dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 8602 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8602. Statement of policy
It is the policy of the United States:
(1) To reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the security of the State of Israel as a Jewish state. As President Barack Obama stated on December 16, 2011, “America’s commitment and my commitment to Israel and Israel’s security is unshakeable.” And as President George W. Bush stated before the Israeli Knesset on May 15, 2008, on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the State of Israel, “The alliance between our governments is unbreakable, yet the source of our friendship runs deeper than any treaty.”.
(2) To help the Government of Israel preserve its qualitative military edge amid rapid and uncertain regional political transformation.
(3) To veto any one-sided anti-Israel resolutions at the United Nations Security Council.
(4) To support Israel’s inherent right to self-defense.
(5) To pursue avenues to expand cooperation with the Government of Israel both in defense and across the spectrum of civilian sectors, including high technology, agriculture, medicine, health, pharmaceuticals, and energy.
(6) To assist the Government of Israel with its ongoing efforts to forge a peaceful, negotiated settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that results in two states living side-by-side in peace and security, and to encourage Israel’s neighbors to recognize Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish state.
(7) To encourage further development of advanced technology programs between the United States and Israel given current trends and instability in the region.
(Pub. L. 112–150, § 3, July 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1147.)
22 U.S.C. § 8603 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8603. United States actions to assist in the defense of Israel and protect United States interests
It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government should take the following actions to assist in the defense of Israel:
(1) Seek to enhance the capabilities of the Governments of the United States and Israel to address emerging common threats, increase security cooperation, and expand joint military exercises.
(2) Provide the Government of Israel such support as may be necessary to increase development and production of joint missile defense systems, particularly such systems that defend against the urgent threat posed to Israel and United States forces in the region.
(3) Provide the Government of Israel assistance specifically for the production and procurement of the Iron Dome defense system for purposes of intercepting short-range missiles, rockets, and projectiles launched against Israel.
(4) Provide the Government of Israel defense articles and defense services through such mechanisms as appropriate, to include air refueling tankers, missile defense capabilities, and specialized munitions.
(5) Provide the Government of Israel additional excess defense articles, as appropriate, in the wake of the withdrawal of United States forces from Iraq.
(6) Examine ways to strengthen existing and ongoing efforts, including the Gaza Counter Arms Smuggling Initiative, aimed at preventing weapons smuggling into Gaza pursuant to the 2009 agreement following the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, as well as measures to protect against weapons smuggling and terrorist threats from the Sinai Peninsula.
(7) Offer the Air Force of Israel additional training and exercise opportunities in the United States to compensate for Israel’s limited air space.
(8) Work to encourage an expanded role for Israel with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), including an enhanced presence at NATO headquarters and exercises.
(9) Expand already-close intelligence cooperation, including satellite intelligence, with Israel.
(Pub. L. 112–150, § 4, July 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1147.)
22 U.S.C. § 8604 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8604. Reports required
(a) Report on Israel’s qualitative military edge (QME)
(1) In general
Not later than 180 days after July 27, 2012, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the status of Israel’s qualitative military edge in light of current trends and instability in the region.
(2) Substitution for quadrennial report
If submitted within one year of the date that the first quadrennial report required by section 201(c)(2) of the Naval Vessel Transfer Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–429; 22 U.S.C. 2776 note) is due to be submitted, the report required by paragraph (1) may substitute for such quadrennial report.
(b) Reports on other matters
Not later than 180 days after July 27, 2012, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on each of the following matters:
(1) Taking into account the Government of Israel’s urgent requirement for F–35 aircraft, actions to improve the process relating to its purchase of F–35 aircraft, particularly with respect to cost efficiency and timely delivery.
(2) Efforts to expand cooperation between the United States and Israel in homeland security, counter-terrorism, maritime security, energy, cyber-security, and other related areas.
(3) Actions to integrate Israel into the defense of the Eastern Mediterranean.
(Pub. L. 112–150, § 6, July 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1148.)
heading: Delegation of Certain Functions Under Section 6 of Public Law 112–150
text: Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 15, 2013, 78 F.R. 5705, provided that:
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to you all functions conferred upon the President by subsections (a) and (b) of section 6 of Public Law 112–150. You will exercise these functions in coordination with the Secretary of Defense.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
Barack Obama.
22 U.S.C. § 8605 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8605. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees
The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(2) Qualitative military edge
The term “qualitative military edge” has the meaning given the term in section 2776(h)(2) of this title.
(Pub. L. 112–150, § 7, July 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1149.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 112–150, July 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1146, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8601 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 8723 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8723. Imposition of sanctions with respect to purchase, subscription to, or facilitation of the issuance of Iranian sovereign debt
(a) In general
The President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 6(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by section 204, with respect to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after August 10, 2012, purchases, subscribes to, or facilitates the issuance of—
(1) sovereign debt of the Government of Iran issued on or after August 10, 2012, including governmental bonds; or
(2) debt of any entity owned or controlled by the Government of Iran issued on or after August 10, 2012, including bonds.
(b) Application of provisions of Iran Sanctions Act of 1996
The following provisions of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by this Act, apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under subsection (a) to the same extent that such provisions apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under section 5(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996:
(1) Subsection (c) of section 4.
(2) Subsections (c), (d), and (f) of section 5.
(3) Section 8.
(4) Section 9.
(5) Section 11.
(6) Section 12.
(7) Subsection (b) of section 13.
(8) Section 14.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title II, § 213, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1230.)
heading: Termination of Section
text: For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.
heading: References in Text
text: The Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 104–172, Aug. 5, 1996, 110 Stat. 1541, which is set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 6(a) of the Act, as amended by section 204, is section 6(a) of Pub. L. 104–172, as amended by section 204 of Pub. L. 112–158.
This Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 112–158, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1214, known as the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 8725 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8725. Liability of parent companies for violations of sanctions by foreign subsidiaries
(a) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Entity
The term “entity” means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, or other organization.
(2) Own or control
The term “own or control” means, with respect to an entity—
(A) to hold more than 50 percent of the equity interest by vote or value in the entity;
(B) to hold a majority of seats on the board of directors of the entity; or
(C) to otherwise control the actions, policies, or personnel decisions of the entity.
(b) Prohibition
Not later than 60 days after August 10, 2012, the President shall prohibit an entity owned or controlled by a United States person and established or maintained outside the United States from knowingly engaging in any transaction directly or indirectly with the Government of Iran or any person subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of Iran that would be prohibited by an order or regulation issued pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) if the transaction were engaged in by a United States person or in the United States.
(c) Civil penalty
The civil penalties provided for in section 206(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(b)) shall apply to a United States person to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of that Act if an entity owned or controlled by the United States person and established or maintained outside the United States violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any order or regulation issued to implement subsection (b).
(d) Applicability
Subsection (c) shall not apply with respect to a transaction described in subsection (b) by an entity owned or controlled by a United States person and established or maintained outside the United States if the United States person divests or terminates its business with the entity not later than the date that is 180 days after August 10, 2012.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title II, § 218, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1234.)
heading: Termination of Section
text: For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.
heading: References in Text
text: The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 8727 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8727. Identification of, and immigration restrictions on, senior officials of the Government of Iran and their family members
(a) Identification
Not later than 180 days after August 10, 2012, and annually thereafter, the President shall publish a list of each individual the President determines is—
(1) a senior official of the Government of Iran described in subsection (b) that is involved in Iran’s—
(A) illicit nuclear activities or proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction;
(B) support for international terrorism; or
(C) commission of serious human rights abuses against citizens of Iran or their family members; or
(2) a family member of such an official.
(b) Senior officials of the Government of Iran described
A senior official of the Government of Iran described in this subsection is any senior official of that Government, including—
(1) the Supreme Leader of Iran;
(2) the President of Iran;
(3) a member of the Cabinet of the Government of Iran;
(4) a member of the Assembly of Experts;
(5) a senior member of the Intelligence Ministry of Iran; or
(6) a senior member of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps, including a senior member of a paramilitary organization such as Ansar-e-Hezbollah or Basij-e Motaz’afin.
(c) Exclusion from United States
Except as provided in subsection (d), the Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall exclude from the United States, any alien who is on the list required by subsection (a).
(d) Exception to comply with United Nations Headquarters agreement
Subsection (c) shall not apply to an individual if admitting the individual to the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, and other applicable international obligations.
(e) Waiver
The President may waive the application of subsection (a) or (c) with respect to an individual if the President—
(1) determines that such a waiver is essential to the national interests of the United States; and
(2) not less than 7 days before the waiver takes effect, notifies Congress of the waiver and the reason for the waiver.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title II, § 221, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1238.)
heading: Termination of Section
text: For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8744 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8744. Rule of construction
Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to limit the authority of the President to designate foreign persons for the imposition of sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).
(Pub. L. 112–158, title III, § 304, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1247.)
heading: Termination of Section
text: For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.
heading: References in Text
text: The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in text, is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 8751 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8751. Codification of sanctions with respect to grave human rights abuses by the Governments of Iran and Syria using information technology
United States sanctions with respect to Iran and Syria provided for in Executive Order No. 13606 (77 Fed. Reg. 24571), as in effect on the day before August 10, 2012, shall remain in effect—
(1) with respect to Iran, until the date that is 30 days after the date on which the President submits to Congress the certification described in section 8551(a) of this title; and
(2) with respect to Syria, until the date on which the provisions of and sanctions imposed pursuant to subchapter VII terminate pursuant to section 8795 of this title.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title IV, § 411, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1255.)
heading: References in Text
text: Executive Order No. 13606, referred to in text, is listed in tables under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
Subchapter VII, referred to in par. (2), was in the original a reference to title VII of Pub. L. 112–158, which enacted subchapter VII of this chapter and provisions set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8752 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8752. Clarification of sensitive technologies for purposes of procurement ban under Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010
The Secretary of State shall—
(1) not later than 90 days after August 10, 2012, issue guidelines to further describe the technologies that may be considered “sensitive technology” for purposes of section 106 of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (22 U.S.C. 8515), with special attention to new forms of sophisticated jamming, monitoring, and surveillance technology relating to mobile telecommunications and the Internet, and publish those guidelines in the Federal Register;
(2) determine the types of technologies that enable any indigenous capabilities that Iran has to disrupt and monitor information and communications in that country, and consider adding descriptions of those items to the guidelines; and
(3) periodically review, but in no case less than once each year, the guidelines and, if necessary, amend the guidelines on the basis of technological developments and new information regarding transfers of technologies to Iran and the development of Iran’s indigenous capabilities to disrupt and monitor information and communications in Iran.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title IV, § 412, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1255.)
22 U.S.C. § 8753 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8753. Expedited consideration of requests for authorization of certain human rights-, humanitarian-, and democracy-related activities with respect to Iran
(a) Requirement
The Office of Foreign Assets Control, in consultation with the Department of State, shall establish an expedited process for the consideration of complete requests for authorization to engage in human rights-, humanitarian-, or democracy-related activities relating to Iran that are submitted by—
(1) entities receiving funds from the Department of State to engage in the proposed activity;
(2) the Broadcasting Board of Governors; and
(3) other appropriate agencies of the United States Government.
(b) Procedures
Requests for authorization under subsection (a) shall be submitted to the Office of Foreign Assets Control in conformance with the Office’s regulations, including section 501.801 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (commonly known as the Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations). Applicants shall fully disclose the parties to the transactions as well as describe the activities to be undertaken. License applications involving the exportation or reexportation of goods, technology, or software to Iran shall include a copy of an official Commodity Classification issued by the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, as part of the license application.
(c) Foreign policy review
The Department of State shall complete a foreign policy review of a request for authorization under subsection (a) not later than 30 days after the request is referred to the Department by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
(d) License determinations
License determinations for complete requests for authorization under subsection (a) shall be made not later than 90 days after receipt by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, with the following exceptions:
(1) Any requests involving the exportation or reexportation to Iran of goods, technology, or software listed on the Commerce Control List maintained pursuant to part 774 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, shall be processed in a manner consistent with the Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992 (title XVI of Public Law 102–484) and other applicable provisions of law.
(2) Any other requests presenting unusual or extraordinary circumstances.
(e) Regulations
The Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe such regulations as are appropriate to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title IV, § 413, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1256.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is title XVI of div. A of Pub. L. 102–484, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2571, which is set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
22 U.S.C. § 8754 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8754. Comprehensive strategy to promote Internet freedom and access to information in Iran
Not later than 90 days after August 10, 2012, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive strategy to—
(1) assist the people of Iran to produce, access, and share information freely and safely via the Internet, including in Farsi and regional languages;
(2) support the development of counter-censorship technologies that enable the citizens of Iran to undertake Internet activities without interference from the Government of Iran;
(3) increase the capabilities and availability of secure mobile and other communications through connective technology among human rights and democracy activists in Iran;
(4) provide resources for digital safety training for media and academic and civil society organizations in Iran;
(5) provide accurate and substantive Internet content in local languages in Iran;
(6) increase emergency resources for the most vulnerable human rights advocates seeking to organize, share information, and support human rights in Iran;
(7) expand surrogate radio, television, live stream, and social network communications inside Iran, including—
(A) by expanding Voice of America’s Persian News Network and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty’s Radio Farda to provide hourly live news update programming and breaking news coverage capability 24 hours a day and 7 days a week; and
(B) by assisting telecommunications and software companies that are United States persons to comply with the export licensing requirements of the United States for the purpose of expanding such communications inside Iran;
(8) expand activities to safely assist and train human rights, civil society, and democracy activists in Iran to operate effectively and securely;
(9) identify and utilize all available resources to overcome attempts by the Government of Iran to jam or otherwise deny international satellite broadcasting signals;
(10) expand worldwide United States embassy and consulate programming for and outreach to Iranian dissident communities;
(11) expand access to proxy servers for democracy activists in Iran; and
(12) discourage telecommunications and software companies from facilitating Internet censorship by the Government of Iran.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title IV, § 414, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1256.)
22 U.S.C. § 8755 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8755. Statement of policy on political prisoners
It shall be the policy of the United States—
(1) to support efforts to research and identify prisoners of conscience and cases of human rights abuses in Iran;
(2) to offer refugee status or political asylum in the United States to political dissidents in Iran if requested and consistent with the laws and national security interests of the United States;
(3) to offer to assist, through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, with the relocation of such political prisoners to other countries if requested, as appropriate and with appropriate consideration for the national security interests of the United States; and
(4) to publicly call for the release of Iranian dissidents by name and raise awareness with respect to individual cases of Iranian dissidents and prisoners of conscience, as appropriate and if requested by the dissidents or prisoners themselves or their families.
(Pub. L. 112–158, title IV, § 415, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1257.)