dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
51 U.S.C. § 51101 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51101. Definitions
In this chapter—
(1) the definitions in section 50501 of this title apply.
(2) “commercial space transportation infrastructure development” includes—
(A) construction, improvement, design, and engineering of space transportation infrastructure in the United States; and
(B) technical studies to define how new or enhanced space transportation infrastructure can best meet the needs of the United States commercial space transportation industry.
(3) “project” means a project (or separate projects submitted together) to carry out commercial space transportation infrastructure development, including the combined submission of all projects to be undertaken at a particular site in a fiscal year.
(4) “project grant” means a grant of an amount by the Secretary of Transportation to a sponsor for one or more projects.
(5) “public agency” means a State or an agency of a State, a political subdivision of a State, or a tax-supported organization.
(6) “sponsor” means a public agency that, individually or jointly with one or more other public agencies, submits to the Secretary under this chapter an application for a project grant.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1343, § 70301 of title 49; renumbered § 70301 then § 51101 of title 51 and amended Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(A), (6)(A), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440–3442.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70301
15:5804(a).
Nov. 4, 1992, Pub. L. 102–588, § 505(a), 106 Stat. 5124.
Clause (1) is added to incorporate the definitions in 15:5802.
In clause (2), the word “includes” is substituted for “may include” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
In clause (5), the words “municipality or other” are omitted for consistency.
The text of 15:5804(5) is omitted as unnecessary because the complete name of the Secretary of Transportation is used the first time the term appears in a section.
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(A), successively renumbered section 70301 of title 49 and section 70301 of this title as this section.
Par. (1). Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(6)(A), substituted “section 50501 of this title” for “section 502 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1993 (15 U.S.C. 5802)”.
51 U.S.C. § 51102 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51102. Grant authority
(a) General Authority.—
To ensure the resiliency of the space transportation infrastructure of the United States, the Secretary of Transportation may make project grants to sponsors as provided in this chapter.
(b) Limitations.—
The Secretary may make a project grant under this chapter only if—
(1) at least 10 percent of the total cost of the project will be paid by the private sector; and
(2) the grant will not be for more than 50 percent of the total cost of the project.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1343, § 70302 of title 49; renumbered § 70302 then § 51102 of title 51, Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(B), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440, 3441.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70302(a)
15:5804(b) (1st sentence).
Nov. 4, 1992, Pub. L. 102–588, § 505(b) (1st sentence), (f), 106 Stat. 5125, 5127.
70302(b)
15:5804(f).
In subsection (a), the words “of the United States” are substituted for “Nation’s” for consistency.
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–314 successively renumbered section 70302 of title 49 and section 70302 of this title as this section.
51 U.S.C. § 51103 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51103. Grant applications
(a) General.—
A sponsor may submit to the Secretary of Transportation an application for a project grant. The application must state the project to be undertaken and be in the form and contain the information the Secretary requires.
(b) Considerations and Consultation.—
(1) In selecting proposed projects for grants under this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall consider—
(A) the contribution of the project to industry capabilities that serve the United States Government’s space transportation needs;
(B) the extent of industry’s financial contribution to the project;
(C) the extent of industry’s participation in the project;
(D) the positive impact of the project on the international competitiveness of the United States space transportation industry;
(E) the extent of State contributions to the project; and
(F) the impact of the project on launch operations and other activities at Government launch ranges.
(2) The Secretary of Transportation shall consult with the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the National Space and Aeronautics Administration, and the heads of other appropriate agencies of the Government about paragraph (1)(A) and (F) of this subsection.
(c) Requirements.—
The Secretary of Transportation may approve an application only if the Secretary is satisfied that—
(1) the project will contribute to the purposes of this chapter;
(2) the project is reasonably consistent with plans (existing at the time of approval of the project) of public agencies that are—
(A) authorized by the State in which the project is located; and
(B) responsible for the development of the area surrounding the project site;
(3) if the application proposes to use Government property, the specific consent of the head of the appropriate agency has been obtained;
(4) the project will be completed without unreasonable delay;
(5) the sponsor submitting the application has the legal authority to engage in the project; and
(6) any additional requirements prescribed by the Secretary have been met.
(d) Preference for Industry Contributions.—
The Secretary of Transportation shall give preference to applications for projects for which there will be greater industry financial contributions, all other factors being equal.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1344, § 70303 of title 49; renumbered § 70303 then § 51103 of title 51, Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(C), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440, 3441.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70303(a)
15:5804(d)(1).
Nov. 4, 1992, Pub. L. 102–588, § 505(c), (d), 106 Stat. 5125.
70303(b)(1)
15:5804(c)(1).
70303(b)(2)
15:5804(c)(2).
70303(c)
15:5804(d)(2).
70303(d)
15:5804(c)(3).
In subsection (a), the words “for one or more projects” are omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of “project” in section 70301 of the revised title.
In subsection (c)(5), the words “as proposed” are omitted as surplus.
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–314 successively renumbered section 70303 of title 49 and section 70303 of this title as this section.
51 U.S.C. § 51105 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 51105. Authorization of appropriations
Not more than $10,000,000 may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation to make grants under this chapter. Amounts appropriated under this section remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1345, § 70305 of title 49; renumbered § 70305 then § 51105 of title 51, Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (4)(E), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440, 3441.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70305
15:5804(b) (2d, last sentences).
Nov. 4, 1992, Pub. L. 102–588, § 505(b) (2d, last sentences), 106 Stat. 5125.
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Pub. L. 111–314 successively renumbered section 70305 of title 49 and section 70305 of this title as this section.
51 U.S.C. § 60112 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60112. Transfer of Landsat 6 program responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Secretary with respect to Landsat 6 shall be transferred to the Landsat Program Management, as agreed to between the Secretary and the Landsat Program Management, pursuant to section 60111 of this title.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3413.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60112
15 U.S.C. 5614.
Pub. L. 102–555, title I, § 104, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4170.
51 U.S.C. § 60113 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60113. Data policy for Landsat 7
(a) Landsat 7 Data Policy.—
The Landsat Program Management, in consultation with other appropriate United States Government agencies, shall develop a data policy for Landsat 7 which should—
(1) ensure that unenhanced data are available to all users at the cost of fulfilling user requests;
(2) ensure timely and dependable delivery of unenhanced data to the full spectrum of civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign users and the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive;
(3) ensure that the United States retains ownership of all unenhanced data generated by Landsat 7;
(4) support the development of the commercial market for remote sensing data;
(5) ensure that the provision of commercial value-added services based on remote sensing data remains exclusively the function of the private sector; and
(6) to the extent possible, ensure that the data distribution system for Landsat 7 is compatible with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System.
(b) Additional Data Policy Considerations.—
In addition, the data policy for Landsat 7 may provide for—
(1) United States private sector entities to operate ground receiving stations in the United States for Landsat 7 data;
(2) other means for direct access by private sector entities to unenhanced data from Landsat 7; and
(3) the United States Government to charge a per image fee, license fee, or other such fee to entities operating ground receiving stations or distributing Landsat 7 data.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3413.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60113
15 U.S.C. 5615(a), (b).
Pub. L. 102–555, title I, § 105(a), (b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4170.
51 U.S.C. § 60122 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60122. Conditions for operation
(a) License Required for Operation.—
No person that is subject to the jurisdiction or control of the United States may, directly or through any subsidiary or affiliate, operate any private remote sensing space system without a license pursuant to section 60121 of this title.
(b) Licensing Requirements.—
Any license issued pursuant to this subchapter shall specify that the licensee shall comply with all of the requirements of this chapter and shall—
(1) operate the system in such manner as to preserve the national security of the United States and to observe the international obligations of the United States in accordance with section 60146 of this title;
(2) make available to the government of any country (including the United States) unenhanced data collected by the system concerning the territory under the jurisdiction of such government as soon as such data are available and on reasonable terms and conditions;
(3) make unenhanced data designated by the Secretary in the license pursuant to section 60121(e) of this title available in accordance with section 60141 of this title;
(4) upon termination of operations under the license, make disposition of any satellites in space in a manner satisfactory to the President;
(5) furnish the Secretary with complete orbit and data collection characteristics of the system, and inform the Secretary immediately of any deviation; and
(6) notify the Secretary of any significant or substantial agreement the licensee intends to enter with a foreign nation, entity, or consortium involving foreign nations or entities.
(c) Additional Licensing Requirements for Landsat 6 Contractor.—
In addition to the requirements of subsection (b), any license issued pursuant to this subchapter to the Landsat 6 contractor shall specify that the Landsat 6 contractor shall—
(1) notify the Secretary of any value added activities (as defined by the Secretary by regulation) that will be conducted by the Landsat 6 contractor or by a subsidiary or affiliate; and
(2) if such activities are to be conducted, provide the Secretary with a plan for compliance with section 60141 of this title.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3415.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60122
15 U.S.C. 5622.
Pub. L. 102–555, title II, § 202, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4172; Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 107(f)(2), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2854.
In subsection (c), in the matter before paragraph (1), the words “subsection (b)” are substituted for “paragraph (b)” to correct an error in the law.
51 U.S.C. § 60123 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60123. Administrative authority of Secretary
(a) Functions.—
In order to carry out the responsibilities specified in this subchapter, the Secretary may—
(1) grant, condition, or transfer licenses under this chapter;
(2) seek an order of injunction or similar judicial determination from a district court of the United States with personal jurisdiction over the licensee to terminate, modify, or suspend licenses under this subchapter and to terminate licensed operations on an immediate basis, if the Secretary determines that the licensee has substantially failed to comply with any provisions of this chapter, with any terms, conditions, or restrictions of such license, or with any international obligations or national security concerns of the United States;
(3) provide penalties for noncompliance with the requirements of licenses or regulations issued under this subchapter, including civil penalties not to exceed $10,000 (each day of operation in violation of such licenses or regulations constituting a separate violation);
(4) compromise, modify, or remit any such civil penalty;
(5) issue subpoenas for any materials, documents, or records, or for the attendance and testimony of witnesses for the purpose of conducting a hearing under this section;
(6) seize any object, record, or report pursuant to a warrant from a magistrate based on a showing of probable cause to believe that such object, record, or report was used, is being used, or is likely to be used in violation of this chapter or the requirements of a license or regulation issued thereunder; and
(7) make investigations and inquiries and administer to or take from any person an oath, affirmation, or affidavit concerning any matter relating to the enforcement of this chapter.
(b) Review of Agency Action.—
Any applicant or licensee that makes a timely request for review of an adverse action pursuant to paragraph (1), (3), (5), or (6) of subsection (a) shall be entitled to adjudication by the Secretary on the record after an opportunity for any agency hearing with respect to such adverse action. Any final action by the Secretary under this subsection shall be subject to judicial review under chapter 7 of title 5.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3415.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60123
15 U.S.C. 5623.
Pub. L. 102–555, title II, § 203, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4172.
In subsection (a), at the end of paragraph (2), a semicolon is substituted for the period to correct an error in the law.
51 U.S.C. § 60124 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60124. Regulatory authority of Secretary
The Secretary may issue regulations to carry out this subchapter. Such regulations shall be promulgated only after public notice and comment in accordance with the provisions of section 553 of title 5.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3416.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60124
15 U.S.C. 5624.
Pub. L. 102–555, title II, § 204, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4173.
51 U.S.C. § 60125 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60125. Agency activities
(a) License Application and Issuance.—
A private sector party may apply for a license to operate a private remote sensing space system which utilizes, on a space-available basis, a civilian United States Government satellite or vehicle as a platform for such system. The Secretary, pursuant to this subchapter, may license such system if it meets all conditions of this subchapter and—
(1) the system operator agrees to reimburse the Government in a timely manner for all related costs incurred with respect to such utilization, including a reasonable and proportionate share of fixed, platform, data transmission, and launch costs; and
(2) such utilization would not interfere with or otherwise compromise intended civilian Government missions, as determined by the agency responsible for such civilian platform.
(b) Assistance.—
The Secretary may offer assistance to private sector parties in finding appropriate opportunities for such utilization.
(c) Agreements.—
To the extent provided in advance by appropriation Acts, any United States Government agency may enter into agreements for such utilization if such agreements are consistent with such agency’s mission and statutory authority, and if such remote sensing space system is licensed by the Secretary before commencing operation.
(d) Applicability.—
This section does not apply to activities carried out under subchapter IV.
(e) Effect on FCC Authority.—
Nothing in this subchapter shall affect the authority of the Federal Communications Commission pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3416.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60125
15 U.S.C. 5625.
Pub. L. 102–555, title II, § 205, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4173.
heading: References in Text
text: The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (e), is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telecommunications. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.
51 U.S.C. § 60131 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60131. Continued Federal research and development
(a) Roles of Administration and Department of Defense.—
(1) In general.—
The Administrator and the Secretary of Defense are directed to continue and to enhance programs of remote sensing research and development.
(2) Administration activities authorized and encouraged.—
The Administrator is authorized and encouraged to—
(A) conduct experimental space remote sensing programs (including applications demonstration programs and basic research at universities);
(B) develop remote sensing technologies and techniques, including those needed for monitoring the Earth and its environment; and
(C) conduct such research and development in cooperation with other United States Government agencies and with public and private research entities (including private industry, universities, non-profit organizations, State and local governments, foreign governments, and international organizations) and to enter into arrangements (including joint ventures) which will foster such cooperation.
(b) Roles of Department of Agriculture and Department of the Interior.—
(1) In general.—
In order to enhance the ability of the United States to manage and utilize its renewable and nonrenewable resources, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior are authorized and encouraged to conduct programs of research and development in the applications of remote sensing using funds appropriated for such purposes.
(2) Activities that may be included.—
Such programs may include basic research at universities, demonstrations of applications, and cooperative activities involving other Government agencies, private sector parties, and foreign and international organizations.
(c) Role of Other Federal Agencies.—
Other United States Government agencies are authorized and encouraged to conduct research and development on the use of remote sensing in the fulfillment of their authorized missions, using funds appropriated for such purposes.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3417.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60131
15 U.S.C. 5631.
Pub. L. 102–555, title III, § 301, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4174.
51 U.S.C. § 60132 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60132. Availability of federally gathered unenhanced data
(a) In General.—
All unenhanced land remote sensing data gathered and owned by the United States Government, including unenhanced data gathered under the technology demonstration program carried out pursuant to section 60133 of this title, shall be made available to users in a timely fashion.
(b) Protection for Commercial Data Distributor.—
The President shall seek to ensure that unenhanced data gathered under the technology demonstration program carried out pursuant to section 60133 of this title shall, to the extent practicable, be made available on terms that would not adversely affect the commercial market for unenhanced data gathered by the Landsat 6 spacecraft.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3417.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60132
15 U.S.C. 5632.
Pub. L. 102–555, title III, § 302, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4174.
In subsection (b), the word “affect” is substituted for “effect” to correct an error in the law.
51 U.S.C. § 60133 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60133. Technology demonstration program
(a) Establishment.—
As a fundamental component of a national land remote sensing strategy, the President shall establish, through appropriate United States Government agencies, a technology demonstration program. The goals of the program shall be to—
(1) seek to launch advanced land remote sensing system components within 5 years after October 28, 1992;
(2) demonstrate within such 5-year period advanced sensor capabilities suitable for use in the anticipated land remote sensing program; and
(3) demonstrate within such 5-year period an advanced land remote sensing system design that could be less expensive to procure and operate than the Landsat system projected to be in operation through the year 2000, and that therefore holds greater potential for private sector investment and control.
(b) Execution of Program.—
In executing the technology demonstration program, the President shall seek to apply technologies associated with United States National Technical Means of intelligence gathering, to the extent that such technologies are appropriate for the technology demonstration and can be declassified for such purposes without causing adverse harm to United States national security interests.
(c) Broad Application.—
To the greatest extent practicable, the technology demonstration program established under subsection (a) shall be designed to be responsive to the broad civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign policy needs of the United States.
(d) Private Sector Funding.—
The technology demonstration program under this section may be carried out in part with private sector funding.
(e) Landsat Program Management Coordination.—
The Landsat Program Management shall have a coordinating role in the technology demonstration program carried out under this section.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3418.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60133
15 U.S.C. 5633(a)–(e).
Pub. L. 102–555, title III, § 303(a)–(e), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4174.
In subsection (a)(1), the date “October 28, 1992” is substituted for “the date of the enactment of this Act” to reflect the date of enactment of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4163). At the end of paragraph (1), a semicolon is substituted for the period to correct an error in the law.