dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
26 U.S.C. § 985 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 985. Functional currency
(a) In general
Unless otherwise provided in regulations, all determinations under this subtitle shall be made in the taxpayer’s functional currency.
(b) Functional currency
(1) In general
For purposes of this subtitle, the term “functional currency” means—
(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), the dollar, or
(B) in the case of a qualified business unit, the currency of the economic environment in which a significant part of such unit’s activities are conducted and which is used by such unit in keeping its books and records.
(2) Functional currency where activities primarily conducted in dollars
The functional currency of any qualified business unit shall be the dollar if activities of such unit are primarily conducted in dollars.
(3) Election
To the extent provided in regulations, the taxpayer may elect to use the dollar as the functional currency for any qualified business unit if—
(A) such unit keeps its books and records in dollars, or
(B) the taxpayer uses a method of accounting that approximates a separate transactions method.
Any such election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
(4) Change in functional currency treated as a change in method of accounting
Any change in the functional currency shall be treated as a change in the taxpayer’s method of accounting for purposes of section 481 under procedures to be established by the Secretary.
(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1261(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2585.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1261(e), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2591, provided that:
“(1) In general.—
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting this subpart and amending sections 1092 and 1256 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
“(2) Special rules for purposes of sections 902 and 960.—
For purposes of applying sections 902 and 960 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the amendments made by this section shall apply to—
“(A) earnings and profits of the foreign corporation for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, and
“(B) foreign taxes paid or accrued by the foreign corporation with respect to such earnings and profits.”
26 U.S.C. § 987 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 987. Branch transactions
In the case of any taxpayer having 1 or more qualified business units with a functional currency other than the dollar, taxable income of such taxpayer shall be determined—
(1) by computing the taxable income or loss separately for each such unit in its functional currency,
(2) by translating the income or loss separately computed under paragraph (1) at the appropriate exchange rate, and
(3) by making proper adjustments (as prescribed by the Secretary) for transfers of property between qualified business units of the taxpayer having different functional currencies, including—
(A) treating post-1986 remittances from each such unit as made on a pro rata basis out of post-1986 accumulated earnings, and
(B) treating gain or loss determined under this paragraph as ordinary income or loss, respectively, and sourcing such gain or loss by reference to the source of the income giving rise to post-1986 accumulated earnings.
(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1261(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2586; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1012(v)(1)(B), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3528.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Par. (4). Pub. L. 100–647 struck out par. (4) which provided for translation of foreign income taxes paid by each qualified business unit of the taxpayer in the same manner as provided under section 986(b).
heading: Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 1261(e) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 985 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 994 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 994. Inter-company pricing rules
(a) In general
In the case of a sale of export property to a DISC by a person described in section 482, the taxable income of such DISC and such person shall be based upon a transfer price which would allow such DISC to derive taxable income attributable to such sale (regardless of the sales price actually charged) in an amount which does not exceed the greatest of—
(1) 4 percent of the qualified export receipts on the sale of such property by the DISC plus 10 percent of the export promotion expenses of such DISC attributable to such receipts,
(2) 50 percent of the combined taxable income of such DISC and such person which is attributable to the qualified export receipts on such property derived as the result of a sale by the DISC plus 10 percent of the export promotion expenses of such DISC attributable to such receipts, or
(3) taxable income based upon the sale price actually charged (but subject to the rules provided in section 482).
(b) Rules for commissions, rentals, and marginal costing
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations setting forth—
(1) rules which are consistent with the rules set forth in subsection (a) for the application of this section in the case of commissions, rentals, and other income, and
(2) rules for the allocation of expenditures in computing combined taxable income under subsection (a)(2) in those cases where a DISC is seeking to establish or maintain a market for export property.
(c) Export promotion expenses
For purposes of this section, the term “export promotion expenses” means those expenses incurred to advance the distribution or sale of export property for use, consumption, or distribution outside of the United States, but does not include income taxes. Such expenses shall also include freight expenses to the extent of 50 percent of the cost of shipping export property aboard airplanes owned and operated by United States persons or ships documented under the laws of the United States in those cases where law or regulations does not require that such property be shipped aboard such airplanes or ships.
(Added Pub. L. 92–178, title V, § 501, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 543; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.
26 U.S.C. § 997 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 997. Special subchapter C rules
For purposes of applying the provisions of subchapter C of chapter 1, any distribution in property to a corporation by a DISC or former DISC which is made out of previously taxed income or accumulated DISC income shall—
(1) be treated as a distribution in the same amount as if such distribution of property were made to an individual, and
(2) have a basis, in the hands of the recipient corporation, equal to the amount determined under paragraph (1).
(Added Pub. L. 92–178, title V, § 501, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 549.)
26 U.S.C. § 1002 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 1002. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(b)(28)(B)(i), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1799]
text: Section, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 295, related to the recognition of the entire amount of gain or loss determined under section 1001 on the sale or exchange of property.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1011 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 1011. Adjusted basis for determining gain or loss
(a) General rule
The adjusted basis for determining the gain or loss from the sale or other disposition of property, whenever acquired, shall be the basis (determined under section 1012 or other applicable sections of this subchapter and subchapters C (relating to corporate distributions and adjustments), K (relating to partners and partnerships), and P (relating to capital gains and losses)), adjusted as provided in section 1016.
(b) Bargain sale to a charitable organization
If a deduction is allowable under section 170 (relating to charitable contributions) by reason of a sale, then the adjusted basis for determining the gain from such sale shall be that portion of the adjusted basis which bears the same ratio to the adjusted basis as the amount realized bears to the fair market value of the property.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 296; Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 201(f), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 564.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1969—Pub. L. 91–172 redesignated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
heading: Effective Date of 1969 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable with respect to sales made after Dec. 19, 1969, see section 201(g)(6) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1018 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 1018. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–589, § 6(h)(1), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3410]
text: Section, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 301; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(124), 90 Stat. 1784, provided for adjustment of capital structure before Sept. 22, 1938.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1979, but not to apply to proceedings under Title 11, Bankruptcy, commenced before Oct. 1, 1979, see section 7(e) of Pub. L. 96–589, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 108 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1019 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 1019. Property on which lessee has made improvements
Neither the basis nor the adjusted basis of any portion of real property shall, in the case of the lessor of such property, be increased or diminished on account of income derived by the lessor in respect of such property and excludable from gross income under section 109 (relating to improvements by lessee on lessor’s property). If an amount representing any part of the value of real property attributable to buildings erected or other improvements made by a lessee in respect of such property was included in gross income of the lessor for any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1942, the basis of each portion of such property shall be properly adjusted for the amount so included in gross income.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 301.)
26 U.S.C. § 1020 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 1020. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(125), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1784]
text: Section, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 302, related to election to have section 1016(a)(2)(B) of this title apply in respect of periods since Feb. 28, 1913, and before Jan. 1, 1952.
26 U.S.C. § 1022 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 1022. Repealed. Pub. L. 111–312, title III, § 301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300]
text: Section, added Pub. L. 107–16, title V, § 542(a), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 76, related to treatment of property acquired from a decedent dying after Dec. 31, 2009.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1022, added Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 225(j)(1), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 92, dealt with the increase in basis with respect to certain foreign personal holding company stock or securities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(126), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1784, applicable with respect to stock or securities acquired from a decedent dying after Oct. 4, 1976.
Another prior section 1022, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 302, relating to cross references, was renumbered section 1023.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal of section applicable to estates of decedents dying, and transfers made after Dec. 31, 2009, except as otherwise provided, see section 301(e) of Pub. L. 111–312, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note under section 121 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1032 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 1032. Exchange of stock for property
(a) Nonrecognition of gain or loss
No gain or loss shall be recognized to a corporation on the receipt of money or other property in exchange for stock (including treasury stock) of such corporation. No gain or loss shall be recognized by a corporation with respect to any lapse or acquisition of an option, or with respect to a securities futures contract (as defined in section 1234B), to buy or sell its stock (including treasury stock).
(b) Basis
For basis of property acquired by a corporation in certain exchanges for its stock, see section 362.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 303; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 57(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title IV, § 401(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–649.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–554 inserted “, or with respect to a securities futures contract (as defined in section 1234B),” after “an option” in second sentence.
1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–369 inserted provision that no gain or loss shall be recognized by a corporation with respect to any lapse or acquisition of an option to buy or sell its stock (including treasury stock).
heading: Effective Date of 2000 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title IV, § 401(j)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–651, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting section 1234B of this title and amending this section and sections 1091, 1092, 1223, 1233, 1234A, 1256 and 7701 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000].”
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 57(b), July 18, 1984, 1984, 98 Stat. 574, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to options acquired or lapsed after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984] in taxable years ending after such date.”
26 U.S.C. § 1034 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 1034. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 839]
text: Section, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 306; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–866, title I, § 46(b), 72 Stat. 1642; Feb. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 206(b)(4), 78 Stat. 40; Jan. 2, 1975, Pub. L. 93–597, § 6(a), 88 Stat. 1953; Mar. 29, 1975, Pub. L. 94–12, title II, § 207, 89 Stat. 32; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§ 1901(a)(129), 1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1785, 1834; May 23, 1977, Pub. L. 95–30, title I, § 102(b)(13), 91 Stat. 138; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §§ 404(c)(5), 405(a)–(c)(1), 92 Stat. 2870, 2871; Nov. 8, 1978, Pub. L. 95–615, title II, § 206, 92 Stat. 3107; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §§ 112(b)(4), 122(a), (b), 95 Stat. 195, 197; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, § 1053(a), 98 Stat. 1045; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1878(g), 100 Stat. 2904; Nov. 10, 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6002(a), 102 Stat. 3684, related to rollover of gain on sale of principal residence.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal applicable to sales and exchanges after May 6, 1997, with certain exceptions, see section 312(d) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as an Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note under section 121 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1036 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 1036. Stock for stock of same corporation
(a) General rule
No gain or loss shall be recognized if common stock in a corporation is exchanged solely for common stock in the same corporation, or if preferred stock in a corporation is exchanged solely for preferred stock in the same corporation.
(b) Nonqualified preferred stock not treated as stock
For purposes of this section, nonqualified preferred stock (as defined in section 351(g)(2)) shall be treated as property other than stock.
(c) Cross references
(1) For rules relating to recognition of gain or loss where an exchange is not solely in kind, see subsections (b) and (c) of section 1031.
(2) For rules relating to the basis of property acquired in an exchange described in subsection (a), see subsection (d) of section 1031.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 309; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1014(e)(3), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 921.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1997—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 105–34 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).
heading: Effective Date of 1997 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable, with certain exceptions, to transactions after June 8, 1997, see section 1014(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1039 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
[§ 1039. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11801(a)(33), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–521]
text: Section, added Pub. L. 91–172, title IX, § 910(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 718; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834, related to the recognition of gain on certain sales of low-income housing projects.
heading: Savings Provision
text: For provisions that nothing in repeal by Pub. L. 101–508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1045 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 1045. Rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another qualified small business stock
(a) Nonrecognition of gain
In the case of any sale of qualified small business stock held by a taxpayer other than a corporation for more than 6 months and with respect to which such taxpayer elects the application of this section, gain from such sale shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds—
(1) the cost of any qualified small business stock purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period beginning on the date of such sale, reduced by
(2) any portion of such cost previously taken into account under this section.
This section shall not apply to any gain which is treated as ordinary income for purposes of this title.
(b) Definitions and special rules
For purposes of this section—
(1) Qualified small business stock
The term “qualified small business stock” has the meaning given such term by section 1202(c).
(2) Purchase
A taxpayer shall be treated as having purchased any property if, but for paragraph (3), the unadjusted basis of such property in the hands of the taxpayer would be its cost (within the meaning of section 1012).
(3) Basis adjustments
If gain from any sale is not recognized by reason of subsection (a), such gain shall be applied to reduce (in the order acquired) the basis for determining gain or loss of any qualified small business stock which is purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period described in subsection (a).
(4) Holding period
For purposes of determining whether the nonrecognition of gain under subsection (a) applies to stock which is sold—
(A) the taxpayer’s holding period for such stock and the stock referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be determined without regard to section 1223, and
(B) only the first 6 months of the taxpayer’s holding period for the stock referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be taken into account for purposes of applying section 1202(c)(2).
(5) Certain rules to apply
Rules similar to the rules of subsections (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), and (k) of section 1202 shall apply.
(Added Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 313(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 841; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, § 6005(f), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 806.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–206, § 6005(f)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “a taxpayer other than a corporation” for “an individual” and “such taxpayer” for “such individual”.
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–206, § 6005(f)(2), added par. (5).
heading: Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section applicable to sales after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 313(c) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as an Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note under section 1016 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1051 (INTERNAL REVENUE CODE)
§ 1051. Property acquired during affiliation
In the case of property acquired by a corporation, during a period of affiliation, from a corporation with which it was affiliated, the basis of such property, after such period of affiliation, shall be determined, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, without regard to inter-company transactions in respect of which gain or loss was not recognized. For purposes of this section, the term “period of affiliation” means the period during which such corporations were affiliated (determined in accordance with the law applicable thereto) but does not include any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 1922, unless a consolidated return was made, nor any taxable year after the taxable year 1928.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 310; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§ 1901(a)(131), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1786, 1834.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1976—Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(131), struck out last two sentences relating to the basis and adjustment of the basis of corporate property where a consolidated return was filed.
Pub. L. 94–455, § 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.
heading: Effective Date of 1976 Amendment
text: Amendment by section 1901(a)(131) of Pub. L. 94–455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.