Resolution adopted by the General Assembly  on 15 December 2022          [on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/463/Add.3, para. 29)]       77/230. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic        The General Assembly,    Guided by the Charter of the United Nations,    Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter, the Universal  Declaration of Human Rights1 and relevant international human rights treaties,  including the International Covenants on Human Rights, 2     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and  territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic and to the principles of the Charter,  and strongly demanding that the Syrian regime meet its responsibility to protect the  Syrian population and to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of all persons  within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction,     Recalling its resolutions 66/176 of 19 December 2011, 66/253 A of 16 February  2012, 66/253 B of 3 August 2012, 67/183 of 20 December 2012, 67/262 of 15 May  2013, 68/182 of 18 December 2013, 69/189 of 18 December 2014, 70/234 of  23 December 2015, 71/130 of 9 December 2016, 71/203 of 19 December 2016,  71/248 of 21 December 2016, 73/182 of 17 December 2018, 74/169 of 18 December  2019, 74/262 of 27 December 2019, 75/193 of 16 December 2020 and 76/228 of  24 December 2021, Human Rights Council resolutions S-16/1 of 29 April 2011,3  __________________    1 Resolution 217 A (III).    2 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.    3 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53),  chap. I.   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 2/17    S-17/1 of 23 August 2011,4 S-18/1 of 2 December 2011,5 19/1 of 1 March 2012,6 19/22  of 23 March 2012,7 S-19/1 of 1 June 2012,8 20/22 of 6 July 2012,9 21/26 of  28 September 2012,10 22/24 of 22 March 2013,11 23/1 of 29 May 2013,12 23/26 of  14 June 2013,13 24/22 of 27 September 2013,14 25/23 of 28 March 2014,15 26/23 of  27 June 2014,16 27/16 of 25 September 2014,17 28/20 of 27 March 2015,18 29/16 of  2 July 2015,19 30/10 of 1 October 2015,20 31/17 of 23 March 2016,21 32/25 of 1 July  2016,22 33/23 of 30 September 2016,23 S-25/1 of 21 October 2016,24 34/26 of  24 March 2017,25 35/26 of 23 June 2017,26 36/20 of 29 September 2017,27 39/15 of  28 September 2018,28 40/17 of 22 March 2019,29 41/23 of 12 July 2019,30 42/27 of  27 September 2019,31 43/28 of 22 June 2020,32 44/21 of 17 July 2020,33 45/21 of  6 October 2020,34 46/22 of 24 March 2021,35 47/18 of 13 July 2021,36 48/15 of  8 October 2021,37 49/27 of 1 April 2022,38 50/19 of 8 July 202239 and 51/26 of  7 October 2022,40 Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, 2042  (2012) of 14 April 2012, 2043 (2012) of 21 April 2012, 2118 (2013) of 27 September  2013, 2139 (2014) of 22 February 2014, 2165 (2014) of 14 July 2014, 2170 (2014) of  15 August 2014, 2178 (2014) of 24 September 2014, 2191 (2014) of 17 December  2014, 2209 (2015) of 6 March 2015, 2235 (2015) of 7 August 2015, 2242 (2015) of  13 October 2015, 2254 (2015) of 18 December 2015, 2258 (2015) of 22 December  2015, 2268 (2016) of 26 February 2016, 2286 (2016) of 3 May 2016, 2314 (2016) of  31 October 2016, 2319 (2016) of 17 November 2016, 2328 (2016) of 19 December  __________________    4 Ibid.    5 Ibid., Supplement No. 53B and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.2 and A/66/53/Add.2/Corr.1), chap. II.    6 Ibid., Sixty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/67/53 and A/67/53/Corr.1),  chap. III, sect. A.    7 Ibid.    8 Ibid., chap. V.    9 Ibid., chap. IV, sect. A.    10 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/67/53/Add.1), chap. III.    11 Ibid., Sixty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/68/53), chap. IV, sect. A.    12 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A.    13 Ibid.    14 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/68/53/Add.1), chap. III.    15 Ibid., Sixty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/69/53), chap. IV, sect. A.    16 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A.    17 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A and corrigenda (A/69/53/Add.1, A/69/53/Add.1/Corr.1 and  A/69/53/Add.1/Corr.2), chap. IV, sect. A.    18 Ibid., Seventieth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/70/53), chap. II.    19 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A.    20 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/70/53/Add.1), chap. II.    21 Ibid., Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/71/53), chap. II.    22 Ibid., chap. IV, sect. A.    23 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/71/53/Add.1 and A/71/53/Add.1/Corr.1), chap. II.    24 Ibid., Supplement No. 53B and corrigendum (A/71/53/Add.2 and A/71/53/Add.2/Corr.1), chap. II.    25 Ibid., Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/72/53), chap. II.    26 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A.    27 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/72/53/Add.1), chap. III.    28 Ibid., Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/73/53/Add.1), chap. III.    29 Ibid., Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/74/53), chap. IV, sect. A.    30 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A.    31 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/74/53/Add.1), chap. III.    32 Ibid., Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/75/53), chap. IV, sect. A.    33 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A.    34 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/75/53/Add.1), chap. III.    35 Ibid., Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/76/53), chap. V, sect. A.    36 Ibid., chap. VII, sect. A.    37 Ibid. Supplement No. 53A (A/76/53/Add.1), chap. IV, sect. A.    38 Ibid., Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/77/53), chap. VI, sect. A.    39 Ibid., chap. VIII, sect. A.    40 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/77/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A.   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   3/17 22-28996    2016, 2332 (2016) of 21 December 2016, 2336 (2016) of 31 December 2016, 2393  (2017) of 19 December 2017, 2401 (2018) of 24 February 2018, 2449 (2018) of  13 December 2018, 2504 (2020) of 10 January 2020, 2533 (2020) of 11 July 2020,  2585 (2021) of 9 July 2021 and 2642 (2022) of 12 July 2022, and the statements by  the President of the Security Council of 3 August 2011,41 2 October 2013,42 17 August  201543 and 8 October 2019,44     Deploring the fact that March 2022 marked 11 years since the peaceful uprising  and its brutal repression that led to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, which  has had and continues to have a devastating impact on civilians, including through  grave violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of  international humanitarian law,     Strongly condemning the grave human rights situation in the Syrian Arab  Republic, the indiscriminate killing and deliberate targeting of civilians, including  humanitarian workers, including those involving the continued indiscriminate use of  heavy weapons and aerial bombardments, which has caused more than 500,000  fatalities, including the killing of more than 29,000 children, the continued  widespread and systematic gross violations, as well as abuses, of human rights and  violations of international humanitarian law, including by the starvation of civilians  as a method of warfare and the use of chemical weapons, including sarin and chlorine  gas, and sulfur mustard, which are prohibited under international law, and acts of  violence by the Syrian regime that foment sectarian tensions within the Syrian  population,     Welcoming the work of the Investigation and Identification Team of the  Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, noting its findings in its two  reports to date, and anticipating the publication of its reports into further chemical  weapons attacks, including those perpetrated in Mari‘ on 1 September 2015 and in  Duma on 7 April 2018,     Noting with grave concern that the Office of the United Nations High  Commissioner for Human Rights has identified 306,887 civilians by full name,  together with an established date of death and location, who were killed in the conflict  in the Syrian Arab Republic between March 2011 and March 2022 and that, of those  identified, 26,727 were women and 27,126 were children, recalling also that the list  compiled by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights  indicates a minimum verifiable number and is certainly an undercount of the actual  number of killings,    Recalling its demand that all parties, especially the Syrian regime, take all  appropriate steps to protect civilians, including members of ethnic and religious  communities,    Reiterating that the only sustainable solution to the current crisis in the Syrian  Arab Republic is through an inclusive and Syrian-led political process, under the  auspices of the United Nations, that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian  people in line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), with a view to  establishing credible, inclusive and non-sectarian governance, with the full, equal and  meaningful participation and leadership of all women and youth at all levels,  __________________    41 S/PRST/2011/16; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2011–31 July  2012 (S/INF/67).    42 S/PRST/2013/15; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2013–31 July  2014 (S/INF/69).    43 S/PRST/2015/15; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2015–31 December  2016 (S/INF/71).    44 S/PRST/2019/12.   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 4/17    welcoming the establishment of the Constitutional Committee, reaffirming in this  regard the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and  in peacebuilding, stressing the importance of their full, equal and meaningful  participation and involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of  peace and security and their role in decision-making with regard to conflict prevention  and resolution, and recognizing the work carried out by the Special Envoy of the  Secretary-General for Syria to that end,    Expressing concern that the implementation of Security Council resolutions  2254 (2015) and 2268 (2016) remains unresolved,     Reiterating the urgent need to strengthen efforts to address the humanitarian  situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, including through the protection of civilians  and safe, full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained humanitarian access throughout  the Syrian Arab Republic, including through the continuation of cross-border  assistance, as recalled by the Security Council in its resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165  (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2286 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449  (2018), 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022),    Welcoming the efforts of the Special Envoy to advance United Nations efforts  to achieve a sustainable political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic  in line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), recalling the importance of  advancing the work of the Constitutional Committee and achieving tangible results,  and in that regard urging all parties to engage meaningfully in the work of the  Constitutional Committee, particularly the Syrian regime, and underlining that a  political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic requires full  implementation of all aspects of resolution 2254 (2015), including the holding of free  and fair elections, under the supervision of the United Nations, to the satisfaction of  the governance and to the highest international standards of transparency and  accountability, with all Syrians, including displaced persons, refugees and members  of the diaspora, eligible to participate, as well as the establishment of a neutral and  safe environment, noting that the 2021 presidential elections held in the Syrian Arab  Republic were neither free, fair, nor consistent with the political process called for by  the Council in its resolution 2254 (2015),    Reconfirming its endorsement of the Geneva communiqué of 30 June 2012, 45  endorsing the joint statement on the outcome of the multilateral talks on Syria held in  Vienna of 30 October 2015 and the statement of the International Syria Support Group  of 14 November 2015 (the Vienna statements) in pursuit of the full implementation  of the Geneva communiqué, facilitated by the Special Envoy, as the basis for a Syrian- led and Syrian-owned political transition in order to end the conflict in the Syrian  Arab Republic, and stressing that the Syrian people will decide the future of the  Syrian Arab Republic,    Welcoming the call made by the Secretary-General for a global ceasefire and  that of the Special Envoy for a complete, immediate and nationwide ceasefire  throughout the Syrian Arab Republic, as endorsed by the Security Council in its  resolutions 2532 (2020) of 1 July 2020 and 2565 (2021) of 26 February 2021, and  reaffirming that Member States must ensure that any measures taken to counter  terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law, in particular  international human rights law, international refugee law and international  humanitarian law, while continuing to support legitimate counter-terrorism operations  against Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da’esh), Al-Qaida  and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the Nusrah Front), and all other  __________________    45 Security Council resolution 2118 (2013), annex II.   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   5/17 22-28996    individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida or ISIL, and  other terrorist groups, which have been designated by the Security Council,    Urging all parties, particularly the Syrian regime, to engage meaningfully in the  political process under the auspices of the Special Envoy and his office in Geneva, in  line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), and including the full, equal and  meaningful participation and representation of women, and by girls as appropriate, in  all efforts and decisions, expressing concern for the delays in the Syrian-led and  Syrian-owned Constitutional Committee convened and facilitated by the Special  Envoy in Geneva, and strongly urging the regime to engage in the United Nations- facilitated Constitutional Committee in line with the agreed terms of reference and  rules of procedure,     Reaffirming the importance of the full implementation of the women, peace and  security agenda of the Security Council, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1325  (2000), and its nine subsequent resolutions, in this regard, and welcoming the  inclusion of civil society in the political process, in particular through the Civil  Society Support Room and Syrian Women’s Advisory Board,    Recognizing that women and girls have been disproportionately affected by  conflict and continue to be among the worst affected and on multiple grounds,  including women becoming the main or sole breadwinners for their families, a  situation that may be exacerbated by the disappearance of their loved ones, while  facing increased caregiving responsibilities and alarming levels of violence,    Noting with deep concern the culture of impunity from within the Syrian regime  for the most serious violations of international law and violations and abuses of  human rights law committed during the present conflict, some of which rise to the  level of war crimes and crimes against humanity, which has provided a fertile ground  for further violations and abuses,    Emphasizing the importance of accountability for the most serious crimes in  violation of international law committed during the conflict for ensuring sustainable  peace,     Recalling all relevant resolutions on the safety and security of humanitarian  personnel and the protection of United Nations personnel, including its resolution  73/137 of 14 December 2018, as well as Security Council resolutions on the  protection of humanitarian personnel, including resolutions 2175 (2014) of 29 August  2014 and 2286 (2016) of 3 May 2016, the relevant statements by the President of the  Security Council referring to the specific obligations under international  humanitarian law to respect and protect, in situations of armed conflict, all medical  personnel and humanitarian workers exclusively engaged in medical duties, their  means of transport, equipment, hospitals and other medical facilities, and to ensure  that the wounded and sick receive, to the fullest extent practicable and with the least  possible delay, the medical care and attention required, and condemning attacks  against hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, including  makeshift hospitals, as well as attacks against medical personnel and humanitarian  workers that are in violation of international humanitarian law,    Expressing grave concern at the continued indiscriminate use of force by the  Syrian regime against civilians, which continues to cause immense human suffering  and fomented the spread of violent extremism and violent extremist groups and which  demonstrates the continuing failure of the Syrian regime to protect the population and  implement the relevant resolutions and decisions of United Nations bodies and has  created a safe haven and operating environment for perpetrators of war crimes and  crimes against humanity,   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 6/17      Expressing grave concern also at the remaining presence of violent extremism  and violent extremist groups, terrorists and terrorist groups, and strongly condemning  all violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian  law committed in the Syrian Arab Republic by any party to the conflict, in particular  ISIL (also known as Da’esh), Al-Qaida-affiliated terrorist groups, armed groups and  non-State actors, and also the Syrian regime and its allies,    Expressing support for the work carried out by the Independent International  Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, welcoming its reports, strongly  condemning the continued lack of cooperation by the Syrian regime with the  Commission of Inquiry, reiterating its decision to transmit the reports of the  Commission of Inquiry to the Security Council, expressing its appreciation to the  Commission of Inquiry for its briefings to members of the Security Council, and  requesting that the Commission of Inquiry continue to brief the General Assembly and  members of the Security Council,    Condemning in the strongest possible terms the fact that chemical weapons have  been used repeatedly in the Syrian Arab Republic, including the instances  independently attributed by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical  Weapons, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons-United Nations  Joint Investigative Mechanism and the Investigation and Identification Team of the  Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, noting that the Joint  Investigative Mechanism concluded that the Syrian Arab Armed Forces had been  responsible for attacks that released toxic substances in 2014 and 2015 and that ISIL  (also known as Da’esh) had used sulfur mustard in 2015 and 2016, and further  concluded in October 2017 that the Syrian Arab Air Force had been responsible for  the use of chemical weapons on 4 April 2017 in Khan Shaykhun, and noting also that  the Investigation and Identification Team concluded in April 2020 that there were  reasonable grounds to believe that the Syrian Air Force had carried out three chemical  weapons attacks in Ltamenah in March 2017 and further concluded in April 2021 that  there were reasonable grounds to believe the Syrian Air Force had carried out a  chemical weapons attack in Saraqib in February 2018,    Welcoming the reports for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 of the International,  Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution  of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law  Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011 46 and their consideration  by the General Assembly, noting with serious concern the observation of the  Commission of Inquiry that, since March 2011, there are reasonable grounds to  believe that the Syrian regime has conducted widespread and systemic attacks against  the civilian population amounting to war crimes and crimes against humanity,  including targeted attacks on protected persons and objects, including medical  facilities, and personnel and transport and blocked humanitarian convoys, as well as  enforced disappearances, torture in detention, arbitrary detentions, summary  executions and other violations and abuses, and underscoring the need for those  allegations to be examined and evidence to be collected and made available for future  accountability efforts,    Noting with serious concern the findings of the Independent International  Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic that non-State armed groups still  resort to the use of force against civilians,    Expressing grave concern about all persons missing as a result of the situation  in the Syrian Arab Republic, including those subject to abductions, enforced  disappearance and arbitrary detention, first and foremost by the Syrian regime, noting  __________________    46 A/73/295, A/73/741, A/74/313, A/74/699, A/75/311, A/75/743 and A/76/690.   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   7/17 22-28996    the comments of the Commission of Inquiry and the Special Envoy of the Secretary- General for Syria that at least 100,000 people are estimated to be missing in the Syrian  Arab Republic, recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 45/3 of 6 October 2020,47  48/15 and 51/26 and Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2139 (2014) and 2191  (2014) in this regard, and encouraging all parties to enhance engagement with the  Office of the Special Envoy on the issue of arbitrary detention, as action to address  enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention is intrinsically linked to protecting the  rights of all Syrians and a lasting political settlement in the Syrian Arab Republic,    Strongly condemning the reported killing of detainees in Syrian military  intelligence facilities and the widespread practice of enforced disappearance,  arbitrary detention and the use of sexual and gender-based violence and torture in  detention centres referred to in the reports of the Commission of Inquiry,     Noting that, consistent with Security Council resolution 2474 (2019) of 11 June  2019, States bear the primary responsibility to respect and ensure the human rights of  all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, and that parties  to armed conflict bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible measures to  account for persons reported missing as a result of hostilities and to put in place  appropriate channels enabling response and communication with families on the  search process, and noting also that, in the same resolution, the Council called upon  parties to armed conflict to take steps to prevent persons from going missing as a  result of armed conflict,    Urging the Syrian regime to provide families with the remains of their relatives  whose fate has been disclosed, including those who have been summarily executed,  to take all appropriate measures immediately to protect the lives and rights of all  persons currently detained or unaccounted for, and to clarify the fate of those who  remain missing or are still in custody, in accordance with Security Council resolution  2474 (2019), many of whom still remain in detention and are highly vulnerable to the  coronavirus disease (COVID-19) owing to overcrowded conditions and pre-existing  health issues, such as widespread malnutrition and tuberculosis, despite calls from  the Secretary-General, the Special Envoy and the international community for the  large-scale release of detainees in the Syrian Arab Republic to mitigate the spread of  the virus,    Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General on missing persons in the Syrian  Arab Republic,48 and underscoring the report’s finding that any measure towards  addressing the continuing tragedy of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic  requires a coherent and holistic approach going beyond current efforts, which must  be inclusive and centred on victims,    Recalling the statements made by the Secretary-General, the United Nations  High Commissioner for Human Rights and the special procedures of the Human  Rights Council that crimes against humanity and war crimes are likely to have been  committed in the Syrian Arab Republic, noting the repeated encouragement by the  High Commissioner for the Security Council to refer the situation to the International  Criminal Court, and regretting that a draft resolution 49 was not adopted,  notwithstanding broad support from Member States,     Recalling also the report of 6 April 2020 of the United Nations Board of  Inquiry50 into strikes that damaged and destroyed health-care facilities in the north- __________________    47 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A  (A/75/53/Add.1), chap. III.    48 A/76/890.    49 S/2014/348.    50 See S/2020/278, annex.   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 8/17    west of the Syrian Arab Republic, including sites whose coordinates had been  recorded on the United Nations deconfliction list as a step to ensure that they would  not be targeted or impacted by violence, and which in most instances examined,  concluded that it was “highly probable that the strikes had been carried out by the  Government of the Syrian Arab Republic and/or its allies” and found that health-care  services were being provided at the time of some of the strikes and that there were no  armed opposition groups in or near the facilities, and calling upon all parties to adhere  to and comply with the deconfliction mechanism,    Recalling further the report of March 2021 of the Independent International  Commission of Inquiry51 reporting regime and pro-regime forces’ indiscriminate  bombardment of civilian populated areas and deliberate targeting of hospitals and  medical facilities, and areas with large civilian concentrations, including markets,  schools and neighbourhoods, and concluding that government forces had committed  war crimes and crimes against humanity in the conduct of their use of air strikes and  artillery shelling of civilian areas,    Emphasizing that the humanitarian cross-border mechanism remains an  essential and life-saving channel to address the humanitarian needs of a significant  portion of the population of the Syrian Arab Republic, which cannot be reached  through existing operations within the Syrian Arab Republic, and emphasizing the  importance of cross-line operations and that an immediate and significant  improvement in cross-line access to all parts of the Syrian Arab Republic and respect  for principled humanitarian action are essential to prevent further unnecessary  suffering and loss of life,    Recalling its commitment to Security Council resolutions 2170 (2014),  2178 (2014) and 2253 (2015) of 17 December 2015,    Alarmed that more than 5.6 million refugees, including more than 3.8 million  women and children, have been forced to flee the Syrian Arab Republic and that  11.1 million people in the Syrian Arab Republic, of whom 6.6 million are internally  displaced, require urgent humanitarian assistance, which has resulted in an influx of  Syrian refugees into neighbouring countries, other countries in the region and beyond,  and alarmed also at the risk the situation presents to regional and international  stability,    Calling for the immediate repeal of Law No. 10/2018, concerned about the  Syrian regime’s infringement on the housing, land and property of Syrians,  particularly through the dispossession of displaced Syrians’ land and property in the  national legislation and similar measures, which would have a significant detrimental  impact on the rights of Syrians displaced by the conflict to claim their property and  to return to their homes in a safe, voluntary and dignified manner when the situation  on the ground allows it, and expressing concern about reports of armed groups’ abuses  of Syrians’ housing, land and property rights in areas under their control,    Expressing its profound indignation at the death of more than 29,000 children  and the many more injured since the beginning of the peaceful protests in March 2011,  and at all violations and abuses committed against children, in particular by the Syrian  regime, in contravention of applicable international law, including those involving  their recruitment and use, abduction, killing and maiming and rape and other forms  of sexual and gender-based violence, attacks on schools and hospitals, and denial of  humanitarian access, as well as their arbitrary arrest, detention, torture and ill- treatment and their use as human shields, and noting in this regard the adoption on  18 July 2019 of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict  __________________    51 A/HRC/46/55.   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   9/17 22-28996    conclusions on children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic 52 as well as  the report of 13 January 2020 of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry  entitled “They have erased the dreams of my children: children’s rights in the Syrian  Arab Republic”, and emphasizing that the Syrian regime and its allies must comply  with their applicable international law obligations that are relevant to children,  including under the Convention on the Rights of the Child 53 and the Optional  Protocols thereto,54    Noting with concern that the Hawl camp currently hosts over 58,000 people,  93 per cent of whom are women and children, including some 35,000 children under  12 years of age who live under extremely challenging conditions,    Welcoming Security Council resolution 2475 (2019) of 20 June 2019 on the  situation of persons with disabilities in armed conflict, expressing serious concern  regarding the disproportionate impact that armed conflict has on persons with  disabilities, including abandonment, violence and lack of access to basic services,  stressing the protection and assistance needs of all affected civilian populations, and  emphasizing the need to consider the particular needs of persons with disabilities in  humanitarian response in the Syrian conflict,    Expressing its deep appreciation for the significant efforts that have been made  by neighbouring countries and other countries in the region to accommodate Syrians,  while acknowledging the increasing financial, socioeconomic and political impact of  the presence of large-scale refugee and displaced populations in those countries,    Welcoming the efforts of the United Nations and the League of Arab States and  all diplomatic efforts to achieve a political solution to the Syrian crisis based on the  final communiqué of the Action Group for Syria of 30 June 2012 and consistent with  Security Council resolution 2254 (2015),    1.  Strongly condemns the systematic, widespread and gross violations and  abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian  law committed in the Syrian Arab Republic and the indiscriminate and  disproportionate attacks against the civilian population and against civilian  infrastructure, in particular attacks on medical facilities and schools, which continue  to claim civilian lives, and demands that all parties comply with their obligations  under international humanitarian law;    2.  Deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the continued armed  violence by the Syrian regime against the Syrian people since the beginning of the  peaceful protests in 2011, and demands that the Syrian regime immediately put an  end to all attacks against civilians, take all feasible precautions to avoid, and in any  event to minimize, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to  civilian objects and meet its responsibilities to protect the Syrian population and  immediately implement Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2258 (2015) and  2286 (2016);    3.  Urges all Member States to create conditions for continued negotiations  for a political solution to the Syrian conflict, under the auspices of the United Nations,  and to this end recalls the importance of advancing the work of the Constitutional  Committee, within the context of the United Nations-facilitated Geneva process, and  achieving tangible results, and in that regard urging all parties to engage meaningfully  in the work of the Constitutional Committee, as well as by working towards the  nationwide ceasefire, to enable safe, full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained  __________________    52 S/AC.51/2019/1.    53 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.    54 Ibid., vols. 2171, 2173 and 2983, No. 27531.   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 10/17    humanitarian access and to lead to the release of those arbitrarily detained and ensure  the assessment of the number of people who remain in prisons, consistent with  Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), as only a durable and inclusive political  solution to the conflict can bring an end to the systematic, widespread and gross  violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international  humanitarian law;    4.  Strongly condemns the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab  Republic, demands that all parties desist from any use or preparation of chemical  weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, expresses its strong conviction that those  responsible for the use of chemical weapons must be held accountable, and recalls in  this regard decision C-25/DEC.9 of 21 April 2021 of the Conference of the States  Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production,  Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction;     5.  Welcomes the establishment and operationalization of the Investigation  and Identification Team of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons,  which is authorized to identify the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in the  Syrian Arab Republic, thereby making an important contribution towards the ultimate  goal of holding such perpetrators to account;     6.  Demands that the Syrian regime adhere fully to its international  obligations, including the requirement that it declare in full its chemical weapons  programme, with special emphasis on the need for the Syrian Arab Republic to  urgently resolve the verified gaps, inconsistencies and discrepancies pertaining to its  declaration in respect of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,  Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction and  to eliminate its chemical weapons programme in its entirety;55     7.  Requests that the Executive Council of the Organisation for the Prohibition  of Chemical Weapons consider additional procedures for stringent verification  pursuant to article IV, paragraph 8, and article V, paragraph 10, of the Convention, in  order to ensure the complete destruction of the Syrian chemical weapons programme  and prevent any further use of chemical weapons;     8.  Deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the continued widespread  and systematic gross violations and abuses of human rights and fundamental freedoms  and all violations of international humanitarian law by the Syrian regime, the  government-affiliated militias and those who fight on their behalf, including those  deliberately targeting civilians or civilian objects, attacks on schools, hospitals,  civilian water stations and places of worship, indiscriminate attacks with heavy  weapons, aerial bombardments, cluster munitions, ballistic missiles, barrel bombs,  chemical or other weapons and other force targeting civilians, as well as the starvation  of the civilian population as a method of warfare, massacres, arbitrary executions,  extrajudicial killings, the killing of peaceful protesters, human rights defenders and  journalists, individuals and members of communities on the basis of their religion or  belief, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, forced displacement of members  of minority groups and of those opposed to the Syrian regime, unlawful interference  with access to medical treatment, failure to respect and protect medical personnel,  torture, systematic sexual and gender-based violence, including rape in detention, and  ill-treatment, other violations and abuses of human rights, including those of women  and children, and violations of international humanitarian law;    9.  Condemns unequivocally all attacks and violence against journalists and  media workers by the Syrian regime, the government-affiliated militias and non-State  armed groups, urges all parties to respect the professional independence and rights of  __________________    55 Security Council resolution 2118 (2013), annex I.   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   11/17 22-28996    journalists, and recalls in this regard that journalists and media workers engaged in  dangerous professional missions in areas of armed conflict shall be considered  civilians and shall be protected as such, provided that they take no action adversely  affecting their status as civilians;    10. Strongly condemns all violations and abuses of human rights and all  violations of international humanitarian law, including the killing and persecution of  individuals and members of communities on the basis of their religion or belief, by  armed non-State actors, as well as any human rights abuses or violations of  international humanitarian law by non-State armed groups, including Hizbullah and  those designated as terrorist groups by the Security Council;    11.  Deplores and strongly condemns the terrorist acts and violence committed  against civilians by ISIL (also known as Da’esh), Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly  known as the Nusrah Front), Al-Qaida-affiliated terrorist groups, terrorist groups, such  as Hurras al-Din, designated by the Security Council and other violent extremist  groups and their continued gross, systematic and widespread abuses of human rights  and violations of international humanitarian law, and reaffirms that terrorism cannot  and should not be associated with any religion, gender, ethnicity, nationality or  civilization;    12. Condemns in the strongest terms the gross and systematic abuse of  women’s and children’s rights by terrorist groups and armed groups, including  so-called ISIL (also known as Da’esh), in particular those involving the killing of  women and girls, sexual and gender-based violence, including the enslavement and  sexual exploitation and abuse of women and girls and the recruitment, use and  abduction of children;    13. Condemns the reported forced displacements of the population in the  Syrian Arab Republic, including forced displacement of civilians as a result of local  truce agreements, as highlighted by the Commission of Inquiry, and the alarming  impact thereof on the demography of the country, which amounts to a strategy of  radical demographic change initiated by the Syrian regime, its allies and other  non-State actors, calls upon all parties concerned to cease immediately all activities  related to these actions, including any activities that may amount to war crimes and  crimes against humanity, notes that impunity for such crimes is unacceptable,  reaffirms that those responsible for such breaches of international law must be brought  to justice, and supports efforts to collect evidence in view of future legal action;    14. Emphasizes the importance of creating conditions conducive to voluntary,  safe, dignified and informed movements of internally displaced persons within the  Syrian Arab Republic, and strongly urges all parties to work with the United Nations  to ensure that any such movements are in line with the Guiding Principles on Internal  Displacement,56 and that displaced persons receive the information they need to make  informed and voluntary decisions about their movement and safety;    15. Condemns the reported forced displacement of populations in the Syrian  Arab Republic, expresses deep concern at reports of social and demographic  engineering in areas throughout the country, and calls upon all parties concerned to  cease immediately all activities that cause these actions, including any activities that  may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity;    16. Reminds the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic of its obligations  under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading  Treatment or Punishment,57 including its obligation to take effective measures to  __________________    56 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex.    57 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841.   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 12/17    prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction, and calls upon all States  parties to the Convention to comply with any relevant obligations under the  Convention, including with respect to the obligation to extradite or prosecute  contained in article 7 of the Convention;    17. Deplores the continued closure of the Bab al-Salam and Ya‘rubiyah border  crossings for the purpose of cross-border humanitarian aid, expresses its concern  regarding the limited renewal of the cross-border resolution for only six months,  which is considered unsustainable and insufficient, considering growing humanitarian  needs as winter approaches, noting that needs have increased to the highest levels  since 2011, with more than 14.6 million Syrians in need, according to the United  Nations, and urges the Security Council to renew the cross-border mechanism by  January 2023 and to reauthorize the use of these border crossings for at least  12 months, emphasizes that more than 6.9 million people live in areas not under the  control of the Syrian regime and 5.3 million require humanitarian assistance in the  north-east and north-west, and considers with great concern the serious threats posed  by the recent outbreak of cholera, which disproportionately affects those who are  already most vulnerable, and that the cross-border mechanism remains an  indispensable tool to address the humanitarian needs of the population, including to  deliver vaccines and supplies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which cannot be  adequately reached through existing operations within the Syrian Arab Republic;    18. Demands that the Syrian regime and all other parties to the conflict not  hinder safe, full, timely, immediate, unrestricted and sustained humanitarian access,  and calls for the continuation of cross-border humanitarian support beyond January  2023 and for at least 12 months;    19. Strongly condemns the persistent and widespread use of sexual and gender- based violence, abuse and exploitation, such as in government detention centres,  including those run by the intelligence agencies, reaffirms that acts of sexual and  gender-based violence, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack  directed against any civilian population, can constitute crimes against humanity, and  that acts of sexual and gender-based violence in situations of armed conflict can  constitute war crimes, reaffirms the need to end impunity through the prosecution of  perpetrators of sexual and gender-based crimes under national and international law,  stresses the need for the perpetrators of these crimes to be held accountable by  national justice systems or, where applicable, international courts and tribunals, notes  that such acts may constitute violations of international humanitarian law, violations  of international human rights law and abuses of human rights, in this regard expresses  deep concern at the prevailing climate of impunity for sexual and gender-based  violence, urges all parties to the conflict, especially the Syrian regime, to immediately  cease the perpetration of sexual and gender-based violence, and urges the Syrian  regime to ensure that victims and survivors of sexual and gender-based violence have  access to holistic support and are able to seek reparations and redress;    20. Also strongly condemns all violations and abuses committed against  children in contravention of applicable international law, including those involving  their recruitment and use, killing and maiming, rape and all other forms of sexual and  gender-based violence, child, early and forced marriage, abductions, denial of  humanitarian access and education for children, and attacks on civilian objects,  including schools and hospitals, as well as their arbitrary arrest, unlawful detention,  torture and ill-treatment and their use as human shields;    21. Urges the Syrian regime to comply with its obligations under the  Convention on the Rights of the Child;    22. Reaffirms the Syrian regime’s responsibility for the systematic use of  enforced disappearances, takes note of the assessment of the Commission of Inquiry   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   13/17 22-28996    that the Syrian regime’s use of enforced disappearances amounts to a crime against  humanity, and condemns the targeted disappearances of young men and boys and the  exploitation of ceasefires as an opportunity to forcibly recruit and arbitrarily detain  them;    23. Expresses deep concern that, according to the recent findings of the  Commission of Inquiry, the Syrian regime forces continue to deliberately conceal the  fate and whereabouts of forcibly disappeared persons, intentionally prolonging the  suffering of hundreds of thousands of family members of the forcibly disappeared,  and strongly calls upon the Syrian regime to provide information on detained, missing  or forcibly disappeared persons to their families;    24. Encourages all parties to the conflict to enhance their engagement with  the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria to hasten the release of all  arbitrarily detained persons by the Syrian regime and to make progress on the issue  of missing persons;    25. Strongly condemns all attacks on the wounded and sick and on medical,  health and humanitarian personnel, facilities and means of transport and equipment,  as well as indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks on civilians, civilian objects,  schools and water stations, taking place in the Syrian Arab Republic, which may  constitute war crimes, as well as the intentional denial of humanitarian assistance to  civilians, and demands that the Syrian regime meet its responsibility to protect the  Syrian population in accordance with its obligations under relevant provisions of  international human rights law and international humanitarian law;     26. Also strongly condemns the targeting of humanitarian workers and persons  engaged in medical duties, their means of transport and equipment and hospitals and  other medical facilities, which may constitute war crimes, including the attack against  the deconflicted Atarib cave hospital on 21 March 2021 and the terrorist attack against  Al-Shifa’ hospital on 12 June 2021;    27. Demands that the Syrian regime cooperate fully with the Commission of  Inquiry, including by granting it immediate, full, safe, unhindered and sustained  access throughout the Syrian Arab Republic;    28. Strongly condemns the intervention in the Syrian Arab Republic of all  foreign terrorist fighters and those foreign organizations and foreign forces fighting  on behalf of the Syrian regime, expresses deep concern that their involvement further  exacerbates the deteriorating situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, including the  human rights and humanitarian situation, which has a serious negative impact on the  region, and further demands that all foreign terrorist fighters, and those who are  fighting in support of the Syrian regime, including all militias sponsored by foreign  Governments, must immediately withdraw from the Syrian Arab Republic;    29. Demands that all parties immediately put an end to all violations of  international human rights law, abuses of human rights and violations of international  humanitarian law and take all appropriate steps to protect and cease any attacks on  civilians and civilian objects;    30. Emphasizes the need for accountability for crimes involving breaches of  international law, in particular of international humanitarian law and human rights  law, some of which may constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity, committed  in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011, through fair and independent  investigations and prosecutions at the domestic or international level;     31. Requests the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to  submit an annual report to the General Assembly, starting at its seventy-fifth session,  on the implementation of its mandate while preserving the confidential nature of its   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 14/17    substantive work, in time for the annual presentation of the report by the Head of the  Mechanism in April at a plenary meeting of the Assembly under the agenda item  entitled “Prevention of armed conflict”;    32. Welcomes efforts by the International, Impartial and Independent  Mechanism to assist in the search for missing persons in the Syrian context, as stated  in the Mechanism’s reports to the General Assembly, and further encourages the  Mechanism to identify additional ways and means to contribute to this end;    33. Also welcomes the victim/survivor-centred approach practised by the  International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism, and commends its model of  engagement with victim and survivor groups, as well as civil society in general,  through bilateral cooperation and regular consultations;    34. Further welcomes the full funding for the International, Impartial and  Independent Mechanism and continued support to the Mechanism through the  programme budget to ensure the effective discharge of its mandate;    35. Emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for violations of  international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of human rights law are held  to account through appropriate, fair and independent domestic or international  criminal justice mechanisms, stresses the need to pursue practical steps towards this  goal, and for that reason encourages the Security Council to take appropriate action  to ensure accountability, noting the important role that the International Criminal  Court can play in this regard in accordance with complementarity;    36. Welcomes the efforts by States to investigate conduct in the Syrian Arab  Republic and to prosecute crimes within their jurisdiction committed in the Syrian  Arab Republic, encourages them to continue to do so and to share relevant  information between States in accordance with their national legislation and  international law, and also encourages other States to consider doing the same;    37. Urgently requests the Commission of Inquiry to present its latest reporting  to the General Assembly during an interactive dialogue at its seventy-eighth session  on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic, and encourages United  Nations monitoring and reporting to further document violations of international  humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, including those that may  amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes, to provide recommendations to  facilitate improvements in civilian protection and accountability measures, and to  feature witness testimony of Syrian human rights defenders, survivors of torture and  sexual and gender-based violence, former detainees, and other Syrian voices through  appropriate and safe means, and where informed consent has been provided;    38. Deplores the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab  Republic, and urges the international community to assume its responsibility for  providing urgent financial support to enable the host countries and communities to  respond to the growing humanitarian needs of Syrian refugees, while emphasizing the  importance of burden-sharing;     39. Calls upon all members of the international community, including all  donors, to fulfil their previous pledges and continue to provide much-needed support  to the United Nations, its specialized agencies and other humanitarian actors to  provide humanitarian and medical assistance to the millions of Syrians who are in  need, including those displaced both internally and in host countries and communities;    40. Welcomes the efforts of those countries outside the region that have put in  place measures and policies to assist and host Syrian refugees, encourages them to do  more, also encourages other States outside the region to consider implementing similar  measures and policies, with a view to providing Syrian refugees with protection and   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   15/17 22-28996    humanitarian assistance, acknowledges the need to improve the conditions on the  ground to facilitate the return of refugees in a safe, voluntary, informed and dignified  manner to their place of origin or another location of their choice, and takes note of  the recent finding of the Commission of Inquiry that the Syrian Arab Republic does  not yet offer a safe and stable environment for the sustainable and dignified return of  refugees or for the 6.7 million displaced persons inside the country;    41. Demands that the Syrian regime and all other parties to the conflict ensure  the full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained safe and unhindered access of the  United Nations and humanitarian actors, including to besieged and hard-to-reach  areas such as Rukban, that the Syrian regime cease to impede the ability of the United  Nations and humanitarian actors to move through the north-east of the Syrian Arab  Republic and beyond, especially in the light of the restricted humanitarian space and  worsened humanitarian situation following the failure to reauthorize the Ya‘rubiyah  border crossing in Security Council resolutions 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585  (2021) and 2642 (2022) and that all parties preserve the Fish Khabur border crossing  and other crossing points along the Turkish borders with the Syrian Arab Republic,  and allow sustained deliveries of humanitarian assistance to persons in need across  the Syrian Arab Republic, including through commercial routes, consistent with  Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2254 (2015),  2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020), 2533  (2020), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022);    42. Strongly condemns the reported killing of detainees in Syrian military  intelligence facilities, and calls upon the Syrian regime to release all unlawfully held  detainees, including women, children and the elderly, and to facilitate information  about those still in detention as well as those who died while in detention by the  Syrian regime, returning their remains, with full transparency regarding what  happened to these individuals, and urges the regime to immediately reverse its  abhorrent use of mass detentions and torture as means of silencing and repressing  political opposition, journalists and other media workers and of depriving Syrian  citizens of their rights to freedom of expression;    43. Calls for the appropriate international monitoring bodies to be granted  access to detainees in all prisons and detention centres, including all military facilities  referred to in the reports of the Commission of Inquiry;    44. Demands that all parties take all appropriate steps to protect civilians and  persons hors de combat, including persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious  and linguistic minorities, and stresses that, in this regard, the primary responsibility  to protect the population lies with the Syrian regime;    45. Strongly condemns the damage and destruction of the cultural heritage of  the Syrian Arab Republic, in particular that of Palmyra and Aleppo, and the organized  looting and trafficking of Syrian cultural property, as outlined by the Security Council  in its resolutions 2199 (2015) of 12 February 2015 and 2347 (2017) of 24 March 2017,  affirms that attacks intentionally directed against historic monuments may amount to  war crimes, and underlines the need to bring the perpetrators of such crimes to justice;    46. Deplores the military offensive that began in Idlib Province and  surrounding areas in December 2019 and caused large-scale injuries, deaths,  displacement and suffering in the civilian population and devastating damage to  civilian infrastructure, recalls the findings of the United Nations Board of Inquiry  established by the Secretary-General in this regard, notes with grave concern the  recent findings of the Commission of Inquiry that there are reasonable grounds to  believe that war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed during the said  offensive, also notes the Commission’s comments on the gendered impact of the  military offensive, and remains extremely concerned about the situation;   A/RES/77/230  Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic   22-28996 16/17      47. Notes with concern the continued insecurity in the north-east of the Syrian  Arab Republic, the significant increase in humanitarian needs and the restricted  humanitarian space following the failure to reauthorize the Ya‘rubiyah border  crossing, in Security Council resolutions 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020) and 2585 (2021),  further compounded by lack of access to water and electricity, which continues to  undermine the stability and security of the whole region, eroding progress in the fight  against ISIL (also known as Da’esh) and worsening the humanitarian situation and  humanitarian actors’ ability to respond to humanitarian needs;    48. Stresses the situation of particular concern in north-west Syrian Arab  Republic, particularly Idlib, strongly condemns the attacks on civilians and first  responders and civilian infrastructure where ongoing violence, including air strikes,  continues to cause death and injury among civilians and first responders, as well as  devastating damage to civilian infrastructure, including health-care and educational  facilities, and welcomes the establishment of the United Nations Board of Inquiry  mandated to investigate the destruction of and damage to facilities on the United  Nations deconfliction list and United Nations-supported facilities;    49. Expresses concern about reports of attacks on civilians in areas such as  Daraa that supported peaceful protests in 2011, and the siege-like conditions in Daraa  that have displaced 40,000 people and resulted in acute food and medicine shortages,  and targeted assassinations of civilian leaders including former judges, medical  workers and others engaged in reconciliation negotiations, noting that the Chair of  the Commission of Inquiry reported in June 2021 that at least 130 such incidents had  been recorded between July 2020 and April 2021, underscoring the pervasively  unstable environment;    50. Expresses deep concern in particular about the violence in the north-west,  including air strikes, and the impact on civilians of that violence, stresses the urgent  need for the immediate cessation of military hostilities in Idlib and the surrounding  areas, for the prioritization of the protection of all civilians, including those displaced,  and for full, timely, immediate, unrestricted and safe humanitarian access, including  cross-border access, recalls the Additional Protocol to the Memorandum on the  Stabilization of the Situation in the Idlib De-escalation Area, signed by the Russian  Federation and Turkey on 5 March 2020, and stresses the importance of continuing  work towards preserving calm on the ground and creating the necessary conditions  for the safe, dignified and voluntary returns of displaced people;    51. Calls upon all Member States, relevant United Nations bodies,  international organizations and civil society to coordinate further efforts and  proactively focus attention on the issue of missing persons in the Syrian Arab  Republic, including those subjected to enforced disappearance, and recalls the  importance of the full and meaningful participation of victims, survivors and their  families in such efforts;     52. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on missing persons in the  Syrian Arab Republic, supports its findings and notes with appreciation its  recommendations, in this regard expresses its intention to take further action on the  matter and to ensure that survivors and their families are included throughout the  process, and therefore requests an informal briefing in the form of an interactive  dialogue from the Secretary-General before 28 February 2023;    53. Urges all parties to the conflict to take all appropriate steps to ensure the  safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel, personnel of the  specialized agencies and all other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities,  including national and locally recruited personnel, as required by international  humanitarian law, without prejudice to their freedom of movement and access, stresses  the need not to impede or hinder these efforts, recalls that attacks on humanitarian   Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic  A/RES/77/230   17/17 22-28996    workers may amount to war crimes, and notes in this regard that the Security Council  has reaffirmed that it will take further measures in the event of non-compliance with  its resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2234 (2015), 2258 (2015),  2286 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022)  by any Syrian party;    54. Urges the international community to support the leadership and full,  effective and meaningful participation of women in all efforts aimed at finding a  political solution to the Syrian crisis, as envisaged by the Security Council in its  resolution 1325 (2000) and all subsequent resolutions of the women, peace and  security agenda;    55. Reaffirms that there can only be a political solution to the conflict in the  Syrian Arab Republic, reiterates its commitment to the national unity and territorial  integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic, and urges the parties to the conflict to abstain  from actions that may contribute to the continuing deterioration of the human rights,  security and humanitarian situation, in order to reach a genuine political transition,  based on the final communiqué of the Action Group for Syria of 30 June 2012,  consistent with Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2268 (2016) and 2585  (2021), that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people for a civil,  democratic and pluralistic State, with the full, equal and meaningful participation and  leadership of all women at all levels, where there is no room for sectarianism or  discrimination on ethnic, religious, linguistic, gender or any other grounds, and where  all persons receive equal protection, regardless of gender, religion or ethnicity, and  further demands that all parties work urgently towards the comprehensive  implementation of the final communiqué, including through the establishment of an  inclusive transitional governing body with full executive powers, which shall be  formed on the basis of mutual consent while ensuring the continuity of governmental  institutions.