dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
42 U.S.C. § 1973h (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973h. Poll taxes
(a) Congressional finding and declaration of policy against enforced payment of poll taxes as a device to impair voting rights
The Congress finds that the requirement of the payment of a poll tax as a precondition to voting (i) precludes persons of limited means from voting or imposes unreasonable financial hardship upon such persons as a precondition to their exercise of the franchise, (ii) does not bear a reasonable relationship to any legitimate State interest in the conduct of elections, and (iii) in some areas has the purpose or effect of denying persons the right to vote because of race or color. Upon the basis of these findings, Congress declares that the constitutional right of citizens to vote is denied or abridged in some areas by the requirement of the payment of a poll tax as a precondition to voting.
(b) Authority of Attorney General to institute actions for relief against enforcement of poll tax requirement
In the exercise of the powers of Congress under section 5 of the fourteenth amendment, section 2 of the fifteenth amendment and section 2 of the twenty-fourth amendment, the Attorney General is authorized and directed to institute forthwith in the name of the United States such actions, including actions against States or political subdivisions, for declaratory judgment or injunctive relief against the enforcement of any requirement of the payment of a poll tax as a precondition to voting, or substitute therefor enacted after November 1, 1964, as will be necessary to implement the declaration of subsection (a) of this section and the purposes of this section.
(c) Jurisdiction of three-judge district courts; appeal to Supreme Court
The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of such actions which shall be heard and determined by a court of three judges in accordance with the provisions of section 2284 of title 28 and any appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court. It shall be the duty of the judges designated to hear the case to assign the case for hearing at the earliest practicable date, to participate in the hearing and determination thereof, and to cause the case to be in every way expedited.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 10, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 442; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 408, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 405.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–73, § 408(2), (3), inserted reference to section 2 of twenty-fourth amendment.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–73, § 408(1), struck out subsec. (d) which related to post-payment of poll taxes in event of a judicial declaration of constitutionality.
42 U.S.C. § 1973k (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973k. Termination of assignment of observers
(a) In general
The assignment of observers shall terminate in any political subdivision of any State—
(1) with respect to observers appointed pursuant to section 1973f of this title or with respect to examiners certified under subchapters I–A to I–C before July 27, 2006, whenever the Attorney General notifies the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or whenever the District Court for the District of Columbia determines in an action for declaratory judgment brought by any political subdivision described in subsection (b), that there is no longer reasonable cause to believe that persons will be deprived of or denied the right to vote on account of race or color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in section 1973b(f)(2) of this title in such subdivision; and
(2) with respect to observers appointed pursuant to section 1973a(a) of this title, upon order of the authorizing court.
(b) Political subdivision with majority of nonwhite persons registered
A political subdivision referred to in subsection (a)(1) is one with respect to which the Director of the Census has determined that more than 50 per centum of the nonwhite persons of voting age residing therein are registered to vote.
(c) Petition for termination
A political subdivision may petition the Attorney General for a termination under subsection (a)(1).
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 13, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 444; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title II, § 206, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(b), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 579; Pub. L. 110–258, § 2, July 1, 2008, 122 Stat. 2428.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–258 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to July 27, 2006.
2006—Pub. L. 109–246 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to termination of listing procedures, basis for termination, and survey or census by the Director of the Census.
1975—Pub. L. 94–73 substituted “on account of race or color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in section 1973b(f)(2) of this title” for “on account of race or color”.
42 U.S.C. § 1973m (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973m. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 16, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 445; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314, authorized Attorney General and Secretary of Defense, jointly, to make a study to determine whether laws or practices of any State or States impose preconditions to voting resulting in discrimination against Armed Forces personnel seeking to vote and to make a report to Congress not later than June 30, 1966, with the results of such study and recommendations for legislation.
42 U.S.C. § 1973n (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973n. Impairment of voting rights of persons holding current registration
Nothing in subchapters I–A to I–C of this chapter shall be construed to deny, impair, or otherwise adversely affect the right to vote of any person registered to vote under the law of any State or political subdivision.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 17, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 446; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314.)
42 U.S.C. § 1973o (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973o. Authorization of appropriations
There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out the provisions of subchapters I–A to I–C of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 18, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 446; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314.)
42 U.S.C. § 1973p (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973p. Separability
If any provision of subchapters I–A to I–C of this chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of subchapters I–A to I–C of this chapter and the application of the provision to other persons not similarly situated or to other circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 19, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 446; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314.)
42 U.S.C. § 1973q (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973q. Construction
A reference in this subchapter to the effective date of the amendments made by, or the date of the enactment of, the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, César E. Chávez, Barbara C. Jordan, William C. Velásquez, and Dr. Hector P. Garcia Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006 shall be considered to refer to, respectively, the effective date of the amendments made by, or the date of the enactment of, the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 20, as added Pub. L. 110–258, § 3, July 1, 2008, 122 Stat. 2428.)
heading: References in Text
text: The effective date of the amendments made by, or the date of the enactment of, the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–246, which was approved July 27, 2006.
42 U.S.C. § 1973aa (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973aa. Application of prohibition to other States; “test or device” defined
(a) No citizen shall be denied, because of his failure to comply with any test or device, the right to vote in any Federal, State, or local election conducted in any State or political subdivision of a State.
(b) As used in this section, the term “test or device” means any requirement that a person as a prerequisite for voting or registration for voting (1) demonstrate the ability to read, write, understand, or interpret any matter, (2) demonstrate any educational achievement or his knowledge of any particular subject, (3) possess good moral character, or (4) prove his qualifications by the voucher of registered voters or members of any other class.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 201, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 315; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title I, § 102, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 400.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–73 struck out “Prior to August 6, 1975,” and “as to which the provisions of section 1973b(a) of this title are not in effect by reason of determinations made under section 1973b(b) of this title”.
42 U.S.C. § 1973aa–2 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973aa–2. Judicial relief; civil actions by the Attorney General; three-judge district court; appeal to Supreme Court
Whenever the Attorney General has reason to believe that a State or political subdivision (a) has enacted or is seeking to administer any test or device as a prerequisite to voting in violation of the prohibition contained in section 1973aa of this title, or (b) undertakes to deny the right to vote in any election in violation of section 1973aa–1 or 1973aa–1a of this title, he may institute for the United States, or in the name of the United States, an action in a district court of the United States, in accordance with sections 1391 through 1393 1 of title 28, for a restraining order, a preliminary or permanent injunction, or such other order as he deems appropriate. An action under this subsection shall be heard and determined by a court of three judges in accordance with the provisions of section 2284 of title 28 and any appeal shall be to the Supreme Court.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 204, formerly § 203, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 317; renumbered § 204 and amended Pub. L. 94–73, title III, §§ 302, 303, title IV, § 406, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 403, 405.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1393 of title 28, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–702, title X, § 1001(a), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4664.
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 inserted reference to section 1973aa–1a of this title and substituted reference to section 2284 of title 28 for reference to section 2282 of title 28.
42 U.S.C. § 1973aa–3 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973aa–3. Penalty
Whoever shall deprive or attempt to deprive any person of any right secured by section 1973aa, 1973aa–1, or 1973aa–1a of this title shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 205, formerly § 204, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 317; renumbered § 205 and amended Pub. L. 94–73, title III, §§ 302, 304, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 403.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 inserted reference to section 1973aa–1a of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1973aa–4 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973aa–4. Separability
If any provision of subchapters I–A to I–C of this chapter or the application of any provision thereof to any person or circumstance is judicially determined to be invalid, the remainder of subchapters I–A to I–C of this chapter or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such determination.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 206, formerly § 205, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318; renumbered § 206, Pub. L. 94–73, title III, § 302, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 403.)
42 U.S.C. § 1973aa–5 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973aa–5. Survey to compile registration and voting statistics
(a) Elections to House of Representatives and elections designated by United States Commission on Civil Rights
Congress hereby directs the Director of the Census forthwith to conduct a survey to compile registration and voting statistics: (i) in every State or political subdivision with respect to which the prohibitions of section 1973b(a) of this title are in effect, for every statewide general election for Members of the United States House of Representatives after January 1, 1974; and (ii) in every State or political subdivision for any election designated by the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Such surveys shall only include a count of citizens of voting age, race or color, and national origin, and a determination of the extent to which such persons are registered to vote and have voted in the elections surveyed.
(b) Prohibition against compulsion to disclose personal data; advice of rights
In any survey under subsection (a) of this section no person shall be compelled to disclose his race, color, national origin, political party affiliation, or how he voted (or the reasons therefor), nor shall any penalty be imposed for his failure or refusal to make such disclosures. Every person interrogated orally, by written survey or questionnaire, or by any other means with respect to such information shall be fully advised of his right to fail or refuse to furnish such information.
(c) Report to Congress
The Director of the Census shall, at the earliest practicable time, report to the Congress the results of every survey conducted pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.
(d) Confidentiality of information; penalties
The provisions of section 9 and chapter 7 of title 13 shall apply to any survey, collection, or compilation of registration and voting statistics carried out under subsection (a) of this section.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 207, as added Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 403, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 404.)
42 U.S.C. § 1973aa–6 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973aa–6. Voting assistance for blind, disabled or illiterate persons
Any voter who requires assistance to vote by reason of blindness, disability, or inability to read or write may be given assistance by a person of the voter’s choice, other than the voter’s employer or agent of that employer or officer or agent of the voter’s union.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title II, § 208, as added Pub. L. 97–205, § 5, June 29, 1982, 96 Stat. 135.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 97–205, § 5, June 29, 1982, 96 Stat. 135, provided that this section is effective Jan. 1, 1984.
42 U.S.C. § 1973bb (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973bb. Enforcement of twenty-sixth amendment
(a)
(1) The Attorney General is directed to institute, in the name of the United States, such actions against States or political subdivisions, including actions for injunctive relief, as he may determine to be necessary to implement the twenty-sixth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
(2) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted under this subchapter, which shall be heard and determined by a court of three judges in accordance with section 2284 of title 28, and any appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court. It shall be the duty of the judges designated to hear the case to assign the case for hearing and determination thereof, and to cause the case to be in every way expedited.
(b) Whoever shall deny or attempt to deny any person of any right secured by the twenty-sixth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title III, § 301, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 405.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 substituted provisions authorizing the Attorney General to institute proceedings to enforce twenty-sixth amendment, the jurisdiction of the district courts, and penalties for denial of rights secured by twenty-sixth amendment, for provisions relating to Congressional findings and prohibition of denial of right to vote on account of age.
42 U.S.C. § 1973bb–1 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§ 1973bb–1. “State” defined
As used in this subchapter, the term “State” includes the District of Columbia.
(Pub. L. 89–110, title III, § 302, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318; amended Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 405.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1975—Pub. L. 94–73 substituted definition of State for provisions prohibiting denial of right to vote because of age.
42 U.S.C. § 1973bb–2 to 1973bb–4 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1973bb–2 to 1973bb–4. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 6, 1975, 89 Stat. 405
text: Section 1973bb–2, Pub. L. 89–110, title III, § 303, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 318, authorized the Attorney General to institute actions to enforce this subchapter, and provided for jurisdiction of district courts, appeals, and penalties for denial of rights secured by this subchapter. See section 1973bb of this title.
text: Section 1973bb–3, Pub. L. 89–110, title III, § 304, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 319, defined “State”. See section 1973bb–1 of this title.
text: Section 1973bb–4, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, § 305, as added Pub. L. 91–285, § 6, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 319, provided for effective date of this subchapter.
42 U.S.C. § 1973cc to 1973cc–3 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1973cc to 1973cc–3. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–410, title II, § 203, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 930
text: Section 1973cc, acts Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title I, § 101, 69 Stat. 584; June 18, 1968, Pub. L. 90–343, § 1, 82 Stat. 180; Nov. 4, 1978, Pub. L. 95–593, § 7, 92 Stat. 2537, related to State enactment of absentee voting legislation and to covered persons. See section 1973ff–1 of this title.
text: Section 1973cc–1, acts Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title I, § 102, 69 Stat. 584; June 18, 1968, Pub. L. 90–344, § 1(1), 82 Stat. 181; Aug. 6, 1981, Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(19), 95 Stat. 154, related to balloting procedures.
text: Section 1973cc–2, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title I, § 103, 69 Stat. 585, related to availability of statistical data to assist Presidential designee in compiling comprehensive information of operations under this subchapter.
text: Section 1973cc–3, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title I, § 104, as added June 18, 1968, Pub. L. 90–344, § 1(2), 82 Stat. 181, related to legal residence for voting purposes of personnel residing on military installations.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable with respect to elections taking place after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 204 of Pub. L. 99–410, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1973ff of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1973cc–11 to 1973cc–15 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1973cc–11 to 1973cc–15. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–410, title II, § 203, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 930
text: Section 1973cc–11, acts Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title II, § 201, 69 Stat. 585; Dec. 21, 1982, Pub. L. 97–375, title II, § 203(b), 96 Stat. 1823, provided for designation of Presidential designee to coordinate and facilitate Federal responsibilities and to report to the President and Congress. See section 1973ff(a) and (b) of this title.
text: Section 1973cc–12, acts Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title II, § 202, 69 Stat. 586; Nov. 4, 1978, Pub. L. 95–593, § 8, 92 Stat. 2537, related to acquisition and distribution by Presidential designee of current absentee voting information from each State.
text: Section 1973c–13, acts Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title II, § 203, 69 Stat. 586; June 18, 1968, Pub. L. 90–344, § 1(3), 82 Stat. 181; Nov. 4, 1978, Pub. L. 95–593, § 9, 92 Stat. 2538, related to cooperation of Government officials, drafts of State legislation, and printing and transmitting of post cards. See section 1973ff(c) of this title.
text: Section 1973cc–14, acts Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title II, § 204, 69 Stat. 586; June 18, 1968, Pub. L. 90–343, § 2, 82 Stat. 181; June 18, 1968, Pub. L. 90–344, § 1(4)–(6), 82 Stat. 182; Nov. 4, 1978, Pub. L. 95–593, § 10, 92 Stat. 2538, related to form and content of post card application. See section 1973ff(b)(2) of this title.
text: Section 1973cc–15, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title II, § 205, 69 Stat. 588, related to use of prior post card form for election of Members of Congress.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable with respect to elections taking place after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 204 of Pub. L. 99–410, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1973ff of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 1973cc–21 to 1973cc–26 (THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE)
§§ 1973cc–21 to 1973cc–26. Repealed. Pub. L. 99–410, title II, § 203, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 930
text: Section 1973cc–21, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, § 301, 69 Stat. 588, provided definitions of terms used in this subchapter. See section 1973ff–6 of this title.
text: Section 1973cc–22, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, § 302, 69 Stat. 588, provided free postage for official post cards, ballots, voting instructions, and envelopes. See section 3406 of Title 39, Postal Service.
text: Section 1973cc–23, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, § 303, 69 Stat. 588, related to prevention of fraud and coercion.
text: Section 1973cc–24, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, § 304, 69 Stat. 589, provided that acts done in good faith do not constitute a violation of any provision of law relating to elective franchise.
text: Section 1973cc–25, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, § 305, 69 Stat. 589, provided that no undue influence be used by any officer but that nothing in this subchapter be deemed to prohibit free discussion regarding political issues or candidates for public office. See section 609 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
text: Section 1973cc–26, act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, § 308, 69 Stat. 589, authorized appropriations as necessary to carry out this subchapter.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable with respect to elections taking place after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 204 of Pub. L. 99–410, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1973ff of this title.