dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 262k–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262k–1. Transparency of budgets
(a) Limitation
Beginning three years after September 30, 1996, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each international financial institution to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan or other utilization of the funds of their respective institution, other than to address basic human needs, for the government of any country which the Secretary of the Treasury determines—
(1) does not have in place a functioning system for reporting to civilian authorities audits of receipts and expenditures that fund activities of the armed forces and security forces;
(2) has not provided to the institution information about the audit process requested by the institution.
(b) “International financial institution” defined
For purposes of this section, the term “international financial institution” shall include the institutions identified in section 532(b) of this Act.
(Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(c) [title V, § 576], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–168; Pub. L. 105–118, title V, § 572, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2430.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 532(b) of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 532(b) of Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(c) [title V], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–152, which is not classified to the Code.
heading: Amendments
text: 1997—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–118, § 572(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “does not have in place a functioning system for a civilian audit of all receipts and expenditures that fund activities of the armed forces and security forces;”.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–118, § 572(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “has not provided a summary of a current audit to the institution.”
22 U.S.C. § 262k–2 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262k–2. Female genital mutilation
(a) Limitation
Beginning 1 year after September 30, 1996, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each international financial institution to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan or other utilization of the funds of their respective institution, other than to address basic human needs, for the government of any country which the Secretary of the Treasury determines—
(1) has, as a cultural custom, a known history of the practice of female genital mutilation; and
(2) has not taken steps to implement educational programs designed to prevent the practice of female genital mutilation.
(b) “International financial institution” defined
For purposes of this section, the term “international financial institution” shall include the institutions identified in section 532(b) of this Act.
(Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(c) [title V, § 579], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–170.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 532(b) of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 532(b) of Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(c) [title V], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–152, which is not classified to the Code.
22 U.S.C. § 262m (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m. Congressional findings and policies for multilateral development banks respecting environment, public health, natural resources, and indigenous peoples
The Congress finds that—
(1) United States assistance to the multilateral development banks should promote sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of the environment, public health, and the status of indigenous peoples in developing countries;
(2) multilateral development bank projects, policies, and loans have failed in some cases to provide adequate safeguards for the environment, public health, natural resources, and indigenous peoples;
(3) many development efforts of the multilateral development banks are more enduring and less costly if based on consultations with directly affected population groups and communities;
(4) developing country governments sometimes do not ensure that appropriate policies and procedures are in place to use natural resources sustainably or consult with affected population groups and communities, where costs could be reduced or benefits made more enduring; and
(5) in general, the multilateral development banks do not yet provide systematic and adequate assistance to their borrowers to encourage sustainable resource use and consultation with affected communities, where costs could be reduced or benefits made more enduring.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1301, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1301 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–1. Environmental performance of banks; mechanisms for improvement
The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of State, in cooperation with the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, shall vigorously promote mechanisms to strengthen the environmental performance of these banks. These mechanisms shall include strengthening organizational, administrative, and procedural arrangements within the banks which will substantially improve management of assistance programs necessary to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of indigenous peoples.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1302, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1302 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Definitions
text: The definition in section 262p of this title applies to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–3 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–3. Cooperative information exchange system
The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, shall create a system for cooperative exchange of information with other interested member countries on assistance proposals of the multilateral development banks.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1304, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1304 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–4 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–4. Environmental educational and training programs for mid-level bank managers and officials of borrowing countries
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the multilateral development banks to support the strengthening of educational programs within each multilateral development bank to improve the capacity of mid-level managers to initiate and manage environmental aspects of development activities, and to train officials of borrowing countries in the conduct of environmental analyses.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1305, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1305 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–5 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–5. Environmental impact statements; factors considered; promotion of activities by United States Executive Directors
(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to vigorously and continuously urge that each bank identify and develop methods and procedures to insure that in addition to economic and technical considerations, unquantified environmental values be given appropriate consideration in decisionmaking, and include in the documents circulated to the Board of Executive Directors concerning each assistance proposal a detailed statement, to include assessment of the benefits and costs of environmental impacts and possible mitigating measures, on the environmental impact of the proposed action, any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided if the proposal is implemented, and alternatives to the proposed action.
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to vigorously and continuously promote—
(1) increases in the proportion of loans supporting environmentally beneficial policies, projects, and project components;
(2) the establishment of environmental programs in appropriate policy-based loans for the purpose of improving natural resource management, environmental quality, and protection of biological diversity;
(3) increases in the proportion of staff with professional training and experience in ecology and related areas and in the areas of anthropological and sociological impact analysis to ensure systematic appraisal and monitoring of environmental and sociocultural impacts of projects and policies;
(4) active and systematic encouragement of participation by borrowing countries nongovernmental environmental, community and indigenous peoples’ organizations at all stages of preparations for country lending strategies, policy based loans, and loans that may have adverse environmental or sociocultural impacts; and
(5) full availability to concerned or affected nongovernmental and community organization, early in the preparation phase and at all subsequent stages of planning of full documentary information concerning details of design and potential environmental and sociocultural impacts of proposed loans.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1306, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1306 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–6 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–6. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–240, title V, § 541(d)(4), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2518
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1307, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134, required annual reports to Congress on environmental policies.
22 U.S.C. § 262m–8 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262m–8. Climate change mitigation and greenhouse gas accounting
(a) Use of greenhouse gas accounting
The Secretary of the Treasury shall seek to ensure that multilateral development banks (as defined in section 262r(c)(4) of this title) adopt and implement greenhouse gas accounting in analyzing the benefits and costs of individual projects (excluding those with de minimus greenhouse gas emissions) for which funding is sought from the bank.
(b) Expansion of climate change mitigation activities
The Secretary of the Treasury shall work to ensure that the multilateral development banks (as defined in section 262r(c)(4) of this title) expand their activities supporting climate change mitigation by—
(1) significantly expanding support for investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy, including zero carbon technologies;
(2) reviewing all proposed infrastructure investments to ensure that all opportunities for integrating energy efficiency measures have been considered;
(3) increasing the dialogue with the governments of developing countries regarding—
(A) analysis and policy measures needed for low carbon emission economic development; and
(B) reforms needed to promote private sector investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy, including zero carbon technologies; and
(4) integrate low carbon emission economic development objectives into multilateral development bank country strategies.
(c) Report to Congress
Not later than 1 year after June 24, 2009, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report on the status of efforts to implement this section to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIII, § 1308, as added Pub. L. 111–32, title XI, § 1111, June 24, 2009, 123 Stat. 1903.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1308 of Pub. L. 95–118 was renumbered section 1307 and is classified to section 262m–7 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 262n (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n. Congressional findings and policies respecting agricultural and commodity production
The Congress hereby finds the following:
(1) The financing of certain programs and projects by multilateral development banks has been of great concern insofar as the programs and projects have been detrimental to the interests of American farmers and the agribusiness sector.
(2) An increase in rural income in developing countries will generally result in an increase in exports of United States agricultural and food products.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1401, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1401 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262n–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n–1. Increase in income and employment in developing countries; enhancement of purchasing power; diversification away from single crop or product economies
The Secretary of the Treasury, after consultations with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior (to the extent appropriate) on markets and prices for commodities, shall periodically instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank to work with other executive directors of the respective bank to continue to—
(1) support activities which result in broad increases in income and employment and enhance purchasing power in developing countries, particularly among the rural poor; and
(2) encourage diversification away from single crop or product economies in developing countries to help reduce wide fluctuations in commodity prices and the adverse impact of abrupt changes in the terms of trade.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1402, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1402 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262n–2 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n–2. Financing projects for production of export commodities, products, or minerals in surplus in world markets discouraged; instructions by Secretary of the Treasury to United States Executive Directors
(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall take all appropriate steps to discourage multilateral development banks from financing projects which will result in the production of commodities, products, or minerals for export that will be in surplus in world markets at the time such production begins.
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the multilateral development banks to use the voice and vote of the United States in the respective banks—
(1) to oppose financing by the respective bank of projects which produce, or will produce, commodities, products, or minerals for export if—
(A) the commodity, product, or mineral is subsidized in a manner which is inconsistent with Article XVI.3 of the GATT 1994 as defined in section 3501(1)(B) of title 19, or Article 3.1(a) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of title 19; and
(B) support from financial sources other than multilateral development banks does not accompany such financing; and
(2) to oppose financing by the respective bank for production of a commodity, product, or mineral for export which—
(A) is likely to be in surplus on world markets at the time such production begins; and
(B) when exported, is likely to cause injury to United States producers within the meaning of Article 15 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in subparagraph (A).
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1403, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134; amended Pub. L. 106–36, title I, § 1002(b), June 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 133.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1403 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–36, § 1002(b)(1), substituted “GATT 1994 as defined in section 3501(1)(B) of title 19, or Article 3.1(a) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of title 19” for “General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or Article 10 of the Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI, and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade”.
Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 106–36, § 1002(b)(2), substituted “Article 15 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures referred to in subparagraph (A)” for “Article 6 of the Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI, and XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade”.
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262n–3 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262n–3. Reduction of barriers to agricultural trade
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund to use aggressively the voice and vote of the United States to vigorously promote policies to encourage the opening of markets for agricultural commodities and products by requiring recipient countries to make efforts to reduce trade barriers.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XIV, § 1404, as added Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(d) [title VI, § 611], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–228.)
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262o–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262o–1. Military spending by recipient countries; military involvement in economies of recipient countries
(a) Consideration of commitment to achieving certain goals
(1) 1 In general
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the international financial institutions (as defined in section 262r(c)(2) of this title) to promote growth in the international economy by taking into account, when considering whether to support or oppose loan proposals at these institutions, the extent to which the recipient government has demonstrated a commitment to achieving the following goals:
(A) to provide accurate and complete data on the annual expenditures and receipts of the armed forces;
(B) to establish good and publicly accountable governance, including an end to excessive military involvement in the economy; and
(C) to make substantial reductions in excessive military spending and forces.
(b) Steps to achieve goals required
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the international financial institutions (as so defined) to promote a policy at each institution under which—
(1) the respective institution monitors closely and, through regular policy consultations with recipient governments, seeks to influence the composition of public expenditure in favor of funding growth and development priorities and away from unproductive expenditure, including excessive military expenditures;
(2) the respective institution supports lending operations which assist efforts of recipient governments to promote good governance, including public participation, and reduce military expenditures; and
(3) the allocation of resources and the extension of credit by the respective institution takes into account the performance of recipient governments in the areas of good governance, ending excessive military involvement in the economy and reducing excessive military expenditures.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XV, § 1502, as added Pub. L. 103–306, title V, § 526(d), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1633.)
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.
22 U.S.C. § 262p–2 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 262p–2. Instructions to United States Executive Directors for extension of credit
(a) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Development Association; access of poor to formal sources of credit; identification and removal of barriers to extension of credit generally and to provisions of credit to microenterprises
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association to initiate discussions with other directors of such Bank or Association and to propose that—
(1) in carrying on the activities of the Bank or Association, the Bank or Association take such steps as may be necessary to increase access for the poor people of a borrowing country to formal sources of credit; and
(2) the Bank or Association include a requirement in all appropriate project and nonproject agreements, as a condition for assistance under such agreements, that the borrowing country identify and remove unreasonable legal and regulatory barriers to—
(A) the establishment or operation of organizations which extend credit; and
(B) the provision of credit to microenterprises for small scale economic activities.
(b) African Development Bank and Asian Development Bank; provision of credit to microenterprises
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the African Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank to initiate discussions with other directors of the respective banks and to propose that each such bank—
(1) examine the Program for the Financing of Small Projects of the Inter-American Development Bank and the steps taken by such bank to link the Program to the mainstream operation of the bank; and
(2) explore ways and means to establish similar programs within the respective banks to provide credit to microenterprises for small scale economic activities.
(c) Annual reports to Congress; inclusion of status of microenterprise credit promotion activities
Each annual report to the Congress by the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies shall describe the status of the microenterprise credit promotion activities of each of the institutions referred to in subsection (a) or (b) of this section.
(Pub. L. 95–118, title XVI, § 1603, as added Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–134.)
heading: Codification
text: Section 1603 of Pub. L. 95–118 is based on section 701 of title VII of H.R. 3750, One Hundredth Congress, as introduced Dec. 11, 1987, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 100–202.
heading: Definitions
text: The definitions in section 262p–5 of this title apply to this section.