dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
15 U.S.C. § 5307 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5307. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out this chapter $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997, to be derived from such sums as are otherwise authorized under section 13451(e) of title 42.
(Pub. L. 101–425, § 8, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 919; Pub. L. 102–486, title XXI, § 2106(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3070.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1992—Pub. L. 102–486 substituted “1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997, to be derived from such sums as are otherwise authorized under section 13451(e) of title 42” for “and 1993”.
15 U.S.C. § 5308 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5308. Protection of proprietary rights
(a) Proprietary rights
No trade secrets or commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential, under the meaning of section 552(b)(4) of title 5, which is obtained from a company as a result of activities under this chapter shall be disclosed.
(b) Commercial information
The Secretary, for a period of up to 5 years after the development of information that—
(1) results from research and development activities conducted under this chapter; and
(2) would be a trade secret or commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential, under the meaning of section 552(b)(4) of title 5, if the information had been obtained from a company,
may provide appropriate protection against the dissemination of such information, including exemption from subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5.
(c) Patent rights
With respect to patent rights, the Institutes shall be treated in the same manner as are nonprofit organizations and small business firms under chapter 18 of title 35, notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in that chapter.
(Pub. L. 101–425, § 9, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 919.)
15 U.S.C. § 5309 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5309. Omitted
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–425, § 10, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 919, which required, at the time the President’s annual budget request for the Department is submitted, that the Secretary provide to Congress a detailed review of the progress of the research and development activities authorized under this chapter, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 84 of House Document No. 103–7.
15 U.S.C. § 5401 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5401. Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) the United States fastener industry is a significant contributor to the global economy, employing thousands of workers in hundreds of communities;
(2) the American economy uses billions of fasteners each year;
(3) state-of-the-art manufacturing and improved quality assurance systems have dramatically improved fastener quality, so virtually all fasteners sold in commerce meet or exceed the consensus standards for the uses to which they are applied;
(4) a small number of mismarked, misrepresented, and counterfeit fasteners do enter commerce in the United States; and
(5) multiple criteria for the identification of fasteners exist, including grade identification markings and manufacturer’s insignia, to enable purchasers and users of fasteners to accurately evaluate the characteristics of individual fasteners.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 2, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2943; Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(a), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 780; Pub. L. 106–34, § 2, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 118.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–34 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) and (b) stating findings of Congress and purpose of this chapter.
1996—Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(a)(1), redesignated pars. (5) to (7) as (4) to (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “the sale in commerce of nonconforming fasteners and the use of nonconforming fasteners in numerous critical applications have reduced the combat readiness of the Nation’s military forces, endangered the safety of other Federal projects and activities, and cost both the public and private sectors large sums in connection with the retesting and purging of fastener inventories;”.
Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(a)(2), struck out “by lot number” after “traceability”.
Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(a)(1), redesignated par. (8) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (6).
Subsec. (a)(8), (9). Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(a)(1), redesignated par. (9) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (7).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(a)(3), substituted “in commerce” for “used in critical applications”.
heading: Short Title of 1999 Amendment
text: Pub. L. 106–34, § 1, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 118, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 5403, 5411a, and 5411b of this title, amending this section and sections 5402 and 5407 to 5411 of this title, repealing sections 5404 to 5406, 5412, and 5414 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5402 and 5403 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Fastener Quality Act Amendments Act of 1999’.”
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 101–592, § 1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2943, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Fastener Quality Act’.”
15 U.S.C. § 5403 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5403. Sale of fasteners
(a) General rule
It shall be unlawful for a manufacturer or distributor, in conjunction with the sale or offer for sale of fasteners from a single lot, to knowingly misrepresent or falsify—
(1) the record of conformance for the lot of fasteners;
(2) the identification, characteristics, properties, mechanical or performance marks, chemistry, or strength of the lot of fasteners; or
(3) the manufacturer’s insignia.
(b) Representations
A direct or indirect reference to a consensus standard to represent that a fastener conforms to particular requirements of the consensus standard shall not be construed as a representation that the fastener meets all the requirements of the consensus standard.
(c) Specifications
A direct or indirect contractual reference to a consensus standard for the purpose of identifying particular requirements of the consensus standard that serve as specifications shall not be construed to require that the fastener meet all the requirements of the consensus standard.
(d) Use of accredited laboratories
In the case of fasteners manufactured solely to a consensus standard or standards, end-of-line testing required by the consensus standard or standards, if any, for the purpose of verifying that a lot of fasteners conforms with the grade identification marking called for in the consensus standard or standards to which the lot of fasteners has been manufactured shall be conducted by an accredited laboratory.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 4, as added Pub. L. 106–34, § 4(a), June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 121.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 5403, Pub. L. 101–592, § 4, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2945, set out special rule under which Secretary could waive requirements of this chapter on determination that category of fasteners was not used in critical applications, but that Secretary could also determine in given case that fastener was used in critical applications and was governed accordingly, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(c), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 780.
heading: Effective Date
text: Pub. L. 106–34, § 4(b), June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 122, provided that: “Subsection (d) of section 4 of the Fastener Quality Act [15 U.S.C. § 5403(d)], as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall take effect 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 8, 1999].”
15 U.S.C. § 5404 to 5406 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§§ 5404 to 5406. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–34, § 4(a), June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 121
text: Section 5404, Pub. L. 101–592, § 5, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2945; Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(d), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 780, required testing and certification of fasteners.
text: Section 5405, Pub. L. 101–592, § 6, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2947; Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(e), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 781, provided for laboratory accreditation.
text: Section 5406, Pub. L. 101–592, § 7, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2948; Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(f), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 781, related to sale of domestic and imported fasteners subsequent to manufacture.
15 U.S.C. § 5407 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5407. Manufacturers’ insignias
(a) General rule
Unless the specifications provide otherwise, fasteners that are required by the applicable consensus standard or standards to bear an insignia identifying their manufacturer shall not be offered for sale or sold in commerce unless—
(1) the fasteners bear such insignia; and
(2) the manufacturer has complied with the insignia recordation requirements established under subsection (b) of this section.
(b) Recordation
The Secretary shall establish, by regulation, a program to provide for the recordation of the insignias of manufacturers described in subsection (a) of this section.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 5, formerly § 8, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2950; renumbered § 5 and amended Pub. L. 106–34, § 5, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 122.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 5 of Pub. L. 101–592 was classified to section 5404 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–34.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–34, § 5(1), reenacted subsec. heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “No fastener which is required by the standards and specifications to which it was manufactured to bear a raised or depressed insignia identifying its manufacturer or private label distributor shall be offered for sale or sold in commerce unless the manufacturer or private label distributor of such fastener has complied with the requirements prescribed by the Secretary in connection with the program established under subsection (b) of this section.”
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–34, § 5(2), substituted “described in subsection (a) of this section” for “and private label distributors described in subsection (a) of this section, to ensure the traceability of a fastener to its manufacturer or private label distributor”.
15 U.S.C. § 5409 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5409. Recordkeeping requirements
Manufacturers and importers shall retain the record of conformance for fasteners for 5 years, on paper or in photographic or electronic format in a manner that allows for verification of authenticity. Upon request of a distributor who has purchased a fastener, or a person who has purchased a fastener for use in the production of a commercial product, the manufacturer or importer of the fastener shall make available information in the record of conformance to the requester.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 7, formerly § 10, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2951; Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(h), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 782; renumbered § 7 and amended Pub. L. 106–34, § 7, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 123.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 7 of Pub. L. 101–592 was classified to section 5406 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–34.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–34 substituted present provisions for former provisions which consisted of subsecs. (a) and (b) relating to retention and availability of records concerning inspections, testing, and certifications of fasteners under section 5404 of this title by laboratories, manufacturers, importers, private label distributors and persons who make significant alterations.
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(h)(1), substituted “5 years” for “10 years”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(h), substituted “5 years” for “10 years” and “the subsequent purchaser” for “any subsequent purchaser”.
15 U.S.C. § 5410 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5410. Relationship to State laws
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to preempt any rights or causes of action that any buyer may have with respect to any seller of fasteners under the law of any State, except to the extent that the provisions of this chapter are in conflict with such State law.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 8, formerly § 11, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2952; renumbered § 8, Pub. L. 106–34, § 8, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 123.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 8 of Pub. L. 101–592 was renumbered section 5 and is classified to section 5407 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 5411 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5411. Construction
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect the authority of any consensus standards organization to establish, modify, or withdraw any standards and specifications under any other law or authority.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 9, formerly § 12, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2952; renumbered § 9 and amended Pub. L. 106–34, § 9, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 123.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 9 of Pub. L. 101–592 was renumbered section 6 and is classified to section 5408 of this title.
heading: Amendments
text: 1999—Pub. L. 106–34 struck out “in effect on November 16, 1990” after “law or authority”.
15 U.S.C. § 5411b (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5411b. Applicability
The requirements of this chapter shall be applicable only to fasteners fabricated 180 days or more after June 8, 1999, except that if a manufacturer or distributor of fasteners fabricated before June 8, 1999, prepares a record of conformance for such fasteners, representations about such fasteners shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 101–592, § 11, as added Pub. L. 106–34, § 11, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 124.)
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 11 of Pub. L. 101–592 was renumbered section 8 and is classified to section 5410 of this title.
15 U.S.C. § 5412 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5412. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–34, § 10, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 123
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–592, § 13, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2952; Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(i), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 782, required the Secretary to issue regulations necessary to implement chapter.
15 U.S.C. § 5413 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5413. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–113, § 11(j), Mar. 7, 1996, 110 Stat. 782
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–592, § 14, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2952, related to appointment of an advisory committee to be available for consultation with Secretary on matters related to fasteners.
15 U.S.C. § 5414 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5414. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–34, § 10, June 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 123
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–592, § 15, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2952; Pub. L. 105–234, § 1, Aug. 14, 1998, 112 Stat. 1536, related to applicability of this chapter.
15 U.S.C. § 5502 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5502. Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are to help ensure the continued leadership of the United States in high-performance computing and its applications by—
(1) expanding Federal support for research, development, and application of high-performance computing in order to—
(A) expand the number of researchers, educators, and students with training in high-performance computing and access to high-performance computing resources;
(B) promote the further development of an information infrastructure of data bases, services, access mechanisms, and research facilities available for use through the Internet;
(C) stimulate research on software technology;
(D) promote the more rapid development and wider distribution of computing software tools and applications software;
(E) accelerate the development of computing systems and subsystems;
(F) provide for the application of high-performance computing to Grand Challenges;
(G) invest in basic research and education, and promote the inclusion of high-performance computing into educational institutions at all levels; and
(H) promote greater collaboration among government, Federal laboratories, industry, high-performance computing centers, and universities;
(2) improving the interagency planning and coordination of Federal research and development on high-performance computing and maximizing the effectiveness of the Federal Government’s high-performance computing network research and development programs;
(3) promoting the more rapid development and wider distribution of networking management and development tools; and
(4) promoting the rapid adoption of open network standards.
(Pub. L. 102–194, § 3, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1594; Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2920.)
heading: Amendments
text: 1998—Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(1), substituted “Purposes” for “Purpose” as section catchline.
Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(2), substituted “purposes of this chapter are” for “purpose of this chapter is” in introductory provisions.
Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “establish a high-capacity and high-speed National Research and Education Network;”.
Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(3), (4), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and substituted “Internet” for “Network”. Former subpar. (B) redesignated (A).
Par. (1)(C) to (I). Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(3), (5), redesignated subpars. (D) to (I) as (C) to (H), respectively, and struck out “and” at end of par. (H).
Par. (2). Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(6), substituted “network research and development programs;” for “efforts.”
Pars. (3), (4). Pub. L. 105–305, § 3(b)(7), added pars. (3) and (4).
15 U.S.C. § 5503 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5503. Definitions
As used in this chapter, the term—
(1) “Director” means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(2) “Grand Challenge” means a fundamental problem in science or engineering, with broad economic and scientific impact, whose solution will require the application of high-performance computing resources and multidisciplinary teams of researchers;
(3) “high-performance computing” means advanced computing, communications, and information technologies, including supercomputer systems, high-capacity and high-speed networks, special purpose and experimental systems, applications and systems software, and the management of large data sets;
(4) “Internet” means the international computer network of both Federal and non-Federal interoperable data networks;
(5) “Network” means a computer network referred to as the National Research and Education Network established under section 5512 of this title;
(6) “Program” means the National High-Performance Computing Program described in section 5511 of this title; and
(7) “Program Component Areas” means the major subject areas under which related individual projects and activities carried out under the Program are grouped.
(Pub. L. 102–194, § 4, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1595; Pub. L. 105–305, § 7(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2924; Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7024(a)(2), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 689.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2007—Par. (2). Pub. L. 110–69, § 7024(a)(2)(A), inserted “and multidisciplinary teams of researchers” after “high-performance computing resources”.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 110–69, § 7024(a)(2)(B), struck out “scientific workstations,” after “technologies, including” and “(including vector supercomputers and large scale parallel systems)” after “supercomputer systems”, substituted “applications” for “and applications”, and inserted “, and the management of large data sets” after “systems software”.
Par. (4). Pub. L. 110–69, § 7024(a)(2)(C), struck out “packet switched” before “data networks”.
Par. (7). Pub. L. 110–69, § 7024(a)(2)(D)–(F), added par. (7).
1998—Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 105–305 added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.
15 U.S.C. § 5521 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5521. National Science Foundation activities
(a) General responsibilities
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter—
(1) the National Science Foundation shall provide computing and networking infrastructure support for all science and engineering disciplines, and support basic research and human resource development in all aspects of high-performance computing and advanced high-speed computer networking;
(2) to the extent that colleges, universities, and libraries cannot connect to the Network with the assistance of the private sector, the National Science Foundation shall have primary responsibility for assisting colleges, universities, and libraries to connect to the Network;
(3) the National Science Foundation shall serve as the primary source of information on access to and use of the Network; and
(4) the National Science Foundation shall upgrade the National Science Foundation funded network, assist regional networks to upgrade their capabilities, and provide other Federal departments and agencies the opportunity to connect to the National Science Foundation funded network.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation for the purposes of the Program $213,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $262,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; $305,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $354,000,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $413,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, § 201, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1599.)
15 U.S.C. § 5522 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5522. National Aeronautics and Space Administration activities
(a) General responsibilities
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall conduct basic and applied research in high-performance computing, particularly in the field of computational science, with emphasis on aerospace sciences, earth and space sciences, and remote exploration and experimentation.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the purposes of the Program $72,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $107,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; $134,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $151,000,000 for fiscal year 1995; and $145,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, § 202, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1600.)
15 U.S.C. § 5523 (COMMERCE AND TRADE)
§ 5523. Department of Energy activities
(a) General responsibilities
As part of the Program described in subchapter I of this chapter, the Secretary of Energy shall—
(1) conduct and support basic and applied research in high-performance computing and networking to support fundamental research in science and engineering disciplines related to energy applications; and
(2) provide computing and networking infrastructure support, including—
(A) the provision of high-performance computing systems that are among the most advanced in the world in terms of performance in solving scientific and engineering problems; and
(B) support for advanced software and applications development for science and engineering disciplines related to energy applications.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 102–194, title II, § 203, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1600; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1052(j), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 719; Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 976(b), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903.)
heading: Amendments
text: 2005—Pub. L. 109–58 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to general responsibilities and authorization of appropriations for provisions relating to general responsibilities, establishment of High-Performance Computing Research and Development Collaborative Consortia, transfer of technology to private sector and others, reports on activities, and authorization of appropriations.
1995—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–66 amended heading and text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Within one year after December 9, 1991, and every year thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall transmit to the Congress a report on activities taken to carry out this chapter.”