dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 7833 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7833. Assistance provided outside of North Korea
(a) Assistance
The President is authorized to provide assistance to support organizations or persons that provide humanitarian assistance to North Koreans who are outside of North Korea without the permission of the Government of North Korea.
(b) Types of assistance
Assistance provided under subsection (a) should be used to provide—
(1) humanitarian assistance to North Korean refugees, defectors, migrants, and orphans outside of North Korea, which may include support for refugee camps or temporary settlements; and
(2) humanitarian assistance to North Korean women outside of North Korea who are victims of trafficking, as defined in section 7102(15) of this title, or are in danger of being trafficked.
(c) Authorization of appropriations
(1) In general
In addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2013 through 2017 to carry out this section.
(2) Availability
Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available until expended.
(Pub. L. 108–333, title II, § 203, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1294; Pub. L. 110–346, § 10, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3942; Pub. L. 112–172, § 9, Aug. 16, 2012, 126 Stat. 1309; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, § 1212(b)(2)(B), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 144.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113–4 substituted “section 7102(15)” for “section 7102(14)”.
2012—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 112–172 substituted “$5,000,000” for “$20,000,000” and “2013 through 2017” for “2005 through 2012”.
2008—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–346 substituted “2012” for “2008”.
22 U.S.C. § 7841 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7841. United States policy toward refugees and defectors
(a) Report
Not later than 120 days after October 18, 2004, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate a report that describes the situation of North Korean refugees and explains United States Government policy toward North Korean nationals outside of North Korea.
(b) Contents
The report shall include—
(1) an assessment of the circumstances facing North Korean refugees and migrants in hiding, particularly in China, and of the circumstances they face if forcibly returned to North Korea;
(2) an assessment of whether North Koreans in China have effective access to personnel of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and of whether the Government of China is fulfilling its obligations under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, particularly Articles 31, 32, and 33 of such Convention;
(3) an assessment of whether North Koreans presently have unobstructed access to United States refugee and asylum processing, and of United States policy toward North Koreans who may present themselves at United States embassies or consulates and request protection as refugees or asylum seekers and resettlement in the United States;
(4) the total number of North Koreans who have been admitted into the United States as refugees or asylees in each of the past 5 years;
(5) an estimate of the number of North Koreans with family connections to United States citizens; and
(6) a description of the measures that the Secretary of State is taking to carry out section 7843 of this title.
(c) Form
The information required by paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (b) shall be provided in unclassified form. All or part of the information required by subsection (b)(6) may be provided in classified form, if necessary.
(Pub. L. 108–333, title III, § 301, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1295.)
22 U.S.C. § 7842 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7842. Eligibility for refugee or asylum consideration
(a) Purpose
The purpose of this section is to clarify that North Koreans are not barred from eligibility for refugee status or asylum in the United States on account of any legal right to citizenship they may enjoy under the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. It is not intended in any way to prejudice whatever rights to citizenship North Koreans may enjoy under the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, or to apply to former North Korean nationals who have availed themselves of those rights.
(b) Treatment of nationals of North Korea
For purposes of eligibility for refugee status under section 1157 of title 8, or for asylum under section 1158 of title 8, a national of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea shall not be considered a national of the Republic of Korea.
(Pub. L. 108–333, title III, § 302, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1295.)
22 U.S.C. § 7843 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7843. Facilitating submission of applications for admission as a refugee
The Secretary of State shall undertake to facilitate the submission of applications under section 1157 of title 8 by citizens of North Korea seeking protection as refugees (as defined in section 1101(a)(42) of title 8).
(Pub. L. 108–333, title III, § 303, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1296.)
22 U.S.C. § 7844 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7844. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(a) Actions in China
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the Government of China has obligated itself to provide the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with unimpeded access to North Koreans inside its borders to enable the UNHCR to determine whether they are refugees and whether they require assistance, pursuant to the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, and Article III, paragraph 5 of the 1995 Agreement on the Upgrading of the UNHCR Mission in the People’s Republic of China to UNHCR Branch Office in the People’s Republic of China (referred to in this section as the “UNHCR Mission Agreement”);
(2) the United States, other UNHCR donor governments, and UNHCR should persistently and at the highest levels continue to urge the Government of China to abide by its previous commitments to allow UNHCR unimpeded access to North Korean refugees inside China;
(3) the UNHCR, in order to effectively carry out its mandate to protect refugees, should liberally employ as professionals or Experts on Mission persons with significant experience in humanitarian assistance work among displaced North Koreans in China;
(4) the UNHCR, in order to effectively carry out its mandate to protect refugees, should liberally contract with appropriate nongovernmental organizations that have a proven record of providing humanitarian assistance to displaced North Koreans in China;
(5) the UNHCR should pursue a multilateral agreement to adopt an effective “first asylum” policy that guarantees safe haven and assistance to North Korean refugees; and
(6) should the Government of China begin actively fulfilling its obligations toward North Korean refugees, all countries, including the United States, and relevant international organizations should increase levels of humanitarian assistance provided inside China to help defray costs associated with the North Korean refugee presence.
(b) Arbitration proceedings
It is further the sense of Congress that—
(1) if the Government of China continues to refuse to provide the UNHCR with access to North Koreans within its borders, the UNHCR should initiate arbitration proceedings pursuant to Article XVI of the UNHCR Mission Agreement and appoint an arbitrator for the UNHCR; and
(2) because access to refugees is essential to the UNHCR mandate and to the purpose of a UNHCR branch office, a failure to assert those arbitration rights in present circumstances would constitute a significant abdication by the UNHCR of one of its core responsibilities.
(Pub. L. 108–333, title III, § 304, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1296.)
22 U.S.C. § 7845 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7845. Annual reports
(a) Immigration and refugee information
Not later than 1 year after October 18, 2004, and every 12 months thereafter through 2017, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a joint report to the appropriate congressional committees and the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate on the operation of this subchapter during the previous year, which shall include the following:
(1) The number of aliens who are nationals or citizens of North Korea who applied for political asylum and the number who were granted political asylum.
(2) The number of aliens who are nationals or citizens of North Korea who applied for refugee status and the number who were granted refugee status.
(3) A detailed description of the measures undertaken by the Secretary of State to carry out section 7843 of this title, including country-specific information with respect to United States efforts to secure the cooperation and permission of the governments of countries in East and Southeast Asia to facilitate United States processing of North Koreans seeking protection as refugees. The information required under this paragraph shall be provided in unclassified form, with a classified annex, if necessary.
(b) Countries of particular concern
The President shall include in each annual report on proposed refugee admission pursuant to section 1157(d) of title 8, information about specific measures taken to facilitate access to the United States refugee program for individuals who have fled countries of particular concern for violations of religious freedom, identified pursuant to section 6442(b) of this title. The report shall include, for each country of particular concern, a description of access of the nationals or former habitual residents of that country to a refugee determination on the basis of—
(1) referrals by external agencies to a refugee adjudication;
(2) groups deemed to be of special humanitarian concern to the United States for purposes of refugee resettlement; and
(3) family links to the United States.
(Pub. L. 108–333, title III, § 305, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 110–346, § 11, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3942; Pub. L. 112–172, § 10, Aug. 16, 2012, 126 Stat. 1309.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–172 substituted “2017” for “2012” in introductory provisions.
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–346, § 11(1), (2), inserted “and refugee” before “information” in heading, and, in introductory provisions, substituted “through 2012” for “for each of the following 5 years” and “which shall include the following:” for “which shall include—”.
Pub. L. 110–346, § 11(3)–(5), substituted “The number of aliens” for “the number of aliens” in pars. (1) and (2) and a period for “; and” in par. (1) and added par. (3).
22 U.S.C. § 7901 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7901. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Carbon sequestration
The term “carbon sequestration” means the capture of carbon dioxide through terrestrial, geological, biological, or other means, which prevents the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
(2) Greenhouse gas
The term “greenhouse gas” means carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
(3) Greenhouse gas intensity
The term “greenhouse gas intensity” means the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to economic output.
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 731, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1113.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 739, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1117, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this part [part C (§§ 731–739) of title VII of Pub. L. 101–240, enacting this chapter], this part takes effect on October 1, 2005.”
22 U.S.C. § 7903 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7903. Technology inventory for developing countries
(a) In general
The Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, shall conduct an inventory of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies that are developed, or under development in the United States, to identify technologies that are suitable for transfer to, deployment in, and commercialization in the developing countries identified in the report submitted under section 7902(a)(2)(A) of this title.
(b) Report
Not later than 180 days after the completion of the inventory under subsection (a), the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly submit to Congress a report that—
(1) includes the results of the completed inventory;
(2) identifies obstacles to the transfer, deployment, and commercialization of the inventoried technologies;
(3) includes results from previous Federal reports related to the inventoried technologies; and
(4) includes an analysis of market forces related to the inventoried technologies.
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 733, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1114.)
22 U.S.C. § 7904 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7904. Trade-related barriers to export of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies
(a) In general
Not later than 1 year after August 8, 2005, the United States Trade Representative shall (as appropriate and consistent with applicable bilateral, regional, and mutual trade agreements)—
(1) identify trade-relations barriers maintained by foreign countries to the export of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices from the United States to the developing countries identified in the report submitted under section 7902(a)(2)(A) of this title; and
(2) negotiate with foreign countries for the removal of those barriers.
(b) Annual report
Not later than 1 year after the date on which a report is submitted under subsection (a)(1) and annually thereafter, the United States Trade Representative shall submit to Congress a report that describes any progress made with respect to removing the barriers identified by the United States Trade Representative under subsection (a)(1).
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 734, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1115.)
22 U.S.C. § 7905 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7905. Greenhouse Gas Intensity Reducing Technology Export Initiative
(a) In general
There is established an interagency working group to carry out a Greenhouse Gas Intensity Reducing Technology Export Initiative to—
(1) promote the export of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices from the United States;
(2) identify developing countries that should be designated as priority countries for the purpose of exporting greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices, based on the report submitted under section 7902(a)(2)(A) of this title;
(3) identify potential barriers to adoption of exported greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices based on the reports submitted under section 7904 of this title; and
(4) identify previous efforts to export energy technologies to learn best practices.
(b) Composition
The working group shall be composed of—
(1) the Secretary of State, who shall act as the head of the working group;
(2) the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development;
(3) the United States Trade Representative;
(4) a designee of the Secretary of Energy;
(5) a designee of the Secretary of Commerce; and
(6) a designee of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
(c) Performance reviews and reports
Not later than 180 days after August 8, 2005, and each year thereafter, the interagency working group shall—
(1) conduct a performance review of actions taken and results achieved by the Federal Government (including each of the agencies represented on the interagency working group) to promote the export of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices from the United States; and
(2) submit to the appropriate authorizing and appropriating committees of Congress a report that describes the results of the performance reviews and evaluates progress in promoting the export of greenhouse gas intensity reducing technologies and practices from the United States, including any recommendations for increasing the export of the technologies and practices.
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 735, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1115.)
22 U.S.C. § 7906 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7906. Technology demonstration projects
(a) In general
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall promote the adoption of technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas intensity in developing countries in accordance with this section.
(b) Demonstration projects
(1) In general
The Secretaries and the Administrator shall plan, coordinate, and carry out, or provide assistance for the planning, coordination, or carrying out of, demonstration projects under this section in at least 10 eligible countries, as determined by the Secretaries and the Administrator.
(2) Eligibility
A country shall be eligible for assistance under this subsection if the Secretaries and the Administrator determine that the country has demonstrated a commitment to—
(A) just governance, including—
(i) promoting the rule of law;
(ii) respecting human and civil rights;
(iii) protecting private property rights; and
(iv) combating corruption; and
(B) economic freedom, including economic policies that—
(i) encourage citizens and firms to participate in global trade and international capital markets;
(ii) promote private sector growth and the sustainable management of natural resources; and
(iii) strengthen market forces in the economy.
(3) Selection
In determining which eligible countries to provide assistance to under paragraph (1), the Secretaries and the Administrator shall consider—
(A) the opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas intensity in the eligible country; and
(B) the opportunity to generate economic growth in the eligible country.
(4) Types of projects
Demonstration projects under this section may include—
(A) coal gasification, coal liquefaction, and clean coal projects;
(B) carbon sequestration projects;
(C) cogeneration technology initiatives;
(D) renewable projects; and
(E) lower emission transportation.
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 736, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1116.)
22 U.S.C. § 7907 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7907. Fellowship and exchange programs
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall carry out fellowship and exchange programs under which officials from developing countries visit the United States to acquire expertise and knowledge of best practices to reduce greenhouse gas intensity in their countries.
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 737, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1117.)
22 U.S.C. § 7908 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 7908. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this chapter.
(Pub. L. 101–240, title VII, § 738, as added Pub. L. 109–58, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1117.)
22 U.S.C. § 8004 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8004. United States compliance with its nuclear nonproliferation treaty obligations
Nothing in this chapter constitutes authority for any action in violation of an obligation of the United States under the NPT.
(Pub. L. 109–401, title I, § 105, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2738.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title I of Pub. L. 109–401, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2726, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8001 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 8005 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8005. Inoperability of determination and waivers
A determination and any waiver under section 8003 of this title shall cease to be effective if the President determines that India has detonated a nuclear explosive device after December 18, 2006.
(Pub. L. 109–401, title I, § 106, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2738.)
22 U.S.C. § 8006 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8006. MTCR adherent status
Congress finds that India is not an MTCR adherent for the purposes of section 2797b of this title.
(Pub. L. 109–401, title I, § 107, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2738.)
22 U.S.C. § 8007 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8007. United States-India scientific cooperative nuclear nonproliferation program
(a) Establishment
The Secretary of Energy, acting through the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, is authorized to establish a cooperative nuclear nonproliferation program to pursue jointly with scientists from the United States and India a program to further common nuclear nonproliferation goals, including scientific research and development efforts, with an emphasis on nuclear safeguards (in this section referred to as “the program”).
(b) Consultation
The program shall be carried out in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense.
(c) National Academies recommendations
(1) In general
The Secretary of Energy shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies to develop recommendations for the implementation of the program.
(2) Recommendations
The agreement entered into under paragraph (1) shall provide for the preparation by qualified individuals with relevant expertise and knowledge and the communication to the Secretary of Energy each fiscal year of—
(A) recommendations for research and related programs designed to overcome existing technological barriers to nuclear nonproliferation; and
(B) an assessment of whether activities and programs funded under this section are achieving the goals of the activities and programs.
(3) Public availability
The recommendations and assessments prepared under this subsection shall be made publicly available.
(d) Consistency with Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
All United States activities related to the program shall be consistent with United States obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2011.
(Pub. L. 109–401, title I, § 109, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2739.)
22 U.S.C. § 8103 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8103. Severability
If any provision of this chapter, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this chapter, or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby.
(Pub. L. 109–401, title II, § 204, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2743.)
22 U.S.C. § 8111 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 8111. Authority
(a) In general
The President is authorized to implement and carry out the provisions of this chapter and the Additional Protocol and shall designate through Executive order which executive agency or agencies of the United States, which may include but are not limited to the Department of State, the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Energy, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall issue or amend and enforce regulations in order to implement this chapter and the provisions of the Additional Protocol.
(b) Included authority
For any executive agency designated under subsection (a) that does not currently possess the authority to conduct site vulnerability assessments and related activities, the authority provided in subsection (a) includes such authority.
(c) Exception
The authority described in subsection (b) does not supersede or otherwise modify any existing authority of any Federal department or agency already having such authority.
(Pub. L. 109–401, title II, § 211, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2743.)