Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on  15 December 2022      [on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/456, para. 61)]       77/193. Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms        The General Assembly,    Recalling its resolutions 61/143 of 19 December 2006, 62/133 of 18 December  2007, 63/155 of 18 December 2008, 64/137 of 18 December 2009, 65/187 of  21 December 2010, 67/144 of 20 December 2012 and all its previous resolutions on  the elimination of violence against women, as well as its resolutions 69/147 of  18 December 2014, 71/170 of 19 December 2016, 73/148 of 17 December 2018 and  75/161 of 16 December 2020 on the intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms  of violence against women and girls,    Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights1 and the Vienna  Declaration and Programme of Action,2    Reaffirming also the obligation of all States to promote and protect all human  rights and fundamental freedoms, and reaffirming further that discrimination on the  basis of sex is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration  of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 3 the  International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 4 the Convention on  the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 5 the International  Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 6 the  __________________    1 Resolution 217 A (III).    2 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.    3 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.    4 Ibid.    5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378.    6 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464.   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 2/14    Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities7 and the Convention on the  Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols thereto, 8     Reaffirming further the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against  Women,9 the Beijing Declaration10 and Platform for Action,11 the Programme of  Action of the International Conference on Population and Development12 and the  outcomes of their review conferences, and the United Nations Declaration on the  Rights of Indigenous Peoples,13    Welcoming the commitment to achieve gender equality and the empowerment  of all women and girls contained in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 14  and in the agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women at  its sixty-sixth session15 and previous sessions, recognizing that women play a vital  role as agents of change for sustainable development, and acknowledging that  achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls is crucial to  making progress across all Sustainable Development Goals and targets,    Recalling all previous agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the  Status of Women, including at its sixty-fifth session, on 26 March 2021, on women’s  full and effective participation and decision-making in public life, as well as the  elimination of violence, for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all  women and girls,16 and at its fifty-seventh session, on 15 March 2013, on the  elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls, 17 taking  note of all international, regional and national initiatives in this regard, such as the  Generation Equality Forum, which was convened by the United Nations Entity for  Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and co-chaired by  France and Mexico, in partnership with civil society,    Recalling also the commitment to eliminate all forms of violence against all  women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual  and other types of exploitation, contained in Sustainable Development Goal 5, in  particular targets 5.2 and 5.3, the commitment to promote peaceful and inclusive  societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build  effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, contained in Sustainable  Development Goal 16, and the commitment to leave no one behind,    Acknowledging the importance of combating trafficking in persons in order to  prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, and in this regard  stressing the importance of the full and effective implementation of the Protocol to  Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and  Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational  Organized Crime,18 as well as of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat  __________________    7 Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910.    8 Ibid., vols. 1577, 2171, 2173 and 2983, No. 27531.    9 Resolution 48/104.    10 Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United  Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I.    11 Ibid., annex II.    12 Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5–13 September  1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex.    13 Resolution 61/295, annex.    14 Resolution 70/1.    15 Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2022, Supplement No. 7 (E/2022/27),  chap. I, sect. A.    16 Ibid., 2021, Supplement No. 7 (E/2021/27), chap. I, sect. A.    17 Ibid., 2013, Supplement No. 7 (E/2013/27), chap. I, sect. A.    18 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2237, No. 39574.   Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms  A/RES/77/193   3/14 22-28890    Trafficking in Persons,19 and reaffirming the obligation to take or strengthen  measures, including through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, to alleviate the  factors that make women and girls vulnerable to trafficking, such as poverty,  underdevelopment and lack of equal opportunity,    Deeply concerned about the continued prevalence of violence against women  and girls in all its different forms and manifestations worldwide, offline and online,  which is underrecognized and underreported, particularly at the community level, and  its pervasiveness, which reflects discriminatory norms that reinforce stereotypes,  including gender stereotypes and negative social norms, and gender inequality and  the corresponding impunity and lack of accountability, reiterating the need to  intensify efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against all women and  girls in the public and private spheres in all regions of the world, and re-emphasizing  that violence against women and girls violates, and impairs their full enjoyment of,  all human rights,    Emphasizing that domestic violence against women and girls of all social strata  across the world is a violation, abuse or impairment of the enjoyment of their human  rights and fundamental freedoms and, as such, is unacceptable, and gravely concerned  that domestic violence, including intimate partner violence and marital rape, remains  the most prevalent and least visible form of violence,    Deeply concerned by the impact of historical and structural inequalities, unequal  power relations, gender stereotypes and negative social norms, perceptions and  customs and disregard for women and girls’ dignity, integrity and autonomy, that are  among the primary causes of gender-based violence and harmful practices against  women and girls and that reinforce the lower status of girls and adolescent girls in  society,    Recognizing that violence against women and girls is one of the fundamental  social, political and economic means by which the position of women with respect to  men is regarded as subordinate and their stereotyped roles are perpetuated, and that  this violence is rooted in gender stereotypes and negative social norms, such as the  ideology of men’s entitlement and privilege over women, and perceptions of  masculinity, including the need to assert male control or power, leading to the  justification, normalization, condonement and perpetuation of violence and  stigmatization of victims and survivors,    Recognizing also the challenges and obstacles to eliminating discriminatory  attitudes, gender stereotypes and negative social norms that perpetuate multiple and  intersecting forms of discrimination against women and girls, and stressing that  challenges and obstacles remain in the implementation of international standards and  norms to eliminate gender inequality,    Expressing deep concern at the continuing reports of grave abuses and violence  committed against migrant women and girls, including gender-based violence, sexual  violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, domestic violence, gender-related killing of  women and girls, including femicide, racist and xenophobic acts and expressions,  discrimination, abusive labour practices, exploitative conditions of work and  trafficking in persons, including forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar  to slavery, while taking into account the particular difficulties in accessing justice that  may be faced by women migrant workers and acknowledging the challenges in  recognizing their positive contributions,    Expressing its concern that incidents of racial and religious intolerance,  discrimination and related violence against women and girls, because of negative  __________________    19 Resolution 64/293.   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 4/14    racial and religious stereotyping, continue to rise around the world, and condemning,  in this context, any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes  incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, and urging States to take effective  measures, consistent with their obligations under international human rights law, to  address and combat such incidents,     Deeply concerned that women and girls with disabilities face an increased risk  of violence based on stereotypes that dehumanize, infantilize, objectify, exclude or  isolate them,    Reaffirming the right to freely choose a spouse, to enter into marriage only with  free and full consent and to have control over and to decide freely and responsibly on  matters relating to sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of  coercion, discrimination and violence, and recognizing that equal relationships in  matters of sexual relations and reproduction, including full respect for dignity,  integrity and autonomy, are key to preventing and eliminating all forms of violence  against all women and girls,    Recognizing that stereotypes portraying the role and the value of women solely  as mothers and wives may contribute to discrimination and violence against women  and girls, and in particular against widows, female heads of household, single and  divorced women, women without children and women experiencing infertility,    Recognizing also that those who are exposed to or experience violence in  childhood are at increased risk of becoming perpetrators of violence against women  and girls and more likely to experience violence later in life, and therefore  recognizing the need to address the root causes of violence, including gender  stereotypes and negative social norms, in order to help to stop the intergenerational  cycle of violence,    Recognizing further the contributions of family members in combating violence  against women and girls, including domestic violence, and that in preventing such  violence family members can play an important role, and emphasizing men’s  responsibilities as partners, parents and caregivers in the equal sharing of unpaid care  and domestic work, as a means of enabling women to increase their participation in  decision-making in public life and in the labour market,    Expressing concern at institutional and structural discrimination against all  women and girls, such as laws, policies, regulations, programmes, administrative  procedures or structures, services and practices that directly or indirectly restrict  access to institutions, property and landownership, inheritance, nationality, health  care and services, education, justice, women’s employment and access to credit,  which place them at increased risk of violence, and compound the violence  experienced, and constitute a major impediment to their full, equal, meaningful and  effective participation in society, as well as economic and political life,    Recognizing that women’s poverty and lack of empowerment, as well as their  marginalization resulting from their exclusion from social and economic policies and  from the benefits of education and sustainable development, can place them at  increased risk of violence, and that violence against women and girls impedes the  social and economic and therefore the sustainable development of communities and  States, as well as the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development  and other internationally agreed development goals,    Recognizing also the importance of relevant International Labour Organization  standards related to the realization of women’s right to work and rights at work which  are critical for women’s full and effective participation and decision-making in public  life and the elimination of violence, recalling the decent work agenda of the  International Labour Organization and the International Labour Organization   Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms  A/RES/77/193   5/14 22-28890    Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and noting the importance  of their effective implementation,    Stressing the need to eliminate gender stereotypes and negative social norms in  the world of work that condone violence against women and girls, including through,  but not limited to, quality education, training and awareness-raising campaigns,  associated with a change in attitudes and increased knowledge about sexual  harassment, particularly among men and boys, as well as ensuring equal pay for work  of equal value and reaffirming the necessity of recognizing, valuing, reducing and  redistributing unpaid care and domestic work,    Recognizing that many women who are pregnant and/or mothers face  discrimination in the workplace based on gender stereotypes and negative social  norms, and noting that such discriminatory attitudes can negatively affect all women  in the world of work,    Recognizing also that educational opportunities, as well as equal access to  gender-responsive education addressing consent, respecting boundaries and what  constitutes unacceptable behaviour and how to report it, are effective ways to prevent  and eliminate violence against women and girls, to combat gender stereotypes and  negative social norms, and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all  women and girls, women’s formal employment and economic opportunities and their  active participation in economic, social and cultural development, governance and  decision-making,    Recognizing further the need to provide or strengthen human rights education  and training for health-care workers, the police, law enforcement officers and prison  staff, and other relevant professions, so as to combat gender stereotypes and negative  social norms that condone violence against women and girls,    Recognizing that images, videos and other content in the media and digital  contexts of women and girls and violence against them, in particular those that depict  rape, sexual exploitation or sexual slavery, are factors contributing to the continued  prevalence of such violence, and that the arts, media and other forms of  communication can exacerbate, maintain or combat gender stereotypes and negative  social norms,    Recognizing also that the growing impact of violence against women and girls,  including sexual harassment and abuse, in digital contexts, especially on social media,  its impunity and the lack of legislative and preventive measures and remedies  underline the need for action by Member States, in partnership with relevant  stakeholders, and that such violence may include stalking, death threats and threats  of sexual and gender-based violence, as well as related trends against women and  girls in digital contexts, such as trolling, cyberbullying and other forms of  cyberharassment, including unwanted verbal or non-verbal conduct of a sexual  nature, arbitrary or unlawful surveillance and tracking, trafficking in persons,  extortion, censorship and the hacking of digital accounts, mobile telephones and other  electronic devices, limiting women’s equal participation in public life, including  through discrediting or silencing women and girls, compromising their health,  emotional and psychological well-being and safety and/or inciting other violations  and abuses against them,    Noting the fact that several countries have criminalized the non-consensual  online dissemination of intimate or sexually explicit images of adult persons, ensuring  that victims do not have to rely solely on other criminal law provisions,    Alarmed by the fact that violence against women and girls, including gender- related killings of women and girls, also known as femicide, which constitutes an  extreme form of violence against women and girls, is among the least punished crimes   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 6/14    owing to, inter alia, gender bias among the judiciary and law enforcement, and  recognizing the key role of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement  officials, in preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, including  in ending impunity for such crimes,    Underscoring that gender stereotypes and negative social norms, including  when leading to shame or stigma, and all forms of discrimination, including structural  discrimination, as well as discriminatory legal, practical and structural barriers to  access to justice and legal services, a lack of information and awareness, the fear of  reprisals, gender bias in the judiciary and law enforcement, risk of revictimization,  harassment and possible retribution, persisting impunity, insufficient recourse for  victims of violence against women and girls, and negative economic consequences,  such as loss of livelihood or reduced income for women, prevent many women and  girls from reporting or acting as witnesses and from seeking redress and justice for  these crimes,    Recognizing that women human rights defenders, politicians, journalists and  other media workers, and women in leadership positions that challenge accepted  sociocultural norms, traditions, perceptions and stereotypes, including gender  stereotypes and negative social norms, are at greater risk of facing certain forms of  violence, and gravely concerned that impunity for violations and abuses against them  persists owing to factors such as a lack of reporting, documentation, investigation and  access to justice, social barriers and constraints with regard to addressing sexual and  gender-based violence and the stigmatization that may result from such violations and  abuses,    Deeply concerned that all women and girls, especially in developing countries,  including small island developing States, and particularly those in vulnerable  situations, are often disproportionately affected by the adverse impacts of climate  change, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, extreme weather events and  natural disasters and other environmental issues, which may exacerbate existing  structural inequalities as well as violence against women and girls and harmful  practices, including the incidence of child, early and forced marriage and female  genital mutilation, and emphasizing the lack of sufficient data and understanding of  the impact of climate change and environmental degradation on violence against  women and girls,    Recognizing that all women and girls, especially victims and survivors of all  forms of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, living in areas  affected by complex humanitarian emergencies and in areas affected by terrorism and  conflict, have particular needs, including regarding their physical, mental, sexual and  reproductive health, and that global health threats, climate change, more frequent and  intense natural disasters, conflicts, violent extremism as and when conducive to  terrorism, and related humanitarian crises and the forced displacement of people  threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades and  have particular negative impacts on women and girls that need to be comprehensively  assessed and addressed,    Stressing that men and boys need to support and take concrete actions for more  equal power relations, and therefore stressing the need to fully engage men and boys  as strategic partners, allies and beneficiaries in achieving gender equality and the  empowerment of all women and girls and in preventing and eliminating all forms of  sexual and gender-based violence, including by combating gender stereotypes and  negative social norms, such as patriarchal masculinity, sexism and misogyny,    Recognizing the need to promote the full, effective, equal and meaningful  participation of women in all their diversity and women’s and girls’ rights  organizations and women’s organizations, including victims and survivors of   Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms  A/RES/77/193   7/14 22-28890    violence, in the development, implementation and evaluation of gender-responsive  policies, regulations and legislation designed to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls and to allow civil society to operate freely and  safely,    1.  Strongly condemns all forms of violence against all women and girls,  which often occur in a continuum and throughout the life course, and their persistence  and pervasiveness, recognizing that they are an impediment to the achievement of  gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls and to the full  realization of their human rights;    2.  Stresses that “violence against women and girls” means any act of  violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, that results in, or is likely to  result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women  and girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty,  whether occurring in public or in private life, online and offline, and notes the  economic and social harm caused by such violence;    3.  Urges States to strongly condemn all forms of violence against women and  girls, both offline and online, and reaffirms that they should not invoke any custom,  tradition or religious consideration to avoid their obligations with respect to its  elimination and should pursue, by all appropriate means and without delay, a policy  of eliminating all forms of violence against women, as set out in the Declaration on  the Elimination of Violence against Women;    4.  Calls upon States to address multiple and intersecting forms of  discrimination, which place women and girls at greater risk of exploitation, violence  and abuse, to implement measures to prevent and eliminate gender stereotypes, negative  social norms, attitudes and behaviours that cause or perpetuate discrimination and  violence against women and girls and to ensure their participation and leadership in  society;    5.  Urges States to take comprehensive, multisectoral, coordinated, effective  and gender-responsive measures to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against  all women and girls and to address structural and underlying causes and risk factors,  including by:    (a)  Designing and implementing legislation and policies to prevent and  eliminate all forms of violence and harmful practices against all women and girls,  including sexual and gender-based violence, domestic violence, including intimate  partner violence and marital rape, online violence, sexual harassment, gender-related  killing of women and girls, including femicide and female infanticide, child, early  and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, and to end impunity for such cases;    (b)  Addressing and eliminating the root causes of gender inequality, including  all forms of discrimination against women and girls, patriarchal values, unequal  power relations, gender stereotypes and negative social norms, perceptions and  customs and harmful social norms, attitudes and behaviours, which justify, normalize,  condone or perpetuate violence against women and girls and stigmatize victims and  survivors;    (c)  Preventing and eliminating, in all public and private spheres,  discrimination, gender stereotypes, negative social norms, attitudes and behaviours  and unequal power relations by which women and girls are regarded as subordinate  to men and boys, and that underlie and perpetuate male domination, by designing and  implementing gender-responsive policies, regulations and legislation that are aimed  at eliminating discriminatory attitudes and social and cultural patterns of conduct that  condone violence against all women and girls;   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 8/14      (d)  Addressing and eliminating gender stereotypes and negative social norms  that perpetuate racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,  which reveal themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls and can be  among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty,  violence, multiple forms of discrimination and limitation or denial of their human  rights;    (e)  Eliminating gender stereotypes and negative social norms that can lead to  violence against migrant women and girls, including women migrant workers, by  addressing the structural and underlying causes of all forms of violence against them,  including through education and the dissemination of information to combat  misinformation and stigma against them, by acknowledging their positive  contributions, thereby combating negative perceptions of them, and by raising  awareness of gender equality issues and promoting their economic empowerment and  access to decent work;    (f)  Taking measures to empower women by, inter alia, strengthening their  economic autonomy and ensuring their full, effective, equal and meaningful  participation in society and in decision-making processes by adopting and  implementing social and economic policies that guarantee women full and equal  access to opportunities, resources and basic services such as quality education and  training and affordable and adequate public and social services, as well as full and  equal access to financial, natural and productive resources and decent work, equal  pay for work of equal value, and full and equal rights to own and have access to and  control over land and other property, and guaranteeing women’s and girls’ inheritance  rights, and taking further appropriate measures to address the increasing rate of  homelessness of and inadequate housing for women in order to reduce their  vulnerability to violence;    (g)  Enacting or strengthening and enforcing laws and policies to eliminate all  forms of violence and harassment against women of all ages in the world of work,  including by eliminating gender stereotypes and negative social norms;    (h)  Adopting measures to recognize, reduce and redistribute women’s and  girls’ disproportionate share of unpaid care, informal and domestic work and to tackle  the persisting feminization of poverty, including through poverty eradication  measures, labour policies, public services and social protection programmes, and to  address the discrimination and gender inequality, including gender stereotypes and  negative social norms, attitudes and behaviours and unequal power relations in which  women and girls are viewed as subordinate to men and boys, that are at the root of  these imbalances;    (i)  Ensuring the promotion and protection of the human rights of all women  and their sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights in accordance with  the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and  Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their  review conferences, including through the development and enforcement of policies  and legal frameworks and the strengthening of health systems that make universally  accessible and available quality, comprehensive sexual and reproductive health-care  services, commodities, information and education, including safe and effective  methods of modern contraception, emergency contraception, prevention programmes  for adolescent pregnancy, maternal health care such as skilled birth attendance and  emergency obstetric care, which will reduce obstetric fistula and other complications  of pregnancy and delivery, safe abortion where such services are permitted by national  law, and prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections, sexually  transmitted infections, HIV and reproductive cancers, recognizing that human rights  include the right to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters   Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms  A/RES/77/193   9/14 22-28890    related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free from  coercion, discrimination and violence;    (j)  Developing and implementing programmes that aim to prevent and eliminate  gender disparities in enrolment and gender stereotypes and negative social norms in  education systems, curricula and materials, whether derived from any discriminatory  practices, social or cultural attitudes or legal and economic circumstances;    (k)  Implementing, in partnership with all relevant stakeholders, effective  violence prevention and response activities in schools and communities, educating  children from a young age regarding the importance of treating all people with dignity  and respect, and designing educational programmes and teaching materials that  support consent, non-violent behaviour, respect for boundaries and what constitutes  unacceptable behaviour and how to report it, that eliminate gender stereotypes and  negative social norms, build self-esteem and informed decision-making and  communication skills and promote the development of respectful relationships based  on gender equality, inclusion and respect for human rights;    (l)  Developing policies and programmes with the support, where appropriate,  of international organizations, civil society and non-governmental organizations,  giving priority to formal, informal and non-formal education programmes, including  scientifically accurate and age-appropriate comprehensive education that is relevant  to cultural contexts, that targets stereotyped gender roles and promotes the values of  gender equality and non-discrimination, including positive masculinities, and that  provides adolescent girls and boys and young women and men in and out of school,  consistent with their evolving capacities, and with appropriate direction and guidance  from parents and legal guardians, with the best interests of the child as their basic  concern, information on sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention, gender  equality and women’s empowerment, human rights, physical, psychological and  pubertal development, including menstrual health, and power in relationships  between women and men, to enable them to build self-esteem and foster informed  decision-making, communication and risk reduction skills and to develop respectful  relationships, in full partnership with young persons, parents, legal guardians,  caregivers, educators and health-care providers, in order to, inter alia, enable them to  protect themselves from HIV infection and other risks;    (m) Removing barriers, including political, legal, cultural, social, economic,  institutional and religious ones, preventing women’s full, equal, effective and  meaningful participation in leadership and political and other decision-making  positions, taking into account that promoting women to leadership positions may  significantly reduce the risk of violence against women and girls and promoting the  full, effective, equal and meaningful participation of women and women’s  organizations, including victims and survivors of violence, in the development,  implementation and evaluation of gender-responsive policies, regulations and  legislation designed to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and  girls and to allow civil society to operate freely and safely without fear of intimidation  or reprisals;    (n)  Preventing, addressing and prohibiting gender-based violence, including  sexual harassment, against all women and girls in public and political life, including  women in leadership positions, journalists and other media workers, feminists and  women human rights defenders, including through practical steps to prevent threats,  harassment and violence, and to combat impunity by ensuring that those responsible  for violations and abuses, including sexual and gender-based violence and threats,  including in digital contexts, are promptly brought to justice and held accountable  through impartial investigations;   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 10/14      (o)  Promoting the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of  young women and, as appropriate, adolescent girls in decision-making processes by  addressing gender-specific barriers and by promoting and enabling spaces where they  can express their views of all matters relevant to them, ensuring their full and equal  access to quality education, technology and skills development, leadership and  mentorship programmes, increased technical and financial support, and protection  from all forms of violence and discrimination;    (p)  Preventing, addressing and prohibiting all forms of discrimination,  intimidation, harassment and violence, both offline and online, that prevent women  and girls from fully enjoying all their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and  taking all measures to address the gender digital divide and ensure equal access of  women and girls to information and communications technology design and  consumption, promoting digital, media and information literacy and connectivity to  enable the participation of all women and girls in education and training, while noting  with concern that new technological developments can perpetuate existing patterns  of inequality and discrimination, including in the algorithms used in artificial  intelligence-based solutions;    (q)  Adopting and implementing effective measures to encourage the media to  eliminate discrimination against women and girls, including the harmful and  stereotypical portrayal of women or specific groups of women, from their activities,  practices and output, including those perpetuated by advertisements, online and in  other digital environments, that foster gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and  inequality, and to refrain from presenting women and girls as inferior beings and  exploiting them as sexual objects and commodities;    (r)  Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the conceptualization, development  and implementation of digital technologies and related policies and promoting the  participation of women in order to address violence and discrimination against  women and girls in digital contexts, inter alia by encouraging digital technology  companies, including Internet service providers, to respect standards and implement  transparent and accessible reporting mechanisms;    (s)  Taking appropriate measures for the prevention of all forms of violence,  intimidation, threats and attacks against women online and through digital  technologies, and to protect them in online spaces, and considering adopting laws,  policies and practices that protect them from defamation and hate speech while also  respecting their human rights and fundamental freedoms;    (t)  Ensuring that, in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and in natural  disaster situations, the prevention of and response to all forms of violence against  women and girls, including sexual and gender-based violence and conflict-related  sexual violence, are prioritized and effectively addressed and are centred on victims  and survivors, while respecting the rights and prioritizing the needs of survivors,  including groups that are particularly at risk or may be specifically targeted, including  through the investigation, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators and the  strengthening of national justice mechanisms to end impunity, the removal of barriers  to women’s and girls’ access to justice, the establishment of complaint and reporting  mechanisms and the provision of support and services to victims and survivors;    (u)  Addressing gender stereotypes and negative social norms in order to create  an enabling environment for women’s and girls’ empowerment in the context of  climate change, environmental degradation and disasters, including in situations of  response to extreme weather events;    (v)  Engaging, educating, encouraging and supporting men and boys to be  positive role models for gender equality and to promote respectful relationships, to   Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms  A/RES/77/193   11/14 22-28890    refrain from and condemn all forms of discrimination and violence against women  and girls, to increase their understanding of the harmful effects of violence for the  victim/survivor and society as a whole, and to ensure that they take responsibility and  are held accountable for behaviour, including for behaviour that perpetuates gender  stereotypes and negative social norms, including misconceptions about masculinities  that underlie discrimination and violence against women and girls, and that men and  boys take responsibility for their sexual and reproductive behaviour and for equitable  sharing of responsibilities with respect to care and household work;    (w) Designing, implementing and regularly monitoring the impact of national  policies, programmes and strategies that address the roles and responsibilities of men  and boys, including through combating social-cultural norms and traditional and  customary practices that condone violence against all women and girls, counteracting  attitudes by which women and girls are regarded as subordinate to men and boys or  as having stereotyped gender roles that perpetuate practices involving violence or  coercion, and aiming to ensure the equal sharing of responsibilities within households  in unpaid care and domestic work, including through parental leave policies, and  increased flexibility in working arrangements which would facilitate the equal  sharing of responsibilities;    (x)  Recognizing the importance of working with men and boys to combat  gender stereotypes and negative social norms and unequal power relations, ensuring  that all policies and programmes on preventing and ending violence against women  and girls aimed at engaging men and boys are designed and promoted with the  ultimate objectives of ensuring that the concerns of all women and girls, their rights,  their empowerment, their safety and their voices and women’s full, equal and  meaningful participation in decision-making and political agendas at all levels are  prioritized;    (y)  Holding persons in positions of authority, whether in public or private  environments, such as teachers, religious and community leaders, traditional  authorities, politicians and law enforcement officials, accountable for not complying  with and/or upholding laws and regulations relating to violence against women and  girls, in order to prevent and respond to such violence in a gender-responsive manner,  to end impunity and to avoid the abuse of power leading to violence against women  and girls and the revictimization of victims/survivors of such violence;    6.  Also urges States to take immediate and effective action to prevent and  respond to all forms of violence against women and girls and to support and protect  all victims and survivors by:    (a)  Exercising due diligence and ensuring legislation to prevent, investigate,  prosecute and hold to account the perpetrators of all forms of violence against women  and girls, to eliminate impunity and to provide for effective access to appropriate  remedies and reparations for victims and survivors, ensuring the protection of women  and girls, including adequate enforcement of civil remedies, orders of protection and  criminal sanctions, and the provision of shelters, mental health and psychosocial  services, counselling, health-care services and other types of support services, in  order to avoid revictimization, promoting an empowering environment, and in doing  so contributing to the enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by  women and girls subjected to violence;    (b)  Removing all barriers to women’s access to justice and accountability  mechanisms and ensuring that they all have access to information about their rights  as well as effective legal assistance so that they can make informed decisions  regarding, inter alia, legal proceedings and issues relating to family law, and also  ensuring that they have access to just and effective victim-centred remedies for the  harm that they have suffered, including formal and appropriate informal justice   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 12/14    mechanisms, as provided for by national legislation and, where necessary, the  adoption of national legislation, bearing in mind that victims and survivors may be  subjected to further discrimination or reprisals;    (c)  Providing relevant, comprehensive and victim-centred legal protection in  full respect of human rights to support and assist victims and survivors of all forms  of violence, in a gender-responsive manner, including victim and witness protection  from reprisals for bringing complaints or giving evidence, within the framework of  their national legal systems, including, as appropriate, legislative or other measures,  such as addressing gender stereotypes and negative social norms throughout the  criminal and civil justice system and law enforcement, taking into account women  and girls facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination;    (d)  Ensuring that services and programmes designed to protect women and  girls from violence are accessible to women and girls with disabilities, including those  living in institutionalized settings, who are particularly vulnerable to violence,  including by ensuring that facilities for such services and programmes are accessible,  and disability is mainstreamed in materials and training courses addressed to  professionals working on violence against women;    (e)  Establishing comprehensive, coordinated, interdisciplinary, accessible and  sustained multisectoral services, programmes and responses for all victims and  survivors of all forms of violence, including sexual harassment, that are adequately  resourced, that are, when possible, in a language that they understand and in which  they can communicate and that include effective and coordinated action by, as  appropriate, relevant stakeholders, such as the police and the justice sector, as well as  providers of legal aid services, health services, shelters, medical and psychological  assistance counselling services and protection, and, in cases of girl victims and  survivors, ensuring that such services, programmes and responses take into account  the best interests of the child;    (f)  Establishing and/or strengthening law enforcement, health and social  workers’ and counsellors’ response protocols and procedures to ensure that all  appropriate actions are coordinated and taken to protect and respond to the needs of  victims of violence, to identify acts of violence and to prevent their recurrence or  further acts of violence and physical and psychological harm, ensuring that services  are responsive to survivors’ needs, including by providing access to female health- care providers, police officers and counsellors if requested, and ensuring and  maintaining the privacy of victims and the confidentiality of their reporting;    (g)  Taking and implementing further measures to ensure that all officials,  including those in leadership positions, responsible for implementing policies and  programmes aimed at preventing violence against women and girls, protecting and  assisting victims and investigating and punishing acts of violence receive training on  gender equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment, to raise their awareness of  gender-specific needs, as well as of the underlying causes and the short- and long- term impact of violence against women and girls, and training on gender-responsive  investigation of crimes of violence against women and girls;    7.  Encourages States, in efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence  against women and girls, to work in partnership with the private sector and civil  society, including women’s, young women’s, youth-led and community-based  organizations, organizations of and led by persons with disabilities, faith-based  organizations, rural, Indigenous and feminist groups, women human rights defenders,  women journalists and media workers and trade, labour and other professional unions,  as well as other relevant stakeholders, and to support initiatives undertaken by them,  including by allocating adequate financial resources, aimed at promoting gender  equality and inclusion and eliminating violence against women and girls;   Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms  A/RES/77/193   13/14 22-28890      8.  Also encourages States to systematically collect, analyse and disseminate  data disaggregated by sex, age and other parameters relevant in national contexts,  including, where appropriate, administrative data from law enforcement officials, the  health sector, the judiciary and other relevant sectors, to consider developing  methodologies to collect data on all forms of violence against women and girls,  including sexual harassment, in, inter alia, digital contexts, in order to monitor all  forms of such violence, such as data on the relationship between the perpetrator and  the victim and geographical location, with the involvement of national statistical  offices and, where appropriate, in partnership with other actors, including law  enforcement agencies, in order to ensure high-quality, reliable and timely  disaggregated data and gender statistics to effectively review and implement laws,  policies, strategies and preventive and protective measures, while ensuring and  maintaining the privacy and the confidentiality of the victims;    9.  Urges the international community, including the United Nations system  and, as appropriate, regional and subregional organizations, to support national efforts  to promote gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls in order to  enhance international efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and  girls, through, inter alia, official development assistance, other appropriate assistance  as well as South-South and triangular cooperation, such as facilitating the sharing of  guidelines, methodologies, lessons learned and best practices, taking into account  national priorities;    10. Stresses the need to continue to take and strengthen the measures necessary  to ensure that no individual working within the United Nations system, including its  agencies, funds, programmes and entities, is involved in sexual harassment, too often  perpetrated against those affected by humanitarian crises, and calling upon the United  Nations system to intensify its efforts in this regard to ensure zero tolerance for such  violence;    11.  Underscores the critical importance of protecting all persons affected by  humanitarian crises, in particular women and children, from any form of sexual  exploitation and abuse, including those perpetrated by humanitarian personnel,  welcomes the determination of the Secretary-General to fully implement the United  Nations policy of zero tolerance for sexual exploitation and abuse, stresses that  victims and survivors should be at the core of such efforts, notes the six core  principles relating to sexual exploitation and abuse adopted by the Inter-Agency  Standing Committee, and encourages Member States to make greater efforts to  prevent and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse and to ensure that perpetrators  are held accountable;    12. Stresses that, within the United Nations system, adequate resources should  be assigned to UN-Women and other bodies, specialized agencies, funds and  programmes responsible for the promotion of gender equality, the empowerment of  women and the human rights of women and girls and to efforts throughout the United  Nations system to prevent and eliminate violence against women and girls, including  sexual harassment, calls upon the United Nations system to make the necessary  support and resources available, and takes note with appreciation in this regard of the  contribution of the Spotlight initiative;    13. Also stresses the importance of the Secretary-General’s Global Database  on Violence against Women, expresses its appreciation to all those States that have  provided the Database with information regarding, inter alia, their national policies  and legal frameworks aimed at eliminating violence against women and girls and  supporting victims of such violence, strongly encourages all States to regularly  provide updated information for the Database, and calls upon all relevant entities of  the United Nations system to continue to support States, at their request, in the   A/RES/77/193  Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of  violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative  social norms   22-28890 14/14    compilation and regular updating of pertinent information and to raise awareness of  the Database among all relevant stakeholders, including civil society;    14. Calls upon all United Nations bodies, entities, funds and programmes and  the specialized agencies and invites the Bretton Woods institutions to intensify their  efforts at all levels to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls and to  better coordinate their work, with a view to increasing effective support for national  efforts to prevent and eliminate sexual harassment;    15. Requests the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on violence  against women and girls, its causes and consequences to submit an annual report to  the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth and seventy-ninth sessions;    16. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its  seventy-ninth session a report containing:    (a)  Information provided by the United Nations bodies, funds and  programmes and the specialized agencies on their follow-up activities to implement  resolution 75/161 and the present resolution, including on their assistance to States in  their efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls;     (b)  Information provided by States on their follow-up activities to implement  the present resolution;    17. Also requests the Secretary-General to present an oral report to the  Commission on the Status of Women at its sixty-seventh and sixty-eighth sessions,  including information provided by the United Nations bodies, funds and programmes  and the specialized agencies on recent follow-up activities to implement resolutions  73/148 and 75/161 and the present resolution, and urges United Nations bodies,  entities, funds and programmes and the specialized agencies to contribute promptly  to that report;    18. Decides to continue its consideration of the elimination of all forms of  violence against women and girls at its seventy-ninth session under the item entitled  “Advancement of women”.