dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
29 U.S.C. § 2005 (LABOR)
§ 2005. Enforcement provisions
(a) Civil penalties
(1) In general
Subject to paragraph (2), any employer who violates any provision of this chapter may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $10,000.
(2) Determination of amount
In determining the amount of any penalty under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take into account the previous record of the person in terms of compliance with this chapter and the gravity of the violation.
(3) Collection
Any civil penalty assessed under this subsection shall be collected in the same manner as is required by subsections (b) through (e) of section 1853 of this title with respect to civil penalties assessed under subsection (a) of such section.
(b) Injunctive actions by Secretary
The Secretary may bring an action under this section to restrain violations of this chapter. The Solicitor of Labor may appear for and represent the Secretary in any litigation brought under this chapter. In any action brought under this section, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction, for cause shown, to issue temporary or permanent restraining orders and injunctions to require compliance with this chapter, including such legal or equitable relief incident thereto as may be appropriate, including, but not limited to, employment, reinstatement, promotion, and the payment of lost wages and benefits.
(c) Private civil actions
(1) Liability
An employer who violates this chapter shall be liable to the employee or prospective employee affected by such violation. Such employer shall be liable for such legal or equitable relief as may be appropriate, including, but not limited to, employment, reinstatement, promotion, and the payment of lost wages and benefits.
(2) Court
An action to recover the liability prescribed in paragraph (1) may be maintained against the employer in any Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction by an employee or prospective employee for or on behalf of such employee, prospective employee, and other employees or prospective employees similarly situated. No such action may be commenced more than 3 years after the date of the alleged violation.
(3) Costs
The court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party (other than the United States) reasonable costs, including attorney’s fees.
(d) Waiver of rights prohibited
The rights and procedures provided by this chapter may not be waived by contract or otherwise, unless such waiver is part of a written settlement agreed to and signed by the parties to the pending action or complaint under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 100–347, § 6, June 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 647.)
29 U.S.C. § 2008 (LABOR)
§ 2008. Disclosure of information
(a) In general
A person, other than the examinee, may not disclose information obtained during a polygraph test, except as provided in this section.
(b) Permitted disclosures
A polygraph examiner may disclose information acquired from a polygraph test only to—
(1) the examinee or any other person specifically designated in writing by the examinee;
(2) the employer that requested the test; or
(3) any court, governmental agency, arbitrator, or mediator, in accordance with due process of law, pursuant to an order from a court of competent jurisdiction.
(c) Disclosure by employer
An employer (other than an employer described in subsection (a), (b), or (c) of section 2006 of this title) for whom a polygraph test is conducted may disclose information from the test only to—
(1) a person in accordance with subsection (b) of this section; or
(2) a governmental agency, but only insofar as the disclosed information is an admission of criminal conduct.
(Pub. L. 100–347, § 9, June 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 652.)
29 U.S.C. § 2009 (LABOR)
§ 2009. Effect on other law and agreements
Except as provided in subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 2006 of this title, this chapter shall not preempt any provision of any State or local law or of any negotiated collective bargaining agreement that prohibits lie detector tests or is more restrictive with respect to lie detector tests than any provision of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 100–347, § 10, June 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 653.)
29 U.S.C. § 2103 (LABOR)
§ 2103. Exemptions
This chapter shall not apply to a plant closing or mass layoff if—
(1) the closing is of a temporary facility or the closing or layoff is the result of the completion of a particular project or undertaking, and the affected employees were hired with the understanding that their employment was limited to the duration of the facility or the project or undertaking; or
(2) the closing or layoff constitutes a strike or constitutes a lockout not intended to evade the requirements of this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall require an employer to serve written notice pursuant to section 2102(a) of this title when permanently replacing a person who is deemed to be an economic striker under the National Labor Relations Act [29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.]: Provided, That nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to validate or invalidate any judicial or administrative ruling relating to the hiring of permanent replacements for economic strikers under the National Labor Relations Act.
(Pub. L. 100–379, § 4, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 892.)
heading: References in Text
text: The National Labor Relations Act, referred to in par. (2), is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 452, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of this title and Tables.
29 U.S.C. § 2105 (LABOR)
§ 2105. Procedures in addition to other rights of employees
The rights and remedies provided to employees by this chapter are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other contractual or statutory rights and remedies of the employees, and are not intended to alter or affect such rights and remedies, except that the period of notification required by this chapter shall run concurrently with any period of notification required by contract or by any other statute.
(Pub. L. 100–379, § 6, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 894.)
29 U.S.C. § 2106 (LABOR)
§ 2106. Procedures encouraged where not required
It is the sense of Congress that an employer who is not required to comply with the notice requirements of section 2102 of this title should, to the extent possible, provide notice to its employees about a proposal to close a plant or permanently reduce its workforce.
(Pub. L. 100–379, § 7, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 894.)
29 U.S.C. § 2107 (LABOR)
§ 2107. Authority to prescribe regulations
(a) The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this chapter. Such regulations shall, at a minimum, include interpretative regulations describing the methods by which employers may provide for appropriate service of notice as required by this chapter.
(b) The mailing of notice to an employee’s last known address or inclusion of notice in the employee’s paycheck will be considered acceptable methods for fulfillment of the employer’s obligation to give notice to each affected employee under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 100–379, § 8, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 894.)
29 U.S.C. § 2108 (LABOR)
§ 2108. Effect on other laws
The giving of notice pursuant to this chapter, if done in good faith compliance with this chapter, shall not constitute a violation of the National Labor Relations Act [29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.] or the Railway Labor Act [45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.].
(Pub. L. 100–379, § 9, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 894.)
heading: References in Text
text: The National Labor Relations Act, referred to in text, is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 452, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of this title and Tables.
The Railway Labor Act, referred to in text, is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of Title 45 and Tables.
29 U.S.C. § 2109 (LABOR)
§ 2109. Report on employment and international competitiveness
Two years after August 4, 1988, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Small Business of both the House and Senate, the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, and the Committee on Education and Labor a report containing a detailed and objective analysis of the effect of this chapter on employers (especially small- and medium-sized businesses), the economy (international competitiveness), and employees (in terms of levels and conditions of employment). The Comptroller General shall assess both costs and benefits, including the effect on productivity, competitiveness, unemployment rates and compensation, and worker retraining and readjustment.
(Pub. L. 100–379, § 10, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 894.)
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Small Business of Senate changed to Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship of Senate. See Senate Resolution No. 123, One Hundred Seventh Congress, June 29, 2001.
Committee on Labor and Human Resources of Senate changed to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of Senate by Senate Resolution No. 20, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 19, 1999.
Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
29 U.S.C. § 2201, 2202 (LABOR)
§§ 2201, 2202. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661
text: Section 2201, Pub. L. 100–407, § 2, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1044; Pub. L. 103–218, § 3, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 51, related to findings, purposes, and policy.
text: Section 2202, Pub. L. 100–407, § 3, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1046; Pub. L. 103–218, § 4, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 54; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(a)(9)(B), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1620, related to definitions.
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 100–407, § 1, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1044, provided that Pub. L. 100–407 could be cited as the “Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals With Disabilities Act of 1988”, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661.
29 U.S.C. § 2211 to 2216 (LABOR)
§§ 2211 to 2216. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661
text: Section 2211, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 101, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1047; Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 101, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 57; Pub. L. 105–220, title IV, § 414(b)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1242, authorized program.
text: Section 2212, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 102, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1052; Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 102, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 105–220, title IV, § 414(b)(2), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1242, related to development grants.
text: Section 2213, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 103, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 103, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 70, related to extension grants.
text: Section 2214, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 104, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1056; Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 104, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 75, related to progress criteria and reports.
text: Section 2215, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 105, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, § 901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 105, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 76, related to administrative provisions.
text: Section 2216, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 106, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 106, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 82, related to authorization of appropriations.
29 U.S.C. § 2217 (LABOR)
§ 2217. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–218, title I, § 107, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 85
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–407, title I, § 107, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1058, directed Secretary of Education to conduct national evaluation of program of grants to States authorized by this subchapter and to report to Congress on results not later than Oct. 1, 1992.
29 U.S.C. § 2231 (LABOR)
§ 2231. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 201, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 201, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 85, related to classification system for assistive technology devices and assistive technology services.
text: A prior section 2231, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 201, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1059, directed National Council on the Handicapped to study implementation, acquisition or financing assistive technology devices and services for individuals with disabilities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–218, § 201.
29 U.S.C. § 2241 to 2246 (LABOR)
§§ 2241 to 2246. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661
text: Section 2241, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 211, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 87, related to technology training.
text: A prior section 2241, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 211, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1060, related to establishment of national information and program referral network, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–218, § 202.
text: Section 2242, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 212, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 89, related to technology transfer.
text: A prior section 2242, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 212, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1060, related to feasibility studies undertaken by Secretary of Labor concerning the national information and program referral network, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–218, § 202.
text: Section 2243, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 213, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 89, related to device and equipment redistribution information systems and recycling centers.
text: A prior section 2243, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 213, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1060, prescribed contents of study conducted by Secretary of Labor concerning the national information and program referral network, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–218, § 202.
text: Section 2244, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 214, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 90, related to business opportunities for individuals with disabilities.
text: A prior section 2244, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 214, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1062, prescribed timetable for study conducted by Secretary of Labor concerning the national information and program referral network, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–218, § 202.
text: Section 2245, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 215, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 90, related to products of universal design.
text: Section 2246, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 216, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 90, related to governing standards for activities.
29 U.S.C. § 2251 (LABOR)
§ 2251. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 221, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 91, related to authorization of appropriations.
text: Prior sections 2251 to 2253 and 2261 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–218, title II, § 202, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 87.
text: Section 2251, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 221, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 102–569, title IX, § 913(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4487, related to training programs for those in need of technologically-related assistance.
text: Section 2252, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 222, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 102–569, title IX, § 913(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4487, related to grants or contracts for technologically-related assistance public awareness projects.
text: Section 2253, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 223, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1063, related to establishment by Secretary of Labor of program priorities implementing technologically-related assistance.
text: Section 2261, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 231, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 102–569, title IX, § 913(3), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4487, which comprised part D of this subchapter, authorized demonstration and innovation projects relating to technology-related assistance.
text: Section 2271, Pub. L. 100–407, title II, § 241, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1064, which comprised part E of this subchapter, authorized appropriations to carry out this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 366, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975, effective as if included in Pub. L. 103–218.
29 U.S.C. § 2281 to 2288 (LABOR)
§§ 2281 to 2288. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–394, title IV, § 401, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3661
text: Section 2281, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 301, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 91, related to general authority to provide alternative financing mechanisms.
text: Section 2282, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 302, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 92, related to applications and procedures.
text: Section 2283, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 303, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 93, related to grant administration requirements.
text: Section 2284, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 304, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 93, related to financial requirements to receive a grant under section 2281 of this title.
text: Section 2285, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 305, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 94, related to amount of grants.
text: Section 2286, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 306, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 94, related to information and technical assistance to States.
text: Section 2287, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 307, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 95, related to annual report.
text: Section 2288, Pub. L. 100–407, title III, § 308, as added Pub. L. 103–218, title III, § 301, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 95, related to authorization of appropriations.
29 U.S.C. § 2301 to 2314 (LABOR)
§§ 2301 to 2314. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, § 199(a)(3), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059
text: Section 2301, Pub. L. 101–554, § 2, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2751, stated findings of Congress and purpose of chapter.
text: Section 2302, Pub. L. 101–554, § 3, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2751, defined terms used in chapter.
text: Section 2303, Pub. L. 101–554, § 4, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2752, authorized grant program.
text: Section 2304, Pub. L. 101–554, § 5, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2753, related to application and priority for competitive grants.
text: Section 2305, Pub. L. 101–554, § 6, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2753, related to use of competitive grant funds.
text: Section 2306, Pub. L. 101–554, § 7, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2753, related to allocation of assistance to States.
text: Section 2307, Pub. L. 101–554, § 8, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2754, related to State plans.
text: Section 2308, Pub. L. 101–554, § 9, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2755, related to State administration.
text: Section 2309, Pub. L. 101–554, § 10, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2755, related to use of funds.
text: Section 2310, Pub. L. 101–554, § 11, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2756, related to within State allocation.
text: Section 2311, Pub. L. 101–554, § 12, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2756, related to eligible service providers.
text: Section 2312, Pub. L. 101–554, § 13, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2756, related to national activities.
text: Section 2313, Pub. L. 101–554, § 14, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2757, contained administrative provisions.
text: Section 2314, Pub. L. 101–554, § 15, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2757, authorized appropriations.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Pub. L. 105–220, title I, § 199(c)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, provided that: “The repeals made by subsection (a) [repealing sections 2301 to 2314 of this title, section 211 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, sections 11441 to 11447, 11449, and 11450 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 42101 to 42106 of Title 49, Transportation, and repealing provisions set out as notes below and under section 1255a of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act.”
Pub. L. 101–554, § 1, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2751, provided that Pub. L. 101–554, which enacted this chapter, could be cited as the “Displaced Homemakers Self-Sufficiency Assistance Act”, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–220, title I, § 199(a)(3), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059.
29 U.S.C. § 2401 to 2405 (LABOR)
§§ 2401 to 2405. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–332, § 6(b)(3), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3128
text: Section 2401, Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1511, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 831, stated purpose of chapter.
text: Section 2402, Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1512, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 831, authorized establishment of National Center for the Workplace.
text: Section 2403, Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1513, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 832, related to use of funds.
text: Section 2404, Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1514, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 833, related to gifts and donations.
text: Section 2405, Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1515, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 833, authorized appropriations.
29 U.S.C. § 2501 (LABOR)
§ 2501. Findings; statement of purpose
(a) Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) American businesses now and for the remainder of the 20th century will face a dramatically different labor market than the one to which they have become accustomed;
(2) two in every three new entrants to the work force will be women, and to meet labor needs such women must work in all occupational areas including in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations;
(3) women face significant barriers to their full and effective participation in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations;
(4) the business community must be prepared to address the barriers that women have to such jobs, in order to successfully integrate them into the work force; and
(5) few resources are available to employers and unions who need assistance in recruiting, training, and retaining women in apprenticeable occupations and other nontraditional occupations.
(b) Purpose
It is the purpose of this chapter to provide technical assistance to employers and labor unions to encourage employment of women in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations. Such assistance will enable business to meet the challenge of Workforce 2000 by preparing employers to successfully recruit, train, and retain women in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations and will expand the employment and self-sufficiency options of women. This purpose will be achieved by—
(1) promoting the program to employers and labor unions to inform them of the availability of technical assistance which will assist them in preparing the workplace to employ women in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations;
(2) providing grants to community-based organizations to deliver technical assistance to employers and labor unions to prepare them to recruit, train, and employ women in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations;
(3) authorizing the Department of Labor to serve as a liaison between employers, labor, and the community-based organizations providing technical assistance, through its national office and its regional administrators; and
(4) conducting a comprehensive study to examine the barriers to the participation of women in apprenticeable occupations and nontraditional occupations and to develop recommendations for the workplace to eliminate such barriers.
(Pub. L. 102–530, § 2, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3465.)
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 102–530, § 1, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3465, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] shall be cited as the ‘Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations Act’.”