,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018.
(b) Use of funds
Of the amounts appropriated in subsection (a) of this section, not less than 80 percent shall be used for grants under section 13023(b) of this title.
(c) Limitation
No funds are authorized to be appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter unless the aggregate amount appropriated to carry out title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) for such fiscal year is not less than the aggregate amount appropriated to carry out such title for the preceding fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 224, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4798; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 40156(b)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1923; Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title III, § 1302(b), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1511; Pub. L. 113–4, title XI, § 1105, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 135.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 5611 et seq.) of chapter 72 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–4 substituted “$2,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018.” for “$2,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2005.”
2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–386 added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—
“(1) $750,000 for fiscal year 1996;
“(2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
“(3) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
“(4) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and
“(5) $2,300,000 for fiscal year 2000.”
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter—
“(1) $10,000,000 in fiscal year 1991; and
“(2) such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter in each of fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994.”
42 U.S.C. § 13032 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13032. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–401, title V, § 501(b)(1), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4251
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 227, as added Pub. L. 105–314, title VI, § 604(a), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2983; amended Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(1) [title I, § 121], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–23; Pub. L. 108–21, title V, § 508(a), Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 683; Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 130, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 601, required certain electronic communication service or remote computing service providers to report child pornography violations, established conditions for disclosure of the information reported, and limited civil liability and scope of reports by informants.
42 U.S.C. § 13051 to 13055 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 13051 to 13055. Repealed. Pub. L. 102–586, § 2(i)(2), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5015
text: Section 13051, Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 251, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4814, authorized Administrator to make grants to public and nonprofit private organizations to develop, establish, and support projects for juvenile offenders who are victims of child abuse or neglect.
text: Section 13052, Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 252, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4815, related to administrative requirements.
text: Section 13053, Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 253, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4815, provided that Administrator in making grants give priority to applicants with experience and not disapprove an application solely because applicant proposes treating or serving juveniles whose offenses were not serious crimes.
text: Section 13054, Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 254, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4815, authorized appropriations to carry out this subchapter.
text: Section 13055, Pub. L. 101–647, title II, § 255, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4815, defined “Administrator” and “juvenile” for purposes of this subchapter.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Pub. L. 102–586, § 2(i)(2), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5015, provided that the repeal by that section is effective Sept. 30, 1993.
42 U.S.C. § 13101 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13101. Findings and policy
(a) Findings
The Congress finds that:
(1) The United States of America annually produces millions of tons of pollution and spends tens of billions of dollars per year controlling this pollution.
(2) There are significant opportunities for industry to reduce or prevent pollution at the source through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use. Such changes offer industry substantial savings in reduced raw material, pollution control, and liability costs as well as help protect the environment and reduce risks to worker health and safety.
(3) The opportunities for source reduction are often not realized because existing regulations, and the industrial resources they require for compliance, focus upon treatment and disposal, rather than source reduction; existing regulations do not emphasize multi-media management of pollution; and businesses need information and technical assistance to overcome institutional barriers to the adoption of source reduction practices.
(4) Source reduction is fundamentally different and more desirable than waste management and pollution control. The Environmental Protection Agency needs to address the historical lack of attention to source reduction.
(5) As a first step in preventing pollution through source reduction, the Environmental Protection Agency must establish a source reduction program which collects and disseminates information, provides financial assistance to States, and implements the other activities provided for in this chapter.
(b) Policy
The Congress hereby declares it to be the national policy of the United States that pollution should be prevented or reduced at the source whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented should be recycled in an environmentally safe manner, whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an environmentally safe manner whenever feasible; and disposal or other release into the environment should be employed only as a last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe manner.
(Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, § 6602, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–321.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), was in the original “this subtitle”, meaning subtitle F (§§ 6501, 6601–6610) of title VI, Pub. L. 101–508, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of subtitle F to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, § 6601, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–321, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle F (§§ 6501, 6601–6610) of title VI of Pub. L. 101–508, enacting this chapter and section 4370c of this title] may be cited as the ‘Pollution Prevention Act of 1990’.”
42 U.S.C. § 13102 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 13102. Definitions
For purposes of this chapter—
(1) The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
(2) The term “Agency” means the Environmental Protection Agency.
(3) The term “toxic chemical” means any substance on the list described in section 11023(c) of this title.
(4) The term “release” has the same meaning as provided by section 11049(8) of this title.
(5)
(A) The term “source reduction” means any practice which—
(i) reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment (including fugitive emissions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and
(ii) reduces the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, or contaminants.
The term includes equipment or technology modifications, process or procedure modifications, reformulation or redesign of products, substitution of raw materials, and improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training, or inventory control.
(B) The term “source reduction” does not include any practice which alters the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics or the volume of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant through a process or activity which itself is not integral to and necessary for the production of a product or the providing of a service.
(6) The term “multi-media” means water, air, and land.
(7) The term “SIC codes” refers to the 2-digit code numbers used for classification of economic activity in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual.
(Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, § 6603, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–321.)