dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 1452 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1452. Status and allowances of assigned personnel
Any person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States, while assigned for service to or in cooperation with another government under the authority of this chapter, shall be considered, for the purpose of preserving his rights, allowances, and privileges as such, an officer or employee of the Government of the United States and of the Government agency from which assigned and he shall continue to receive compensation from that agency. He may also receive, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, representation allowances similar to those allowed under section 4085 of this title. The authorization of such allowances and other benefits and the payment thereof out of any appropriations available therefor shall be considered as meeting all the requirements of section 5536 of title 5.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title III, § 302, 62 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 304(a)(1)(B), (3), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 292.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1982—Pub. L. 97–241 substituted “person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States” for “citizen of the United States”, “section 4085 of this title” for “section 1131(3) of this title”, and “section 5536 of title 5” for “section 1765 of the Revised Statutes”. Prior to the amendment by Pub. L. 97–241, “section 5536 of title 5” had been substituted for “section 1765 of the Revised Statutes” (which was formerly classified to section 70 of title 5) on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, thereby requiring no change in text.
22 U.S.C. § 1453 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1453. Acceptance of office under foreign governments of assigned personnel; oath of allegiance
Any person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States while assigned for service to or in cooperation with another government under authority of this chapter may, at the discretion of his Government agency, with the concurrence of the Director of the United States Information Agency, and without additional compensation therefor, accept an office under the government to which he is assigned, if the acceptance of such an office in the opinion of such agency is necessary to permit the effective performance of duties for which he is assigned, including the making or approving on behalf of such foreign government the disbursement of funds provided by such government or of receiving from such foreign government funds for deposit and disbursement on behalf of such government, in carrying out programs undertaken pursuant to this chapter: Provided, however, That such acceptance of office shall in no case involve the taking of an oath of allegiance to another government.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title III, § 303, 62 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 304(a)(1)(B), (2)(B), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 292.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1982—Pub. L. 97–241 substituted “person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States” for “citizen of the United States” and “Director of the United States Information Agency” for “Secretary”.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1456 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1456. Utilization of facilities and personnel of other Government agencies; reimbursement to agencies; report to Congress
The Secretary is authorized, in carrying on any activity under the authority of this chapter, to utilize, with the approval of the President, the services, facilities, and personnel of the other Government agencies. Whenever the Secretary shall use the services, facilities, or personnel of any Government agency for activities under authority of this chapter, the Secretary shall pay for such performance out of funds available to the Secretary under this chapter, either in advance, by reimbursement, or direct transfer. The Secretary shall include in each report submitted to the Congress under section 1439 1 of this title a statement of the services, facilities, and personnel of other Government agencies utilized in carrying on activities under the authority of this chapter, showing the names and salaries of the personnel utilized, or performing services utilized, during the period covered by such report, and the amounts paid to such other agencies under this section as payment for such performance.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title IV, § 401, 62 Stat. 8.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1439 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–470, title I, § 117, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2240.
22 U.S.C. § 1457 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1457. Rendition of technical and other services to foreign governments; limitations
A Government agency, at the request of the Secretary, may perform such technical or other services as such agency may be competent to render for the government of another country desirous of obtaining such services, upon terms and conditions which are satisfactory to the Secretary and to the head of the Government agency, when it is determined by the Secretary that such services will contribute to the purposes of this chapter. However, nothing in this chapter shall authorize the performance of services relating to the organization, training, operation, development, or combat equipment of the armed forces of a foreign government.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title IV, § 402, 62 Stat. 9.)
22 U.S.C. § 1458 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1458. Policy governing rendition of services
In authorizing the performance of technical and other services under this subchapter, it is the sense of the Congress (1) that the Secretary shall encourage through any appropriate Government agency the performance of such services to foreign governments by qualified private American individuals and agencies, and shall not enter into the performance of such services to any foreign government where such services may be performed adequately by qualified private American individuals and agencies and such qualified individuals and agencies are available for the performance of such services; (2) that if such services are rendered by a Government agency, they shall demonstrate the technical accomplishments of the United States, such services being of an advisory, investigative, or instructional nature, or a demonstration of a technical process; (3) that such services shall not include the construction of public works or the supervision of the construction of public works, and that, under authority of this chapter, a Government agency shall render engineering services related to public works only when the Secretary shall determine that the national interest demands the rendering of such services by a Government agency, but this policy shall not be interpreted to preclude the assignment of individual specialists as advisers to other governments as provided under subchapter III of this chapter, together with such incidental assistance as may be necessary for the accomplishment of their individual assignments.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title IV, § 403, 62 Stat. 9.)
22 U.S.C. § 1461–1 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1461–1. Mission of United States Information Agency
The mission of the United States Information Agency shall be to further the national interest by improving United States relations with other countries and peoples through the broadest possible sharing of ideas, information, and educational and cultural activities. In carrying out this mission, the United States Information Agency shall, among other activities—
(1) conduct Government-sponsored information, educational, and cultural activities designed—
(A) to provide other peoples with a better understanding of the policies, values, institutions, and culture of the United States; and
(B) within the statutory limits governing domestic activities of the Agency, to enhance understanding on the part of the Government and people of the United States of the history, culture, attitudes, perceptions, and aspirations of others;
(2) encourage private institutions in the United States to develop their own exchange activities, and provide assistance for those exchange activities which are in the broadest national interest;
(3) coordinate international informational, educational, or cultural activities conducted or planned by departments and agencies of the United States Government;
(4) assist in the development of a comprehensive national policy on international communications; and
(5) promote United States participation in international events relevant to the mission of the Agency.
(Pub. L. 95–426, title II, § 202, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: “United States Information Agency” substituted in text for “International Communication Agency” pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97–241, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
heading: Increase in Financial Resources of Agency for Exchange-of-Persons Activities
text: Pub. L. 95–426, title II, § 203, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 973, as amended by Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, provided that: “The President shall, by a process of gradual expansion during the four-year period beginning October 1, 1979, increase significantly the financial resources expended annually by the United States Information Agency for exchange-of-persons activities. The President shall prepare at an early date a general plan for the accomplishment of this goal and shall adjust that plan annually, as he finds appropriate, in consultation with the Congress.”
22 U.S.C. § 1461a (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1461a. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, act Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86–678, title IV, 74 Stat. 569, which related to exchange of funds in connection with establishments abroad, was from the Departments of State and Justice, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1961, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–84, title IV, 73 Stat. 194.
June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–474, title IV, 72 Stat. 257.
June 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85–49, title IV, 71 Stat. 68.
June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title IV, 70 Stat. 312.
July 7, 1955, ch. 279, title IV, 69 Stat. 279.
July 2, 1954, ch. 456, title IV, 68 Stat. 432.
22 U.S.C. § 1461c (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1461c. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 90–470, title V, Aug. 9, 1968, 82 Stat. 690, which related to a one year extension to existing appointments and assignments to the Foreign Service Reserve for foreign information and educational activities which would otherwise have expired, was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90–133, title V, 81 Stat. 433.
Nov. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–797, title V, 80 Stat. 1504, 1505.
Sept. 2, 1965, Pub. L. 89–164, title V, 79 Stat. 643.
Aug. 31, 1964, Pub. L. 88–527, title V, 78 Stat. 734.
Dec. 30, 1963, Pub. L. 88–245, title V, 77 Stat. 800.
Oct. 18, 1962, Pub. L. 87–843, title V, 76 Stat. 1104.
Sept. 21, 1961, Pub. L. 87–264, title IV, 75 Stat. 558.
Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86–678, title IV, 74 Stat. 569.
July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–84, title IV, 73 Stat. 194.
June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–474, title IV, 72 Stat. 258.
June 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85–49, title IV, 71 Stat. 68.
June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title IV, 70 Stat. 312.
July 7, 1955, ch. 279, title IV, 69 Stat. 279.
July 2, 1954, ch. 456, title IV, 68 Stat. 432.
22 U.S.C. § 1462 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1462. Policies governing information activities
In authorizing international information activities under this chapter, it is the sense of the Congress (1) that the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall reduce such Government information activities whenever corresponding private information dissemination is found to be adequate; (2) that nothing in this chapter shall be construed to give the Department or the Broadcasting Board of Governors a monopoly in the production or sponsorship on the air of short-wave broadcasting programs, or a monopoly in any other medium of information.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 502, 62 Stat. 10; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1078(d)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1958.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2013—Pub. L. 112–239 inserted “and the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Secretary” and “or the Broadcasting Board of Governors” after “Department”.
heading: Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 112–239 effective and applicable on the date that is 180 days after Jan. 2, 2013, see section 1078(e) of Pub. L. 112–239, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1463 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1463. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 315(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 445
text: Section, act Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 503, as added July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94–350, title II, § 206, 90 Stat. 831; amended 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §§ 5, 7(a)(1), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1636, 1637; Aug. 24, 1982, Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), 96 Stat. 291, related to principles governing communications of Voice of America broadcasts.
22 U.S.C. § 1464 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1464. Voice of America/Europe
As part of its duties and programs under this subchapter, Voice of America/Europe shall—
(1) target news and features in accordance with the findings and recommendations of the Young European Survey;
(2) conduct periodic audience evaluations and measurements; and
(3) promote and advertise Voice of America/Europe.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 504, as added Pub. L. 100–204, title IV, § 402, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1381.)
22 U.S.C. § 1464b (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1464b. Voice of America hiring practices
(a) Prohibition
After February 16, 1990, the Voice of America shall not select candidates for employment who must be or are preapproved for employment at the Voice of America by a foreign government or an entity controlled by a foreign government.
(b) Exception
The prohibition referred to in this section shall not apply to—
(1) participants in the Voice of America’s exchange programs; or
(2) clerical, technical, or maintenance staff at Voice of America offices in foreign countries.
(c) Report
If the Broadcasting Board of Governors determines that the prohibition under subsection (a) of this section would require the termination of a specific Voice of America foreign language service, then, not less than 90 days before the Board begins to recruit such candidates, the Board shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report concerning—
(1) the number and location of speakers of the applicable foreign language who could be recruited by the Voice of America without violating this section; and
(2) the efforts made by the Voice of America to recruit such individuals for employment.
(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, § 506, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title II, § 232, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 57; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1335(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–787.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, in introductory provisions, substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “Director of the United States Information Agency”, “Board begins” for “Agency begins”, and “Board shall” for “Director shall”.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1465 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1465. Congressional findings and declaration of purposes
The Congress finds and declares—
(1) that it is the policy of the United States to support the right of the people of Cuba to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, in accordance with article 19 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights;
(2) that, consonant with this policy, radio broadcasting to Cuba may be effective in furthering the open communication of accurate information and ideas to the people of Cuba, in particular information about Cuba;
(3) that such broadcasting to Cuba, operated in a manner not inconsistent with the broad foreign policy of the United States and in accordance with high professional standards, would be in the national interest; and
(4) that the Voice of America already broadcasts to Cuba information that represents America, not any single segment of American society, and includes a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions but that there is a need for broadcasts to Cuba which provide news, commentary and other information about events in Cuba and elsewhere to promote the cause of freedom in Cuba.
(Pub. L. 98–111, § 2, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 749.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 98–111, § 1, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 749, provided: “That this Act [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the ‘Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act’.”
22 U.S.C. § 1465b (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1465b. Cuba Service
The Broadcasting Board of Governors shall establish within the International Broadcasting Bureau a Cuba Service (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Service”). The Service shall be responsible for all radio broadcasts to Cuba authorized by section 1465a of this title. The Broadcasting Board of Governors shall appoint a head of the Service and shall employ such staff as the head of the Service may need to carry out his duties. The Cuba Service shall be administered separately from other Voice of America functions and the head of the Cuba Service shall report directly to the Board 1 of the International Broadcasting Bureau.
(Pub. L. 98–111, § 4, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 305(e)(1), formerly § 305(d)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §§ 1323(f)(1), 1324(3), (4), (6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–779, 2681–781.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(6), substituted “Board” for “Director” in last sentence.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(4), which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “the International Broadcasting Bureau” for “the Voice of America”, was executed by making the substitution for text in two places to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(3), which directed the substitution of “the Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “the Director of the United States Information Agency” each place it appears, was executed by substituting “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “Director of the United States Information Agency” in two places, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
1994—Pub. L. 103–236 substituted “of the Voice of America” for “and the Associate Director for Broadcasting of the United States Information Agency”.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1465d (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 1465d. Assistance from other government agencies
(a) In order to assist the Broadcasting Board of Governors in carrying out the purposes set forth in section 1465 of this title, any agency or instrumentality of the United States may sell, loan, lease, or grant property (including interests therein) and may perform administrative and technical support and services at the request of the Board. Support and services shall be provided on a reimbursable basis. Any reimbursement shall be credited to the appropriation from which the property, support, or services was derived.
(b) The Board may carry out the purposes of section 1465a of this title by means of grants, leases, or contracts (subject to the availability of appropriations), or such other means as the Board determines will be most effective.
(Pub. L. 98–111, § 6, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1324(1), (2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–781.)
heading: Repeal of Section
text: Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277 substituted “Broadcasting Board of Governors” for “United States Information Agency” and “Board” for “Agency”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1324(2), substituted “Board” for “Agency” in two places.
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.