dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
44 U.S.C. § 4101 (PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS)
§ 4101. Electronic directory; online access to publications; electronic storage facility
(a) In General.—
The Superintendent of Documents, under the direction of the Public Printer, shall—
(1) maintain an electronic directory of Federal electronic information;
(2) provide a system of online access to the Congressional Record, the Federal Register, and, as determined by the Superintendent of Documents, other appropriate publications distributed by the Superintendent of Documents; and
(3) operate an electronic storage facility for Federal electronic information to which online access is made available under paragraph (2).
(b) Departmental Requests.—
To the extent practicable, the Superintendent of Documents shall accommodate any request by the head of a department or agency to include in the system of access referred to in subsection (a)(2) information that is under the control of the department or agency involved.
(c) Consultation.—
In carrying out this section, the Superintendent of Documents shall consult—
(1) users of the directory and the system of access provided for under subsection (a); and
(2) other providers of similar information services.
The purpose of such consultation shall be to assess the quality and value of the directory and the system, in light of user needs.
(Added Pub. L. 103–40, § 2(a), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 112.)
heading: Status Report
text: Pub. L. 103–40, § 3, June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113, provided that: “Not later than June 30, 1994, the Public Printer shall submit to the Congress a report on the status of the directory, the system of access, and the electronic storage facility referred to in section 4101 of title 44, United States Code, as added by section 2(a).”
heading: Operational Deadline
text: Pub. L. 103–40, § 4(a), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113, provided that: “The directory, the system of access, and the electronic storage facility referred to in section 4101 of title 44, United States Code, as added by section 2(a), shall be operational not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 8, 1993].”
44 U.S.C. § 4102 (PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS)
§ 4102. Fees
(a) In General.—
The Superintendent of Documents, under the direction of the Public Printer, may charge reasonable fees for use of the directory and the system of access provided for under section 4101, except that use of the directory and the system shall be made available to depository libraries without charge. The fees received shall be treated in the same manner as moneys received from sale of documents under section 1702 of this title.
(b) Cost Recovery.—
The fees charged under this section shall be set so as to recover the incremental cost of dissemination of the information involved, with the cost to be computed without regard to section 1708 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 103–40, § 2(a), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113.)
44 U.S.C. § 4103 (PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS)
§ 4103. Biennial report
Not later than December 31 of each odd-numbered year, the Public Printer shall submit to the Congress, with respect to the two preceding fiscal years, a report on the directory, the system of access, and the electronic storage facility referred to in section 4101(a). The report shall include a description of the functions involved, including a statement of cost savings in comparison with traditional forms of information distribution.
(Added Pub. L. 103–40, § 2(a), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113.)
heading: First Biennial Report
text: Pub. L. 103–40, § 4(b), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 114, provided that: “The first report referred to in section 4103 of title 44, United States Code, as added by section 2(a), shall be submitted not later than December 31, 1995.”
45 U.S.C. § 15 (RAILROADS)
§ 15. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–449, § 7(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2444
text: Section, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, § 6, 36 Stat. 299; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(C), 80 Stat. 939, provided that it was the duty of the Secretary of Transportation to enforce the provisions of sections 11 to 16 of this title as to equipment of each car with safety appliances and that all powers theretofore granted to the Interstate Commerce Commission were extended to the Secretary for the purpose of such enforcement. See section 501(b) of Title 49, Transportation.
45 U.S.C. § 16 (RAILROADS)
§ 16. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379
text: Section, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, § 1, 36 Stat. 298; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(3)(E), 102 Stat. 632, defined “railroad” as used in sections 1 to 16 of this title. See section 20102 of Title 49, Transportation.
45 U.S.C. § 17 to 21 (RAILROADS)
§§ 17 to 21. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 705, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2580
text: Section 17, act May 30, 1908, ch. 225, §§ 1, 2, 35 Stat. 476, related to locomotives to be equipped with safety ash pans.
text: Section 18, acts May 30, 1908, ch. 225, § 3, 35 Stat. 476; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 1, 62 Stat. 909; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(D), 80 Stat. 939, set forth penalties for violations and authorized United States attorneys to bring actions for enforcement of provisions.
text: Section 19, acts May 30, 1908, ch. 225, § 4, 35 Stat. 476; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(D), 80 Stat. 939, provided for enforcement of the provisions of sections 17 to 21 of this title by the Secretary of Transportation.
text: Section 20, act May 30, 1908, ch. 225, § 5, 35 Stat. 476, specified those to be included in the term “common carrier”.
text: Section 21, act May 30, 1908, ch. 225, § 6, 35 Stat. 476, provided that the provisions of sections 17 to 21 of this title not be applicable to locomotives on which an ash pan is not necessary.
45 U.S.C. § 44 to 46 (RAILROADS)
§§ 44 to 46. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Sections 44 to 46 were transferred to sections 1201 to 1203, respectively, of former Title 49, Transportation, and were subsequently repealed and restated in section 80504 of Title 49, Transportation, by Pub. L. 103–272, §§ 1(e), 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1358, 1379.
Section 44, acts Feb. 23, 1905, ch. 744, § 1, 33 Stat. 743; June 13, 1957, Pub. L. 85–50, § 1(1), 71 Stat. 69, related to awards for acts of heroism involving railroads or motor vehicles.
Section 45, act Feb. 23, 1905, ch. 744, § 2, 33 Stat. 743, related to issuance of rosettes and ribbons.
Section 46, acts Feb. 23, 1905, ch. 744, § 3, 33 Stat. 743; June 13, 1957, Pub. L. 85–50, § 1(2), 71 Stat. 69, related to authorization of appropriations for carrying out sections 44 and 45 of this title.
45 U.S.C. § 51 (RAILROADS)
§ 51. Liability of common carriers by railroad, in interstate or foreign commerce, for injuries to employees from negligence; employee defined
Every common carrier by railroad while engaging in commerce between any of the several States or Territories, or between any of the States and Territories, or between the District of Columbia and any of the States or Territories, or between the District of Columbia or any of the States or Territories and any foreign nation or nations, shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in such commerce, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her personal representative, for the benefit of the surviving widow or husband and children of such employee; and, if none, then of such employee’s parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin dependent upon such employee, for such injury or death resulting in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, or other equipment.
Any employee of a carrier, any part of whose duties as such employee shall be the furtherance of interstate or foreign commerce; or shall, in any way directly or closely and substantially, affect such commerce as above set forth shall, for the purposes of this chapter, be considered as being employed by such carrier in such commerce and shall be considered as entitled to the benefits of this chapter.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 1, 35 Stat. 65; Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, § 1, 53 Stat. 1404.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1939—Act Aug. 11, 1939, inserted last par.
heading: Short Title
text: The Act of Apr. 22, 1908, as amended, which comprises this chapter, is popularly known as the “Employers’ Liability Act”.
The following are also popularly known as Employers’ Liability Acts:
June 11, 1906, ch. 3073, 34 Stat. 232 [Unconstitutional].
Apr. 5, 1910, ch. 143, 36 Stat. 291. See sections 56 and 59 of this title.
Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, 53 Stat. 1404. See sections 51, 54, 56, and 60 of this title.
45 U.S.C. § 52 (RAILROADS)
§ 52. Carriers in Territories or other possessions of United States
Every common carrier by railroad in the Territories, the District of Columbia, the Panama Canal Zone, or other possessions of the United States shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in any of said jurisdictions, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her personal representative, for the benefit of the surviving widow or husband and children of such employee; and, if none, then of such employee’s parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin dependent upon such employee, for such injury or death resulting in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, or other equipment.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 2, 35 Stat. 65.)
45 U.S.C. § 53 (RAILROADS)
§ 53. Contributory negligence; diminution of damages
In all actions on and after April 22, 1908 brought against any such common carrier by railroad under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this chapter to recover damages for personal injuries to an employee, or where such injuries have resulted in his death, the fact that the employee may have been guilty of contributory negligence shall not bar a recovery, but the damages shall be diminished by the jury in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to such employee: Provided, That no such employee who may be injured or killed shall be held to have been guilty of contributory negligence in any case where the violation by such common carrier of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury or death of such employee.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 3, 35 Stat. 66.)
45 U.S.C. § 54 (RAILROADS)
§ 54. Assumption of risks of employment
In any action brought against any common carrier under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this chapter to recover damages for injuries to, or the death of, any of its employees, such employee shall not be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case where such injury or death resulted in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier; and no employee shall be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case where the violation by such common carrier of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury or death of such employee.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 4, 35 Stat. 66; Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, § 1, 53 Stat. 1404.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1939—Act Aug. 11, 1939, inserted “where such injury or death resulted in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier; and no employee shall be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case” after “of his employment in any case”.
45 U.S.C. § 54a (RAILROADS)
§ 54a. Certain Federal and State regulations deemed statutory authority
A regulation, standard, or requirement in force, or prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 201 of title 49 or by a State agency that is participating in investigative and surveillance activities under section 20105 of title 49, is deemed to be a statute under sections 53 and 54 of this title.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 4A, as added Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(i), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1365.)
45 U.S.C. § 55 (RAILROADS)
§ 55. Contract, rule, regulation, or device exempting from liability; set-off
Any contract, rule, regulation, or device whatsoever, the purpose or intent of which shall be to enable any common carrier to exempt itself from any liability created by this chapter, shall to that extent be void: Provided, That in any action brought against any such common carrier under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this chapter, such common carrier may set off therein any sum it has contributed or paid to any insurance, relief benefit, or indemnity that may have been paid to the injured employee or the person entitled thereto on account of the injury or death for which said action was brought.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 5, 35 Stat. 66.)
45 U.S.C. § 56 (RAILROADS)
§ 56. Actions; limitation; concurrent jurisdiction of courts
No action shall be maintained under this chapter unless commenced within three years from the day the cause of action accrued.
Under this chapter an action may be brought in a district court of the United States, in the district of the residence of the defendant, or in which the cause of action arose, or in which the defendant shall be doing business at the time of commencing such action. The jurisdiction of the courts of the United States under this chapter shall be concurrent with that of the courts of the several States.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 6, 35 Stat. 66; Apr. 5, 1910, ch. 143, § 1, 36 Stat. 291; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167; Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, § 2, 53 Stat. 1404; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 18, 62 Stat. 989.)
heading: Codification
text: The first par. of this section is from act Apr. 22, 1908.
The second par. of this section is from act Apr. 5, 1910.
heading: Amendments
text: 1948—Act June 25, 1948, struck out provision in last sentence relating to removal of actions.
1939—Act Aug. 11, 1939, changed limitation in first sentence from two to three years.
heading: Change of Name
text: “District court” substituted in text for “circuit court” to conform to act Mar. 3, 1911, which transferred powers and duties of circuit courts to district courts.
heading: Effective Date of 1948 Amendment
text: Act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 38, 62 Stat. 992, provided that the amendment made by that act is effective Sept. 1, 1948.
45 U.S.C. § 58 (RAILROADS)
§ 58. Duty or liability of common carriers and rights of employees under other acts not impaired
Nothing in this chapter shall be held to limit the duty or liability of common carriers or to impair the rights of their employees under any other Act or Acts of Congress.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 8, 35 Stat. 66.)
45 U.S.C. § 59 (RAILROADS)
§ 59. Survival of right of action of person injured
Any right of action given by this chapter to a person suffering injury shall survive to his or her personal representative, for the benefit of the surviving widow or husband and children of such employee, and, if none, then of such employee’s parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin dependent upon such employee, but in such cases there shall be only one recovery for the same injury.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 9, as added Apr. 5, 1910, ch. 143, § 2, 36 Stat. 291.)
45 U.S.C. § 60 (RAILROADS)
§ 60. Penalty for suppression of voluntary information incident to accidents; separability
Any contract, rule, regulation, or device whatsoever, the purpose, intent, or effect of which shall be to prevent employees of any common carrier from furnishing voluntarily information to a person in interest as to the facts incident to the injury or death of any employee, shall be void, and whoever, by threat, intimidation, order, rule, contract, regulation, or device whatsoever, shall attempt to prevent any person from furnishing voluntarily such information to a person in interest, or whoever discharges or otherwise disciplines or attempts to discipline any employee for furnishing voluntarily such information to a person in interest, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, for each offense: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to void any contract, rule, or regulation with respect to any information contained in the files of the carrier, or other privileged or confidential reports.
If any provision of this chapter is declared unconstitutional or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the chapter and the applicability of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
(Apr. 22, 1908, ch. 149, § 10, as added Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 685, § 3, 53 Stat. 1404.)
45 U.S.C. § 65, 66 (RAILROADS)
§§ 65, 66. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–287, § 10(b), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3401
text: Section 65, act Sept. 3, 5, 1916, ch. 436, § 1, 39 Stat. 721, established eight hour work day for employees of railroads. See section 28301 of Title 49, Transportation.
text: Section 66, act Sept. 3, 5, 1916, ch. 436, § 4, 39 Stat. 722, provided penalty for violation of section 65 of this title. See section 28302 of Title 49, Transportation.
heading: Short Title
text: Act Sept. 3, 5, 1916, ch. 436, 39 Stat. 721, which enacted sections 65 and 66 of this title, was popularly known as the “Adamson Law”.
45 U.S.C. § 71 to 74 (RAILROADS)
§§ 71 to 74. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379
text: Section 71, act June 29, 1906, ch. 3594, § 1, 34 Stat. 607, related to transportation of animals, provided maximum time for their confinement while in transit, unloading for rest and feeding, and included special provision for unloading sheep. See section 80502 of Title 49, Transportation.
text: Section 72, act June 29, 1906, ch. 3594, § 2, 34 Stat. 608, provided that animals in transit were to be fed and watered by or at expense of owner and that railroad was to have a lien upon such animals for food, care, and custody. See section 80502 of Title 49.
text: Section 73, act June 29, 1906, ch. 3594, § 3, 34 Stat. 608, provided penalty for failure to comply with provisions of sections 71 and 72 of this title with proviso that provisions regarding unloading of animals would not apply when animals in transit had proper food, water, space, and opportunity to rest. See section 80502 of Title 49.
text: Section 74, acts June 29, 1906, ch. 3594, § 4, 34 Stat. 608; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167, provided that penalty created by section 73 of this title was recoverable by civil action and that United States attorneys had duty to prosecute violations of this chapter. See section 80502 of Title 49.
heading: Short Title
text: Act June 29, 1906, ch. 3594, 34 Stat. 607, which enacted this chapter and which was repealed by Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379, was popularly known as the “Live Stock Transportation Act” and also as the “Cruelty to Animals Act”, “Twenty-Eight Hour Law”, and “Food and Rest Law”.
45 U.S.C. § 75, 76 (RAILROADS)
§§ 75, 76. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section 75, acts Mar. 3, 1891, ch. 521, § 1, 26 Stat. 833; May 28, 1928, ch. 824, 45 Stat. 789, relating to rules as to accommodations for export animals, was transferred to section 466a of Title 46, Shipping, and subsequently repealed and reenacted as section 3901 of Title 46 by Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 500. Section 3901 of Title 46 was subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10418(a)(20), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 508.
Section 76, acts Mar. 3, 1891, ch. 521, § 2, 26 Stat. 833; May 28, 1928, ch. 824, 45 Stat. 790, relating to penalties for rule violations, was transferred to section 466b of Title 46, and subsequently repealed and reenacted as section 3902 of Title 46 by Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 500. Section 3902 of Title 46 was subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10418(a)(20), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 508.
45 U.S.C. § 81 to 92 (RAILROADS)
§§ 81 to 92. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379
text: Section 81, R.S. § 5256; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–598, title III, § 322(g), 92 Stat. 2679, related to Union Pacific Railroad Company, its books, records, correspondence, other documents, dividends, stock issuance, mortgages or pledges, and directors or officers.
text: Section 82, R.S. § 5257, provided for connection of other roads with Union Pacific Railroad or any of its branches.
text: Section 83, acts July 2, 1864, ch. 216, § 15, 13 Stat. 362; June 20, 1874, ch. 331, 18 Stat. 111; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167, provided that companies authorized by Pacific Railroad Acts to construct railroads were required to operate roads and telegraphs as one continuous line and to afford equal advantages and facilities as to rates, time, and transportation to the other companies without discrimination.
text: Section 84, R.S. § 5258, authorized interstate transport by railroads.
text: Section 85, R.S. § 5259, related to compensation of directors, engineers, commissioners, or other agents appointed by the United States to examine roads or to act in conjunction with other officers of railroads or other corporations receiving land grants or other subsidies.
text: Section 86, R.S. § 5260, related to withholding by Secretary of the Treasury of payments to certain railroads.
text: Section 87, R.S. § 5261; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 4, 62 Stat. 986; Apr. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 161(8), 96 Stat. 49; Oct. 29, 1992, Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, § 902(b)(2), 106 Stat. 4516, provided that companies from whom payments for freight and transportation had been withheld under provisions of section 86 of this title could sue in Court of Federal Claims.
text: Section 88, R.S. § 5262; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167, related to jurisdiction of proper United States district court to hear and determine all cases of mandamus to compel Union Pacific Railroad Company to operate its road.
text: Section 89, acts June 22, 1874, ch. 414, 18 Stat. 200; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167, directed Secretary of the Treasury to require that railroad companies, their successors and assigns, pay United States a percentage of net earnings as provided for by law.
text: Section 90, act Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 183, § 1, 20 Stat. 420, authorized Secretary of the Treasury to settle accounts of Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Kansas Pacific, Western Pacific, and Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Companies for services provided to Government in transporting the Army and mails.
text: Section 91, act Mar. 3, 1897, ch. 386, 29 Stat. 663, provided that provisions of section 90 of this title were extended and made applicable to Navy and Marine Corps transportation.
text: Section 92, act Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 831, § 1, 31 Stat. 1023, authorized and directed Secretary of the Treasury to settle claims stemming from Government transportation over non-bond-aided lines.
45 U.S.C. § 92a (RAILROADS)
§ 92a. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 53, 70A Stat. 641
text: Section 92a, acts Feb. 14, 1933, ch. 51, 47 Stat. 800; Mar. 2, 1933, ch. 187, 47 Stat. 1424, related to compensation of certain railroads for transportation of property and troops of United States. See section 10721 of Title 49, Transportation.
text: Prior to repeal, section was classified to section 1375b of former Title 10, Army and Air Force.
45 U.S.C. § 94, 95 (RAILROADS)
§§ 94, 95. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379
text: Section 94, act Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 345, § 4, 24 Stat. 491, authorized Secretary of the Treasury, whenever deemed necessary by President, to redeem liens, mortgages, or other incumbrances paramount to right, title, or interest of United States in railroad property.
text: Section 95, act Mar. 3, 1887, ch. 345, § 5, 24 Stat. 492, related to permissible investments of sinking funds held to secure debts of railroad companies to United States.