dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
15 U.S.C. § 4603a (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4603a. Study and report by Semiconductor Technology Council
(a) Study and report
Not later than February 1, 1989, and annually thereafter for each fiscal year in which appropriated funds are expended for Sematech the Semiconductor Technology Council established under section 4603(a) of this title shall conduct a study and submit a report to the Governmental Affairs Committee and the Armed Services Committee of the Senate and to appropriate committees of the House of Representatives concerning Federal participation in Sematech. The study and report shall be conducted under the direction of the Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology.
(b) Council recommendations and report
The Council shall include in the report submitted under subsection (a) of this section the following:
(1) identification of potential sources of Federal funding from department and agency budgets for Sematech and recommendations concerning methods and terms of Federal financial participation in Sematech, including grants, loans, loan guarantees, and contributions in kind. The feasibility of methods of Federal recoupment shall also be considered;
(2) definition and assessment of continued Federal participation in Sematech including, but not limited to, issues of technology research and development, civilian and defense industrial base objectives and initiatives, and commercialization. The report shall include a summary of the most recent plans, milestones, and cost estimates for Sematech, including any changes and alterations, and shall comment on Sematech’s accomplishments and shortfalls in the preceding fiscal year;
(3) coordination of inter-agency participation, including all matters pertaining to Federal funding and decisionmaking, and other issues regarding Federal participation in Sematech; and
(4) any other issues and questions the Council deems appropriate shall be considered.
(Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5422, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1468; Pub. L. 102–245, title I, § 103(e), Feb. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title II, § 263(g), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1610.)
heading: Codification
text: Section was enacted as part of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, and not as part of part F of title II of division A of Pub. L. 100–180 which comprises this subchapter.
heading: Amendments
text: 1993—Pub. L. 103–160 substituted “Semiconductor Technology Council” for “Advisory Council on Federal Participation in Sematech” in section catchline and subsec. (a).
1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–245 substituted “Technology” for “Economic Affairs”.
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.
15 U.S.C. § 4604 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4604. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1031(a)(2), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 714
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title II, § 274, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1071, directed Comptroller General to review annual reports submitted by auditor on Sematech funding and transmit comments to Congress.
15 U.S.C. § 4605 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4605. Export of semiconductor manufacturing
Any export of materials, equipment, and technology developed by Sematech in whole or in part with financial assistance provided under section 4602(a) of this title shall be subject to the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) and shall not be subject to the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.].
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title II, § 275, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1071.)
heading: References in Text
text: The Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 96–72, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 503, as amended, which is classified principally to section 2401 et seq. of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2401 of Title 50, Appendix, and Tables.
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§ 2751 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of Title 22 and Tables.
15 U.S.C. § 4606 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4606. Protection of information
(a) Freedom of Information Act
Section 552 of title 5 shall not apply to information obtained by the Federal Government on a confidential basis under section 4602(b)(5) of this title.
(b) Intellectual property
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, intellectual property, trade secrets, and technical data owned and developed by Sematech or any of the participants in Sematech may not be disclosed by any officer or employee of the Department of Defense except as provided in the provision included in the memorandum of understanding pursuant to section 4602(b)(5) of this title.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title II, § 276, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1071.)
15 U.S.C. § 4621 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4621. Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Semiconductors and related microelectronic devices are key components in computers, telecommunications equipment, advanced defense systems, and other equipment.
(2) Aggregate sales of such equipment, in excess of $230,000,000,000 annually, comprise a significant portion of the gross national product of the United States.
(3) The leadership position of the United States in advanced technology is threatened by (A) competition from foreign businesses which is promoted and facilitated by the increasingly active involvement of foreign governments, and (B) other changes in the nature of foreign competition.
(4) The principal cause of the relative shift in strength of the United States and its semiconductor competitors is the establishment of a long-term goal by a major foreign competitor to achieve world superiority in semiconductor research and manufacturing technology and the pursuit of such goal by that competitor by effectively marshalling all of the government, industry, and academic resources needed to achieve that goal.
(5) Although the United States semiconductor industry leads all other principal United States industries in terms of its reinvestment in research and development, that has been insufficient by worldwide standards.
(6) Electronic equipment is essential to protect the national security of the United States, as is evidenced by the allocation of approximately 35 percent of the total research, development, and procurement budgets of the Department of Defense to electronics research.
(7) The Armed Forces of the United States will eventually depend extensively on foreign semiconductor technology unless significant steps are taken, and taken at an early date, to retain United States leadership in semiconductor technology research.
(8) It is in the interests of the national security and national economy of the United States for the United States to regain its traditional world leadership in the field of semiconductors.
(9) The most effective means of regaining that leadership is through a joint research effort of the Federal Government and private industry of the United States to improve semiconductor manufacturing technology and to develop practical uses for such technology.
(10) In order to meet the national defense needs of the United States and to insure the continued vitality of a commercial manufacturing base in the United States, it is essential that priority be given to the development, demonstration, and advancement of the semiconductor technology base in the United States.
(11) The national laboratories of the Department of Energy are a major national research resource, and the extensive involvement of such laboratories in the semiconductor research initiatives of the Federal Government and private industry would be an effective use of such laboratories and would help insure the success of such initiatives.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3141, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1241.)
15 U.S.C. § 4622 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4622. Establishment of semiconductor manufacturing technology research initiative
The Secretary of Energy shall initiate and carry out a program (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the “Initiative”) of research on semiconductor manufacturing technology and on the practical applications of such technology. The Secretary may carry out the Initiative in a way that complements the activities of a consortium of United States semiconductor manufacturers, materials manufacturers, and equipment manufacturers, established for the purpose of conducting research concerning advanced semiconductor manufacturing techniques and developing techniques to adopt manufacturing expertise to a variety of semiconductor products.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3142, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1242.)
heading: References in Text
text: This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this subtitle” and was translated as reading “this part” meaning part D of title I of division C of Pub. L. 100–180 which enacted this subchapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress because title I did not contain subtitles.
15 U.S.C. § 4623 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4623. Participation of national laboratories of Department of Energy
(a) Mission of national laboratories
Each national laboratory of the Department of Energy may participate in research and development projects under the Initiative in conjunction with the Department of Defense or with any consortium, college, or university carrying out any project for or in cooperation with any consortium referred to in section 4622 of this title, to the extent that such participation is consistent with the missions of the national laboratory.
(b) Agreements
The Secretary of Energy may enter into such agreements with the Secretary of Defense, with any consortium referred to in section 4622 of this title, and with any college or university as may be necessary to provide for the active participation of the national laboratories of the Department of Energy in the Initiative.
(c) Research and development
One or more national laboratories of the Department of Energy shall participate in the Initiative by conducting research and development activities relating to research on the development of semiconductor manufacturing technologies. Such activities may include research and development relating to materials fabrication, materials characterization, design and modeling of devices, and new processing equipment.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3143, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1243.)
15 U.S.C. § 4624 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4624. Personnel exchanges
The Secretary of Energy may authorize temporary exchanges of personnel between the national laboratories of the Department of Energy and any domestic firm or any consortium referred to in section 4622 of this title that is participating in the Initiative. The exchange of personnel shall be subject to such restrictions, limitations, terms, and conditions that the Secretary of Energy considers necessary in the interest of national security.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3144, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1243.)
15 U.S.C. § 4625 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4625. Other Department of Energy resources
(a) Availability of resources
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Energy may make available to the Department of Defense, to any other department or agency of the Federal Government, and to any consortium that has entered into an agreement in furtherance of the Initiative any facilities, personnel, equipment, services, and other resources of the Department of Energy for the purpose of conducting research and development projects under the Initiative consistent with section 4623(a) of this title.
(b) Reimbursement
The Secretary may make facilities available under this section only to the extent that the cost of the use of such facilities is reimbursed by the user.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3145, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1243.)
15 U.S.C. § 4626 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4626. Budgeting for semiconductor manufacturing technology research
(a) Budget submission
To the extent the Secretary considers appropriate and necessary, the Secretary of Energy, in preparing the research and development budget of the Department of Energy to be included in the annual budget submitted to the Congress by the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, shall provide for programs, projects, and activities that encourage the development of new technology in the field of semiconductors.
(b) Budget categories
The programs, projects, and activities described in subsection (a) of this section shall be included in the budget for general science and research activities of the Department of Energy, except that any programs, projects, and activities that directly support and directly benefit the defense activities of the Department shall be included in the budget for atomic energy defense activities of the Department of Energy.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3146, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1243.)
15 U.S.C. § 4627 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4627. Cost-sharing agreements
(a) Permitted provisions
The director of each national laboratory of the Department of Energy that is participating in the Initiative or the contractor operating any such national laboratory, in carrying out programs under a contract with the Department of Energy, may include in any research and development agreement entered into with a domestic firm in connection with such Initiative a cooperative provision for the domestic firm to pay a portion of the cost of the research and development activities.
(b) Limitations
(1) Not more than an amount equal to 1 percent of any national laboratory’s annual budget shall be received from nonappropriated funds derived from contracts entered into under the Initiative in any fiscal year, except to the extent approved in advance by the Secretary of Energy.
(2) No Department of Energy national laboratory may receive more than $10,000,000 of nonappropriated funds under any cooperative research and development agreement entered into under this subsection in connection with the Initiative, except to the extent approved in advance by the Secretary of Energy.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3147, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1244.)
15 U.S.C. § 4628 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4628. Department of Energy oversight of cooperative agreements relating to Initiative
(a) Provisions relating to disapproval and modification of agreements
If the Secretary of Energy desires an opportunity to disapprove or require the modification of any agreement under section 4627 of this title, the agreement shall provide a 90-day period within which such action may be taken, beginning on the date the agreement is submitted to the Secretary.
(b) Record of agreements
Each national laboratory shall maintain a record of all agreements entered into under this section.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3148, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1244.)
15 U.S.C. § 4629 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4629. Avoidance of duplication
In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary of Energy shall ensure that unnecessary duplicative research is not performed at the research facilities (including the national laboratories of the Department of Energy) that are participating in the Initiative.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3149, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1244.)
15 U.S.C. § 4630 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4630. Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Energy for fiscal year 1988 the sum of $25,000,000 for general science and research activities of the Department of Energy under the Initiative.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3150, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1244.)
15 U.S.C. § 4631 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4631. Technology transfer
(a) In general
The Secretary of Energy shall adopt procedures to provide for timely and efficient transfer of semiconductor technology developed under the Initiative pursuant to applicable laws, Executive orders, and regulations.
(b) Plan for commercialization enhancement
(1) Not later than one year after the date on which funds are first appropriated to conduct the Initiative, the Secretary of Energy shall transmit to the committees of Congress named in paragraph (2) a plan for the transfer of semiconductor technology and information generated by the Initiative.
(2) The committees of Congress referred to in paragraph (1) are the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
(Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title I, § 3151, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 103–437, § 5(b)(6), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4582.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1994—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted “Committee on Science, Space, and Technology” for “Committee on Science and Technology”.
15 U.S.C. § 4701 to 4704 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§§ 4701 to 4704. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Sections 4701 to 4704 were omitted pursuant to section 4704 which provided that the authorities under this subchapter expired on Dec. 31, 1998.
Section 4701, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2122, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1325, defined “Japanese markets”.
Section 4702, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2123, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1326, established initiative on auto parts sales to Japan.
Section 4703, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2124, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1326, established Special Advisory Committee on auto parts sales in Japan.
Section 4704, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2125, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 103–236, title V, § 510(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 465, provided that the authorities under this subchapter expire on Dec. 31, 1998.
heading: Short Title of 1998 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXVIII, § 3801, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2275, provided that title XXXVIII of div. C of Pub. L. 105–261, enacting former subchapter I–A of this chapter, could be cited as the “Fair Trade in Automotive Parts Act of 1998”.
heading: Short Title of 1994 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 103–392, title IV, § 401, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4099, provided that: “This title [amending section 4728 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Environmental Export Promotion Act of 1994’.”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2001, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1325, provided that: “This title [enacting this chapter, section 3310a of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 2410a of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense, amending sections 4003, 4051, and 4052 of this title, sections 5314 and 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 1431 and 1708 of Title 7, Agriculture, sections 635q to 635s of Title 12, Banks and Banking, section 1864 of Title 19, Customs Duties, sections 2151f, 2191a, 2195, and 2421 of Title 22, section 1702 of Title 50, and sections 5, 6, 39, 2403 to 2406, 2409 to 2414, 2417, and 2419 of Title 50, Appendix, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4011 and 4701 of this title, sections 1421 and 1431 of Title 7, section 635q of Title 12, sections 2191 and 2421 of Title 22, section 1702 of Title 50, and sections 5, 2401, 2404, 2406, and 2410a of Title 50, Appendix] may be referred to as the ‘Export Enhancement Act of 1988’.”
Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2121, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1325, provided that this subchapter could be referred to as the “Fair Trade in Auto Parts Act of 1988”.
15 U.S.C. § 4705 to 4705c (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§§ 4705 to 4705c. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Sections 4705 to 4705c were omitted pursuant to section 4705c which provided that the authority under this subchapter expired on Dec. 31, 2003.
Section 4705, Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXVIII, § 3802, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2275, contained definitions.
Section 4705a, Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXVIII, § 3803, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2276, related to re-establishment of initiative on automotive parts sales to Japan.
Section 4705b, Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXVIII, § 3804, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2276, established Special Advisory Committee on automotive parts sales in Japanese and other Asian markets.
Section 4705c, Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXVIII, § 3805, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2277, provided that the authority under this subchapter expire on Dec. 31, 2003.
15 U.S.C. § 4711 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4711. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, § 671(1), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1407
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2202, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1954(b)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1928, required the Secretary of State to report annually on the economic policy and trade practices of each country with which the United States has an economic or trade relationship.
15 U.S.C. § 4722 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4722. Transferred
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2302, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1341, which related to Commercial Service Officers and multilateral development bank procurement, was renumbered § 1803 of title XVIII of Pub. L. 95–118, by Pub. L. 101–240, title V, § 541(b)(2), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2517, and was transferred to section 262s–2 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
15 U.S.C. § 4724 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 4724. Trade shows
(a) Authority of Secretary of Commerce
In order to facilitate exporting by United States businesses, the Secretary of Commerce shall provide assistance for trade shows in the United States which bring together representatives of United States businesses seeking to export goods or services produced in the United States and representatives of foreign companies or governments seeking to buy such goods or services from these United States businesses.
(b) Recipients of assistance
Assistance under subsection (a) of this section may be provided to—
(1) nonprofit industry organizations,
(2) trade associations,
(3) foreign trade zones, and
(4) private industry firms or groups of firms in cases where no entity described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) represents that industry,
to provide the services necessary to operate trade shows described in subsection (a) of this section.
(c) Assistance to small businesses
In providing assistance under this section, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in consultation with the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, make special efforts to facilitate participation by small businesses and companies new to export.
(d) Uses of assistance
Funds appropriated to carry out this section shall be used to—
(1) identify potential participants for trade show organizers,
(2) provide information on trade shows to potential participants,
(3) supply language services for participants, and
(4) provide information on trade shows to small businesses and companies new to export.
(e) Definitions
As used in this section—
(1) the term “United States business” means—
(A) a United States citizen;
(B) a corporation, partnership, or other association created under the laws of the United States or of any State (including the District of Columbia or any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States); or
(C) a foreign corporation, partnership, or other association, more than 95 percent of which is owned by persons described in subparagraphs (A) and (B); and
(2) the term “small business” means any small business concern as defined under section 632 of this title.
(Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2304, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1343.)