20 U.S.C. § 2302 (EDUCATION)
§ 2302. Definitions
Unless otherwise specified, in this chapter:
(1) Administration
The term “administration”, when used with respect to an eligible agency or eligible recipient, means activities necessary for the proper and efficient performance of the eligible agency or eligible recipient’s duties under this chapter, including the supervision of such activities. Such term does not include curriculum development activities, personnel development, or research activities.
(2) All aspects of an industry
The term “all aspects of an industry” means strong experience in, and comprehensive understanding of, the industry that the individual is preparing to enter, including information as described in section 2328 of this title.
(3) Area career and technical education school
The term “area career and technical education school” means—
(A) a specialized public secondary school used exclusively or principally for the provision of career and technical education to individuals who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market;
(B) the department of a public secondary school exclusively or principally used for providing career and technical education in not fewer than 5 different occupational fields to individuals who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market;
(C) a public or nonprofit technical institution or career and technical education school used exclusively or principally for the provision of career and technical education to individuals who have completed or left secondary school and who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market, if the institution or school admits, as regular students, individuals who have completed secondary school and individuals who have left secondary school; or
(D) the department or division of an institution of higher education, that operates under the policies of the eligible agency and that provides career and technical education in not fewer than 5 different occupational fields leading to immediate employment but not necessarily leading to a baccalaureate degree, if the department or division admits, as regular students, both individuals who have completed secondary school and individuals who have left secondary school.
(4) Articulation agreement
The term “articulation agreement” means a written commitment—
(A) that is agreed upon at the State level or approved annually by the lead administrators of—
(i) a secondary institution and a postsecondary educational institution; or
(ii) a subbaccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution and a baccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution; and
(B) to a program that is—
(i) designed to provide students with a nonduplicative sequence of progressive achievement leading to technical skill proficiency, a credential, a certificate, or a degree; and
(ii) linked through credit transfer agreements between the 2 institutions described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) (as the case may be).
(5) Career and technical education
The term “career and technical education” means organized educational activities that—
(A) offer a sequence of courses that—
(i) provides individuals with coherent and rigorous content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills needed to prepare for further education and careers in current or emerging professions;
(ii) provides technical skill proficiency, an industry-recognized credential, a certificate, or an associate degree; and
(iii) may include prerequisite courses (other than a remedial course) that meet the requirements of this subparagraph; and
(B) include competency-based applied learning that contributes to the academic knowledge, higher-order reasoning and problem-solving skills, work attitudes, general employability skills, technical skills, and occupation-specific skills, and knowledge of all aspects of an industry, including entrepreneurship, of an individual.
(6) Career and technical student organization
(A) In general
The term “career and technical student organization” means an organization for individuals enrolled in a career and technical education program that engages in career and technical education activities as an integral part of the instructional program.
(B) State and national units
An organization described in subparagraph (A) may have State and national units that aggregate the work and purposes of instruction in career and technical education at the local level.
(7) Career guidance and academic counseling
The term “career guidance and academic counseling” means guidance and counseling that—
(A) provides access for students (and parents, as appropriate) to information regarding career awareness and planning with respect to an individual’s occupational and academic future; and
(B) provides information with respect to career options, financial aid, and postsecondary options, including baccalaureate degree programs.
(8) Charter school
The term “charter school” has the meaning given the term in section 7221i of this title.
(9) Cooperative education
The term “cooperative education” means a method of education for individuals who, through written cooperative arrangements between a school and employers, receive instruction, including required rigorous and challenging academic courses and related career and technical education instruction, by alternation of study in school with a job in any occupational field, which alternation—
(A) shall be planned and supervised by the school and employer so that each contributes to the education and employability of the individual; and
(B) may include an arrangement in which work periods and school attendance may be on alternate half days, full days, weeks, or other periods of time in fulfilling the cooperative program.
(10) Displaced homemaker
The term “displaced homemaker” means an individual who—
(A)
(i) has worked primarily without remuneration to care for a home and family, and for that reason has diminished marketable skills;
(ii) has been dependent on the income of another family member but is no longer supported by that income; or
(iii) is a parent whose youngest dependent child will become ineligible to receive assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) not later than 2 years after the date on which the parent applies for assistance under such title; and
(B) is unemployed or underemployed and is experiencing difficulty in obtaining or upgrading employment.
(11) Educational service agency
The term “educational service agency” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
(12) Eligible agency
The term “eligible agency” means a State board designated or created consistent with State law as the sole State agency responsible for the administration of career and technical education in the State or for the supervision of the administration of career and technical education in the State.
(13) Eligible institution
The term “eligible institution” means—
(A) a public or nonprofit private institution of higher education that offers career and technical education courses that lead to technical skill proficiency, an industry-recognized credential, a certificate, or a degree;
(B) a local educational agency providing education at the postsecondary level;
(C) an area career and technical education school providing education at the postsecondary level;
(D) a postsecondary educational institution controlled by the Bureau of Indian Affairs or operated by or on behalf of any Indian tribe that is eligible to contract with the Secretary of the Interior for the administration of programs under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.) or the Act of April 16, 1934 (25 U.S.C. 452 et seq.);
(E) an educational service agency; or
(F) a consortium of 2 or more of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
(14) Eligible recipient
The term “eligible recipient” means—
(A) a local educational agency (including a public charter school that operates as a local educational agency), an area career and technical education school, an educational service agency, or a consortium, eligible to receive assistance under section 2351 of this title; or
(B) an eligible institution or consortium of eligible institutions eligible to receive assistance under section 2352 of this title.
(15) Governor
The term “Governor” means the chief executive officer of a State.
(16) Individual with limited English proficiency
The term “individual with limited English proficiency” means a secondary school student, an adult, or an out-of-school youth, who has limited ability in speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language, and—
(A) whose native language is a language other than English; or
(B) who lives in a family or community environment in which a language other than English is the dominant language.
(17) Individual with a disability
(A) In general
The term “individual with a disability” means an individual with any disability (as defined in section 12102 of title 42).
(B) Individuals with disabilities
The term “individuals with disabilities” means more than 1 individual with a disability.
(18) Institution of higher education
The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given the term in section 1001 of this title.
(19) Local educational agency
The term “local educational agency” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
(20) Non-traditional fields
The term “non-traditional fields” means occupations or fields of work, including careers in computer science, technology, and other current and emerging high skill occupations, for which individuals from one gender comprise less than 25 percent of the individuals employed in each such occupation or field of work.
(21) Outlying area
The term “outlying area” means the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau.
(22) Postsecondary educational institution
The term “postsecondary educational institution” means—
(A) an institution of higher education that provides not less than a 2-year program of instruction that is acceptable for credit toward a bachelor’s degree;
(B) a tribally controlled college or university; or
(C) a nonprofit educational institution offering certificate or apprenticeship programs at the postsecondary level.
(23) Postsecondary education tech prep student
The term “postsecondary education tech prep student” means a student who—
(A) has completed the secondary education component of a tech prep program; and
(B) has enrolled in the postsecondary education component of a tech prep program at an institution of higher education described in clause (i) or (ii) of section 2373(a)(1)(B) of this title.
(24) School dropout
The term “school dropout” means an individual who is no longer attending any school and who has not received a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent.
(25) Scientifically based research
The term “scientifically based research” means research that is carried out using scientifically based research standards, as defined in section 9501 of this title.
(26) Secondary education tech prep student
The term “secondary education tech prep student” means a secondary education student who has enrolled in 2 courses in the secondary education component of a tech prep program.
(27) Secondary school
The term “secondary school” has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.
(28) Secretary
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Education.
(29) Special populations
The term “special populations” means—
(A) individuals with disabilities;
(B) individuals from economically disadvantaged families, including foster children;
(C) individuals preparing for non-traditional fields;
(D) single parents, including single pregnant women;
(E) displaced homemakers; and
(F) individuals with limited English proficiency.
(30) State
The term “State”, unless otherwise specified, means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each outlying area.
(31) Support services
The term “support services” means services related to curriculum modification, equipment modification, classroom modification, supportive personnel, and instructional aids and devices.
(32) Tech prep program
The term “tech prep program” means a tech prep program described in section 2373(c) of this title.
(33) Tribally controlled college or university
The term “tribally controlled college or university” has the meaning given the term in section 1801(a) of title 25.
(34) Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution
The term “tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution” means an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001 of this title, except that subsection (a)(2) of such section shall not be applicable and the reference to Secretary in subsection (a)(5) of such section shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of the Interior) that—
(A) is formally controlled, or has been formally sanctioned or chartered, by the governing body of an Indian tribe or Indian tribes;
(B) offers a technical degree or certificate granting program;
(C) is governed by a board of directors or trustees, a majority of whom are Indians;
(D) demonstrates adherence to stated goals, a philosophy, or a plan of operation, that fosters individual Indian economic and self-sufficiency opportunity, including programs that are appropriate to stated tribal goals of developing individual entrepreneurships and self-sustaining economic infrastructures on reservations;
(E) has been in operation for at least 3 years;
(F) holds accreditation with or is a candidate for accreditation by a nationally recognized accrediting authority for postsecondary career and technical education; and
(G) enrolls the full-time equivalent of not less than 100 students, of whom a majority are Indians.
(Pub. L. 88–210, § 3, as added Pub. L. 109–270, § 1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 685; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 941(k)(2)(D)(i), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3466.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (10)(A)(iii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§ 601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in par. (13)(D), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 450 of Title 25 and Tables.
Act of April 16, 1934, referred to in par. (13)(D), is act Apr. 16, 1934, ch. 147, 48 Stat. 596, as amended, popularly known as the Johnson-O’Malley Act, which is classified generally to section 452 et seq. of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 452 of Title 25 and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2302, Pub. L. 88–210, § 3, as added Pub. L. 105–332, § 1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3077; amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1076(k), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2091, related to definitions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.
Another prior section 2302, Pub. L. 88–210, § 3, as added Pub. L. 98–524, § 1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2437; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §§ 6131(b), 6134(b), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1511, 1512; Pub. L. 101–392, § 3, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 756, authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1991 to 1995 to carry out former subchapters I to IV of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Par. (33). Pub. L. 110–315 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 1801(a) of title 25.