Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2013  [on the report of the Third Committee (A/68/456/Add.2)]  68/159. Human rights and cultural diversity    The General Assembly,    Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1  the International  Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights2 and the International Covenant  on Civil and Political Rights,2 as well as other pertinent human rights instruments,     Recalling also its resolutions 54/160 of 17 December 1999, 55/91 of  4 December 2000, 57/204 of 18 December 2002, 58/167 of 22 December 2003,  60/167 of 16 December 2005, 62/155 of 18 December 2007, 64/174 of 18 December  2009 and 66/154 of 19 December 2011, and recalling further its resolutions 54/113  of 10 December 1999, 55/23 of 13 November 2000 and 60/4 of 20 October 2005  concerning the United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations,     Noting that numerous instruments within the United Nations system promote  cultural diversity, as well as the conservation and development of culture, in  particular the Declaration of the Principles of International Culture Cooperation  proclaimed on 4 November 1966 by the General Conference of the United Nations  Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its fourteenth session,3    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,4     Recalling that, as stated in the Declaration on Principles of International Law  concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the  Charter of the United Nations, contained in the annex to its resolution 2625 (XXV)  of 24 October 1970, States have the duty to cooperate with one another, irrespective  of the differences in their political, economic and social systems, in the various  spheres of international relations, in the promotion of universal respect for and  observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, and in the elimination  of all forms of racial discrimination and all forms of religious intolerance,   _______________  1 Resolution 217 A (III).  2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.  3  See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General  Conference, Fourteenth Session, Paris, 1966, Resolutions.  4 A/68/277.   A/RES/68/159  Human rights and cultural diversity   2/5    Welcoming the adoption, by its resolution 56/6 of 9 November 2001, of the  Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations,     Welcoming also the contribution of the World Conference against Racism,  Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, held in Durban, South  Africa, from 31 August to 8 September 2001, the Durban Review Conference, held  in Geneva from 20 to 24 April 2009, and the high-level meeting of the General  Assembly to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban  Declaration and Programme of Action, held on 22 September 2011, to the promotion  of respect for cultural diversity,     Welcoming further the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of the  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,5 together with its  Action Plan, 6 adopted on 2 November 2001 by the General Conference of the  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its thirty-first  session, in which member States invited the United Nations system and other  intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations concerned to cooperate with  the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the  promotion of the principles set forth in the Declaration and its Action Plan, with a  view to enhancing the synergy of actions in favour of cultural diversity,     Recalling the Ministerial Meeting on Human Rights and Cultural Diversity of  the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Tehran on 3 and 4 September 2007,     Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and  interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in  a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis, and that,  while the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical,  cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States,  regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect  all human rights and fundamental freedoms,     Expressing concern over the adverse impacts of lack of respect for and  recognition of cultural diversity on human rights, justice, friendship and the  fundamental right to development,     Recognizing that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by  all peoples and nations are a source of mutual enrichment for the cultural life of  humankind,     Recognizing also the contribution that diverse cultures have been making to  the development and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms,     Taking into account that a culture of peace actively fosters non-violence and  respect for human rights and strengthens solidarity among peoples and nations and  dialogue between cultures,     Reaffirming that discriminatory treatment against different cultures and  religions is detrimental to the principle of the equality of human beings,     Recognizing that all cultures and civilizations share a common set of universal  values,   _______________  5 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Records of the General Conference,  Thirty-first Session, Paris, 15 October–3 November 2001, vol. 1 and corrigendum, Resolutions, sect. V,  resolution 25, annex I.  6 Ibid., annex II.   Human rights and cultural diversity  A/RES/68/159   3/5    Recognizing also that the promotion of the rights of indigenous people and  their cultures and traditions will contribute to the respect for and observance of  cultural diversity among all peoples and nations,     Considering that tolerance of cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic  diversities, as well as dialogue among and within civilizations, is essential for  peace, understanding and friendship among individuals and people of different  cultures and nations of the world, while manifestations of cultural prejudice,  intolerance and xenophobia towards different cultures and religions generate hatred,  violence and extremism among peoples and nations throughout the world,     Recognizing in each culture a dignity and value that deserve recognition,  respect and preservation, and convinced that, in their rich variety and diversity, and  in the reciprocal influences that they exert on one another, all cultures form part of  the common heritage belonging to all humankind,     Convinced that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance towards and  dialogue among various cultures and civilizations would contribute to the efforts of  all peoples and nations to enrich their cultures and traditions by engaging in a  mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and intellectual, moral and material  achievements,     Acknowledging the diversity of the world, recognizing that all cultures and  civilizations contribute to the enrichment of humankind, acknowledging the  importance of respect and understanding for religious and cultural diversity  throughout the world, and, in order to promote international peace and security,  committing itself to advancing human welfare, freedom and progress everywhere, as  well as to encouraging tolerance, respect, dialogue and cooperation among different  cultures, civilizations and peoples,     1.  Affirms the importance for all peoples and nations to hold, develop and  preserve their cultural heritage and traditions in a national and international  atmosphere of peace, tolerance and mutual respect;     2.  Emphasizes the important contribution of culture to development and the  achievement of national development objectives and internationally agreed  development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals;    3.  Welcomes the adoption on 8 September 2000 of the United Nations  Millennium Declaration,7 in which Member States consider, inter alia, that tolerance  is one of the fundamental values essential to international relations in the twenty- first century and that it should include the active promotion of a culture of peace  and dialogue among civilizations, with human beings respecting one another in all  their diversity of belief, culture and language, neither fearing nor repressing  differences within and between societies but cherishing them as a precious asset of  humanity;     4.  Recognizes the right of everyone to take part in cultural life and to enjoy  the benefits of scientific progress and its applications;     5.  Affirms that the international community should strive to respond to the  challenges and opportunities posed by globalization in a manner that ensures respect  for the cultural diversity of all;   _______________  7 Resolution 55/2.   A/RES/68/159  Human rights and cultural diversity   4/5    6.  Expresses  its  determination  to  prevent  and  mitigate  cultural  homogenization in the context of globalization, through increased intercultural  exchange guided by the promotion and protection of cultural diversity;     7.  Affirms that intercultural dialogue essentially enriches the common  understanding of human rights and that the benefits to be derived from the  encouragement and development of international contacts and cooperation in the  cultural fields are important;     8.  Welcomes the recognition at the World Conference against Racism,  Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance of the necessity of  respecting and maximizing the benefits of diversity within and among all nations in  working together to build a harmonious and productive future by putting into  practice and promoting values and principles such as justice, equality and  non-discrimination, democracy, fairness and friendship, tolerance and respect within  and among communities and nations, in particular through public information and  educational programmes to raise awareness and understanding of the benefits of  cultural diversity, including programmes in which the public authorities work in  partnership with international and non-governmental organizations and other sectors  of civil society;     9.  Emphasizes that dialogue among religions, cultures and civilizations on  the basis of equal dignity should be enhanced, through supporting efforts made at  the international level towards reducing confrontation, suppressing xenophobia and  promoting respect for diversity, and in that regard also emphasizes that States  should oppose all attempts at uniculturalism or the imposition of particular models  of social or cultural systems and promote dialogue among civilizations, a culture of  peace and interfaith dialogue, which will contribute towards peace, security and  development;    10. Welcomes the activities of the Non-Aligned Movement Centre for Human  Rights and Cultural Diversity in Tehran, and acknowledges the important role that  the Centre plays in the promotion of the universality of all human rights as well as  their realization;     11.  Recognizes that respect for cultural diversity and the cultural rights of all  enhances cultural pluralism, contributing to a wider exchange of knowledge and  understanding of cultural background, advancing the application and enjoyment of  universally accepted human rights throughout the world and fostering stable,  friendly relations among peoples and nations worldwide;     12. Emphasizes that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance at the  national, regional and international levels is important for enhancing respect for  cultural rights and cultural diversity;     13. Also emphasizes that tolerance and respect for diversity facilitate the  universal promotion and protection of human rights, including gender equality and  the enjoyment of all human rights by all, and underlines the fact that tolerance and  respect for cultural diversity and the universal promotion and protection of human  rights are mutually supportive;     14. Urges all actors on the international scene to build an international order  based on inclusion, justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual  understanding and promotion of and respect for cultural diversity and universal  human rights, and to reject all doctrines of exclusion based on racism, racial  discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance;    Human rights and cultural diversity  A/RES/68/159   5/5    15. Calls upon States, relevant international organizations and non-governmental  organizations to support and embark on intercultural initiatives on human rights in  order to promote all human rights, thereby enriching their universality;    16. Urges States to ensure that their political and legal systems reflect the  multicultural diversity within their societies and, where necessary, to improve  democratic institutions so that they are more fully participatory and avoid  marginalization and exclusion of, and discrimination against, specific sectors of  society;     17. Calls upon States, international organizations and United Nations  agencies, and invites civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to  recognize and promote respect for cultural diversity for the purpose of advancing  the objectives of peace, development and universally accepted human rights;     18. Stresses the necessity of freely using the media and new information and  communications technologies to create the conditions for a renewed dialogue among  cultures and civilizations;     19. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for  Human Rights to continue to bear in mind fully the issues raised in the present  resolution in the course of its activities for the promotion and protection of human  rights;     20. Also requests the Office of the High Commissioner, and invites the  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to support  initiatives aimed at promoting intercultural dialogue on human rights;     21. Urges relevant international organizations to conduct studies on how  respect for cultural diversity contributes to fostering international solidarity and  cooperation among all nations;     22. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare a report on the implementation  of the present resolution, including efforts undertaken at the national, regional and  international levels regarding the recognition and importance of cultural diversity  among all peoples and nations in the world and taking into account the views of  Member  States,  relevant  United  Nations  agencies  and  non-governmental  organizations, and to submit the report to the General Assembly at its seventieth  session;     23. Decides to continue consideration of the question at its seventieth session  under the sub-item entitled “Human rights questions, including alternative  approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental  freedoms” of the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.