dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
11 U.S.C. § 1101 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1101. Definitions for this chapter
In this chapter—
(1) “debtor in possession” means debtor except when a person that has qualified under section 322 of this title is serving as trustee in the case;
(2) “substantial consummation” means—
(A) transfer of all or substantially all of the property proposed by the plan to be transferred;
(B) assumption by the debtor or by the successor to the debtor under the plan of the business or of the management of all or substantially all of the property dealt with by the plan; and
(C) commencement of distribution under the plan.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2626.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section contains definitions of three terms that are used in chapter 11. Paragraph (1) defines debtor in possession to mean the debtor, except when a trustee who has qualified in serving in the case.
Paragraph (2), derived from section 229a of current law [section 629(a) of former title 11], defines substantial consummation. Substantial consummation of a plan occurs when transfer of all or substantially all of the property proposed by the plan to be transferred is actually transferred; when the debtor (or its successor) has assumed the business of the debtor or the management of all or substantially all of the property dealt with by the plan; and when distribution under the plan has commenced.
Paragraph (3) defines for purposes of Chapter 11 a public company to mean “a debtor who, within 12 months prior to the filing of a petition for relief under this chapter, had outstanding liabilities of $5 million or more, exclusive of liabilities for goods, services, or taxes and not less than 1,000 security holders.” There are, as noted, special safeguards for public investors related to the reorganization of a public company, as so defined.
Both requirements must be met: liabilities, excluding tax obligations and trade liabilities, must be $5 million or more; and (2) the number of holders of securities, debt or equity, or both, must be not less than 1,000. The amount and number are to be determined as of any time within 12 months prior to the filing of the petition for reorganization.
11 U.S.C. § 1105 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1105. Termination of trustee’s appointment
At any time before confirmation of a plan, on request of a party in interest or the United States trustee, and after notice and a hearing, the court may terminate the trustee’s appointment and restore the debtor to possession and management of the property of the estate and of the operation of the debtor’s business.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2628; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 501, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 99–554, title II, § 223, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3102.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section authorizes the court to terminate the trustee’s appointment and to restore the debtor to possession and management of the property of the estate and to operation of the debtor’s business. Section 1104(a) provides that this section does not apply in the case of a public company, for which the appointment of a trustee is mandatory.
heading: house report no. 95–595
text: This section authorizes the court to terminate the trustee’s appointment and to restore the debtor to possession and management of the property of the estate, and to operation of the debtor’s business. This section would permit the court to reverse its decision to order the appointment of a trustee in light of new evidence.
heading: Amendments
text: 1986—Pub. L. 99–554 inserted “or the United States trustee” after “party in interest”.
1984—Pub. L. 98–353 substituted “estate and of the” for “estate, and”.
heading: Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
text: Effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 99–554 dependent upon the judicial district involved, see section 302(d), (e) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1107 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1107. Rights, powers, and duties of debtor in possession
(a) Subject to any limitations on a trustee serving in a case under this chapter, and to such limitations or conditions as the court prescribes, a debtor in possession shall have all the rights, other than the right to compensation under section 330 of this title, and powers, and shall perform all the functions and duties, except the duties specified in sections 1106(a)(2), (3), and (4) of this title, of a trustee serving in a case under this chapter.
(b) Notwithstanding section 327(a) of this title, a person is not disqualified for employment under section 327 of this title by a debtor in possession solely because of such person’s employment by or representation of the debtor before the commencement of the case.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2628; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 503, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 384.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: legislative statements
text: The House amendment adopts section 1107(b) of the Senate amendment which clarifies a point not covered by the House bill.
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section places a debtor in possession in the shoes of a trustee in every way. The debtor is given the rights and powers of a chapter 11 trustee. He is required to perform the functions and duties of a chapter 11 trustee (except the investigative duties). He is also subject to any limitations on a chapter 11 trustee, and to such other limitations and conditions as the court prescribes cf. Wolf v. Weinstein, 372 U.S. 633, 649–650 (1963).
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–353 substituted “on a trustee serving in a case” for “on a trustee”.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1108 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1108. Authorization to operate business
Unless the court, on request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing, orders otherwise, the trustee may operate the debtor’s business.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2629; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 504, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 384.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: legislative statements
text: The House amendment adopts section 1108 of the House bill in preference to the style of an identical substantive provision contained in the Senate amendment. Throughout title 11 references to a “trustee” is read to include other parties under various sections of the bill. For example, section 1107 applies to give the debtor in possession all the rights and powers of a trustee in a case under chapter 11; this includes the power of the trustee to operate the debtor’s business under section 1108.
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section permits the debtor’s business to continue to be operated, unless the court orders otherwise. Thus, in a reorganization case, operation of the business will be the rule, and it will not be necessary to go to the court to obtain an order authorizing operation.
heading: house report no. 95–595
text: This section does not presume that a trustee will be appointed to operate the business of the debtor. Rather, the power granted to trustee under this section is one of the powers that a debtor in possession acquires by virtue of proposed 11 U.S.C. 1107.
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–353 inserted “, on request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing,”.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1109 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1109. Right to be heard
(a) The Securities and Exchange Commission may raise and may appear and be heard on any issue in a case under this chapter, but the Securities and Exchange Commission may not appeal from any judgment, order, or decree entered in the case.
(b) A party in interest, including the debtor, the trustee, a creditors’ committee, an equity security holders’ committee, a creditor, an equity security holder, or any indenture trustee, may raise and may appear and be heard on any issue in a case under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2629.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: legislative statements
text: Section 1109 of the House amendment represents a compromise between comparable provisions in the House bill and Senate amendment. As previously discussed the section gives the Securities and Exchange Commission the right to appear and be heard and to raise any issue in a case under chapter 11; however, the Securities and Exchange Commission is not a party in interest and the Commission may not appeal from any judgment, order, or decree entered in the case. Under section 1109(b) a party in interest, including the debtor, the trustee, creditors committee, equity securities holders committee, a creditor, an equity security holder, or an indentured trustee, may raise and may appear and be heard on any issue in a case under chapter 11. Section 1109(c) of the Senate amendment has been moved to subchapter IV pertaining to Railroad Reorganizations.
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: Subsection (a) provides, in unqualified terms, that any creditor, equity security holder, or an indenture trustee shall have the right to be heard as a party in interest under this chapter in person, by an attorney, or by a committee. It is derived from section 206 of chapter X ([former] 11 U.S.C. 606).
Subsection (b) provides that the Securities and Exchange Commission may appear by filing an appearance in a case of a public company and may appear in other cases if authorized or requested by the court. As a party in interest in either case, the Commission may raise and be heard on any issue. The Commission may not appeal from a judgment, order, or decree in a case, but may participate in any appeal by any other party in interest. This is the present law under section 208 of chapter X ([former] 11 U.S.C. 608).
heading: house report no. 95–595
text: Section 1109 authorizes the Securities and Exchange Commission and any indenture trustee to intervene in the case at any time on any issue. They may raise an issue or may appear and be heard on an issue that is raised by someone else. The section, following current law, denies the right of appeal to the Securities and Exchange Commission. It does not, however, prevent the Commission from joining or participating in an appeal taken by a true party in interest. The Commission is merely prevented from initiating the appeal in any capacity.
11 U.S.C. § 1111 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1111. Claims and interests
(a) A proof of claim or interest is deemed filed under section 501 of this title for any claim or interest that appears in the schedules filed under section 521(a)(1) or 1106(a)(2) of this title, except a claim or interest that is scheduled as disputed, contingent, or unliquidated.
(b)
(1)
(A) A claim secured by a lien on property of the estate shall be allowed or disallowed under section 502 of this title the same as if the holder of such claim had recourse against the debtor on account of such claim, whether or not such holder has such recourse, unless—
(i) the class of which such claim is a part elects, by at least two-thirds in amount and more than half in number of allowed claims of such class, application of paragraph (2) of this subsection; or
(ii) such holder does not have such recourse and such property is sold under section 363 of this title or is to be sold under the plan.
(B) A class of claims may not elect application of paragraph (2) of this subsection if—
(i) the interest on account of such claims of the holders of such claims in such property is of inconsequential value; or
(ii) the holder of a claim of such class has recourse against the debtor on account of such claim and such property is sold under section 363 of this title or is to be sold under the plan.
(2) If such an election is made, then notwithstanding section 506(a) of this title, such claim is a secured claim to the extent that such claim is allowed.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2630; Pub. L. 111–327, § 2(a)(32), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3561.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: legislative statements
text: A discussion of section 1111(b) of the House amendment is best considered in the context of confirmation and will therefore, be discussed in connection with section 1129.
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section dispenses with the need for every creditor and equity security holder to file a proof of claim or interest in a reorganization case. Usually the debtor’s schedules are accurate enough that they will suffice to determine the claims or interests allowable in the case. Thus, the section specifies that any claim or interest included on the debtor’s schedules is deemed filed under section 501. This does not apply to claims or interests that are scheduled as disputed, contingent, or unliquidated.
heading: Amendments
text: 2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–327 substituted “521(a)(1)” for “521(1)”.
11 U.S.C. § 1115 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1115. Property of the estate
(a) In a case in which the debtor is an individual, property of the estate includes, in addition to the property specified in section 541—
(1) all property of the kind specified in section 541 that the debtor acquires after the commencement of the case but before the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to a case under chapter 7, 12, or 13, whichever occurs first; and
(2) earnings from services performed by the debtor after the commencement of the case but before the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to a case under chapter 7, 12, or 13, whichever occurs first.
(b) Except as provided in section 1104 or a confirmed plan or order confirming a plan, the debtor shall remain in possession of all property of the estate.
(Added Pub. L. 109–8, title III, § 321(a)(1), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 94.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as an Effective Date of 2005 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1116 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1116. Duties of trustee or debtor in possession in small business cases
In a small business case, a trustee or the debtor in possession, in addition to the duties provided in this title and as otherwise required by law, shall—
(1) append to the voluntary petition or, in an involuntary case, file not later than 7 days after the date of the order for relief—
(A) its most recent balance sheet, statement of operations, cash-flow statement, and Federal income tax return; or
(B) a statement made under penalty of perjury that no balance sheet, statement of operations, or cash-flow statement has been prepared and no Federal tax return has been filed;
(2) attend, through its senior management personnel and counsel, meetings scheduled by the court or the United States trustee, including initial debtor interviews, scheduling conferences, and meetings of creditors convened under section 341 unless the court, after notice and a hearing, waives that requirement upon a finding of extraordinary and compelling circumstances;
(3) timely file all schedules and statements of financial affairs, unless the court, after notice and a hearing, grants an extension, which shall not extend such time period to a date later than 30 days after the date of the order for relief, absent extraordinary and compelling circumstances;
(4) file all postpetition financial and other reports required by the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure or by local rule of the district court;
(5) subject to section 363(c)(2), maintain insurance customary and appropriate to the industry;
(6)
(A) timely file tax returns and other required government filings; and
(B) subject to section 363(c)(2), timely pay all taxes entitled to administrative expense priority except those being contested by appropriate proceedings being diligently prosecuted; and
(7) allow the United States trustee, or a designated representative of the United States trustee, to inspect the debtor’s business premises, books, and records at reasonable times, after reasonable prior written notice, unless notice is waived by the debtor.
(Added Pub. L. 109–8, title IV, § 436(a), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 112.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, referred to in par. (4), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as an Effective Date of 2005 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1122 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1122. Classification of claims or interests
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a plan may place a claim or an interest in a particular class only if such claim or interest is substantially similar to the other claims or interests of such class.
(b) A plan may designate a separate class of claims consisting only of every unsecured claim that is less than or reduced to an amount that the court approves as reasonable and necessary for administrative convenience.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2631.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section codifies current case law surrounding the classification of claims and equity securities. It requires classification based on the nature of the claims or interests classified, and permits inclusion of claims or interests in a particular class only if the claim or interest being included is substantially similar to the other claims or interests of the class.
Subsection (b), also a codification of existing practice, contains an exception. The plan may designate a separate class of claims consisting only of every unsecured claim that is less than or reduced to an amount that the court approves as reasonable and necessary for administrative convenience.
11 U.S.C. § 1128 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1128. Confirmation hearing
(a) After notice, the court shall hold a hearing on confirmation of a plan.
(b) A party in interest may object to confirmation of a plan.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2635.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: [Section 1129 (enacted as section 1128)] Subsection (a) requires that there be a hearing in every case on the confirmation of the plan. Notice is required.
Subsection (b) permits any party in interest to object to the confirmation of the plan. The Securities and Exchange Commission and indenture trustees, as parties in interest under section 1109, may object to confirmation of the plan.
11 U.S.C. § 1142 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1142. Implementation of plan
(a) Notwithstanding any otherwise applicable nonbankruptcy law, rule, or regulation relating to financial condition, the debtor and any entity organized or to be organized for the purpose of carrying out the plan shall carry out the plan and shall comply with any orders of the court.
(b) The court may direct the debtor and any other necessary party to execute or deliver or to join in the execution or delivery of any instrument required to effect a transfer of property dealt with by a confirmed plan, and to perform any other act, including the satisfaction of any lien, that is necessary for the consummation of the plan.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2639; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 514(a), (c), (d), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 387.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–353, § 514(a), substituted “Implementation” for “Execution” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–353, § 514(c), struck out the comma after “shall carry out the plan”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–353, § 514(d), inserted “a” after “by”.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1143 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1143. Distribution
If a plan requires presentment or surrender of a security or the performance of any other act as a condition to participation in distribution under the plan, such action shall be taken not later than five years after the date of the entry of the order of confirmation. Any entity that has not within such time presented or surrendered such entity’s security or taken any such other action that the plan requires may not participate in distribution under the plan.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2639.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: Section 1143 fixes a 5-year limitation on presentment or surrender of securities or the performance of any other act that is a condition to participation in distribution under the plan. The 5 years runs from the date of the entry of the order of confirmation. Any entity that does not take the appropriate action with the 5-year period is barred from participation in the distribution under the plan.
11 U.S.C. § 1144 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1144. Revocation of an order of confirmation
On request of a party in interest at any time before 180 days after the date of the entry of the order of confirmation, and after notice and a hearing, the court may revoke such order if and only if such order was procured by fraud. An order under this section revoking an order of confirmation shall—
(1) contain such provisions as are necessary to protect any entity acquiring rights in good faith reliance on the order of confirmation; and
(2) revoke the discharge of the debtor.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2639; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 515, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 387.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: If an order of confirmation was procured by fraud, then the court may revoke the order on request of a party in interest if the request is made before 180 days after the date of the entry of the order of confirmation. The order revoking the order of confirmation must revoke the discharge of the debtor, and contain such provisions as are necessary to protect any entity acquiring rights in good faith reliance on the order of confirmation.
heading: Amendments
text: 1984—Pub. L. 98–353 inserted “if and only” after “revoke such order”.
heading: Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
11 U.S.C. § 1161 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1161. Inapplicability of other sections
Sections 341, 343, 1102(a)(1), 1104, 1105, 1107, 1129(a)(7), and 1129(c) of this title do not apply in a case concerning a railroad.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2641.)
heading: Historical and Revision Notes
heading: senate report no. 95–989
text: This section makes inapplicable sections of the bill which are either inappropriate in railroad reorganizations, or relate to matters which are otherwise dealt with in subchapter IV.
11 U.S.C. § 1162 (BANKRUPTCY)
§ 1162. Definition
In this subchapter, “Board” means the “Surface Transportation Board”.
(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 302(1), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 943.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1162, Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2641, defined “Commission”, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 302(1), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 943.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 701 of Title 49, Transportation.