dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
20 U.S.C. § 3341 (EDUCATION)
§ 3341. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, § 7063, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, § 1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293, which related to application of this subchapter to grants and contracts entered into before Oct. 1, 1988, was omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, § 101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.
Prior sections 3341 to 3348 were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.
Section 3341, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 931, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2298; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, § 402, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, related to general provisions applicable to the Women’s Educational Equity Act of 1978.
Section 3342, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 932, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2298; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, §§ 401(b), 403, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, related to granting and contracting authority and funding requirements.
Section 3343, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 933, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2299; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, § 401(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, related to applications and participation.
Section 3344, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 934, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2299; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, §§ 401(b), 404, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, related to challenge grants.
Section 3345, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 935, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2299; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, §§ 401(b), 405, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, 2390, related to criteria and priorities.
Section 3346, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 936, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2300; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, §§ 401(b), 406, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, 2390, related to National Advisory Council on Women’s Educational Programs.
Section 3347, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 937, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2300; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, §§ 401(b), 407, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2389, 2391, related to reports.
Section 3348, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 938, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title IV, § 408, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2391, related to authorization of appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 3351 (EDUCATION)
§ 3351. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, § 8001, as added Pub. L. 103–227, title X, § 1032(3), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 270, which related to gun-free school requirements, was omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, § 101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.
Prior sections 3351 to 3354 and 3361 to 3367 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, § 587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.
Section 3351, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 941, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301, set out purpose of program of special grants for safe schools.
Section 3352, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 942, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301, authorized appropriations.
Section 3353, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 943, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to allotments to local educational agencies.
Section 3354, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 944, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2302; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to submission of applications by local educational agencies in order to receive grants.
Section 3361, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 951, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303, set out statement of policy for ethnic heritage program.
Section 3362, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 952, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized an ethnic heritage studies program.
Section 3363, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 953, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303, set out authorized activities for program of ethnic heritage.
Section 3364, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 954, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to applications for assistance.
Section 3365, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 955, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2304; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to administration by Secretary and to funding.
Section 3366, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 956, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2304, related to National Advisory Council on Ethnic Heritage Studies.
Section 3367, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 957, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2304, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 3385 (EDUCATION)
§ 3385. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–297, title V, § 5352(2), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 414
text: Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, § 1005, formerly title VIII, § 810, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title IV, § 421(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 339; amended Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, §§ 631(a), 632(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 585, 586; renumbered title IX, § 1005, and amended Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 801(1), (2), title XI, §§ 1141(a), 1150(a)–(e), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2284, 2328, 2331–2333; renumbered title X, § 1005, and amended Pub. L. 96–46, §§ 1(21), 2(a)(1), Aug. 6, 1979, 93 Stat. 339, 340; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692; Pub. L. 98–511, title V, § 513(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2400, related to improvement of educational opportunities for Indian students.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective July 1, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3385a, 3385b (EDUCATION)
§§ 3385a, 3385b. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–297, title V, § 5352(4), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 414
text: Section 3385a, Pub. L. 92–318, title IV, § 422, as added Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, § 632(c), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 586; amended Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, §§ 1141(c)(1), 1152(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2329, 2333; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692; Pub. L. 98–511, title V, § 513(b)(1), (2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2400, related to special educational training programs for teachers of Indian people.
text: Section 3385b, Pub. L. 92–318, title IV, § 423, as added Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, § 632(c), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 586; amended Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, §§ 1141(c)(2), 1152(b), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2329, 2333; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692; Pub. L. 98–511, title V, § 513(b)(3), (4), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 99–570, title IV, § 4133(b)(2), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–133, related to fellowships for Indian students.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective July 1, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3386 (EDUCATION)
§ 3386. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 9005, formerly title VIII, § 812, as added Pub. L. 93–380, title I, § 110, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 513; renumbered title IX, § 1006, Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 801 (1), (2), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2284; renumbered title X, § 1006, Pub. L. 96–46, § 2(a)(1), Aug. 6, 1979, 93 Stat. 340; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692; renumbered § 8005, Pub. L. 100–297, title I, § 1002(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293; renumbered title IX, § 9005, Pub. L. 103–227, title X, § 1032(1), (2), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 270, which related to open meetings of educational agencies, was omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, § 101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.
20 U.S.C. § 3402 (EDUCATION)
§ 3402. Congressional declaration of purpose
The Congress declares that the establishment of a Department of Education is in the public interest, will promote the general welfare of the United States, will help ensure that education issues receive proper treatment at the Federal level, and will enable the Federal Government to coordinate its education activities more effectively. Therefore, the purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to strengthen the Federal commitment to ensuring access to equal educational opportunity for every individual;
(2) to supplement and complement the efforts of States, the local school systems and other instrumentalities of the States, the private sector, public and private educational institutions, public and private nonprofit educational research institutions, community-based organizations, parents, and students to improve the quality of education;
(3) to encourage the increased involvement of the public, parents, and students in Federal education programs;
(4) to promote improvements in the quality and usefulness of education through federally supported research, evaluation, and sharing of information;
(5) to improve the coordination of Federal education programs;
(6) to improve the management and efficiency of Federal education activities, especially with respect to the process, procedures, and administrative structures for the dispersal of Federal funds, as well as the reduction of unnecessary and duplicative burdens and constraints, including unnecessary paperwork, on the recipients of Federal funds; and
(7) to increase the accountability of Federal education programs to the President, the Congress, and the public.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title I, § 102, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 670.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 96–88, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 668, known as the Department of Education Organization Act, which enacted this chapter, amended sections 928, 929, 1102, 2390, 2711, and 3012 of this title, section 19 of Title 3, The President, sections 101, 5312, and 5314 to 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 2, 9, and 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, section 1004 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and sections 761b, 794c, 821, 829, 873, 879, 882, 914, and 952 of Title 29, Labor, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1102 and 3401 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3401 of this title and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 3403 (EDUCATION)
§ 3403. Relationship with States
(a) Rights of local governments and educational institutions
It is the intention of the Congress in the establishment of the Department to protect the rights of State and local governments and public and private educational institutions in the areas of educational policies and administration of programs and to strengthen and improve the control of such governments and institutions over their own educational programs and policies. The establishment of the Department of Education shall not increase the authority of the Federal Government over education or diminish the responsibility for education which is reserved to the States and the local school systems and other instrumentalities of the States.
(b) Curriculum, administration, and personnel; library resources
No provision of a program administered by the Secretary or by any other officer of the Department shall be construed to authorize the Secretary or any such officer to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution, school, or school system, over any accrediting agency or association, or over the selection or content of library resources, textbooks, or other instructional materials by any educational institution or school system, except to the extent authorized by law.
(c) Funding under pre-existing programs
The Secretary shall not, during the period within eight months after May 4, 1980, take any action to withhold, suspend, or terminate funds under any program transferred by this chapter by reason of the failure of any State to comply with any applicable law requiring the administration of such a program through a single organizational unit.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title I, § 103, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 670.)
heading: Codification
text: In subsec. (c), “May 4, 1980” substituted for “the effective date of this chapter” pursuant to section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3414 (EDUCATION)
§ 3414. Office of Elementary and Secondary Education; inclusion of Office of Migrant Education
There shall be in the Department an Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, to be administered by the Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. The Assistant Secretary shall administer such functions affecting elementary and secondary education, both public and private, as the Secretary shall delegate. There shall be within the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education and directly under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education, an Office of Migrant Education, which shall be responsible for the administration of programs established by part C of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6391 et seq.] and by subpart 5 of part A of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1070d–2].
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 204, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 98–511, title VII, § 701(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2405; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 391(h), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, as amended. Part C of title I of the Act is classified generally to part C (§ 6391 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended. Subpart 5 of part A of title IV of this Act is classified generally to subpart 5 (§ 1070d–2) of part A of subchapter IV of chapter 28 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Pub. L. 103–382 substituted “part C” for “subpart 1 of part B”.
1984—Pub. L. 98–511 inserted provisions establishing the Office of Migrant Education and specifying its functions.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–511 effective Oct. 19, 1984, see section 711(a) of Pub. L. 98–511, set out as a note under section 1226c of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3415 (EDUCATION)
§ 3415. Office of Postsecondary Education
(a) There shall be in the Department an Office of Postsecondary Education, to be administered by the Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. The Assistant Secretary shall administer such functions affecting postsecondary education, both public and private, as the Secretary shall delegate, and shall serve as the principal adviser to the Secretary on matters affecting postsecondary education.
(b) The Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education shall appoint a Deputy Assistant Secretary for International and Foreign Language Education to perform such functions affecting postsecondary, international, and foreign language education as the Secretary may prescribe. The Deputy Assistant Secretary for International and Foreign Language Education shall—
(1) be an individual with extensive background and experience in international and foreign language education;
(2) have responsibility for encouraging and promoting the study of foreign languages and the study of the cultures of other countries at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels in the United States; and
(3) coordinate with related international and foreign language education programs of other Federal agencies.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 205, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 935, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3460.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pub. L. 110–315 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There shall be in the Department an Office of Postsecondary Education, to be administered by the Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. The Assistant Secretary shall administer such functions affecting postsecondary education, both public and private, as the Secretary shall delegate, and shall serve as the principal adviser to the Secretary on matters affecting public and private postsecondary education.”
20 U.S.C. § 3416 (EDUCATION)
§ 3416. Office of Vocational and Adult Education
There shall be in the Department an Office of Vocational and Adult Education, to be administered by the Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. The Assistant Secretary shall administer such functions affecting vocational and adult education as the Secretary shall delegate, and shall serve as principal adviser to the Secretary on matters affecting vocational and adult education. The Secretary, through the Assistant Secretary, shall also provide a unified approach to rural education and rural family education through the coordination of programs within the Department and shall work with the Federal Interagency Committee on Education to coordinate related activities and programs of other Federal departments and agencies.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 206, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674.)
20 U.S.C. § 3417 (EDUCATION)
§ 3417. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
There shall be in the Department an Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, to be administered by the Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 3472 of this title, the Secretary shall delegate to the Assistant Secretary all functions, other than administrative and support functions, transferred to the Secretary under sections 3441(a)(1) of this title (with respect to the bureau for the education and training of the handicapped), 3441(a)(2)(H) of this title, and 3441(a)(4) of this title.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 207, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674.)
20 U.S.C. § 3418 (EDUCATION)
§ 3418. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, § 1204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 720
text: Section, Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 208, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674, provided for an Office of Education for Overseas Dependents in Department of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 3419 (EDUCATION)
§ 3419. Institute of Education Sciences
There shall be in the Department of Education the Institute of Education Sciences, which shall be administered in accordance with the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 [20 U.S.C. 9501 et seq.] by the Director appointed under section 114(a) of that Act [20 U.S.C. 9514(a)].
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 208, as added Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, § 402(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, referred to in text, is title I of Pub. L. 107–279, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1941, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 9501 et seq.) of chapter 76 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9501 of this title and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 3419, Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 208, formerly § 209, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, § 911(b), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 213; renumbered § 208, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, § 271(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929, related to Office of Educational Research and Improvement, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, § 402(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
A prior section 208 of Pub. L. 96–88 was classified to section 3418 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–145.
20 U.S.C. § 3420 (EDUCATION)
§ 3420. Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students
There shall be in the Department an Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students, to be administered by a Director of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students, who shall be appointed by the Secretary. The Director shall coordinate the administration of bilingual education programs by the Department and shall consult with the Secretary concerning policy decisions affecting bilingual education and minority languages affairs. The Director shall report directly to the Secretary, and shall perform such additional functions as the Secretary may prescribe.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 209, formerly § 210, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 675; renumbered § 209, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, § 271(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929; amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1072(b), (c)(2)(A), (d), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2089.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 209 of Pub. L. 96–88 was renumbered section 208 and was classified to section 3419 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–279.
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–110, § 1072(d), substituted “Director of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students” for “Director of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs”.
Pub. L. 107–110, § 1072(b), (c)(2)(A), substituted “Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students” for “Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs” in section catchline and in text.
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3421 (EDUCATION)
§ 3421. Office of General Counsel
There shall be in the Department an Office of General Counsel, to be administered by the General Counsel appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. The General Counsel shall provide legal assistance to the Secretary concerning the programs and policies of the Department.
(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, § 210, formerly § 211, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 675; renumbered § 210, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, § 271(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 210 of Pub. L. 96–88 was renumbered section 209 and is classified to section 3420 of this title.