dreamproit/uscode huggingface dataset:
16 U.S.C. § 2443 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2443. Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of this chapter, including, but not limited to—
(1) necessary travel expenses of the United States representatives referred to in section 2433 of this title, alternate United States representatives, and authorized advisers and experts, in accordance with sections 5701 through 5708, 5731, and 5733 of title 5 and the regulations issued under those sections;
(2) the United States contribution to the budget of the Commission as provided in article XIX of the Convention; and
(3) the directed research program and the furnishing of facilities and personnel to the Commission referred to in section 2441 of this title.
(Pub. L. 98–623, title III, § 314, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3406.)
16 U.S.C. § 2444 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2444. Severability
If any provision of this chapter or the application of this chapter to any person or circumstance is held invalid, neither the remainder of this chapter nor the application of that provision to other persons or circumstances shall be affected thereby.
(Pub. L. 98–623, title III, § 315, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3407.)
16 U.S.C. § 2462 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2462. Definitions
For the purposes of this chapter:
(1) The term “Antarctica” means the area south of the Antarctic Convergence as defined in section 2432(1) of this title.
(2) The term “Antarctic mineral resource activity” means prospecting, exploration, or development in Antarctica of mineral resources, but does not include scientific research within the meaning of article III of the Antarctic Treaty, done at Washington on December 1, 1959.
(3) The term “development” means any activity, including logistic support, which takes place following exploration, the purpose of which is the exploitation of specific mineral resource deposits, including processing, storage, and transport activities.
(4) The term “exploration” means any activity, including logistic support, the purpose of which is the identification or evaluation of specific mineral resource deposits. The term includes exploratory drilling, dredging, and other surface or subsurface excavations required to determine the nature and size of mineral resource deposits and the feasibility of their development.
(5) The term “mineral resources” means all nonliving natural nonrenewable resources, including fossil fuels, minerals, whether metallic or nonmetallic, but does not include ice, water, or snow.
(6) The term “person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, association, or any other entity existing or organized under the laws of the United States, or any officer, employee, agent, department, or other instrumentality of the Federal Government or of any State or political subdivision thereof.
(7) The term “prospecting” means any activity, including logistic support, the purpose of which is the identification of mineral resource potential for possible exploration and development.
(8) The term “Under Secretary” means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
(Pub. L. 101–594, § 3, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2976.)
16 U.S.C. § 2463 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2463. Prohibition of Antarctic mineral resource activities
It is unlawful for any person to engage in, finance, or otherwise knowingly provide assistance to any Antarctic mineral resource activity.
(Pub. L. 101–594, § 4, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2977; Pub. L. 104–227, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3044.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Amendments
text: 1996—Pub. L. 104–227 substituted “It” for “Pending a new agreement among the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties in force for the United States, to which the Senate has given advice and consent or which is authorized by further legislation by the Congress, which provides an indefinite ban on Antarctic mineral resource activities, it”.
16 U.S.C. § 2464 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2464. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–227, title II, § 202(b), Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3044
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–594, § 5, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2977, declared the sense of Congress that Secretary of State should negotiate international agreements relating to protection of Antarctic environment and that any such international agreement be consistent with purpose and provisions of this chapter.
16 U.S.C. § 2465 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2465. Enforcement
(a) In general
A violation of this chapter or any regulation promulgated under this chapter is deemed to be a violation of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention Act (16 U.S.C. 2431–2444) and shall be enforced under that Act by the Under Secretary or another Federal official to whom the Under Secretary has delegated this responsibility.
(b) Penalty
If the Under Secretary determines that a person has violated section 2463 of this title—
(1) that person shall be ineligible to locate a mining claim under the mining laws of the United States; and
(2) the Secretary of the Interior shall refuse to issue a patent under the mining laws of the United States, or a lease under the laws of the United States related to mineral or geothermal leasing, to any such person who attempts to perfect such patent or lease application after the Under Secretary has made such determination.
(Pub. L. 101–594, § 5, formerly § 6, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2977; renumbered § 5, Pub. L. 104–227, title II, § 202(c), Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3044.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: The Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention Act, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention Act of 1984, title III of Pub. L. 98–623, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3398, which is classified generally to chapter 44A (§ 2431 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2431 of this title and Tables.
heading: Prior Provisions
text: A prior section 5 of Pub. L. 101–594 was classified to section 2464 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–227.
16 U.S.C. § 2466 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2466. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–227, title II, § 202(b), Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3044
text: Section, Pub. L. 101–594, § 7, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2978, authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1991 and 1992 to carry out this chapter.
16 U.S.C. § 2501 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2501. Omitted
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1002, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3538, which related to congressional findings, was omitted from the Code following the enactment of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs, by Pub. L. 113–287.
16 U.S.C. § 2502 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2502. Transferred
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: Codification
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1003, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3539; Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §§ 31501, 31505(b), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1888, 1890, which related to congressional statement of purpose regarding establishment of urban park and recreation recovery program, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 200501 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2503 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2503. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1004, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3539; Pub. L. 103–322, title III, § 31502, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1888, provided definitions for this chapter. See section 200501 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2504 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2504. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1005, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3540; Pub. L. 103–322, title III, § 31503, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1889, related to Federal assistance grants. See section 200502 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2505 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2505. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1006, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3541, related to rehabilitation and innovation grants. See section 200503 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2506 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2506. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1007, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3541; Pub. L. 103–322, title III, § 31504, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1889, related to local commitments to system recovery and maintenance. See section 200504 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2507 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2507. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1008, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3542, related to State action incentive; Federal implementation grants, increase. See section 200505 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2508 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2508. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1009, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3543, related to matching requirements; non-Federal share of project costs. See section 200506 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2509 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2509. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1010, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3543, related to conversion of recreation property. See section 200507 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2510 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2510. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1011, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3543, related to coordination of program. See section 200508 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2511 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2511. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1012, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3543, related to recordkeeping, audit and examination, and access to books and records. See section 200509 of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2512 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2512. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1013, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3544; Pub. L. 98–454, title VI, § 601(a), Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1736; Pub. L. 103–322, title III, § 31505(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1889, related to authorization of appropriations. See sections 200510 and 200511(a) to (d) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2513 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2513. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1014, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3544, related to limitation of use of funds. See section 200511(e) of Title 54, National Park Service and Related Programs.
16 U.S.C. § 2514 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2514. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–287, § 7, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272
text: Section, Pub. L. 95–625, title X, § 1015, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3544; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(d)(1)(M), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4196, related to sunset and reporting provisions.
16 U.S.C. § 2601 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2601. Findings
The Congress finds that the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare, the preservation of national security, and the proper exercise of congressional authority under the Constitution to regulate interstate commerce require—
(1) a program providing for increased conservation of electric energy, increased efficiency in the use of facilities and resources by electric utilities, and equitable retail rates for electric consumers,
(2) a program to improve the wholesale distribution of electric energy, the reliability of electric service, the procedures concerning consideration of wholesale rate applications before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the participation of the public in matters before the Commission, and to provide other measures with respect to the regulation of the wholesale sale of electric energy,
(3) a program to provide for the expeditious development of hydroelectric potential at existing small dams to provide needed hydroelectric power,
(4) a program for the conservation of natural gas while insuring that rates to natural gas consumers are equitable,
(5) a program to encourage the development of crude oil transportation systems, and
(6) the establishment of certain other authorities as provided in title VI of this Act.
(Pub. L. 95–617, § 2, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3119.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in par. (6), is Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3117, known as the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978. Title VI of this Act enacted sections 824a–4 and 2645 of this title, section 918c of Title 7, Agriculture, and sections 717x to 717z of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amended section 717f of Title 15 and sections 1311, 1312, and 1314 to 1316 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 2621 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of title I of Pub. L. 95–617 which comprises this chapter.
heading: Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
heading: Short Title
text: Pub. L. 95–617, § 1, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3117, provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter, and sections 823a, 824a–1 to 824a–4, 824i to 824k, 825q–1, and 2701 to 2708 of this title, section 918c of Title 7, Agriculture, sections 717x to 717z and 3201 to 3211 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 6808 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 2001 to 2012 of Title 43, Public Lands, amending sections 796, 824, 824a, 824d, and 825d of this title, section 717f of Title 15, sections 1311, 1312, and 1314 to 1316 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and sections 6801 to 6807 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 824, 824a, 824d, 825d, and 2621 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978’.”
16 U.S.C. § 2603 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2603. Relationship to antitrust laws
Nothing in this Act or in any amendment made by this Act affects—
(1) the applicability of the antitrust laws to any electric utility or gas utility (as defined in section 3202 of title 15), or
(2) any authority of the Secretary or of the Commission under any other provision of law (including the Federal Power Act [16 U.S.C. 791a et seq.] and the Natural Gas Act [15 U.S.C. 717 et seq.]) respecting unfair methods of competition or anticompetitive acts or practices.
(Pub. L. 95–617, § 4, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This Act, referred to in text, is act Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3117, known as the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2601 of this title and Tables.
The Federal Power Act, referred to in par. (2), is act June 10, 1920, ch. 285, 41 Stat. 1063, which is classified generally to chapter 12 (§ 791a et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 791a of this title and Tables.
The Natural Gas Act, referred to in par. (2), is act June 21, 1938, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821, which is classified generally to chapter 15B (§ 717 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 717w of Title 15 and Tables.
heading: Codification
text: This section was not enacted as part of title I of Pub. L. 95–617 which comprises this chapter.
16 U.S.C. § 2611 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2611. Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are to encourage—
(1) conservation of energy supplied by electric utilities;
(2) the optimization of the efficiency of use of facilities and resources by electric utilities; and
(3) equitable rates to electric consumers.
(Pub. L. 95–617, title I, § 101, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title I (§ 101 et seq.) of Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120, which enacted subchapters I to IV of this chapter and section 6808 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amended sections 6802 to 6807 of Title 42. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.
16 U.S.C. § 2612 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2612. Coverage
(a) Volume of total retail sales
This chapter applies to each electric utility in any calendar year, and to each proceeding relating to each electric utility in such year, if the total sales of electric energy by such utility for purposes other than resale exceeded 500 million kilowatt-hours during any calendar year beginning after December 31, 1975, and before the immediately preceding calendar year.
(b) Exclusion of wholesale sales
The requirements of this chapter do not apply to the operations of an electric utility, or to proceedings respecting such operations, to the extent that such operations or proceedings relate to sales of electric energy for purposes of resale.
(c) List of covered utilities
Before the beginning of each calendar year, the Secretary shall publish a list identifying each electric utility to which this chapter applies during such calendar year. Promptly after publication of such list each State regulatory authority shall notify the Secretary of each electric utility on the list for which such State regulatory authority has ratemaking authority.
(Pub. L. 95–617, title I, § 102, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3121.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title I (§ 101 et seq.) of Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120, which enacted subchapters I to IV of this chapter and section 6808 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amended sections 6802 to 6807 of Title 42. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.
16 U.S.C. § 2613 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2613. Federal contracts
Notwithstanding the limitation contained in section 2612(b) of this title, no contract between a Federal agency and any electric utility for the sale of electric energy by such Federal agency for resale which is entered into or renewed after November 9, 1978, may contain any provision which will have the effect of preventing the implementation of any requirement of subchapter II or III. Any provision in any such contract which has such effect shall be null and void.
(Pub. L. 95–617, title I, § 103, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3121.)
16 U.S.C. § 2624 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2624. Lifeline rates
(a) Lower rates
No provision of this chapter prohibits a State regulatory authority (with respect to an electric utility for which it has ratemaking authority) or a nonregulated electric utility from fixing, approving, or allowing to go into effect a rate for essential needs (as defined by the State regulatory authority or by the nonregulated electric utility, as the case may be) of residential electric consumers which is lower than a rate under the standard referred to in section 2621(d)(1) of this title.
(b) Determination
If any State regulated electric utility or nonregulated electric utility does not have a lower rate as described in subsection (a) in effect two years after November 9, 1978, the State regulatory authority having ratemaking authority with respect to such State regulated electric utility or the nonregulated electric utility, as the case may be, shall determine, after an evidentiary hearing, whether such a rate should be implemented by such utility.
(c) Prior proceedings
Section 2634 of this title shall not apply to the requirements of this section.
(Pub. L. 95–617, title I, § 114, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3124.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this title”, meaning title I (§ 101 et seq.) of Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120, which enacted subchapters I to IV of this chapter and section 6808 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amended sections 6802 to 6807 of Title 42. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.
16 U.S.C. § 2626 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2626. Reports respecting standards
(a) State authorities and nonregulated utilities
Not later than one year after November 9, 1978, and annually thereafter for ten years, each State regulatory authority (with respect to each State regulated electric utility for which it has ratemaking authority), and each nonregulated electric utility, shall report to the Secretary, in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe, respecting its consideration of the standards established by sections 2621(d) and 2623(b) of this title. Such report shall include a summary of the determinations made and actions taken with respect to each such standard on a utility-by-utility basis.
(b) Secretary
Not later than eighteen months after November 9, 1978, and annually thereafter for ten years, the Secretary shall submit a report to the President and the Congress containing—
(1) a summary of the reports submitted under subsection (a),
(2) his analysis of such reports, and
(3) his actions under this chapter, and his recommendations for such further Federal actions, including any legislation, regarding retail electric utility rates (and other practices) as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 95–617, title I, § 116, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3128.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), was in the original “this title”, meaning title I (§ 101 et seq.) of Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120, which enacted subchapters I to IV of this chapter and section 6808 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amended sections 6802 to 6807 of Title 42. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.
16 U.S.C. § 2627 (CONSERVATION)
§ 2627. Relationship to State law
(a) Revenue and rate of return
Nothing in this chapter shall authorize or require the recovery by an electric utility of revenues, or of a rate of return, in excess of, or less than, the amount of revenues or the rate of return determined to be lawful under any other provision of law.
(b) State authority
Nothing in this chapter prohibits any State regulatory authority or nonregulated electric utility from adopting, pursuant to State law, any standard or rule affecting electric utilities which is different from any standard established by this subchapter.
(c) Federal agencies
With respect to any electric utility which is a Federal agency, and with respect to the Tennessee Valley Authority when it is treated as a State regulatory authority as provided in section 2602(17) of this title, any reference in section 2621 or 2623 of this title to State law shall be treated as a reference to Federal law.
(Pub. L. 95–617, title I, § 117, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3128.)
heading: Editorial Notes
heading: References in Text
text: This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original “this title”, meaning title I (§ 101 et seq.) of Pub. L. 95–617, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3120, which enacted subchapters I to IV of this chapter and section 6808 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amended sections 6802 to 6807 of Title 42. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.