dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 1856c (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856c. Service in line of duty
Any service performed under section 1856a or section 1856b of this title, by any officer or employee of the United States or any member of any armed force of the United States shall constitute service rendered in line of duty in such office, employment, or force. The performance of such service by any other individual shall not constitute such individual an officer or employee of the United States for the purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5.
(May 27, 1955, ch. 105, § 4, 69 Stat. 67.)
heading: Codification
text: “Subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5” substituted for “the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act, as amended” on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
42 U.S.C. § 1856d (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856d. Funds
(a) Funds available to any agency head for fire protection on installations or in connection with activities under the jurisdiction of such agency may be used to carry out the purposes of this subchapter. All sums received by any agency head for fire protection rendered pursuant to this subchapter shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), all sums received as reimbursements for costs incurred by any Department of Defense activity for fire protection rendered pursuant to this subchapter shall be credited to the same appropriation or fund from which the expenses were paid or, if the period of availability for obligation for that appropriation has expired, to the appropriation or fund that is currently available to the activity for the same purpose. Amounts so credited shall be subject to the same provisions and restrictions as the appropriation or account to which credited.
(May 27, 1955, ch. 105, § 5, 69 Stat. 67; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, § 1080, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 335; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title III, § 364(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1380.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2011—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–81 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), all sums received for any Department of Defense activity for fire protection rendered pursuant to this subchapter shall be credited to the appropriation fund or account from which the expenses were paid. Amounts so credited shall be merged with funds in such appropriation fund or account and shall be available for the same purposes and subject to the same limitations as the funds with which the funds are merged.”
2008—Pub. L. 110–181 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
heading: Effective Date of 2011 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title III, § 364(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1380, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to reimbursements for expenditures of funds appropriated after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011].”
42 U.S.C. § 1856m (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856m. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1) Assume any and all liability
The term “assume any and all liability” means—
(A) the payment of—
(i) any judgment, settlement, fine, penalty, or cost assessment (including prevailing party legal fees) associated with the applicable litigation; and
(ii) any cost incurred in handling the applicable litigation (including legal fees); and
(B) with respect to a Federal firefighter, arranging for, and paying the costs of, representation in the applicable litigation.
(2) Federal firefighter
The term “Federal firefighter” means an individual furnished by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior under an agreement entered into under section 1856n of this title.
(3) Foreign fire organization
The term “foreign fire organization” means any foreign governmental, public, or private entity that has wildfire protection resources.
(4) Foreign firefighter
The term “foreign firefighter” means an individual furnished by a foreign fire organization under an agreement entered into under section 1856n of this title.
(5) Wildfire
The term “wildfire” means any forest or range fire.
(6) Wildfire protection resources
The term “wildfire protection resources” means any personnel, supplies, equipment, or other resources required for wildfire presuppression and suppression activities.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 2, as added Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(2), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1039.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1856m, Pub. L. 100–428, § 2, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1615, related to definitions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(2), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1039.
heading: Short Title of 1989 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 101–11, § 1, Apr. 7, 1989, 103 Stat. 15, provided that: “This Act [repealing section 1856p of this title] may be cited as the ‘Wildfire Suppression Assistance Act’.”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 100–428, § 1, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1615, as amended by Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(1), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1039, provided that: “This Act [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act’.”
42 U.S.C. § 1856n–1 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856n–1. Reciprocal agreements with liability coverage
(a) Protection from liability for foreign firefighters and foreign fire organizations
Subject to subsection (b), in an agreement with a foreign fire organization entered into under section 1856n of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior may provide that—
(1) a foreign firefighter shall be considered to be an employee of the United States for purposes of tort liability while the foreign firefighter is acting within the scope of an official duty under the agreement; and
(2) any claim against the foreign fire organization or any legal organization associated with the foreign firefighter that arises out of an act or omission of the foreign firefighter in the performance of an official duty under the agreement, or that arises out of any other act, omission, or occurrence for which the foreign fire organization or legal organization associated with the foreign firefighter is legally responsible under applicable law, may be prosecuted only—
(A) against the United States; and
(B) as if the act or omission were the act or omission of an employee of the United States.
(b) Protection from liability for Federal firefighters and the Federal Government
The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior may provide the protections under subsection (a) if the foreign fire organization agrees—
(1) to assume any and all liability for any legal action brought against the Federal firefighter for an act or omission of the Federal firefighter while acting within the scope of an official duty under the agreement; and
(2) to the extent the United States or any legal organization associated with the Federal firefighter is not entitled to immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts having jurisdiction over the foreign fire organization receiving the services of the Federal firefighters, to assume any and all liability for any legal action brought against the United States or the legal organization arising out of—
(A) an act or omission of the Federal firefighter in the performance of an official duty under the agreement; or
(B) any other act, omission, or occurrence for which the United States or the legal organization associated with the Federal firefighter is legally responsible under the laws applicable to the foreign fire organization.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 4, as added Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(5), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1040.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 4 of Pub. L. 100–428 was renumbered section 5 and is classified to section 1856o of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1856o (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856o. Funds
Funds available to the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior for wildfire protection resources in connection with activities under the jurisdiction of such Secretary may be used to carry out activities authorized under agreements or otherwise under this subchapter, or for reimbursements authorized under this subchapter: Provided, That no such funds may be expended for wildfire protection resources (including personnel) provided by a foreign fire organization for wildfire suppression activities unless the Secretary determines that no wildfire protection resources (including personnel) within the United States are reasonably available to provide wildfire suppression.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, formerly § 4, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1616; renumbered § 5 and amended Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(4), (6), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1040, 1041.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 5 of Pub. L. 100–428 was classified to section 1856p of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–11.
heading: Amendments
text: 2011—Pub. L. 112–74, § 411(6), substituted “under this subchapter” for “under section 1856n(c) of this title”, “wildfire protection resources (including personnel)” for “wildfire protection resources or personnel” in two places, and “provide wildfire suppression” for “provide wildfire protection” and inserted “for wildfire suppression activities” before “unless”.
42 U.S.C. § 1856p (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1856p. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–11, § 2, Apr. 7, 1989, 103 Stat. 15
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1616, provided that authority to enter into agreements, to furnish or accept emergency wildfire protection resources, or to incur obligations for reimbursement under section 1856n of this title was to terminate Dec. 31, 1988.
42 U.S.C. § 1857c–10 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1857c–10. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–95, title I, § 112(b)(1), Aug. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 709
text: Section, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 119, as added June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 3, 88 Stat. 248, related to the authority of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to deal with energy shortages. See section 7413 of this title.
text: References to section 1857c–10 appearing in section 792 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, shall be construed to refer to section 7413(d) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, see Compliance Orders note set out under section 792 of Title 15.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective Aug. 7, 1977, see section 406 of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 7401 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857d to 1857f–6c (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857d to 1857f–6c. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857d, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 115, formerly § 5, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 396; renumbered § 105 and amended Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, §§ 101(2), (3), 102, 79 Stat. 992, 995; renumbered § 108 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 491; renumbered § 115 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 4(a), (b)(2)–(10), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1678, 1688, 1689, 1713, which related to abatement of air pollution by means of conference procedure, was transferred to section 7415 of this title.
Section 1857d–1, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 116, formerly § 109 as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 497; renumbered and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 4(a), (c), 84 Stat. 1678, 1689; June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 6(b), 88 Stat. 259, which related to retention of State authority concerning air pollution, was transferred to section 7416 of this title.
Section 1857e, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 117, formerly § 6, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 399; renumbered § 106, Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(3), 79 Stat. 992; renumbered § 110 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 498; renumbered § 117 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 4(a), (d), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1678, 1689, 1713, which related to an Air Quality Advisory Board and to advisory committees, was transferred to section 7417 of this title.
Section 1857f, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 118, formerly § 7, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 399; renumbered § 107, Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(3), 79 Stat. 992; renumbered § 111 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 499; renumbered § 118 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 4(a), 5, 84 Stat. 1678, 1689, which related to control and abatement of air pollution from Federal facilities, Presidential exemption, and report to Congress on Presidential exemptions, was transferred to section 7418 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–6d (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1857f–6d. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–604, § 8(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1694
text: Section, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 211, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 503, provided for a national emissions standards study for stationary sources to be conducted by the Secretary, with a report and recommendations to be submitted to the Congress by Nov. 21, 1969, and for a study of the feasibility of controls for jet and piston aircraft engines, with a report thereon to Congress by Nov. 21, 1968.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–6e to 1857f–7 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857f–6e to 1857f–7. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857f–6e, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 212, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 10(c), 84 Stat. 1700; amended Apr. 9, 1973, Pub. L. 93–15, § 1(b), 87 Stat. 11; June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 13(b), 88 Stat. 265, which related to low emission vehicles, was transferred to section 7546 of this title.
Section 1857f–6f, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 213, as added June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 10, 88 Stat. 261; amended S. Res. 4, Feb. 4, 1977, which related to fuel economy for new vehicles, was transferred to section 7547 of this title.
Section 1857f–7, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 214, formerly § 208, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 994; renumbered § 212 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 503; renumbered § 213 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 8(a), 10(d), 11(a)(2)(A), 84 Stat. 1694, 1703, 1705; renumbered § 214, June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 10, 88 Stat. 261, which related to definitions concerning motor vehicle emission and fuel standards, was transferred to section 7550 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–8 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1857f–8. Repealed. Pub. L. 89–675, § 2(b), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 954
text: Section, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 209, as added Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(8), 79 Stat. 995, authorized appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1966, 1967, 1968, and 1969, to carry out sections 1857f–1 to 1857f–7. See section 1857l of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857f–9 to 1857k (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1857f–9 to 1857k. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section 1857f–9, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 231, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1703, which related to the establishment of aircraft emission standards, was transferred to section 7571 of this title.
Section 1857f–10, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 232, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1704, which related to enforcement of aircraft emission standards, was transferred to section 7572 of this title.
Section 1857f–11, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 233, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1704, which related to State standards and controls regarding aircraft emissions, was transferred to section 7573 of this title.
Section 1857f–12, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 234, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 11(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1705, related to definitions concerning aircraft emissions standards, was transferred to section 7574 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1857l (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1857l. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–95, title III, § 306, Aug. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 777
text: Section, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title III, § 316, formerly § 13, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, 77 Stat. 401; renumbered title III, § 306, and amended Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(4), (6), (7), 79 Stat. 992; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–675, § 2(a), 80 Stat. 954; renumbered § 309 and amended Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 506; renumbered § 316 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 12(a), 13(b), 84 Stat. 1705, 1709; Apr. 9, 1973, Pub. L. 93–15, § 1(c), 87 Stat. 11; June 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–319, § 13(c), 88 Stat. 265, authorized appropriations for air pollution control. See section 7626 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1858, 1858a (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1858, 1858a. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section 1858, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title IV, § 402, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 14, 84 Stat. 1709, which established Office of Noise Abatement and Control and authorized investigation of noise and its effects on public health and welfare and a report to Congress on results of this investigation, was transferred to section 7641 of this title.
Section 1858a, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title IV, § 403, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, § 14, 84 Stat. 1710, which authorized appropriations concerning noise pollution, was transferred to section 7642 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1862d (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862d. Set-aside for certain institutions
Of the amounts appropriated to the Foundation for the Program, as authorized under section 101 of this Act, in each fiscal year, at least 12 percent shall be reserved for historically Black colleges or universities defined as “part B institutions” by section 1061(2) of title 20 and other institutions of higher education whose enrollment includes a substantial percentage of students who are Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, or Native Americans.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title II, § 205, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2877.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 101 of this Act, referred to in text, is section 101 of Pub. L. 100–570, title I, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2865, which is not classified to the Code.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Academic Research Facilities Modernization Act of 1988, and also as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862e (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862e. Evaluations of research centers
In carrying out performance reviews of research centers by the Foundation, the Director shall take such action as may be necessary, consistent with the merit review process of the Foundation, to ensure that—
(1) members of review panels are free from any conflict of interest; and
(2) the conditions of each award to such centers have been fulfilled.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title I, § 109, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2869.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862f (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862f. Research center consortia
In Foundation programs making grants to research centers, the Director shall encourage the formation of consortia that include research universities, two-year and four-year colleges, and the private sector.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title I, § 110, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2869.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1862g (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1862g. Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(a) The Director shall operate an Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, the purpose of which is to assist those States that—
(1) historically have received relatively little Federal research and development funding; and
(2) have demonstrated a commitment to develop their research bases and improve science and engineering research and education programs at their universities and colleges.
(b) A State which has received an initial award under such Program, whether or not the award was received before or after October 31, 1988, shall be eligible for up to 5 years of additional support under the program 1 if that State provides assurances of new matching funds and submits an acceptable new plan for using Program funds and matching funds to build the research capabilities of the State.
(Pub. L. 100–570, title I, § 113, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2870.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988, and not as part of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Planning Grants
text: Pub. L. 107–368, § 26, Dec. 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 3067, provided that: “The Director is authorized to accept planning proposals from applicants who are within .075 percentage points of the current eligibility level for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research. Such proposals shall be reviewed by the Foundation to determine their merit for support under the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research or any other appropriate program.”
[For definitions of terms used in section 26 of Pub. L. 107–368, set out above, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–368, set out as a note under section 1862n of this title.]