dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
15 U.S.C. § 2931 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2931. Findings and purpose
(a) Findings
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Industrial, agricultural, and other human activities, coupled with an expanding world population, are contributing to processes of global change that may significantly alter the Earth habitat within a few human generations.
(2) Such human-induced changes, in conjunction with natural fluctuations, may lead to significant global warming and thus alter world climate patterns and increase global sea levels. Over the next century, these consequences could adversely affect world agricultural and marine production, coastal habitability, biological diversity, human health, and global economic and social well-being.
(3) The release of chlorofluorocarbons and other stratospheric ozone-depleting substances is rapidly reducing the ability of the atmosphere to screen out harmful ultraviolet radiation, which could adversely affect human health and ecological systems.
(4) Development of effective policies to abate, mitigate, and cope with global change will rely on greatly improved scientific understanding of global environmental processes and on our ability to distinguish human-induced from natural global change.
(5) New developments in interdisciplinary Earth sciences, global observing systems, and computing technology make possible significant advances in the scientific understanding and prediction of these global changes and their effects.
(6) Although significant Federal global change research efforts are underway, an effective Federal research program will require efficient interagency coordination, and coordination with the research activities of State, private, and international entities.
(b) Purpose
The purpose of this subchapter is to provide for development and coordination of a comprehensive and integrated United States research program which will assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title I, § 101, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3096.)
15 U.S.C. § 2933 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2933. United States Global Change Research Program
The President shall establish an interagency United States Global Change Research Program to improve understanding of global change. The Program shall be implemented by the Plan developed under section 2934 of this title.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title I, § 103, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3098.)
15 U.S.C. § 2935 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2935. Budget coordination
(a) Committee guidance
The Committee shall each year provide general guidance to each Federal agency or department participating in the Program with respect to the preparation of requests for appropriations for activities related to the Program.
(b) Submission of reports with agency appropriations requests
(1) Working in conjunction with the Committee, each Federal agency or department involved in global change research shall include with its annual request for appropriations submitted to the President under section 1108 of title 31 a report which—
(A) identifies each element of the proposed global change research activities of the agency or department;
(B) specifies whether each element (i) contributes directly to the Program or (ii) contributes indirectly but in important ways to the Program; and
(C) states the portion of its request for appropriations allocated to each element of the Program.
(2) Each agency or department that submits a report under paragraph (1) shall submit such report simultaneously to the Committee.
(c) Consideration in President’s budget
(1) The President shall, in a timely fashion, provide the Committee with an opportunity to review and comment on the budget estimate of each agency and department involved in global change research in the context of the Plan.
(2) The President shall identify in each annual budget submitted to the Congress under section 1105 of title 31 those items in each agency’s or department’s annual budget which are elements of the Program.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title I, § 105, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3100.)
15 U.S.C. § 2936 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2936. Scientific assessment
On a periodic basis (not less frequently than every 4 years), the Council, through the Committee, shall prepare and submit to the President and the Congress an assessment which—
(1) integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the Program and discusses the scientific uncertainties associated with such findings;
(2) analyzes the effects of global change on the natural environment, agriculture, energy production and use, land and water resources, transportation, human health and welfare, human social systems, and biological diversity; and
(3) analyzes current trends in global change, both human-inducted 1 and natural, and projects major trends for the subsequent 25 to 100 years.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title I, § 106, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3101.)
15 U.S.C. § 2937 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2937. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–606, title I, § 107, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3101, which required the Chairman of the Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology to submit an annual report to Congress on the activities conducted by the Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences pursuant to this subchapter, terminated effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 157 of House Document No. 103–7.
15 U.S.C. § 2938 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2938. Relation to other authorities
(a) National Climate Program research activities
The President, the Chairman of the Council, and the Secretary of Commerce shall ensure that relevant research activities of the National Climate Program, established by the National Climate Program Act (15 U.S.C. 2901 et seq.), are considered in developing national global change research efforts.
(b) Availability of research findings
The President, the Chairman of the Council, and the heads of the agencies and departments represented on the Committee, shall ensure that the research findings of the Committee, and of Federal agencies and departments, are available to—
(1) the Environmental Protection Agency for use in the formulation of a coordinated national policy on global climate change pursuant to section 1103 of the Global Climate Protection Act of 1987 (15 U.S.C. 2901 note); and
(2) all Federal agencies and departments for use in the formulation of coordinated national policies for responding to human-induced and natural processes of global change pursuant to other statutory responsibilities and obligations.
(c) Effect on Federal response actions
Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed, interpreted, or applied to preclude or delay the planning or implementation of any Federal action designed, in whole or in part, to address the threats of stratospheric ozone depletion or global climate change.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title I, § 108, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3101.)
heading: References in Text
text: The National Climate Program Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 95–367, Sept. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 601, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 56 (§ 2901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2901 of this title and Tables.
15 U.S.C. § 2951 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2951. Findings and purposes
(a) Findings
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Pooling of international resources and scientific capabilities will be essential to a successful international global change program.
(2) While international scientific planning is already underway, there is currently no comprehensive intergovernmental mechanism for planning, coordinating, or implementing research to understand global change and to mitigate possible adverse effects.
(3) An international global change research program will be important in building future consensus on methods for reducing global environmental degradation.
(4) The United States, as a world leader in environmental and Earth sciences, should help provide leadership in developing and implementing an international global change research program.
(b) Purposes
The purposes of this subchapter are to—
(1) promote international, intergovernmental cooperation on global change research;
(2) involve scientists and policymakers from developing nations in such cooperative global change research programs; and
(3) promote international efforts to provide technical and other assistance to developing nations which will facilitate improvements in their domestic standard of living while minimizing damage to the global or regional environment.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title II, § 202, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3102.)
15 U.S.C. § 2952 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2952. International discussions
(a) Global change research
The President should direct the Secretary of State, in cooperation with the Committee, to initiate discussions with other nations leading toward international protocols and other agreements to coordinate global change research activities. Such discussions should include the following issues:
(1) Allocation of costs in global change research programs, especially with respect to major capital projects.
(2) Coordination of global change research plans with those developed by international organizations such as the International Council on Scientific Unions, the World Meteorological Organization, and the United Nations Environment Program.
(3) Establishment of global change research centers and training programs for scientists, especially those from developing nations.
(4) Development of innovative methods for management of international global change research, including—
(A) use of new or existing intergovernmental organizations for the coordination or funding of global change research; and
(B) creation of a limited foundation for global change research.
(5) The prompt establishment of international projects to—
(A) create globally accessible formats for data collected by various international sources; and
(B) combine and interpret data from various sources to produce information readily usable by policymakers attempting to formulate effective strategies for preventing, mitigating, and adapting to possible adverse effects of global change.
(6) Establishment of international offices to disseminate information useful in identifying, preventing, mitigating, or adapting to the possible effects of global change.
(b) Energy research
The President should direct the Secretary of State (in cooperation with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representative, and other appropriate members of the Committee) to initiate discussions with other nations leading toward an international research protocol for cooperation on the development of energy technologies which have minimally adverse effects on the environment. Such discussions should include, but not be limited to, the following issues:
(1) Creation of an international cooperative program to fund research related to energy efficiency, solar and other renewable energy sources, and passively safe and diversion-resistant nuclear reactors.
(2) Creation of an international cooperative program to develop low cost energy technologies which are appropriate to the environmental, economic, and social needs of developing nations.
(3) Exchange of information concerning environmentally safe energy technologies and practices, including those described in paragraphs (1) and (2).
(Pub. L. 101–606, title II, § 203, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3102.)
15 U.S.C. § 2953 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2953. Global Change Research Information Office
Not more than 180 days after November 16, 1990, the President shall, in consultation with the Committee and all relevant Federal agencies, establish an Office of Global Change Research Information. The purpose of the Office shall be to disseminate to foreign governments, businesses, and institutions, as well as the citizens of foreign countries, scientific research information available in the United States which would be useful in preventing, mitigating, or adapting to the effects of global change. Such information shall include, but need not be limited to, results of scientific research and development on technologies useful for—
(1) reducing energy consumption through conservation and energy efficiency;
(2) promoting the use of solar and renewable energy sources which reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere;
(3) developing replacements for chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and other ozone-depleting substances which exhibit a significantly reduced potential for depleting stratospheric ozone;
(4) promoting the conservation of forest resources which help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere;
(5) assisting developing countries in ecological pest management practices and in the proper use of agricultural, and industrial chemicals; and
(6) promoting recycling and source reduction of pollutants in order to reduce the volume of waste which must be disposed of, thus decreasing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title II, § 204, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3103.)
15 U.S.C. § 2961 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 2961. Study and decision aid
(a) Study of consequences of community growth and development; decision aid to assist State and local authorities in managing development
The Secretary of Commerce shall conduct a study of the implications and potential consequences of growth and development on urban, suburban, and rural communities. Based upon the findings of the study, the Secretary shall produce a decision aid to assist State and local authorities in planning and managing urban, suburban, and rural growth and development while preserving community character.
(b) Consultation with appropriate Federal departments and agencies
The Secretary of Commerce shall consult with other appropriate Federal departments and agencies as necessary in carrying out this section.
(c) Report
The Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the Congress a report containing the decision aid produced under subsection (a) of this section no later than January 30, 1992. The Secretary shall notify appropriate State and local authorities that such decision aid is available on request.
(Pub. L. 101–606, title III, § 301, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3104.)
15 U.S.C. § 3001 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3001. Congressional findings and policy
(a) The Congress finds that—
(1) the States should have the primary responsibility for determining what forms of gambling may legally take place within their borders;
(2) the Federal Government should prevent interference by one State with the gambling policies of another, and should act to protect identifiable national interests; and
(3) in the limited area of interstate off-track wagering on horseraces, there is a need for Federal action to ensure States will continue to cooperate with one another in the acceptance of legal interstate wagers.
(b) It is the policy of the Congress in this chapter to regulate interstate commerce with respect to wagering on horseracing, in order to further the horseracing and legal off-track betting industries in the United States.
(Pub. L. 95–515, § 2, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1811.)
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 95–515, § 9, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1815, provided that:
“(a) The provisions of this Act [this chapter] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1978], and, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, shall apply to any interstate off-track wager accepted on or after such date of enactment.
“(b)
(1) The provisions of this Act [this chapter] shall not apply to any interstate off-track wager which is accepted pursuant to a contract existing on May 1, 1978.
“(2) The provisions of this Act shall not apply to any form of legal non-parimutuel off-track betting existing in a State on May 1, 1978.
“(3) The provisions of subsection (b) of section 5 of this Act [section 3004(b) of this title] shall not apply to any parimutuel off-track betting system existing on May 1, 1978, in a State which does not conduct parimutuel horseracing on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1978].”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 95–515, § 1, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1811, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Interstate Horseracing Act of 1978’.”
15 U.S.C. § 3005 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3005. Liability and damages
Any person accepting any interstate off-track wager in violation of this chapter shall be civilly liable for damages to the host State, the host racing association and the horsemen’s group. Damages for each violation shall be based on the total of off-track wagers as follows:
(1) If the interstate off-track wager was of a type accepted at the host racing association, damages shall be in an amount equal to that portion of the takeout which would have been distributed to the host State, host racing association and the horsemen’s group, as if each such interstate off-track wager had been placed at the host racing association.
(2) If such interstate off-track wager was of a type not accepted at the host racing association, the amount of damages shall be determined at the rate of takeout prevailing at the off-track betting system for that type of wager and shall be distributed according to the same formulas as in paragraph (1) above.
(Pub. L. 95–515, § 6, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1814.)
15 U.S.C. § 3006 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3006. Civil action
(a) Parties; remedies
The host State, the host racing association, or the horsemen’s group may commence a civil action against any person alleged to be in violation of this chapter, for injunctive relief to restrain violations and for damages in accordance with section 3005 of this title.
(b) Intervention
In any civil action under this section, the host State, the host racing association and horsemen’s group, if not a party, shall be permitted to intervene as a matter of right.
(c) Limitations
A civil action may not be commenced pursuant to this section more than 3 years after the discovery of the alleged violation upon which such civil action is based.
(d) State as defendant
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to permit a State to be sued under this section other than in accordance with its applicable laws.
(Pub. L. 95–515, § 7, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1814.)
15 U.S.C. § 3007 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3007. Jurisdiction and venue
(a) District court jurisdiction
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction over any civil action under this chapter, without regard to the citizenship of the parties or the amount in controversy.
(b) Venue; service of process
A civil action under this chapter may be brought in any district court of the United States for a district located in the host State or the off-track State, and all process in any such civil action may be served in any judicial district of the United States.
(c) Concurrent State court jurisdiction
The jurisdiction of the district courts of the United States pursuant to this section shall be concurrent with that of any State court of competent jurisdiction located in the host State or the off-track State.
(Pub. L. 95–515, § 8, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1814.)
15 U.S.C. § 3102 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3102. Report to Congressional committees
Not later than one year after October 27, 1978, the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives each shall conduct a study and submit a report, including findings and recommendations, to the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate and the Committee on Rules of the House, respectively, on the subject of establishing a full employment goal in connection with the provisions of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 95–523, § 3, Oct. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 1889; S. Res. 30, Mar. 7, 1979.)
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 95–523, Oct. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 1887, known as the Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978, which enacted this chapter and sections 1022a to 1022f of this title, amended sections 1021, 1022, and 1023 of this title, sections 632 and 636 of Title 2, The Congress, and section 225a of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1021 and 3101 of this title and section 225a of Title 12. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables.
heading: Change of Name
text: Committee on Labor and Human Resources of Senate changed to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of Senate by Senate Resolution No. 20, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 19, 1999. Previously, Committee on Human Resources of the Senate changed to Committee on Labor and Human Resources effective Mar. 7, 1979, by Senate Resolution No. 30, 96th Congress. See, also, Rule XXV of Standing Rules of the Senate adopted Nov. 14, 1979.
Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
15 U.S.C. § 3103 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3103. National Employment Conference
(a) Organization and implementation
A National Employment Conference may be convened in the District of Columbia within a reasonable period of time after October 27, 1978. Responsibility for the organization and implementation of this conference shall rest with the President or the appropriate department or agency of the Federal Government, and the conference shall bring together leaders of small and larger business, labor, government, and all other interested parties.
(b) Subject matter
The subject of the conference shall be employment, with particular attention to structural unemployment and the plight of disadvantaged youth. The conference shall also focus on issues such as implementation of adequate and effective incentives for private sector employers to hire the hard-core unemployed. Special attention shall be given to the creation of jobs through the use of targeted employment tax credits, wage vouchers, and other incentives to private sector businesses.
(Pub. L. 95–523, § 4, Oct. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 1889.)
15 U.S.C. § 3111 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 3111. Congressional statement of purpose
The Congress recognizes that general economic policies alone have been unable to achieve the goals set forth in this chapter related to full employment, production, and real income, balanced growth, adequate growth in productivity, proper attention to national priorities, achievement of an improved trade balance through increased exports and improvement in the international competitiveness of agriculture, business, and industry, and achievement of reasonable price stability as provided for in section 1022b(b) of this title. It is, therefore, the purpose of this subchapter to require the President to initiate, as the President deems appropriate, with recommendations to the Congress where necessary, supplementary programs and policies to the extent that the President finds such action necessary to help achieve these goals, including the goals and timetable for the reduction of unemployment. Insofar as feasible without undue delay, any policies and programs so recommended shall be included in the Economic Report.
(Pub. L. 95–523, title II, § 201, Oct. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 1899.)
heading: References in Text
text: For definition of “this chapter”, referred to in text, see References in Text note set out under section 3102 of this title.