Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 December 2007  [on the report of the First Committee (A/62/391)]  62/37. Renewed determination towards the total elimination of   nuclear weapons        The General Assembly,    Recalling the need for all States to take further practical steps and effective  measures towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons, with a view to achieving  a peaceful and safe world free of nuclear weapons, and renewing the determination  to do so,    Noting that the ultimate objective of the efforts of States in the disarmament  process is general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international  control,    Recalling its resolution 61/74 of 6 December 2006,     Convinced that every effort should be made to avoid nuclear war and nuclear  terrorism,    Reaffirming the crucial importance of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of  Nuclear Weapons1 as the cornerstone of the international nuclear disarmament and  non-proliferation regime, and expressing regret over the lack of agreement on  substantive issues at the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the  Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, as well as over the elimination of references  to nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in the World Summit Outcome in  2005,2 the year of the sixtieth anniversary of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and  Nagasaki, Japan,    Recalling the decisions and the resolution of the 1995 Review and Extension  Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear  Weapons3 and the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to  the Treaty,4  _______________  1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485.  2 See resolution 60/1.  3 See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of  Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and Corr.2), annex.  4 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final  Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I–IV)).   A/RES/62/37  2    Recognizing that the enhancement of international peace and security and the  promotion of nuclear disarmament are mutually reinforcing,     Reaffirming that further advancement in nuclear disarmament will contribute  to consolidating the international regime for nuclear non-proliferation and thereby  ensuring international peace and security,    Expressing deep concern regarding the growing dangers posed by the  proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, inter alia, nuclear weapons, including  that caused by proliferation networks,    Recognizing the importance of implementing Security Council resolution  1718 (2006) of 14 October 2006 with regard to the nuclear test proclaimed by the  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on 9 October 2006, while welcoming the  recent progress achieved by the Six-Party Talks,    1.  Reaffirms the importance of all States parties to the Treaty on the  Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons1 complying with their obligations under all  the articles of the Treaty;    2.  Stresses the importance of an effective Treaty review process, welcoming  a successful start of the 2010 review process with the first session of the Preparatory  Committee in 2007, and calls upon all States parties to the Treaty to work together  to ensure that the second session of the Preparatory Committee, in 2008, is held  constructively, in order to facilitate the successful outcome of the 2010 Review  Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear  Weapons;    3.  Reaffirms the importance of the universality of the Treaty, and calls upon  States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it as non-nuclear-weapon States without  delay and without conditions, and pending their accession to refrain from acts that  would defeat the objective and purpose of the Treaty as well as to take practical  steps in support of the Treaty;    4.  Encourages further steps leading to nuclear disarmament, to which all  States parties to the Treaty are committed under article VI of the Treaty, including  deeper reductions in all types of nuclear weapons, and emphasizes the importance of  applying irreversibility and verifiability, as well as increased transparency in a way  that promotes international stability and undiminished security for all, in the process  of working towards the elimination of nuclear weapons;    5.  Encourages the Russian Federation and the United States of America to  implement fully the Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions,5 which should serve  as a step for further nuclear disarmament, and to undertake nuclear arms reductions  beyond those provided for by the Treaty, while welcoming the progress made by  nuclear-weapon States, including the Russian Federation and the United States of  America, on nuclear arms reductions;    6.  Encourages States to continue to pursue efforts, within the framework of  international cooperation, contributing to the reduction of nuclear-weapons-related  materials;  _______________  5 See CD/1674.   A/RES/62/37  3    7.  Calls for the nuclear-weapon States to further reduce the operational  status of nuclear weapons systems in ways that promote international stability and  security;    8.  Stresses the necessity of a diminishing role for nuclear weapons in  security policies to minimize the risk that these weapons will ever be used and to  facilitate the process of their total elimination, in a way that promotes international  stability and based on the principle of undiminished security for all;    9.  Urges all States that have not yet done so to sign and ratify the  Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty6 at the earliest opportunity with a view to  its early entry into force, stresses the importance of maintaining existing  moratoriums on nuclear-weapon test explosions pending the entry into force of the  Treaty, and reaffirms the importance of the continued development of the Treaty  verification regime, including the international monitoring system, which will be  required to provide assurance of compliance with the Treaty;    10. Calls upon the Conference on Disarmament to immediately resume its  substantive work to its fullest, considering the developments of this year in the  Conference;    11. Emphasizes the importance of the immediate commencement of  negotiations on a fissile material cut-off treaty and its early conclusion, and calls  upon all nuclear-weapon States and States not parties to the Treaty on the  Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to declare moratoriums on the production of  fissile material for any nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices pending  the entry into force of the Treaty;    12. Calls upon all States to redouble their efforts to prevent and curb the  proliferation of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction and their means of  delivery;    13. Stresses the importance of further efforts for non-proliferation, including  the universalization of the International Atomic Energy Agency comprehensive  safeguards agreements and Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between  State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of  Safeguards approved by the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy  Agency on 15 May 19977 and the full implementation of relevant Security Council  resolutions including resolution 1540 (2004) of 28 April 2004;    14. Encourages all States to undertake concrete activities to implement, as  appropriate, the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General  on the United Nations study on disarmament and non-proliferation education,  submitted to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session,8 and to voluntarily  share information on efforts they have been undertaking to that end;    15. Encourages the constructive role played by civil society in promoting  nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament.    61st plenary meeting  5 December 2007  _______________  6 See resolution 50/245.  7 International Atomic Energy Agency, INFCIRC/540 (Corrected).  8 A/57/124.