dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
16 U.S.C. § 962 (CONSERVATION)
§ 962. Reduction of bycatch in eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and acting through the United States Commissioners, shall seek, in cooperation with other nations whose vessels fish for tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, to establish standards and measures for a bycatch reduction program for vessels fishing for yellowfin tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The bycatch reduction program shall include measures—
(1) to require, to the maximum extent practicable, that sea turtles and other threatened species and endangered species are released alive;
(2) to reduce, to the maximum extent practicable, the harvest of nontarget species;
(3) to reduce, to the maximum extent practicable, the mortality of nontarget species; and
(4) to reduce, to the maximum extent practicable, the mortality of juveniles of the target species.
(Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 907, § 15, as added Pub. L. 105–42, § 7(c), Aug. 15, 1997, 111 Stat. 1138; amended Pub. L. 114–81, title II, § 209, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 664.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section 7(c) of Pub. L. 105–42, which directed the addition of this section at the end of the Tuna Conventions Act, was executed by adding this section at the end of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Pub. L. 114–81 substituted “vessels” for “vessel” in introductory provisions.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective upon certification by Secretary of Commerce that sufficient funding is available to complete first year of study required by section 1414a(a) of this title and that study has commenced, and certification by Secretary of State to Congress that binding resolution of Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission or other legally binding instrument establishing International Dolphin Conservation Program has been adopted and is in force, see section 8 of Pub. L. 105–42, set out as an Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note under section 1362 of this title.
16 U.S.C. § 971b–1 (CONSERVATION)
§ 971b–1. Species working groups
The United States Commissioners may establish species working groups for the purpose of providing advice and recommendations to the Commissioners and the advisory committee on matters relating to the conservation and management of any highly migratory species covered by the Convention. Any species working group shall consist of no more than seven members of the advisory committee and no more than four scientific or technical personnel, as considered necessary by the Commissioner.
(Pub. L. 94–70, § 4A, as added Pub. L. 101–627, title II, § 205, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4460.)
16 U.S.C. § 971f (CONSERVATION)
§ 971f. Enforcement
(a) For additional prohibitions relating to this chapter and enforcement of this chapter, see section 1826g of this title.
(b) To the extent authorized under the convention or by agreements between the United States and any contracting party concluded pursuant to section 971c(b) of this title for international enforcement, the duly authorized officials of such party shall have the authority to carry out enforcement activities with respect to this chapter that are otherwise authorized by law with respect to persons or vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and the officials of the United States authorized pursuant to this section shall have the authority to carry out enforcement activities with respect to this chapter that are otherwise authorized by law with respect to persons or vessels subject to the jurisdiction of such party, except that where any agreement provides for arrest or seizure of persons or vessels under United States jurisdiction it shall also provide that the person or vessel arrested or seized shall be promptly handed over to a United States enforcement officer or another authorized United States official.
(Pub. L. 94–70, § 8, Aug. 5, 1975, 89 Stat. 391; Pub. L. 114–81, title I, § 107(3), (4), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 658.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–81, § 107(3), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to particular powers of persons authorized to enforce the provisions of this chapter and the regulations issued thereunder.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–81, § 107(4), substituted “enforcement activities with respect to this chapter that are otherwise authorized by law” for “the enforcement activities specified in subsection (a) of this section” in two places.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–81, § 107(3)(A), struck out subsec. (c) which related to bonds or stipulations.
16 U.S.C. § 971j (CONSERVATION)
§ 971j. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–81, title I, § 107(5), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 658
text: Section, Pub. L. 94–70, § 11, as added Pub. L. 104–43, title III, § 308, Nov. 3, 1995, 109 Stat. 386; amended Pub. L. 105–384, title II, § 202(b)(1)(E), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3453, required the Secretary to submit an annual report.
16 U.S.C. § 971k (CONSERVATION)
§ 971k. Savings clause
Nothing in this chapter shall have the effect of diminishing the rights and obligations of any Nation under Article VIII(3) of the Convention.
(Pub. L. 94–70, § 11, formerly § 12, as added Pub. L. 104–43, title III, § 308, Nov. 3, 1995, 109 Stat. 387; amended Pub. L. 105–384, title II, § 202(b)(1)(E), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3453; renumbered § 11, Pub. L. 114–81, title I, § 107(5), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 658.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 11 of Pub. L. 94–70 was renumbered section 12 and is set out as a Separability note under section 971 of this title.
Another prior section 11 of Pub. L. 94–70 was classified to section 971j of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–81, title I, § 107(5), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 658.
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Pub. L. 105–384 made technical amendment to style of heading and section designation in original act.
16 U.S.C. § 972...972h (CONSERVATION)
§§ 972 to 972h. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–81, title II, § 210, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 664
text: Section 972, Pub. L. 98–445, § 2, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1715, provided definitions for this chapter.
text: Section 972a, Pub. L. 98–445, § 3, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1716, related to United States representation on the Council.
text: Section 972b, Pub. L. 98–445, § 4, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1716, authorized the Secretary of State to act for United States.
text: Section 972c, Pub. L. 98–445, § 5, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1716; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, related to application to other laws.
text: Section 972d, Pub. L. 98–445, § 6, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1716, related to disposition of fees.
text: Section 972e, Pub. L. 98–445, § 7, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1716, related to regulations.
text: Section 972f, Pub. L. 98–445, § 8, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1717, related to prohibited acts.
text: Section 972g, Pub. L. 98–445, § 9, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1717; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117, related to enforcement.
text: Section 972h, Pub. L. 98–445, § 10, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1719, authorized appropriations.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 98–445, § 1, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1715, which provided that Pub. L. 98–445 could be cited as the “Eastern Pacific Tuna Licensing Act of 1984”, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–81, title II, § 210, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 664.
16 U.S.C. § 973a (CONSERVATION)
§ 973a. Application to other laws
The seizure by a Pacific Island Party of a vessel of the United States shall not be determined to be a seizure described in section 1825(a)(4)(C) of this title or section 1972 of title 22 if the seizure is found by the Secretary of State to be in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 3, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–208 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 1825(a)(4)(C) of this title.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Oct. 11, 1996.
16 U.S.C. § 973b (CONSERVATION)
§ 973b. Regulations
The Secretary of Commerce, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State and after consultation with the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, shall issue regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes and objectives of the Treaty and this chapter. These regulations shall be made applicable as necessary to all persons and vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, wherever located.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 4, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 592.)
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Effective Date
text: Authority to promulgate regulations effective on June 7, 1988, with any such regulation not to be effective before date on which Treaty enters into force for the United States, see section 21 of Pub. L. 100–330, set out as an Effective Date note under section 973 of this title.
heading: Transfer of Functions
text: For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
16 U.S.C. § 973d (CONSERVATION)
§ 973d. Repealed. Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8414, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1915
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–330, § 6, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 108–219, title IV, § 402, Apr. 13, 2004, 118 Stat. 617, created certain exceptions to prohibitions under section 973c of this title and licensing requirements under section 973g of this title.
16 U.S.C. § 973e (CONSERVATION)
§ 973e. Criminal offenses
(a) Prohibited acts
A person is guilty of a criminal offense if he or she commits any act prohibited by paragraph (6), (8), (9), or (10) of section 973c(a) of this title.
(b) Sentence and fine
Any offense described in subsection (a) of this section is punishable by a fine of not more than $50,000, or imprisonment for not more than 6 months, or both; except that if in the commission of any such offense the person uses a dangerous weapon, engages in conduct that causes bodily injury to any Authorized Officer, Authorized Party Officer, or observer under the Treaty in the conduct of their duties, or places any such Authorized Officer, Authorized Party Officer, or observer in fear of imminent bodily injury, the offense is punishable by a fine of not more than $100,000 or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both.
(c) Jurisdiction
The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction over any offense described in this section.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 7, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8415, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1915.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 119–60 substituted “paragraph (6), (8), (9), or (10) of section 973c(a)” for “section 973c(a)(8), (10), (11), or (12)”.
16 U.S.C. § 973j (CONSERVATION)
§ 973j. Disclosure of information
(a) Prohibited disclosure of certain information
Pursuant to section 552(b)(3) of title 5, except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary shall keep confidential and may not disclose the following information:
(1) Information provided to the Secretary by the Administrator that the Administrator has designated confidential.
(2) Information collected by observers.
(3) Information submitted to the Secretary by any person in compliance with the requirements of this chapter.
(b) Authorized disclosure of certain information
The Secretary may disclose information described in subsection (a)—
(1) if disclosure is ordered by a court;
(2) if the information is used by a Federal employee—
(A) for enforcement; or
(B) in support of the homeland security missions and non-homeland security missions of the Coast Guard as defined in section 468 of title 6; 1
(3) if the information is used by a Federal employee or an employee of a Fishery Management Council for the administration of the Treaty or fishery management and monitoring;
(4) to the Administrator, in accordance with the requirements of the Treaty and this chapter;
(5) to the secretariat or equivalent of an international fisheries management organization of which the United States is a member, in accordance with the requirements or decisions of such organization, and insofar as possible, in accordance with an agreement that prevents public disclosure of the identity of any person that submits such information;
(6) if the Secretary has obtained written authorization from the person providing such information, and disclosure does not violate other requirements of this chapter; or
(7) in an aggregate or summary form that does not directly or indirectly disclose the identity of any person that submits such information.
(c) Savings clause
(1) Nothing in this section shall be construed to adversely affect the authority of Congress, including a Committee or Member thereof, to obtain any record or information.
(2) The absence of a provision similar to paragraph (1) in any other provision of law shall not be construed to limit the ability of the Senate or the House of Representatives, including a Committee or Member thereof, to obtain any record or information.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 12, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 599; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8420, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1917.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: Section 468 of title 6, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), was amended by Pub. L. 119–60, div. G, title LXXII, § 7201(j)(2), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1686, by transferring subsec. (a) of that section defining “non-homeland security missions” and “homeland security missions” to section 102(a) of Title 14, Coast Guard.
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Pub. L. 119–60 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to reporting requirements and the disclosure of information.
16 U.S.C. § 973k (CONSERVATION)
§ 973k. Closed Area stowage requirements
At all times while a vessel is in a Closed Area, the fishing gear of the vessel shall be stowed in such a manner as not to be readily available for fishing and in accordance with any requirements established by the Secretary.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 13, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 599; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8421, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1918.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Pub. L. 119–60 inserted “and in accordance with any requirements established by the Secretary” before period at end of first sentence and struck out at end “In particular, the boom shall be lowered as far as possible so that the vessel cannot be used for fishing, but so that the skiff is accessible for use in emergency situations; the helicopter, if any, shall be tied down; and launches shall be secured.”
16 U.S.C. § 973l (CONSERVATION)
§ 973l. Repealed. Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8422, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1918
text: Section, Pub. L. 100–330, § 14, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 599, required the crew of a vessel to allow and assist any observer identified under the Treaty by the Pacific Island Parties.
16 U.S.C. § 973m (CONSERVATION)
§ 973m. Fisheries-related assistance
The Secretary and the Secretary of State may provide assistance to a Pacific Island Party to benefit such Pacific Island Party from the development of fisheries resources and the operation of fishing vessels that are licensed pursuant to the Treaty, including—
(1) technical assistance;
(2) training and capacity building opportunities;
(3) facilitation of the implementation of private sector activities or partnerships; and
(4) other activities as determined appropriate by the Secretary and the Secretary of State.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 15, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8423, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1918.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Pub. L. 119–60 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The United States tuna industry shall provide $250,000 annually in technical assistance, including provision of assistance by technicians, in response to requests coordinated through the Administrator. The Secretary of State shall designate an entity to coordinate the provision of such technical assistance as provided by the United States tuna industry and to provide an annual report to the Secretary of State regarding the provision of such technical assistance.”
16 U.S.C. § 973n (CONSERVATION)
§ 973n. Arbitration
In the event of a dispute requiring the establishment of an arbitral tribunal under the Treaty, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary, shall appoint the arbitrator to be appointed by the United States under the Treaty, shall determine the location of the arbitration, and shall represent the United States in reaching agreement under the Treaty with each Pacific Island Party involved concerning the appointment of the presiding arbitrator of the tribunal.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 16, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8424, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1919.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Pub. L. 119–60 struck out “Article 6 of” after “arbitral tribunal under” and substituted “the Treaty, shall determine the location of the arbitration, and shall represent the United States in reaching agreement under the Treaty” for “paragraph 3 of that Article, and shall represent the United States in reaching agreement under such paragraph”.
16 U.S.C. § 973o (CONSERVATION)
§ 973o. Disposition of fees, penalties, forfeitures, and other moneys
To the extent required by the Treaty, an amount equivalent to the total value of any fine, penalty, or other amount collected as a result of any action, judicial or otherwise, taken pursuant to sections 973e and 973f of this title shall be paid by the United States through the Secretary of State to the Administrator as soon as reasonably possible following the date that such amount is collected.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 17, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8425, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1919.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Pub. L. 119–60 struck out “Article 4 of” after “extent required by”.
16 U.S.C. § 973p (CONSERVATION)
§ 973p. Additional agreements
The Secretary may establish procedures for review of any agreements for additional fishing access entered into pursuant to the Treaty.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 18, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8426, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1919.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 2025—Pub. L. 119–60 substituted “The Secretary may establish procedures for review of any agreements for additional fishing access entered into pursuant to the Treaty.” for “Within 30 days after the Secretary of State’s receipt of notice from a Pacific Island Party that it has concluded an arrangement pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 3 of the Treaty, the Secretary of State shall consult with the Secretary concerning whether the procedures of Article 4 and paragraph 6 of Article 5 of the Treaty should be made applicable to such arrangement. At the conclusion of the consultations the Pacific Island Party and all other persons agreeing to the arrangement shall be notified by the Secretary of State of the resulting decision.”
16 U.S.C. § 973q (CONSERVATION)
§ 973q. Secretary of State to act for United States
The Secretary of State is authorized to receive on behalf of the United States reports, requests, and other communications from the Administrator and to act thereon directly or by reference to the appropriate authorities. The Secretary of State, after consultations with the Secretary, may accept or reject, on behalf of the United States, changes or amendments to Annex I of the Treaty and its Schedules and Annex II to the Treaty and its Schedules.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 19, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 600.)
16 U.S.C. § 973r (CONSERVATION)
§ 973r. Authorization of appropriations
(a) There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 such sums as may be necessary for carrying out the purposes and provisions of the Treaty and this chapter including—
(1) for fiscal years 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, an amount not to exceed $350,000 annually to the Department of Commerce for administrative expenses; and
(2) for fiscal years 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, an amount not to exceed $50,000 annually to the Department of State for administrative expenses.
(b) Funds appropriated for the purposes of the Treaty may be used notwithstanding any of the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or of any appropriations Act that imposes restrictions on the maintenance or use of cash transfer assistance, which are inconsistent with the provisions of the Treaty.
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 20, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 601; Pub. L. 102–523, § 3(b), Oct. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 3433.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§ 2151 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of Title 22 and Tables.
heading: Amendments
text: 1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–523 substituted “1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002” for “1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992” in three places.