dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
7 U.S.C. § 1520 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1520. Producer eligibility
Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a producer shall not be denied insurance under this subchapter if—
(1) for purposes of catastrophic risk protection coverage, the producer is a “person” (as defined by the Secretary); and
(2) for purposes of any other plan of insurance, the producer is 18 years of age and has a bona fide insurable interest in a crop as an owner-operator, landlord, tenant, or sharecropper.
(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 520, as added Pub. L. 92–357, July 28, 1972, 86 Stat. 501; amended Pub. L. 103–354, title I, § 113, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3203; Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, § 12033(c)(2)(B), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XII, § 12033(c)(2)(B), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2167.)
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pub. L. 110–246, § 12033(c)(2)(B), substituted “this subchapter” for “this chapter” in two places in introductory provisions.
1994—Pub. L. 103–354 substituted “Producer eligibility” for “Persons under twenty-one years of age” in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be denied insurance under this chapter solely on the ground that he is under twenty-one years of age if such person is (1) over eighteen years of age, and (2) has a bona fide insurable interest in a crop as an owner-operator, landlord, tenant or sharecropper: Provided, That any such person who enters into a Federal Crop Insurance contract shall be subject to the same legal liability and have the same legal rights with respect to such contract as any person over the age of twenty-one years.”
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
heading: Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 103–354 effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to provision of crop insurance under Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) beginning with 1995 crop year, with such Act, as in effect on the day before Oct. 13, 1994, to continue to apply with respect to 1994 crop year, see section 120 of Pub. L. 103–354, set out as a note under section 1502 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1521 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1521. Ineligibility for catastrophic risk and noninsured assistance payments
If the Secretary determines that a person has knowingly adopted a material scheme or device to obtain catastrophic risk, additional coverage, or noninsured assistance benefits under this subchapter to which the person is not entitled, has evaded this subchapter, or has acted with the purposes of evading this subchapter, the person shall be ineligible to receive all benefits applicable to the crop year for which the scheme or device was adopted.
(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 521, as added Pub. L. 103–354, title I, § 114, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3203; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, §§ 12002(b)(2), 12033(c)(2)(B), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1371, 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XII, §§ 12002(b)(2), 12033(c)(2)(B), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2133, 2167.)
heading: Codification
text: Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
heading: Amendments
text: 2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §§ 12002(b)(2), 12033(c)(2)(B), substituted “this subchapter” for “this chapter” wherever appearing and struck out at end “The authority provided by this section shall be in addition to, and shall not supplant, the authority provided by section 1506(n) of this title.”
heading: Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
text: Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to provision of crop insurance under Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) beginning with 1995 crop year, with such Act, as in effect on the day before Oct. 13, 1994, to continue to apply with respect to 1994 crop year, see section 120 of Pub. L. 103–354, set out as an Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note under section 1502 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1551 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1551. Short title
This chapter may be cited as the “Federal Seed Act.”
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, § 1, 53 Stat. 1275.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
heading: Short Title of 1983 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 97–439, § 1, Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2287, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1561, 1571, 1581, 1582, 1585, and 1586 of this title and repealing sections 1583 and 1584 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Seed Act Amendments of 1982’.”
7 U.S.C. § 1562 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1562. False representations as certified seed; required provisions
Any labeling, advertisement, or other representation subject to this chapter which represents that any seed is certified seed or any class thereof shall be deemed to be false in this respect unless (a) it has been determined by a seed certifying agency that such seed conformed to standards of genetic purity and identity as to kind or variety, and is in compliance with the rules and regulations of such agency pertaining to such seed; and (b) the seed bears an official label issued for such seed by a seed certifying agency certifying that the seed is of a specified class and a specified kind or variety. Seed of a variety for which a certificate of plant variety protection under the Plant Variety Protection Act [7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.] specifies sale only as a class of certified seed shall be certified only when
(1) the basic seed from which the variety was produced furnished by authority of the owner of the variety if the certification is made during the term of protection, and
(2) it conforms to the number of generations designated by the certificate, if the certificate contains such a designation.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title I, § 102, as added Pub. L. 85–581, § 4, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 476; amended Pub. L. 91–89, § 2, Oct. 17, 1969, 83 Stat. 134; Pub. L. 91–577, title III, § 142(b), Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1558.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Plant Variety Protection Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–577, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1542, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 57 (§ 2321 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2321 of this title and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1970—Pub. L. 91–577 inserted provisions setting out conditions for certification of seed of any variety for which a certificate of plant variety protection under the Plant Variety Protection Act specifies sale only as a class of certified seed.
1969—Pub. L. 91–89 struck out references to registered seed, and required labels, advertisement, or other representations to certify that the seed contained therein was determined by a seed certifying agency to be of a specified class and a specified kind of variety in conformity with the standards of genetic purity and identity as to kind or variety.
heading: Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 91–577 effective Dec. 24, 1970, see section 141 of Pub. L. 91–577, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2321 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1572 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1572. Records
All persons transporting, or delivering for transportation, in interstate commerce, agricultural seeds shall keep for a period of three years a complete record of origin, treatment, germination, and purity of each lot of such agricultural seeds, and all persons transporting, or delivering for transportation, in interstate commerce, vegetable seeds shall keep for a period of three years a complete record of treatment, germination and variety of such vegetable seeds. The Secretary of Agriculture, or his duly authorized agents, shall have the right to inspect such records for the purpose of the effective administration of this chapter.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title II, § 202, 53 Stat. 1281; Pub. L. 85–581, § 9, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 89–686, § 11, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 978.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1966—Pub. L. 89–686 required record of treatment of agricultural and vegetable seeds.
1958—Pub. L. 85–581 required keeping of records of vegetable seeds.
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1574 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1574. Disclaimers, limited warranties and nonwarranties
The use of a disclaimer, limited warranty, or nonwarranty clause in any invoice, advertising, labeling, or written, printed, or graphic matter, pertaining to any seed shall not constitute a defense, or be used as a defense in any way, in any prosecution or other proceeding brought under the provisions of this chapter, or the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder. Nothing in this section is intended to preclude the use of a disclaimer, limited warranty, or nonwarranty clause as a defense in any proceeding not brought under this chapter.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title II, § 204, 53 Stat. 1282; July 9, 1956, ch. 520, § 2, 70 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 85–581, § 11, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 478.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1958—Pub. L. 85–581 precluded use of limited warranty clause as defense in prosecution or other proceeding brought under provisions of this chapter and stated that use of enumerated clauses as defenses in proceedings not brought under this chapter is not barred.
1956—Act July 9, 1956, substituted “or other proceeding” for “, or in any proceeding for confiscation of seeds,”.
heading: Effective Date of 1956 Amendment
text: Amendments made by act July 9, 1956, applicable only with respect to violations occurring after July 9, 1956, see note set out under section 1596 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1575 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1575. False advertising
It shall be unlawful for any person to disseminate, or cause to be disseminated, any false advertisement concerning seed, by the United States mails, or in interstate or foreign commerce, in any manner or by any means, including radio broadcasts: Provided, however, That no person, advertising agency, or medium for the dissemination of advertising, except the person who transported, delivered for transportation, sold, or offered for sale seed to which the false advertisement relates, shall be liable under this section by reason of disseminating or causing to be disseminated any false advertisement, unless he or it has refused, on the request of the Secretary of Agriculture, to furnish the Secretary the name and post-office address of the person, or advertising agency, residing in the United States, who caused, directly or indirectly, the dissemination of such advertisement.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title II, § 205, 53 Stat. 1282.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1583, 1584 (AGRICULTURE)
§§ 1583, 1584. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–439, § 5(b)(4), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2288
text: Section 1583, act Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 303, 53 Stat. 1283, related to adulterated seed.
text: Section 1584, acts Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 304, 53 Stat. 1284; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–686, § 18, 80 Stat. 979, related to seed unfit for seeding purposes.
7 U.S.C. § 1585 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1585. Certain seeds not adapted for general agricultural use
Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture, after a public hearing, determines that seed of alfalfa or red clover from any foreign country is not adapted for general agricultural use in the United States, the Secretary shall publish the determination and the reasons for the determination.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 303, as added Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 441(3), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1585, act Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 303, formerly § 305, 53 Stat. 1284; renumbered § 303, Jan. 8, 1983, Pub. L. 97–439, § 5(b)(4), 96 Stat. 2288, related to requirement that certain seeds containing alfalfa and/or red clover be stained, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 441(3), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), except as otherwise provided, see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this subchapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 1586 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1586. Certain acts prohibited
It shall be unlawful for any person—
(a) To sell or offer for sale—
(1) any seed for seeding purposes if imported under this subchapter for other than seeding purposes;
(2) any screenings of any seeds for seeding purposes if imported under this subchapter for other than seeding purposes; or
(3) any seed which is prohibited entry under the provisions of this chapter.
(b) To make any false or misleading representation with respect to any seed subject to this subchapter being imported into the United States or offered for import: Provided, That this subsection shall not be deemed violated by any person if the false or misleading representation is the name of a variety indistinguishable in appearance from the seed being imported or offered for import and the records and other pertinent facts reveal that such person relied in good faith upon representations with respect to the name of the indistinguishable variety made by the shipper of the seed.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 304, formerly § 306, 53 Stat. 1285; Pub. L. 85–581, § 15, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 479; renumbered § 304, Pub. L. 97–439, § 5(b)(4), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, § 441(4), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Subsec. (a)(4) to (7). Pub. L. 103–465, § 441(4)(A), struck out pars. (4) to (7) which read as follows:
“(4) any seed which has been stained to resemble seed stained in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder;
“(5) any seed stained under the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, when mixed with seed of the same kind produced in the United States;
“(6) any seed stained with different colors;
“(7) any seed stained under the provisions of this chapter, the labeling of which states that such seed is adapted.”
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 103–465, § 441(4)(B), (C), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “To change the proportion of seeds stained under the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder or to alter, modify, conceal, or remove in any manner or by any means the color of such stained seeds.”
1958—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 85–581 added subsec. (c).
heading: Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), except as otherwise provided, see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1591 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1591. Delegation of duties
Any duties devolving upon the Secretary of Agriculture by virtue of the provisions of this chapter may with like force and effect be executed by such officer or officers, agent or agents, of the Department of Agriculture as the Secretary may designate for the purpose.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 401, 53 Stat. 1285.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1592 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1592. Rules and regulations
(a) The Secretary of Agriculture shall make such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary for the effective enforcement of this chapter, except as otherwise provided in this section.
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Agriculture shall make, jointly or severally, such rules and regulations as they may deem necessary for the effective enforcement of subchapter III of this chapter.
(c) Prior to the promulgation of any rule or regulation under this chapter, due notice shall be given by publication in the Federal Register of intention to promulgate and the time and place of a public hearing to be held with reference thereto, and no rule or regulation may be promulgated until after such hearing. Any rule or regulation shall become effective on the date fixed in the promulgation, which date shall be not less than thirty days after publication in the Federal Register and may be amended or revoked in the manner provided for its promulgation.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 402, 53 Stat. 1285.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1593 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1593. Standards, tests, tolerances
(a) The samplings, analyses, tests, or examinations of seeds made in connection with the administration of this chapter shall be made by methods set forth by rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title.
(b) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to make and promulgate by rules and regulations, reasonable tolerances as to the percentages and rates of occurrence required to be stated or required by this chapter.
(c) For the purpose of section 1571(b) of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to investigate, determine, establish, and promulgate from time to time such reasonable standards of germination for each kind of vegetable seed as will in his judgment best protect crop production.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 403, 53 Stat. 1285.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1593a (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1593a. Seed variety information and survey
(a) Information
(1) In general
Grain submitted for public testing shall be evaluated for selected specific agronomic performance characteristics and intrinsic end-use performance characteristics, as determined by the Secretary, with the results of the evaluations made available to the Secretary.
(2) Dissemination of information
The Secretary shall disseminate varietal performance information obtained under paragraph (1) to plant breeders, producers, and end users.
(b) Survey
The Secretary shall periodically conduct, compile, and publish a survey of grain varieties commercially produced in the United States.
(c) Analysis of variety survey data
The Secretary shall analyze the variety surveys conducted under subsection (b) of this section in conjunction with available applied research information on intrinsic quality characteristics of the varieties, to evaluate general intrinsic crop quality characteristics and trends in production related to intrinsic quality characteristics. This information shall be disseminated as required by subsection (a)(2) of this section.
(Pub. L. 101–624, title XX, § 2013, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3933.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Grain Quality Incentives Act of 1990, and also as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, and not as part of the Federal Seed Act which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1594 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1594. Prohibition against alterations
No person shall detach, alter, deface, or destroy any label provided for in this chapter or the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder by the Secretary of Agriculture, or alter or substitute seed in a manner that may defeat the purpose of this chapter.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 404, 53 Stat. 1286.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1595 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1595. Seizure
(a) Any seed sold, delivered for transportation in interstate commerce, or transported in interstate or foreign commerce in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter shall, at the time of such violation or at any time thereafter, be liable to be proceeded against on libel of information and condemned in any district court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which the seed is found.
(b) If seed is condemned by a decree of the court as being in violation of the provisions of this chapter, it may be disposed of by the court by—
(1) sale; or
(2) delivery to the owner thereof after he has appeared as claimant and paid the court costs and fees and storage and other proper expenses and executed and delivered a bond with good and sufficient sureties that such seed will not be sold or disposed of in any jurisdiction contrary to the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, or the laws of such jurisdiction; or
(3) destruction.
(c) If such seed is disposed of by sale, the proceeds of the sale, less the court costs and fees and storage and other proper expenses, shall be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts, but such seed shall not be sold or disposed of in any jurisdiction contrary to the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, or the laws of such jurisdiction.
(d) The proceedings in such libel cases shall conform, as nearly as may be, to the proceedings in admiralty, except that either party may demand trial by jury of any issue of fact joined in any such case; and such proceedings shall be at the suit of and in the name of the United States.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 405, 53 Stat. 1286.)
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title
7 U.S.C. § 1596 (AGRICULTURE)
§ 1596. Penalties
(a) Any person who knowingly, or as a result either of gross negligence or of a failure to make a reasonable effort to inform himself of the pertinent facts, violates any provision of this chapter or the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall pay a fine of not more than $1,000, for the first offense, and upon conviction for each subsequent offense not more than $2,000.
(b) Any person who violates any provision of this chapter or the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder shall forfeit to the United States a sum, not less than $25 or more than $500, for each such violation, which forfeiture shall be recoverable in a civil suit brought in the name of the United States.
(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 406, 53 Stat. 1286; July 9, 1956, ch. 520, § 1, 70 Stat. 508.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1956—Act July 9, 1956, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted “knowingly or as a result either of gross negligence or of a failure to make a reasonable effort to inform himself of the pertinent facts,” and added subsec. (b).
heading: Effective Date of 1956 Amendment
text: Act July 9, 1956, ch. 520, § 4, 70 Stat. 508, provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [amending sections 1574, 1596, and 1602 of this title] shall be applicable only with respect to violations occurring after the enactment of this Act [July 9, 1956].”
heading: Effective Date
text: See section 1610 of this title.