UN Regulation No. 166 - Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices and motor vehicles with regard to the driver’s awareness of vulnerable road users in close-proximity to the front and lateral sides of vehicles [2026/1365]
Date: 2026-06-29
Institutions: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
Subjects: approval, motor vehicle, road safety, road traffic, safety standard, signalling device, technical specification, technical standard, traffic regulations




L_202601365EN.000101.fmx.xml












Official Journal of the European Union


EN
L series













2026/1365


29.6.2026





Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:https://unece.org/transport/road-transport/status-1958-agreement-and-annexed-regulations


UN Regulation No. 166 - Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices and motor vehicles with regard to the driver’s awareness of vulnerable road users in close-proximity to the front and lateral sides of vehicles [2026/1365]

Incorporating all valid text up to:
01 Series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 12 June 2025
      
This document is meant purely as documentation tool. The authentic and legally binding texts are:
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2022/139
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/98 (as amended by paragraph 98 of the report ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1181)
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/168
CONTENTS
Regulation







0.

Introduction











1.

Scope




Part I -   Devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection







2.

Definitions











3.

Application for approval











4.

Markings











5.

Approval











6.

Requirements











7.

Modification of the type of a device for means of front and lateral vision and extension of approval











8.

Conformity of production











9.

Penalties for non-conformity of production











10.

Production definitively discontinued











11.

Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities




Part II.   Vehicle installation of a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection







12.

Definitions











13.

Application for approval











14.

Approval











15.

Requirements











16.

Requirements for front and lateral view camera system











17.

Requirements for detection systems











18.

Modifications of the vehicle type and extension of approvals











19.

Conformity of production











20.

Penalties for non-conformity of production











21.

Production definitively discontinued











22.

Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities




Annexes







1

Information document for type approval of a device for means of front and lateral vision











2

Information document for type approval of a vehicle to be installed with a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection











3

Communication on the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of a device (separate technical unit) for means of front and lateral vision











4

Communication on the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of vehicle with regard to a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection




Appendix







5

Arrangement of approval mark for a device for means of front and lateral vision











6

Test method to determine reflectivity











7

Procedure to determine the radius of curvature "r" of the reflective surface of a mirror











8

Procedure to determine the "H" point and the actual torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicles











Appendix 1 -

Description of the three-dimensional "H" point machine (3-D H machine)











Appendix 2 -

Three-dimensional reference system











Appendix 3 -

Reference data for the seating positions











9

Test methods for close-proximity front and lateral field of vision











10

Adjustment methods for the position of the driver’s ocular points











11

Range of blind area created by the A-pillar or exterior front and lateral side view mirror











12

Test methods for detection systems











13

Necessity of pendulum impact test




0.   Introduction (for information)
The purpose of this Regulation is to provide the provisions for enhancing Driver’s awareness of vulnerable road users at the front and sides of the vehicles before the vehicle starts from standstill. While UN Regulation No. 46. provides the provisions for indirect vision of motor vehicles, this Regulation concerns the driver’s vision or awareness of the vehicle’s front and lateral directions before the vehicle starts from standstill. Therefore, some requirements of this Regulation may be satisfied by devices complying with UN Regulation No.46.
1.   Scope








1.1.


This Regulation applies to:












1.1.1.


Approval of a device for means of front and lateral vision defined in Part I intended to be fitted to vehicles of category M1 and N1 (1).












1.1.2.


Approval of vehicle installation of devices of front and lateral vision or detection defined in Part II intended to be fitted to vehicles of category M1 and N1.












1.1.3.


At the request of the manufacturer, Contracting Parties may grant approvals under Part II to vehicles, and to vehicles of other categories and devices for fitting to such vehicles.












1.1.4.


This Regulation does not apply to systems primarily meant to aid parking manoeuvres of the vehicle.












1.2.


Vehicles where installation of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection is incompatible with their on-road use may be partly or fully exempted from this Regulation, subject to the decision of the Type Approval Authority.












1.3.


If a vehicle has multiple device(s), the manufacturer shall designate the device that meets the provisions of the UN Regulation.




Part I -   Devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection
2.   Definitions
For the purposes of this UN Regulation:








2.1.


"Devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection" means devices intended to give a clear driver vision of the front and lateral of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2. or intended to detect objects in the field of detection defined in paragraph 15.3.
These can be conventional mirrors, front and lateral view camera system, detection systems or any other devices having the same purpose.












2.1.1.


"Close-proximity front and lateral view device" means a device that gives the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2. of this Regulation.












2.1.2.


"Devices for means of front and lateral vision" means devices that provide information about the objects that can be found in the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.












2.1.2.1.


"Front and Lateral Side View Camera System (FLVCS)" means any system intended to render an image of the outside world and give a clear view to the front and lateral of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2. by means of camera.












2.1.2.1.1.


"Luminance contrast" means the brightness ratio between an object and its immediate background/surrounding that allows the object to be distinguished from its background/surroundings. The definition is in accordance with the definition given in ISO 9241-302:2008.












2.1.2.1.2.


"Resolution" means the smallest detail that can be discerned with a perceptual system, i.e., perceived as separate from the larger whole. The resolution of the human eye is indicated as "visual acuity".












2.1.2.1.3.


"Visual spectrum" means light with a wavelength within the range of the perceptual limits of the human eyes: 380-780 nm.












2.1.2.2.


"Close-proximity front and lateral view mirror" means any device, excluding devices such as periscopes, intended to give a clear view to the front and lateral side(s) of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in 2.1.4. and described in paragraph 15.2. by means of a reflective surface.












2.1.2.2.1.


"r" means the average of the radii of curvature measured over the reflecting surface, in accordance with the method described in Annex 7.












2.1.2.2.2.


"The principal radii of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (ri)" means the values obtained with the apparatus defined in Annex 7, measured on the arc of the reflecting surface passing through the centre of this surface parallel to the segment b, as defined in paragraph 6.1.2.1.2. of this Regulation and on the arc perpendicular to this segment.












2.1.2.2.3.


"The radius of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (rp)" means the arithmetical average of the principal radii of curvature ri and

i.e.:

















2.1.2.2.4.


"Spherical surface" means a surface, which has a constant and equal radius in all directions.












2.1.2.2.5.


"Aspherical surface" means a surface, which has only in one plane a constant radius.












2.1.2.2.6.


"Aspherical mirror" means a mirror composed of a spherical and an aspherical part, in which the transition of the reflecting surface from the spherical to the aspherical part has to be marked. In the x/y coordinate system the relation between the curvature of the main axis of the mirror and the radius of the primary spherical calotte is defined with:









Where:







R


:


nominal radius in the spherical part




k


:


constant for the change of curvature




a


:


constant for the spherical size of the spherical primary calotte












2.1.2.2.7.


"Centre of the reflecting surface" means the centre of the visible area of the reflecting surface.












2.1.2.2.8.


"The radius of curvature of the constituent parts of the mirror" means the radius "c" of the arc of the circle which most closely approximates to the curved form of the part in question.












2.1.2.3.


"Other devices for means of front and lateral vision" means devices as defined in paragraph 2.1.2.1. to 2.1.2.2.8. above, where the field of vision is not obtained by means of a mirror or a FLVCS.












2.1.3.


"Test object" means a cylindrical object with a height of 1.0 m and a diameter of 0.30 m.












2.1.4.


"Field of vision" means the section of the tri-dimensional space above ground level which is monitored by direct vision or with the help of a device for indirect vision. Unless otherwise stated, this is based on the view offered by a device and/or devices other than mirrors. This may be limited by the relevant detection distance corresponding to the test object.












2.1.5.


"Detection System" means a system which uses signals to enable the driver to detect objects in the area adjacent to the vehicle.












2.1.5.1.


"Acoustic information" means information using auditory signals provided by a detection system as defined in paragraph 2.1.5. above to enable the driver to detect objects in the area adjacent to the vehicle.












2.1.5.2.


"Optical information" means information using optical signals provided by a detection system as defined in paragraph 2.1.5. above to enable the driver to detect objects in the area adjacent to the vehicle.












2.1.5.3.


"Haptic information" means information using haptic signals provided by a detection system as defined in paragraph 2.1.5. above to enable the driver to detect objects in the area adjacent to the vehicle.












2.1.6.


"Field of detection" means the section of the tri-dimensional space above ground level which is monitored with the help of a detection system.












2.2.


"Type of device for means of front and lateral vision or detection" means devices that do not differ on the following essential characteristics:






(a)


Design of the device inclusive, if pertinent, the attachment to the bodywork;










(b)


In the case of mirrors, the shape, the dimensions and radius of curvature of the mirror's reflecting surface;










(c)


In the case of FLVCS, the field of view, the magnification and the resolution.










(d)


In the case of detection systems, the sensor type, the information signal type.








3.   Application for approval








3.1.


The application for approval of a type of device for means of front and lateral vision shall be submitted by the holder of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative.












3.2.


A model of information document is shown in Annex 1.












3.3.


For each type of device for means of front and lateral vision the application shall be accompanied by three samples of the parts.












3.4.


The manufacturer shall designate the device(s) that are presented for approval to this UN Regulation.




4.   Markings








4.1.


The samples of devices for means of front and lateral vision submitted for approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer; this marking shall be clearly legible and be indelible.












4.2.


Every device for means of front and lateral vision shall possess, on at least one of the main components, a space large enough to accommodate the approval mark, which shall be legible; this space shall be shown on the drawings referred to in Annex 1. The approval mark shall also be legible when the device is mounted on the vehicle. Other components of the device shall bear a means of identification. In the case of limited space for the approval mark(s), other means of identification that link it to the approval mark shall be provided.




5.   Approval








5.1.


If the samples submitted for approval meet the requirements of paragraph 6. of this Regulation, approval of the pertinent type of device for means of front and lateral vision shall be granted.












5.2.


An approval number shall be assigned to each approved type in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Agreement (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3).












5.3.


Notice of approval or of refusal or of extension or withdrawal of approval or of production definitively discontinued of a type of device for means of front and lateral vision pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 3 to this Regulation.












5.4.


There shall be affixed, on at least one of the main components, conspicuously and in the space referred to in paragraph 4.2. above, to every device for means of front and lateral vision, conforming to a type approved under this Regulation, in addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 4.1. above, an international approval mark consisting of:












5.4.1.


A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by:






(a)


The distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (2); and










(b)


The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number.
















5.5.


The approval mark and the additional symbol(s) shall be clearly legible and be indelible.












5.6.


Annex 5 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the aforesaid approval mark and additional symbol.




6.   Requirements








6.1.


Close-proximity front and lateral vision mirrors












6.1.1.


General specifications












6.1.1.1.


All the mirrors that comply with this Regulation shall be fixed to the vehicle body in a way that they provide the driver with the required field of vision.












6.1.2.


Special specifications












6.1.2.1.


Dimensions












6.1.2.1.1.


The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2. of this UN Regulation.












6.1.2.2.


Reflecting surface and coefficients of reflection












6.1.2.2.1.


The reflecting surface of a mirror shall be either flat or spherically convex. Exterior mirrors may be equipped with an additional aspherical part provided that the main mirror fulfils the requirements of the indirect field of vision.












6.1.2.2.2.


Differences between the radii of curvature of mirrors












6.1.2.2.2.1.


The difference between ri or r'i, and rp at each reference point shall not exceed 0.15 r.












6.1.2.2.2.2.


The difference between any of the radii of curvature (rp1, rp2, and rp3) and r shall not exceed 0.15 r.












6.1.2.2.2.3.


When r is not less than 3 000 mm, the value of 0.15 r quoted in paragraphs 6.1.2.2.2.1. and 6.1.2.2.2.2. above is replaced by 0.25 r.












6.1.2.2.3.


The value of the normal coefficient of reflection, as determined according to the method described in Annex 6, shall be not less than 40 per cent.
In the case of reflecting surfaces with an adjustable coefficient of reflection, the "day" position shall allow the colours of the signals used for road traffic to be recognized. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection in the "night" position shall be not less than 4 per cent.












6.1.2.2.4.


The reflecting surface shall retain the characteristics laid down in paragraph 6.1.2.2.3. above in spite of prolonged exposure to adverse weather conditions in normal use.












6.1.3


Protective housing












6.1.3.1.


When the edge of the reflective surface is enclosed in a protective housing, the radius of curvature "c" on the housing’s perimeter shall be not less than 2.5 mm at all points and in all directions.
When the edge of the reflecting surface is not enclosed by the protective housing independent from any adjustment position, the radius of curvature "c" on its perimeter shall be not less than 2.5 mm at all points and in all directions and this requirement shall be satisfied to the perimeter of the projecting part.












6.1.3.2.


When the mirror is mounted on a plane surface, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device, including those parts remaining attached to the support after the test provided for in paragraph 6.2.2. below, which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of interior mirror or 100 mm in diameter in the case of exterior mirror, shall have a radius of curvature "c" of not less than 2.5 mm.












6.1.3.3.


The requirements in paragraphs 6.1.3.1. and 6.1.3.2. above shall not apply to parts of the external surface which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1.5 mm. To determine the dimension of the projection, the following method shall apply:












6.1.3.3.1.


The dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a convex surface may be determined either directly or by reference to a drawing of an appropriate section of this component in its installed condition.












6.1.3.3.2.


If the dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a surface other than convex cannot be determined by simple measurement, it shall be determined by the maximum variation of the distance of the centre of a 100 mm diameter sphere from the nominal line of the panel when the sphere is moved over and is in constant contact with that component. Figure 1 shows an example of the use of this procedure.

Figure 1


Example for the measurement by maximum variation


















6.1.3.4.


Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 6.1.3.2. above, provided that they are blunted.












6.1.3.5.


The device for the attachment of mirrors to the vehicle shall be so designed that a cylinder with a 70 mm radius, having as its axis the axis, or one of the axes, of pivot or rotation which ensures deflection of the mirror in the direction of impact concerned, passes through at least part of external original surface where the device is protruding from.












6.1.3.6.


The parts of exterior mirrors referred to in paragraphs 6.1.3.1. and 6.1.3.2. above which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness not exceeding 60 are exempt from the relevant provisions.












6.1.3.7.


In the case of those parts of interior mirrors which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 50 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of paragraphs 6.1.3.1. and 6.1.3.2. above shall only apply to the support.












6.1.3.8.


The requirements of paragraph 6.1.3.2. do not apply to mirrors, if their lower edge is mounted not less than 2 m above the ground when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technical permissible mass












6.2.


Test for close-proximity of front and lateral vision mirrors
The requirements of paragraph 6.2. shall be considered to be satisfied in the case of mirrors of a vehicle fulfilling the provisions of UN Regulation No. 21.












6.2.1.


Mirrors shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraphs 6.2.2.1. and 6.2.2.2. below. Exterior mirrors with a stem, shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraph 6.2.2.3. below.












6.2.1.1.


The test provided for in paragraph 6.2.2. below shall not be required in the case of any exterior device for indirect vision of which no part is less than 2 m from the ground, regardless of the adjustment position, when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technically permissible mass.
This derogation also applies to the attachments of devices for indirect vision (attachment plates, arms, swivel joints, etc.) which are situated less than 2 m from the ground and which do not project beyond the overall width of the vehicle, measured in the transverse plane passing through the lowest device for indirect vision attachments or any other point forward of this plane if this configuration produces a greater overall width.
In such cases, a description specifying that the device for indirect vision shall be mounted so as to conform to the above-mentioned conditions for the positioning of its attachments on the vehicle shall be provided.
Where advantage is taken of this derogation, the arm shall be indelibly marked with the symbol





and the type approval certificate shall be endorsed to this effect.












6.2.2.


Impact test
The test according to this paragraph is not to be carried out for:






(a)


exterior devices not projecting beyond the overall width and length of the vehicle and providing a frontal deflecting area of an angle not more than 45° measured in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle; or










(b)


devices not protruding more than 100 mm measured at the attachment point beyond the circumscribing external original surface of the vehicle according to UN Regulation No. 26 (See Annex 13).
















6.2.2.1.


Description of the test rig












6.2.2.1.1.


The test rig consists of a pendulum capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, one of which is perpendicular to the plane containing the "release" trajectory of the pendulum.
The end of the pendulum comprises a hammer formed by a rigid sphere with a diameter of 165 ± 1 mm and 5 ± 1 mm thick rubber covering of Shore A hardness 50.
A device is provided which permits determination of the maximum angle assumed by the arm in the plane of release.
A support firmly fixed to the structure of the pendulum serves to hold the specimens in compliance with the impact requirements specified in paragraph 6.2.2.2.6. below.
Figure 2 below gives the dimensions (in mm) of the test rig and the special design specifications:

Figure 2


Dimensions of the test rig and the special design (in millimeters)


















6.2.2.1.2.


The centre of percussion of the pendulum coincides with the centre of the sphere, which forms the hammer. It is at a distance l from the axis of oscillation in the release plane, which is equal to 1 m ± 5 mm. The reduced mass of the pendulum is mo = 6.8 ± 0.05 kilograms. The relationship of mo to the total mass m of the pendulum and to the distance d between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation is expressed in the equation:

















6.2.2.2.


Description of the test












6.2.2.2.1.


The procedure used to clamp the device for indirect vision to the support shall be that recommended by the manufacturer of the device or, where appropriate, by the vehicle manufacturer.












6.2.2.2.2.


Positioning of the device for indirect vision for the test












6.2.2.2.2.1.


Devices for indirect vision shall be positioned on the pendulum impact rig in such a way that the axes which are horizontal and vertical when the mirror is installed on a vehicle, in accordance with the applicant's mounting instructions, are in a similar position;












6.2.2.2.2.2.


When the edge of the reflecting surface is not enclosed by the protective housing, the worst case test positions for both impact directions shall be identified by the Technical Service in consultation with the manufacturer.












6.2.2.2.3.


In the case of mirrors, except in the case of test 2 for interior mirrors (see paragraph 6.2.2.2.7.1. below), when the pendulum is in a vertical position the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the reflecting surface as defined in paragraph 2.1.2.2.7. of this Regulation. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.












6.2.2.2.4.


When, under the conditions governing adjustment laid down in paragraphs 6.2.2.2.1. and 6.2.2.2.2. above parts of the device for indirect vision limit the return of the hammer, the point of impact shall be displaced in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or pivoting in question.
The displacement shall be no greater than is strictly necessary for the execution of the test; it shall be limited in such a way that:






(a)


Either the sphere delimiting the hammer remains at least tangential to the cylinder as defined in paragraph 6.1.3.5.;










(b)


Or, in the case of mirrors, the impact point of the hammer is located on the reflecting surface at least 10 mm from the periphery of the reflecting surface.
















6.2.2.2.5.


The test consists in allowing the hammer to fall from a height corresponding to a pendulum angle of 60° from the vertical so that the hammer strikes the device for indirect vision at the moment when the pendulum reaches the vertical position.












6.2.2.2.6.


The devices for indirect vision are subjected to impact under the following different conditions:












6.2.2.2.6.1.


Interior mirrors






(a)


Test 1: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraph 6.2.2.2.3. above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the mirror on the reflecting surface side.










(b)


Test 2: Point of impact on the edge of the protective housing, such that the impact produced makes an angle of 45° with the plane of the reflecting surface and the point of impact is situated in the horizontal plane passing through the centre of that surface.. The impact shall occur on the reflecting surface side.
















6.2.2.2.6.2.


Exterior mirrors






(a)


Test 1: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 6.2.2.2.3. or 6.2.2.2.5. above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the mirror on the reflecting surface side.










(b)


Test 2: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 6.2.2.2.3. or 6.2.2.2.5. above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the mirror on the side opposite to the reflecting surface.




Where exterior mirrors are fixed to the same mounting as other mirrors, the above-mentioned tests shall be executed on the lower mirror. Nevertheless, the Technical Service responsible for testing may repeat one or both of these tests on the upper mirror if this is less than 2 m from the ground.












6.2.2.3.


Bending test on the protective housing attached to the stem (Exterior mirror)












6.2.2.3.1.


Description of test
The protective housing is placed horizontally in a device in such a way that it is possible to lock the adjusters of the support firmly. In the direction of the largest dimension of the housing, the end closest to the point of attachment on the adjuster for the support shall be immobilized by a 15 mm-wide rigid stop covering the entire width of the housing.
At the other end, a stop identical to the one described above is placed on the housing so that the specified test load can be applied to it (Figure 3).
The end of the housing opposite to that where the force is exerted may be locked rather than held in position as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3


Example of mirror bending-test rig


















6.2.2.3.2.


The test loading shall be 25 kilograms and shall be maintained for one minute.












6.2.3.


Results of the tests












6.2.3.1.


In the tests described in paragraph 6.2.2. above, the pendulum shall continue to swing after impact in such a way that the projection of the final position assumed by the arm on the plane of release makes an angle of at least 20° with the vertical. The accuracy of measurement of the angle shall be within ±1°.












6.2.3.1.1.


In the case of mirrors, this requirement is not applicable to mirrors stuck to the windscreen, in respect of which the requirement stipulated in paragraph 6.2.3.2. shall apply after the test.












6.2.3.1.2.


The required angle to the vertical is reduced from 20° to 10° for all mirrors for indirect vision.












6.2.3.2.


Should the mounting of the mirror break during the tests described in paragraph 6.2.2. above for mirrors stuck to the windscreen, the part remaining shall not project beyond the base by more than 10 mm and the configuration remaining after the test shall satisfy the conditions laid down in paragraph 6.1.3.2. of this Regulation.












6.2.3.3.


The reflecting surface shall not break during the tests described in paragraph 6.2.2. However, breakage of the reflecting surface will be allowed if one of the following conditions is fulfilled.












6.2.3.3.1.


The fragments of glass still adhere to the back of the housing or to a surface firmly attached to the housing; partial separation of the glass from its backing is admissible provided that this does not exceed 2.5 mm on either side of the cracks. It is permissible for small splinters to become detached from the surface of the glass at the point of impact.












6.2.3.3.2.


The reflecting surface is made of safety glass.












6.2.4.


The devices that approved by UN Regulation No.26 or No.61 shall be exempted the requirements of paragraph 6.2. of this Regulation.




7.   Modification of the type of device for means of front and lateral vision and extension of approval








7.1.


Every modification to an existing type of device for means of front and lateral vision including its connection to the bodywork shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the type of device for means of front and lateral vision. The Type Approval Authority shall then either:






(a)


Decide, in consultation with the manufacturer, that a new type-approval is to be granted; or










(b)


Apply the procedure contained in paragraph 7.1.1. (Revision) and, if applicable, the procedure contained in paragraph 7.1.2. (Extension).
















7.1.1.


Revision
When particulars recorded in the information folder have changed and the Type Approval Authority considers that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the device for means of front and lateral vision still complies with the requirements, the modification shall be designated a "revision".
In such a case, the Type Approval Authority shall issue the revised pages of the information folder as necessary, marking each revised page to show clearly the nature of the modification and the date of re-issue. A consolidated, updated version of the information folder, accompanied by a detailed description of the modification, shall be deemed to meet this requirement.












7.1.2.


Extension
The modification shall be designated an "extension" if, in addition to the change of the particulars recorded in the information folder;






(a)


Further inspections or tests are required; or










(b)


Any information on the communication document (with the exception of its attachments) has changed; or










(c)


Approval to a later series of amendments is requested after its entry into force.
















7.2.


Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3. above to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation. In addition, the index to the information package, attached to the communication document, shall be amended accordingly to show the date of the most recent revision or extension.












7.3.


The Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number to each communication form drawn up for such an extension.




8.   Conformity of production








8.1.


The conformity of production procedure shall comply with those set out in the Agreement, Schedule 1 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3).












8.2.


Every device for means of front and lateral vision approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 6. above.




9.   Penalties for non-conformity of production








9.1.


The approval granted in respect of a type of device for means of front and lateral vision pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in paragraph 8.1. above is not complied with or if the type of device for means of front and lateral vision did not satisfy the requirements prescribed in paragraph 8.2. above.












9.2.


If a Contracting Party to the Agreement which applies this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the communication form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "APPROVAL WITHDRAWN".




10.   Production definitively discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of device for means of front and lateral vision approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, the Authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "PRODUCTION DISCONTINUED".
11.   Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
The Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
Part II -   Vehicle installation of a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection
12.   Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation:








12.1.


"The driver's ocular points" means two points 65 mm apart and 635 mm vertically above point R of the driver's seat as defined in Annex 8. The straight line joining these points runs perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. The centre of the segment joining the two ocular points is in a vertical longitudinal plane which shall pass through the centre of the driver's designated seating position, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.












12.2.


"Ambinocular vision" means the total field of vision obtained by the superimposition of the monocular fields of the right eye and the left eye (see Figure 4 below).

Figure 4


Monocular fields













E


=


interior rear-view mirror




OD


=


driver’s right eye




OE


=


driver’s left eye




ID


=


virtual monocular images




IE


=


virtual monocular images




I


=


virtual ambinocular image




A


=


angle of vision of left eye




B


=


angle of vision of right eye




C


=


binocular angle of vision




D


=


ambinocular angle of vision
















12.3.


"Type of vehicle as regards to the driver’s awareness of vulnerable road users in close-proximity of the front and lateral sides of the vehicle" means motor vehicles which are identical in respect of the following basic features:












12.3.1.


Type of a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection;












12.3.2.


The bodywork features which reduce the field of vision;












12.3.3.


The coordinates of point R (where applicable);












12.3.4.


The prescribed positions, and type-approval markings of compulsory and (if fitted) optional devices for indirect vision.












12.4.


"The ocular reference point" means the middle point between the driver's ocular points.












12.5.


"Type of device for means of front and lateral vision or detection" means front and lateral side(s) visibility or detection means that do not differ on the following essential characteristics:






(a)


The category of the device;










(b)


The means used for front and lateral vision or detection;
















12.6.


"Electronic system" means a system that processes information encoded by variable quantities (power, voltage or current) and consists of several interconnected components with different input-output relationships.




13.   Application for approval








13.1.


The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.












13.2.


A model of information document is shown in Annex 2.












13.3.


A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for conducting the approval tests.












13.4.


The Type Approval Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective checks on conformity of production before type-approval is granted.












13.5.


FLVCS shall be provided by the applicant with the following documents:






(a)


Technical specification of FLVCS;










(b)


Operator's manual.








14.   Approval








14.1.


If the vehicle type submitted for approval in accordance with paragraph 13. above meets the requirements of paragraph 15. of this Regulation, approval shall be granted.












14.2.


An approval number shall be assigned to each approved type in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Agreement (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3.












14.3.


Notice of approval or of refusal or of extension or withdrawal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this UN Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 4 to this UN Regulation.




15.   Requirements








15.1.


General
For the purposes of this UN Regulation, the vehicle shall fulfil the following requirements:
The vehicle shall be equipped with at least one means of vision or awareness.
Any means using one or several electronic system(s) (e.g. vision camera systems, detection systems), may be activated upon the driver's request.
The combination of means of vision provide a close-proximity front and lateral field of vision as defined in paragraph 15.2. These means shall be selected from:






(a)


Direct vision;










(b)


Devices approved to UN Regulation No. 46, 04 Series of amendments;










(c)


Close-proximity front and lateral view mirror complying with this Regulation; and










(d)


Close-proximity front and lateral view camera system (FLVCS) complying with this Regulation.




The combination of means of awareness shall provide information about the objects that can be found in the fields of vision as defined in paragraph 15.3. Possible means are:
These means shall be detection systems complying with this UN Regulation.
It is possible to use a combination of means of vision and perception, as declared by the manufacturer.
The areas corresponding to the different means of perception may overlap (see examples in Figure 5).
The manufacturer shall declare to the technical service which means is used for which designated area, so that the technical service can set up the testing equipment accordingly. This shall be recorded in the test report.

Figure 5


Examples of means of perception and the corresponding zones covered (left-hand drive case)







(a)


Direct vision, detection system, FLVCS.















(b)


Direct vision and mirror





















15.2.


Close-proximity front and lateral sides field of vision
The field of vision (see Figure 6 below) shall be bounded by the following planes:






(a)


A longitudinal vertical plane passing through a point 300 mm from the contour of the sides of the vehicle;










(b)


A transverse vertical plane passing through a point 300 mm from the contour of the front of the vehicle;










(c)


Areas ahead of the centre of the side mirrors on the driver's seat side and the passenger seat side. In the case of a vehicle that is equipped with a camera-monitor system (CMS) that complies with UN Regulation No. 46, 04 Series of amendments, the manufacturer shall consider the same vehicle equipped with side mirrors or to use the centre of Class III or II CMS camera lens instead of the centre of the side mirrors.




The contour is defined by the ground projection of the outer shape of the vehicle along which the test object defined in Annex 9 to this Regulation (a 300 mm diameter cylinder) can be moved. Small irregularities of the external form are not taken into account.

Figure 6


Close-proximity front and lateral sides view field of vision


















15.2.1.


Requirements
When the test is carried out according to the method described in Annex 9, the driver shall be able to detect the test object by ambinocular vision, from the driver’s adjusted ocular points, or by binocular vision, from the adjusted ocular reference point; these points being calculated according to the correction methods described in Annex 10.
The adjusted driver's ocular points calculated by the methods described in Annex 10 do not apply to devices using monitors.












15.2.1.1.


Looking forward in direct ambinocular vision (from the driver’s corrected ocular points) or in binocular vision (from the corrected ocular reference point); the position of these points must be recalculated using the correction methods described in Annex 10;












15.2.1.2.


using a device for indirect vision (rear-view mirror, CMS or other device) approved in accordance with UN Regulation No. 46; or












15.2.1.3.


using an indirect frontal and lateral vision device (rear-view mirror or camera system or other device) complying with this Regulation;












15.2.2.


The close-proximity front and later field of vision shall be defined in ambinocular vision, from the corrected ocular points as defined in paragraph 12.1, or in binocular vision, from the corrected ocular reference point. The fields of vision shall be determined when the vehicle is in running order as defined in the consolidated Resolution on the Construction of vehicles (R.E.3) (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.7, paragraph 2.2.5.4.), plus for M1 and N1 vehicles one front seat passenger (75 kg). When established through windows, the glazing shall have a total light transmission factor in accordance with UN Regulation No. 43, 04 series of amendments, Annex 24.












15.2.3.


In the case of mirrors consisting of several reflecting surfaces which are either of different curvature or not in the same plane, at least one of the reflecting surfaces shall provide the field of vision.












15.3.


Field of detection
The field of detection shall be bounded by the following curved surfaces and planes (see Figure 4)






(a)


A vertical curved surface passing through a point 200 mm from the contour of the front of the vehicle;










(b)


A vertical curved surface passing through a point 300 mm from the contour of the front of the vehicle;










(c)


Areas ahead of the centre of the side mirrors on the driver's seat side and the passenger seat side between defined surface by (a) and (b). In the case of the vehicle that equipped with CMS that comply UN Regulation No. 46, 04 Series of amendments, the manufacturer shall consider the same vehicle equipped with side mirrors or to use the centre of Class III or II CMS camera lens instead of the centre of the side mirrors.




The contour is defined by the ground projection of the outer shape of the vehicle along which the test object defined in Annex 9 to this Regulation (a 300 mm diameter cylinder) can be moved. Small irregularities of the external form are not taken into account.

Figure 4


Field of detection


















15.3.1.


When tested under the test method described in Annex 12 the requirements for field of detection shall be considered satisfied if the information as defined in paragraph 17.2. is provided to the driver.












15.4.


Devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection












15.4.1.


Activation












15.4.1.1.


It shall be possible to easily activate FLVCS and the detection system when the gear is engaged.












15.4.1.2.


A camera system for frontal and lateral vision or a detection system whose range of perception does not allow simultaneous monitoring of the entire required field of perception shall be able to adapt that range based on the actions of the driver in order to provide him with information on the area of interest to him.
It shall be possible to easily activate the front and side vision camera system and the detection system. If the combination of these devices does not allow the entire required field of perception to be monitored, it shall at least provide the driver with information on the area of interest to the driver.












15.4.2.


Position












15.4.2.1.


Devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection shall be so placed that the driver, when sitting on the driving seat in a normal driving position, has a clear view of the road to the front and lateral side(s) of the vehicle.












15.4.2.2.


In the case of any vehicle, which is in chassis/cab form when the field of vision or detection is measured, the minimum and maximum recommended body widths, heights and lengths shall be stated by the manufacturer and, if necessary, simulated by dummy headboards. All vehicles and devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection configurations taken into consideration during the tests shall be shown on the type-approval certificate for a vehicle with regard to the installation of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection (see Annex 4). This includes information related to a range of device installation positions (in length, width and height).












15.4.2.3.


Devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection shall not project beyond the external bodywork of the vehicle substantially more than is necessary to comply with the requirements concerning fields of vision or fields of detection.












15.4.2.4.


Devices for means of front and lateral side(s) visibility or detection shall be firmly fitted in such a way that the devices do not move so as to significantly change the field of vision or detection as measured or vibrate to an extent which would cause the driver to misinterpret the nature of the image perceived. The wiring of the devices shall be protected and shall not be visible on the surface of the vehicle.












15.4.3.


Protective housing for the device(s) other than mirrors












15.4.3.1.


When the devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection are mounted in the position recommended by the manufacturer for normal driving, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device, including those parts remaining attached to the support after the test provided for in paragraph 6.2.2. which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection or parts of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection installed inside the vehicle or 100 mm in diameter in the case of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection or parts of devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection installed outside the vehicle, shall have a radius of curvature "c" of not less than 2.5 mm.












15.4.3.2.


The requirements in paragraphs 15.4.3.1. above shall not apply to parts of the external surface which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1.5 mm. For determining the dimension of the projection, the following method shall apply:












15.4.3.2.1.


The dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a convex surface may be determined either directly or by reference to a drawing of an appropriate section of this component in its installed condition.












15.4.3.2.2.


If the dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a surface other than convex cannot be determined by simple measurement, it shall be determined by the maximum variation of the distance of the centre of a 100 mm diameter sphere from the nominal line of the panel when the sphere is moved over and is in constant contact with that component. Figure 7 shows an example of the use of this procedure.

Figure 7


Example for the measurement by maximum variation


















15.4.3.3.


Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 15.4.3.1. above, provided that they are blunted.












15.4.3.4.


In the case of those parts of interior the devices which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 50 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of paragraph 15.4.3.1. above shall only apply to the support.












15.4.3.5.


The requirements of paragraph 15.4.3.1. do not apply to the devices, if their lower edge is mounted not less than 2 m above the ground when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technical permissible mass..












15.4.3.6.


The devices that approved by UN Regulation No.26 or No.61 shall be exempted the requirements of paragraph 15.4.3. of this Regulation.












15.5.


Blind area exemption
Range of blind area created by the A-pillar or exterior rear-view mirror that satisfies the conditions described in Annex 11 of this Regulation is excluded from the field of vision or detection.




16.   Requirements for front and lateral view camera system








16.1.


System activation
The vehicle shall be equipped with dedicated means for the driver to activate and deactivate the system.
If proper functioning cannot be ensured, the system shall automatically shut off or the driver shall be able to deactivate.












16.2.


Default view
In default view the FLVCS shall show at least the part of the field of view as described in paragraph 15.2.
When the driver activates the camera system for front and side vision, the camera system shall by default display the views of the front or sides of the vehicle.












16.2.1.


Luminance and contrast adjustment
If manual adjustment is provided, the operator's manual shall provide information on how to change the luminance/contrast.












16.2.2.


Overlay requirements within the required field of vision
Only visual driving or safety information regarding the sides and front of the vehicle may be superimposed on the images. Overlays for other purposes of information in the required field of vision are not allowed.












16.3.


View adjustment
The front and lateral side view images may be adjusted automatically by the camera system or manually by the driver.












16.4.


Operating readiness (System availability)
The system deactivated status shall be indicated to the driver (e.g., FLVCS failure by, i.e., warning indication, display information, black screen, absence of status indicator). The information for the driver shall be explained in the operator's manual.












16.5.


Monitor inside the vehicle
The monitor shall be visible without any obstruction from the ocular reference point. Virtual testing is acceptable.












16.5.1.


Obstruction of the driver's direct view caused by the installation of a device for indirect vision shall be restricted to a minimum.












16.6.


Vehicles may be equipped with additional devices for indirect vision.












16.7.


Notwithstanding the provisions above, any other design concept shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Technical Service within the safety concept that is provided in the provisions above.












16.8.


The effectiveness of the FLVCS shall not be adversely affected by magnetic or electrical fields. This shall be demonstrated by compliance with the technical requirements and transitional provisions of UN Regulation No. 10, 05 series of amendments or any later series of amendments.




17.   Requirements for detection systems








17.1.


System activation
The vehicle shall be equipped with dedicated means for the driver to activate and deactivate the system.
If proper functioning cannot be ensured, the system shall automatically shut off or the driver shall be able to deactivate.












17.2.


Driver interface and information presentation strategy












17.2.1.


The system shall have at least two kinds of driver information signal selected from acoustic, optical, and haptics.












17.2.1.1.


As long as one information signal remains active, the driver may de-activate the other information signals.












17.2.2.


Acoustic information
When an object is detected in the front and lateral side(s) horizontal area as described in paragraph 1.3. of Annex 12. while the instruction to activate was given by the driver, acoustic information shall be given.












17.2.3.


Duration of signalling
Signalling for an object shall last as long as the object is detected and shall end when the object is no longer detected or when the system is deactivated.
The acoustic signal may be automatically temporarily suspended after a certain time provided that the system remains activated.












17.2.4.


Optical information
In the case optical information is displayed on common space used for other information (such as meter cluster display or other displays), overlay is allowed and shall comply with the overlay requirements of the camera system in 16.2.2. of this UN Regulation.












17.2.5.


Operating readiness (System availability)
The system deactivated status shall be indicated to the driver (e.g., Detection system failure by, i.e., warning indication, display information, black screen, absence of status indicator). The information for the driver shall be explained in the operator's manual.












17.3.


The effectiveness of the detection system shall not be adversely affected by magnetic or electrical fields. This shall be demonstrated by compliance with the technical requirements and transitional provisions of UN Regulation No. 10, 05 series of amendments or any later series of amendments.




18.   Modifications of the vehicle type and extension of approvals








18.1.


Every modification of the vehicle type shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type. Type Approval Authority shall then either:






(a)


Decide, in consultation with the manufacturer, that a new type approval is to be granted; or










(b)


Apply the procedure contained in paragraph 18.1.1. (Revision) and, if applicable, the procedure contained in paragraph 18.1.2. (Extension).
















18.1.1.


Revision
When particulars recorded in the information folder have changed and the Type Approval Authority considers that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect, and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirements, the modification shall be designated a "revision".
In such a case, the Type Approval Authority shall issue the revised pages of the information folder as necessary, marking each revised page to show clearly the nature of the modification and the date of re-issue. A consolidated, updated version of the information folder, accompanied by a detailed description of the modification, shall be deemed to meet this requirement.












18.1.2.


Extension
The modification shall be designated an "extension" if, in addition to the change of the particulars recorded in the information folder,






(a)


Further inspections or tests are required; or










(b)


Any information on the communication document (with the exception of its attachments) has changed; or










(c)


Approval to a later series of amendments is requested after its entry into force.
















18.2.


Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 4 to this Regulation. In addition, the index to the information package, attached to the communication document, shall be amended accordingly to show the date of the most recent revision or extension.












18.3.


The Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number to each communication form drawn up for such an extension.




19.   Conformity of production








19.1.


The conformity of production procedure shall comply with those set out in the Agreement, Schedule 1, (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.3).












19.2.


Every vehicle approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 15., where applicable paragraph 16. and paragraph 17. above.




20.   Penalties for non-conformity of production








20.1.


The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in paragraph 19.1. above is not complied with or if the vehicle fails to pass the checks prescribed in paragraph 19.2. above.












20.2.


If a Party to the Agreement which applies this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "APPROVAL WITHDRAWN".




21.   Production definitively discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of vehicle approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type Approval Authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, the Authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a copy of the approval form bearing at the end, in large letters, the signed and dated annotation "PRODUCTION DISCONTINUED".
22.   Names and addresses of Technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
The Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
23.   Transitional provisions








23.1.


As from the official date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant or refuse to accept type approvals under this Regulation as amended by the 01 series of amendments.












23.2.


As from 1 September 2026, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept type approvals to the preceding series of amendments, first issued after 1 September 2026.












23.3.


Until 1 September 2027, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall accept type approvals to the preceding series of amendments, first issued before 1 September 2026.












23.4.


As from 1 September 2027, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not be obliged to accept type approvals issued to the preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.












23.5.


Notwithstanding paragraph 23.4., Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to accept type approvals issued according to the preceding series of amendments to this Regulation, for the vehicles and devices for means of front and lateral vision which are not affected by the changes introduced by the 01 series of amendments.












23.6.


Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may grant type approvals according to any preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.












23.7.


Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to grant extensions of existing approvals to any preceding series of amendments to this Regulation.






(1)  As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.7. https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/wp29/resolutions.

(2)  The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.7 https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/wp29/resolutions .




ANNEX 1
Information document for type approval of a device for means of front and lateral vision
The following information, if applicable, shall be supplied in triplicate and shall include a list of contents.
Any drawings shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 paper or on a folder of A4 format.
Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient details.

1.   

Make (trade name of manufacturer): …



2.   

Type and general commercial description(s): …



3.   

Means of identification of the type, if indicated on the device: …



4.   

Category of vehicle for which the device is intended: …



5.   

Name and address of manufacturer: …



6.   

Location and method of affixing of the approval mark for Close-proximity front and lateral side(s) view mirrors: …



6.1.   

Other mean of identification link to the approval mark for Close-proximity front and lateral side(s) view mirrors: …



7.   

Address(es) of assembly plant(s): …



8.   

Mirrors (state for each mirror): …



8.1.   

Variant …



8.2.   

Drawing(s) for the identification of the mirror: …



8.3.   

Details of the method of attachment: …







ANNEX 2
Information document for type approval of a vehicle to be installed with a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection
The following information, if applicable, shall be supplied in triplicate and include a list of contents.
Any drawings shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 paper or on a folder of A4 format.
Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient details.
General








1.


Make (trade name of manufacturer): …












2.


Type and general commercial description(s): …












3.


Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle: …












4.


Location of that marking: …












5.


Category of vehicle: …












6.


Name and address of manufacturer: …












7.


Address(es) of assembly plant(s): …




General construction characteristics of the vehicle








8.


Photograph(s) and/or drawing(s) of a representative vehicle: …












9.


Driving position: left/right (1) …












9.1.


The vehicle is equipped to be driven in right-hand/left hand traffic (1)…












10.


Range of vehicle dimensions (overall): …












10.1


For chassis without bodywork…












10.1.1.


Width:3 …












10.1.1.1.


Maximum permissible width: …












10.1.1.2.


Minimum permissible width: …












10.1.2.


Length: …












10.1.2.1.


Maximum permissible length: …












10.1.2.2.


Minimum permissible length: …












10.1.3.


Height: …












10.1.3.1.


Maximum permissible height: …












10.1.3.2.


Minimum permissible height: …












10.2.


For chassis with bodywork: …












10.2.1.


Width (2) …












10.2.2.


Length …












10.2.3.


Height …












11.


Bodywork












11.1.


Device for means of front and lateral vision or detection: Direct vision, Devices approved to UN Regulation No. 46, Close-proximity front and lateral side(s) view Mirror complying with this Regulation, FLVCS complying with this Regulation, Detection System complying with this Regulation.












11.1.1.


Direct vision,












11.1.1.1.


Drawing(s)/photograph(s) showing the direct vision relative to the vehicle structure:












11.1.2.


Devices approved to UN Regulation No. 46,












11.1.2.1.


Type approval number(s) of the device(s) approved according UN Regulation No. 46












11.1.2.2.


Class(es) of mirrors and devices for indirect vision (I, II, III, IV, V, VI)2













11.1.2.3.


Drawing(s) showing the position(s) of the device(s) relative to the vehicle structure:












11.1.3.


Close-proximity front and lateral view mirror complying with this Regulation,












11.1.3.1.


Drawing(s) showing the position(s) of the mirror relative to the vehicle structure:












11.1.3.2.


Details of the method(s) of attachment including that part of the vehicle structure to which it is attached:












11.1.3.3.


Optional equipment which may affect the front and lateral field of vision:












11.1.3.4.


A brief description of the electronic components (if any) of the adjustment device:












11.1.4.


FLVCS complying with this Regulation.












11.1.4.1.


Drawing(s)/photograph(s) showing the position(s) of the camera(s) relative to the vehicle structure:












11.1.4.2.


Drawing(s)/photograph(s) showing the arrangement of the monitor(s) including surrounding interior parts:












11.1.4.3.


Drawing(s)/photograph(s) showing the driver’s view onto the monitor(s):












11.1.4.4.


Drawing(s)/photograph(s) showing the setup and monitor image of the required field of view:












11.1.4.5.


Details of the method(s) of attachment of the FLVCS including that part of the vehicle structure to which it is attached:












11.1.4.6.


Optional equipment which may affect the front and lateral field of vision:












11.1.4.7.


A brief description of the electronic components (if any) of the adjustment device:












11.1.4.8.


A technical specification and operator's manual of the FLVCS:












11.1.5.


Detection System complying with this Regulation.












11.1.5.1.


Drawing(s)/photograph(s) showing the position(s) of the sensor(s) relative to the vehicle structure:












11.1.5.2.


Information signal: acoustic, optical, haptics.












11.1.5.3.


A technical specification and operator's manual of the detection system:












12.


Device(s) that are presented for approval to this Regulation:






(1)  Strike out what does not apply.

(2)  "Overall width" of a vehicle means a dimension which is measured according to ISO standard 612-1978, term No. 6.2. In the case of vehicles of category other than M1, in addition to the provisions of that standard, when measuring the vehicle width the following devices shall not be taken into account:






(a)


Customs sealing devices and their protection;










(b)


Devices for securing the tarpaulin and their protection;










(c)


Tyre failure tell-tale devices;










(d)


Protruding flexible parts of a spray-suppression system;










(e)


Lighting equipment;










(f)


For buses, access ramps in running order, lifting platforms and similar equipment in running order provided that they do not exceed 10 mm from the side of the vehicle and the corners of the ramps facing forwards or rearwards are rounded to a radius of not less than 5 mm; the edges shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 2.5 mm;










(g)


Devices for indirect vision;










(h)


Tyre-pressure indicators;










(i)


Retractable steps;










(j)


The deflected part of the tyre walls immediately above the point of contact with the ground.









ANNEX 3
Communication on the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of device (separate technical unit) for means of front and lateral vision
(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))












 (1)


issued by:


Name of administration:
…
…
…





(1)  Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulations).













Concerning: (2)



Approval granted
Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued





(2)  Strike out what does not apply.




of a type of device (Separate Technical Unit) for means of front and lateral vision pursuant to UN Regulation No. 166.






Approval No. …


Extension No. …





1.   

Trade name or mark of device: …



2.   

Manufacturer's name for the type of device: …



3.   

Manufacturer's name and address: …



4.   

If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's representative: …



5.   

Submitted for approval on: …



6.   

Technical Service responsible for conducting approval tests: …



7.   

Date of report issued by that Service…



8.   

Number of reports issued by that Service…



9.   
Brief description …
Identification of the device: mirror, FLVCS, other device for Close-proximity front and lateral side(s) view (2) …


10.   

Position of the approval mark: …



11.   

Reason(s) for extension (if applicable): …



12.   

Approval granted/refused/extended/withdrawn: (2)




13.   

Place: …



14.   

Date: …



15.   

Signature: …



16.   

The list of documents deposited with the Type Approval Authority which has granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on request.




(1)  Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulations).

(2)  Strike out what does not apply.





ANNEX 4
Communication on the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of vehicle with regard to a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection
(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))












 (1)


issued by :


Name of administration:
…
…
…





(1)  Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).













Concerning: (2)



Approval granted
Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued





(2)  Strike out what does not apply.




of a type of vehicle with regard to a device for the means of front and lateral vision or detection pursuant to UN Regulation No. 166.






Approval number: …


Extension No.: …





1.   

Make (trade name of manufacturer): …



2.   

Type and general commercial description(s) …



3.   

Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle: …



3.1.   

Location of that marking: …



4.   

Category of vehicle: (M1, N1) (2)




5.   

Name and address of manufacturer: …



6.   

Address(es) of the production plant(s) …



7.   

Additional information: (where applicable). See appendix



8.   

Technical Service responsible for carrying out the tests: …



9.   

Date of test report: …



10.   

Number of test report: …



11.   

Remarks: (if any). See appendix



12.   

Place: …



13.   

Date: …



14.   

Signature: …



15.   

The index to the information package lodged with the Type Approval Authority, which may be obtained on request is attached.




(1)  Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).

(2)  Strike out what does not apply.





Annex 4 – Appendix
Appendix to type approval communication form No. ……… concerning the type approval of a vehicle with regard to the devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection pursuant to UN Regulation No. 166

1.   

Trade name or mark of a device for means of front and lateral vision or detection and component type-approval number (if applicable): …



2.   

Device for means of front and lateral vision or detection: Direct vision, Devices approved to UN Regulation No. 46, Close-proximity front and lateral view Mirror complying with this Regulation, FLVCS complying with this Regulation, Detection System complying with this Regulation.1




3.   

Extension of type approval of the vehicle to cover the following means of front and lateral vision or detection…



4.   

Data for identification of the R point of the driver's seating position: …



5.   

Maximum and minimum bodywork width, length and height in respect of which the devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection have been granted type-approval…



6.   
The following documents, bearing the type approval number shown above, are annexed to this certificate (if applicable): …






(a)


Drawings showing the mounting(s) of the devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection…










(b)


Drawings and plans showing the mounting position(s) and characteristics of the part of the structure where the devices for means of front and lateral vision or detection are mounted. …










(c)


Drawings and plans showing the visual obstructions which affect the front and lateral vision, e.g. the interior fittings, glazing, etc.






7.   

Remarks: (e.g. valid for right hand/left hand traffic1)…







ANNEX 5
Arrangement of approval mark for a device for means of front and lateral vision
(See paragraph 5.4. of the Regulation)





a = 5 millimetre min.
The above approval mark affixed to a device for means of front and lateral vision indicates that the device is a close-proximity front and lateral view device, which has been approved in Japan (E 43) pursuant to UN Regulation No. 166 and under approval number 012439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that UN Regulation No.166 already included the 01 series of amendments when the approval was granted.







Note:


The approval number and the additional symbol shall be placed close to the circle and either above or below the "E" or to the left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number shall be on the same side of the "E" and point in the same direction. The additional symbol shall be directly opposite the approval number. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers shall be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.









ANNEX 6
Test method to determine reflectivity
1.   Definitions








1.1.


CIE standard illuminate A: (1) Colorimetric illuminate, respecting the full radiator at T68 = 2 855,6 K.












1.1.2.


CIE standard source A (1): Gas-filled tungsten filament lamp operating at a correlated colour temperature of T68 = 2 855,6 K.












1.1.3


CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (1) : Receptor of radiation whose colorimetric characteristics correspond to the spectral tristimulus values 

, 

, 

 (see table).












1.1.4.


CIE spectral tristimulus values1: Tristimulus values of the spectral components of an equi energy spectrum in the CIE (XYZ) system.












1.1.5.


Photopic vision:1 Vision by the normal eye when it is adapted to levels of luminance of at least several cd/m2.




2.   Apparatus








2.1.


General
The apparatus shall consist of a light source, a holder for the test sample, a receiver unit with a photodetector and an indicating meter (see Figure 1), and means of eliminating the effects of extraneous light.
The receiver may incorporate a light-integrating sphere to facilitate measuring the reflectance of non-flat (convex) mirrors (see Figure 2).












2.2.


Spectral characteristics of light source and receiver
The light source shall consist of a CIE standard source A and associated optics to provide a near-collimated light beam. A voltage stabiliser is recommended in order to maintain a fixed lamp voltage during instrument operation.
The receiver shall have a photodetector with a spectral response proportional to the photopic luminosity function of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer (see table). Any other combination of illuminate-filter-receptor giving the overall equivalent of CIE standard illuminate A and photopic vision may be used. When an integrating sphere is used in the receiver, the interior surface of the sphere shall be coated with a matt (diffusive) spectrally non-selective white coating.












2.3.


Geometrical conditions
The angle of the incident beam (θ) should preferably be 0.44 ± 0.09 rad (25 ± 5°) from the perpendicular to the test surface and shall not exceed the upper limit of the tolerance (i.e. 0.53 rad or 30°). The axis of the receptor shall make an angle (θ) with this perpendicular equal to that of the incident beam (see Figure 1). The incident beam upon arrival at the test surface shall have a diameter of not less than 13 mm (0.5 inch). The reflected beam shall not be wider than the sensitive area of the photodetector, shall not cover less than 50 per cent of such area, and as nearly as possible shall cover the same area segment as used during instrument calibration.
When an integrating sphere is used in the receiver section, the sphere shall have a minimum diameter of 127 mm (5 inch). The sample and incident beam apertures in the sphere wall shall be of such a size as to admit the entire incident and reflected light beams. The photodetector shall be so located as not to receive direct light from either the incident or the reflected beam.












2.4.


Electrical characteristics of the photodetector-indicator unit
The photodetector output as read on the indicating meter shall be a linear function of the light intensity of the photosensitive area. Means (electrical and/or optical) shall be provided to facilitate zeroing and calibration adjustments. Such means shall not affect the linearity or the spectral characteristics of the instrument. The accuracy of the receptor indicator unit shall be within ±2 per cent of full scale, or ±10 per cent of the magnitude of the reading, whichever is the smaller.












2.5.


Sample holder
The mechanism shall be capable of locating the test sample so that the axes of the source arm and receptor intersect at the reflecting surface. The reflecting surface may lie within or at either face of the mirror sample, depending on whether it is a first surface, second surface or prismatic "flip" type mirror.




3.   Procedure








3.1.


Direct calibration method
In the direct calibration method, air is used as the reference standard. This method is applicable for those instruments, which are so constructed as to permit calibration at the 100 per cent point by swinging the receiver to a position directly on the axis of the light source (see Figure 1).
It may be desired in some cases (such as when measuring low-reflectivity surfaces) to use an intermediate calibration point (between 0 and 100 per cent on the scale) with this method. In these cases, a neutral density filter of known transmittance shall be inserted in the optical path, and the calibration control shall then be adjusted until the meter reads the percentage transmission of the neutral density filter. This filter shall be removed before reflectivity measurements are performed.












3.2.


Indirect calibration method
The indirect calibration method is applicable in the case of instruments with fixed source and receiver geometry. A properly calibrated and maintained reflectance standard is required. This reference standard should preferably be a flat mirror with a reflectance value as near as possible to that of the test samples.












3.3.


Flat mirror measurement
The reflectance of flat mirror samples can be measured on instruments employing either the direct or the indirect calibration method. The reflectance value is read directly from the indicating meter.












3.4.


Non-flat (convex) mirror measurement
Measurement of the reflectance of non-flat (convex) mirrors requires the use of instruments which incorporate an integrating sphere in the receiver unit (see Figure 2). If the instrument-indicating meter indicates ne divisions with a standard mirror of E per cent reflectance, then, with a mirror of unknown reflectance, nx divisions will correspond to a reflectance of X per cent, in accordance with the formula:






Figure 1


Generalised reflectometer showing experimental set-ups for the two calibration methods







Figure 2


Generalised reflectometer, incorporating an integrating sphere in the receiver










4.   Spectral tristimulus values for the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (2)

This table is taken from CIE publication 50 (45) (1970)











*


Changed in 1966 (from 3 to 2)





Figure 3


Example of a device for measuring the reflection factor of spherical mirrors













C


=


Receiver




D


=


Diaphragm




E


=


Window of entry




F


=


Window of measurement




L


=


Lens




M


=


Object window




S


=


Light source




(S)


=


Integrating sphere






(1)  Definitions taken from CIE publication 50 (45), International Electronical Vocabulary, Group 45, Lighting.

(2)  Abridged table. The values of ȳ (λ) = V (λ) are rounded off to four decimal places.





ANNEX 7
Procedure to determine the radius of curvature "r" of the reflective surface of a mirror
1.   Measurement








1.1.


Equipment
A "spherometer" similar to the one described in Figure 1 of this annex having the indicated distances between the tracing pin of the dial gauge and the fixed legs of the bar is used.












1.2.


Measuring points












1.2.1.


The principal radii of curvature shall be measured at three points situated as close as possible to positions at one-third, one-half and two-thirds of the distance along the arc of the reflecting surface passing through the centre of this surface and parallel to segment b, or of the arc passing through the centre of the reflecting surface which is perpendicular to it if this arc is the longer.












1.2.2.


Where, owing to the size of the reflecting surface, it is impossible to obtain measurements in the directions defined in paragraph 2.1.2.2.2. of this Regulation, the Technical Services responsible for the tests may take measurements at the said point in two perpendicular directions as close as possible to those prescribed above.




2.   Calculation of the radius of curvature "r"
"r" expressed in mm is calculated from the formula:





Where:







rp1


=


the radius of curvature at the first measuring point,




rp2


=


the radius of curvature at the second measuring point,




rp3


=


the radius of curvature at the third measuring point.





Figure 1


Spherometer

(all dimensions in millimetres)



























ANNEX 8
Procedure to determine the "H" point and the actual torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicle (1)


Appendix 1 -   

Description of the Three-Dimensional "H" Point Machine (3-D H Machine) (1)




Appendix 2 -   

Three-Dimensional Reference System (1)




Appendix 3 -   

Reference Data for the Seating Positions (1)





(1)  The procedure is described in Addendum 6 of Mutual Resolution No. 1 (M.R.1) (document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1101/Amend.5); see https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/wp29/resolutions.





ANNEX 9
Test methods for close-proximity front and lateral field of vision
This method shall be applied in the area that is designated by the manufacturer as covered by direct or indirect (mirrors or FLVCS) means.

1.   
Field of vision
The requirements of field of vision defined in paragraphs 15.2. of this Regulation can be tested under the conditions described in this Annex.


1.1.   
Test objects
Each test object shall be a right circular cylinder that is 1.0 m high and 0.3 m in external diameter. See figure 1.

Figure 1


Test Object








1.2.   
Test object locations and orientations
The test object shall be in contact with the front or the sides of the vehicle at any point in an area from the centre of the exterior rear-view mirror on the passenger side to that of the exterior rear-view mirror on the driver side, and shall be visible in the front and side close-proximity field of vision. In the case of the vehicle that equipped with CMS that comply UN Regulation No. 46, 04 Series of amendments, the manufacturer shall consider the same vehicle equipped with side mirrors or to use centres of Class III or II CMS camera lens instead of the centres of the side mirrors.

Figure 2


Test Object Locations








1.3   

Test conditions



1.3.1.   
Lighting condition for FLVCS
The ambient illumination conditions in which testing is conducted consists of light that is evenly distributed from above and is at an intensity of between 7 000 lux and 10 000 lux, as measured at the centre of the exterior surface of the vehicle's roof.
At the request of the manufacturer, the test may be carried out at lower ambient illumination intensity conditions.


1.3.2.   
Temperature for FLVCS
The temperature inside the vehicle during the test shall be any temperature between 15 ° C and 25 °C.


1.3.3.   

Vehicle conditions.



1.3.3.1   
Tyres
The vehicle's tyres shall be set to the vehicle manufacturer's recommended cold inflation pressure.


1.3.3.2.   
Vehicle load
The vehicle is in running order as defined in the consolidated Resolution on the Construction of vehicles (R.E.3) (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.7, paragraph 2.2.5.4.), plus for M1 and N1 vehicles one front seat passenger (75 kg).


1.3.3.3.   
Adjustable suspension
If the vehicle is equipped with adjustable suspension system, it shall be set at worst condition.


1.4.   
Test procedure
The visibility of each pole shall be tested by sweeping through the pole in contact with the vehicle’s front and side from the centre of passenger side mirror to driver’s side mirror.






ANNEX 10
Adjustment methods for the position of the driver’s ocular points
1.   Back angle compensation
The positions of the driver’s ocular points, or the ocular reference point shall be adjusted in the forward/rearward or upward/downward direction by a specific compensation distance defined according to the respective back angle of the test vehicle, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1


Back angle compensation











Back angle [°]


Compensation distance


Back angle [°]


Compensation distance




Forward/rearward [mm]


Upward/downward [mm]


Forward/rearward [mm]


Upward/downward [mm]




5


– 186 


28 


23


–18 


5 




6


– 177 


27 


24


–9 


3 




7


– 167 


27 


25


0 


0 




8


– 157 


27 


26


9 


–3 




9


– 147 


26 


27


17 


–5 




10


– 137 


25 


28


26 


–8 




11


– 128 


24 


29


34 


–11 




12


– 118 


23 


30


43 


–14 




13


– 109 


22 


31


51 


–18 




14


–99 


21 


32


59 


–21 




15


–90 


20 


33


67 


–24 




16


–81 


18 


34


76 


–28 




17


–72 


17 


35


84 


–32 




18


–62 


15 


36


92 


–35 




19


–53 


13 


37


100 


–39 




20


–44 


11 


38


108 


–43 




21


–35 


9 


39


115 


–48 




22


–26 


7 


40


123 


–52 











Note:


Symbols used in the table: Forward/rearward direction (–: forward, +: rearward); Upward/downward direction (–: downward, +: upward)




2.   Compensation for the driver’s movements during the verification towards the front and towards the passenger side
The positions of the ocular points (binocular vision) or the ocular reference point may be corrected for the posterior (front/rear), lateral (right/left) and vertical (up/down) movements which the driver performs at the start-up of the the vehicle, when checking the environment on the passenger side, provided that the corrections are within the ranges indicated in Table 2.
Adjusted ocular points or the ocular reference point shall be located in a three-dimensional space consisting of four points as follows, the driver’s ocular points defined in 12.1. or the ocular reference point defined in 12.2. of this Regulation, and driver’s ocular points or the ocular reference point compensation for the stretching defined in table 2.

Table 2


Compensation for the driver’s movements during the passenger side verification









Measures in [mm]


Forward/rearward compensation distance (+: rearward, –: forward)


Lateral compensation distance (+: right, –: left)


Upward/downward compensation distance (+: upward, –: downward)




Vertical movement


0 


–10 


40 




Horizontal movement


– 140 


–15 


10 




Lateral movement


30 


– 110 


15 











Note:


In the table, for the right-hand drive vehicles, "right" shall be read as "left", and "left" shall be read as "right".




3.   Compensation for the driver’s movements during the driver side verification
The positions of the driver’s ocular points (binocular vision) or the ocular reference point may be corrected for the posterior (front/rear), lateral (right/left) and vertical (up/down) movements which the driver performs when looking out the side window to check whether a vulnerable road user is in the front right of the vehicle, provided that the corrections are within the ranges indicated in Table 3.
Adjusted driver’s ocular points or the ocular reference point shall be located in a three-dimensional space consisting of four points as follows, the driver’s ocular points defined in 12.1. or the ocular reference point defined in 12.2. of this Regulation, and driver’s ocular points or the ocular reference point compensation for the stretching defined in table 3.

Table 3


Compensation for the driver’s movements during the driver side verification









Measures in [mm]


Forward/rearward compensation distance (+: rearward, –: forward)


Lateral compensation distance (+: right, –: left)


Upward/downward compensation distance (+: upward, –: downward)




Vertical movement


- 100 


300 


0 




Horizontal movement


- 200 


250 


-50 




Maximum lateral movement towards the driver's side


-50 


350 


-50 











Note:


In the table, for the right-hand drive vehicles, "right" shall be read as "left", and "left" shall be read as "right".









ANNEX 11
Range of blind area created by the A-pillar or exterior rear-view mirror
1.   Definitions








1.1.


"Blind spot created by the exterior rear-view mirror" means a blind spot created by the structure of the vehicle which maintains or protects the exterior rear-view mirror and by the exterior rear-view mirror.












1.2.


"Blind area created by the A-pillar" means a blind area created by the vehicle structure that is located forward of the ocular reference point and above a plane parallel to the vehicle centre and passing through the two points consisting of the ocular reference point and the lowermost point of the side glazing's transparent area where the ground surface can be viewed through the side glazing when the left side of the vehicle is checked from the ocular reference point (point a) (Figure 1). However, a window provided in a part of the lower area of the door is not considered as the side glazing.
For the right-hand drive vehicles, "left" shall be read as "right".




2.   Range of the blind area
The range of the blind area created by the A-pillar or exterior rear-view mirror shall be an area that meets the following formula. In this case, if there are more than one blind area, each blind area shall meet the conditions of the formula.
X ≤ 0.292 · L – 0.203
Where:







X (m)


:


is the limit of the excluded area, i.e. the distance between the centre of a cylinder in contact with the front edge of the blind area and the centre of a cylinder in contact with its rear edge.




L (m)


:


is located inside the blind area created by the A-pillar or exterior rear-view mirror. Distance between the rear edge of a cylinder in contact with the rear edge of the blind area and the front edge of the rear wheel.




(See Figure 2).

Figure 1


(left-hand drive case)







Figure 2


(left-hand drive case)











ANNEX 12
Test methods for detection systems
1.   Front and lateral horizontal area detection
Detection system shall fulfil the test as specified in paragraph 1.3.1. in this Annex.








1.1.


Test conditions
The test object shall be as per paragraph 7.1. of ISO 17386:2010. During testing, the wind speed shall not exceed 1 m/s. The temperature shall be 20 ± 5 °C and the humidity shall be 60 ± 25 per cent. There shall be no rain or snow. The test shall be performed on a flat, dry asphalt or concrete surface. The test shall not be affected by the reflection of sound waves or electromagnetic waves from any walls, auxiliary testing equipment or any other objects in the environment.












1.2.


Test preparation
One test object shall be used. The positions of the test object are selected by the manufacturer to ensure the detection of the test object. The test object shall be located in the detectable grids within the front and lateral horizontal area in 1.3.1. of this annex. The test vehicle in the initial state shall be in the parking condition. Here, the parking condition means that the steering is in the neutral position, and the P (park) position is selected in the case of vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions, whereas it means the neutral gear being selected and the parking brake being engaged in the case of vehicles equipped with manual transmissions.
When testing, a person (of 75 kg in weight) shall sit in the driver's seat and, keeping the vehicle in the stationary condition, perform an operation that activates the detection system as described by the manufacturer or in the owner’s manual.












1.3.


Test method












1.3.1.


Field of detection
The field of detection shall be divided into three areas: front, corners, and sides. The test methods for the front, corners, and sides shall be specified in paragraphs 1.3.1.1., 1.3.1.2., and 1.3.1.3.
The test shall be carried out by moving the test object in the detection field until it reaches the first grid box in which it is not detected (See Figure 1).
The test shall be conducted with test objects installed at intervals of 100 mm, but for the purpose of reducing the number of measurements, the test may be conducted with the test objects installed at intervals of 200 mm, and if there is an undetected grid, the test shall be conducted for both neighbouring grids.
For overlapping areas between the grid of test points specified in paragraph 1.3.1.2. and the grid of test points specified in paragraph 1.3.1.1. or 1.3.1.3., either method can be used.

Figure 1


Field of detection


















1.3.1.1.


Field of detection of front area
The field of detection of the front area is shown in Figure 2.
W_f is equal to the vehicle width measured along the front axle.
W_test is equal to half of W_f rounded to the nearest 100 mm and then multiplied by two.
Define the front zone as follows: a rectangle centered on the centreline of the vehicle, with its longer side perpendicular to the centreline of the vehicle and tangent to the front end of the vehicle, with a width of W_test and a forward length of 300 mm. Next, draw a grid (100 mm x 100 mm squares) on the ground of this area.
Draw a curve that follow the shape of the vehicle contour (vertical projection on the ground as shown in Figure 2) between the two constructed vehicle corners. The curve shall be set at 200mm forward of the vehicle contour. For the part outside of the constructed vehicle corners, the curve is completed by straight sections perpendicular to the vehicle's central axis to cover the whole vehicle width (W_test). For the construction of corners see paragraph 1.3.1.2. below. Place the test object centre on the grid intersection which is nearest and in the forward direction of the curve, in each grid row parallel to the vehicle's central axis.
The first curve shall follow the front bumper shape in the top view of the vehicle for the part between the two virtual corners of the vehicle but shall be a straight line orthogonal to the forward direction for the part outside the virtual corners.

Figure 2


Field of detection of front area


















1.3.1.2.


Field of detection of corner areas
The field of detection of the corner areas is shown in Figure 3.






(a)


Draw a rectangular box tangent to the contours of the vehicle;










(b)


Draw a line from each corner of the box to the vehicle at an angle of 45°;










(c)


The intersections of these lines and the vehicle contours are defined as the constructed vehicle corners;










(d)


Test each of the test objects placed at the following points: one 250 mm away from one vehicle corner along a line that rises at a 45° angle, and two others, each 100 mm away from the point on both sides along a line that orthogonally crosses the 45° line.




Repeat the same for the other corner.

Figure 3


Field of detection of corner areas


















1.3.1.3.


Field of detection of side areas
The field of detection of the side areas is shown in Figure 4.
L_f is equal to the distance from the centre of the side mirror to the front end of the vehicle, measured parallel to the vehicle's central axis.
L_test is the value of L_f rounded to the nearest 100 mm.
Define the lateral areas as follows: two rectangles symmetrical to the centreline of the vehicle and with large sides parallel to the centreline of the vehicle, tangential to the sides and the front end of the vehicle, with a length of L_test and width 300 mm. Next, draw a grid (100 mm x 100 mm squares) on the ground of this area.
Draw a curve that follow the shape of the vehicle contour (vertical projection on the ground as shown in Figure 4). The curve has a distance of 200 mm to the vehicle contour. For the part outside of the constructed vehicle corners, the curve is completed by straight sections perpendicular to the vehicle's central axis to cover the whole vehicle width (W_test).
Place the test object centre on the grid intersection which is nearest and in the forward direction of the curve, in each grid row parallel to the vehicle's central axis.
The first curve shall be a straight line parallel to the forward direction for the part in front of the virtual corners, while the part behind the virtual corners shall follow the shapes of the vehicle sides and front bumper in the top view of the vehicle.

Figure 4


Field of detection of side areas


















1.3.2.


Detection test
In the field of detection, there shall be no more than two consecutive undetected grids.
When the warning is provided for more than five seconds continuously, it is judged that the test object is detected. The detection test shall be performed one time for each test object. However, if necessary, according to the agreement of the Technical Service and manufacturer, it can be judged that the test object is detected in case warnings are provided in four out of five tests.









ANNEX 13
Necessity of pendulum impact test

Figure 1






Pendulum impact test
Device for indirect vision (mirrors)






1


No test










2


Compulsory










3


No test










4


No test










5


Not permitted










6


No test




Device for indirect vision (FLVCS)






7


No test







ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1365/oj
ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)