dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 10304 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10304. Research concerning water resource-related problems deemed to be in national interest
(a) Grants; matching funds
(1) In addition to the grants authorized by section 10303 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to make grants, on a dollar-for-dollar matching basis, to the institutes established under such section, as well as other qualified educational institutions, private foundations, private firms, individuals, and agencies of local or State government for research concerning any aspect of a water resource-related problem which the Secretary may deem to be in the national interest. Such grants shall be made with such advice and review by peer or other expert groups of appropriate interdisciplinary composition as the Secretary deems appropriate on the basis of the merits of the project and the need for the knowledge such project is expected to produce upon completion.
(2) Research funded under this section should to the extent possible utilize the best qualified graduate students so the Nation profits from the education and training benefits resulting from the use of the latest in technological developments in solving water problems.
(b) Applications for grants
Each application for a grant under this section shall state the nature of the project to be undertaken, the period during which it will be pursued, the qualifications of the personnel who will direct and conduct it, the importance of the project to the Nation as well as to the region and State concerned, its relation to other research projects previously or currently being pursued, and the extent to which it will provide an opportunity for the training of water resources scientists.
(c) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary the sum of $10,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out this section for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1985, through September 30, 1995, such sums to remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 105, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(i), (j), Sept. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 853.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1990—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(i), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “In cases where the Secretary determines, in accordance with criteria established by him, that research under this section is of a basic nature which would not otherwise be undertaken, the Secretary may approve grants under this section with a matching requirement other than that specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection.”
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(j), substituted “$10,000,000” for “$20,000,000” and “1995” for “1989”.
42 U.S.C. § 10305 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10305. Development of water-related technology
(a) Grants; matching funds
(1) The Secretary shall make grants in addition to those authorized under sections 10303 and 10304 of this title for technology development concerning any aspect of water resources including water-related technology which the Secretary may deem to be of State, regional, or national importance. Activities funded under this section may be carried out by educational institutions, private firms, foundations, individuals, or agencies of State or local government. Care shall be taken to protect proprietary information of private individuals or firms associated with the technology.
(2) The Secretary may establish any condition for the matching of funds by the recipient of any grant or contract under this section which the Secretary considers to be in the best interest of the Nation considering the information transfer and technology needs of the Nation. However, in the case of institutes established by section 10303 of this title no match greater than that required under section 10303 of this title may be required.
(b) Applications for grants
Each application for a grant under this section shall state the nature of the project to be undertaken, the qualifications of the personnel who will direct and conduct it, facilities of the organization performing any technology development, the importance of the project to the Nation, region, and State concerned, and the potential benefit to be accrued.
(c) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary the sum of $6,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out this section for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1990, through September 30, 1995; such sums to remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 106, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(n), Sept. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 853.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1990—Pub. L. 101–397, in amending section generally, in subsec. (a)(1) struck out provision directing that grant be made on basis of merit and feasibility of project, in subsec. (a)(2) inserted provisions relating to match in the case of institutes established by section 10303 of this title, and in subsec. (c) substituted provisions authorizing $6,000,000 appropriation for fiscal years 1990 through 1995, for provisions authorizing the same sum for fiscal years 1985 through 1989, and struck out provisions authorizing obligation of funds under this section and par. (1) and (2) designations.
42 U.S.C. § 10306 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10306. Administrative costs
From the sums appropriated pursuant to this chapter, not more than 7.5 per centum shall be utilized for administrative costs.
(Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 107, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101; Pub. L. 109–471, § 2(f), Jan. 11, 2007, 120 Stat. 3553.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2007—Pub. L. 109–471 substituted “7.5” for “15”.
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 98–242, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 97, known as the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10301 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 10307 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10307. Types of research and development
The type of research and development to be undertaken under the authority of sections 10304 and 10305 of this title and to be encouraged by the institutes established under section 10303 of this title shall include the following:
(1) Aspects of the hydrologic cycle;
(2) Supply and demand for water;
(3) Demineralization of saline and other impaired waters;
(4) Conservation and best use of available supplies of water and methods of increasing such supplies;
(5) Water reuse;
(6) Depletion, contamination, and degradation of groundwater supplies;
(7) Improvements in the productivity of water when used for agricultural, municipal, and commercial purposes;
(8) The economic, legal, engineering, social, recreational, biological, geographic, ecological, and other aspects of water quality and quantity problems;
(9) Scientific information dissemination activities, including identifying, assembling, and interpreting the results of scientific and engineering research on water resources problems; and
(10) Providing means for improved communication of research results, having due regard for the varying conditions and needs for the respective States and regions.
(Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 108, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101; Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(k), (l), Sept. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 853.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1990—Par. (6). Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(k), which directed that “, contamination,” be inserted after “depletion”, was executed by making the insertion after “Depletion” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Par. (8). Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(l), inserted “quality and quantity” after “water”.
42 U.S.C. § 10308 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10308. Patent policy
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall be governed by the provisions of sections 5908 (except subsections (l) and (n)) and 5909 of this title with respect to patent policy and to the definition of title to and licensing of inventions made or conceived in the course of work performed, or under any contract or grant made, pursuant to this chapter. Subject to such patent policy, all research or development contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of this chapter shall be provided in such manner that all information, data, and know-how, regardless of their nature or mediums, resulting from such research and development shall (with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the Secretary may find to be necessary in the interest of national defense) be usefully available for practice by the general public.
(Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 109, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 98–242, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 97, known as the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10301 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 10309 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10309. New spending authority; amounts provided in advance
Any new spending authority described in subsection (c)(2)(A) or (B) of section 651 1 of title 2 which is provided under this chapter shall be effective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts.
(Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 111, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 651 of title 2, referred to in text, was amended by Pub. L. 105–33, title X, § 10116(a)(3), (5), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 691, by striking out subsec. (c) and redesignating former subsec. (d) as (c).
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 98–242, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 97, known as the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10301 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 10341 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10341. Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) there is an increasing threat of impairment to the quantity and quality of the Nation’s water resources due to, among other things, growing national needs, recurring drought in the Western States, point and nonpoint source pollution, and saltwater intrusion into existing groundwater supplies;
(2) many communities in the United States have water supplies containing high salinity levels or contaminants which pose health risks;
(3) the Nation needs to develop economical processes to treat existing water supplies that are contaminated;
(4) it is necessary to provide for research into new techniques to reclaim waste water and to convert saline and other contaminated waters to a quality suitable for municipal, industrial, agricultural, recreational, and other beneficial uses;
(5) there is very little Federal funding being applied to basic research in the field of treatment of contaminated water through membrane processes; and
(6) the treatment of contaminated water through membrane processes will solve a wide variety of water treatment problems, including compliance with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.] and the Safe Drinking Water Act [42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.].
(Pub. L. 102–490, § 2, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, referred to in par. (6), is act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, as amended generally by Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, which is classified generally to chapter 26 (§ 1251 et seq.) of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1251 of Title 33 and Tables.
The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in par. (6), is title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93–523, § 2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter XII (§ 300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of this title and Tables.
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 102–490, § 1, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Membrane Processes Research Act of 1992’.”
42 U.S.C. § 10342 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10342. Research program
The Director of the National Science Foundation shall establish a basic research program on membranes and membrane processes. Such program may be carried out through awarding grants, entering into contracts or cooperative agreements, or direct research.
(Pub. L. 102–490, § 3, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142.)
42 U.S.C. § 10343 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10343. Goals of research program
The goals of the research program established under section 10342 of this title shall be—
(1) the development of membranes resistant to degradation, bacterial or otherwise, thereby extending the life of such membranes;
(2) the development of membranes useful for the efficient and cost effective treatment of contaminated water; and
(3) the development of innovative technologies for membrane processes.
(Pub. L. 102–490, § 4, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142.)
42 U.S.C. § 10345 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10345. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the National Science Foundation, from sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, $2,500,000 for fiscal year 1993, for carrying out this chapter.
(Pub. L. 102–490, § 6, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3143.)
42 U.S.C. § 10361 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10361. Findings
Congress finds that—
(1) adequate and safe supplies of water are fundamental to the health, economy, security, and ecology of the United States;
(2) systematic data-gathering with respect to, and research and development of, the water resources of the United States will help ensure the continued existence of sufficient quantities of water to support—
(A) increasing populations;
(B) economic growth;
(C) irrigated agriculture;
(D) energy production; and
(E) the protection of aquatic ecosystems;
(3) global climate change poses a significant challenge to the protection and use of the water resources of the United States due to an increased uncertainty with respect to the timing, form, and geographical distribution of precipitation, which may have a substantial effect on the supplies of water for agricultural, hydroelectric power, industrial, domestic supply, and environmental needs;
(4) although States bear the primary responsibility and authority for managing the water resources of the United States, the Federal Government should support the States, as well as regional, local, and tribal governments, by carrying out—
(A) nationwide data collection and monitoring activities;
(B) relevant research; and
(C) activities to increase the efficiency of the use of water in the United States;
(5) Federal agencies that conduct water management and related activities have a responsibility—
(A) to take a lead role in assessing risks to the water resources of the United States (including risks posed by global climate change); and
(B) to develop strategies—
(i) to mitigate the potential impacts of each risk described in subparagraph (A); and
(ii) to help ensure that the long-term water resources management of the United States is sustainable and will ensure sustainable quantities of water;
(6) it is critical to continue and expand research and monitoring efforts—
(A) to improve the understanding of the variability of the water cycle; and
(B) to provide basic information necessary—
(i) to manage and efficiently use the water resources of the United States; and
(ii) to identify new supplies of water that are capable of being reclaimed; and
(7) the study of water use is vital—
(A) to the understanding of the impacts of human activity on water and ecological resources; and
(B) to the assessment of whether available surface and groundwater supplies will be available to meet the future needs of the United States.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title IX, § 9501, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1329.)
42 U.S.C. § 10365 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10365. Hydroelectric power assessment
(a) Duty of Secretary of Energy
The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Administrator of each Federal Power Marketing Administration, shall assess each effect of, and risk resulting from, global climate change with respect to water supplies that are required for the generation of hydroelectric power at each Federal water project that is applicable to a Federal Power Marketing Administration.
(b) Access to appropriate data
(1) In general
In carrying out each assessment under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall consult with the United States Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the program, and each appropriate State water resource agency, to ensure that the Secretary of Energy has access to the best available scientific information with respect to presently observed impacts and projected future impacts of global climate change on water supplies that are used to produce hydroelectric power.
(2) Access to data for certain assessments
In carrying out each assessment under subsection (a), with respect to the Bonneville Power Administration and the Western Area Power Administration, the Secretary of Energy shall consult with the Commissioner to access data and other information that—
(A) is collected by the Commissioner; and
(B) the Secretary of Energy determines to be necessary for the conduct of the assessment.
(c) Report
Not later than 2 years after March 30, 2009, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes—
(1) each effect of, and risk resulting from, global climate change with respect to—
(A) water supplies used for hydroelectric power generation; and
(B) power supplies marketed by each Federal Power Marketing Administration, pursuant to—
(i) long-term power contracts;
(ii) contingent capacity contracts; and
(iii) short-term sales; and
(2) each recommendation of the Administrator of each Federal Power Marketing Administration relating to any change in any operation or contracting practice of each Federal Power Marketing Administration to address each effect and risk described in paragraph (1), including the use of purchased power to meet long-term commitments of each Federal Power Marketing Administration.
(d) Authority
The Secretary of Energy may enter into contracts, grants, or other agreements with appropriate entities to carry out this section.
(e) Costs
(1) Nonreimbursable
Any costs incurred by the Secretary of Energy in carrying out this section shall be nonreimbursable.
(2) PMA costs
Each Federal Power Marketing Administration shall incur costs in carrying out this section only to the extent that appropriated funds are provided by the Secretary of Energy for that purpose.
(f) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2023, to remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title IX, § 9505, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1336.)
42 U.S.C. § 10369 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10369. Research agreement authority
The Secretary may enter into contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements, for periods not to exceed 5 years, to carry out research within the Bureau of Reclamation.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title IX, § 9509, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1346.)
42 U.S.C. § 10370 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10370. Effect
(a) In general
Nothing in this chapter supersedes or limits any existing authority provided, or responsibility conferred, by any provision of law.
(b) Effect on State water law
(1) In general
Nothing in this chapter preempts or affects any—
(A) State water law; or
(B) interstate compact governing water.
(2) Compliance required
The Secretary shall comply with applicable State water laws in carrying out this chapter.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title IX, § 9510, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1346.)
42 U.S.C. § 10401 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 10401. Short title; purpose
(a) Short title
This chapter may be cited as the “Family Violence Prevention and Services Act”.
(b) Purpose
It is the purpose of this chapter to—
(1) assist States and Indian tribes in efforts to increase public awareness about, and primary and secondary prevention of, family violence, domestic violence, and dating violence;
(2) assist States and Indian tribes in efforts to provide immediate shelter and supportive services for victims of family violence, domestic violence, or dating violence, and their dependents;
(3) provide for a national domestic violence hotline;
(4) provide for technical assistance and training relating to family violence, domestic violence, and dating violence programs to States and Indian tribes, local public agencies (including law enforcement agencies, courts, and legal, social service, and health care professionals in public agencies), nonprofit private organizations (including faith-based and charitable organizations, community-based organizations, and voluntary associations), tribal organizations, and other persons seeking such assistance and training.
(Pub. L. 98–457, title III, § 301, as added Pub. L. 111–320, title II, § 201, Dec. 20, 2010, 124 Stat. 3484.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 10401, Pub. L. 98–457, title III, § 302, Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1757; Pub. L. 102–295, title III, § 302, May 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 108–36, title IV, § 415(1), June 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 830, related to declaration of purpose, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 111–320. See subsec. (b) of this section.
A prior section 301 of Pub. L. 98–457, title III, Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1757, provided a short title for title III of Pub. L. 98–457 and was set out as a note under former section 10401 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 111–320.
heading: Study of Training Needs of Health Professionals
text: Pub. L. 105–392, title IV, § 407(b), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3589, related to study by the Institute of Medicine concerning the training needs of health professionals with respect to the detection and referral of victims of family or acquaintance violence and required the Institute to submit a report to Congress concerning such study not later than 2 years after Nov. 13, 1998.