dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
51 U.S.C. § 60305 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60305. Data availability
The Administrator shall ensure that the results of each of the pilot projects completed under section 60303 of this title shall be retrievable through an electronic, internet-accessible database.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3424.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60305
42 U.S.C. 16675.
Pub. L. 109–155, title III, § 315, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2922.
51 U.S.C. § 60306 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60306. Education
The Administrator shall establish an educational outreach program to increase awareness at institutions of higher education and State, local, regional, and tribal agencies of the potential applications of remote sensing and other geospatial information and awareness of the need for geospatial workforce development.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3424.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60306
42 U.S.C. 16676.
Pub. L. 109–155, title III, § 316, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2922.
51 U.S.C. § 60502 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60502. Transitioning experimental research into operational services
(a) Interagency Process.—
The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consultation with the Administrator, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other relevant stakeholders, shall develop a process to transition, when appropriate, Administration Earth science and space weather missions or sensors into operational status. The process shall include coordination of annual agency budget requests as required to execute the transitions.
(b) Responsible Agency Official.—
The Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall each designate an agency official who shall have the responsibility for and authority to lead the Administration’s and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s transition activities and interagency coordination.
(c) Plan.—
For each mission or sensor that is determined to be appropriate for transition under subsection (a), the Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall transmit to Congress a joint plan for conducting the transition. The plan shall include the strategy, milestones, and budget required to execute the transition. The transition plan shall be transmitted to Congress no later than 60 days after the successful completion of the mission or sensor critical design review.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60502(a)
42 U.S.C. 17712(b).
Pub. L. 110–422, title II, § 204(b), (c), (d), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4785.
60502(b)
42 U.S.C. 17712(c).
60502(c)
42 U.S.C. 17712(d).
51 U.S.C. § 60503 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60503. Reauthorization of Glory Mission
Congress reauthorizes the Administration to continue with development of the Glory Mission, which will examine how aerosols and solar energy affect the Earth’s climate.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60503
42 U.S.C. 17713(a).
Pub. L. 110–422, title II, § 206(a), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4785.
51 U.S.C. § 60504 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60504. Tornadoes and other severe storms
The Administrator shall ensure that the Administration gives high priority to those parts of its existing cooperative activities with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that are related to the study of tornadoes and other severe storms, tornado-force winds, and other factors determined to influence the development of tornadoes and other severe storms, with the goal of improving the Nation’s ability to predict tornados and other severe storms. Further, the Administrator shall examine whether there are additional cooperative activities with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that should be undertaken in the area of tornado and severe storm research.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60504
42 U.S.C. 17714.
Pub. L. 110–422, title II, § 208, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4786.
51 U.S.C. § 60505 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60505. Coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(a) Joint Working Group.—
The Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall appoint a Joint Working Group, which shall review and monitor missions of the two agencies to ensure maximum coordination in the design, operation, and transition of missions where appropriate. The Joint Working Group shall also prepare the plans required by subsection (c).
(b) Coordination Report.—
Not later than February 15 of each year, the Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall jointly transmit a report to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on how the Earth science programs of the Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will be coordinated during the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the report is transmitted.
(c) Coordination of Transition Planning and Reporting.—
The Administrator, in conjunction with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in consultation with other relevant agencies, shall evaluate relevant Administration science missions for their potential operational capabilities and shall prepare transition plans for the existing and future Earth observing systems found to have potential operational capabilities.
(d) Limitation.—
The Administrator shall not transfer any Administration Earth science mission or Earth observing system to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration until the plan required under subsection (c) has been approved by the Administrator and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and until financial resources have been identified to support the transition or transfer in the President’s budget request for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3426.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60505
42 U.S.C. 16656.
Pub. L. 109–155, title III, § 306, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2919.
In subsection (b), the words “beginning with the first fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act [December 30, 2005]” are omitted as obsolete.
In subsection (b), the words “Committee on Science and Technology” are substituted for “Committee on Science” on authority of Rule X(1)(o) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007).
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
51 U.S.C. § 60506 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 60506. Sharing of climate related data
The Administrator shall work to ensure that the Administration’s policies on the sharing of climate related data respond to the recommendations of the Government Accountability Office’s report on climate change research and data-sharing policies and to the recommendations on the processing, distribution, and archiving of data by the National Academies Earth Science Decadal Survey, “Earth Science and Applications from Space”, and other relevant National Academies reports, to enhance and facilitate their availability and widest possible use to ensure public access to accurate and current data on global warming.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3426.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
60506
42 U.S.C. 17825(c).
Pub. L. 110–422, title XI, § 1109(c), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4811.
51 U.S.C. § 70101 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70101. Recovery of fair value of placing Department of Defense payloads in orbit with space shuttle
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, or any interagency agreement, the Administrator shall charge such prices as are necessary to recover the fair value of placing Department of Defense payloads into orbit by means of the space shuttle.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3427.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70101
42 U.S.C. 2464.
Pub. L. 97–324, title I, § 106(a), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1600.
51 U.S.C. § 70102 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70102. Space shuttle use policy
(a) Use Policy.—
(1) In general.—
(A) Policy.—
It shall be the policy of the United States to use the space shuttle—
(i) for purposes that require a human presence;
(ii) for purposes that require the unique capabilities of the space shuttle; or
(iii) when other compelling circumstances exist.
(B) Definition of compelling circumstances.—
In this paragraph, the term “compelling circumstances” includes, but is not limited to, occasions when the Administrator determines, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State, that important national security or foreign policy interests would be served by a shuttle launch.
(2) Using available cargo space for secondary payloads.—
The policy stated in paragraph (1) shall not preclude the use of available cargo space, on a space shuttle mission otherwise consistent with the policy described in paragraph (1), for the purpose of carrying secondary payloads (as defined by the Administrator) that do not require a human presence if such payloads are consistent with the requirements of research, development, demonstration, scientific, commercial, and educational programs authorized by the Administrator.
(b) Annual Report.—
At least annually, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report certifying that the payloads scheduled to be launched on the space shuttle for the next 4 years are consistent with the policy set forth in subsection (a)(1). For each payload scheduled to be launched from the space shuttle that does not require a human presence, the Administrator shall, in the certified report to Congress, state the specific circumstances that justified the use of the space shuttle. If, during the period between scheduled reports to Congress, any additions are made to the list of certified payloads intended to be launched from the shuttle, the Administrator shall inform Congress of the additions and the reasons therefor within 45 days of the change.
(c) Administration Payloads.—
The report described in subsection (b) shall also include those Administration payloads designed solely to fly on the space shuttle which have begun the phase C/D of its development cycle.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3427.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70102(a)
42 U.S.C. 2465a(a).
Pub. L. 101–611, title I, § 112(a), (c), (d), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3198, 3199.
70102(b)
42 U.S.C. 2465a(c).
70102(c)
42 U.S.C. 2465a(d).
51 U.S.C. § 70103 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70103. Commercial payloads on space shuttle
(a) Definitions.—
In this section:
(1) Launch vehicle.—
The term “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or placing a payload in, outer space.
(2) Payload.—
The term “payload” means an object which a person undertakes to place in outer space by means of a launch vehicle, and includes subcomponents of the launch vehicle specifically designed or adapted for that object.
(b) In General.—
Commercial payloads may not be accepted for launch as primary payloads on the space shuttle unless the Administrator determines that—
(1) the payload requires the unique capabilities of the space shuttle; or
(2) launching of the payload on the space shuttle is important for either national security or foreign policy purposes.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3428.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70103(a)
42 U.S.C. 2465c.
Pub. L. 101–611, title II, § 203, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3206; Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 203(2), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2855.
70103(b)
42 U.S.C. 2465f.
Pub. L. 101–611, title II, § 206, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3207; Pub. L. 105–303, title II, § 203(4), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2855.
In subsection (a), the words “this section” are substituted for “this title”, meaning title II of Public Law 101–611, because title II of Public Law 101–611 was previously repealed except for section 201 (a short title provision, classified to 42 U.S.C. 2451 note, in which neither defined term appears) and sections 203 (42 U.S.C. 2465c) and 206 (42 U.S.C. 2465f) of Public Law 101–611, which are restated in this section.
51 U.S.C. § 70301 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70301. Congressional findings and declarations
Congress finds and declares that—
(1) the Space Transportation System is a vital element of the United States space program, contributing to the United States leadership in space research, technology, and development;
(2) the Space Transportation System is the primary space launch system for both United States national security and civil government missions;
(3) the Space Transportation System contributes to the expansion of United States private sector investment and involvement in space and therefore should serve commercial users;
(4) the availability of the Space Transportation System to foreign users for peaceful purposes is an important means of promoting international cooperative activities in the national interest and in maintaining access to space for activities which enhance the security and welfare of humankind;
(5) the United States is committed to maintaining world leadership in space transportation;
(6) making the Space Transportation System fully operational and cost effective in providing routine access to space will maximize the national economic benefits of the system; and
(7) national goals and the objectives for the Space Transportation System can be furthered by a stable and fair pricing policy for the Space Transportation System.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3428.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70301
42 U.S.C. 2466.
Pub. L. 99–170, title II, § 201, Dec. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 1017.
51 U.S.C. § 70302 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70302. Purpose, policy, and goals
The purpose of this chapter is to set, for commercial and foreign users, the reimbursement pricing policy for the Space Transportation System that is consistent with the findings included in section 70301 of this title, encourages the full and effective use of space, and is designed to achieve the following goals:
(1) The preservation of the role of the United States as a leader in space research, technology, and development.
(2) The efficient and cost effective use of the Space Transportation System.
(3) The achievement of greatly increased commercial space activity.
(4) The enhancement of the international competitive position of the United States.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3429.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70302
42 U.S.C. 2466a.
Pub. L. 99–170, title II, § 202, Dec. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 1017.
51 U.S.C. § 70303 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70303. Definition of additive cost
In this chapter, the term “additive cost” means the average direct and indirect costs to the Administration of providing additional flights of the Space Transportation System beyond the costs associated with those flights necessary to meet the space transportation needs of the United States Government.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3429.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70303
42 U.S.C. 2466b.
Pub. L. 99–170, title II, § 203, Dec. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 1017.
The definition of “Administrator” in section 203(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–170, 99 Stat. 1017) is omitted as unnecessary because of the definition added by section 10101 of title 51.
51 U.S.C. § 70502 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70502. Exploration plan and programs
The Administrator shall—
(1) construct an architecture and implementation plan for the Administration’s human exploration program that is not critically dependent on the achievement of milestones by fixed dates;
(2) implement an exploration technology development program to enable lunar human and robotic operations consistent with section 20302(b) of this title, including surface power to use on the Moon and other locations;
(3) conduct an in-situ resource utilization technology program to develop the capability to use space resources to increase independence from Earth, and sustain exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and
(4) pursue aggressively automated rendezvous and docking capabilities that can support the International Space Station and other mission requirements.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3430.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70502
42 U.S.C. 16763.
Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 503, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929.
51 U.S.C. § 70503 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70503. Ground-based analog capabilities
(a) In General.—
The Administrator may establish a ground-based analog capability in remote United States locations in order to assist in the development of lunar operations, life support, and in-situ resource utilization experience and capabilities.
(b) Environmental Characteristics.—
The Administrator shall select locations for the activities described in subsection (a) that—
(1) are regularly accessible;
(2) have significant temperature extremes and range; and
(3) have access to energy and natural resources (including geothermal, permafrost, volcanic, or other potential resources).
(c) Involvement of Local Populations and Private Sector Partners.—
In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall involve local populations, academia, and industrial partners as much as possible to ensure that ground-based benefits and applications are encouraged and developed.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3430.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70503
42 U.S.C. 16764.
Pub. L. 109–155, title V, § 504, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929.
51 U.S.C. § 70504 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70504. Stepping stone approach to exploration
In order to maximize the cost-effectiveness of the long-term exploration and utilization activities of the United States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, including engaging international partners, to ensure that activities in its lunar exploration program shall be designed and implemented in a manner that gives strong consideration to how those activities might also help meet the requirements of future exploration and utilization activities beyond the Moon. The timetable of the lunar phase of the long-term international exploration initiative shall be determined by the availability of funding. However, once an exploration-related project enters its development phase, the Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to complete that project without undue delays.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70504
42 U.S.C. 17731.
Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 403, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789.
51 U.S.C. § 70505 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70505. Lunar outpost
(a) Establishment.—
As the Administration works toward the establishment of a lunar outpost, the Administration shall make no plans that would require a lunar outpost to be occupied to maintain its viability. Any such outpost shall be operable as a human-tended facility capable of remote or autonomous operation for extended periods.
(b) Designation.—
The United States portion of the first human-tended outpost established on the surface of the Moon shall be designated the “Neil A. Armstrong Lunar Outpost”.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70505(a)
42 U.S.C. 17732(a).
Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 404(a), (b), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789.
70505(b)
42 U.S.C. 17732(b).
51 U.S.C. § 70506 (NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS)
§ 70506. Exploration technology research
The Administrator shall carry out a program of long-term exploration-related technology research and development, including such things as in-space propulsion, power systems, life support, and advanced avionics, that is not tied to specific flight projects. The program shall have the funding goal of ensuring that the technology research and development can be completed in a timely manner in order to support the safe, successful, and sustainable exploration of the solar system. In addition, in order to ensure that the broadest range of innovative concepts and technologies are captured, the long-term technology program shall have the goal of having a significant portion of its funding available for external grants and contracts with universities, research institutions, and industry.
(Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431.)
text: Historical and Revision Notes
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
70506
42 U.S.C. 17733(b).
Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 405(b), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789.
heading: Purpose
text: Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 405(a), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789, provided that: “A robust program of long-term exploration-related technology research and development will be essential for the success and sustainability of any enduring initiative of human and robotic exploration of the solar system.”
heading: Innovative Technologies for Human Space Flight
text: Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 313, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1594, provided that:
“(a) Establishment of Program.—
In order to promote a ‘faster, cheaper, better’ approach to the human exploration and development of space, the Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall establish a Human Space Flight Innovative Technologies program of ground-based and space-based research and development in innovative technologies. The program shall be part of the Technology and Commercialization program.
“(b) Awards.—
At least 75 percent of the amount appropriated for Technology and Commercialization under section 101(b)(4) [114 Stat. 1581] for any fiscal year shall be awarded through broadly distributed announcements of opportunity that solicit proposals from educational institutions, industry, nonprofit institutions, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Centers, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, other Federal agencies, and other interested organizations, and that allow partnerships among any combination of those entities, with evaluation, prioritization, and recommendations made by external peer review panels.
“(c) Plan.—
The Administrator shall provide to the Committee on Science [now Committee on Science, Space, and Technology] of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, not later than December 1, 2000, a plan to implement the program established under subsection (a).”