dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 6215 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6215. Establishment of Radio Free Afghanistan
(a) Requirement of a detailed plan
Not later than 15 days after March 11, 2002, RFE/RL, Incorporated, shall submit to the Broadcasting Board of Governors a report setting forth a detailed plan for the provision by RFE/RL, Incorporated, of surrogate broadcasting services in the Dari and Pashto languages to Afghanistan. Such broadcasting services shall be known as “Radio Free Afghanistan”.
(b) Grant authority
(1) In general
Effective 15 days after March 11, 2002, or the date on which the report required by subsection (a) of this section is submitted, whichever is later, the Broadcasting Board of Governors is authorized to make grants to support Radio Free Afghanistan.
(2) Supersedes existing limitation on total annual grant amounts
Grants made to RFE/RL, Incorporated, during the fiscal year 2002 for support of Radio Free Afghanistan may be made without regard to section 308(c) of the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6207(c)).
(c) Available authorities
In addition to the authorities in this section, the authorities applicable to carry out United States Government broadcasting activities under the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 [22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.], the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 [22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.], the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, and other provisions of law consistent with such purpose may be used to carry out the grant authority of subsection (b) of this section.
(d) Standards; oversight
Radio Free Afghanistan shall adhere to the same standards of professionalism and accountability, and shall be subject to the same oversight mechanisms, as other services of RFE/RL, Incorporated.
(Pub. L. 107–148, § 2, Mar. 11, 2002, 116 Stat. 64.)
heading: References in Text
text: The United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, 62 Stat. 6, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 18 (§ 1431 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1431 of this title, and Tables.
The United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (c), is title III of Pub. L. 103–236, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6201 of this title and Tables.
The Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (c), is division G of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–761, as amended. For complete classification of division G to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6501 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Radio Free Afghanistan Act, and not as part of the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 6302 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6302. Role of international financial institutions
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director to each of the international financial institutions described in section 262d(a) of this title to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any use of the institution’s funds to promote the acquisition of unsafeguarded special nuclear material or the development, stockpiling, or use of any nuclear explosive device by any non-nuclear-weapon state.
(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, § 823(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 512.)
22 U.S.C. § 6304 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6304. Reporting on demarches
(1) It is the sense of the Congress that the Department of State should, in the course of implementing its reporting responsibilities under section 3282(c) of this title, include a summary of demarches that the United States has issued or received from foreign governments with respect to activities which are of significance from the proliferation standpoint.
(2) For purposes of this section, the term “demarche” means any official communication by one government to another, by written or oral means, intended by the originating government to express—
(A) a concern over a past, present, or possible future action or activity of the recipient government, or of a person within the jurisdiction of that government, contributing to the global spread of unsafeguarded special nuclear material or of nuclear explosive devices;
(B) a request for the recipient government to counter such action or activity; or
(C) both the concern and request described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, § 828(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 520.)
22 U.S.C. § 6305 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6305. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “foreign person” means—
(A) an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or
(B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernment entity which is created or organized under the laws of a foreign country or which has its principal place of business outside the United States;
(2) the term “goods or technology” means—
(A) nuclear materials and equipment and sensitive nuclear technology (as such terms are defined in section 3203 of this title), all export items designated by the President pursuant to section 2139a(c) of title 42, and all technical assistance requiring authorization under section 2077(b) of title 42, and
(B) in the case of exports from a country other than the United States, any goods or technology that, if exported from the United States, would be goods or technology described in subparagraph (A);
(3) the term “IAEA safeguards” means the safeguards set forth in an agreement between a country and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as authorized by Article III(A)(5) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency;
(4) the term “nuclear explosive device” means any device, whether assembled or disassembled, that is designed to produce an instantaneous release of an amount of nuclear energy from special nuclear material that is greater than the amount of energy that would be released from the detonation of one pound of trinitrotoluene (TNT);
(5) the term “non-nuclear-weapon state” means any country which is not a nuclear-weapon state, as defined by Article IX (3) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 1968;
(6) the term “special nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 2014(aa) of title 42;
(7) the term “United States person” means—
(A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or
(B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernment entity which is not a foreign person; and
(8) the term “unsafeguarded special nuclear material” means special nuclear material which is held in violation of IAEA safeguards or not subject to IAEA safeguards (excluding any quantity of material that could, if it were exported from the United States, be exported under a general license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission).
(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, § 830, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 521.)
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to this part, meaning part B of title VIII of Pub. L. 103–236, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of part B to the Code, see Effective Date note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 6323 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6323. Reporting requirement
(a) Report required
The President shall, in the report required by section 3281(a) of this title, describe—
(1) the steps he has taken to implement sections 6321 and 6322 of this title, and
(2) the progress that has been made and the obstacles that have been encountered in seeking to meet the objectives set forth in sections 6321 and 6322 of this title.
(b) Contents of report
Each report under paragraph (1) 1 shall describe—
(1) the bilateral and multilateral initiatives that the President has taken during the period since April 30, 1994, in pursuit of each of the objectives set forth in sections 6321 and 6322 of this title;
(2) any obstacles that have been encountered in the pursuit of those initiatives;
(3) any additional initiatives that have been proposed by other countries or international organizations to strengthen the implementation of IAEA safeguards;
(4) all activities of the Federal Government in support of the objectives set forth in sections 6321 and 6322 of this title;
(5) any recommendations of the President on additional measures to enhance the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards; and
(6) any initiatives that the President plans to take in support of each of the objectives set forth in sections 6321 and 6322 of this title.
(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, § 843, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 524.)
22 U.S.C. § 6324 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6324. Definitions
As used in this subchapter—
(1) the term “highly enriched uranium” means uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the isotope U–235;
(2) the term “IAEA” means the International Atomic Energy Agency;
(3) the term “near real time material accountancy” means a method of accounting for the location, quantity, and disposition of special fissionable material at facilities that store or process such material, in which verification of peaceful use is continuously achieved by means of frequent physical inventories and the use of in-process instrumentation;
(4) the term “special fissionable material” has the meaning given that term by Article XX(1) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, done at the Headquarters of the United Nations on October 26, 1956;
(5) the term “the Treaty” means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 1968; and
(6) the terms “IAEA safeguards”, “non-nuclear-weapon state”, “nuclear explosive device”, and “special nuclear material” have the meanings given those terms in section 6305 of this title.
(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, § 844, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 524.)
22 U.S.C. § 6411 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6411. Office on International Religious Freedom; Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom
(a) Establishment of Office
There is established within the Department of State an Office on International Religious Freedom that shall be headed by the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom appointed under subsection (b) of this section.
(b) Appointment
The Ambassador at Large shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(c) Duties
The Ambassador at Large shall have the following responsibilities:
(1) In general
The primary responsibility of the Ambassador at Large shall be to advance the right to freedom of religion abroad, to denounce the violation of that right, and to recommend appropriate responses by the United States Government when this right is violated.
(2) Advisory role
The Ambassador at Large shall be a principal adviser to the President and the Secretary of State regarding matters affecting religious freedom abroad and, with advice from the Commission on International Religious Freedom, shall make recommendations regarding—
(A) the policies of the United States Government toward governments that violate freedom of religion or that fail to ensure the individual’s right to religious belief and practice; and
(B) policies to advance the right to religious freedom abroad.
(3) Diplomatic representation
Subject to the direction of the President and the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large is authorized to represent the United States in matters and cases relevant to religious freedom abroad in—
(A) contacts with foreign governments, intergovernmental organizations, and specialized agencies of the United Nations, the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and other international organizations of which the United States is a member; and
(B) multilateral conferences and meetings relevant to religious freedom abroad.
(4) Reporting responsibilities
The Ambassador at Large shall have the reporting responsibilities described in section 6412 of this title.
(d) Funding
The Secretary of State shall provide the Ambassador at Large with such funds as may be necessary for the hiring of staff for the Office, for the conduct of investigations by the Office, and for necessary travel to carry out the provisions of this section.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 101, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2791.)
22 U.S.C. § 6413 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6413. Establishment of religious freedom Internet site
In order to facilitate access by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and by the public around the world to international documents on the protection of religious freedom, the Secretary of State, with the assistance of the Ambassador at Large, shall establish and maintain an Internet site containing major international documents relating to religious freedom, the Annual Report, the Executive Summary, and any other documentation or references to other sites as deemed appropriate or relevant by the Ambassador at Large.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 103, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2795.)
22 U.S.C. § 6414 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6414. High-level contacts with nongovernmental organizations
United States chiefs of mission shall seek out and contact religious nongovernmental organizations to provide high-level meetings with religious nongovernmental organizations where appropriate and beneficial. United States chiefs of mission and Foreign Service officers abroad shall seek to meet with imprisoned religious leaders where appropriate and beneficial.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 105, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2795.)
22 U.S.C. § 6415 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6415. Programs and allocations of funds by United States missions abroad
It is the sense of the Congress that—
(1) United States diplomatic missions in countries the governments of which engage in or tolerate violations of the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion should develop, as part of annual program planning, a strategy to promote respect for the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion; and
(2) in allocating or recommending the allocation of funds or the recommendation of candidates for programs and grants funded by the United States Government, United States diplomatic missions should give particular consideration to those programs and candidates deemed to assist in the promotion of the right to religious freedom.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 106, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2796.)
22 U.S.C. § 6416 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6416. Equal access to United States missions abroad for conducting religious activities
(a) In general
Subject to this section, the Secretary of State shall permit, on terms no less favorable than that accorded other nongovernmental activities unrelated to the conduct of the diplomatic mission, access to the premises of any United States diplomatic mission or consular post by any United States citizen seeking to conduct an activity for religious purposes.
(b) Timing and location
The Secretary of State shall make reasonable accommodations with respect to the timing and location of such access in light of—
(1) the number of United States citizens requesting the access (including any particular religious concerns regarding the time of day, date, or physical setting for services);
(2) conflicts with official activities and other nonofficial United States citizen requests;
(3) the availability of openly conducted, organized religious services outside the premises of the mission or post;
(4) availability of space and resources; and
(5) necessary security precautions.
(c) Discretionary access for foreign nationals
The Secretary of State may permit access to the premises of a United States diplomatic mission or consular post to foreign nationals for the purpose of attending or participating in religious activities conducted pursuant to this section.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 107, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2796.)
22 U.S.C. § 6417 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6417. Prisoner lists and issue briefs on religious freedom concerns
(a) Sense of Congress
To encourage involvement with religious freedom concerns at every possible opportunity and by all appropriate representatives of the United States Government, it is the sense of the Congress that officials of the executive branch of Government should promote increased advocacy on such issues during meetings between foreign dignitaries and executive branch officials or Members of Congress.
(b) Prisoner lists and issue briefs on religious freedom concerns
The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Ambassador at Large, the Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, United States chiefs of mission abroad, regional experts, and nongovernmental human rights and religious groups, shall prepare and maintain issue briefs on religious freedom, on a country-by-country basis, consisting of lists of persons believed to be imprisoned, detained, or placed under house arrest for their religious faith, together with brief evaluations and critiques of the policies of the respective country restricting religious freedom. In considering the inclusion of names of prisoners on such lists, the Secretary of State shall exercise appropriate discretion, including concerns regarding the safety, security, and benefit to such prisoners.
(c) Availability of information
The Secretary shall, as appropriate, provide religious freedom issue briefs under subsection (b) of this section to executive branch officials and Members of Congress in anticipation of bilateral contacts with foreign leaders, both in the United States and abroad.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 108, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2796.)
22 U.S.C. § 6432a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6432a. Powers of the Commission
(a) Hearings and sessions
The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out its duties under this subchapter, hold hearings, sit and act at times and places in the United States, take testimony and receive evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
(b) Information from Federal agencies
The Commission may secure directly from any Federal department or agency such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out the provisions of this section. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission, subject to applicable law.
(c) Postal services
The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
(d) Administrative procedures
The Commission may adopt such rules and regulations, relating to administrative procedure, as may be reasonably necessary to enable it to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
(e) Views of the Commission
The Members of the Commission may speak in their capacity as private citizens. Statements on behalf of the Commission shall be issued in writing over the names of the Members. The Commission shall in its written statements clearly describe its statutory authority, distinguishing that authority from that of appointed or elected officials of the United States Government. Oral statements, where practicable, shall include a similar description.
(f) Travel
The Members of the Commission may, with the approval of the Commission, conduct such travel as is necessary to carry out the purpose of this subchapter. Each trip must be approved by a majority of the Commission. This provision shall not apply to the Ambassador-at-Large, whose travel shall not require approval by the Commission.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 106–55, § 1(b)(3), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 401.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 203 of Pub. L. 105–292 was renumbered section 205 and is classified to section 6433 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6433 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6433. Report of Commission
(a) In general
Not later than May 1 of each year, the Commission shall submit a report to the President, the Secretary of State, and Congress setting forth its recommendations for United States policy options based on its evaluations under section 6432 of this title.
(b) Classified form of report
The report may be submitted in classified form, together with a public summary of recommendations, if the classification of information would further the purposes of this chapter.
(c) Individual or dissenting views
Each member of the Commission may include the individual or dissenting views of the member.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title II, § 205, formerly § 203, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2799; renumbered § 205, Pub. L. 106–55, § 1(b)(2), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 401.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 205 of Pub. L. 105–292 was renumbered section 207 and is classified to section 6435 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6434 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6434. Applicability of other laws
The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Commission.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title II, § 206, formerly § 204, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2799; renumbered § 206, Pub. L. 106–55, § 1(b)(2), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 401.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 206 of Pub. L. 105–292 was renumbered section 209 and is classified to section 6436 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6435 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6435. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission $3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2012 through 2014 to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
(b) Availability of funds
Amounts authorized to be appropriated under subparagraph (a) of this section are authorized to remain available until expended but not later than the date of termination of the Commission.
(Pub. L. 105–292, title II, § 207, formerly § 205, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2800; renumbered § 207 and amended Pub. L. 106–55, § 1(b)(2), (4), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 401, 403; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, § 681(e), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 112–75, § 4, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1273.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–75 substituted “for each of the fiscal years 2012 through 2014” for “for the fiscal year 2003”.
2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted “for the fiscal year 2003” after “$3,000,000”.
1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–55, § 1(b)(4), substituted “to carry out the provisions of this subchapter” for “for each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000 to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.”