Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2015    [on the report of the Third Committee (A/70/489/Add.2)]  70/155. The right to development        The General Assembly,    Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, which expresses, in particular,  the determination to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger  freedom and, to that end, to employ international mechanisms for the promotion of  the economic and social advancement of all peoples,    Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1  as well as the  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 2 and the International Covenant  on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,2    Recalling also the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences and  summits in the economic and social fields,    Recalling further the Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the  General Assembly in its resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986, which confirmed  that the right to development is an inalienable human right and that equality of  opportunity for development is a prerogative both of nations and of individuals who  make up nations, and that the individual is the central subject and beneficiary of  development,    Stressing the importance of the World Conference on Human Rights, held in  Vienna in 1993, and that the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 3  reaffirmed the right to development as a universal and inalienable right and an  integral part of fundamental human rights and the individual as the central subject  and beneficiary of development,    Reaffirming the objective of making the right to development a reality for  everyone, as set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by the  General Assembly on 8 September 2000,4   _______________  1 Resolution 217 A (III).  2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.  3 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III.  4 Resolution 55/2.   A/RES/70/155  The right to development   2/10    Deeply concerned that the majority of indigenous peoples in the world live in  conditions of poverty, and recognizing the critical need to address the negative  impact of poverty and inequity on indigenous peoples by ensuring their full and  effective inclusion in development and poverty eradication programmes,    Recalling the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as  the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples and its outcome document, 5    Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility, interrelatedness, interdependence  and mutually reinforcing nature of all civil, cultural, economic, political and social  rights, including the right to development,    Expressing deep concern over the lack of substantial progress in the trade  negotiations of the World Trade Organization, and calling upon all members of the  World Trade Organization to redouble their efforts to promptly conclude the  negotiations on the Doha Development Agenda, 6  taking into account that  international trade is an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction  and contributes to the promotion of sustainable development,    Recalling the outcome of the twelfth session of the United Nations Conference  on Trade and Development, held in Accra from 20 to 25 April 2008, on the theme  “Addressing the opportunities and challenges of globalization for development”, 7    Recalling also all its previous resolutions, Human Rights Council resolutions  and those of the Commission on Human Rights on the right to development, in  particular Commission resolution 1998/72 of 22 April 19988 on the urgent need to  make further progress towards the realization of the right to development,    Recalling further the outcome of the eleventh session of the Working Group on  the Right to Development of the Human Rights Council, held in Geneva from 26 to  30 April 2010, as contained in the report of the Working Group 9 and as referred to in  the report of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for  Human Rights,10    Recalling the Sixteenth Conference of Heads of State or Government of   Non-Aligned Countries, held in Tehran from 26 to 31 August 2012, and the previous  summits and conferences at which the States members of the Movement of   Non-Aligned Countries stressed the need to operationalize the right to development  as a priority, including through the elaboration of a convention on the right to  development by the relevant machinery, taking into account the recommendations of  relevant initiatives,    Reiterating its continuing support for the New Partnership for Africa’s  Development11 as a development framework for Africa,    Expressing its appreciation for the efforts of the Chair-Rapporteur of the  Working Group on the Right to Development and the members of the high-level task  _______________  5 Resolution 69/2.  6 See A/C.2/56/7, annex.  7 See TD/442 and Corr.1 and 2.  8 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 3 (E/1998/23), chap. II,  sect. A.  9 A/HRC/15/23.  10 A/HRC/15/24.  11 A/57/304, annex.   The right to development  A/RES/70/155   3/10  force on the implementation of the right to development in completing the 2008– 2010 three-phase road map established by the Human Rights Council in its  resolution 4/4 of 30 March 2007,12    Deeply concerned about the negative impacts of the global economic and  financial crises on the realization of the right to development,    Recognizing that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human  rights, the lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of  internationally recognized human rights,    Recognizing also that Member States should cooperate with one another in  ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development, that the  international community should promote effective international cooperation for the  realization of the right to development and the elimination of obstacles to  development and that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to  development requires effective development policies at the national level, as well as  equitable economic relations and a favourable economic environment at the  international level,    Recognizing further that poverty is an affront to human dignity,    Recognizing that extreme poverty and hunger are among the greatest global  threats and require the collective commitment of the international community for  their eradication, pursuant to Millennium Development Goal 1 and Sustainable  Development Goals 1 and 2, and therefore calling upon the international  community, including the Human Rights Council, to contribute towards achieving  that goal,    Recognizing also that historical injustices, inter alia, have contributed to the  poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion, economic disparity,  instability and insecurity that affect many people in different parts of the world, in  particular in developing countries,    Recognizing further that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions,  including extreme poverty, is one of the critical elements in the promotion and  realization of the right to development and is the greatest global challenge and an  indispensable requirement for sustainable development, which requires a  multifaceted and integrated approach, and committed to achieving sustainable  development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a  balanced and integrated manner,    Emphasizing that all human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the  right to development, are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated,    Emphasizing also that the right to development should be central to the  implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 13    Welcoming the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,  reaffirming that the Declaration on the Right to Development informed the 2030  Agenda, along with other relevant international instruments, and underlining the fact  that the Sustainable Development Goals can be realized only through a credible,  _______________  12 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53),  chap. III, sect. A.  13 Resolution 70/1.   A/RES/70/155  The right to development   4/10  effective and universal commitment to the means of implementation by all  stakeholders,    Stressing that the thirtieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to  Development presents a unique opportunity for the international community to  demonstrate and reiterate its unequivocal commitment to the right to development,  recognizing the high profile that it deserves, and redoubling its efforts to implement  this right,    1.  Takes note of the consolidated report of the Secretary-General and the  United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights concerning the promotion  and realization of the right to development;14    2.  Recognizes the significance of all the events held to commemorate the  twenty-fifth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right to Development, 15  including the panel discussion on the theme “The way forward in the realization of  the right to development: between policy and practice”, held during the eighteenth  session of the Human Rights Council;    3.  Acknowledges the need to strive for greater acceptance, operationalization  and realization of the right to development at the international level while urging all  States to undertake at the national level the necessary policy formulation and to  institute the measures required for the implementation of the right to development as  an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;    4.  Supports the realization of the mandate of the Working Group on the  Right to Development, as renewed by the Human Rights Council in its resolution  9/3 of 24 September 2008,16 and recognizes the need for renewed efforts towards  intensifying deliberations in the Working Group to fulfil its mandate at the earliest,  while welcoming the commencement of the second reading of the draft criteria and  corresponding operational subcriteria;    5.  Reaffirms the recommendations adopted by the Working Group at its  fourteenth session,17 and calls for their immediate, full and effective implementation  by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other  relevant actors, noting also the efforts under way within the framework of the  Working Group with a view to completing the tasks entrusted to it by the Council in  its resolution 4/4;12    6.  Emphasizes the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution  60/251 of 15 March 2006 establishing the Human Rights Council, and in this regard  calls upon the Council to implement the agreement to continue to act to ensure that  its agenda promotes and advances sustainable development and the achievement of  the Millennium Development Goals, and also in this regard to lead the raising of the  right to development, as set out in paragraphs 5 and 10 of the Vienna Declaration  and Programme of Action,3 to the same level as and on a par with all other human  rights and fundamental freedoms;    7.  Stresses that the views, criteria and corresponding operational  subcriteria, once considered, revised and endorsed by the Working Group, should be  _______________  14 A/HRC/30/22.  15 Resolution 41/128, annex.  16  See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 53A  (A/63/53/Add.1), chap. I.  17 A/HRC/24/37.   The right to development  A/RES/70/155   5/10  used, as appropriate, in the elaboration of a comprehensive and coherent set of  standards for the implementation of the right to development;    8.  Emphasizes the importance of the Working Group taking appropriate  steps to ensure respect for and practical application of the above-mentioned  standards, which could take various forms, including the elaboration of guidelines  on the implementation of the right to development, and evolve into a basis for the  consideration of an international legal standard of a binding nature through a  collaborative process of engagement;    9.  Recalls the request made to the Working Group to consider at its  seventeenth session a document, to be produced by its Chair-Rapporteur, containing  a set of standards for the implementation of the right to development based on  relevant United Nations resolutions and documents, including the Declaration on the  Right to Development, relevant international conventions and decisions as well as  internationally agreed development goals and United Nations resolutions, in  consultation with Member States, relevant international organizations and other  stakeholders;    10. Also recalls that the above-mentioned document would be prepared  without prejudice to the ongoing discussions on the criteria and operational  subcriteria, in the context of which the Working Group shall complete its second  reading at its seventeenth session and decide on further action thereafter, with the  objective of elaborating a comprehensive and coherent set of standards for the  implementation of the right to development;    11.  Decides to convene a two-day formal meeting of the Working Group,  after its seventeenth session, to consider further and discuss the document  containing the draft set of standards;    12. Stresses the importance of the core principles contained in the  conclusions of the Working Group at its third session18 that are congruent with the  purpose of international human rights instruments, such as equality, non- discrimination, accountability, participation and international cooperation, as critical  to mainstreaming the right to development at the national and international levels,  and underlines the importance of the principles of equity and transparency;    13. Also stresses that it is important that the Chair-Rapporteur and the  Working Group, in the discharge of their mandates, take into account the need:    (a)  To promote the democratization of the system of international governance  in order to increase the effective participation of developing countries in international  decision-making;    (b)  To also promote effective partnerships such as the New Partnership for  Africa’s Development11 and other similar initiatives with the developing countries,  particularly the least developed countries, for the purpose of the realization of their  right to development, including the achievement of the Millennium Development  Goals;    (c)  To strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the  right to development at the international level, while urging all States to undertake  at the national level the necessary policy formulation and to institute the measures  required for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all  _______________  18 See E/CN.4/2002/28/Rev.1, sect. VIII.A.   A/RES/70/155  The right to development   6/10  human rights and fundamental freedoms, and also while urging all States to expand  and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in ensuring development and  eliminating obstacles to development in the context of promoting effective  international cooperation for the realization of the right to development, bearing in  mind that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development  requires effective development policies at the national level and a favourable  economic environment at the international level;    (d)  To consider ways and means to continue to ensure the operationalization  of the right to development as a priority;    (e)  To mainstream the right to development in the policies and operational  activities of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, funds and  programmes, as well as in the policies and strategies of the international financial  and multilateral trading systems, bearing in mind in this regard that the core  principles of the international economic, commercial and financial spheres, such as  equity,  non-discrimination,  transparency,  accountability,  participation  and  international cooperation, including effective partnerships for development, are  indispensable in achieving the right to development and preventing discriminatory  treatment arising from political or other non-economic considerations in addressing  the issues of concern to the developing countries;    14. Encourages the Human Rights Council to continue to consider how to  ensure follow-up to the work of the former Subcommission on the Promotion and  Protection of Human Rights on the right to development, in accordance with the  relevant provisions of the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the  Commission on Human Rights and in compliance with decisions to be taken by the  Council;    15. Reaffirms the commitment to implement the goals and targets set out in  all the outcome documents of the major United Nations conferences and summits  and their review processes, in particular those relating to the realization of the right  to development, recognizing that the realization of the right to development is  critical to achieving the objectives, goals and targets set in those outcome  documents;    16. Also reaffirms that the realization of the right to development is essential  to the implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which  regards all human rights as universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated,  places the human person at the centre of development and recognizes that, while  development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, lack of development may  not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human  rights;    17. Stresses that the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection  of all human rights lies with the State, and reaffirms that States have the primary  responsibility for their own economic and social development and that the role of  national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized;    18. Reaffirms the primary responsibility of States to create national and  international conditions favourable to the realization of the right to development, as  well as their commitment to cooperate with one another to that end;    19. Expresses concern about the increasing cases of human rights violations  and abuses by some transnational corporations and other business enterprises,  underlines the need to ensure that appropriate protection, justice and remedies are  provided to the victims of human rights violations and abuses resulting from their   The right to development  A/RES/70/155   7/10  activities, and underscores the fact that these entities must contribute to the means  of implementation for the realization of the right to development;    20. Reaffirms the need for an international environment that is conducive to  the realization of the right to development;    21. Stresses the need to strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and  realization of the right to development at the international and national levels, and  calls upon all States to institute the measures required for the implementation of the  right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental  freedoms;    22. Emphasizes the critical importance of identifying and analysing obstacles  impeding the full realization of the right to development at both the national and  international levels;    23. Affirms that, while globalization offers both opportunities and challenges,  the process of globalization remains deficient in achieving the objectives of  integrating all countries into a globalized world, stresses the need for policies and  measures at the national and global levels to respond to the challenges and  opportunities of globalization if this process is to be made fully inclusive and  equitable, recognizes that globalization has brought disparities between and within  countries and that issues such as trade and trade liberalization, transfer of  technology, infrastructure development and market access should be managed  effectively in order to mitigate the challenges of poverty and underdevelopment and  to make the right to development a reality for everyone;    24. Recognizes that, despite continuous efforts on the part of the  international community, the gap between developed and developing countries  remains unacceptably wide, that most of the developing countries continue to face  difficulties in participating in the globalization process and that many risk being  marginalized and effectively excluded from its benefits;    25. Expresses its deep concern, in this regard, about the negative impact on  the realization of the right to development due to the further aggravation of the  economic and social situation, in particular of developing countries, as a result of  the ongoing international energy, food and financial crises, as well as the increasing  challenges posed by global climate change and the loss of biodiversity, which have  increased vulnerabilities and inequalities and have adversely affected development  gains, in particular in developing countries;    26. Recalls the commitment in the United Nations Millennium Declaration4  of halving the number of people living in poverty by 2015, notes with concern that  some developing countries have failed to achieve the Millennium Development  Goals, and in this regard invites Member States and the international community to  take proactive measures aimed at creating a conducive environment to contribute to  the effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in  particular increasing international cooperation, including partnership and commitment,  between developed and developing countries towards achieving the goals;    27. Urges developed countries that have not yet done so to make concrete  efforts towards meeting the targets of 0.7 per cent of their gross national product for  official development assistance to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of  their gross national product to least developed countries, and encourages developing  countries to build on the progress achieved in ensuring that official development  assistance is used effectively to help to meet development goals and targets;   A/RES/70/155  The right to development   8/10    28. Recognizes the need to address market access for developing countries,  including in the sectors of agriculture, services and non-agricultural products, in  particular those of interest to developing countries;    29. Calls once again for the implementation of a desirable pace of  meaningful trade liberalization, including in areas under negotiation in the World  Trade Organization, the implementation of commitments on implementation-related  issues and concerns, a review of special and differential treatment provisions, with a  view to strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and  operational, the avoidance of new forms of protectionism, and capacity-building and  technical assistance for developing countries as important issues in making progress  towards the effective implementation of the right to development;    30. Recognizes the important link between the international economic,  commercial and financial spheres and the realization of the right to development,  stresses in this regard the need for good governance and for broadening the base of  decision-making at the international level on issues of development concern and the  need to fill organizational gaps, as well as to strengthen the United Nations system  and other multilateral institutions, and also stresses the need to broaden and  strengthen the participation of developing countries and countries with economies in  transition in international economic decision-making and norm-setting;    31. Also recognizes that good governance and the rule of law at the national  level assist all States in the promotion and protection of human rights, including the  right to development, and agrees on the value of the ongoing efforts being made by  States to identify and strengthen good governance practices, including transparent,  responsible, accountable and participatory government, that are responsive and  appropriate to their needs and aspirations, including in the context of agreed  partnership approaches to development, capacity-building and technical assistance;    32. Further recognizes the important role and the rights of women and the  application of a gender perspective as a cross-cutting issue in the process of  realizing the right to development, and notes in particular the positive relationship  between the education of women and their equal participation in the civil, cultural,  economic, political and social activities of the community and the promotion of the  right to development;    33. Stresses the need for the integration of the rights of children, girls and  boys alike, in all policies and programmes and for ensuring the promotion and  protection of those rights, especially in areas relating to health, education and the  full development of their capacities;    34. Recalls the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our  Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS, adopted on 10 June 2011 at the high-level  meeting of the General Assembly on HIV and AIDS, 19 stresses that further and  additional measures must be taken at the national and international levels to fight  HIV and AIDS and other communicable diseases, taking into account ongoing  efforts and programmes, and reiterates the need for international assistance in this  regard;    35. Welcomes the political declaration of the high-level meeting of the  General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases,  _______________  19 Resolution 65/277, annex.   The right to development  A/RES/70/155   9/10  adopted on 19 September 2011,20 with its particular focus on development and other  challenges and social and economic impacts, particularly for developing countries;    36. Recalls the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on  Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”; 21    37. Also recalls the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,22  which entered into force on 3 May 2008, and stresses the need to take into  consideration the rights of persons with disabilities and the importance of  international cooperation in support of national efforts in the realization of the right  to development;    38. Stresses its commitment to indigenous peoples in the process of the  realization of the right to development, reaffirms the commitment to promote their  rights in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining,  housing, sanitation, health and social security, in accordance with recognized  international human rights obligations, and taking into account, as appropriate, the  United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the  General Assembly in its resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007, and in this regard  recalls the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as the World  Conference on Indigenous Peoples, held in 2014;    39. Recognizes the need for strong partnerships with civil society  organizations and the private sector in pursuit of poverty eradication and  development, as well as for corporate social responsibility;    40. Emphasizes the urgent need to take concrete and effective measures to  prevent, combat and criminalize all forms of corruption at all levels, to prevent,  detect and deter in a more effective manner international transfers of illicitly  acquired assets and to strengthen international cooperation in asset recovery,  consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against  Corruption, 23 particularly chapter V thereof, stresses the importance of a genuine  political commitment on the part of all Governments through a firm legal  framework, and in this context urges States to sign and ratify the Convention as  soon as possible and States parties to implement it effectively;    41. Also emphasizes the need to strengthen further the activities of the Office  of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the promotion and  realization of the right to development, including by ensuring the effective use of  the financial and human resources necessary to fulfil its mandate, and calls upon the  Secretary-General to provide the Office with the necessary resources;    42. Reaffirms the request to the High Commissioner, in mainstreaming the  right to development, to effectively undertake activities aimed at strengthening the  global partnership for development among Member States, development agencies  and the international development, financial and trade institutions and to reflect  those activities in detail in his next report to the Human Rights Council;    43. Calls upon the United Nations funds and programmes, as well as the  specialized agencies, to mainstream the right to development in their operational  _______________  20 Resolution 66/2, annex.  21 Resolution 66/288, annex.  22 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.  23 Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.   A/RES/70/155  The right to development   10/10  programmes and objectives, and stresses the need for the international financial and  multilateral trading systems to mainstream the right to development in their policies  and objectives;    44. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the  attention of Member States, United Nations organs and bodies, the specialized  agencies, funds and programmes, international development and financial  institutions, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non-governmental  organizations;    45. Supports the decision of the Human Rights Council, as part of the  activities to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Right  to Development, to request the High Commissioner to seek the views of Member  States in preparing a paper on the realization and implementation of the right to  development, as elaborated in the Declaration, in particular its article 4;    46. Decides to convene a one-day high-level segment of the General  Assembly, in the margins of the general debate of the Assembly at its seventy-first  session, in order to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the Declaration on the  Right to Development;    47. Encourages Member States, individually and collectively, to convene  events with their own resources for the commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary  of the Declaration on the Right to Development;    48. Also encourages Member States to give particular consideration to the  right to development in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable  Development;    49. Notes that the theme of the Human Rights Council high-level panel on  human rights mainstreaming, to be held during the thirty-first session of the  Council, in March 2016, will be “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development  and human rights, with an emphasis on the right to development”;    50. Encourages relevant bodies of the United Nations system, within their  respective mandates, including United Nations funds and programmes and the  specialized agencies, relevant international organizations, including the World Trade  Organization and relevant stakeholders, including civil society organizations, to  give due consideration to the right to development in the implementation of the  2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to contribute further to the work of the  Working Group on the Right to Development and to cooperate with the High  Commissioner in the fulfilment of his mandate with regard to the implementation of  the right to development;    51. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General  Assembly at its seventy-first session and an interim report to the Human Rights  Council on the implementation of the present resolution, including efforts  undertaken at the national, regional and international levels in the promotion and  realization of the right to development, and invites the Chair-Rapporteur of the  Working Group to present an oral report and to engage in an interactive dialogue  with the Assembly at its seventy-first session.