dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
12 U.S.C. § 1952 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1952. Reports on ownership and control
Where the Secretary determines that the making of appropriate reports by uninsured banks or uninsured institutions of any type with respect to their ownership, control, and managements and any changes therein has a high degree of usefulness in criminal, tax, or regulatory investigations or proceedings, he may by regulation require such banks or institutions to make such reports as he determines in respect of such ownership, control, and managements and changes therein.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 122, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1116.)
12 U.S.C. § 1954 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1954. Injunctions
Whenever it appears to the Secretary that any person has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts or practices constituting a violation of any regulation under this chapter, he may in his discretion bring an action, in the proper district court of the United States or the proper United States court of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, to enjoin such acts or practices, and upon a proper showing a permanent or temporary injunction or restraining order shall be granted without bond. Upon application of the Secretary, any such court may also issue mandatory injunctions commanding any person to comply with any regulation of the Secretary under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 124, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1117.)
12 U.S.C. § 1955 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1955. Civil penalties
(a) For each willful or grossly negligent violation of any regulation under this chapter, the Secretary may assess upon any person to which the regulation applies, or any person willfully causing a violation of the regulation, and, if such person is a partnership, corporation, or other entity, upon any partner, director, officer, or employee thereof who willfully or through gross negligence participates in the violation, a civil penalty not exceeding $10,000.
(b) In the event of the failure of any person to pay any penalty assessed under this section, a civil action for the recovery thereof may, in the discretion of the Secretary, be brought in the name of the United States.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 125, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6185(d)(3)(B), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4357; Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1535(c)(1), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4067.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550 inserted “or any person willfully causing a violation of the regulation,” after “applies,”.
1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–690 inserted “or grossly negligent” after “willful” and “or through gross negligence” after “willfully” and substituted “$10,000” for “$1,000”.
12 U.S.C. § 1956 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1956. Criminal penalty
Whoever willfully violates any regulation under this chapter shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 126, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1118.)
12 U.S.C. § 1957 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1957. Additional criminal penalty in certain cases
Whoever willfully violates, or willfully causes a violation of any regulation under this chapter, section 1829b of this title, or section 1730d 1 of this title, where the violation is committed in furtherance of the commission of any violation of Federal law punishable by imprisonment for more than one year, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 127, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 102–550, title XV, § 1535(c)(2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4067.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1730d of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363.
heading: Amendments
text: 1992—Pub. L. 102–550 inserted “, or willfully causes a violation of” after “Whoever willfully violates”.
12 U.S.C. § 1958 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1958. Compliance
The Secretary shall have the responsibility to assure compliance with the requirements of this chapter and sections 1730d 1 and 1829b of this title and may delegate such responsibility to the appropriate bank supervisory agency, or other supervisory agency.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 128, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1118.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1730d of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363.
12 U.S.C. § 1959 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1959. Administrative procedure
The administrative procedure and judicial review provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 and chapter 7 of title 5 shall apply to all proceedings under this chapter, section 1829b of this title, and section 1730d 1 of this title.
(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, § 129, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1118.)
heading: References in Text
text: Section 1730d of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title IV, § 407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363.
12 U.S.C. § 1971 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1971. Definitions
As used in this chapter, the terms “bank”, “bank holding company”, “subsidiary”, and “Board” have the meaning ascribed to such terms in section 1841 of this title. For purposes of this chapter only, the term “company”, as used in section 1841 of this title, means any person, estate, trust, partnership, corporation, association, or similar organization, but does not include any corporation the majority of the shares of which are owned by the United States or by any State. The term “trust service” means any service customarily performed by a bank trust department. For purposes of this chapter, a financial subsidiary of a national bank engaging in activities pursuant to section 24a(a) of this title shall be deemed to be a subsidiary of a bank holding company, and not a subsidiary of a bank.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1766; Pub. L. 106–102, title I, § 121(c), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1380.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–102 inserted at end “For purposes of this chapter, a financial subsidiary of a national bank engaging in activities pursuant to section 24a(a) of this title shall be deemed to be a subsidiary of a bank holding company, and not a subsidiary of a bank.”
heading: Effective Date of 1999 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 106–102 effective 120 days after Nov. 12, 1999, see section 161 of Pub. L. 106–102, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1973 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1973. Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; equitable proceedings; petition; expedition of cases; temporary restraining orders; bringing in additional parties; subpenas
The district courts of the United States have jurisdiction to prevent and restrain violations of section 1972 of this title and it is the duty of the United States attorneys, under the direction of the Attorney General, to institute proceedings in equity to prevent and restrain such violations. The proceedings may be by way of a petition setting forth the case and praying that the violation be enjoined or otherwise prohibited. When the parties complained of have been duly notified of the petition, the court shall proceed, as soon as possible, to the hearing and determination of the case. While the petition is pending, and before final decree, the court may at any time make such temporary restraining order or prohibition as it deems just. Whenever it appears to the court that the ends of justice require that other parties be brought before it, the court may cause them to be summoned whether or not they reside in the district in which the court is held, and subpenas to that end may be served in any district by the marshal thereof.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1767.)
12 U.S.C. § 1974 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1974. Actions by United States; subpenas for witnesses
In any action brought by or on behalf of the United States under section 1972 of this title, subpenas for witnesses may run into any district, but no writ of subpena may issue for witnesses living out of the district in which the court is held at a greater distance than one hundred miles from the place of holding the same without the prior permission of the trial court upon proper application and cause shown.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1767.)
12 U.S.C. § 1975 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1975. Civil actions by persons injured; jurisdiction and venue; amount of recovery
Any person who is injured in his business or property by reason of anything forbidden in section 1972 of this title may sue therefor in any district court of the United States in which the defendant resides or is found or has an agent, without regard to the amount in controversy, and shall be entitled to recover three times the amount of the damages sustained by him, and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorney’s fee.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(e), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1767.)
12 U.S.C. § 1976 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1976. Injunctive relief for persons against threatened loss or damages; equitable proceedings; preliminary injunctions
Any person may sue for and have injunctive relief, in any court of the United States having jurisdiction over the parties, against threatened loss or damage by reason of a violation of section 1972 of this title, under the same conditions and principles as injunctive relief against threatened conduct that will cause loss or damage is granted by courts of equity and under the rules governing such proceedings. Upon the execution of proper bond against damages for an injunction improvidently granted and a showing that the danger of irreparable loss or damage is immediate, a preliminary injunction may issue.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(f), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1767.)
12 U.S.C. § 1977 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1977. Limitation of actions; suspension of limitations
(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this section, any action to enforce any cause of action under this chapter shall be forever barred unless commenced within four years after the cause of action accrued.
(2) Whenever any enforcement action is instituted by or on behalf of the United States with respect to any matter which is or could be the subject of a private right of action under this chapter, the running of the statute of limitations in respect of every private right of action arising under this chapter and based in whole or in part on such matter shall be suspended during the pendency of the enforcement action so instituted and for one year thereafter: Provided, That whenever the running of the statute of limitations in respect of a cause of action arising under this chapter is suspended under this paragraph, any action to enforce such cause of action shall be forever barred unless commenced either within the period of suspension or within the four-year period referred to in paragraph (1) of this section.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(g), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1768.)
12 U.S.C. § 1978 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 1978. Actions under other Federal or State laws unaffected; regulations or orders barred as a defense
Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as affecting in any manner the right of the United States or any other party to bring an action under any other law of the United States or of any State, including any right which may exist in addition to specific statutory authority, challenging the legality of any act or practice which may be proscribed by this chapter. No regulation or order issued by the Board under this chapter shall in any manner constitute a defense to such action.
(Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 106(h), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1768.)
12 U.S.C. § 2012 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2012. Board of directors
Each Farm Credit Bank shall elect a board of directors of such number, for such term, in such manner, and with such qualifications, as may be required in its bylaws, except that, at least one member shall be elected by the other directors, which member shall not be a director, officer, employee, or stockholder of a System institution.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.4, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1622; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, § 401(c), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 995.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2012, Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.4, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 96–592, title I, § 101, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3437; Pub. L. 99–205, title II, § 205(d)(1), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1703; Pub. L. 100–233, title VII, § 705(a), title VIII, § 802(b), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1706, 1710; Pub. L. 100–399, title VI, § 604, Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1006, related to corporate existence and general corporate powers, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Pub. L. 100–399 struck out “from its voting stockholders” after “shall elect”.
heading: Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(b) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2014 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2014. Farm Credit Bank capitalization
In accordance with section 2154a of this title, the Farm Credit Banks shall provide, through bylaws and subject to Farm Credit Administration regulations, for the capitalization of the bank and the manner in which bank stock shall be issued, held, transferred, and retired and bank earnings distributed.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.6, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1624.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2014, Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.6, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 96–592, title I, § 103, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3438, related to real estate mortgage loans, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
12 U.S.C. § 2016 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2016. Interest rates and other charges
(a) In general
Loans and discounts made by a Farm Credit Bank shall bear such rate or rates of interest or discount, and be on such terms and conditions, as may be determined by the board of directors of the bank from time to time.
(b) Setting rates and charges
In setting rates and charges, it shall be the objective to provide the types of credit needed by eligible borrowers at the lowest reasonable costs on a sound business basis taking into consideration the cost of money to the bank, necessary reserve and expenses of the bank and associations, and providing services to members. The loan documents or discounting and financing agreements, may provide for the interest rate or rates to vary from time to time during the repayment period of the loan or agreement.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.8, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1626; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, § 401(g), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 996.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2016, Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.8, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 96–592, title I, § 105, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3438, related to eligibility, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
heading: Amendments
text: 1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–399 substituted “such rate or rates of interest or discount, and be” for “interest at a rate or rates, and”.
heading: Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(b) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2017 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2017. Eligibility
The credit and financial services authorized in this subchapter may be made available to persons who are or become stockholders or members of the bank or associations in the district, and who are—
(1) bona fide farmers, ranchers, or producers or harvesters of aquatic products;
(2) persons furnishing to farmers and ranchers farm-related services directly related to their on-farm operating needs; or
(3) owners of rural homes.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.9, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1626.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2017, Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.9, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 96–592, title I, § 106, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3438; Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 426, title VIII, § 802(d), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1657, 1710; Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, § 412, title VII, § 701, Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1004, 1006, related to security, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
12 U.S.C. § 2021 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2021. Loans through associations or agents
(a) In general
The Farm Credit Banks shall, except as otherwise herein provided, make loans of the type authorized under section 2015(a) of this title through a Federal land bank association chartered to serve the territory in which the real estate of the borrower is located.
(b) No active association
If there is no active association chartered to serve territory where the real estate is located, the bank may make the loan directly or through such bank or trust company or savings or other financial institution as such bank may designate.
(c) Purchase of stock required
When the loan is not made through a Federal land bank association, the applicant shall purchase stock in the bank in accordance with the capitalization requirements provided for in the bylaws of the bank.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.13, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1628.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1.13 of Pub. L. 92–181 was classified to section 2031 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
12 U.S.C. § 2022 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2022. Liens on stock
The Farm Credit Banks shall have a first lien on the stock or participation certificates it issues for the payment of any liability of the stockholders to the bank.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, § 1.14, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1629.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 1.14 of Pub. L. 92–181 was classified to section 2032 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
12 U.S.C. § 2072 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2072. Board of directors
Each production credit association shall elect from the voting members of such association, a board of directors of such number, for such terms, with such qualifications, and in such manner as may be required by the bylaws of the association, except that at least one member shall be elected by the other directors, which member shall not be a director, officer, employee, stockholder, or agent of a System institution.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title II, § 2.1, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1630; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, § 401(n), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 102–237, title V, § 502(c), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1868.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2072, Pub. L. 92–181, title II, § 2.1, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 96–592, title II, § 201, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3439; Pub. L. 99–205, title II, § 205(e)(1), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1704; Pub. L. 100–233, title VII, § 705(c), title VIII, §§ 802(i), 805(d), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1707, 1711, 1715; Pub. L. 100–399, title VI, § 604, title IX, § 901(b), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1006, 1007, related to corporate existence and general corporate powers, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
heading: Amendments
text: 1991—Pub. L. 102–237 substituted “stockholder, or agent” for “or stockholder”.
1988—Pub. L. 100–399 struck out the comma after “except that”.
heading: Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
text: Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(b) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2076 (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2076. Other services
Each production credit association may provide technical assistance to borrowers, applicants, and members and may make available to them at their option such financial related services appropriate to their on-farm and aquatic operations as is determined feasible by the board of directors of each Farm Credit Bank, under regulations prescribed by the Farm Credit Administration.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title II, § 2.5, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, § 401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1633.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2076, Pub. L. 92–181, title II, § 2.5, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 96–592, title II, § 205, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3442; Pub. L. 100–233, title III, § 305, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1621, related to services related to borrowers’ operations, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, § 401.
12 U.S.C. § 2076a (BANKS AND BANKING)
§ 2076a. Liens on stock
Except with regard to stock or participation certificates held by other Farm Credit System institutions, each production credit association shall have a first lien on stock and participation certificates the association issues, on allocated surplus, and on investments in equity reserve, for any indebtedness of the holder of the capital investments and, in the case of equity reserves, for charges for association losses in excess of reserves and surpluses.
(Pub. L. 92–181, title II, § 2.6, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, § 1833(2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3832.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 2.6 of Pub. L. 92–181 was renumbered section 2.7 and is classified to section 2077 of this title.
heading: Effective Date
text: Section effective Jan. 7, 1988, see section 1861(d) of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 2001 of Title 7, Agriculture.