dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 16272 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16272. Nuclear energy research programs
(a) Nuclear Energy Research Initiative
The Secretary shall carry out a Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for research and development related to nuclear energy.
(b) Nuclear Energy Systems Support Program
The Secretary shall carry out a Nuclear Energy Systems Support Program to support research and development activities addressing reliability, availability, productivity, component aging, safety, and security of existing nuclear power plants.
(c) Nuclear Power 2010 Program
(1) In general
The Secretary shall carry out a Nuclear Power 2010 Program, consistent with recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee of the Department in the report entitled “A Roadmap to Deploy New Nuclear Power Plants in the United States by 2010” and dated October 2001.
(2) Administration
The Program shall include—
(A) use of the expertise and capabilities of industry, institutions of higher education, and National Laboratories in evaluation of advanced nuclear fuel cycles and fuels testing;
(B) consideration of a variety of reactor designs suitable for both developed and developing nations;
(C) participation of international collaborators in research, development, and design efforts, as appropriate; and
(D) encouragement for participation by institutions of higher education and industry.
(d) Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative
(1) In general
The Secretary shall carry out a Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative to develop an overall technology plan for and to support research and development necessary to make an informed technical decision about the most promising candidates for eventual commercial application.
(2) Administration
In conducting the Initiative, the Secretary shall examine advanced proliferation-resistant and passively safe reactor designs, including designs that—
(A) are economically competitive with other electric power generation plants;
(B) have higher efficiency, lower cost, and improved safety compared to reactors in operation on August 8, 2005;
(C) use fuels that are proliferation resistant and have substantially reduced production of high-level waste per unit of output; and
(D) use improved instrumentation.
(e) Reactor production of hydrogen
The Secretary shall carry out research to examine designs for high-temperature reactors capable of producing large-scale quantities of hydrogen.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 952, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 885.)
42 U.S.C. § 16273 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16273. Advanced fuel cycle initiative
(a) In general
The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, shall conduct an advanced fuel recycling technology research, development, and demonstration program (referred to in this section as the “program”) to evaluate proliferation-resistant fuel recycling and transmutation technologies that minimize environmental and public health and safety impacts as an alternative to aqueous reprocessing technologies deployed as of August 8, 2005, in support of evaluation of alternative national strategies for spent nuclear fuel and the Generation IV advanced reactor concepts.
(b) Annual review
The program shall be subject to annual review by the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee of the Department or other independent entity, as appropriate.
(c) International cooperation
In carrying out the program, the Secretary is encouraged to seek opportunities to enhance the progress of the program through international cooperation.
(d) Reports
The Secretary shall submit, as part of the annual budget submission of the Department, a report on the activities of the program.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 953, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 886.)
42 U.S.C. § 16274 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16274. University nuclear science and engineering support
(a) In general
The Secretary shall conduct a program to invest in human resources and infrastructure in the nuclear sciences and related fields, including health physics, nuclear engineering, and radiochemistry, consistent with missions of the Department related to civilian nuclear research, development, demonstration, and commercial application.
(b) Requirements
In carrying out the program under this section, the Secretary shall—
(1) conduct a graduate and undergraduate fellowship program to attract new and talented students, which may include fellowships for students to spend time at National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science, engineering, and health physics with a member of the National Laboratory staff acting as a mentor;
(2) conduct a junior faculty research initiation grant program to assist universities in recruiting and retaining new faculty in the nuclear sciences and engineering by awarding grants to junior faculty for research on issues related to nuclear energy engineering and science;
(3) support fundamental nuclear sciences, engineering, and health physics research through a nuclear engineering education and research program;
(4) encourage collaborative nuclear research among industry, National Laboratories, and universities; and
(5) support communication and outreach related to nuclear science, engineering, and health physics.
(c) University-National Laboratory interactions
The Secretary shall conduct—
(1) a fellowship program for professors at universities to spend sabbaticals at National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science and technology; and
(2) a visiting scientist program in which National Laboratory staff can spend time in academic nuclear science and engineering departments.
(d) Strengthening university research and training reactors and associated infrastructure
In carrying out the program under this section, the Secretary may support—
(1) converting research reactors from high-enrichment fuels to low-enrichment fuels and upgrading operational instrumentation;
(2) consortia of universities to broaden access to university research reactors;
(3) student training programs, in collaboration with the United States nuclear industry, in relicensing and upgrading reactors, including through the provision of technical assistance; and
(4) reactor improvements as part of a taking into consideration effort that emphasizes research, training, and education, including through the Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education Program or any similar program.
(e) Operations and maintenance
Funding for a project provided under this section may be used for a portion of the operating and maintenance costs of a research reactor at a university used in the project.
(f) Definition
In this section, the term “junior faculty” means a faculty member who was awarded a doctorate less than 10 years before receipt of an award from the grant program described in subsection (b)(2).
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 954, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 886.)
42 U.S.C. § 16274a (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16274a. Integrated University Program
(a) The Secretary of Energy, along with the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall establish an Integrated University Program.
(b) For the purposes of carrying out this section, $45,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated in each of fiscal years 2009 to 2019 as follows:
(1) $15,000,000 for the Department of Energy;
(2) $15,000,000 for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; and
(3) $15,000,000 for the National Nuclear Security Administration.
(c) Of the amounts authorized to carry out this section, $10,000,000 shall be used by each organization to support university research and development in areas relevant to their respective organization’s mission, and $5,000,000 shall be used by each organization to support a jointly implemented Nuclear Science and Engineering Grant Program that will support multiyear research projects that do not align with programmatic missions but are critical to maintaining the discipline of nuclear science and engineering.
(Pub. L. 111–8, div. C, title III, § 313, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 627.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2009, and also as part of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, and not as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 16275 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16275. Department of Energy civilian nuclear infrastructure and facilities
(a) In general
The Secretary shall operate and maintain infrastructure and facilities to support the nuclear energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial application programs, including radiological facilities management, isotope production, and facilities management.
(b) Duties
In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—
(1) develop an inventory of nuclear science and engineering facilities, equipment, expertise, and other assets at all of the National Laboratories;
(2) develop a prioritized list of nuclear science and engineering plant and equipment improvements needed at each of the National Laboratories;
(3) consider the available facilities and expertise at all National Laboratories and emphasize investments which complement rather than duplicate capabilities; and
(4) develop a timeline and a proposed budget for the completion of deferred maintenance on plant and equipment, with the goal of ensuring that Department programs under this part will be generally recognized to be among the best in the world.
(c) Plan
The Secretary shall develop a comprehensive plan for the facilities at the Idaho National Laboratory, especially taking into account the resources available at other National Laboratories. In developing the plan, the Secretary shall—
(1) evaluate the facilities planning processes utilized by other physical science and engineering research and development institutions, both in the United States and abroad, that are generally recognized as being among the best in the world, and consider how those processes might be adapted toward developing such facilities plan;
(2) avoid duplicating, moving, or transferring nuclear science and engineering facilities, equipment, expertise, and other assets that currently exist at other National Laboratories;
(3) consider the establishment of a national transuranic analytic chemistry laboratory as a user facility at the Idaho National Laboratory;
(4) include a plan to develop, if feasible, the Advanced Test Reactor and Test Reactor Area into a user facility that is more readily accessible to academic and industrial researchers;
(5) consider the establishment of a fast neutron source as a user facility;
(6) consider the establishment of new hot cells and the configuration of hot cells most likely to advance research, development, demonstration, and commercial application in nuclear science and engineering, especially in the context of the condition and availability of these facilities elsewhere in the National Laboratories; and
(7) include a timeline and a proposed budget for the completion of deferred maintenance on plant and equipment.
(d) Transmittal to Congress
Not later than 1 year after August 8, 2005, the Secretary shall transmit the plan under subsection (c) to Congress.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 955, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 887.)
42 U.S.C. § 16276 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16276. Security of nuclear facilities
The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, shall conduct a research and development program on cost-effective technologies for increasing—
(1) the safety of nuclear facilities from natural phenomena; and
(2) the security of nuclear facilities from deliberate attacks.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 956, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 888.)
42 U.S.C. § 16277 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16277. Alternatives to industrial radioactive sources
(a) Survey
(1) In general
Not later than August 1, 2006, the Secretary shall submit to Congress the results of a survey of industrial applications of large radioactive sources.
(2) Administration
The survey shall—
(A) consider well-logging sources as one class of industrial sources;
(B) include information on current domestic and international Department, Department of Defense, State Department, and commercial programs to manage and dispose of radioactive sources; and
(C) analyze available disposal options for currently deployed or future sources and, if deficiencies are noted for either deployed or future sources, recommend legislative options that Congress may consider to remedy identified deficiencies.
(b) Plan
(1) In general
In conjunction with the survey conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a research and development program to develop alternatives to sources described in subsection (a) that reduce safety, environmental, or proliferation risks to either workers using the sources or the public.
(2) Accelerators
Miniaturized particle accelerators for well-logging or other industrial applications and portable accelerators for production of short-lived radioactive materials at an industrial site shall be considered as part of the research and development efforts.
(3) Report
Not later than August 1, 2006, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the details of the program plan.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 957, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 888.)
42 U.S.C. § 16294 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16294. Research and development for coal mining technologies
(a) Establishment
The Secretary shall carry out a program for research and development on coal mining technologies.
(b) Cooperation
In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall cooperate with appropriate Federal agencies, coal producers, trade associations, equipment manufacturers, institutions of higher education with mining engineering departments, and other relevant entities.
(c) Program
The research and development activities carried out under this section shall—
(1) be guided by the mining research and development priorities identified by the Mining Industry of the Future Program and in the recommendations from relevant reports of the National Academy of Sciences on mining technologies;
(2) include activities exploring minimization of contaminants in mined coal that contribute to environmental concerns including development and demonstration of electromagnetic wave imaging ahead of mining operations;
(3) develop and demonstrate coal bed electromagnetic wave imaging, spectroscopic reservoir analysis technology, and techniques for horizontal drilling in order to—
(A) identify areas of high coal gas content;
(B) increase methane recovery efficiency;
(C) prevent spoilage of domestic coal reserves; and
(D) minimize water disposal associated with methane extraction; and
(4) expand mining research capabilities at institutions of higher education.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 964, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 892.)
42 U.S.C. § 16295 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16295. Oil and gas research programs
(a) In general
The Secretary shall conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of oil and gas, including—
(1) exploration and production;
(2) gas hydrates;
(3) reservoir life and extension;
(4) transportation and distribution infrastructure;
(5) ultraclean fuels;
(6) heavy oil, oil shale, and tar sands; and
(7) related environmental research.
(b) Objectives
The objectives of this program shall include advancing the science and technology available to domestic petroleum producers, particularly independent operators, to minimize the economic dislocation caused by the decline of domestic supplies of oil and natural gas resources.
(c) Natural gas and oil deposits report
Not later than 2 years after August 8, 2005, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit to Congress a report on the latest estimates of natural gas and oil reserves, reserves growth, and undiscovered resources in Federal and State waters off the coast of Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and Mississippi.
(d) Integrated clean power and energy research
(1) Establishment of center
The Secretary shall establish a national center or consortium of excellence in clean energy and power generation, using the resources of the Clean Power and Energy Research Consortium in existence on August 8, 2005, to address the critical dependence of the United States on energy and the need to reduce emissions.
(2) Focus areas
The center or consortium shall conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application on integrating the following 6 focus areas:
(A) Efficiency and reliability of gas turbines for power generation.
(B) Reduction in emissions from power generation.
(C) Promotion of energy conservation issues.
(D) Effectively using alternative fuels and renewable energy.
(E) Development of advanced materials technology for oil and gas exploration and use in harsh environments.
(F) Education on energy and power generation issues.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 965, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 892.)
42 U.S.C. § 16296 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16296. Low-volume oil and gas reservoir research program
(a) Definition of GIS
In this section, the term “GIS” means geographic information systems technology that facilitates the organization and management of data with a geographic component.
(b) Program
The Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application to maximize the productive capacity of marginal wells and reservoirs.
(c) Data collection
Under the program, the Secretary shall collect data on—
(1) the status and location of marginal wells and oil and gas reservoirs;
(2) the production capacity of marginal wells and oil and gas reservoirs;
(3) the location of low-pressure gathering facilities and pipelines; and
(4) the quantity of natural gas vented or flared in association with crude oil production.
(d) Analysis
Under the program, the Secretary shall—
(1) estimate the remaining producible reserves based on variable pipeline pressures; and
(2) recommend measures that will enable the continued production of those resources.
(e) Study
(1) In general
The Secretary may award a grant to an organization of States that contain significant numbers of marginal oil and natural gas wells to conduct an annual study of low-volume natural gas reservoirs.
(2) Organization with no GIS capabilities
If an organization receiving a grant under paragraph (1) does not have GIS capabilities, the organization shall contract with an institution of higher education with GIS capabilities.
(3) State geologists
The organization receiving a grant under paragraph (1) shall collaborate with the State geologist of each State being studied.
(f) Public information
The Secretary may use the data collected and analyzed under this section to produce maps and literature to disseminate to States to promote conservation of natural gas reserves.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 966, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 893.)
42 U.S.C. § 16297 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16297. Complex Well Technology Testing Facility
The Secretary, in coordination with industry leaders in extended research drilling technology, shall establish a Complex Well Technology Testing Facility at the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center to increase the range of extended drilling technologies.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 967, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 894.)
42 U.S.C. § 16313 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16313. Catalysis research program
(a) Establishment
The Secretary, acting through the Office of Science, shall support a program of research and development in catalysis science consistent with the statutory authorities of the Department related to research and development.
(b) Components
The program shall include efforts to—
(1) enable catalyst design using combinations of experimental and mechanistic methodologies coupled with computational modeling of catalytic reactions at the molecular level;
(2) develop techniques for high throughput synthesis, assay, and characterization at nanometer and subnanometer scales in-situ under actual operating conditions;
(3) synthesize catalysts with specific site architectures;
(4) conduct research on the use of precious metals for catalysis; and
(5) translate molecular understanding to the design of catalytic compounds.
(c) Duties of the Office of Science
In carrying out the program, the Director of the Office of Science shall—
(1) support both individual investigators and multidisciplinary teams of investigators to pioneer new approaches in catalytic design;
(2) develop, plan, construct, acquire, share, or operate special equipment or facilities for the use of investigators in collaboration with national user facilities, such as nanoscience and engineering centers;
(3) support technology transfer activities to benefit industry and other users of catalysis science and engineering; and
(4) coordinate research and development activities with industry and other Federal agencies.
(d) Assessment
Not later than 3 years after August 8, 2005, the Secretary shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences to—
(1) review the catalysis program to measure—
(A) gains made in the fundamental science of catalysis; and
(B) progress towards developing new fuels for energy production and material fabrication processes; and
(2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of the review.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 973, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 902.)
42 U.S.C. § 16314 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16314. Hydrogen
(a) In general
The Secretary shall conduct a program of fundamental research and development in support of programs authorized under subchapter VIII.
(b) Methods
The program shall include support for methods of generating hydrogen without the use of natural gas.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 974, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903.)
42 U.S.C. § 16315 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16315. Solid state lighting
The Secretary shall conduct a program of fundamental research on solid state lighting in support of the Next Generation Lighting Initiative carried out under section 16192 of this title.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 975, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903.)
42 U.S.C. § 16316 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16316. Advanced scientific computing research and development program
(1) In general
The Secretary shall conduct an advanced scientific computing research and development program that includes activities related to applied mathematics and activities authorized by the Department of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5541 et seq.).
(2) Goal
The Secretary shall carry out the program with the goal of supporting departmental missions, and providing the high-performance computational, networking, advanced visualization technologies, and workforce resources, that are required for world leadership in science.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 976(a), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Department of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 108–423, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400, which is classified principally to subchapter III (§ 5541 et seq.) of chapter 81 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5501 of Title 15 and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 16318 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 16318. Fission and fusion energy materials research program
(a) In general
Along with the budget request of the President submitted to Congress for fiscal year 2007, the Secretary shall establish a research and development program on material science issues presented by advanced fission reactors and the fusion energy program of the Department.
(b) Administration
In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall develop—
(1) a catalog of material properties required for applications described in subsection (a);
(2) theoretical models for materials possessing the required properties;
(3) benchmark models against existing data; and
(4) a roadmap to guide further research and development in the area covered by the program.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 978, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 904.)