dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
2 U.S.C. § 441h (THE CONGRESS)
§ 441h. Fraudulent misrepresentation of campaign authority
(a) In general
No person who is a candidate for Federal office or an employee or agent of such a candidate shall—
(1) fraudulently misrepresent himself or any committee or organization under his control as speaking or writing or otherwise acting for or on behalf of any other candidate or political party or employee or agent thereof on a matter which is damaging to such other candidate or political party or employee or agent thereof; or
(2) willfully and knowingly participate in or conspire to participate in any plan, scheme, or design to violate paragraph (1).
(b) Fraudulent solicitation of funds
No person shall—
(1) fraudulently misrepresent the person as speaking, writing, or otherwise acting for or on behalf of any candidate or political party or employee or agent thereof for the purpose of soliciting contributions or donations; or
(2) willfully and knowingly participate in or conspire to participate in any plan, scheme, or design to violate paragraph (1).
(Pub. L. 92–225, title III, § 322, formerly § 327, as added Pub. L. 94–283, title I, § 112(2), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 494; renumbered § 322, Pub. L. 96–187, title I, § 105(5), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354; amended Pub. L. 107–155, title III, § 309, Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 104.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 322 of Pub. L. 92–225 was renumbered section 317, and is classified to section 441c of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–155 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 107–155 effective Nov. 6, 2002, see section 402 of Pub. L. 107–155, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment; Regulations note under section 431 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 441j (THE CONGRESS)
§ 441j. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–187, title I, § 105(1), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354
text: Section, Pub. L. 92–225, title III, § 329, as added Pub. L. 94–283, title I, § 112(2), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 494, set forth provisions respecting penalties for violations of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.
heading: Effective Date of Repeal
text: Repeal effective Jan. 8, 1980, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 96–187, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 431 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 441k (THE CONGRESS)
§ 441k. Prohibition of contributions by minors
An individual who is 17 years old or younger shall not make a contribution to a candidate or a contribution or donation to a committee of a political party.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title III, § 324, as added Pub. L. 107–155, title III, § 318, Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 109.)
heading: Constitutionality
text: For information regarding constitutionality of section 324 of Pub. L. 92–225, as added by section 318 of Pub. L. 107–155, see Congressional Research Service, The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Appendix 1, Acts of Congress Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court of the United States.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 324 of Pub. L. 92–225 was renumbered section 319, and is classified to section 441e of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Nov. 6, 2002, but not applicable with respect to runoff elections, recounts, or election contests resulting from elections held prior to Nov. 6, 2002, see section 402 of Pub. L. 107–155, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment; Regulations note under section 431 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 442 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 442. Authority to procure technical support and other services and incur travel expenses; payment of such expenses
For the purpose of carrying out his duties under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, the Secretary of the Senate is authorized, from and after July 1, 1972, (1) to procure technical support services, (2) to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual technicians, experts, or consultants, or organizations thereof, in the same manner and under the same conditions, to the extent applicable, as a standing committee of the Senate may procure such services under section 72a(i) of this title, (3) with the prior consent of the Government department or agency concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any such department or agency, and (4) to incur official travel expenses. Payments to carry out the provisions of this paragraph shall be made from funds included in the appropriation “Miscellaneous Items” under the heading “Contingent Expenses of the Senate” upon vouchers approved by the Secretary of the Senate. All sums received by the Secretary under authority of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.
(Pub. L. 92–342, § 101, July 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 435.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 92–225, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 3, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 431 of this title and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1973 and not as a part of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 which comprises this chapter.
2 U.S.C. § 451 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 451. Extension of credit by regulated industries; regulations
The Secretary of Transportation, the Federal Communications Commission, and the Surface Transportation Board shall each maintain,1 its own regulations with respect to the extension of credit, without security, by any person regulated by the Secretary under subpart II of part A of subtitle VII of title 49, or such Commission or Board, to any candidate for Federal office, or to any person on behalf of such a candidate, for goods furnished or services rendered in connection with the campaign of such candidate for nomination for election, or election, to such office.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title IV, § 401, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 93–443, title II, § 201(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1275; Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(a), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 313, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 104–287, § 6(g), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3399.)
heading: References in Text
text: Subpart II of part A of subtitle VII of title 49, referred to in text, is set out in section 41101 et seq. of Title 49, Transportation.
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–287 substituted “the Secretary” for “such Secretary”.
1995—Pub. L. 104–88 inserted “or Board” after “or such Commission” and substituted “Surface Transportation Board shall each maintain” for “Interstate Commerce Commission shall each promulgate, within ninety days after February 7, 1972”.
1994—Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Civil Aeronautics Board” and “Secretary under subpart II of part A of subtitle VII of title 49, or such Commission,” for “Board or Commission”.
1974—Pub. L. 93–443 struck out “(as such term is defined in section 431(c) of this title)” after “Federal office”.
heading: Effective Date of 1995 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 701 of Title 49, Transportation.
heading: Effective Date of 1974 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 93–443 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as a note under section 431 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 452 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 452. Prohibition against use of certain Federal funds for election activities
No part of any funds appropriated to carry out the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.] shall be used to finance, directly or indirectly, any activity designed to influence the outcome of any election to Federal office, or any voter registration activity, or to pay the salary of any officer or employee of the Office of Economic Opportunity who, in his official capacity as such an officer or employee, engages in any such activity.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title IV, § 402, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 93–443, title II, § 201(b)(2), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1275.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 88–452, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508, as amended, which was classified generally to chapter 34 (§ 2701 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal, except for titles VIII and X, by Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 683(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519. Titles VIII and X of the Act are classified generally to subchapters VIII (§ 2991 et seq.) and X (§ 2996 et seq.) of chapter 34 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1974—Pub. L. 93–443 struck out reference to section 431(a) and (c) of this title for definition of “election” and “Federal office”.
heading: Effective Date of 1974 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 93–443 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as a note under section 431 of this title.
heading: Office of Economic Opportunity
text: Pub. L. 93–644, § 9(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2310 [42 U.S.C. 2941], amended the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.] to create the Community Services Administration, an independent agency in the executive branch, as the successor authority to the Office of Economic Opportunity, and provided that references to the Office of Economic Opportunity or to its Director were deemed to refer to the Community Services Administration or to its Director. The Community Services Administration was terminated when the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, except for titles VIII and X, was repealed, effective Oct. 1, 1981, by section 683(a) of Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519, which is classified to 42 U.S.C. 9912(a). An Office of Community Services, headed by a Director, was established in the Department of Health and Human Services by section 676 of Pub. L. 97–35, which is classified to 42 U.S.C. 9905.
2 U.S.C. § 453 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 453. State laws affected
(a) In general
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the provisions of this Act, and of rules prescribed under this Act, supersede and preempt any provision of State law with respect to election to Federal office.
(b) State and local committees of political parties
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, a State or local committee of a political party may, subject to State law, use exclusively funds that are not subject to the prohibitions, limitations, and reporting requirements of the Act for the purchase or construction of an office building for such State or local committee.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title IV, § 403, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 20; Pub. L. 93–443, title III, § 301, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1289; Pub. L. 107–155, title I, § 103(b)(2), Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 87.)
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, means the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended, as defined by section 431 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Pub. L. 107–155 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted “Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the provisions of this Act” for “The provisions of this Act”, and added subsec. (b).
1974—Pub. L. 93–443 substituted provision for Pub. L. 92–225 and rules thereunder to supersede and preempt any provision of State law with respect to election to Federal office for prior provisions which in former subsec. (a) stated that nothing in Pub. L. 92–225 shall be deemed to invalidate or make inapplicable any provision of State law, except where compliance with such provision would result in a violation of Pub. L. 92–225 and in former subsec. (b) stated that no provision of State law shall be construed to prohibit any person from taking any action authorized by Pub. L. 92–225 or from making any expenditure which he could lawfully make under Pub. L. 92–225.
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 107–155 effective Nov. 6, 2002, see section 402 of Pub. L. 107–155, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment; Regulations note under section 431 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1974 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 93–443 effective Oct. 15, 1974, see section 410(b) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as a note under section 431 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 454 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 454. Partial invalidity
If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title IV, § 404, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 20.)
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, means the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended, as defined by, section 431 of this title.
heading: Severability
text: Pub. L. 107–155, title IV, § 401, Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 112, provided that: “If any provision of this Act [see Short Title of 2002 Amendment note set out under section 431 of this title] or amendment made by this Act, or the application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the holding.”
2 U.S.C. § 455 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 455. Period of limitations
(a) No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any violation of subchapter I of this chapter, unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted within 5 years after the date of the violation.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law—
(1) the period of limitations referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall apply with respect to violations referred to in such subsection committed before, on, or after the effective date of this section; and
(2) no criminal proceeding shall be instituted against any person for any act or omission which was a violation of any provision of subchapter I of this chapter, as in effect on December 31, 1974, if such act or omission does not constitute a violation of any such provision, as amended by the Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974.
Nothing in this subsection shall affect any proceeding pending in any court of the United States on January 1, 1975.
(Pub. L. 92–225, title IV, § 406, as added Pub. L. 93–443, title III, § 302, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1289; amended Pub. L. 94–283, title I, § 115(f), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 107–155, title III, § 313(a), Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 106.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 93–433, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1263, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Amendment note set out under section 431 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–155 substituted “5 years” for “3 years”.
1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–283, § 115(f)(1), struck out references to sections 608, 610, 611, 613, 614, 615, 616, and 617 of title 18.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–283, § 115(f)(2), struck out references to sections 608, 610, 611, and 613 of title 18.
heading: Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 107–155, title III, § 313(b), Mar. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 106, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to violations occurring on or after the effective date of this Act [for general effective date of Pub. L. 107–155, see section 402 of Pub. L. 107–155, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment; Regulations note under section 431 of this title].”
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as an Effective Date of 1974 Amendment note under section 431 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 456 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 456. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–283, title I, § 111, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 486
text: Section, Pub. L. 92–225, title IV, § 407, as added Pub. L. 93–443, title III, § 302, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1290, gave Commission additional enforcement authority by providing for disqualification of candidates for Federal office from elections for Federal office for a period of time following a finding by Commission that candidate failed to file a required report.
heading: Savings Provision
text: Repeal by Pub. L. 94–283 not to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under this section or penalty, with this section or penalty to be treated as remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any proper action or prosecution for the enforcement of any penalty, forfeiture, or liability, see section 114 of Pub. L. 94–283, set out as a note under section 441 of this title.
2 U.S.C. § 457 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 457. Collection and use of conference fees
(a) The Federal Election Commission may charge and collect fees for attending or otherwise participating in a conference sponsored by the Commission, and notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, any amounts received from such fees during a fiscal year shall be credited to and merged with the amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the Commission during the year, and shall be available for use during the year for the costs of sponsoring such conferences.
(b) This section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2007 and each succeeding fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, title II, § 21078, as added Pub. L. 110–5, § 2, Feb. 15, 2007, 121 Stat. 59.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007, and not as part of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 which comprises this chapter.
2 U.S.C. § 472 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 472. Office of Technology Assessment
(a) Creation
In accordance with the findings and declaration of purpose in section 471 of this title, there is hereby created the Office of Technology Assessment (hereinafter referred to as the “Office”) which shall be within and responsible to the legislative branch of the Government.
(b) Composition
The Office shall consist of a Technology Assessment Board (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) which shall formulate and promulgate the policies of the Office, and a Director who shall carry out such policies and administer the operations of the Office.
(c) Functions and duties
The basic function of the Office shall be to provide early indications of the probable beneficial and adverse impacts of the applications of technology and to develop other coordinate information which may assist the Congress. In carrying out such function, the Office shall:
(1) identify existing or probable impacts of technology or technological programs;
(2) where possible, ascertain cause-and-effect relationships;
(3) identify alternative technological methods of implementing specific programs;
(4) identify alternative programs for achieving requisite goals;
(5) make estimates and comparisons of the impacts of alternative methods and programs;
(6) present findings of completed analyses to the appropriate legislative authorities;
(7) identify areas where additional research or data collection is required to provide adequate support for the assessments and estimates described in paragraph (1) through (5) of this subsection; and
(8) undertake such additional associated activities as the appropriate authorities specified under subsection (d) of this section may direct.
(d) Initiation of assessment activities
Assessment activities undertaken by the Office may be initiated upon the request of:
(1) the chairman of any standing, special, or select committee of either House of the Congress, or of any joint committee of the Congress, acting for himself or at the request of the ranking minority member or a majority of the committee members;
(2) the Board; or
(3) the Director, in consultation with the Board.
(e) Availability of information
Assessments made by the Office, including information, surveys, studies, reports, and findings related thereto, shall be made available to the initiating committee or other appropriate committees of the Congress. In addition, any such information, surveys, studies, reports, and findings produced by the Office may be made available to the public except where—
(1) to do so would violate security statutes; or
(2) the Board considers it necessary or advisable to withhold such information in accordance with one or more of the numbered paragraphs in section 552(b) of title 5.
(Pub. L. 92–484, § 3, Oct. 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 797.)
2 U.S.C. § 473 (THE CONGRESS)
§ 473. Technology Assessment Board
(a) Membership
The Board shall consist of thirteen members as follows:
(1) six Members of the Senate, appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate, three from the majority party and three from the minority party;
(2) six Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, three from the majority party and three from the minority party; and
(3) the Director, who shall not be a voting member.
(b) Execution of functions during vacancies; filling of vacancies
Vacancies in the membership of the Board shall not affect the power of the remaining members to execute the functions of the Board and shall be filled in the same manner as in the case of the original appointment.
(c) Chairman and vice chairman; selection procedure
The Board shall select a chairman and a vice chairman from among its members at the beginning of each Congress. The vice chairman shall act in the place and stead of the chairman in the absence of the chairman. The chairmanship and the vice chairmanship shall alternate between the Senate and the House of Representatives with each Congress. The chairman during each even-numbered Congress shall be selected by the Members of the House of Representatives on the Board from among their number. The vice chairman during each Congress shall be chosen in the same manner from that House of Congress other than the House of Congress of which the chairman is a Member.
(d) Meetings; powers of Board
The Board is authorized to sit and act at such places and times during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of Congress, and upon a vote of a majority of its members, to require by subpena or otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, to administer such oaths and affirmations, to take such testimony, to procure such printing and binding, and to make such expenditures, as it deems advisable. The Board may make such rules respecting its organization and procedures as it deems necessary, except that no recommendation shall be reported from the Board unless a majority of the Board assent. Subpenas may be issued over the signature of the chairman of the Board or of any voting member designated by him or by the Board, and may be served by such person or persons as may be designated by such chairman or member. The chairman of the Board or any voting member thereof may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses.
(Pub. L. 92–484, § 4, Oct. 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 798.)