dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 18363 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18363. Disposition of orbiter vehicles
(a) In general
Upon the termination of the Space Shuttle program as provided in section 18362 of this title, the Administrator shall decommission any remaining Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles according to established safety and historic preservation procedures prior to their designation as surplus government property. The orbiter vehicles shall be made available and located for display and maintenance through a competitive procedure established pursuant to the disposition plan developed under section 613(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 17761(a)),1 with priority consideration given to eligible applicants meeting all conditions of that plan which would provide for the display and maintenance of orbiters at locations with the best potential value to the public, including where the location of the orbiters can advance educational opportunities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, and with an historical relationship with either the launch, flight operations, or processing of the Space Shuttle orbiters or the retrieval of NASA manned space vehicles, or significant contributions to human space flight. The Smithsonian Institution, which, as of October 11, 2001, houses the Space Shuttle Enterprise, shall determine any new location for the Enterprise.
(b) Display and maintenance
The orbiter vehicles made available under subsection (a) shall be displayed and maintained through agreements and procedures established pursuant to section 613(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 17761(a)).1
(c) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. The amounts authorized to be appropriated by this subsection shall be in addition to any amounts authorized to be appropriated by title I, and may be requested by the President as supplemental requirements, if needed, in the appropriate fiscal years.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VI, § 603, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2829.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 613(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is section 613(a) of Pub. L. 110–422, formerly classified to section 17761(a) of this title, which was transferred and is set out as a note under section 70501 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
Title I, referred to in subsec. (c), is title I of Pub. L. 111–267, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2809, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 18371 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18371. Interagency collaboration implementation approach
The Director of OSTP shall establish a mechanism to ensure greater coordination of the research, operations, and activities relating to civilian Earth observation of those Agencies, including NASA, that have active programs that either contribute directly or indirectly to these areas. This mechanism should include the development of a strategic implementation plan that is updated at least every 3 years, and includes a process for external independent advisory input. This plan should include a description of the responsibilities of the various Agency roles in Earth observations, recommended cost-sharing and procurement arrangements between Agencies and other entities, including international arrangements, and a plan for ensuring the provision of sustained, long term space-based climate observations. The Director shall provide a report to Congress within 90 days after October 11, 2010, on the implementation plan for this mechanism.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VII, § 702, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2830.)
42 U.S.C. § 18372 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18372. Transitioning experimental research to operations
The Administrator shall coordinate with the Administrator of NOAA and the Director of the United States Geological Survey to establish a formal mechanism that plans, coordinates, and supports the transitioning of NASA research findings, assets, and capabilities to NOAA operations and United States Geological Survey operations. In defining this mechanism, NASA should consider the establishment of a formal or informal Interagency Transition Office. The Administrator of NASA shall provide an implementation plan for this mechanism to Congress within 90 days after October 11, 2010.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VII, § 703, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2830.)
42 U.S.C. § 18373 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18373. Decadal Survey missions implementation for Earth observation
The Administrator shall undertake to implement, as appropriate, missions identified in the National Research Council’s Earth Science Decadal Survey within the scope of the funds authorized for the Earth Science Mission Directorate.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VII, § 704, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2831.)
42 U.S.C. § 18374 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18374. Instrument test-beds and venture class missions
The Administrator shall pursue innovative ways to fly instrument-level payloads for early demonstration or as co-manifested payloads. The Congress encourages the use of the ISS as an accessible platform for the conduct of such activities. Additionally, in order to address the cost and schedule challenges associated with large flight systems, NASA should pursue smaller systems where practicable and warranted.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VII, § 706, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2831.)
42 U.S.C. § 18381 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18381. Technology development
The Administrator shall ensure that the Science Mission Directorate maintains a long term technology development program for space and Earth science. This effort should be coordinated with an overall Agency technology investment approach, as authorized in section 905 of this Act.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 801, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2832.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 905 of this Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 905, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2836, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 18382 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18382. Suborbital research activities
(a) In general
The report of the National Academy of Sciences, Revitalizing NASA’s Suborbital Program: Advancing Science, Driving Innovation and Developing Workforce, found that suborbital science missions were absolutely critical to building an aerospace workforce capable of meeting the needs of current and future human and robotic space exploration.
(b) Management
The Administrator shall designate an officer or employee of the Science Mission Directorate to act as the responsible official for all Suborbital Research in the Science Mission Directorate. The designee shall be responsible for the development of short- and long term strategic plans for maintaining, renewing and extending suborbital facilities and capabilities, monitoring progress towards goals in the plans, and be responsible for integration of suborbital activities and workforce development within the agency, thereby ensuring the long term recognition of their combined value to the directorate, to NASA, and to the Nation.
(c) Establishment of Suborbital Research Program
The Administrator shall establish a Suborbital Research Program within the Science Mission Directorate that shall include the use of sounding rockets, aircraft, high altitude balloons, suborbital reusable launch vehicles, and commercial launch vehicles to advance science and train the next generation of scientists and engineers in systems engineering and systems integration which are vital to maintaining critical skills in the aerospace workforce. The program shall integrate existing suborbital research programs with orbital missions at the discretion of the designated officer or employee and shall emphasize the participation of undergraduate and graduate students and post-doctoral researchers when formulating announcements of opportunity.
(d) Report
The Administrator shall report to the appropriate committees of Congress on the number and type of suborbital missions conducted in each fiscal year and the number of undergraduate and graduate students participating in the missions. The report shall be made annually for each fiscal year under this section.
(e) Authorization
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2832.)
42 U.S.C. § 18383 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18383. In-space servicing
The Administrator shall continue to take all necessary steps to ensure that provisions are made for in-space or human servicing and repair of all future observatory-class scientific spacecraft intended to be deployed in Earth-orbit or at a Lagrangian point to the extent practicable and appropriate. The Administrator should ensure that agency investments and future capabilities for space technology, robotics, and human space flight take the ability to service and repair these spacecraft into account, where appropriate, and incorporate such capabilities into design and operational plans.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 804, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2833.)
42 U.S.C. § 18384 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18384. Decadal results
NASA shall take into account the current decadal surveys from the National Academies’ Space Studies Board when submitting the President’s budget request to the Congress.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 805, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2833.)
42 U.S.C. § 18385 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18385. On-going restoration of radioisotope thermoelectric generator material production
(a) Findings
The Congress finds the following:
(1) The United States has led the world in the scientific exploration of space for nearly 50 years.
(2) Missions such as Viking, Voyager, Cassini, and New Horizons have greatly expanded knowledge of our solar system and planetary characteristics and evolution.
(3) Radioisotope power systems are the only available power sources for deep space missions making it possible to travel to such distant destinations as Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, and beyond and maintain operational control and systems viability for extended mission durations.
(4) Current radioisotope power systems supplies and production will not fully support NASA missions planned even in the next decade and, without a new domestic production capability, the United States will no longer have the means to explore the majority of the solar system by the end of this decade.
(5) Continuing to rely on Russia or other foreign sources for radioisotope power system fuel production is not a secure option.
(6) Reestablishing domestic production will require a long lead-time. Thus, meeting future space exploration mission needs requires that a restart project begin at the earliest opportunity.
(b) In general
The Administrator shall, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, pursue a joint approach beginning in fiscal year 2011 towards restarting and sustaining the domestic production of radioisotope thermoelectric generator material for deep space and other science and exploration missions. Funds authorized by this chapter for NASA shall be made available under a reimbursable agreement with the Department of Energy for the purpose of reestablishing facilities to produce fuel required for radioisotope thermoelectric generators to enable future missions.
(c) Report
Within 120 days after October 11, 2010, the Administrator and the Secretary of Energy shall submit a joint report to the appropriate committees of Congress on coordinated agreements, planned implementation, and anticipated schedule, production quantities, and mission applications under this section.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 806, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2833.)
42 U.S.C. § 18386 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18386. Collaboration with ESMD and SOMD on robotic missions
The Administrator shall ensure that the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate and the Space Operations Mission Directorate coordinate with the Science Mission Directorate on an overall approach and plan for interagency and international collaboration on robotic missions that are NASA or internationally developed, including lunar, Lagrangian, near-Earth orbit, and Mars spacecraft, such as the International Lunar Network. Within 90 days after October 11, 2010, the Administrator shall provide a plan to the appropriate committees of Congress for implementation of the collaborative approach required by this section. The Administrator may not cancel or initiate any Exploration Systems Mission Directorate or Science Mission Directorate robotic project before the plan is submitted to the appropriate committees of Congress.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 807, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2834.)
42 U.S.C. § 18387 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18387. Near-Earth object survey and policy with respect to threats posed
(a) Policy reaffirmation
Congress reaffirms the policy set forth in section 20102(g) of title 51 relating to surveying near-Earth asteroids and comets.
(b) Implementation
The Director of the OSTP shall implement, before September 30, 2012, a policy for notifying Federal agencies and relevant emergency response institutions of an impending near-Earth object threat if near-term public safety is at risk, and assign a Federal agency or agencies to be responsible for protecting the United States and working with the international community on such threats.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 808, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2834.)
heading: Codification
text: In subsec. (a), “section 20102(g) of title 51” substituted for “section 102(g) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2451(g))” on authority of Pub. L. 111–314, § 5(e), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443, which Act enacted Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.
42 U.S.C. § 18388 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18388. Space weather
(a) Findings
The Congress finds the following:
(1) Space weather events pose a significant threat to modern technological systems.
(2) The effects of severe space weather events on the electric power grid, telecommunications and entertainment satellites, airline communications during polar routes, and space-based position, navigation and timing systems could have significant societal, economic, national security, and health impacts.
(3) Earth and Space Observing satellites, such as the Advanced Composition Explorer, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, Polar Operational Environmental Satellites, and Defense Meteorological Satellites, provide crucial data necessary to predict space weather events.
(b) Action required
The Director of OSTP shall—
(1) improve the Nation’s ability to prepare, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather events;
(2) coordinate the operational activities of the National Space Weather Program Council members, including the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center and the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency; and
(3) submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress within 180 days after October 11, 2010, that—
(A) details the current data sources, both space- and ground-based, that are necessary for space weather forecasting; and
(B) details the space- and ground-based systems that will be required to gather data necessary for space weather forecasting for the next 10 years.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title VIII, § 809, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2834.)
42 U.S.C. § 18401 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18401. Aeronautics research goals
The Administrator should ensure that NASA maintains a strong aeronautics research portfolio ranging from fundamental research through systems research with specific research goals, including the following:
(1) Airspace capacity
NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate shall address research needs of the Next Generation Air Transportation System, including the ability of the National Airspace System to handle up to 3 times the current travel demand by 2025.
(2) Environmental sustainability
The Directorate shall consider and pursue concepts to reduce noise, emissions, and fuel consumption while maintaining high safety standards and shall pursue research related to alternative fuels.
(3) Aviation safety
The Directorate shall proactively address safety challenges with new and current air vehicles and with operations in the Nation’s current and future air transportation system.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 902, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2835.)
42 U.S.C. § 18402 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18402. Research collaboration
(a) Department of Defense
The Administrator shall continue to coordinate with the Secretary of Defense, through the National Partnership for Aeronautics Testing, to develop and implement joint plans for those elements of the Nation’s research, development, testing, and engineering infrastructure that are of common interest and use.
(b) Federal Aviation Administration
The Administrator shall continue to coordinate with, and work closely with, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, under the framework of the Senior Policy Council, in development of the Next Generation Air Transportation Program. The Administrator shall encourage the Council to explore areas for greater collaboration, including areas where NASA can help to accelerate the development and demonstration of NextGen technologies.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 903, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2835.)
42 U.S.C. § 18403 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18403. Goal for Agency space technology
It is critical that NASA maintain an Agency space technology base that helps align mission directorate investments and supports long term needs to complement mission-directorate funded research and support, where appropriate, multiple users, building upon its Innovative Partnerships Program and other partnering approaches.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 904, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2836.)
42 U.S.C. § 18405 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18405. Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program
(a) In general
The report of the National Academy of Sciences, Revitalizing NASA’s Suborbital Program: Advancing Science, Driving Innovation and Developing Workforce, found that suborbital science missions were absolutely critical to building an aerospace workforce capable of meeting the needs of current and future human and robotic space exploration.
(b) Management
The Administrator shall designate an officer or employee of the Space Technology Program to act as the responsible official for the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program in the Space Technology Program. The designee shall be responsible for the development of short- and long term strategic plans for maintaining, renewing and extending suborbital facilities and capabilities.
(c) Establishment
The Administrator shall establish a Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program within the Space Technology Program that shall fund the development of payloads for scientific research, technology development, and education, and shall provide flight opportunities for those payloads to microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes. The Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program may fund engineering and integration demonstrations, proofs of concept, or educational experiments for commercial reusable vehicle flights. The program shall endeavor to work with NASA’s Mission Directorates to help achieve NASA’s research, technology, and education goals.
(d) Report
The Administrator shall submit a report annually to the appropriate committees of Congress describing progress in carrying out the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research program, including the number and type of suborbital missions planned in each fiscal year.
(e) Authorization
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2013 to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title IX, § 907, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2837.)
42 U.S.C. § 18431 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18431. Workforce stabilization and critical skills preservation
Prior to receipt by the Congress of the study, recommendations, and implementation strategy developed pursuant to section 1103,1 none of the funds authorized for use under this Act may be used to transfer the functions, missions, or activities, and associated civil service and contractor positions, from any NASA facility without authorization by the Congress to implement the proposed strategy. The Administrator shall preserve the critical skills and competencies in place at NASA centers prior to October 11, 2010, in order to facilitate timely implementation of the requirements of this chapter and to minimize disruption to the workforce. The Administrator may not implement any reduction-in-force or other involuntary separations of permanent, non-Senior-Executive-Service, civil servant employees before September 30, 2013, except for cause on charges of misconduct, delinquency, or inefficiency.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title XI, § 1105, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2840.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1103, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 111–267, title XI, § 1103, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2840, which is not classified to the Code.
This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 111–267, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2805, known as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010, which enacted this chapter (§ 18301 et seq.) and various other provisions, including provisions authorizing appropriations, which were not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 18301 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 18441 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 18441. National and international orbital debris mitigation
(a) Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) A national and international effort is needed to develop a coordinated approach towards the prevention, negation, and removal of orbital debris.
(2) The guidelines issued by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee provide a consensus understanding of 10 national space agencies (including NASA) plus the European Space Agency on the necessity of mitigating the creation of space debris and measures for doing so. NASA’s participation on the Committee should be robust, and NASA should urge other space-relevant Federal agencies (including the Departments of State, Defense, and Commerce) to work to ensure that their counterpart agencies in foreign governments are aware of these national commitments and the importance in which the United States holds them.
(3) Key components of such an approach should include—
(A) a process for debris prevention through agreements regarding spacecraft design, operations, and end-of-life disposition plans to minimize orbiting vehicles or elements which are nonfunctional;
(B) the development of a robust Space Situational Awareness network that can identify potential collisions and provide sufficient trajectory and orbital data to enable avoidance maneuvers;
(C) the interagency development of an overall strategy for review by the President, with recommendations for proposed international collaborative efforts to address this challenge.
(b) International discussion
(1) In general
The Administrator shall, in consultation with such other departments and agencies of the Federal Government as the Administrator considers appropriate, continue and strengthen discussions with the representatives of other space-faring countries, within the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee and elsewhere, to deal with this orbital debris mitigation.
(2) Interagency effort
For purposes of carrying out this subsection, the Director of OSTP, in coordination with the Director of the National Security Council and using the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology coordinating mechanism, shall develop an overall strategy for review by the President, with recommendations for proposed international collaborative efforts to address this challenge.
(Pub. L. 111–267, title XII, § 1202, Oct. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2841.)