dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
22 U.S.C. § 5931 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5931. Programs with states of former Soviet Union
The Congress encourages the Secretary of Defense to participate actively in joint research and development programs with the independent states of the former Soviet Union through the nongovernmental foundation established for this purpose by section 5861 of this title. To that end, the Secretary of Defense may spend those funds authorized in section 5911(a)(1)(C) of this title for support, technical cooperation, in-kind assistance, and other activities with the following purposes:
(1) To advance defense conversion by funding civilian collaborative research and development projects between scientists and engineers in the United States and in the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
(2) To assist the establishment of a market economy in the independent states of the former Soviet Union by promoting, identifying, and partially funding joint research, development, and demonstration ventures between United States businesses and scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in those independent states.
(3) To provide a mechanism for scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the independent states of the former Soviet Union to develop an understanding of commercial business practices by establishing linkages to United States scientists, engineers, and businesses.
(4) To provide access for United States businesses to sophisticated new technologies, talented researchers, and potential new markets within the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
(5) To provide productive research and development opportunities within the independent states of the former Soviet Union that offer scientists and engineers alternatives to emigration and help prevent proliferation of weapons technologies and the dissolution of the technological infrastructure of those states.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIV, § 1441, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2566; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, § 1182(c)(4), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1772.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1993—Pub. L. 103–160 made technical amendment to reference to section 5861 of this title to correct reference to corresponding section of original Act.
22 U.S.C. § 5954 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5954. Funding for fiscal year 1994
(a) Authorization of appropriations
Funds authorized to be appropriated under section 301(21) 1 shall be available for cooperative threat reduction with states of the former Soviet Union under this chapter.
(b) Limitations
(1) Not more than $15,000,000 of the funds referred to in subsection (a) of this section may be made available for programs authorized in subsection (b)(6) of section 5952 of this title.
(2) Not more than $20,000,000 of such funds may be made available for programs authorized in subsection (b)(7) of section 5952 of this title.
(3) Not more than $40,000,000 of such funds may be made available for grants to the Demilitarization Enterprise Fund designated pursuant to section 5953 of this title and for related administrative expenses.
(c) Authorization of extension of availability of prior year funds
To the extent provided in appropriations Acts, the authority to transfer funds of the Department of Defense provided in section 9110(a) of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102–396; 106 Stat. 1928), and in section 108 of Public Law 102–229 (105 Stat. 1708) shall continue to be in effect during fiscal year 1994.
(Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XII, § 1205, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1781.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 301(21), referred to in subsec. (a), means section 301(21) of Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title III, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1616, which is not classified to the Code.
Section 9110(a) of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1993, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 9110(a) of Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1928, which is not classified to the Code.
Section 108 of Public Law 102–229, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 108 of Pub. L. 102–229, title I, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1708, as amended, which is not classified to the Code.
22 U.S.C. § 5956 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5956. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title XIII, § 1308(g)(1)(A)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–343
text: Section, Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XII, § 1207, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1782; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XII, §§ 1202, 1208(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2882, 2887; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1504(a)(7), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 513, required submission of semiannual report.
22 U.S.C. § 5957 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5957. “Appropriate congressional committees” defined
In this chapter, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations of the House and the Senate, wherever the account, budget activity, or program is funded from appropriations made under the international affairs budget function (150);
(2) the Committees on Armed Services and the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives, wherever the account, budget activity, or program is funded from appropriations made under the national defense budget function (050); and
(3) the committee to which the specified activities of section 5952 of this title, if the subject of separate legislation, would be referred under the rules of the respective House of Congress.
(Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XII, § 1208, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1782.)
22 U.S.C. § 5958 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5958. Authorization for additional fiscal year 1993 assistance to independent states of the former Soviet Union
(a) Authorization of appropriations
There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1993 for “Operation and Maintenance, Defense Agencies” the additional sum of $979,000,000, to be available for the purposes of providing assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
(b) Authorization of transfer of funds
The Secretary of Defense may, to the extent provided in appropriations Acts, transfer from the account “Operation and Maintenance, Defense Agencies” for fiscal year 1993 a sum not to exceed the amount appropriated pursuant to the authorization in subsection (a) of this section to—
(1) other accounts of the Department of Defense for the purpose of providing assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union; or
(2) appropriations available to the Department of State and other agencies of the United States Government for the purpose of providing assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union for programs that the President determines will increase the national security of the United States.
(c) Administrative provisions
(1) Amounts transferred under subsection (b) of this section shall be available subject to the same terms and conditions as the appropriations to which transferred.
(2) The authority to make transfers pursuant to this section is in addition to any other transfer authority of the Department of Defense.
(d) Coordination of programs
The President shall coordinate the programs described in subsection (b) of this section with those authorized in the other provisions of this chapter and in the provisions of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–511) so as to optimize the contribution such programs make to the national interests of the United States.
(Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XII, § 1209, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1782.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 102–511, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3320, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 5961 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5961. Requirement for on-site managers
(a) On-site manager requirement
Before obligating any Cooperative Threat Reduction funds for a project described in subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Defense shall appoint one on-site manager for that project. The manager shall be appointed from among employees of the Federal Government.
(b) Projects covered
Subsection (a) of this section applies to a project—
(1) to be located in a state of the former Soviet Union;
(2) which involves dismantlement, destruction, or storage facilities, or construction of a facility; and
(3) with respect to which the total contribution by the Department of Defense is expected to exceed $50,000,000.
(c) Duties of on-site manager
The on-site manager appointed under subsection (a) of this section shall—
(1) develop, in cooperation with representatives from governments of countries participating in the project, a list of those steps or activities critical to achieving the project’s disarmament or nonproliferation goals;
(2) establish a schedule for completing those steps or activities;
(3) meet with all participants to seek assurances that those steps or activities are being completed on schedule; and
(4) suspend United States participation in a project when a non-United States participant fails to complete a scheduled step or activity on time, unless directed by the Secretary of Defense to resume United States participation.
(d) Authority to manage more than one project
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), an employee of the Federal Government may serve as on-site manager for more than one project, including projects at different locations.
(2) If such an employee serves as on-site manager for more than one project in a fiscal year, the total cost of the projects for that fiscal year may not exceed $150,000,000.
(e) Steps or activities
Steps or activities referred to in subsection (c)(1) of this section are those activities that, if not completed, will prevent a project from achieving its disarmament or nonproliferation goals, including, at a minimum, the following:
(1) Identification and acquisition of permits (as defined in section 5960 of this title).
(2) Verification that the items, substances, or capabilities to be dismantled, secured, or otherwise modified are available for dismantlement, securing, or modification.
(3) Timely provision of financial, personnel, management, transportation, and other resources.
(f) Notification to Congress
In any case in which the Secretary of Defense directs an on-site manager to resume United States participation in a project under subsection (c)(4) of this section, the Secretary shall concurrently notify Congress of such direction.
(g) Effective date
This section shall take effect six months after November 24, 2003.
(Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XIII, § 1305, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1660.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, and not as part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 5962 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5962. Annual certifications on use of facilities being constructed for Cooperative Threat Reduction projects or activities
(a) Certification on use of facilities being constructed
Not later than the first Monday of February each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a certification for each facility for a Cooperative Threat Reduction project or activity for which construction occurred during the preceding fiscal year on matters as follows:
(1) Whether or not such facility will be used for its intended purpose by the government of the state of the former Soviet Union in which the facility is constructed.
(2) Whether or not the government of such state remains committed to the use of such facility for its intended purpose.
(3) Whether those actions needed to ensure security at the facility, including secure transportation of any materials, substances, or weapons to, from, or within the facility, have been taken.
(b) Applicability
Subsection (a) of this section shall apply to—
(1) any facility the construction of which commences on or after November 24, 2003; and
(2) any facility the construction of which is ongoing as of November 24, 2003.
(Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XIII, § 1307, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1661.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, and not as part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 which comprises this chapter.
heading: “Congressional Defense Committees” defined
text: Congressional defense committees means the Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–136, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1406. See note under section 101 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
22 U.S.C. § 5965 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 5965. Cooperative Threat Reduction Program authority for urgent threat reduction activities
(a) In general
Subject to the notification requirement under subsection (b), not more than 10 percent of the total amounts appropriated or otherwise made available in any fiscal year for the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense may be expended, notwithstanding any other law, for activities described under subsection (b)(1)(B).
(b) Determination and notice
(1) Determination
The Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Energy, may make a written determination that—
(A) threats arising from the proliferation of chemical, nuclear, and biological weapons or weapons-related materials, technologies, and expertise must be addressed urgently;
(B) certain provisions of law would unnecessarily impede the Secretary’s ability to carry out activities of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense to address such threats; and
(C) it is necessary to expend amounts described in subsection (a) to carry out such activities.
(2) Notice required
Not later than 15 days before obligating or expending funds under the authority provided in subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of the determination made under paragraph (1). The notice shall include—
(A) the determination;
(B) the activities to be undertaken by the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program;
(C) the expected time frame for such activities; and
(D) the expected costs of such activities.
(c) Appropriate congressional committees
In this section, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIII, § 1305, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2559.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, and not as part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Definition of Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs for Purposes of Pub. L. 111–84
text: For definition of Cooperative Threat Reduction programs, see section 1301(a) of Pub. L. 111–84, set out as a note under section 5964 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6002 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6002. Statement of policy
It should be the policy of the United States—
(1) to seek a peaceful transition to democracy and a resumption of economic growth in Cuba through the careful application of sanctions directed at the Castro government and support for the Cuban people;
(2) to seek the cooperation of other democratic countries in this policy;
(3) to make clear to other countries that, in determining its relations with them, the United States will take into account their willingness to cooperate in such a policy;
(4) to seek the speedy termination of any remaining military or technical assistance, subsidies, or other forms of assistance to the Government of Cuba from any of the independent states of the former Soviet Union;
(5) to continue vigorously to oppose the human rights violations of the Castro regime;
(6) to maintain sanctions on the Castro regime so long as it continues to refuse to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights;
(7) to be prepared to reduce the sanctions in carefully calibrated ways in response to positive developments in Cuba;
(8) to encourage free and fair elections to determine Cuba’s political future;
(9) to request the speedy termination of any military or technical assistance, subsidies, or other forms of assistance to the Government of Cuba from the government of any other country; and
(10) to initiate immediately the development of a comprehensive United States policy toward Cuba in a post-Castro era.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, § 1703, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2576.)
22 U.S.C. § 6006 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6006. Policy toward a transitional Cuban Government
Food, medicine, and medical supplies for humanitarian purposes should be made available for Cuba under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] and the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.] if the President determines and certifies to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that the government in power in Cuba—
(1) has made a public commitment to hold free and fair elections for a new government within 6 months and is proceeding to implement that decision;
(2) has made a public commitment to respect, and is respecting, internationally recognized human rights and basic democratic freedoms; and
(3) is not providing weapons or funds to any group, in any other country, that seeks the violent overthrow of the government of that country.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, § 1707, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2579; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, § 3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(V), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1821.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§ 2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
The Food for Peace Act, referred to in text, is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454, which is classified generally to chapter 41 (§ 1691 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of Title 7 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pub. L. 110–246 substituted “Food for Peace Act” for “Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954” in introductory provisions.
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.
22 U.S.C. § 6007 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6007. Policy toward a democratic Cuban Government
(a) Waiver of restrictions
The President may waive the requirements of section 6005 of this title if the President determines and reports to the Congress that the Government of Cuba—
(1) has held free and fair elections conducted under internationally recognized observers;
(2) has permitted opposition parties ample time to organize and campaign for such elections, and has permitted full access to the media to all candidates in the elections;
(3) is showing respect for the basic civil liberties and human rights of the citizens of Cuba;
(4) is moving toward establishing a free market economic system; and
(5) has committed itself to constitutional change that would ensure regular free and fair elections that meet the requirements of paragraph (2).
(b) Policies
If the President makes a determination under subsection (a) of this section, the President shall take the following actions with respect to a Cuban Government elected pursuant to elections described in subsection (a) of this section:
(1) To encourage the admission or reentry of such government to international organizations and international financial institutions.
(2) To provide emergency relief during Cuba’s transition to a viable economic system.
(3) To take steps to end the United States trade embargo of Cuba.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, § 1708, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2580.)
22 U.S.C. § 6008 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6008. Existing claims not affected
Except as provided in section 6004(a) of this title, nothing in this chapter affects the provisions of section 2370(a)(2) of this title.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, § 1709, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2580.)
22 U.S.C. § 6009 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6009. Enforcement
(a) Enforcement authority
The authority to enforce this chapter shall be carried out by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall exercise the authorities of the Trading With the Enemy Act [50 U.S.C. App. 1 et seq.] in enforcing this chapter. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take the necessary steps to ensure that activities permitted under section 6004 of this title are carried out for the purposes set forth in this chapter and not for purposes of the accumulation by the Cuban Government of excessive amounts of United States currency or the accumulation of excessive profits by any person or entity.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.
(c) Omitted
(d) Applicability of penalties
The penalties set forth in section 16 of the Trading With the Enemy Act [50 U.S.C. App. 16] shall apply to violations of this chapter to the same extent as such penalties apply to violations under that Act [50 U.S.C. App. 1 et seq.].
(e) Office of Foreign Assets Control
The Department of the Treasury shall establish and maintain a branch of the Office of Foreign Assets Control in Miami, Florida, in order to strengthen the enforcement of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, § 1710, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2580.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Trading With the Enemy Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, as amended, which is classified to sections 1 to 6, 7 to 39 and 41 to 44 of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section is comprised of section 1710 of Pub. L. 102–484. Subsec. (c) of section 1710 of Pub. L. 102–484 amended section 16 of the Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense.
22 U.S.C. § 6010 (FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE)
§ 6010. “United States person” defined
As used in this chapter, the term “United States person” means any United States citizen or alien admitted for permanent residence in the United States, and any corporation, partnership, or other organization organized under the laws of the United States.
(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, § 1711, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2581.)