Resolution adopted by the General Assembly  on 14 December 2022          [on the report of the Second Committee (A/77/447/Add.5, para. 8)]       77/183. Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development        The General Assembly,    Recalling its resolutions 73/244 of 20 December 2018, 74/237 of 19 December  2019, 75/232 of 21 December 2020 and 76/219 of 17 December 2021, entitled  “Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable  Development”,     Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming  our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a  comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative  Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for  the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating  poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest  global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its  commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions –  economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to  building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking  to address their unfinished business,     Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015, on the Addis Ababa  Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development,  which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports  and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with  concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to  address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels  for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity,    A/RES/77/183  Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development   22-28804 2/9      Reaffirming further the Paris Agreement 1  and its early entry into force,  encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United  Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2  that have not yet done so to  deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where  appropriate, as soon as possible,     Reaffirming the New Urban Agenda, adopted at the United Nations Conference  on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito, Ecuador,  from 17 to 20 October 2016,3     Bearing in mind that the seventy-fifth anniversary of the United Nations in 2020  and the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the 2030 Agenda presented an opportunity  to reaffirm collective commitment to multilateralism and to the United Nations, and  reaffirming the urgent need to accelerate the implementation of the 2030 Agenda,  including the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular the  eradication of poverty in all its forms and dimensions,     Recalling its declaration, in its resolution 47/196 of 22 December 1992, of  17 October as the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty,     Recalling also its resolution 72/233 of 20 December 2017, in which it  considered that the theme of the Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of  Poverty (2018–2027) should be “Accelerating global actions for a world without  poverty”, and all other resolutions related to the eradication of poverty,     Reaffirming that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including  extreme poverty, which is disproportionately high in rural areas, is the greatest global  challenge facing the world today and is an indispensable requirement for sustainable  development, particularly in Africa, in the least developed countries, in landlocked  developing countries, in small island developing States and in some middle-income  countries, noting with concern that as of 2019 approximately 648 million people still  lived in extreme poverty and that the latest projections suggest that up to 89 million  additional people are living in extreme poverty in 2022 because of the coronavirus  disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the precarious recovery, compounded by the recent  global crisis of food, finance and challenge of energy access, and underlining the  importance of accelerating sustainable, inclusive and equitable economic growth,  recovery and sustainable development, including full, productive employment and  decent work for all, with a view to reducing inequalities within and among countries,    Noting with great concern the severe negative impact on human health, safety  and well-being caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as  the severe disruption to societies and economies and the devastating impact on lives  and livelihoods, and that the poorest and most vulnerable are the hardest hit by the  pandemic, reaffirming the ambition to get back on track to achieve the Sustainable  Development Goals by designing and implementing sustainable and inclusive  recovery strategies to accelerate progress towards the full implementation of the 2030  Agenda for Sustainable Development and to help to reduce the risk of and build  resilience to future shocks, crises and pandemics, including by strengthening health  systems and achieving universal health coverage, and recognizing that equitable and  timely access for all to safe, quality, effective and affordable COVID-19 vaccines,  therapeutics and diagnostics are an essential part of a global response based on unity,  solidarity, renewed multilateral cooperation and the principle of leaving no one  behind,  __________________    1  Adopted under the UNFCCC in FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21.    2  United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822.    3  Resolution 71/256, annex.   Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development  A/RES/77/183   3/9 22-28804      Noting that the share of the rural poor in the total population of those living in  poverty rose by more than 2 percentage points between 2015 and 2018, which  highlights the setbacks and challenges in fighting rural poverty even before the  pandemic and the need for accelerated action towards the eradication of poverty, and  recognizing that addressing rural poverty is fundamental for the achievement of  Sustainable Development Goal 1 of the 2030 Agenda, as well as most of the other  Goals, with 70 per cent of the targets requiring action in rural areas,     Emphasizing that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sustainable  development have increased the number of people living in poverty around the world  and disrupted, inter alia, the normal functioning of open markets, global supply chain  connectivity and the flow of essential goods, hindering the fight against poverty and  adding urgency to the call to galvanize action and delivery for the eradication of  poverty, in all its forms and dimensions, particularly in rural areas, where most of the  extreme poor live, stressing that global inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines,  with the bulk of vaccines disproportionately available in high-income countries, in  contrast with the low availability of COVID-19 vaccines in low-income countries,  further put at risk the health of the rural poor, in this regard welcoming the 2020  Sustainable Development Goals Moment, placing an emphasis on poverty and  inequality, on climate change and a healthy planet and on achieving gender equality  and the empowerment of all women and girls, taking note of the efforts of the  President of the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session to launch the Alliance  for Poverty Eradication, which is timely and meaningful and continues to serve as a  platform for the exchange of ideas, policies and best practices on poverty eradication,  and stressing the importance of addressing poverty, including rural poverty issues, in  these forums, as the rural poor might be less prepared to deal with the effects of and  recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and multiple crises and could have less access  to adequate sanitation, food and nutrition, water, health-care services, education, the  Internet, information and communications technology, social protection, financial  services and public infrastructure,     Commending the efforts and remarkable progress achieved by developing  countries in eradicating rural poverty, while noting with concern that key gaps still  remain, such as: a lack of adequate data; inadequate investment in agricultural and  rural development; lower and inadequate human capital formation relevant for rural  livelihoods; inadequate income sources, including scarce non-farm income- generating opportunities; a lack of productive capacity and agricultural  transformation; persistent gender inequality; a lack of social protection; insufficient  basic infrastructure and services; a lack of or poor adaptive capacity and resilience to  cope with the adverse effects of climate change and disasters; and a lack of effective  rural institutions and of sufficient resources,     Recognizing the leading role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the  United Nations, together with other United Nations entities, including the International  Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Labour Organization and the  United Nations Development Programme, in the global efforts to reduce poverty,  including rural poverty, while addressing other interlinked challenges such as  eliminating hunger, food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition, and increasing the  resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises,     Noting with appreciation the aspirations, embedded in Agenda 2063 of the  African Union, to lift huge sections of the population out of poverty, improve incomes  and catalyse economic and social transformation, and recognizing the importance of  the international community’s helping African countries to achieve such goals,  especially in the rural areas of the African continent,    A/RES/77/183  Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development   22-28804 4/9      Noting that, while considerable progress has been made over the past decade  across all areas of development, the pace of progress observed in recent years is  insufficient and uneven to fully meet the Sustainable Development Goals and targets  by 2030, especially in the area of rural poverty eradication,     Recognizing that poverty is a serious impediment to the achievement of gender  equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, including those living in rural  areas, and that the feminization of poverty persists, emphasizing that the eradication  of poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is an  indispensable requirement for sustainable development, acknowledging the mutually  reinforcing links between the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment  of all women and girls and the eradication of poverty, and stressing the importance of  support for countries in their efforts to eradicate poverty in all its forms and  dimensions,     Emphasizing that the implementation of the 2030 Agenda depends crucially on  the transformation of rural areas, where most of the poor and hungry live, and that, in  order to eradicate rural poverty, investment should be encouraged in those sectors that  have a bigger impact, such as education and health, social protection, agriculture and  infrastructure, while noting the financing gap between resources dedicated to the  education sector and the amount necessary to reach Sustainable Development Goal 4,  while the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked an unprecedented learning crisis, and  that at least 80 billion dollars in annual investment will be needed to meet the demand  for food that is projected to increase by 70 per cent by 2050, and that the investments  that are needed for climate change mitigation and adaptation also remain  underfunded,     Recalling the proclamation of 2019–2028 as the United Nations Decade of  Family Farming, to raise the profile of the role of family farming 4 in contributing to  the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and reaffirming the importance of the United  Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025) in the promotion of activities  towards the eradication of rural poverty,     Recognizing the interlinkages and integrated nature of the Sustainable  Development Goals, and reiterating that the eradication of rural poverty and hunger  is crucial for the achievement of internationally agreed development goals, including  those contained in the 2030 Agenda, and that rural development should be pursued  through an integrated approach which encompasses economic, social and  environmental dimensions, takes into account a gender perspective and consists of  mutually reinforcing policies and programmes, and which should be balanced,  targeted, situation-specific and locally owned, include local synergies and initiatives  and be responsive to the needs of rural populations,     Recalling that more than 80 per cent of the extreme poor live in rural areas and  work in agriculture and that the extreme poverty rate in rural areas is three times  higher than in urban areas, and recognizing that devoting resources to the  development of rural areas and sustainable agriculture and supporting smallholder  farmers, especially women farmers, is key to ending poverty in all its forms and  dimensions, by, inter alia, improving the welfare of farmers,     Taking into consideration the increasing number of young people who decide to  leave rural areas for more urbanized ones and the challenges that this trend poses to  the livelihood of rural families,     Expressing its concern that the extreme poor have limited access to productive  resources, basic health, Internet and digital technologies, education and social  __________________    4  Resolution 72/239.   Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development  A/RES/77/183   5/9 22-28804    protection services, basic infrastructure such as roads, water and electricity, and off- farm employment opportunities, and are susceptible to the impacts of natural hazards,  especially weather-related hazards, including the El Niño phenomenon, and the  adverse effects of climate change, and that rural women and girls fare far worse on  most development indicators,     Emphasizing the importance of enhancing global support for national work on  rural development policies and strategies, including on commodity production as well  as increased public and private investments to upgrade productive capacity, and that  tackling rural poverty requires integrated, cross-sectoral, multi-stakeholder and  context-specific interventions, with a strong emphasis on sustainable food and  agricultural systems for food security, and nutrition, economic growth, revitalization  and development in rural areas,     1.  Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General5 and the recommendations  contained therein;     2.  Reaffirms that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions,  including extreme poverty, for all people everywhere, is the greatest global challenge  and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, as well as an  overarching objective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 6 of which  the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing  for Development7 is an integral part, supporting and complementing it;     3.  Expresses its deep concern that the progress in reducing poverty remains  uneven, with 1.3 billion people still living in multidimensional poverty, 84 per cent of  whom live in rural areas, and that this number continues to be significant and  unacceptably high, whereas the levels of inequality in income, wealth and opportunities  remain high or are increasing in a number of countries, and the non-income dimensions  of poverty and deprivation, such as access to inclusive and equitable quality education  or basic health services, and relative poverty remain major concerns, and stresses the  importance of national and global efforts to create the conditions for achieving  sustainable development in its three dimensions, economic, social and environmental,  sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, shared prosperity and decent  work for all in society, taking into account different levels of national development  capacities;     4.  Recognizes the importance of promoting socioeconomic development in  rural areas as an effective strategy and important means at the global level for the  eradication of poverty, including extreme poverty, and therefore underlines the  importance of shaping a rural poverty eradication pattern with the concerted efforts  of the whole of society to promote socioeconomic development in rural areas and  create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels  based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies to support accelerated  investment in poverty eradication action;     5.  Emphasizes that economic growth continues to leave rural dwellers  behind, that, circa 2018, 80 per cent of the people living in extreme poverty lived in  rural areas and 35 per cent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa lived on less than  2.15 dollars per day in 2019, and recommends that countries promote dedicated and  coordinated social, economic, agricultural and rural development in their national  policies, including by adopting rural-focused poverty eradication strategies in  alignment with the 2030 Agenda, social policies aimed at improving human capital in  rural areas and ensuring access to adequate social protection coverage, agricultural  __________________    5  A/77/209.    6  Resolution 70/1.    7  Resolution 69/313, annex.   A/RES/77/183  Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development   22-28804 6/9    policies aimed at boosting agricultural productivity, and rural development policies  aimed at improving access to rural infrastructure and basic services of high quality  and at boosting non-farm employment opportunities;     6.  Recognizes the critical role and contribution of rural women, including  smallholders and women farmers, Indigenous women and their traditional knowledge  and women in local communities, in enhancing agricultural and rural development,  improving food security and nutrition and eradicating rural poverty, and therefore  highlights the importance of promoting their economic empowerment, their full  access to land ownership and their participation in decision-making;     7.  Stresses the importance of establishing and implementing targeted policies  and measures to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme  poverty, by formulating rural development strategies with clear poverty eradication  goals, strengthening national statistical capacity and monitoring systems and  implementing nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all,  with a view to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions, economic,  social and environmental, and building the resilience of the poor and those in  vulnerable situations;     8.  Encourages all countries and other relevant stakeholders to promote  inclusive economic transformation in rural areas that increases productivity while  ensuring productive employment and decent work, access to reliable and appropriate  social protection systems, inclusive and equitable quality education, health-care  services, quality, resilient and sustainable infrastructure, roads and telecommunications,  as well as preparedness planning for crises and early warning, reiterates that the  COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the important role of digital connectivity and  access and the potential of e-commerce and e-learning solutions for poverty  eradication, and thus calls upon all stakeholders to strengthen digital, information and  communications technology, science, technology and innovation cooperation on  mutually agreed terms, especially in the area of e-commerce, financial technology  (fintech), affordable and reliable Internet connectivity and digital infrastructure  investment and construction to keep food and agriculture supply chains functioning  and achieve momentum under the 2030 Agenda for an inclusive, sustainable and  resilient recovery for global development, putting people at the centre of the response,  protecting our planet and achieving prosperity, with no one left behind, in line with  the 2030 Agenda;     9.  Recognizes that eradicating poverty in rural areas cannot be separated from  the sustainable transformation and strengthening of food systems and that ensuring fair  markets that enable the participation of smallholder and family farmers in food  systems, particularly in value chains where small-scale producers have a comparative  advantage, will continue to be important, in this regard takes note with appreciation of  the United Nations Food Systems Summit, held in 2021, which recognized the  transformative effects of sustainable food systems as a driver for the achievement of  the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, underscores that promoting a universal,  rules-based, open, transparent, predictable, inclusive, non-discriminatory and equitable  multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization is essential for building  sustainable, inclusive and resilient food systems, and thus stresses the importance of  keeping trade channels and markets open, equitable, transparent, non-discriminatory  and predictable for the movement of food, fertilizer and other agricultural inputs and  outputs and access to energy, and emphasizes the urgent need to combat protectionism  in all its forms and to correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions that are  inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules in world agricultural markets;     10. Notes with great concern that the poorest population spends a larger share  of income on food, which means that even a small increase in food prices can be   Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development  A/RES/77/183   7/9 22-28804    devastating, and that food price shocks are a driver of increased poverty, in particular  in rural areas;     11.  Calls upon all countries to promote agricultural and rural development in  their national policies and renew their efforts to promote innovative approaches,  including agroecology, among other approaches, to enhance capacity for food  production, distribution and storage, cooperate in the relevant areas of science,  research, technology and innovation, as appropriate and consistent with national  policies and frameworks, to strengthen sustainable agriculture and food systems that  enhance food security and nutrition, including sustainable productivity growth,  significantly reducing food loss and waste, and strengthen policies that support small- scale producers in engaging in agriculture and food system value chains;     12. Recognizes the importance of employment for pro-poor growth in rural  areas, and encourages the United Nations system and development partners to assist  countries, upon their request, in mainstreaming employment into investment policy  and poverty reduction strategies, including those focused on rural area development,  and fostering rapid agricultural productivity growth, especially in developing  countries, by increasing investment in agricultural and related rural off-farm activities  and strengthening capacity-building for agricultural producers;     13. Also recognizes the essential role of inclusive and sustainable industrial  development which can diversify income opportunities as part of a comprehensive  strategy of structural economic transformation in eradicating poverty in all its forms  and dimensions, especially in rural areas, supporting inclusive, sustained and  sustainable economic growth, and thus in contributing to achieving sustainable  development in developing countries, and calls upon international industrial  cooperation to advance inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovation and  help developing countries to improve industrial production capacity;     14. Further recognizes the need to design, implement and pursue gender- responsive economic and social policies aimed at, inter alia, eradicating poverty,  including in rural areas, and combating the feminization of poverty, ensuring the full  and equal participation of rural women in the development, implementation and  follow-up of development policies and programmes and poverty eradication  strategies, supporting increased rural employment and decent work and the  redistribution of unpaid domestic and care work, and promoting the full, equal and  meaningful participation and leadership of women at all levels and sectors of the rural  economy and in diverse on-farm and off-farm economic activities, including  sustainable agricultural and fisheries production;    15. Encourages Member States, international organizations, the private sector  and other partners to develop programmes to foster the creation of decent work in  rural areas and increase the investment in agricultural and related off-farm activities,  especially for young people;     16. Emphasizes that, globally, 1.4 billion people, primarily in rural areas in  developing countries, do not have access to formal financial services, and encourages  further efforts of the international community to offer affordable ways to access  finance for the financially excluded in rural areas;     17. Also emphasizes the need to increase investment, including through  enhanced international cooperation, in quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient rural  infrastructure, especially in roads, water, sanitation, electricity and Internet  connectivity, and to provide an inclusive and sustainable digital transformation;     18. Expresses its commitment to raising public awareness to promote the  eradication of poverty and extreme poverty in all countries, to mobilizing the  enthusiasm and creativity of all stakeholders, especially the rural residents living in   A/RES/77/183  Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development   22-28804 8/9    extreme poverty, to fight against poverty, to promoting their active participation in  the design and implementation of programmes and policies that affect them, and to  providing quality education for the rural poor, with the aim of achieving the 2030  Agenda;     19. Reiterates the need for enhanced and expanded access on mutually agreed  terms by developing countries to appropriate technologies that are pro-poor and raise  productivity, and underlines the need for measures to increase investment in  agriculture, including modern technologies, as well as in natural resources  management and capacity-building of developing countries;    20. Stresses that the achievement of sustainable development and the  eradication of poverty also hinge on the ability and readiness of countries to  effectively mobilize domestic resources, attract foreign direct investment, fulfil  official development assistance commitments and use official development assistance  effectively, and facilitate the transfer of technology to developing countries, on  mutually agreed terms, and further stresses that the resolution of unsustainable debt  situations is critical for heavily indebted poor countries, while remittances have  become a significant source of income and finance for receiving economies and their  contribution to the achievement of sustainable development;    21. Recognizes the importance of addressing the diverse needs of and  challenges faced by countries in special situations, in particular African countries, the  least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island  developing States, as well as the specific challenges facing many middle-income  countries, and therefore requests the United Nations development system, the  international financial institutions, regional organizations and other stakeholders to  ensure that these diverse and specific development needs are appropriately considered  and addressed, in a tailored fashion, in their relevant strategies and policies, with a  view to promoting a coherent and comprehensive approach towards individual  countries;     22. Realizes that bridging the digital divide will require strong commitment  by all relevant stakeholders at the national and international levels, reiterates the  importance of investing in infrastructure for greater access to affordable technological  devices and services for rural populations, which includes leveraging technology- enabled financial services and financial technologies to promote financial inclusion,  and encourages efforts by all relevant stakeholders, especially United Nations  agencies, funds and programmes, in the spirit of win-win cooperation, to assist  developing countries in overcoming the digital divide and promoting the use of  information and communications technologies to foster economic and social  development, particularly in rural areas, with the aim of building a shared future for  humankind;     23. Recognizes the devastating impact of diseases on societies, and calls for  measures by relevant United Nations bodies, in accordance with their respective  mandates, and other stakeholders to make good use of their experience and  advantages to further help developing countries with the aim of improving rural  development planning, including poverty eradication and multisectoral development  activities covering economic and social aspects, including a gender perspective;     24. Reiterates the urgent need to accelerate the pace of rural poverty  eradication, and requests the Secretary-General, in close collaboration with the  secretariat of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as well as  other relevant international organizations, to submit to the General Assembly at its  seventy-eighth session a report on the status of the implementation of and follow-up  to the present resolution in order to identify the progress achieved, gaps and  challenges faced in rural poverty eradication, especially in developing countries, as   Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development  A/RES/77/183   9/9 22-28804    well as the means of implementation to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and address  its impacts, and to list rural poverty eradication as a priority for an annual Sustainable  Development Goals moment to highlight inspiring action on the Goals, in the context  of the general debate of the General Assembly;     25. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session,  under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the  sub-item entitled “Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for  Sustainable Development”.